Which openings and middle game tactics are highly used when a player utilizes a hypermodern style of gameplay? What particular tactics are most effective when playing hypermodern?
3 Answers
One of the early pioneers, if not the actual founder of the Hypermodern style was Richard Reti, early in the 20th century. An example of this kind of play is his own Reti Opening.
The theory behind this is that center pawns on the fourth rank (or further) can become weak as well as strong. So the idea is to move out knights first, then pawns to the third rank, followed by bishops, etc. Then wait till the opponent commits his pawns to (his) fourth rank (your fifth) before deciding when to move yours to your fourth rank.
An "extreme" example is Alekhine's defense, when Black plays 1... Nf6 in response to 1. e4, to provoke further White advances, and (presuambly), weaknesses. The disadvantage to Black of moving the knight around seems to offset whatever disadvantages White may incur by advancing his pawns. Alekhine's Defense variation, understanding white's overextended pawns, black's multiple early knight moves
But if White opens 1. Nf3, he deters ...e5, and limits Black to playing ...d5 (or ...d6, if he wants to enforce ...e5). Hence, "hypermodern" openings beginning with knight moves seem to work better for White, who has the advantage of the first move. This advantage does give White a number of options, including playing "colors reversed" openings with an extra move that Black doesn't have.
This website does a good job of explaining some principles:
http://www.wikihow.com/Play-Hyper-Modern-Chess
as well as this piece by Eric Schiller:
http://www.ericschiller.com/pdf/HypermodernChessOpeningStrategy.pdf
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Richard Reti's book 'Modern Ideas in Chess' can be read in full here.
It is an amazing book!
Disclaimer: I am among the authors of the site ;)
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Thanks @EdDean. Unluckily the second book is taking ages... I am too busy with day job. – eolo999 Nov 15 '13 at 09:01
Carsten Hansen wrote of Schiller's book on the Frankenstein-Dracula Variation of the Vienna Game that it was the worst book that he had ever seen. (from his wikipedia)
Don't read anything by Eric Schiller. And don't use wikihow to learn how to play chess.
– Aushin May 05 '12 at 14:11