Let's say you have Siamese twins - two heads coming out of a single torso - one set of arms and one set of legs.
Is this human considered as 2 people or one for purposes of:
- minyan counting
- testimony requiring 2 witnesses. (Assume that this is a case where the 2 witnesses may be related to each other. I think that Kiddush hachodesh may be an example. Perhaps, criminal case testimony may work, also.)
The above two are just examples of what I can think of at the moment regarding places where something requires a specific number of people for an event to occur. Feel free to add others.