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I don't think I've ever seen a rationalization for this custom in works earlier than those of the Acharonim. I've never seen any Rishonim even mention it; certainly not earlier authors.

What's the earliest source we have for the eating-dairy custom? Or does anyone mention how old it is?

jake
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The custom of eating dairy on Shavuos is mentioned by several ראשונים including:

jake
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Michoel
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    Michoel, welcome to Mi Yodeya and thanks for the informative answer! I hope you stick around and enjoy the site. Do you have a citation for where Rabenu Avig'dor mentions this custom? – msh210 May 25 '12 at 05:29
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    This is a great opportunity where translating Hebrew would elucidate the answer. – EEE May 25 '12 at 14:56
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although the custom is cited as regional minhag with different variations by several rishonim - some milk and honey etc, (as mentioned above) nevertheless the first to codify it as a minhag for yisrael was the rema in oc 494,3. see here

user1248
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  • great link! excellent article about "korban cheesecake". that author sure has a way with words! – cmb Aug 02 '12 at 17:05