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This question focuses on the term "Matan Torah" used everywhere, its practical and factual events (no metaphors, please). Also, this is not about the festival of Shavuos as in this question.

I've heard a lot of metaphorical descriptions of Maamad Har Sinai, like the revelation of G-d Himself, the visions, the voices, the feeling of closeness and oneness. After all the "bells and whistles", if I get it right, what actually happened at Mt Sinai, as Torah itself describes it, is that the Jews had heard/seen the first 2 commandments from G-d and the rest 8 from Moses.

Then the big show was over, everyone returned to their tents and Moses went up to study for 40 days and receive the Luchos in writing. Forty days later the Golden Calf incident happened. Then another forty days of Moses's seclusion, and then he came back on Yom Kippur.

To sum it up - there were the Decalogue and the Luchos, but what I don't see anywhere in this happenings is Matan Torah - the giving of the Torah as I know it - the 5 Books of Moses.

Moreover, the Torah (or NAC"H) doesn't have such a term or a day to celebrate Matan Torah at all, so it is clearly was made much later. Even if we follow the approach that Moses received a full finished Torah scroll after he descended the second time, Yom Kippur should be called Matan Torah.

So: Why the Sinai revelation of the Decalogue (and/on the Luchos) is called "Matan Torah" and who established it?

Loewian
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Al Berko
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    What exactly is your question? Why is Shavuos called Zman Matan Toraseinu? Why the event which took place at Har Sinai on 6 Sivan 2448 is called Matan Torah? What Torah was given on Shavuos? – DonielF May 12 '19 at 01:59
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    I think your question could use some "cleaning", per @DonielF's questions. But, overall, I gather you wonder about what was actually given at Sinai, not as much the actual date. But, to address the 2nd to last par. and the date, we do know what date that was within a date or two. The Torah does specifically state (Shemot Ch. 19, I believe) that they arrived at Sinai at 1 Sivan (or 1st day of 3rd month.) Then there were, I think 2 days of Moshe going up and down the mountain to relay messages to / from Bnai Yisrael, and either 2 or 3 days of preparation. So final date is 6 or 7 Sivan. – DanF May 12 '19 at 02:36
  • Note (which I think you understand, but maybe readers don't) that there is no exact "calendar" date for Shavuot. Prior to the fixed calendar it could have occurred any day from 4 - 7 Sivan (if I've calculated that spread correctly.) – DanF May 12 '19 at 02:38
  • @DonielF I clarified it, why the Decalogue is called Matan Torah? – Al Berko May 12 '19 at 12:27
  • @DanF I narrowed the question down - the only thing they got was the Decalogue. Why and since when it is called Torah (hence Matan Torah)? – Al Berko May 12 '19 at 12:28
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    You assume Torah = 5 books of Moses. No one claimed they received that, especially since it contains things that hadn't happened yet. It means they received the laws of the Torah. Rashi in mishpatim brings that the 613 mitzvos are contained in the 10 commandments. You can say then that in essence when they received the 10 they received the whole Torah. – robev May 12 '19 at 17:13
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    @robev I don't know what to reply, if all the Torah was contained within the Decalogue - why the 5 Books, and how come people didn't know the laws if they received everything on Mt Sinai? – Al Berko May 12 '19 at 20:26
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    The term "Torah", of course, is a rather loosely applied term. In speech, when someone says, "I'm learning Torah" it doesn't necessarily mean the 1st Five Books. Thus, perhaps within the scope of this question, maybe we should focus on what exactly was delivered during the entire period that they were at Sinai (which was quite some time) and not just the day that the Decalogue was given. I.e., I don't think the terminology is as much your concern in this question. If I'm off, please clarify. So, no, at Sinai they didn't just get the Decalogue as I gather. – DanF May 12 '19 at 22:35
  • Offhand, 2 sources that explain a lot of this are 1st Mishnah of Pirkei Avot and end of parshat Mishpatim. I'll see if I can decipher these. It's been a while. – DanF May 12 '19 at 22:38
  • If someone knows what the 613 mitzvos are, they won't have a clue how to perform them. The rest are the details, which they received over time... – robev May 12 '19 at 22:59
  • @robev I'm not following your reasoning. First, the 613 Mitzvot are spread throughout all 5 books. How would someone know what they were without reading all 5 of them? Second, it's a given that by just reading the Torah alone, you still wouldn't know how to perform most mitzvot, and in some cases, you'd perform them completely incorrectly. In practical Jewish law, if I blind you, do you blind me back? Does anyone wear tefillin on his nose? That's why there's an Oral Law to explain the Torah. – DanF May 13 '19 at 01:35
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    @DanF the Jews received the 10 commandments, which allude or include all 613 mitzvos. That's all I'm saying...that's what it means that they received the Torah. – robev May 13 '19 at 03:36
  • Related (Duplicate?): "Why do we refer to Shavuot as the 'time of receiving the Torah' when all that occured was hearing the 10 Commandments"? – Tamir Evan Jun 07 '19 at 03:21
  • @TamirEvan Right you are. – Al Berko Jun 07 '19 at 06:47
  • @Al If it’s a duplicate you can close it yourself, without going through the usual closure system. – DonielF Jun 07 '19 at 14:23

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