Would such a child (non Jewish) who is adopted and converts inherit any status from his father? Has any posek ruled on this? Is there halacha for this?
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1You mean if his mother was not Jewish and his father was a Kohen? – shmosel Feb 14 '23 at 05:34
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Is the question about conversion or adoption? And why would you think either of them has an effect on one's status as a Kohen? – shmosel Feb 14 '23 at 05:37
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No. Kohen status is patrilinear. See Shulchan Aruch Even HaEzer chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6.
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"Have rabbis ruled on this?" Yes, rabbis have gotten this question before. A lot. In the "bad old days" when people tried to pass off adopted children as biological ones (and the kid themselves often didn't know), the kohen issue was a tricky one. Similarly if dad's a kohen and mom's a convert (or not Jewish at all, but they converted the kids) -- kids are not kohanim, but sometimes the dad wanted to save face and tried pressuring the rabbi. Not a good situation. – Shalom Feb 14 '23 at 10:45
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If Dad’s a kohen and Mom had already converted at the time of birth, then child is a kohen at least for some purposes – JMS Feb 28 '24 at 15:50