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I want to know the method of calculating Tithi, Vara, Nakshatra, Yoga and Karana AKA Panchanga of a specific day . Does anybody know it?

Update

Please be in mind that I'm not asking any websites/apps for calculating panchanga , but I just want to know the mathematical formula/way of calculating panchanga.

Kiran RS
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  • There is an excellent and free android app called 'Hindu Calendar' with has the calculations for Panchang and all other monthly holy days and festivals. It has a swastika as its symbol when you get the search results in the google play store. – Swami Vishwananda Jul 05 '15 at 11:42
  • Are you looking for a website that gives you this information, or are you looking for a way to calculate the information yourself? – Keshav Srinivasan Jul 05 '15 at 18:51
  • @Keshav Srinivasan - I want to calculate panchanga myself, not any website or any app... – Kiran RS Jul 06 '15 at 03:45
  • @KiranRS Are you looking to find out how to calculate the positions of the stars in the sky, or are you asking to find the Tithi, Vara, Nakshatra, etc. if you already know the astronomical information, or both? – Keshav Srinivasan Jul 06 '15 at 04:21
  • For an example, if I choose the date 2015,July 6, I want to know which Nakshathra is in this date, and the nazhika and vinazhika , thithi/vara of that particular day etc. I don't want know the position of the stars. I just want to know the method of calculation. – Kiran RS Jul 06 '15 at 04:52
  • @KiranRS OK, but you need to know the position of the celestial bodies to calculate Nakshatram and the like. So do you want to know how to calculate Nakshatram, etc. after you have the position of the stars? – Keshav Srinivasan Jul 06 '15 at 07:21
  • Yes, then please give that info too if it is essential for calculating panchanga. – Kiran RS Jul 06 '15 at 08:07
  • It looks like Keshav's question is still not answered. I am also interested to know how end times of Tithis, Nakshatras and Yoga's are computed. I think all Thithis should be of same duration, but looking at Panchanga, it appears that duration of different Tithis vary greatly. I am interested in knowing how end moments/times of Tithis and Nakshatras are computed (Formulas/Algorithm) –  May 09 '16 at 07:45

1 Answers1

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Panchang is a Hindu calendar and almanac, which follows traditional units of Indian timekeeping, and presents important dates and their calculations in a tabulated form. The word Panchang is basically made up of 2 words ie,

  1. Panch (meaning Five)
  2. Ang (meaning Parts)

So, the word 'Panchang' basically refers to a system of calculating and keeping a date into 5 parts. These 5 parts that make up a particular date are:

  1. Tithi
  2. Day
  3. Nakshatra
  4. Yog
  5. Karan

Tithi

The Thithi is calculated with help of position of Sun and Moon in transit.

Tithi = (Moon Longitude - Sun Longitude) / 12 .

If the calculated result is greater than 15, we have to subtract 15 from the result. The net result is Tithi.

TITHI VRIDHI is the tithi present at Sunrise on first day anas well as on the second day.

Day

Seven days of the week are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday & Saturday. In Hindi, they are referred as Ravivaar, Somvaar, Mangalvaar, Buddhvaar, Brihaspativaar/Guruvaar, Shukravaar and Shanivaar resp.

Nakshatras

The 360 degrees zodiac is divided into 27 parts to acheive a single nakshatra i.e. of 13 degrees 20 min. There are 27 Nakshatras, Every nakshatra is further divided into four periods (CHARAN) i.e. 3 degree 20 min. A Rashi consists of Two and a quarter of the Nakshatras.

Calculation of NAKSHATRA Nakshatra = Moon Longitude / 13 deg. 20 min

Yog

There are 27 Yogas named as Vishkumbh, Preeti, Aayushman, Saubhagya, Shobhan, Atigand, Sukarma, Dhriti, Shool, Gand, Vridhi, Dhruv, Vyaghat, Harshan, Vajra, Sidhi, Vyatipat, Variyaan, Parigh, Shiv, Sidh, Sadhya, Shubh, Shukla, Brahm, Ainder and Vaidhriti.

Calculation of YOG : Yog = (Moon Longitude + Sun Longitude) / 13 deg. 20 min

Karan

One tithi consists of two karans. there are total 11 Karan, among them seven Char karans are named as Vav, Valav, Kaulav, Taitil, Gar, Vanij, Vishti. Four are fixed Karans named as Shakuni, Chatushpad, Naag kinstughan.

Calculation of KARAN Karan = (Tithi) / 2

[Source: link]

Btw, if you want to read the in depth explanation of tithi calculation along with calculations regarding solar/lunar eclipses and why these factors are used you can read through this PDF document.

Aby
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  • Can you show some examples with these calculations? Example, take date , 08-july-2015 and show its pachnga with these formulas? Also i need Nazhika of a specific star in a date. Thanks for your effort... :) – Kiran RS Jul 09 '15 at 05:45
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    @Kiran RS, there are various calculations required for getting the sun and moon's position (ie, latitude, longitude) which differs from place to place and time to time. That is a bit difficult to do manually. If you are from software programming background and have knowledge of maths and trigonometry then may be I can provide you some code and you can try understanding that but without that I don't think I will be able to explain more. – Aby Jul 13 '15 at 08:08
  • @Kiran RS, Regarding Nazhika or time calculation for sunrise and sunset, you can refer to this link( but again you will require knowledge of latitude, longitude and trigonometry: http://www.sydneyobservatory.com.au/2007/how-to-calculate-sunrise-and-set-a-worked-example/ – Aby Jul 13 '15 at 08:09
  • @Kiran RS, If you know bit of Software terminology, then you can also go through the following link which explains it very well: http://williams.best.vwh.net/sunrise_sunset_algorithm.htm – Aby Jul 13 '15 at 08:20
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    @KiranRS You may be interested in my answer here, about how astronomical calculations were traditionally done in Vedic astrology: http://hinduism.stackexchange.com/a/958/36 – Keshav Srinivasan Jul 13 '15 at 14:09
  • How to find Moon Longitude? – Aaditya Brahmbhatt Jan 17 '19 at 13:12