There might be a possible answer in the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam Purāṇa
Canto 5: The Creative Impetus » CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX
ŚB 5.26.17
यस्त्विह वै भूतानामीश्वरोपकल्पितवृत्तीनामविविक्तपरव्यथानां स्वयं
पुरुषोपकल्पितवृत्तिर्विविक्तपरव्यथो व्यथामाचरति स परत्रान्धकूपे
तदभिद्रोहेण निपतति तत्र हासौ तैर्जन्तुभि:
पशुमृगपक्षिसरीसृपैर्मशकयूकामत्कुणमक्षिकादिभिर्ये के चाभिद्रुग्धास्तै:
सर्वतोऽभिद्रुह्यमाणस्तमसि विहतनिद्रानिर्वृतिरलब्धावस्थान: परिक्रामति
यथा कुशरीरे जीव: ॥ १७ ॥
Translation
By the arrangement of the Supreme Lord, low-grade living beings like
bugs and mosquitoes suck the blood of human beings and other animals.
Such insignificant creatures are unaware that their bites are painful
to the human being. However, first-class human beings — brāhmaṇas,
kṣatriyas and vaiśyas — are developed in consciousness, and therefore
they know how painful it is to be killed. A human being endowed with
knowledge certainly commits sin if he kills or torments insignificant
creatures, who have no discrimination. The Supreme Lord punishes such
a man by putting him into the hell known as Andhakūpa, where he is
attacked by all the birds and beasts, reptiles, mosquitoes, lice,
worms, flies, and any other creatures he tormented during his life.
They attack him from all sides, robbing him of the pleasure of sleep.
Unable to rest, he constantly wanders about in the darkness. Thus in
Andhakūpa his suffering is just like that of a creature in the lower
species.
If one consciously kills an insect, then that will amount to a sin (big or small whatsoever), but indeed a sin.
In the above verses, the sin of killing an insect seems quite grave with an horrendous description of the resultant hells for the sinner.