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In Biur Hagra YD 293:2 the Gra makes the following shocking statement:

ודברי בה"ג כאן טעות גדול הוא וא"צ להשיב עליהן וגם מ"ש בשם ב"ח הב"ח כשיטתו דס"ל אינו נוהג בשל עובדי כוכבים וכבר הכו על קדקדו כל האחרונים ושגגה יצאה מתחת ידו וטובה ה"ל לבה"ג כאן השתיקה

And the words of Bahag here are a great error, and there is no need to reply to them, and that which he wrote in the name of the Bach, the Bach is simply going according to his own opinion that it is not observed when it comes from a non-Jew, and all of the Acharonim have already hit him over the head, and a mistake has come out from under his hand, and it would have been better if Bahag would have been silent. (my own very loose translation)

How could the Gra attack the Bahag so harshly? Isn't the Bahag (The Baal Halachos Gedolos) a Gaon who lived close to a thousand years before the Gra. Why would he talk so sharply against such a renowned authority?

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Regardless of whether or not we think that the Gra would use such language against a Gaon, it is irrelevant, as the Bahag here does not refer to the Baal Halachos Gedolos, but rather to the Beer Hagolah. This is evidenced by the intermediate portion of the quote (skipped over in my question):

ודברי בה"ג כאן טעות גדול הוא וא"צ להשיב עליהן וגם מ"ש בשם ב"ח הב"ח כשיטתו דס"ל אינו נוהג בשל עובדי כוכבים וכבר הכו על קדקדו כל האחרונים ושגגה יצאה מתחת ידו וטובה ה"ל לבה"ג כאן השתיקה

Obviously the Baal Halachos Gedolos cannot quote the Bach, who lived much, much later. (I also suspect that the line וכבר הכו על קדקדו כל האחרונים ושגגה יצאה מתחת ידו may refer to the Bach, not Beer Hagolah.)

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    Notably, R Moshe Ravkash was the Gra's great-great-great-grandfather. – Double AA Jan 25 '18 at 01:34
  • @DoubleAA cool, didn't know that! – רבות מחשבות Jan 25 '18 at 01:37
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    @רבותמחשבות Then you'd probably like to also know that " A document of the year 1750 informs us that [the Gra] was granted a small weekly allowance from the legacy left by his ancestor, R. Moses Rivke's (Be'er Hagolah), for the maintenance of those of his descendants who would devote themselves to the study of the Torah." (Students, Saints and Scholars p.129) – Oliver Jan 25 '18 at 04:08
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    @Oliver wow, that just made this answer 50 times as meaningful. – רבות מחשבות Jan 25 '18 at 04:16