It's common joke that the Star Trek teleporters actually kill the person they dematerialize and recreate a copy. (Last week, SMBC joked that by 2026, all the strip's jokes will be about this question.) But, of course, teleportation in science fiction is quite a bit older than Star Trek.
For example, the death of the teleportee is the central motif of Rogue Moon, published in 1960, but I suspect that this was probably not the first work to use it either. However, I also suspect that this is not one of those ideas that goes back to somebody like Lucian of Samosata, since it seems to entail a fundamentally materialist worldview—that there is no transcendent soul that exists independently of the human body.
So, what was the first science fiction work that referred to the possibility that teleportation (or at least technological teleportation) would actually kill the person who undergoes the process? It doesn't need to be confirmed that the person actually dies, but the issue should be raised.
