The answer to this question has not been definitively given even in the novel HBP. But we can make an accurate guess based on our analysis. First of all let me quote the full conversation between Harry and Dumbledore that happened about that something from chapter 26 The Cave of HBP
With a noise like an explosion, something very large and pale erupted
out of the dark water some twenty feet away; before Harry could see
what it was, it had vanished again with a crashing splash that made
great, deep ripples on the mirrored surface. Harry leapt backward in
shock and hit the wall; his heart was still thundering as he turned to
Dumbledore.
“What was that?”
“Something, I think, that is ready to respond should we attempt to
seize the Horcrux.” Harry looked back at the water. The surface of the
lake was once more shining black glass: The ripples had vanished
unnaturally fast; Harry’s heart, however, was still pounding.
“Did you think that would happen, sir?”
“I thought something would happen if we made an obvious attempt to get
our hands on the Horcrux. That was a very good idea, Harry; much the
simplest way of finding out what we are facing.”
“But we don’t know what the thing was,” said Harry, looking at the
sinisterly smooth water.
“What the things are, you mean,” said Dumbledore. “I doubt very much
that there is only one of them. Shall we walk on?”
Also see this excerpt from the Harry Potter Fandom
An Inferi-infested lake separated the entrance of the cave from the
Horcrux. Any attempt to use a Summoning Charm to get the Horcrux would
cause one or more Inferi to leap out of the water to block the spell's
effect. If the water is disturbed, the Inferi would emerge and attempt
to drag the intruder into the water to drown.
Based on this, you know very well that any attempt to tamper with the horcrux would alarm the defence system in the cave. By this time the two of them had already come across the lake onto the island which means they had already caused enough disturbance to wake up the inferi.
Hence that something was definitely a group of inferi who were trying to move toward the island by pushing each other in a haphazard way. The reason it seemed to be unlike an inferius must be because the cave was too dark to distinguish things correctly.