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Basically, as the title says, in the modern era without Sanhedrin, does a Jewish army require permission from the rabbonim of the times to wage war? If they do, would the current conflict in Israel be considered a milchemes mitzvah and therefore not require approval?

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As a defensive war is labeled as a milchemes mitzvah and doesn't require consultation with the Sanhedrin you're good to go

Excerpted from Mishneh Torah hilchos melachim 5:1

וְאֵי זוֹ הִיא מִלְחֶמֶת מִצְוָה זוֹ מִלְחֶמֶת שִׁבְעָה עֲמָמִים. וּמִלְחֶמֶת עֲמָלֵק. וְעֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל מִיַּד צָר שֶׁבָּא עֲלֵיהֶם.

What is considered as milchemet mitzvah? The war against the seven nations who occupied Eretz Yisrael, the war against Amalek, and a war fought to assist Israel from an enemy which attacks them.

Nahum
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