Can a Muslim man marry a non-Muslim woman who only believes there is one God?

Question

Can a Muslim man marry a non-Muslim woman who only believes there is one supreme power (God) and doesn't follow any other teachings and agreed to let future children to follow Islam?

Answer 1

No. The general rule is that marrying disbelievers is forbidden.

وَلَا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ

And hold not to marriage bonds with disbelieving women.

_{Quran 60:10}

With an exception specifically for those "given the book before you".

الْيَوْمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ ۖ وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَّكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ ۖ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ

This day [all] good foods have been made lawful, and the food of those who were given the Scripture is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them. And [lawful in marriage are] chaste women from among the believers and chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture before you.

_{Quran 5:5}

So, following the literal meaning, monotheists who don't follow a divine book are not included.