Glycohemoglobin HbA1C Hemoglobin A1C test <p>A1C is a blood test for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a>. It measures your average blood glucose, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a>, level over the past 3 months. Doctors may use the A1C alone or in combination with other diabetes tests to make a diagnosis. They also use the A1C to see how well you are managing your diabetes. This test is different from the blood sugar checks that people with diabetes do every day.</p> <p>Your A1C test result is given in percentages. The higher the percentage, the higher your blood sugar levels have been:</p> <ul> <li>A normal A1C level is below 5.7%</li> <li>Prediabetes is between 5.7 to 6.4%. Having prediabetes is a risk factor for getting type 2 diabetes. People with prediabetes may need retests every year.</li> <li>Type 2 diabetes is above 6.5%</li> <li>If you have diabetes, you should have the A1C test at least twice a year. The A1C goal for many people with diabetes is below 7. It may be different for you. Ask what your goal should be. If your A1C result is too high, you may need to change your diabetes care plan.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Diagnostic Tests Diabetes Mellitus Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) Glycated Hemoglobin Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Hemoglobin A1c Learn More American Diabetes Association Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Learn More American Diabetes Association Bellyache <p>Your abdomen extends from below your chest to your groin. Some people call it the stomach, but your abdomen contains many other important organs. Pain in the abdomen can come from any one of them. The pain may start somewhere else, such as your chest. Severe pain doesn't always mean a serious problem. Nor does mild pain mean a problem is not serious. </p> <p>Call your health care provider if mild pain lasts a week or more or if you have pain with other symptoms. Get medical help immediately if:</p><ul> <li> You have abdominal pain that is sudden and sharp</li> <li>You also have pain in your chest, neck or shoulder </li> <li> You're vomiting blood or have blood in your stool </li> <li> Your abdomen is stiff, hard and tender to touch </li> <li>You can't move your bowels, especially if you're also vomiting </li> </ul> Digestive System Symptoms Dolor abdominal Abdominal Pain Spanish Indigestion Pain Pelvic Pain Bellyache Pain, Abdominal Stomach Ache Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here American College of Gastroenterology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Children Nemours Foundation Induced Abortion <p>An induced abortion is a procedure to end a pregnancy. It can be done two different ways:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007382.htm">Medication abortion</a> (also called medical abortion)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002912.htm">Procedural abortion</a></li> </ul> <p>An induced abortion is different from a spontaneous abortion. That is the loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week of pregnancy. It is more commonly known as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html">miscarriage</a>.</p> <p>If you are thinking of having an induced abortion, talk with your health care provider. Your provider can explain how the procedures are done, as well as the risks and benefits of each.</p> Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Aborto Abortion, Induced Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hindi Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Department of Health and Human Services Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Journal Articles Learn More Food and Drug Administration Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Aborto terapéutico Interrupción del embarazo <p>Un aborto inducido es un procedimiento para terminar un embarazo. Se puede hacer de dos maneras diferentes:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/007382.htm">Aborto con medicamentos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/002912.htm">Aborto quirúrgico</a></li> </ul> <p>Un aborto inducido es diferente de un aborto espontáneo. Es la pérdida de un embarazo antes de la semana 20 de embarazo. Se le conoce más comúnmente como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html">pérdida del embarazo</a>.</p> <p>Si está pensando en hacerse un aborto inducido, hable con su profesional de la salud. Su proveedor puede explicarle cómo se realizan los procedimientos, así como los riesgos y beneficios de cada tipo.</p> Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Abortion Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Un absceso es una cavidad donde se acumula pus. Se puede tener abscesos en casi cualquier parte del cuerpo. Cuando un área se infecta, el sistema inmunitario intenta combatir la infección. Los glóbulos blancos se dirigen hacia el área infectada, se acumulan dentro del tejido lesionado y causan inflamación. Durante este proceso se forma el pus. El pus es una mezcla de células sanguíneas blancas, gérmenes y tejido muerto.</p> <p>Las bacterias, los virus, los parásitos y objetos ingeridos pueden causar la formación de abscesos. Los abscesos en la piel son fáciles de detectar porque son zonas enrojecidas, hinchadas y dolorosas. Los que se encuentran dentro del cuerpo pueden quizá no ser obvios y pueden lesionar órganos, incluso el cerebro, los pulmones y otros. Los tratamientos incluyen drenarlos y tomar antibióticos. </p> Infecciones Abscess Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>An abscess is a pocket of pus. You can get an abscess almost anywhere in your body. When an area of your body becomes infected, your body's immune system tries to fight the infection. White blood cells go to the infected area, collect within the damaged tissue, and cause inflammation. During this process, pus forms. Pus is a mixture of living and dead white blood cells, germs, and dead tissue. </p> <p>Bacteria, viruses, parasites and swallowed objects can all lead to abscesses. Skin abscesses are easy to detect. They are red, raised and painful. Abscesses inside your body may not be obvious and can damage organs, including the brain, lungs and others. Treatments include drainage and antibiotics. </p> Infections Abscesos Abscess Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children VisualDX Start Here VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Video Abuso y negligencia hacia las personas mayores Maltrato al adulto mayor <p>Muchos adultos mayores son víctimas de abusos. Este maltrato a una persona mayor es por lo general de parte de un cuidador. Puede ocurrir dentro de la familia. También puede ocurrir en centros especiales o residencias para adultos mayores.</p> <p>El maltrato puede ser:</p> <ul> <li> Abuso físico, sexual y emocional </li> <li>Negligencia o abandono </li> <li> Abuso financiero: El robo de dinero o pertenencias</li> </ul> <p>Posibles signos de maltrato a personas mayores incluyen moretones inexplicables, quemaduras y lesiones. También pueden haber úlceras por presión y falta de higiene. La persona puede parecer ausente, agitada y deprimida. Puede haber un cambio repentino en la situación financiera de la persona.</p> <p>El abuso de personas mayores no se detendrá por sí solo. Alguien tiene que intervenir y ayudar. Si usted piensa que una persona mayor se encuentra en peligro, llame al 911. De lo contrario, contacte a los servicios de protección para adultos.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</p> Personas mayores Lesiones y heridas Asuntos sociales y familiares Elder Abuse Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Violencia en la pareja Abuso del anciano Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Merck & Co., Inc. Abuso sexual de niños <p>El abuso sexual de menores es una forma de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html">maltrato al menor</a>. Incluye un amplio espectro de acciones entre un niño y un adulto, o con niños mayores. Con frecuencia, aunque no siempre, implica un contacto físico. Exhibir sus órganos genitales ante un niño o presionar a un niño a tener relaciones sexuales, es abuso sexual contra el menor. Utilizar niños en pornografía también es abuso sexual contra los menores.</p> <p>La mayoría de los abusadores conocen al niño de quien abusan. Pueden ser amistades de la familia, vecinos o cuidadores de niños. Casi una tercera parte de los abusadores tienen un parentesco con los niños. La mayoría de los abusadores son hombres. Si cree que un niño puede haber sufrido un abuso, es importante que lo denuncie.</p> Niños y adolescentes Asuntos de salud sexual Child Sexual Abuse Maltrato al menor Chicos, Abuso sexual de Niños, Abuso sexual de Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Infografía Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia ACV Accidente cerebral Apoplejía Ataque cerebral Derrame cerebral Infarto cerebral <h3>¿Qué es un accidente cerebrovascular?</h3> <p>Un accidente cerebrovascular o ataque cerebral sucede cuando se detiene el flujo sanguíneo a parte del cerebro. Al no poder recibir el oxígeno y nutrientes que necesitan, las células cerebrales comienzan a morir en minutos. Esto puede causar un daño severo al cerebro, discapacidad permanente e incluso la muerte.</p> <p>Si piensa que usted o alguien está sufriendo un ataque cerebral, llame al 911 de inmediato. El tratamiento oportuno puede salvar una vida y aumentar la posibilidad de una rehabilitación y recuperación exitosa. </p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de accidentes cerebrovasculares?</h3> <p>Hay dos tipos de ataques cerebrales:</p> <ul> <li>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular isquémico</a> es causado por un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulo de sangre</a> que bloquea o tapa un vaso sanguíneo en el cerebro. Es el tipo más común, un 80% de los ataques cerebrales son isquémicos</li> <li>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico</a> es causado por un vaso sanguíneo que se rompe y sangra en el cerebro</li> </ul> <p>Otra afección similar a un ataque cerebral es el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html">ataque isquémico transitorio</a>. A veces, se le llama "mini derrame". Sucede cuando la irrigación sanguínea al cerebro es bloqueada por poco tiempo. Si bien el daño a las células cerebrales no es permanente, lo coloca en mayor riesgo de sufrir un accidente cerebrovascular.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener un accidente cerebrovascular?</h3> <p>Algunos factores aumentan su riesgo de tener un accidente cerebrovascular. Los mayores factores de riesgo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial alta</a></strong>: El principal factor de riesgo de los accidentes cerebrovasculares</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">Enfermedades del corazón</a></strong>: La fibrilación auricular y otras afecciones cardiacas puede provocar coágulos de sangre que conduzcan a un ataque cerebral</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a></strong>: El tabaquismo daña sus vasos sanguíneos y aumenta su presión arterial</li> <li><strong>Historia clínica o familiar de accidente cerebrovascular o ataque isquémico transitorio</strong></li> <li><strong>Edad</strong>: Su riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece</li> <li><strong>Raza y etnicidad</strong>: Los afroamericanos tienen un riesgo mayor de ataques cerebrales</li> </ul> <p>Otros factores de riesgo relacionados incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Uso de alcohol y drogas ilegales</li> <li>No hacer suficiente ejercicio</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">Colesterol alto</a></li> <li>Dieta poco saludable</li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un accidente cerebrovascular?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del accidente cerebrovascular ocurren a menudo rápidamente. Estos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Entumecimiento o debilidad repentina de la cara, brazo o la pierna (especialmente a un lado del cuerpo)</li> <li>Confusión repentina, dificultad para hablar o para entender el habla</li> <li>Problemas repentinos para ver con uno o ambos ojos</li> <li>Dificultad repentina para caminar, mareos, pérdida del equilibrio o coordinación</li> <li>Dolor de cabeza severo y repentino sin causa conocida</li> </ul> <p>Si cree que usted o alguien más está sufriendo un ataque cerebral, llame al 911 de inmediato.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los accidentes cerebrovasculares?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntar por sus síntomas e historia clínica</li> <li>Hacer un examen físico, incluyendo una revisión de:</li> <ul> <li>Su estado de alerta mental</li> <li>Su coordinación y equilibrio</li> <li>Cualquier entumecimiento o debilidad en su cara, brazos y piernas</li> <li>Cualquier problema para hablar y ver en forma clara</li> </ul> <li>Pedir algunas pruebas, que pueden incluir:</li> <ul> <li>Imágenes del cerebro: Como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">Pruebas del corazón</a>: Pueden ayudar a detectar problemas cardíacos o coágulos de sangre que pueden haber conducido a un ataque cerebral. Pueden incluir un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/">electrocardiograma</a> y una ecocardiografía</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos de un accidente cerebrovascular?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para el accidente cerebrovascular incluyen medicamentos, cirugía y rehabilitación. Los tratamientos que reciba dependen del tipo de accidente cerebrovascular y de la etapa del tratamiento. Las diferentes etapas son:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Tratamiento de emergencia</strong>: Trata de detener un accidente cerebrovascular mientras está ocurriendo</li> <li><strong>Rehabilitación después del accidente cerebrovascular</strong>: Busca superar las discapacidades causadas por el accidente cerebrovascular</li> <li><strong>Prevención</strong>: Busca prevenir un primer derrame cerebral o, si ya lo ha tenido, prevenir que ocurra otro </li></ul> <p>Los tratamientos de emergencia para el accidente cerebrovascular isquémico suelen utilizar medicamentos:</p> <ul> <li>Puede recibir t-PA, (activador tisular del plasminógeno), un medicamento para disolver el coágulo de sangre. Solo puede obtener este medicamento dentro de las 4 horas posteriores al inicio de los síntomas. Cuanto antes pueda tomarlo, mayores serán sus posibilidades de recuperación</li> <li>Si no puede tomar ese medicamento, puede obtener otro que ayude a evitar que las plaquetas se agrupen para formar coágulos de sangre. O puede recibir un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">anticoagulante</a> para evitar que los coágulos existentes crezcan</li> <li>Si tiene enfermedad de la arteria carótida, es posible que también necesite un procedimiento para abrir la arteria carótida bloqueada</li> </ul> <p>Los tratamientos de emergencia para el accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico se centran en detener el sangrado. El primer paso es encontrar la causa del sangrado en el cerebro. El siguiente paso es controlarlo:</p> <ul> <li>Si la presión arterial alta es la causa del sangrado, es posible que le administren <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicinas para la presión arterial</a></li> <li>Si un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html">aneurisma</a> es la causa, es posible que necesite un clipaje (colocación de grapas) del aneurisma o una embolización con espiral. Estas cirugías sirven para prevenir una mayor filtración de sangre del aneurisma. También puede ayudar a prevenir que el aneurisma vuelva a romperse</li> <li>Si una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arteriovenousmalformations.html">malformación arteriovenosa</a> es la causa de un accidente cerebrovascular, es posible que necesite repararla. Una malformación arteriovenosa es una maraña de arterias y venas defectuosas que pueden romperse dentro del cerebro. Una reparación de malformaciones arteriovenosas puede consistir en:</li> <ul> <li>Cirugía</li> <li>Inyectar una sustancia en los vasos sanguíneos de la malformación para bloquear el flujo sanguíneo</li> <li>Radiación para encoger los vasos sanguíneos de la malformación</li> </ul> </ul> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/strokerehabilitation.html">rehabilitación posterior al ataque cerebral</a> puede ayudarle a volver a aprender las habilidades que perdió por los daños causados. El objetivo es tratar de volver a ser lo más independiente posible y tener una mejor calidad de vida.</p> <p>La prevención de un nuevo accidente cerebrovascular también es importante, ya que tener uno aumenta el riesgo de sufrir otro. La prevención puede incluir cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón y medicamentos.</p> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir los accidentes cerebrovasculares?</h3> <p>Si ya ha tenido un accidente cerebrovascular o está en riesgo de tener uno y quiere prevenirlo en el futuro, puede hacer algunos cambios saludables en su estilo de vida al:</p> <ul> <li>Comer una dieta saludable para el corazón</li> <li>Lograr un peso saludable</li> <li>Manejar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a></li> <li>Hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física regular</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">Dejar de fumar</a></li> <li>Controlar su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a> y los niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html">colesterol</a></li> </ul> <p>Si estos cambios no son suficientes, es posible que necesite medicamentos para controlar sus factores de riesgo.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Personas mayores Sangre, corazón y circulación Cerebro y nervios Stroke Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico Afasia Ataque isquémico transitorio Ateroesclerosis Recuperación de un ataque cerebral ACV Apoplejía Cerebrovascular, Enfermedad Derrame cerebral Embolia Endarterectomía carotídia Enfermedad cerebrovascular Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Mujeres Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Accidente cerebral hemorrágico Ataque cerebral hemorrágico Derrame cerebral hemorrágico <p>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">ataque cerebral</a> (también llamado apoplejía) es una emergencia médica. Hay dos tipos: <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html">isquémico</a> y hemorrágico. El accidente cerebral hemorrágico es el tipo menos común. Ocurre cuando un vaso sanguíneo se rompe y sangra dentro del cerebro. En cuestión de minutos, las células del cerebro comienzan a morir. Las causas incluyen un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html">aneurisma</a> hemorrágico, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arteriovenousmalformations.html">malformación arteriovenosa</a> o la rotura de una pared arterial.</p> <p>Los síntomas de un derrame cerebral son:</p> <ul> <li>Entumecimiento o debilidad repentina de la cara, brazo o pierna (especialmente en un lado del cuerpo)</li> <li>Confusión repentina, dificultad para hablar o entender el lenguaje</li> <li>Dificultad repentina para ver con uno o ambos ojos</li> <li>Problemas para caminar repentina, mareos, pérdida de equilibrio o coordinación</li> <li>Dolor de cabeza severo repentino sin causa conocida</li> </ul> <p>Es importante tratar los ataques cerebrales lo más rápido posible. En un accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico, los primeros pasos consisten en encontrar la causa del sangrado en el cerebro y luego controlarlo. Se puede necesitar cirugía. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/strokerehabilitation.html">rehabilitación tras un accidente cerebrovascular</a> puede ayudar a las personas a superar las discapacidades causadas por la apoplejía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Cerebro y nervios Hemorrhagic Stroke Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Accidente cerebral isquémico Ataque isquémico Ictus isquémico Infarto cerebral isquémico <p>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">ataque cerebral</a> es una emergencia médica. Hay dos tipos: Isquémico y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html">hemorrágico</a>. El ataque cerebral isquémico es el tipo más común. En general, es causado por un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulo sanguíneo</a> que bloquea o tapa un vaso sanguíneo en el cerebro. Esto evita que la sangre fluya hacia éste órgano. En cuestión de minutos, las células del cerebro comienzan a morir. Otra causa es la estenosis o estrechamiento arterial. Esto puede suceder debido a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">aterosclerosis</a>, una enfermedad en la que se acumula placa en las arterias. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html">ataques isquémicos transitorios</a> se producen cuando la sangre no llega al cerebro por unos instantes. Tener un ataque isquémico transitorio puede significar que usted está en riesgo de sufrir un derrame cerebral más grave.</p> <p>Los síntomas de un derrame cerebral son:</p> <ul> <li>Entumecimiento o debilidad repentina de la cara, brazo o pierna (especialmente en un lado del cuerpo)</li> <li>Confusión repentina, dificultad para hablar o entender el lenguaje</li> <li>Dificultad repentina para ver con uno o ambos ojos</li> <li>Problemas para caminar repentino, mareos, pérdida de equilibrio o coordinación</li> <li>Dolor de cabeza severo repentino sin causa conocida</li> </ul> <p>Es importante tratar los ataques cerebrales lo más rápido posible. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">anticoagulantes</a> pueden usarse para detener un derrame cerebral mientras está ocurriendo, disolviendo en forma rápida el coágulo de sangre. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/strokerehabilitation.html">rehabilitación tras un accidente cerebrovascular</a> puede ayudar a las personas a superar las discapacidades causadas por la apoplejía, o ataque cerebral.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Cerebro y nervios Ischemic Stroke Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Más información Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Agruras Pirosis <p>La acidez es una sensación de ardor dolorosa en el pecho o la garganta. Ocurre cuando el ácido del estómago regresa hacia el esófago, el tubo que transporta la comida desde la boca hacia el estómago. </p> <p>Si tiene acidez más de dos veces por semana, es posible que tenga <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico</a> (ERGE), aunque es posible que sufra de ERGE aún sin tener acidez estomacal. </p> <p>El embarazo, algunos alimentos, las bebidas alcohólicas y algunas medicinas pueden provocar acidez. El tratamiento de la acidez es importante porque con el transcurso del tiempo, el reflujo puede dañar el esófago. Las medicinas sin receta médica pueden ayudar. Si la acidez persiste, es posible que necesite medicinas con receta médica o una cirugía. </p> <p>Si usted, además, tiene otros síntomas, como un dolor opresivo en el pecho, podría tratarse de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">infarto</a> (ataque al corazón). Busque ayuda de inmediato.</p> Sistema digestivo Síntomas Heartburn Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Reflujo gastroesofágico Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Pimples Zits <p>Acne is a common skin disease that causes pimples. Pimples form when hair follicles under your skin clog up. Most pimples form on the face, neck, back, chest, and shoulders. Anyone can get acne, but it is common in teenagers and young adults. It is not serious, but it can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scars.html">scars</a>.</p> <p>No one knows exactly what causes acne. Hormone changes, such as those during the teenage years and pregnancy, probably play a role. There are many myths about what causes acne. Chocolate and greasy foods are often blamed, but there is little evidence that foods have much effect on acne in most people. Another common myth is that dirty skin causes acne; however, blackheads and pimples are not caused by dirt. Stress doesn't cause acne, but stress can make it worse.</p> <p>If you have acne:</p><ul> <li> Clean your skin gently </li> <li> Try not to touch your skin </li> <li> Avoid the sun </li> </ul> <p>Treatments for acne include medicines and creams.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Acné Acne Vulgaris Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Korean Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Hidradenitis Suppurativa Rosacea Pimples Zits Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Images VisualDX Related Issues American Academy of Dermatology Living With American Academy of Dermatology Video Children VisualDX Teenagers Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Women March of Dimes Foundation Video Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Barros Espinillas Granitos <p>El acné es una enfermedad común de la piel que provoca espinillas (granos). Las espinillas se forman cuando los folículos pilosos que se encuentran debajo de la piel se tapan. La mayoría de las espinillas aparecen en el rostro, el cuello, la espalda, el pecho y los hombros. Cualquier persona puede tener acné, pero es común en los adolescentes y los adultos jóvenes. No es grave, pero puede dejar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scars.html">cicatrices</a>.</p> <p>Nadie sabe exactamente cuál es la causa del acné. Es probable que los cambios hormonales, tales como los que ocurren en la adolescencia o el embarazo, tengan alguna relación con su aparición. Existen muchos mitos acerca de las causas del acné. Con frecuencia se culpa al chocolate y las comidas grasosas, pero en la mayoría de los casos hay pocas evidencias de que la comida tenga algún efecto sobre el acné. Otra creencia común es que la piel sucia puede favorecer el acné; sin embargo, los puntos negros y las espinillas no son producto de la suciedad. El estrés no produce acné, pero puede empeorarlo.</p> <p>Si tiene acné:</p><ul> <li> Limpie su piel con suavidad</li> <li> Intente no tocarse la piel</li> <li> Evite el sol</li> </ul> <p>Los tratamientos para el acné incluyen medicamentos y cremas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Acne Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Rosácea Granitos Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Acoustic neurilemmoma Acoustic neurinoma Auditory tumor Vestibular schwannoma <p>An acoustic neuroma is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html">benign tumor</a> that develops on the nerve that connects the ear to the brain. The tumor usually grows slowly. As it grows, it presses against the hearing and balance nerves. At first, you may have no symptoms or mild symptoms. They can include:</p><ul> <li> Loss of hearing on one side </li> <li> Ringing in ears</li> <li> Dizziness and balance problems</li> </ul> <p>The tumor can also eventually cause numbness or paralysis of the face. If it grows large enough, it can press against the brain, becoming life-threatening.</p> <p>Acoustic neuroma can be difficult to diagnose, because the symptoms are similar to those of middle ear problems. Ear exams, hearing tests, and scans can show if you have it.</p> <p>If the tumor stays small, you may only need to have it checked regularly. If you do need treatment, surgery and radiation are options.</p> <p>If the tumors affect both hearing nerves, it is often because of a genetic disorder called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurofibromatosis.html">neurofibromatosis</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Communication Disorders</p> Brain and Nerves Ear, Nose and Throat Neuroma acústico Neuroma, Acoustic Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Neurofibromatosis Auditory Tumor Neuroma, Acoustic Vestibular Schwannoma Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Acoustic Neuroma Association Video Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Acoustic Neuroma Association Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Health Check Tools National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Reference Desk National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms Acoustic Neuroma Association Treatments and Therapies Acoustic Neuroma Association Related Issues Acoustic Neuroma Association Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Start Here Acoustic Neuroma Association Diagnosis and Tests Harvard Medical School <p>Acupuncture has been practiced in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years. Acupuncture involves stimulating specific points on the body. This is most often done by inserting thin needles through the skin, to cause a change in the physical functions of the body.</p> <p>Research has shown that acupuncture reduces nausea and vomiting after surgery and chemotherapy. It can also relieve pain. Researchers don't fully understand how acupuncture works. It might aid the activity of your body's pain-killing chemicals. It also might affect how you release chemicals that regulate blood pressure and flow.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</p> Complementary and Alternative Therapies Acupuntura Acupuncture Therapy Spanish National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Learn More National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Learn More National Cancer Institute NIH Learn More Boston Children's Hospital Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Learn More National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Learn More National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Journal Articles <p>La acupuntura se ha practicado en China y en otros países asiáticos por miles de años. Es una práctica que implica estimular partes específicas del cuerpo, generalmente, mediante la inserción de agujas muy finas. Esto crea un cambio en las funciones físicas del cuerpo. </p> <p>Las investigaciones han demostrado que la acupuntura reduce las náuseas y los vómitos después de una cirugía y quimioterapia. También puede aliviar el dolor. Los investigadores no comprenden en su totalidad el efecto de la acupuntura pero se cree que podría ayudar a la actividad de los químicos que alivian el dolor del cuerpo. También podría afectar la manera en la que se liberan las sustancias químicas que regulan la presión arterial y el flujo de la sangre. </p> <p class="">NIH: Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral </p> Terapias complementarias y alternativas Acupuncture Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Médica Americana PDF Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs. It causes a cough that often brings up mucus. It can also cause shortness of breath, wheezing, a low fever, and chest tightness. There are two main types of bronchitis: acute and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html">chronic</a>.</p> <p>Most cases of acute bronchitis get better within several days. But your cough can last for several weeks after the infection is gone.</p> <p>The same viruses that cause colds and the flu often cause acute bronchitis. These viruses spread through the air when people cough, or though physical contact (for example, on unwashed hands). Being exposed to tobacco smoke, air pollution, dusts, vapors, and fumes can also cause acute bronchitis. Less often, bacteria can also cause acute bronchitis.</p> <p>To diagnose acute bronchitis, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and listen to your breathing. You may also have other tests.</p> <p>Treatments include rest, fluids, and aspirin (for adults) or acetaminophen to treat fever. A humidifier or steam can also help. You may need inhaled medicine to open your airways if you are wheezing. Antibiotics won't help if the cause is viral. You may get antibiotics if the cause is bacterial.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Infections Lungs and Breathing Bronquitis aguda Bronchitis Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Common Cold Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Bronchitis Start Here American Lung Association Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Lung Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Lung Association Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH AFM <h3>What is acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)?</h3> <p>Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">neurologic disease</a>. It is rare, but serious. It affects an area of the spinal cord called gray matter. This can cause the muscles and reflexes in the body to become weak.</p> <p>Because of these symptoms, some people call AFM a "polio-like" illness. But it is different from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html">polio</a>. AFM is not caused by polioviruses.</p> <h3>What causes acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)?</h3> <p>AFM can be caused by several different viruses. Researchers think that enteroviruses have been causing the recent increases in the number of children with AFM. AFM can also be caused by other viruses, including flaviviruses, herpesviruses, and adenoviruses.</p> <p>Most people with AFM had a mild respiratory illness or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a> (like you would get from a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viral infection</a>) before they got AFM.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)?</h3> <p>Anyone can get AFM, but most cases (more than 90%) have been in young children.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)?</h3> <p>Most people with AFM will suddenly have:</p><ul> <li>Arm or leg weakness</li> <li>A loss of muscle tone and reflexes</li> </ul> <p>Some people also have other symptoms, including:</p><ul> <li>Facial drooping/weakness</li> <li>Trouble moving the eyes</li> <li>Drooping eyelids</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">Trouble swallowing</a></li> <li>Slurred speech</li> <li>Pain in the arms, legs, back, or neck</li> </ul> <p>Sometimes AFM can weaken the muscles that you need for breathing. This can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html">respiratory failure</a>, which is very serious. If you get respiratory failure, you may need to use a ventilator (breathing machine) to help you breathe.</p> <p>If you or your child develops any of these symptoms, get medical care right away.</p> <h3>How is acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) diagnosed?</h3> <p>AFM causes many of the same symptoms as other neurologic diseases, such as transverse myelitis and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/guillainbarresyndrome.html">Guillain-Barre syndrome</a>. This can make it difficult to diagnose. To find out if you have AFM, your doctor may use: </p><ul> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/">neurologic exam</a>, including looking at where there is weakness, poor muscle tone, and decreased reflexes</li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a> to look at the spinal cord and brain</li> <li>Lab tests on the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/">cerebrospinal fluid</a> (the fluid around the brain and spinal cord)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/ ">Nerve conduction and electromyography (EMG) studies</a>. These tests check nerve speed and the response of muscles to the messages from the nerves. </li> </ul> <p>It is important that the tests are done as soon as possible after the symptoms start.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)?</h3> <p>There is no specific treatment for AFM. A doctor who specializes in treating brain and spinal cord illnesses (neurologist) may recommend treatments for specific symptoms. For example, physical and/or occupational therapy may help with arm or leg weakness. Researchers do not know the long-term outcomes of people who get AFM.</p> <h3>Can acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) be prevented?</h3> <p>There is no specific way to prevent AFM. But you can take steps to prevent getting sick from a virus by:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">Washing your hands</a> often with soap and water</li> <li>Avoiding touching your face with unwashed hands</li> <li>Avoiding close contact with people who are sick</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">Cleaning and disinfecting</a> surfaces that you frequently touch, including toys</li> <li>Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or upper shirt sleeve, not hands</li> <li>Staying home when sick</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Children and Teenagers Infections Brain and Nerves Mielitis flácida aguda Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ALL Acute lymphoblastic leukemia <h3>What is leukemia?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html">Leukemia</a> is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:</p><ul> <li>White blood cells help your body fight infection</li> <li>Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html">Platelets</a> help form clots to stop bleeding</li> </ul> <p>When you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.</p> <h3>What is acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?</h3> <p>Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a type of acute leukemia. It's also called ALL and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. "Acute" means that it usually gets worse quickly if it's not treated. ALL is the most common type of cancer in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html">children</a>. It can also affect adults.</p> <p>In ALL, the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. These cells normally help your body fight infection. But in ALL, they are abnormal and cannot fight infection very well. They also crowd out the healthy cells, which can lead to infection, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>, and easy bleeding. These abnormal cells can also spread to other parts of the body, including the brain and spinal cord.</p> <h3>What causes acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?</h3> <p>ALL happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown. However, there are certain factors that raise your risk of ALL.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?</h3> <p>The factors that raise your risk of ALL include:</p><ul> <li>Being male</li> <li>Being white</li> <li>Being over age 70</li> <li>Having had <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation therapy</a></li> <li>Having been exposed to high levels of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html">radiation</a></li> <li>Having certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic disorders</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html">Down syndrome</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?</h3> <p>The signs and symptoms of ALL include:</p><ul> <li>Weakness or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">feeling tired</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a> or night sweats</li> <li>Easy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html">bruising</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html">bleeding</a></li> <li>Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a></li> <li>Weight loss or loss of appetite</li> <li>Pain in the bones or stomach</li> <li>Pain or feeling of fullness below the ribs</li> <li>Swollen lymph nodes - you may notice them as painless lumps in the neck, underarm, stomach, or groin</li> <li>Having had many infections</li> </ul> <h3>How is acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose ALL and figure out which subtype you have:</p><ul> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>A medical history</li> <li>Blood tests, such as <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">Complete blood count (CBC) with differential</a></li> <li>Blood chemistry tests such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/basic-metabolic-panel-bmp/">basic metabolic panel (BMP)</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/comprehensive-metabolic-panel-cmp/">comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">kidney function tests</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">liver function tests</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrolyte-panel/">electrolyte panel</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-smear/">Blood smear</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/">Bone marrow tests</a>. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">Genetic tests</a> to look for gene and chromosome changes</li> </ul> <p>If you are diagnosed with ALL, you may have additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a> and a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/">lumbar puncture</a>, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).</p> <h3>What are the treatments for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?</h3> <p>Treatments for ALL include:</p><ul> <li>Chemotherapy</li> <li>Radiation therapy</li> <li>Chemotherapy with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">stem cell transplant</a></li> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells</li> </ul> <p>Treatment is usually done in two phases:</p><ul> <li>The goal of the first phase is to kill the leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. This treatment puts the leukemia into remission. Remission means that the signs and symptoms of cancer are reduced or have disappeared.</li> <li>The second phase is known as post-remission therapy. Its goal is to prevent a relapse (return) of the cancer. It involves killing any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow.</li> </ul> <p>Treatment during both phases also usually includes central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis therapy. This therapy helps prevent the spread of leukemia cells to the brain and spinal cord. It may be high dose chemotherapy or chemotherapy injected into the spinal cord. It also sometimes includes radiation therapy.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Blood, Heart and Circulation Immune System Leucemia linfocítica aguda Leukemia, Lymphoid Spanish National Cancer Institute Acute Myeloid Leukemia Childhood Leukemia Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Leukemia ALL Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Lymphocytic Start Here National Marrow Donor Program Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Find an Expert Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society AML ANLL Acute myelogenous leukemia <h3>What is leukemia?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html">Leukemia</a> is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:</p><ul> <li>White blood cells help your body fight infection</li> <li>Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html">Platelets</a> help form clots to stop bleeding</li> </ul> <p>When you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.</p> <h3>What is acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?</h3> <p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of acute leukemia. "Acute" means that the leukemia usually gets worse quickly if it's not treated. In AML, the bone marrow makes abnormal myeloblasts (a type of white blood cell), red blood cells, or platelets. When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>, and easy bleeding. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body.</p> <p>There are several different subtypes of AML. The subtypes are based on how developed the cancer cells are when you get your diagnosis and how different they are from normal cells.</p> <h3>What causes acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?</h3> <p>AML happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown. However, there are certain factors that raise your risk of AML.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?</h3> <p>The factors that raise your risk of AML include:</p><ul> <li>Being male</li> <li>Smoking, especially after age 60</li> <li>Having had <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation therapy</a></li> <li>Treatment for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html">acute lymphoblastic leukemia</a> (ALL) as a child</li> <li>Exposure to the chemical benzene</li> <li>A history of another blood disorder such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html">myelodysplastic syndrome</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?</h3> <p>The signs and symptoms of AML include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a></li> <li>Easy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html">bruising</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html">bleeding</a></li> <li>Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.</li> <li>Weakness or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">feeling tired</a></li> <li>Weight loss or loss of appetite</li> <li>Bone or joint pain, if the abnormal cells build up near or inside the bones</li> </ul> <h3>How is acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose AML and figure out which subtype you have:</p><ul> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>A medical history</li> <li>Blood tests, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">complete blood count (CBC)</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-smear/">blood smear</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/">Bone marrow tests</a>. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">Genetic tests</a> to look for gene and chromosome changes</li> </ul> <p>If you are diagnosed with AML, you may have additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a> and a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/">lumbar puncture</a>, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).</p> <h3>What are the treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?</h3> <p>Treatments for AML include:</p><ul> <li>Chemotherapy</li> <li>Radiation therapy</li> <li>Chemotherapy with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">stem cell transplant</a></li> <li>Other anticancer medicines</li> </ul> <p>Which treatment you get often depends on which subtype of AML you have. Treatment is usually done in two phases:</p><ul> <li>The goal of the first phase is to kill the leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. This puts the leukemia into remission. Remission means that the signs and symptoms of cancer are reduced or have disappeared.</li> <li>The second phase is known as post-remission therapy. Its goal is to prevent a relapse (return) of the cancer. It involves killing any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Blood, Heart and Circulation Leucemia mielógena aguda Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Spanish National Cancer Institute Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Childhood Leukemia Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Leukemia AML Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Leukemia, Myeloblastic, Acute Leukemia, Myelogenous, Acute Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Start Here Leukemia & Lymphoma Society PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Find an Expert Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Genetics American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Adrenal insufficiency Adrenocortical hypofunction Hypocortisolism <p>Your adrenal glands are just above your kidneys. The outside layer of these glands makes hormones that help your body respond to stress and regulate your blood pressure and water and salt balance. Addison disease happens if the adrenal glands don't make enough of these hormones.</p> <p>A problem with your immune system usually causes Addison disease. The immune system mistakenly attacks your own tissues, damaging your adrenal glands. Other causes include infections and cancer.</p> <p>Symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Weight loss </li> <li>Muscle weakness </li> <li>Fatigue that gets worse over time </li> <li>Low blood pressure </li> <li>Patchy or dark skin </li> </ul> <p>Lab tests can confirm that you have Addison disease. If you don't treat it, it can be fatal. You will need to take hormone pills for the rest of your life. If you have Addison disease, you should carry an emergency ID. It should say that you have the disease, list your medicines and say how much you need in an emergency.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Immune System Endocrine System Enfermedad de Addison Addison Disease Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Adrenal Gland Disorders Adrenal Insufficiency Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Symptoms Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Endocrine Society Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Endocrine Society Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Vegetaciones adenoides <strong>¿Qué son las adenoides? </strong> <p>Las adenoides son un parche de tejido en la parte alta de la garganta, justo detrás de la nariz. Junto a las amígdalas son parte del sistema linfático. El sistema linfático elimina las infecciones y mantiene equilibrados los fluidos corporales. Las adenoides y las amígdalas atrapan gérmenes que entran por la boca y la nariz.</p> <p>Por lo general, las adenoides comienzan a reducir su tamaño después de los cinco años de edad. En la adolescencia, desaparecen casi por completo. Para entonces, el cuerpo tiene otras formas de combatir los gérmenes. </p> <strong>¿Qué son las adenoides hipertróficas? </strong> <p>Se les llama adenoides hipertróficas cuando están hinchadas. Es un problema común en los niños. </p> <strong>¿Qué causa las adenoides hipertróficas? </strong> <p>Las adenoides de su hijo pueden agrandarse o inflamarse por diferentes razones. Puede ser que su hijo tenga adenoides agrandadas al nacer. Las adenoides también pueden hincharse cuando están luchando contra una infección. Pueden quedar hinchadas aún después que la infección se haya curado.</p> <strong> ¿Qué problemas pueden causar las adenoides hipertróficas? </strong> <p>Las adenoides hipertróficas pueden dificultar la respiración por la nariz. Su niño podría terminar respirando sólo por la boca. Esto puede causar:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html">Boca seca</a>, que también puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/badbreath.html">mal aliento</a></li> <li>Labios partidos</li> <li>Secreción por la nariz </li> </ul> <p>Otros problemas de las adenoides hipertróficas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Respiración ruidosa</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/snoring.html">Ronquidos</a></li> <li>Sueño inquieto</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">Apnea del sueño</a>, una afección que causa que usted deje de respirar repetidamente durante el sueño</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html">Infección de oído</a></li> </ul> <strong>¿Cómo se diagnostican las adenoides hipertróficas?</strong> <p>Para saber si su hijo tiene adenoides hipertróficas, el profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntar acerca de la historia clínica de su hijo, incluyendo sus síntomas</li> <li>Examinar los oídos, garganta y la boca de su hijo</li> <li>Revisar su cuello</li> </ul> <p>Dado que las adenoides están más arriba de la garganta, el profesional de la salud no puede verlas sólo mirando por la boca de su hijo. Para verificar el tamaño de las adenoides, su proveedor puede usar:</p> <ul> <li>Un espejo especial en la boca</li> <li>Un tubo largo y flexible con una luz (un endoscopio)</li> <li>Una radiografía</li> </ul> <strong>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las adenoides hipertróficas?</strong> <p>El tratamiento depende de lo que está causando el problema. Si los síntomas de su hijo no son muy serios, es posible que no necesite tratamiento. Si necesita tratamiento, su hijo podría recibir un aerosol nasal para reducir la hinchazón, o antibióticos si el profesional de la salud piensa que su hijo tiene una infección bacteriana.</p> <p>En algunos casos, su hijo puede necesitar una extirpación de las adenoides, o adenoidectomía.</p> <strong>¿Qué es una adenoidectomía y por qué mi hijo podría necesitar una? </strong> <p>Una adenoidectomía es una cirugía para extirpar las adenoides. El profesional de la salud puede recomendar esta cirugía si:</p> <ul> <li>Su hijo tiene infecciones repetidas de las adenoides. A veces las infecciones también pueden causar infecciones de oído y acumulación de líquido en el oído medio</li> <li>Los antibióticos no están eliminando las infecciones bacterianas de las adenoides</li> <li>Las adenoides hipertróficas bloquean las vías respiratorias</li> </ul> <p>Si también hay problemas con las amígdalas, es probable que a su hijo le hagan también una amigdalectomía (extirpación de las amígdalas) al mismo tiempo que le extirpen las adenoides.</p> <p>Después de la cirugía, su hijo generalmente se va a casa el mismo día. Probablemente tendrá algo de dolor en la garganta, mal aliento y secreción de la nariz. Puede tomarle varios días sentirse mejor.</p> Niños y adolescentes Oído, nariz y garganta Adenoids Amigdalitis Enfermedades de la boca Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <h3>What are adenoids?</h3> <p>Adenoids are a patch of tissue that is high up in the throat, just behind the nose. They, along with the tonsils, are part of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system clears away infection and keeps body fluids in balance. The adenoids and tonsils work by trapping germs coming in through the mouth and nose.</p> <p>Adenoids usually start to shrink after about age 5. By the teenage years, they are almost completely gone. By then, the body has other ways to fight germs.</p> <h3>What are enlarged adenoids? </h3> <p>Enlarged adenoids are adenoids that are swollen. It is a common problem in children.</p> <h3>What causes enlarged adenoids?</h3> <p>Your child's adenoids can be enlarged, or swollen, for different reasons. It may just be that your child had enlarged adenoids at birth. Adenoids can also become enlarged when they are trying to fight off an infection. They might stay enlarged even after the infection is gone.</p> <h3>What problems can enlarged adenoids cause?</h3> <p>Enlarged adenoids can make it hard to breathe through the nose. Your child might end up breathing only through the mouth. This may cause:</p><ul> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html">dry mouth</a>, which can also lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html">bad breath</a></li> <li>Cracked lips</li> <li>A runny nose</li> </ul> <p>Other problems that enlarged adenoids can cause include:</p><ul> <li>Loud breathing</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/snoring.html">Snoring</a></li> <li>Restless sleep</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">Sleep apnea</a>, a disorder that causes you to repeatedly stop breathing during sleep</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html">Ear infections</a></li> </ul> <h3>How can enlarged adenoids be diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if your child has enlarged adenoids, the health care provider will:</p> <ul> <li>Ask about your child's medical history, including asking about your child's symptoms</li> <li>Check your child's ears, throat, and mouth</li> <li>Feel your child's neck</li> </ul> <p>Since the adenoids are higher up than the throat, the provider cannot see them just by looking through your child's mouth. To check the size of your child's adenoids, your provider may use:</p><ul> <li>A special mirror in the mouth</li> <li>A long, flexible tube with a light (an endoscope)</li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for enlarged adenoids?</h3> <p>The treatment depends on what is causing the problem. If the symptoms are not too bad, your child may not need treatment. If treatment is needed, your child may get nasal spray to reduce the swelling or antibiotics if the provider thinks that there is a bacterial infection.</p> <p>In some cases, your child may need an adenoidectomy.</p> <h3>What is an adenoidectomy and why might I my child need one?</h3> <p>An adenoidectomy is surgery to remove the adenoids. The provider may recommend this surgery if:</p><ul> <li>Your child has repeated infections of the adenoids. Sometimes the infections can also cause ear infections and fluid buildup in the middle ear.</li> <li>Taking antibiotics doesn't get rid of a bacterial infection of the adenoids.</li> <li>The enlarged adenoids block the airways.</li> </ul> <p>If there is also a problem with the tonsils, your child will probably have a tonsillectomy (removal of the tonsils) at the same time that the adenoids are removed.</p> <p>After having the surgery, your child usually goes home the same day. Your child will probably have some throat pain, bad breath, and a runny nose. It can take several days to feel all better.</p> Children and Teenagers Ear, Nose and Throat Adenoides Adenoidectomy Adenoids Spanish Mouth Disorders Tonsillitis Adenoidectomy Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Video Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation <p>Las adherencias son cintas de tejido parecidos a una cicatriz. Normalmente, tejidos internos y órganos tienen superficies resbaladizas para que se puedan acomodar al moverse el cuerpo. Las adherencias causan que los tejidos u órganos se queden pegados. Pueden pegar lazos intestinales entre sí o con órganos cercanos, o con la pared del abdomen. Pueden arrancar de su lugar secciones de los intestinos, lo que puede impedir el paso de alimentos a través de éste.</p> <p>Las adherencias pueden ocurrir en cualquier parte del cuerpo, pero usualmente se forman después de una cirugía abdominal. Casi todos quienes se someten a una cirugía abdominal muestran adherencias. Algunas adherencias no causan problemas. Pero cuando <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html">obstruyen el intestino</a> parcial o totalmente, pueden causar ciertos síntomas como:</p><ul> <li>Cólicos abdominales dolorosos o dolor abdominal</li> <li>Vómitos</li> <li>Distensión abdominal</li> <li>Imposibilidad para eliminar gases </li> <li>Estreñimiento</li> </ul> <p>A veces las adherencias pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html">infertilidad en la mujer</a> porque previenen que el óvulo fertilizado llegue al útero.</p> <p>No existen exámenes para detectar las adherencias. Los doctores generalmente las encuentran durante una cirugía para diagnosticar otros problemas.</p> <p>Algunas adherencias desaparecen por sí mismas. Si hay una obstrucción intestinal parcial, una dieta baja en fibra puede facilitar el paso de los alimentos a través del área afectada. Una obstrucción intestinal completa causa riesgo vital. Usted debe obtener atención medica urgente y puede necesitar de una cirugía. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Lesiones y heridas Adhesions Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Obstrucción intestinal Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Abdominal adhesions <p>Adhesions are bands of scar-like tissue. Normally, internal tissues and organs have slippery surfaces so they can shift easily as the body moves. Adhesions cause tissues and organs to stick together. They might connect the loops of the intestines to each other, to nearby organs, or to the wall of the abdomen. They can pull sections of the intestines out of place. This may block food from passing through the intestine.</p> <p>Adhesions can occur anywhere in the body. But they often form after surgery on the abdomen. Almost everyone who has surgery on the abdomen gets adhesions. Some adhesions don't cause any problems. But when they partly or completely <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html">block the intestines</a>, they cause symptoms such as:</p><ul> <li>Severe abdominal pain or cramping</li> <li>Vomiting</li> <li>Bloating</li> <li>An inability to pass gas</li> <li>Constipation</li> </ul> <p>Adhesions can sometimes cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html">infertility in women</a> by preventing fertilized eggs from reaching the uterus.</p> <p>No tests are available to detect adhesions. Doctors usually find them during surgery to diagnose other problems.</p> <p>Some adhesions go away by themselves. If they partly block your intestines, a diet low in fiber can allow food to move easily through the affected area. If you have a complete intestinal obstruction, it is life-threatening. You should get immediate medical attention and may need surgery. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Injuries and Wounds Adherencias Tissue Adhesions Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Intestinal Obstruction Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Boston Children's Hospital Diagnosis and Tests American College of Gastroenterology Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Jugador compulsivo Jugador patológico Ludopatía <p>Muchas personas disfrutan de los juegos de azar, ya sea apostándole a un caballo o jugando al póquer por internet. La mayoría de las personas que juega no tiene ningún problema, pero algunas otras tienen dificultad para resistirse o controlar el impulso de jugar. Los signos de que existe un problema incluyen:</p><ul> <li> Pensar continuamente en el juego </li> <li> Mentir acerca del juego </li> <li> Utilizar tiempo familiar o laboral para jugar</li> <li> Sentirse mal después de jugar pero no dejar de hacerlo </li> <li> Jugar con el dinero que se necesita para otras cosas </li> </ul> <p>Si a usted le preocupa su adicción a los juegos, busque ayuda. Su proveedor de cuidados de salud puede ayudarlo a encontrar el tratamiento más adecuado para usted.</p> <p class=""> NIH: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud </p> Salud mental y conducta Compulsive Gambling Azar, Adicción a los juegos de Juego, Adicción Jugador patológico Ludopatía Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Your adrenal, or suprarenal, glands are located on the top of each kidney. These glands produce hormones that you can't live without, including sex hormones and cortisol, which helps you respond to stress and has many other functions.</p> <p>A number of disorders can affect the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html">adrenal glands</a>, including tumors. Tumors can be either benign or malignant. Benign tumors aren't cancer. Malignant ones are. Most adrenal gland tumors are benign. They usually do not cause symptoms and may not require treatment. Malignant adrenal gland cancers are uncommon.</p> <p>Types of tumors include:</p><ul> <li>Adrenocortical carcinoma - cancer in the outer part of the gland</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuroblastoma.html">Neuroblastoma</a>, a type of childhood cancer</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pheochromocytoma.html">Pheochromocytoma</a> - a rare tumor that is usually benign</li> </ul> <p>Symptoms depend on the type of cancer you have. Treatments may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. </p> Cancers Endocrine System Cáncer de las glándulas suprarrenales Adrenal Gland Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Adrenal Gland Disorders Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Genetics American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Endocrine Society Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society <h3>What are adrenal glands?</h3> <p>Your adrenal glands are two small organs that sit on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands make different types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a> you need to stay alive and healthy. Hormones are chemicals that travel in your bloodstream and control how different parts of your body work.</p> <p>The adrenal glands make the hormones cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. They also make hormones that your body uses to make sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone). All of these hormones do many important jobs, including:</p><ul> <li>Turning food into energy and managing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a> levels</li> <li>Balancing salt and water</li> <li>Keeping blood pressure normal</li> <li>Responding to illness and stress (your "fight or flight" response)</li> <li>Timing when and how fast a child develops sexually</li> <li>Supporting pregnancy</li> </ul> <h3>What are adrenal gland disorders?</h3> <p>When you have an adrenal gland disorder, your body makes too much or too little of one or more hormones. The symptoms depend on the type of problem you have and how much it affects the hormone levels in your body.</p> <p>There are many types of adrenal gland disorders, including:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/addisondisease.html">Addison's Disease</a></strong> - a condition in which the adrenal glands don't make enough cortisol</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cushingssyndrome.html">Cushing's Syndrome</a></strong> - a condition caused by too much cortisol in the body, often from taking <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">steroid medicines</a> for a long time</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/aldosterone-producing-adenoma/">Aldosterone-producing adenoma</a></strong> - a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html">benign tumor</a> (not cancer) that makes too much aldosterone and may cause serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma/">Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma</a></strong> - an inherited condition causing different types of tumors that make adrenaline and other hormones. Some tumors may become cancerous.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglandcancer.html">Adrenal gland cancer</a></strong> - cancerous tumors, including adrenocortical carcinoma and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuroblastoma.html">neuroblastoma</a></li> <li><strong>Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)</strong> - a group of inherited disorders in which the adrenal glands don't make enough cortisol. The most common type is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/21-hydroxylase-deficiency/">21-hydroxylase deficiency (also called CAH1)</a>. In the United States, newborn babies get a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/17-hydroxyprogesterone/">blood test</a> to see if they have CAH. People born with CAH may not have symptoms until childhood or later in life.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes adrenal gland disorders?</h3> <p>The cause of adrenal gland disorders depends on the type of disorder you have. Causes can include:</p><ul> <li>Medicines such as steroids</li> <li>A problem in another gland, such as the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarydisorders.html">pituitary gland</a>. The pituitary gland releases hormones that affect how the adrenal glands work.</li> <li>Changes in genes (mutations). These changes can cause the adrenal glands to make too much or too little of one or more hormones.</li> <li>Infections</li> </ul> <p>In many cases the cause of the problem isn't clear.</p> <h3>How are adrenal gland disorders diagnosed?</h3> <p>Health care providers use different tests to check for adrenal disorders depending on your symptoms and health history. For example, you may have tests of your blood, urine (pee), or saliva (spit). These tests check your hormone levels. Your provider may order <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-rays</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scans</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI scans</a> to look for tumors.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for adrenal gland disorders?</h3> <p>Different types of adrenal gland disorders have different treatments. They include medicines and surgery. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a> is sometimes a treatment for tumors. There are treatments to cure certain adrenal gland disorders. For other disorders, treatments can manage your symptoms.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Endocrine System Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales Adrenal Gland Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Addison Disease Adrenal Gland Cancer Cushing's Syndrome Pheochromocytoma Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Endocrine Society Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Endocrine Society Specifics Endocrine Society Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Endocrine Society Find an Expert Endocrine Society Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation <p>What kind of medical care would you want if you were too ill or hurt to express your wishes? Advance directives are legal documents that allow you to spell out your decisions about <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoflifeissues.html">end-of-life</a> care ahead of time. They give you a way to tell your wishes to family, friends, and health care professionals and to avoid confusion later on. </p> <p>A living will tells which treatments you want if you are dying or permanently unconscious. You can accept or refuse medical care. You might want to include instructions on:</p><ul> <li>The use of dialysis and breathing machines</li> <li> If you want to be resuscitated if your breathing or heartbeat stops </li> <li> Tube feeding</li> <li> Organ or tissue donation </li> </ul> <p> A durable power of attorney for health care is a document that names your health care proxy. Your proxy is someone you trust to make health decisions for you if you are unable to do so. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Social/Family Issues Personal Health Issues Directivas médicas por adelantado Advance Directives Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish End of Life Issues Family Issues Hospice Care Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders Living Wills Resuscitation Orders Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Administration for Community Living PDF Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues American Hospice Foundation Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues American College of Physicians PDF Find an Expert National Alliance for Care at Home Specifics National Resource Center on Psychiatric Advance Directives Journal Articles Find an Expert National Resource Center on Psychiatric Advance Directives Problemas para hablar <h3>¿Qué es la afasia?</h3> <p>La afasia es un trastorno del lenguaje que hace que se dificulte leer, escribir y expresar lo que se quiere decir. A veces también dificulta entender lo que otras personas están diciendo. La afasia no es una afección. Es un síntoma de daño en las partes del cerebro que controlan el lenguaje.</p> <p>Los signos de afasia dependen de la parte del cerebro que está dañada. Existen cuatro tipos principales de afasia:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Afasia expresiva:</strong> sucede cuando se sabe lo que se quiere decir, pero se tienen problemas para decir o escribir los pensamientos</li> <li><strong>Afasia receptiva:</strong> afecta la habilidad de leer y entender el lenguaje. Se puede escuchar lo que dicen las personas o ver las palabras en un impreso, pero no se le encuentra sentido a lo que se lee o escucha</li> <li><strong>Afasia global:</strong> es la pérdida de casi toda habilidad lingüística. No se puede hablar, entender el lenguaje, leer o escribir</li> <li><strong>Afasia anómica:</strong> es cuando una persona tiene problemas para utilizar las palabras correctas para ciertas cosas, personas, lugares o eventos</li> </ul> <p>En algunos casos, la afasia puede mejorar sin tratamiento, pero también puede ser una condición a largo plazo. No hay cura, pero con tratamiento se pueden mejorar las habilidades lingüísticas.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la afasia?</h3> <p>La afasia sucede por daño a una o más partes del cerebro involucradas con el lenguaje. El daño puede suceder por:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Accidente cerebrovascular</a>, el cual es la causa más común de afasia.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html">Tumor cerebral</a>.</li> <li>Infección o inflamación cerebral.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/concussion.html">Lesión cerebral</a>.</li> <li>Otros <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braindiseases.html">trastornos cerebrales</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">enfermedades neurológicas</a> que afectan al cerebro y empeoran con el tiempo, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">demencia</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar afasia?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede desarrollar afasia a cualquier edad, pero la mayoría de las personas con afasia son de edad mediana o mayores. La mayoría de los tipos de afasia sucede repentinamente por un accidente cerebrovascular o por una lesión cerebral. La afasia causada por un tumor o trastorno cerebral puede desarrollarse lentamente, con el tiempo.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la afasia?</h3> <p>Si un profesional de la salud observa signos de afasia, el profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Evaluar la capacidad de la persona para entender el lenguaje y el habla. Esto incluye hacer preguntas y observar si la persona puede seguir instrucciones simples.</li> <li>Pedir una resonancia magnética para determinar si hay una lesión cerebral y si parte del cerebro está dañado. Estos análisis incluyen: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">Resonancia magnética</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">Tomografía computarizada</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Si las imágenes muestran signos de afasia, puede que se necesiten más pruebas. Estas pruebas miden qué tanto el daño cerebral ha afectado la capacidad de hablar, leer, escribir y entender. En la mayoría de los casos, las pruebas las hace un patólogo del habla y lenguaje o un terapeuta lingüístico (un especialista que trata <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">trastornos del lenguaje y comunicación</a>).</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la afasia?</h3> <p>Algunas personas se recuperan completamente de la afasia sin ningún tratamiento. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las personas deben empezar terapia del habla y lenguaje para tratar la afasia lo más pronto posible.</p> <p>El tratamiento puede ser individual o en grupo, con un terapeuta del habla. La terapia utilizando una computadora también puede ayudar.</p> <p>La terapia específica depende del tipo de pérdida del lenguaje que tenga la persona. Puede incluir ejercicios de lectura, escritura, seguir instrucciones y repetir lo que dice el terapeuta. La terapia también puede incluir aprender a comunicarse con gestos, teléfonos u otros dispositivos electrónicos.</p> <p>La participación de la familia puede ser una parte importante de la terapia del habla. Los miembros de la familia pueden aprender a ayudar con la recuperación en muchas formas, como:</p> <ul> <li>Utilizar lenguaje sencillo</li> <li>Incluir a la persona con afasia en las conversaciones</li> <li>Repetir o escribir palabras claves para ayudar a comunicar de manera más clara</li> </ul> <p>Las habilidades lingüísticas pueden continuar mejorando durante años. Por lo general, las personas recuperan su habilidad de comprender el lenguaje mejor que su capacidad de hablar.</p> <p>Qué tanto se recupera una persona depende de muchas cosas, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Qué causó la lesion cerebral</li> <li>Qué parte del cerebro se lesionó</li> <li>Cómo se lastimó el cerebro y qué tanto se lastimó</li> <li>La edad y la salud de la persona</li> </ul> <h3>¿Puede prevenirse la afasia?</h3> <p>Usted puede ayudar a prevenir la afasia al:</p> <ul> <li>Hacer cambios saludables en su estilo de vida para prevenir su riesgo de tener: <ul> <li>Un accidente cerebrovascular</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">Enfermedad cardíaca</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html">Enfermedades vasculares</a> (problemas con los vasos sanguíneos).</li> </ul> </li> <li>Protegiendo su cerebro de lesiones: <ul> <li>Utilice el casco adecuado para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html">seguridad deportiva</a>, por ejemplo, cuando anda en motocicleta</li> <li>Tomando acción para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">prevenir caídas</a></li> <li>Utilizando cinturón de seguridad y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motorvehiclesafety.html">manejando de forma segura</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p class="">Instituto Nacional de Desórdenes Neurológicos y Derrame Cerebral</p> Cerebro y nervios Aphasia Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Landau-Kleffner, Síndrome de Síndrome de Landau-Kleffner Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Fácil de leer Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH COVID-19 crónico COVID-19 de larga duración Condición post-COVID-19 Síndrome del COVID-19 persistente Síndrome post-COVID-19 <h3>¿Qué son las afecciones posteriores al COVID (COVID persistente)?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a> (enfermedad por coronavirus 2019) es una afección causada por un virus. Muchas personas mejoran a los pocos días o semanas de haberse infectado con el virus. Pero otras tienen afecciones post-COVID. Estas pueden:</p> <ul> <li>Tener síntomas que persisten durante semanas, meses o incluso años</li> <li>Parecen recuperarse de COVID-19 pero luego ven que sus síntomas regresan</li> <li>Desarrollan nuevos síntomas o nuevas afecciones de salud a los pocos meses de tener COVID-19</li> </ul> <p>Hay varios otros nombres para las afecciones posteriores al COVID-19. A menudo se le llama COVID persistente. Pero también puede llamarse COVID de larga duración, efectos a largo plazo del COVID, COVID crónico, COVID-19 post-agudo y secuelas post-agudas de SARS-CoV-2 (SPAC).</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener afecciones posteriores al COVID (COVID persistente)?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona que haya tenido COVID-19, ya sea grave o leve, puede tener síntomas duraderos. Pero tiene un mayor riesgo de tener afecciones posteriores al COVID si:</p> <ul> <li>Tuvo una enfermedad grave de COVID-19, especialmente si estuvo hospitalizado o necesitó cuidados intensivos</li> <li>Tuvo afecciones de salud subyacentes antes de contraer COVID-19</li> <li>No se aplicó una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19vaccines.html">vacuna contra el COVID-19</a></li> <li>Tuvo síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico (MIS-C) durante o después de COVID-19. MIS-C es una afección rara pero grave en la que se inflaman diferentes partes del cuerpo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las afecciones posteriores al COVID (COVID persistente)?</h3> <p>Las afecciones posteriores al COVID no afectan a todos de la misma manera. Puede causar varios tipos y combinaciones de síntomas en diferentes personas. Los síntomas pueden afectar diferentes partes del cuerpo, por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Síntomas generales, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">fatiga</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a></li> <li>Síntomas respiratorios, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">dificultad para respirar</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">tos</a></li> <li>Síntomas cardíacos, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">dolor torácico</a> y palpitaciones</li> <li>Síntomas neurológicos como dificultad para pensar y concentrarse ("niebla cerebral"), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">dolores de cabeza</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html">problemas para dormir</a></li> <li>Síntomas digestivos como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a> y dolor de estómago</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas pueden tener una amplia variedad de síntomas que son similares a los de otras afecciones, como <a href="../spanish/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html" tid="1821">encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)</a>.</p> <p>Para la mayoría de las personas, los síntomas mejoran lentamente con el tiempo. Pero para otras los síntomas pueden durar semanas, meses o más. En ocasiones, los síntomas son lo suficientemente graves como para causar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html">discapacidad</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las afecciones posteriores al COVID (COVID persistente)?</h3> <p>No existe una prueba específica para las afecciones posteriores al COVID. Para saber si tiene afecciones posteriores al COVID, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntar sobre su historia clínica. Esto incluye saber si ha tenido un diagnóstico de COVID-19, ya sea en base a una prueba positiva, síntomas o exposición</li> <li>Hacer un examen físico</li> <li>Ordenar pruebas de sangre y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">imágenes</a></li> </ul> <p>Algunos de los síntomas de las afecciones posteriores al COVID pueden ser difíciles de explicar. Los resultados de las pruebas de sangre y de imágenes pueden ser normales. Y en ocasiones las personas que tienen síntomas inexplicables pueden ser malinterpretadas por sus proveedores de salud. Por ello, es posible que tome algún tiempo obtener un diagnóstico.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las afecciones posteriores al COVID (COVID persistente)?</h3> <p>Todavía no existe un tratamiento específico para las afecciones posteriores al COVID-19. Su profesional de la salud y usted pueden trabajar juntos para crear un plan de atención personal para controlar sus síntomas y mejorar su calidad de vida.</p> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las afecciones posteriores al COVID (COVID persistente)?</h3> <p>La mejor manera de prevenir las afecciones posteriores al COVID es evitar contraer COVID-19. Mantenerse al día con las vacunas contra el COVID-19, incluyendo refuerzos, puede ayudar a prevenir la infección por coronavirus y proteger contra enfermedades graves.</p> Infecciones Post-COVID Conditions (Long COVID) COVID persistente Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud <p>Las aftas son pequeñas llagas redondas que aparecen en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mouthdisorders.html">boca</a>. Pueden aparecer dentro de la mejilla, debajo de la lengua o detrás de la garganta. Por lo general tienen un borde rojo y un centro gris. Pueden ser muy dolorosas. No son igual al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldsores.html">herpes labial</a>, que son causadas por el herpes simple.</p> <p>Las aftas no son contagiosas. Pueden salir por una infección viral. También pueden desencadenarse por estrés, alergias a los alimentos, falta de vitaminas y minerales, cambios hormonales o períodos menstruales. A veces la causa es desconocida.</p> <p>En la mayoría de los casos, las llagas desaparecen solas. Algunos ungüentos, cremas o enjuagues pueden aliviar el dolor. Si tiene aftas, evite la comida picante y condimentada, eso también puede ayudar.</p> Salud oral y dental Canker Sores Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Boca, Aftas Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Medicina Oral PDF Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Medicina Oral PDF Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Postoperative care Recovery from surgery <p>After any <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/surgery.html">operation</a>, you'll have some side effects. There is usually some pain with surgery. There may also be swelling and soreness around the area that the surgeon cut. Your surgeon can tell you which side effects to expect.</p> <p>There can also be complications. These are unplanned events linked to the operation. Some complications are infection, too much bleeding, reaction to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anesthesia.html">anesthesia</a>, or accidental injury. Some people have a greater risk of complications because of other medical conditions.</p> <p>Your surgeon can tell you how you might feel and what you will be able to do - or not do - the first few days, weeks, or months after surgery. Some other questions to ask are:</p><ul> <li>How long you will be in the hospital</li> <li>What kind of supplies, equipment, and help you might need when you go home</li> <li>When you can go back to work</li> <li>When it is ok to start exercising again</li> <li>Are there any other restrictions in your activities</li> </ul> <p>Following your surgeon's advice can help you recover as soon as possible.</p> <p class="">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</p> Surgery and Rehabilitation Después de una cirugía Postoperative Complications Postoperative Care Spanish Postoperative Care Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Merck & Co., Inc. Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality PDF Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Hiperplasia benigna de la próstata Hipertrofia prostática benigna Próstata agrandada <h3>¿Qué es la próstata?</h3> <p>La próstata es una glándula del sistema reproductor masculino. Se encuentra justo debajo de la vejiga. Produce líquido que forma parte del semen.</p> <h3>¿Qué es el agrandamiento de la próstata?</h3> <p>Una próstata agrandada ocurre cuando la próstata se vuelve más grande de lo normal. También se conoce como <strong>hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB)</strong> Benigno significa que no es cáncer, y la hiperplasia significa demasiado crecimiento celular. La HPB no es cáncer y no aumenta el riesgo de padecer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancer.html">cáncer de próstata</a>.</p> <p>Por lo general, la glándula prostática continúa creciendo durante la vida adulta. Por esto, la HPB es la afección prostática más común en personas mayores de 50 años. A medida que la próstata crece, puede presionar la vejiga y comprimir la uretra. Esto puede hacer más lento o bloquear el flujo de orina que sale de la vejiga.</p> <p>Con el tiempo, el músculo de la vejiga puede debilitarse al tratar de orinar a través de una uretra estrecha. Cuando esto sucede, es posible que su vejiga no se vacíe por completo al orinar. Una uretra estrecha y una vejiga débil causan muchos de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html">problemas urinarios</a> por HPB.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el agrandamiento de la próstata?</h3> <p>Los investigadores no están seguros de por qué la próstata sigue creciendo. Algunos investigadores creen que los cambios <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonales</a> con el envejecimiento pueden hacer que la próstata se agrande.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar agrandamiento de la próstata?</h3> <p>Es más probable que desarrolle HPB si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene 40 años o más. La probabilidad de tener HPB aumenta a medida que envejece</li> <li>Tiene familiares que han tenido HPB</li> <li>Tiene ciertas afecciones de salud como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">Enfermedad cardíaca</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html">problemas circulatorios</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">Diabetes tipo 2</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html">Disfunción eréctil</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">No hace suficiente ejercicio</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del agrandamiento de la próstata</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la hiperplasia prostática benigna incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html">Tener una necesidad frecuente o urgente de orinar</a></li> <li>Despertarse muchas veces para orinar</li> <li>Tener problemas con el flujo de orina, como: <ul> <li>Problemas para empezar a orinar</li> <li>Flujo de orina débil, lento o que se detiene y comienza</li> <li>Goteo después de orinar</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html">Incontinencia urinaria</a></li> <li>Sentir que no puede vaciar completamente la vejiga</li> </ul> </li> <li>Dolor después de la eyaculación o al orinar</li> <li>Orina con un color u olor inusual</li> </ul> <p>Es importante consultar con su profesional de la salud si tiene alguno de estos síntomas, ya que podrían deberse a un problema de salud más grave.</p> <p>Debe <strong>obtener ayuda médica de inmediato</strong> si:</p> <ul> <li>No puede orinar en absoluto</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a> y escalofríos con micción que es dolorosa, frecuente y urgente</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-en-la-orina/">Tiene sangre en la orina</a></li> <li>Tiene dolor en la parte inferior del abdomen y en el tracto urinario</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el agrandamiento de la próstata?</h3> <p>Para la mayoría de las personas, la hiperplasia prostática benigna no causa otros problemas. Pero la HPB aumenta la probabilidad de desarrollar afecciones graves, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Retención urinaria aguda:</strong> En esta afección, de repente no se puede orinar en lo absoluto. Es una emergencia médica. La retención urinaria aguda es común en hombres mayores y la posibilidad de tenerla aumenta con la edad. Puede ser desencadenado por: <ul> <li>Tomar ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html">medicamentos de venta libre para el resfriado o la alergia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">Beber alcohol</a> </li> <li>Temperaturas frías</li> <li>No moverse lo suficiente durante un largo período de tiempo</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">Infecciones de las vías urinarias</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Daño y cálculos en la vejiga</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">Daño en el riñón</a></strong></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el agrandamiento de la próstata?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene hiperplasia prostática benigna, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Preguntar sobre su historia clínica:</strong> Asegúrese de informarle a su proveedor sobre todos los medicamentos que toma, ya que ciertas medicinas pueden empeorar los síntomas de la HPB</li> <li>Preguntar sobre su <strong>historia de salud familiar</strong></li> <li><strong>Examinarle:</strong> El examen puede incluir un examen rectal digital de su próstata. En un este examen, su profesional de la salud inserta un dedo enguantado en su recto para verificar si su próstata es grande, sensible o irregular de alguna otra manera</li> <li><strong>Solicitar pruebas médicas, si es necesario</strong>, como: <ul> <li>Análisis de orina</li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-psa-antigeno-prostatico-especifico/">prueba de antígeno prostático específico (PSA)</a></li> <li>Pruebas urodinámicas para ver qué tan bien puede retener y liberar la orina</li> <li>Cistoscopia para observar el interior de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urethraldisorders.html">uretra</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html">vejiga</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">Imágenes de ultrasonido</a> de su próstata y tracto urinario</li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> de próstata para diagnosticar o descartar cáncer de próstata</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el agrandamiento de la próstata?</h3> <p>No todas las personas necesitan tratamiento para la hiperplasia prostática benigna. Las opciones de tratamiento dependen de cuánto le molesten sus síntomas, su salud, edad y el tamaño de su próstata:</p> <ul> <li><p><strong>Cambios en el estilo de vida</strong> pueden mejorar los síntomas leves, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Beber menos líquidos antes de acostarse o salir</li> <li>Evitar o reducir las bebidas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">cafeína</a> y alcohol</li> <li>Entrenar la vejiga y ejercitar los músculos que controlan el flujo de orina</li> <li>Prevenir o tratar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">estreñimiento</a></li> </ul> <br/> </li> <li><p><strong>Medicamentos</strong> pueden ayudar con los síntomas leves a moderados al:</p> <ul> <li>Detener el crecimiento de la próstata</li> <li>Encoger la próstata</li> <li>Relajar los músculos para mejorar el flujo de orina</li> </ul> <br/> <p>En ocasiones, combinar dos tipos de medicamentos ayuda más que tomar solo un tipo de medicina.</p> </li> <li><p>Los <strong>procedimientos médicos</strong> pueden ayudar a mejorar los síntomas de HPB de moderados a graves cuando los medicamentos no ayudan lo suficiente. Hay varios tipos diferentes de procedimientos. Todos usan un instrumento que se inserta en la uretra para:</p> <ul> <li>Ensanchar la uretra</li> <li>Destruir parte de la próstata con calor</li> </ul> <br/> </li> <li><p>La <strong>cirugía</strong> puede ser útil cuando los síntomas son graves, otros tratamientos no han ayudado o si tiene otro problema, como daño en la vejiga. Se utilizan diferentes tipos de cirugía para:</p> <ul> <li>Quitar parte o la totalidad de la próstata</li> <li>Hacer cortes en la próstata para aliviar la presión de la uretra</li> </ul> <br/> <p>La mayoría de las cirugías para la HPB se realizan con herramientas que se insertan en la uretra.</p> </li> </ul> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede explicar los posibles beneficios y efectos secundarios de sus opciones de tratamiento para que pueda decidir cuál es el mejor para usted.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el agrandamiento de la próstata?</h3> <p>Los investigadores no han encontrado formas de prevenir la hiperplasia prostática benigna. Puede cuidar la salud de su próstata al:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html">Hablar con su profesional de la salud</a> sobre su riesgo de desarrollar agrandamiento de la próstata</li> <li>Hacerse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html">chequeos regulares</a></li> <li>Prestar atención a sus síntomas para que pueda recibir tratamiento temprano si observa signos de HPB</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema reproductor masculino Enlarged Prostate (BPH) Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de próstata Enfermedades de la próstata Salud de las personas mayores Salud de los hombres Hiperplasia benigna de la próstata Próstata agrandada Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centro Coordinador Nacional de Información sobre Enfermedades de los Riñones y de las Vías Urinarias NIH Fácil de leer Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asalto sexual Violación <h3>¿Qué es una agresión sexual?</h3> <p>La agresión sexual es cualquier tipo de actividad, contacto o experiencia sexual que ocurre <strong>sin</strong> consentimiento. Esto significa que la actividad sexual ocurre aunque no esté de acuerdo con ella.</p> <p>La agresión sexual puede ocurrir con:</p> <ul> <li> Fuerza física o amenazas de fuerza</li> <li>Coerción sexual (ser presionado, engañado, amenazado o forzado de una manera no física)</li> <li>Alcohol o drogas, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clubdrugs.html">drogas para violación</a> en citas</li> </ul> <p>La agresión sexual también se conoce como violencia sexual o abuso sexual. Afecta a millones de personas cada año. Cualquiera puede ser víctima de una agresión sexual. Muchas víctimas experimentan por primera vez <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html">abuso sexual durante la infancia</a>. La mayoría de las víctimas son niñas y mujeres. Pero muchos niños y hombres también son víctimas de agresión sexual.</p> <p>Si ha sido agredido sexualmente, nunca es su culpa. Es algo que le pasa a <i>usted</i>.</p> <h3>¿Qué incluye la agresión sexual?</h3> <p>La agresión sexual es cualquier actividad sexual <strong>no deseada</strong>, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Actividad sexual con contacto físico</strong>, que involucra desde contacto sexual o besos hasta violación o intento de violación</li> <li><strong>Actividad sexual sin contacto físico</strong>, incluyendo cosas que pueden suceder en persona, en línea o a través de mensajes de texto, como:</li> <ul> <li>Exhibicionismo o "flashing" (cuando alguien le muestra sus genitales sin pedirle permiso)</li> <li>Ser forzado a mirar imágenes sexuales o posar para fotos sexuales</li> <li>Recibir mensajes de texto no deseados con fotos o mensajes sexuales</li> <li>Voyerismo (cuando alguien mira actos sexuales privados sin permiso)</li> <li>Recibir amenazas sexuales o ser acosado sexualmente (comentarios sexuales no deseados, solicitudes de favores sexuales u otro comportamiento sexual continuo)</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Cualquier actividad sexual que ocurra sin su consentimiento es agresión sexual.</p> <h3>¿Qué significa "consentimiento"?</h3> <p>Dar su consentimiento significa decir "sí" clara y libremente a la actividad sexual. Su consentimiento significa que usted:</p> <ul> <li>Sabe y entiende lo que está pasando</li> <li>Puede decir lo que quiere hacer y lo que no quiere hacer</li> <li>No es menor de edad</li> <li>No está siendo presionado o engañado para hacer cosas que no quiere hacer</li> </ul> <p>Entregar el consentimiento no es:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Silencio:</strong> No decir "no" no significa que esté diciendo "sí"</li> <li><strong>Haber consentido en el pasado</strong>: Haber dicho "sí" al sexo con alguien en el pasado no significa que haya aceptado toda actividad sexual en el futuro. Esto es así en una relación pasajera o en una relación duradera</li> <li><strong>Ser pasivo</strong>; y no luchar contra un atacante</li> </ul> <p>No puede dar su consentimiento si:</p> <ul> <li>Está drogado, borracho, desmayado o dormido</li> <li>Es mentalmente incapaz de dar su consentimiento debido a una enfermedad o discapacidad</li> <li>Es menor de edad (los estados tienen diferentes leyes sobre la edad que debe tener para entregar su consentimiento legal para la actividad sexual)</li> <li>Es coaccionado sexualmente: Esto significa que alguien está presionándole para que participes en actividades sexuales. Aceptar sexo bajo presión no es entregar consentimiento. La presión puede incluir:</li> <ul> <li>Abusar del poder sobre usted, por ejemplo, un jefe que amenaza su trabajo</li> <li>Hacer amenazas de dañar a las personas que le importan</li> <li>Hacer falsas promesas para recompensarlo por sexo</li> <li>Amenazar con terminar una relación o difundir rumores sobre usted</li> <li>Agotarle al pedirle sexo constantemente o hacerle sentir culpable u obligado</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>¿Quién comete agresión sexual?</h3> <p>Tanto hombres como mujeres cometen agresiones sexuales. Una persona que comete agresión sexual puede ser un extraño, pero más a menudo es alguien que conoce, como:</p> <ul> <li>Un amigo o conocido</li> <li>Alguien con quien trabaja</li> <li>Un vecino</li> <li>Un miembro de la familia</li> <li>Una pareja romántica actual o anterior, incluyendo un cónyuge</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los posibles efectos en la salud de la agresión sexual?</h3> <p>La agresión sexual puede tener muchos efectos en la salud. Muchos de ellos pueden afectar su salud y bienestar de por vida. Los efectos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Efectos físicos tales como:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html">Contusiones</a> o lesiones genitales</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">Infecciones de transmisión sexual</a></li> <li>Embarazo</li> <li>Problemas continuos con:</li> <ul> <li>Salud reproductiva femenina</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html">Trastornos digestivos</a></li> <li>Su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">corazón</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealth.html">Salud sexual</a></li> </ul> <li>Efectos psicológicos como:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a></li> <li>Pensamientos sobre el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html">suicidio</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">Trastorno de estrés postraumático</a></li> </ul> </ul> </ul> <p>Las víctimas de agresión sexual tienen más probabilidades de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">fumar</a>, tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">trastorno por consumo de alcohol</a>, usar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas ilegales</a> y tener conductas sexuales de riesgo. Las niñas que experimentan violencia sexual tienen más probabilidades de convertirse en víctimas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intimatepartnerviolence.html">violencia en la pareja</a> en la edad adulta.</p> <h3>¿Qué puedo hacer si soy víctima de agresión sexual?</h3> <p><strong>Si está en peligro o necesita atención médica, llame al 911</strong>. Si puede, aléjese de la persona que le agredió y vaya a un lugar seguro lo más rápido que pueda.</p> <p>Puede llamar a la línea directa nacional de agresión sexual al 800-656-HOPE (4673) para conectarse con un proveedor de servicios de agresión sexual en su área que pueda referirle a recursos locales (no todos los proveedores de servicios para víctimas de asalto sexual ofrece recursos en español).</p> <p>Obtener apoyo después de una agresión sexual puede ayudarle a sobrellevar mejor la situación y reducir los efectos a largo plazo. Los servicios para víctimas, como los centros de crisis por violación, pueden entregar un lugar seguro y sano donde encontrar apoyo.</p> <p>Los estudios muestran que los tratamientos como la terapia cognitivo conductual centrada en el trauma (TF-CBT, por sus siglas en inglés) puede ayudar a las víctimas a sobrellevar la depresión, la ansiedad y el trastorno de estrés postraumático.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la agresión sexual?</h3> <p>La agresión sexual nunca es culpa de la víctima. Nadie que haya sido agredido debe ser culpado por algo que hizo o dejó de hacer.</p> <p>Puede tomar algunas medidas para tratar de estar más seguro con los demás:</p> <ul> <li><strong> Ir a fiestas con amigos</strong>: Cuídense unos a otros. Si un amigo parece estar borracho o drogado, llévalo a un lugar seguro. Tenga un plan sobre cómo llegará a casa también</li> <li><strong>Vigile su consumo de alcohol</strong>: Alguien podría agregarle alcohol o droga sin que usted lo sepa</li> <li><strong>Conozca personas por primera vez en un lugar público</strong></li> <li><strong>Escuche sus "corazonadas":</strong> Si se siente incómodo con alguien, retírese del lugar</li> <li> <strong>Preste atención a sus alrededores: </strong>Cuando camine solo, quédese en áreas concurridas y bien iluminadas. Y no use audífonos. Escuche lo que sucede a su alrededor</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Mujeres Lesiones y heridas Asuntos sociales y familiares Sexual Assault Violencia en la pareja Violación Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional para el TEPT Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Justicia de Estados Unidos, Oficina para Víctimas del Crimen PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Video Agua para beber <p>Todos necesitamos agua para vivir. La cantidad depende de nuestra talla, el nivel de actividad y el clima donde vivimos. </p> <p>El agua potable de la llave es una combinación de aguas que se encuentran en la superficie del suelo (superficial) y aguas subterráneas. El agua superficial incluye a los ríos, lagos y represas. Las aguas subterráneas provienen del subsuelo (capa de suelo debajo de la capa superficial de la tierra). En los Estados Unidos existe uno de los suministros de agua más sanos del mundo, pero la calidad del agua potable puede variar de un lugar a otro. Esta depende de la condición de la fuente del agua y del tratamiento que recibe. El tratamiento puede incluir agregarle fluoruro para prevenir las caries y cloruro para matar a los gérmenes. </p> <p>En los Estados Unidos, su proveedor de agua potable debe enviarle informes anuales sobre el agua potable. El informe incluye de dónde viene el agua y qué <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/waterpollution.html">contaminantes</a> puede contener. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Alimentos y nutrición Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Drinking Water Asbesto Contaminación del agua Criptosporidiosis Enfermedades parasitarias Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos Envenenamiento con plomo Infecciones por Escherichia coli Infecciones por Giardia Salud del viajero Seguridad con los alimentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Ahogamiento <p>Las personas se ahogan cuando tienen mucha agua en sus pulmones. Usted puede ahogarse en apenas una pulgada o dos de agua. Los bebés pueden ahogarse en una bañera o en un lavabo. Los preescolares tienen más probabilidades de ahogarse en las piscinas. Las personas con trastornos convulsivos también están en riesgo cuando están en el agua. El ahogamiento puede ocurrir en forma rápida y silenciosa.</p> <p>Las precauciones para evitar un ahogo deben incluir:</p> <ul> <li> Colocar cercas alrededor de las piscinas </li> <li> Supervisar a los niños cerca de cualquier cuerpo de agua, incluyendo bañeras </li> <li> No <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/watersafetyrecreational.html">nadar o navegar</a> cuando se encuentre bajo los efectos del alcohol o de sedantes </li> <li> Utilizar chalecos salvavidas para navegar </li> <li> Aprender <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html">resucitación cardiopulmonar</a></li> </ul> Lesiones y heridas Drowning Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car emissions, chemicals from factories, dust, pollen and mold spores may be suspended as particles. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ozone.html">Ozone</a>, a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. When ozone forms air pollution, it's also called smog.</p> <p>Some air pollutants are poisonous. Inhaling them can increase the chance you'll have health problems. People with heart or lung disease, older adults and children are at greater risk from air pollution. Air pollution isn't just outside - the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/indoorairpollution.html">air inside</a> buildings can also be polluted and affect your health.</p> <p class="">Environmental Protection Agency</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Contaminación del aire Air Pollution Spanish National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Environmental Health Indoor Air Pollution Ozone Pollution Prevention and Risk Factors American Lung Association Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Teenagers Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Statistics and Research Environmental Protection Agency Find an Expert American Lung Association Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Lung Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Lung Association Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Teenagers Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration PDF Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Statistics and Research American Lung Association Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics U.S. Geological Survey NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Beber alcohol Tomar vino <p>Muchos estadounidenses beben alcohol al menos ocasionalmente. Las Guías Alimentarias para Estadounidenses establecen que los adultos en edad legal para beber no deben beber o tomar con moderación. Es más saludable beber menor cantidad que más. Además, hay algunas personas que no deberían beber en lo absoluto.</p> <p>Si va a beber, es importante conocer cómo el alcohol puede afectarle y cuánto es demasiado.</p> <h3>¿Cómo el alcohol afecta al cuerpo?</h3> <p>El alcohol es un depresor del sistema nervioso central, es decir, es una droga que hace más lenta la actividad cerebral. Puede cambiar su estado de ánimo, comportamiento y autocontrol. Puede causar problemas con la memoria y pensar con claridad. También puede afectar su coordinación y control físico.</p> <p>Además, el alcohol tiene efectos en otros órganos del cuerpo. Por ejemplo, puede elevar la presión arterial y la frecuencia cardíaca. Si bebe demasiado de una vez, puede causar vómitos.</p> <h3>¿Por qué los efectos del alcohol son diferentes de persona a persona?</h3> <p>Los efectos del alcohol varían de persona a persona, dependiendo de una variedad de factores, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Cuánto bebe</li> <li>Cuán seguido bebe</li> <li>La cantidad de comida que consumió antes de beber</li> <li>Su edad</li> <li>Su sexo</li> <li>Su genética</li> <li>Su estado de salud</li> <li>Si tiene o no antecedentes familiares de problemas con el alcohol</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué es el consumo moderado de alcohol? </h3> <ul> <li>Para la mayoría de las mujeres, beber moderadamente significa no más de un trago estándar al día</li> <li>Para la mayoría de los hombres, significa no más de dos tragos estándar al día</li> </ul> <p>Si bien beber moderadamente puede ser seguro para muchas personas, hay ciertos riesgos. Beber en forma moderada puede aumentar el riesgo de muerte por ciertos tipos de cáncer y enfermedades del corazón.</p> <h3>¿Qué es un trago o bebida estándar?</h3> <p>En los Estados Unidos, un trago estándar (conocido también como unidad de bebida estándar) es aquella que contiene alrededor de 14 gramos de alcohol puro, que se encuentra en:</p> <ul> <li>12 onzas de cerveza normal (5% de contenido de alcohol)</li> <li>5 onzas de vino (12% de contenido de alcohol)</li> <li>1.5 onzas o un "trago" (shot, en inglés) de alcohol destilado o licor (40% de contenido de alcohol)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién no debería beber alcohol?</h3> <p>Algunas personas no deberían beber en absoluto, por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Personas que en rehabilitación por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">trastorno por consumo de alcohol </a></li> <li>Personas que no pueden controlar la cantidad que beben</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html">Menores de 21 años</a></li> <li>Mujeres <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">embarazadas</a> o que están tratando de quedar embarazadas</li> <li>Personas que están tomando medicamentos que pueden interactuar con el alcohol</li> <li>Personas con problemas médicos que pueden empeorar si beben alcohol</li> <li>Personas que vayan a conducir</li> <li>Personas que vayan a operar maquinaria o realizarán actividades que requieran habilidad, coordinación y estado de alerta </li> </ul> <p>Si tiene preguntas sobre si es seguro beber, hable con su profesional de la salud.</p> <h3>¿Qué es el consumo excesivo de alcohol?</h3> <p>El consumo excesivo de alcohol incluye los atracones de alcohol y consumir alcohol en exceso:</p> <ul> <li>El atracón de alcohol es beber tanto de una vez que su nivel de concentración de alcohol en la sangre (BAC) es del 0,08 % o más: <ul> <li>En el caso de los hombres, esto suele ocurrir después de tomar 5 o más tragos en pocas horas</li> <li>En el caso de las mujeres, suele ser después de unos 4 tragos o más en pocas horas</li> </ul> </li> <li>Consumo excesivo de alcohol significa: <ul> <li>Para hombres, tomar más de 5 tragos en cualquier día o más de 15 tragos por semana</li> <li>Para mujeres, tomar más de 4 tragos en cualquier día o más de 8 tragos por semana</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Los atracones de alcohol aumentan el riesgo de lesiones, accidentes automovilísticos o sobredosis. También puede ponerle en riesgo de volverle violento o ser víctima de violencia.</p> <p>Consumir alcohol en exceso durante demasiado tiempo puede causar problemas de salud como:</p> <ul> <li>Trastorno por consumo de alcohol</li> <li>Enfermedades del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hígado</a>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html">cirrosis</a> y enfermedad del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fattyliverdisease.html">hígado graso</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">Enfermedades cardíacas</a></li> <li>Mayor riesgo de ciertos tipos de cáncer</li> <li>Mayor riesgo de lesiones</li> </ul> <p>Consumir alcohol en exceso también puede causar problemas en el hogar, en el trabajo y con los amigos. Pero el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html">tratamiento</a> puede ayudar.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo</p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Alimentos y nutrición Alcohol Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo Alcohol y menores de edad Trastorno por consumo de alcohol Consumo de bebidas alcohólicas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Drinking <p>Many Americans drink alcohol at least occasionally. The <a href="https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2021-03/DGA_2020-2025_ExecutiveSummary_English.pdf"> Dietary Guidelines for Americans</a> say that adults of legal drinking age should either not drink or drink in moderation. Drinking less is better for your health than drinking more. Also, there are some people who should not drink at all.</p> <p>If you are going to drink, it's important to know how alcohol affects you and how much is too much.</p> <h3>How does alcohol affect the body?</h3> <p>Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. This means that it is a drug that slows down brain activity. It can change your mood, behavior, and self-control. It can cause problems with memory and thinking clearly. Alcohol can also affect your coordination and physical control.</p> <p>Alcohol also has effects on the other organs in your body. For example, it can raise your blood pressure and heart rate. If you drink too much at once, it could make you throw up.</p> <h3>Why are the effects of alcohol different from person to person?</h3> <p>Alcohol's effects vary from person to person, depending on a variety of factors, including:</p> <ul> <li>How much you drink</li> <li>How often you drink</li> <li>Your age</li> <li>Your sex</li> <li>Your genetics</li> <li>Your overall health</li> <li>Whether or not you have a family history of alcohol problems</li> </ul> <h3>What is moderate drinking?</h3> <ul> <li>For most women, moderate drinking is no more than 1 standard drink a day</li> <li>For most men, moderate drinking is no more than 2 standard drinks a day</li> </ul> <p>Even though moderate drinking may be safe for many people, there are still risks. Moderate drinking can raise the risk of death from certain cancers and heart diseases.</p> <h3>What is a standard drink?</h3> <p>In the United States, a standard drink is one that contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol, which is found in:</p><ul> <li>12 ounces of regular beer (5% alcohol content)</li> <li>5 ounces of wine (12% alcohol content)</li> <li>1.5 ounces or a "shot" of distilled spirits or liquor (40% alcohol content)</li> </ul> <h3>Who should not drink alcohol?</h3> <p>Some people should not drink alcohol at all, including those who:</p><ul> <li>Are in recovery from an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">alcohol use disorder</a> (AUD)</li> <li> Are are unable to control the amount they drink</li> <li>Are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html">under age 21</a></li> <li>Are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">pregnant</a> or trying to become pregnant</li> <li>Are taking medicines that can interact with alcohol</li> <li>Have medical conditions that get can worse if you drink alcohol</li> <li>Are planning on driving</li> <li>Will be operating machinery or doing activities that require skill, coordination, and alertness</li> </ul> <p>If you have questions about whether it is safe for you to drink, talk with your health care provider.</p> <h3>What is excessive drinking?</h3> <p>Excessive drinking includes binge drinking and heavy alcohol use:</p><ul> <li>Binge drinking is drinking so much at once that your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level is 0.08% or more: <ul> <li>For men, this usually happens after having 5 or more drinks within a few hours.</li> <li>For women, it is usually after about 4 or more drinks within a few hours.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Heavy alcohol use means: <ul> <li>For men, having more than 5 drinks on any day or more than 15 drinks per week.</li> <li>For women, having more than 4 drinks on any day or more than 8 drinks per week.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Binge drinking raises your risk of injuries, car crashes, and alcohol overdose. It also puts you at risk of becoming violent or being the victim of violence.</p> <p>Heavy alcohol use over a long period of time may cause health problems such as:</p><ul> <li>Alcohol use disorder (AUD)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">Liver diseases</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html">cirrhosis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fattyliverdisease.html">fatty liver disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart diseases</a></li> <li>Increased risk of certain cancers</li> <li>Increased risk of injuries</li> </ul> <p>Heavy alcohol use can also cause problems at home, at work, and with friends. But <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html">treatment</a> can help.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</p> Substance Use and Disorders Food and Nutrition Alcohol Alcohol Drinking Spanish National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Treatment Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Underage Drinking Alcohol Consumption Drinking Older Adults National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Health Check Tools National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Statistics and Research National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Specifics National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Health Check Tools National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Start Here National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Related Issues National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Easy-to-Read NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Specifics National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Related Issues National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Easy-to-Read NIH Related Issues National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism PDF NIH Health Check Tools National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Alcohol Abuse Alcohol dependence Alcoholism <h3>What is alcohol use disorder (AUD)?</h3> <p>For most adults, moderate <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> use is probably not harmful. However, about 18 million adult Americans have an alcohol use disorder (AUD). This means that their drinking causes distress and harm. AUD can range from mild to severe, depending on the symptoms. Severe AUD is sometimes called alcoholism or alcohol dependence.</p> <p>AUD is a disease that causes:</p><ul> <li>Craving - a strong need to drink</li> <li>Loss of control - not being able to stop drinking once you've started</li> <li>Negative emotional state - feeling anxious and irritable when you are not drinking</li> </ul> <h3>What is binge drinking?</h3> <p>Binge drinking is drinking so much at once that your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level is 0.08% or more. For a man, this usually happens after having 5 or more drinks within a few hours. For a woman, it is after about 4 or more drinks within a few hours. Not everyone who binge drinks has an AUD, but they are at higher risk for getting one.</p> <h3>What are the dangers of too much alcohol?</h3> <p>Too much alcohol is dangerous. Heavy drinking can increase the risk of certain cancers. It may lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver diseases</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fattyliverdisease.html">fatty liver disease</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html">cirrhosis</a>. It can also cause damage to the brain and other organs. Drinking during pregnancy can <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html">harm your baby</a>. Alcohol also increases the risk of death from car crashes, injuries, homicide, and suicide.</p> <h3>How do I know if I have an alcohol use disorder (AUD)?</h3> <p>You may have an AUD if you can answer yes to two or more of these questions:</p> <p>In the past year, have you:</p><ul> <li>Ended up drinking more or for a longer time than you had planned to?</li> <li>Wanted to cut down or stop drinking, or tried to, but couldn't?</li> <li>Spent a lot of your time drinking or recovering from drinking?</li> <li>Felt a strong need to drink?</li> <li>Found that drinking - or being sick from drinking - often interfered with your family life, job, or school?</li> <li>Kept drinking even though it was causing trouble with your family or friends?</li> <li>Given up or cut back on activities that you enjoyed just so you could drink?</li> <li>Gotten into dangerous situations while drinking or after drinking? Some examples are driving drunk and having unsafe sex.</li> <li>Kept drinking even though it was making you feel depressed or anxious? Or when it was adding to another health problem?</li> <li>Had to drink more and more to feel the effects of the alcohol?</li> <li>Had withdrawal symptoms when the alcohol was wearing off? They include trouble sleeping, shakiness, irritability, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>, restlessness, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html">sweating</a>. In severe cases, you could have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">seizures</a>, or hallucinations.</li> </ul> <p>If you have any of these symptoms, your drinking may already be a cause for concern. The more symptoms you have, the more serious the problem is.</p> <h3>What should I do if I think that I might have an alcohol use disorder (AUD)?</h3> <p>If you think you might have an AUD, see your health care provider for an evaluation. Your provider can help make a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html">treatment plan</a>, prescribe medicines, and if needed, give you treatment referrals.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</p> Substance Use and Disorders Trastorno por consumo de alcohol Alcoholism Spanish National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Treatment Cirrhosis Fatty Liver Disease Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Impaired Driving Underage Drinking Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Dependence Alcohol Withdrawal Alcoholism Binge Drinking Drinking Substance use Related Issues American Liver Foundation Video Statistics and Research National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Health Check Tools Department of Veterans Affairs Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Health Check Tools National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Living With American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Center for PTSD Journal Articles Start Here National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Living With American Academy of Family Physicians NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Start Here National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Related Issues National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Health Check Tools National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Alcohol Abuse Treatment Alcoholism Treatment <h3>What is an alcohol use disorder?</h3> <p>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">alcohol use disorder </a>(AUD) is drinking that causes distress and harm. It is a medical condition in which you:</p><ul> <li>Drink alcohol compulsively</li> <li>Can't control how much you drink</li> <li>Feel anxious, irritable, and/or stressed when you are not drinking</li> </ul> <p>An AUD can range from mild to severe, depending on the symptoms. Severe AUD is sometimes called alcoholism or alcohol dependence.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for alcohol use disorder?</h3> <p>Most people with an alcohol use disorder can benefit from some form of treatment. Medical treatments include medicines and behavioral therapies. For many people, using both types gives them the best results. People who are getting treatment for AUD may also find it helpful to go to a support group such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). If you have an AUD and a mental illness, it is important to get treatment for both.</p> <p>Some people may need intensive treatment for AUD. They may go to a residential treatment center for rehabilitation (rehab). Treatment there is highly structured. It usually includes several different kinds of behavioral therapies. It may also include medicines for detox (medical treatment for alcohol withdrawal) and/or for treating the AUD.</p> <h3>Which medicines can treat alcohol use disorder?</h3> <p>Three medicines are approved to treat AUD:</p><ul> <li><strong>Disulfiram</strong> causes unpleasant symptoms such as nausea and skin flushing whenever you drink alcohol. Knowing that drinking will cause these unpleasant effects may help you stay away from alcohol.</li> <li><strong>Naltrexone</strong> blocks the receptors in your brain that make you feel good when you drink alcohol. It can also reduce your craving for alcohol. This can help you cut back on your drinking.</li> <li><strong>Acamprosate</strong> helps you avoid alcohol after you have quit drinking. It works on multiple brain systems to reduce your cravings, especially just after you have quit drinking.</li> </ul> <p>Your health care provider can help you figure out if one of these medicines is right for you. They are not addictive, so you don't have to worry about trading one addiction for another. They are not a cure, but they can help you manage AUD. This is just like taking medicines to manage a chronic disease such as asthma or diabetes.</p> <h3>Which behavioral therapies can treat alcohol use disorder?</h3> <p>Another name for behavioral therapies for AUD is alcohol counseling. It involves working with a health care professional to identify and help change the behaviors that lead to your heavy drinking.:</p><ul> <li><strong>Cognitive-behavioral therapy</strong> (CBT) helps you identify the feelings and situations that can lead to heavy drinking. It teaches you coping skills, including how to manage stress and how to change the thoughts that cause you to want to drink. You may get CBT one-on-one with a therapist or in small groups.</li> <li><strong>Motivational enhancement therapy</strong> helps you build and strengthen the motivation to change your drinking behavior. It includes about four sessions over a short period of time. The therapy starts with identifying the pros and cons of seeking treatment. Then you and your therapist work on forming a plan for making changes in your drinking. The next sessions focus on building up your confidence and developing the skills you need to be able to stick to the plan.</li> <li><strong>Marital and family counseling</strong> includes spouses and other family members. It can help to repair and improve your family relationships. Studies show that strong family support through family therapy may help you to stay away from drinking.</li> <li><strong>Brief interventions</strong> are short, one-on-one or small-group counseling sessions. It includes one to four sessions. The counselor gives you information about your drinking pattern and potential risks. The counselor works with you to set goals and provide ideas that may help you make a change.</li> </ul> <h3>Is treatment for alcohol use disorder effective?</h3> <p>For most people, treatment for an AUD is helpful. But overcoming an alcohol use disorder is an ongoing process, and you may relapse (start drinking again). You should look at relapse as a temporary setback, and keep trying. Many people repeatedly try to cut back or quit drinking, have a setback, then try to quit again. Having a relapse does not mean that you cannot recover. If you do relapse, it is important to return to treatment right away, so you can learn more about your relapse triggers and improve your coping skills. This may help you be more successful the next time.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</p> Substance Use and Disorders Tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de alcohol Alcohol-Related Disorders therapy Alcohol-Related Disorders drug therapy Spanish National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Specifics American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Related Issues National Institutes of Health PDF NIH Statistics and Research National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Find an Expert National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Start Here National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Journal Articles Specifics National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Start Here National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Start Here American Psychological Association Specifics Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Specifics Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Adolescentes y el alcohol <p>El alcohol es la sustancia con el mayor uso indebido por los jóvenes en los Estados Unidos. Los jóvenes que beben alcohol están en un gran riesgo en cuanto a su salud y su seguridad. Es peligroso porque:</p><ul> <li>Provoca muchas muertes y lesiones</li> <li>Puede conducir a malas decisiones sobre comportamientos riesgosos, como beber y conducir o tener relaciones sexuales sin protección</li> <li>Aumenta el riesgo de abuso físico y sexual</li> <li>Puede conducir a otros problemas, como dificultades en la escuela</li> <li>Puede interferir con el desarrollo del cerebro</li> <li>Aumenta el riesgo de problemas con el alcohol más tarde en la vida</li> </ul> <p>Los niños a menudo comienzan a beber para ser más populares o encajar con sus compañeros. Los padres pueden ayudar a sus hijos a evitar los problemas con el alcohol. Es importante la comunicación abierta y tener conversaciones sobre la bebida. Lo mismo el estar involucrado en la vida de su hijo. Busque ayuda para su hijo si sospecha que tiene un problema con la bebida. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo</p> Niños y adolescentes Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Underage Drinking Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo Alcohol Trastorno por consumo de alcohol Adolescentes y el consumo de alcohol Alcohol, Menores de edad Jóvenes y las bebidas alcohólicas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Hipersensibilidad Reacción adversa <p>Una alergia es una reacción de su sistema inmunitario hacia algo que no molesta a la mayoría de las demás personas. Quienes tienen alergias suelen ser sensibles a más de una cosa. Las sustancias que suelen causar reacciones son:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hayfever.html">Polen</a> </li> <li> Ácaros del polvo </li> <li>Esporas de moho</li> <li> Caspa de animales</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html">Alimentos</a></li> <li> Picaduras de insectos </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">Medicinas</a> </li> </ul> <p>Normalmente, su sistema inmunitario combate los gérmenes. Es el sistema de defensa de su cuerpo. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de las reacciones alérgicas responde a una falsa alarma. Los genes y el medio ambiente probablemente tienen un rol en las alergias.</p> <p>Las alergias pueden provocar una serie de síntomas como goteos nasales, estornudos, picazón, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">sarpullidos</a>, edema (hinchazón) o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">asma</a>. Las alergias van de leves a severas. Una reacción severa llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html">anafilaxia</a> puede resultar fatal. Los médicos usan pruebas de piel y sangre para diagnosticar las alergias. Los tratamientos incluyen medicinas, inyecciones y evitar las sustancias que causan las alergias.</p> Oído, nariz y garganta Sistema inmunitario Allergy Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Alergia a los alimentos Alergia al látex Anafilaxia Asma Contaminación de interiores Interacciones y efectos secundarios de los medicamentos Rinitis alérgica Sinusitis Urticaria Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Niños/as Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología PDF Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Alergia a las comidas Alergia alimentaria <h3>¿Qué es una alergia alimentaria?</h3> <p>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">alergia</a> alimentaria es una reacción anormal del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> a ciertos alimentos. Su sistema inmunitario normalmente lo protege de los gérmenes. Pero si usted tiene una alergia alimentaria, su sistema inmunitario reacciona por error a ciertos alimentos como si fueran dañinos. Esta reacción suele ser leve. Pero en algunos casos puede ser grave o incluso poner en riesgo la vida.</p> <p>Una intolerancia alimentaria es diferente a una alergia alimentaria. Si tiene una intolerancia alimentaria, también tiene síntomas al comer ese alimento, pero estos suelen ser sólo síntomas digestivos, como hinchazón y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html">gases</a>. Además, una intolerancia no es una reacción del sistema inmunitario.</p> <p>La mayoría de las alergias alimentarias son causadas por:</p> <ul> <li>Leche de vaca</li> <li>Huevos de gallina</li> <li>Mariscos crustáceos, como camarones, cangrejos, langostas y cangrejos de río</li> <li>Pescado</li> <li>Cacahuates (maní)</li> <li>Sésamo</li> <li>Soja</li> <li>Frutos secos, como almendras, nueces y pecanas</li> <li>Trigo</li> </ul> <p>Las personas con alergia alimentaria pueden ser alérgicas a más de un tipo de alimento.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener una alergia alimentaria?</h3> <p>Tanto niños como adultos pueden tener alergias alimentarias. Algunos niños superan sus alergias alimentarias con la edad. Y, en ocasiones, las personas pueden desarrollar alergias alimentarias en la edad adulta.</p> <p>Ciertos factores pueden aumentar la probabilidad de tener una alergia alimentaria, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html">eccema</a>: Enfermedad que causa inflamación, enrojecimiento e irritación de la piel. Su sistema inmunitario también juega un papel en el eczema</li> <li>Tener asma u otras alergias, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hayfever.html">rinitis alérgica</a> (fiebre del heno)</li> <li>Los genes: Ciertos genes pueden influir en el desarrollo de alergias alimentarias. Y es más probable que tenga alergias alimentarias si alguien en su familia tiene alergias, asma o eccema</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las alergias alimentarias?</h3> <p>Si es alérgico a un alimento que ha comido, puede tener varios síntomas. Estos no siempre son los mismos para todas las personas. Y es posible que los síntomas que usted tenga cada vez que ingiera el alimento no siempre sean los mismos. Por ejemplo, sus síntomas a veces pueden depender de la cantidad de comida que consumió.</p> <p>En general, los síntomas de alergia alimentaria comienzan entre unos minutos y dos horas después de ingerir ese alimento. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hives.html">Urticaria</a></li> <li>Piel enrojecida o sarpullido</li> <li>Sensación de hormigueo o picazón en la boca</li> <li>Hinchazón de la cara, la lengua o los labios</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vómitos</a> y/o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a></li> <li>Calambres abdominales</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a> o sibilancias</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a> y/o aturdimiento</li> <li>Hinchazón de la garganta y las cuerdas vocales</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a></li> </ul> <p>En casos raros, una alergia alimentaria puede causar una reacción potencialmente mortal llamada anafilaxia. Puede comenzar con algunos síntomas más leves, pero luego se vuelve más grave. Puede ocasionar:</p> <ul> <li>Estrechamiento de las vías respiratorias en los pulmones</li> <li>Problemas serios para respirar debido a la hinchazón de la garganta</li> <li>Disminución grave de la presión arterial y shock ("shock anafiláctico")</li> <li>Desmayo</li> </ul> <p>Esta es una emergencia médica. Llame al 911 si alguien tiene síntomas de anafilaxia.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las alergias alimentarias?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene una alergia alimentaria, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntar acerca de sus síntomas, historia médica familiar e historia clínica, incluyendo sobre otras alergias</li> <li>Probablemente le hagan un examen físico</li> <li>Realizar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-alergias-alimentarias/">pruebas de alergia alimentaria</a>: Esto puede implicar pruebas de piel, análisis de sangre, una dieta de eliminación de alimentos y/o una prueba de provocación alimentaria oral. Una prueba de provocación oral con alimentos es la prueba de alergia alimentaria más precisa</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las alergias alimentarias?</h3> <p>No existe cura para las alergias alimentarias. La única forma de prevenir una reacción es evitar comer el alimento al que es alérgico. Existen medicamentos para personas con alergias alimentarias, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Medicamentos para reducir los síntomas de alergia alimentaria, como antihistamínicos y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a></li> <li>Medicamentos para reducir las reacciones alérgicas, incluidas las reacciones graves</li> <li>Epinefrina, un medicamento para tratar la anafilaxia. Su profesional de la salud puede recetarle un autoinyector de epinefrina, un dispositivo que se usa para inyectar epinefrina cuando alguien tiene síntomas de anafilaxia. Si le recetaron uno, es importante que aprenda a usarlo y a llevarlo consigo en todo momento</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene alergia alimentaria, es una buena idea tener una pulsera de alerta médica que indique cuál es su alergia.</p> Sistema inmunitario Alimentos y nutrición Food Allergy Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Alergia Anafilaxia Enfermedad celíaca Intolerancia a la lactosa Alergia a las comidas Alergia alimentaria Alimentos, Alergia Comidas, Alergia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos <p>El látex es un líquido lechoso que proviene del árbol tropical del caucho. Cientos de productos de uso cotidiano contienen látex. La exposición repetida a una proteína del látex natural puede aumentar sus probabilidades de desarrollar una alergia a este producto. Si su sistema inmunitario detecta esta proteína, puede causar una reacción en cuestión de minutos. Podría aparecer sarpullido, asma y, en raros casos, shock anafiláctico por exposición al látex. </p> <p>Su doctor puede diagnosticar la alergia al látex por medio de un examen físico y exámenes de piel y de sangre. Existen medicamentos para tratar la reacción pero lo mejor es evitar estar expuesto al látex. Estos son los lugares más comunes donde se lo encuentra:</p> <ul> <li> Guantes </li> <li> Preservativos</li> <li> Globos</li> <li> Bandas elásticas </li> <li> Suelas de zapatos </li> <li>Chupones (chupetes) </li> </ul> <p>Se pueden encontrar versiones sin látex de estos productos. </p> Sistema inmunitario Latex Allergy Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Alergia Anafilaxia Látex, Alergia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Hypersensitivity <p>An allergy is a reaction by your immune system to something that does not bother most other people. People who have allergies often are sensitive to more than one thing. Substances that often cause reactions are:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hayfever.html">Pollen</a></li> <li>Dust mites</li> <li>Mold spores</li> <li>Pet dander</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html">Food</a></li> <li>Insect stings</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">Medicines</a></li> </ul> <p>Normally, your immune system fights germs. It is your body's defense system. In most allergic reactions, however, it is responding to a false alarm. Genes and the environment probably both play a role.</p> <p>Allergies can cause a variety of symptoms such as a runny nose, sneezing, itching, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rashes</a>, swelling, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">asthma</a>. Allergies can range from minor to severe. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html">Anaphylaxis</a> is a severe reaction that can be life-threatening. Doctors use skin and blood tests to diagnose allergies. Treatments include medicines, allergy shots, and avoiding the substances that cause the reactions.</p> Ear, Nose and Throat Immune System Alergia Hypersensitivity Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Anaphylaxis Asthma Drug Reactions Food Allergy Hay Fever Hives Indoor Air Pollution Latex Allergy Sinusitis Allergic Rhinitis Hypersensitivity Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Teenagers Nemours Foundation Videos and Tutorials Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology PDF Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine Video NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Jewish Health Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Reference Desk National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Test Your Knowledge American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Children American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children American Academy of Pediatrics AATD Alpha-1 Inherited emphysema <h3>What is alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT deficiency)?</h3> <p>Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT deficiency, or AATD) is an inherited condition that raises your risk for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">lung</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver</a> disease. If you have this condition, your body doesn't make enough alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT).</p> <p>AAT is made by your liver. It helps protect your lungs from inflammation and irritating substances you might breathe in, such as smoke. If your liver doesn't make enough AAT, your lungs may be more easily damaged from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">smoking</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html">pollution</a>, or dust from the environment. This can lead to a serious lung condition called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a>). AAT deficiency may also cause a liver disease called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html">cirrhosis</a>. This is more common in children who have AAT deficiency.</p> <h3>What causes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT deficiency)?</h3> <p>AAT deficiency is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic disorder</a>. That means it's caused by changes in your genes, which may also be called gene variants or mutations.</p> <p>Your genes carry information that controls what you look like and how your body works. AAT deficiency is caused by changes in the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/serpina1/"><em>SERPINA1</em> gene</a>, which carries instructions for making the AAT protein. These gene changes are inherited from your parents, so AAT deficiency tends to run in families:</p> <ul> <li><strong>If you have two mutated copies of the gene,</strong> it means you have a condition called AAT deficiency. People with this disorder have a higher risk of getting lung disease or liver damage before the age of 45.</li> <li><strong>If you have one mutated copy of the gene,</strong> you are a carrier of AAT deficiency. In these cases, this means you are at slightly higher risk of developing lung disease, especially if you have other risk factors, such as being a smoker. You could still pass the mutated gene on to your children.</li> </ul> <p>There are a few gene changes that cause AAT deficiency. These gene changes can:</p> <ul> <li>Decrease the amount of AAT protein your liver makes.</li> <li>Prevent your liver from making any AAT.</li> <li>Affect the shape of the AAT protein so that it can't move out of your liver to protect your lungs. Over time, AAT builds up in your liver and causes damage.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT deficiency)?</h3> <p>Some people who have AAT deficiency do not have any symptoms. For those who do, symptoms usually appear in people between 20 and 50 years old. These symptoms may include:</p> <ul> <li>Wheezing</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a>, especially after exercise</li> <li>Chronic <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">cough</a> with phlegm (mucus)</li> <li>Repeated respiratory infections such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">colds</a> and the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Faster-than-normal heartbeat when you stand up</li> <li>Vision problems</li> <li>Losing weight without trying</li> </ul> <p>Some people who have AAT deficiency may have liver damage. Signs of liver damage include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html">jaundice</a> (a condition that causes your skin and eyes to turn yellow) and swelling in your legs.</p> <p>Rarely, AAT deficiency can cause skin problems, such as painful lumps or patches.</p> <h3>How is alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT deficiency) diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-1-antitrypsin-test/">test you for AAT deficiency</a> if you have:</p> <ul> <li>Symptoms of AAT deficiency</li> <li>A condition that could be related to AAT deficiency</li> <li>Relatives who have AAT deficiency</li> <li>Relatives who have a lung or liver disease that could be related to AAT deficiency</li> </ul> <p>AAT deficiency in babies often affects the liver. Your baby may need AAT testing if he or she has signs of liver disease such as jaundice or abnormal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">liver enzyme tests</a>.</p> <p>A blood test can check the level of AAT protein in your blood. If the level is lower than normal, it is likely that you have AAT deficiency.</p> <p>A genetic test is the most certain way to check for AAT deficiency and should be done to confirm the results of the blood test. There are two types of genetic tests:</p> <ul> <li>A genotype test looks for the more common types of gene changes that can cause AAT deficiency.</li> <li>A phenotype test checks for changes in the AAT protein that change how it would normally work.</li> </ul> <p>If your lungs are affected, you may also have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">lung function tests</a> to see how well your lungs are working.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT deficiency)?</h3> <p>There is no cure for AAT deficiency, but there are treatments to help with the symptoms and slow the lung damage it causes. Treatment options may include:</p> <ul> <li>Inhaled medicines to help you breathe better.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">Pulmonary rehabilitation</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">Oxygen therapy</a>.</li> <li>Augmentation therapy, which is a lifelong treatment. It raises the levels of the AAT protein in your lungs, using ATT protein taken from the blood of donors. It helps slow down lung damage. It cannot prevent liver damage.</li> <li>Lung surgery or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html">lung transplant</a>, if your lungs are severely damaged.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html">Liver transplant</a>, if your liver is severely damaged.</li> </ul> <p>To help prevent or delay lung damage, it is important to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quit smoking</a> (if you smoke) and avoid <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">secondhand smoke</a>, dust, and air pollution. Ask your provider If you need to stop drinking alcohol.</p> Lungs and Breathing Genetics/Birth Defects Deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute COPD Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Lung Association Start Here National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles <p>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caregivers.html">caregiver</a> gives care to someone who needs help taking care of themselves. It can be rewarding. It may help to strengthen connections to a loved one. You may feel fulfillment from helping someone else. But sometimes caregiving can be stressful and even overwhelming. This can be especially true when caring for someone with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a> (AD).</p> <p>AD is an illness that changes the brain. It causes people to lose the ability to remember, think, and use good judgment. They also have trouble taking care of themselves. Over time, as the disease gets worse, they will need more and more help. As a caregiver, it is important for you to learn about AD. You will want to know what happens to the person during the different stages of the disease. This can help you plan for the future, so that you will have all of the resources you will need to be able to take care of your loved one.</p> <p>As a caregiver for someone with AD, your responsibilities can include:</p><ul> <li>Getting your loved one's health, legal, and financial affairs in order. If possible, include them in the planning while they can still make decisions. Later you will need to take over managing their finances and paying their bills. </li><li>Evaluating their house and making sure it's safe for their needs</li> <li>Monitoring their ability to drive. You may want to hire a driving specialist who can test their driving skills. When it is no longer safe for your loved one to drive, you need to make sure that they stop.</li> <li>Encouraging your loved one to get some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html">physical activity</a>. Exercising together may make it more fun for them.</li> <li>Making sure that your loved one has a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html">healthy diet</a></li> <li>Helping with daily tasks like bathing, eating, or taking medicine</li> <li>Doing housework and cooking</li> <li>Running errands such as shopping for food and clothes</li> <li>Driving them to appointments</li> <li>Providing company and emotional support</li> <li>Arranging medical care and making health decisions</li> </ul> <p>As you care for your loved one with AD, don't ignore your own needs. Caregiving can be stressful, and you need to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html">take care of your own physical and mental health</a>.</p> <p>At some point, you will not be able to do everything on your own. Make sure that you get help when you need it. There are many different services available, including:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/homecareservices.html">Home care services</a></li> <li>Adult day care services</li> <li>Respite services, which provide short-term care for the person with AD</li> <li>Federal and state government programs that can provide financial support and services</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedliving.html">Assisted living facilities</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nursinghomes.html">Nursing homes</a>, some of which have special memory care units for people with AD</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/palliativecare.html">Palliative</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hospicecare.html">hospice</a> care</li> </ul> <p>You might consider hiring a geriatric care manager. They are specially trained professionals who can help you to find the right services for your needs.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Older Adults Brain and Nerves Social/Family Issues Proveedores de atención al paciente con Alzheimer Caregivers Alzheimer Disease Spanish National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Disease Caregiver Health Caregivers Caregivers for Alzheimer's Disease Find an Expert USAging Related Issues Alzheimer's Association Find an Expert Alzheimer's Association Reference Desk National Institute on Aging NIH Patient Handouts Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research Alzheimer's Association Video Reference Desk Alzheimer's Association Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIH MedlinePlus Magazine Start Here National Institute on Aging PDF NIH Patient Handouts Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Patient Handouts Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging Video NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Family Caregiver Alliance Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF Start Here Administration for Community Living PDF Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF Related Issues Alzheimer's Association Specifics Alzheimer's Association PDF Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues Alzheimer's Association PDF Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Journal Articles Specifics Department of Health and Human Services Patient Handouts Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging Video NIH AD <p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html">dementia</a> among older people. Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person's ability to carry out daily activities. </p> <p>AD begins slowly. It first involves the parts of the brain that control thought, memory and language. People with AD may have trouble remembering things that happened recently or names of people they know. A related problem, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mildcognitiveimpairment.html">mild cognitive impairment</a> (MCI), causes more memory problems than normal for people of the same age. Many, but not all, people with MCI will develop AD.</p> <p>In AD, over time, symptoms get worse. People may not recognize family members. They may have trouble speaking, reading or writing. They may forget how to brush their teeth or comb their hair. Later on, they may become anxious or aggressive, or wander away from home. Eventually, they need total care. This can cause great stress for family members who must <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimerscaregivers.html">care</a> for them.</p> <p>AD usually begins after age 60. The risk goes up as you get older. Your risk is also higher if a family member has had the disease.</p> <p> No treatment can stop the disease. However, some drugs may help keep symptoms from getting worse for a limited time.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Mental Health and Behavior Older Adults Brain and Nerves Enfermedad de Alzheimer Alzheimer Vaccines Alzheimer Disease Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Caregivers Caregivers Dementia Memory Mild Cognitive Impairment Symptoms Alzheimer's Association Specifics National Institute on Aging Easy-to-Read NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research Alzheimer's Association Find an Expert Alzheimer's Association Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Statistics and Research Alzheimer's Association Video Genetics National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services Related Issues Alzheimer's Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Institute on Aging NIH Reference Desk Alzheimer's Association Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Alzheimer's Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts National Institute on Aging NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Living With National Institute on Aging Video NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Living With Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Clinical Trials Department of Health and Human Services Statistics and Research National Institute on Aging NIH Patient Handouts National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Videos and Tutorials National Institute on Aging Video NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute on Aging NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute on Aging NIH Genetics National Institute on Aging Easy-to-Read NIH Infographic Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Living With National Institute on Aging NIH Clinical Trials National Institute on Aging NIH Clinical Trials National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services Living With Department of Health and Human Services Statistics and Research National Institute on Aging NIH Living With Alzheimer's Association Specifics Alzheimer's Association Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute on Aging NIH Living With National Institute on Aging NIH Living With Alzheimer's Association Statistics and Research Alzheimer's Association Treatments and Therapies Alzheimer's Association Related Issues National Institute on Aging PDF NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Symptoms National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Ojo perezoso Ojo vago <p>Ambliopía u "ojo perezoso" es uno de los problemas más comunes de la visión en niños. Esto sucede porque uno de los ojos no se comunica bien con el cerebro. El ojo puede parecer normal pero el cerebro "prefiere" el otro ojo. En algunos casos, los dos ojos pueden estar afectados. </p> <p>Las causas incluyen:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyemovementdisorders.html">Estrabismo</a> u ojo bizco: Afección en la cual los ojos no miran en la misma dirección</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html">Errores de refracción</a> en un ojo: Cuando uno de los ojos no puede focalizar tan bien como el otro por un problema de su forma. Esto incluye miopía, hipermetropía (hiperopía) y astigmatismo.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html">Catarata</a>: Opaca o nubla el lente del ojo</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento para la ambliopía es forzar a usar el ojo perezoso. Hay dos maneras de hacer esto. Uno es que el niño use el parche en el ojo "bueno" por varias horas todos los días por unas semanas o meses. La otra es con gotas que nublan la visión temporariamente. En este caso, se coloca una gota de una medicina que se llama atropina en el ojo "bueno" del niño. A veces, también es necesario tratar la causa subyacente. Esto puede incluir anteojos o cirugía. </p> <p class=""> NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo </p> Ojos y visión Amblyopia Instituto Nacional del Ojo Enfermedades de los ojos Problemas y pérdida de la visión Ojo perezoso Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Oftalmología Video Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Lazy eye <p> Amblyopia, or "lazy eye," is the most common cause of visual impairment in children. It happens when an eye fails to work properly with the brain. The eye may look normal, but the brain favors the other eye. In some cases, it can affect both eyes. Causes include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyemovementdisorders.html">Strabismus</a> - a disorder in which the two eyes don't line up in the same direction</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html">Refractive error</a> in an eye - when one eye cannot focus as well as the other, because of a problem with its shape. This includes nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html">Cataract</a> - a clouding in the lens of the eye</li> </ul> <p>It can be hard to diagnose amblyopia. It is often found during a routine vision exam.</p> <p>Treatment for amblyopia forces the child to use the eye with weaker vision. There are two common ways to do this. One is to have the child wear a patch over the good eye for several hours each day, over a number of weeks to months. The other is with eye drops that temporarily blur vision. Each day, the child gets a drop of a drug called atropine in the stronger eye. It is also sometimes necessary to treat the underlying cause. This could include glasses or surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Eye Institute</p> Eyes and Vision Ambliopía Amblyopia Spanish National Eye Institute Eye Diseases Vision Impairment and Blindness Lazy Eye Start Here American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Patient Handouts National Eye Institute NIH Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Alaska Native health American Indian health <p>Every racial or ethnic group has specific health concerns. Differences in the health of groups can result from:</p> <ul> <li>Genetics</li> <li>Environmental factors</li> <li>Access to care</li> <li>Cultural factors</li> </ul> <p>On this page, you'll find links to health issues that affect American Indians and Alaska Natives.</p> Population Groups Salud de los indios americanos y nativos de Alaska American Indian or Alaska Native Spanish National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Alaska Native Health American Indian Health Arctic Health Tribal Health Statistics and Research Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Related Issues Indian Health Service Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Specifics Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Related Issues Indian Health Service Statistics and Research Indian Health Service Statistics and Research Indian Health Service Find an Expert Indian Health Service Related Issues Indian Health Service Find an Expert Indian Health Service Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Prevention and Risk Factors Indian Health Service Find an Expert National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center Library Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Indian Health Service Statistics and Research Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Inflamación de las amígdalas <h3>¿Qué son las amígdalas?</h3> <p>Las amígdalas son masas de tejido en la parte posterior de la garganta. Hay dos de ellas, una a cada lado. Junto con las adenoides, las amígdalas son parte del sistema linfático. El sistema linfático elimina las infecciones y mantiene equilibrados los fluidos corporales. Las adenoides y las amígdalas atrapan gérmenes que entran por la boca y la nariz.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la amigdalitis?</h3> <p>La amigdalitis es una inflamación de las amígdalas. A veces, junto con la amigdalitis, las adenoides también se hinchan.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la amigdalitis?</h3> <p>La causa de la amigdalitis suele ser una infección viral. Las infecciones bacterianas como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html">faringitis estreptocócica</a> también pueden causar amigdalitis.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener amigdalitis?</h3> <p>La amigdalitis es más común en niños mayores de dos años. Casi todos los niños de los Estados Unidos la padecen al menos una vez. La amigdalitis causada por bacterias es más común en niños de cinco a 15 años. La amigdalitis causada por un virus es más común en los niños más pequeños. Los adultos pueden contraer amigdalitis, pero no es muy común.</p> <h3>¿Es contagiosa la amigdalitis?</h3> <p>Aunque la amigdalitis no es contagiosa, los virus y las bacterias que la causan sí lo son. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">lavado de manos</a> frecuente puede ayudar a prevenir el propagar o contraer estas infecciones.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la amigdalitis?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de amigdalitis incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html">Dolor de garganta</a>, que puede ser grave</li> <li>Amígdalas rojas e hinchadas</li> <li>Dificultad para tragar</li> <li>Una capa blanca o amarilla sobre las amígdalas</li> <li>Glándulas inflamadas en el cuello</li> <li>Fiebre</li> <li>Mal aliento</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuándo es necesario que mi hijo vea a un profesional de la salud por amigdalitis?</h3> <p>Debe llamar a su proveedor de atención médica si su hijo:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene dolor de garganta por más de dos días</li> <li>Tiene dificultad o dolor para tragar</li> <li>Se siente muy enfermo o muy débil</li> </ul> <p>Debe buscar atención de emergencia si su hijo:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene dificultad para respirar</li> <li>Comienza a babear </li> <li>Tiene muchos problemas para tragar</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la amigdalitis?</h3> <p>Para diagnosticar la amigdalitis, el proveedor de atención médica de su hijo le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y su historia clínica. El proveedor examinará la garganta y el cuello de su hijo, buscando síntomas como enrojecimiento o manchas blancas en las amígdalas e hinchazón de los ganglios linfáticos.</p> <p>Es probable que su hijo también tenga una o más pruebas para detectar amigdalitis estreptocócica, ya que puede requerir tratamiento. Puede ser una prueba rápida de estreptococo, un cultivo de garganta, o ambos. Para estas pruebas el proveedor utiliza un hisopo de algodón para recoger una muestra de fluido de las amígdalas y la parte posterior de la garganta de su hijo. La prueba rápida de estreptococo se hace en la consulta y obtendrá los resultados en pocos minutos. El cultivo de garganta se hace en un laboratorio y normalmente toma unos días obtener los resultados. El cultivo de garganta es una prueba más confiable. A veces, si la prueba rápida de estreptococo es negativa (lo que significa que no muestra ninguna bacteria estreptocócica), el proveedor también hará un cultivo de garganta sólo para asegurarse de que su hijo no tiene estreptococo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la amigdalitis?</h3> <p>El tratamiento de la amigdalitis depende de la causa. Si la causa es un virus, no hay medicina para tratarlo. Si la causa es una infección bacteriana, como la faringitis estreptocócica, su hijo necesitará tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>. Es importante que su hijo termine el tratamiento con antibióticos incluso si se siente mejor. Si el tratamiento se detiene demasiado pronto, algunas bacterias pueden sobrevivir y volver a infectar a su hijo.</p> <p>Independientemente de lo que esté causando la amigdalitis, hay algunas cosas que puede hacer para ayudar a su hijo a sentirse mejor. Asegúrese de que su hijo:</p> <ul> <li>Obtiene mucho descanso</li> <li>Bebe mucho líquido</li> <li>Prueba alimentos blandos si le duele tragar</li> <li>Trata de consumir líquidos calientes o alimentos fríos como paletas de helado para calmar la garganta</li> <li>Está libre del humo del cigarrillo o cualquier otra cosa que pueda irritar la garganta</li> <li>Duerme en una habitación con un humidificador</li> <li>Hace gárgaras con agua salada</li> <li>Chupa una pastilla para la garganta (excepto a niños menores de cuatro años, ya que pueden ahogarse con ellas)</li> <li>Toma un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésico</a> sin receta como acetaminofén. Los niños y adolescentes no deben tomar aspirina</li> </ul> <p>En algunos casos, su hijo puede necesitar una amigdalectomía.</p> <h3>¿Qué es una amigdalectomía y por qué mi hijo necesita una?</h3> <p>Una amigdalectomía es la cirugía para extirpar las amígdalas. Es posible que su hijo la necesite si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene amigdalitis a menudo</li> <li>Tiene amigdalitis bacteriana que no mejora con los antibióticos</li> <li>Sus amígdalas son demasiado grandes y causan dificultad para respirar o tragar</li> </ul> <p>Después de la cirugía, su hijo generalmente puede volver a la casa. Los niños muy pequeños y las personas que tienen complicaciones pueden necesitar permanecer en el hospital durante la noche. Puede tardar una semana o dos antes de que su hijo se recupere completamente de la cirugía.</p> Niños y adolescentes Oído, nariz y garganta Salud oral y dental Sistema inmunitario Tonsillitis Adenoides Enfermedades de la boca Amígdalas, Inflamación Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Amilidosis <p>La amiloidosis ocurre cuando proteínas anormales llamadas amiloides se acumulan y forman depósitos. Estos depósitos pueden concentrarse en ciertos órganos como los riñones y el corazón. Esto puede causar que el órgano se vuelva rígido y no pueda funcionar como debería. </p> <p>Hay tres tipos de amiloidosis:</p> <ul><li> Primaria: sin causa conocida </li> <li>Secundaria: causada por otra enfermedad, incluyendo ciertos tipos de cáncer</li> <li>Hereditaria: se transmite por los genes</li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas pueden variar dependiendo del órgano afectado. El tratamiento depende del tipo de amiloidosis que usted tenga. El objetivo es aliviar los síntomas y limitar la producción de proteínas. Si la causa es otra enfermedad, se debe tratar. </p> Problemas del metabolismo Amyloidosis Trastornos metabólicos Amiloide Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH <p>Metabolism is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Your digestive system breaks the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body. If you have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html">metabolic disorder</a>, something goes wrong with this process.</p> <p>One group of these disorders is amino acid metabolism disorders. They include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/phenylketonuria.html">phenylketonuria</a> (PKU) and maple syrup urine disease. Amino acids are "building blocks" that join together to form proteins. If you have one of these disorders, your body may have trouble breaking down certain amino acids. Or there may be a problem getting the amino acids into your cells. These problems cause a buildup of harmful substances in your body. That can lead to serious, sometimes life-threatening, health problems.</p> <p>These disorders are usually inherited. A baby who is born with one may not have any symptoms right away. Because the disorders can be so serious, early diagnosis and treatment are critical. Newborn babies get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">screened</a> for many of them, using blood tests.</p> <p>Treatments may include special diets, medicines, and supplements. Some babies may also need additional treatments if there are complications.</p> Metabolic Problems Trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors Spanish Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders Dietary Proteins Lipid Metabolism Disorders Metabolic Disorders Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Find an Expert Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation <b>¿Qué son las ampollas?</b> <p>Las ampollas son sacos llenos de líquido en la capa externa de la piel. Se forman debido al roce, calor o enfermedades de la piel. Son más comunes en las manos y los pies.</p> <p>Otro nombre para las ampollas es vesícula (generalmente para ampollas más pequeñas) y bula (para las más grandes).</p> <b>¿Cuál es la causa de las ampollas?</b> <p>Las ampollas ocurren a menudo cuando hay fricción (roce o presión) en un lugar. Por ejemplo, si sus zapatos no calzan bien y frotan parte de su pie. O si usted no usa guantes cuando rastrilla las hojas y su mano está en constante roce con el mango. Otras causas de ampollas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html">Quemaduras</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">Quemaduras de sol</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/frostbite.html">Congelación</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html">Eccema</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">Reacciones alérgicas</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisonivyoakandsumac.html">Hiedra, roble y zumaque venenosos</a></li> <li>Enfermedades autoinmunes como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pemphigus.html">pénfigo</a></li> <li>Epidermólisis bullosa, una enfermedad que vuelve frágil a la piel</li> <li>Infecciones virales como la varicela zoster (virus que causa la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html">varicela</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html">culebrilla</a>) y el herpes simple (que causa el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldsores.html">herpes labial</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html">Infecciones de la piel</a> incluyendo el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html">impétigo</a></li> </ul> <b>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las ampollas?</b> <p>En general, se curan por sí solas. La piel sobre la ampolla ayuda a evitar las infecciones. Usted puede poner una venda para mantenerla limpia. Asegúrese de que no haya más roce o fricción en la ampolla. </p> <p>Debe comunicarse con su proveedor de atención médica si:</p> <ul> <li>La ampolla parece infectada, si está drenando pus, o el área alrededor de la ampolla está roja, hinchada, caliente o muy dolorosa</li> <li>Tiene fiebre</li> <li>Tiene varias ampollas, especialmente si no sabe qué las está causando</li> <li>Tiene problemas de salud como problemas de circulación o diabetes</li> </ul> <p>En general, no se deben drenar las ampollas por el riesgo de infección. Pero si una ampolla es grande, dolorosa o parece que se reventará por sí sola, usted puede drenar el líquido. Esto debería reducir su dolor. </p> <b>¿Cómo se pueden prevenir las ampollas?</b> <p>Existen algunas cosas que usted puede hacer para prevenir que aparezcan ampollas por roce:</p> <ul> <li>Asegúrese que sus zapatos calcen en forma correcta</li> <li>Siempre use calcetines con sus zapatos y asegúrese de que los calcetines calcen bien. Los calcetines de acrílico o nylon podrían ayudar a mantener sus pies frescos y libres de humedad </li> <li>Use guantes o equipo de protección en sus manos cuando ocupe cualquier herramienta o equipo deportivo que cause roce</li> </ul> Piel, cabello y uñas Blisters Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>Amyloidosis occurs when abnormal proteins called amyloids build up and form deposits. The deposits can collect in organs such as the kidney and heart. This can cause the organs to become stiff and unable to work the way they should. </p> <p>There are three main types of amyloidosis:</p> <ul> <li>Primary - with no known cause</li> <li>Secondary - caused by another disease, including some types of cancer</li> <li>Familial - passed down through genes</li> </ul> <p>Symptoms can vary, depending upon which organs are affected. Treatment depends on the type of amyloidosis you have. The goal is to help with symptoms and limit the production of proteins. If another disease is the cause, it needs to be treated.</p> Metabolic Problems Amiloidosis Amyloidosis Spanish Metabolic Disorders Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert Amyloidosis Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH ALS Lou Gehrig's disease <p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a nervous system disease that attacks nerve cells called neurons in your brain and spinal cord. These neurons transmit messages from your brain and spinal cord to your voluntary muscles - the ones you can control, like in your arms and legs. At first, this causes mild muscle problems. Some people notice:</p><ul> <li> Trouble walking or running </li> <li> Trouble writing </li> <li> Speech problems</li> </ul> <p>Eventually, you lose your strength and cannot move. When muscles in your chest fail, you cannot breathe. A breathing machine can help, but most people with ALS die from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html">respiratory failure</a>. </p> <p>The disease usually strikes between age 40 and 60. More men than women get it. No one knows what causes ALS. It can run in families, but usually it strikes at random. There is no cure. Medicines can relieve symptoms and, sometimes, prolong survival. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ALS Lou Gehrig's Disease Symptoms ALS Association Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With ALS Association PDF Diagnosis and Tests Muscular Dystrophy Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues ALS Association Living With ALS Association Related Issues ALS Association Genetics ALS Association Video Related Issues Muscular Dystrophy Association Living With Muscular Dystrophy Association Related Issues ALS Association Video Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Symptoms Muscular Dystrophy Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here ALS Association Children Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors ALS Association Anabolic-androgenic steroids Performance-enhancing drugs <h3>What are anabolic steroids?</h3> <p>Anabolic steroids are synthetic (man-made) versions of testosterone. Testosterone is the main sex <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormone</a> in men. It is needed to develop and maintain male sex characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle growth. Women do have some testosterone in their bodies, but in much smaller amounts.</p> <h3>What are anabolic steroids used for?</h3> <p>Health care providers use anabolic steroids to treat some hormone problems in men, delayed <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/puberty.html">puberty</a>, and muscle loss from some diseases. But some people misuse anabolic steroids.</p> <h3>Why do people misuse anabolic steroids?</h3> <p>Some bodybuilders and athletes use anabolic steroids to build muscles and improve athletic performance. They may take the steroids orally, inject them into muscles, or apply them to the skin as a gel or cream. These doses may be 10 to 100 times higher than doses used to treat medical conditions. Using them this way, without a prescription from a health care provider, is not legal or safe.</p> <h3>What are the health effects of misusing anabolic steroids?</h3> <p>Misuse of anabolic steroids, especially over a long period of time, has been linked to many health problems, including:</p><ul> <li>Acne</li> <li>Stunted growth in teens</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a></li> <li>Changes in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">cholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart problems</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">Liver disease</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html">cancer</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">Kidney damage</a></li> <li>Aggressive behavior</li> </ul> <p>In men, it can also cause:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html">Baldness</a></li> <li>Breast growth</li> <li>Low sperm count/<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html">infertility</a></li> <li>Shrinking of the testicles</li> </ul> <p>In women, it can also cause:</p><ul> <li>Changes in your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">menstrual cycle</a> (period)</li> <li>Growth of body and facial hair</li> <li>Male-pattern baldness</li> <li>Voice deepening</li> </ul> <h3>Are anabolic steroids addictive?</h3> <p>Even though they don't cause a high, anabolic steroids can be addictive. You can have withdrawal symptoms if you stop using them, including:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Restlessness</li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">Sleep problems</a></li> <li>Decreased sex drive</li> <li>Steroid cravings</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a>, which can sometimes be serious and even lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html">suicide</a> attempts</li> </ul> <p>Behavioral therapy and medicines can be helpful in treating anabolic steroid addiction.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse</p> Substance Use and Disorders Esteroides anabólicos Anabolic Agents Spanish National Institute on Drug Abuse Performance-Enhancing Drugs Steroids, Anabolic Learn More National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Drug Enforcement Administration Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Learn More Drug Enforcement Administration Learn More Nemours Foundation Reacción anafiláctica Shock anafiláctico <p>La anafilaxia es una reacción alérgica grave. Puede comenzar muy rápidamente, y los síntomas pueden ser potencialmente mortales. Las causas más comunes son reacciones a los alimentos (especialmente al maní o cacahuate), medicamentos y picaduras de insectos. Otras causas incluyen el ejercicio y la exposición al látex. A veces no se puede encontrar una causa.</p> <p>Puede afectar a muchos órganos:</p> <ul> <li>Piel: Picazón, urticaria, enrojecimiento, hinchazón</li> <li>Nariz: Estornudos, congestión nasal, secreción nasal</li> <li>Boca: Picor, hinchazón de los labios o la lengua</li> <li>Garganta: Prurito, opresión, dificultad para tragar, inflamación de la parte posterior de la garganta</li> <li>Pecho: Falta de aliento, tos, sibilancias, dolor de pecho u opresión</li> <li>Corazón: Pulso débil, desmayo, shock</li> <li>Tracto gastrointestinal: Vómitos, diarrea, calambres</li> <li>Sistema nervioso: Mareos o desmayos</li> </ul> <p> Si alguien está teniendo una reacción alérgica grave, llame al 911. Si un autoinyector está disponible, aplicar a la persona la inyección de inmediato.</p> Sistema inmunitario Anaphylaxis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <h3>What is anal cancer? </h3> <p>Your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html">anus</a> is the opening at the end of your large intestine. It is where stool (poop) leaves your body. The anus is formed partly from your outer layers of skin and partly from your intestine. Anal cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the tissues of your anus.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop anal cancer?</h3> <p>Anyone can get anal cancer, but you are more likely to develop it if you:</p> <ul> <li>You have an infection with high-risk <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html">HPV</a>, especially if you have certain types. Most anal cancers are related to HPV infection.</li> <li>Have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">weakened immune system</a>, from conditions such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> or because of medicines you need to take after an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">organ transplant</a>.</li> <li>Have had <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvarcancer.html">vulvar</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html">vaginal</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html">cervical</a> cancer.</li> <li>Have many sexual partners.</li> <li>Have anal sex.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoke cigarettes</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of anal cancer?</h3> <p>The signs and symptoms of anal cancer may include:</p> <ul> <li>Bleeding from the anus or rectum</li> <li>A lump near the anus</li> <li>Pain or pressure in the area around the anus</li> <li>Itching or discharge from the anus</li> <li>A change in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html">bowel habits</a>, such as narrower stools, having to go more often, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelincontinence.html">bowel incontinence</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is anal cancer diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have anal cancer, your provider:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Will take your medical history,</strong> which includes asking about your symptoms.</li> <li><strong>Will ask about your family health history.</strong></li> <li><strong>May do a digital rectal examination (DRE).</strong> A DRE is an exam of the anus and rectum. For the exam, your provider will insert a lubricated, gloved finger into the lower part of your rectum to feel for lumps or anything else that seems unusual.</li> <li><strong>May order tests that examine the anus and rectum,</strong> such as: <ul> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anoscopy/">anoscopy</a>, an exam of the anus and lower rectum using a short, lighted tube called an anoscope. There is also a type of anoscopy called a high-resolution anoscopy. It uses a special magnifying device called a colposcope along with the anoscope to view these areas.</li> <li>A proctoscopy, a procedure to look inside the rectum and anus using a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens.</li> <li>An endo-anal or endorectal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a>, a procedure in which an ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>May do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a></strong> during an anoscopy or proctoscopy.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for anal cancer?</h3> <p>The treatments for anal cancer include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation therapy</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a>, and surgery. Which treatment you get will depend on how advanced the cancer is, your overall health, and your preferences.</p> <h3>Can anal cancer be prevented?</h3> <p>You may be able to lower your risk of getting anal cancer by getting an HPV vaccine and not smoking. Contact your provider if you need help <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quitting smoking</a>.</p> <p>It is currently not known if using condoms can prevent anal HPV infections. But using latex condoms every time you have sex can help prevent HIV, a risk factor for anal cancer. And they also help prevent other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs). If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms.</p> <p>If you are an adult with HIV, it's important to get an anal cancer screening every year. The screening checks for anything that seems unusual, such as lumps, burning, and precancer cells (cells that could turn into cancer). The screening will include a digital rectal exam. If anything unusual is found, you will have an anoscopy or high resolution anoscopy.</p> Cancers Digestive System Cáncer del ano Anus Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Anal Disorders Colorectal Cancer Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Cancer Society Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests HIV.gov Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Anorectal diseases <h3>What is the anus?</h3> <p>Your anus is the opening at the end of your large intestine. It is where stool (poop) leaves your body.</p> <h3>What are anal disorders?</h3> <p>Problems with the anus are common. They include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html">Hemorrhoids</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html">Abscesses</a></li> <li>Fissures, small cracks or tears in the lining of your anus</li> <li>Anorectal fistula, an abnormal tunnel from your anus or rectum to the skin surface</li> <li>Anal itching (pruritus ani)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/analcancer.html">Cancer</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of anal disorders?</h3> <p>Your symptoms will depend on which disorder you have. But some of the more common symptoms may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">Bleeding</a></li> <li>Discharge</li> <li>Itching</li> <li>Pain</li> <li>Swelling</li> </ul> <h3>How are anal disorders diagnosed?</h3> <p>To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Depending upon your symptoms, your provider may:</p> <ul> <li>Check the skin around your anus for anything that looks abnormal.</li> <li>Perform a digital rectal exam (DRE). For this exam, your provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the lower part of your rectum to feel for lumps or anything unusual.</li> <li>Order tests, such as an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anoscopy/">anoscopy</a>.</li> </ul> <p>You may be embarrassed to talk about your anal troubles. But it's important to let your provider know about your symptoms, especially if you have pain or bleeding. The more details you can give about your problem, the better your provider can help you.</p> <h3>How are anal disorders treated?</h3> <p>Treatments vary, depending on the condition you have.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases </p> Digestive System Enfermedades del ano Anus Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Anal Cancer Hemorrhoids Rectal Disorders Pruritus Ani Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Find an Expert American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Specifics American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Video Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Journal Articles Symptoms Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Symptoms American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Calmantes para el dolor Medicamentos para el dolor <p>Los analgésicos son medicinas que reducen o alivian los dolores de cabeza, musculares, artríticos o muchos otros achaques y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html">dolores</a>. Existen muchos tipos diferentes de analgésicos y cada uno tiene sus ventajas y riesgos. Algunos tipos de dolor responden mejor a determinadas medicinas que a otras. Además, cada persona puede tener una respuesta ligeramente distinta a un analgésico. </p> <p>Los medicamentos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html">venta sin receta</a> son buenos para combatir muchos tipos de dolor. Existen dos tipos principales de analgésicos sin receta: acetaminofén (Tylenol) y antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. La aspirina, el naproxeno (Aleve) y el ibuprofén (Advil, Motrin) son ejemplos de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos sin receta. </p> <p>Si los medicamentos sin receta no le alivian el dolor, el médico puede indicarle algo más fuerte. Muchos de estos antiinflamatorios se encuentran disponibles en mayores dosis con receta médica. Los analgésicos más potentes son los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioides</a>. Estos son muy efectivos pero a veces pueden causar graves efectos secundarios. También está el riesgo de provocar adicción. Por ello, usted debe tomarlos solamente bajo supervisión médica.</p> <p>Existen muchas cosas que puede hacer para combatir el dolor. Los analgésicos son sólo una parte del plan de tratamiento. </p> Tratamiento con medicamentos Pain Relievers Dolor Dolor crónico Medicamentos Medicamentos sin receta médica Opioides y trastorno por consumo de opioides Calmantes para el dolor Dolor, Remedios Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Anaphylactic shock <p>Anaphylaxis is a serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">allergic reaction</a>. It can begin very quickly, and symptoms may be life-threatening. The most common causes are reactions to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html">foods</a> (especially peanuts), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">medications</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html">stinging insects</a>. Other causes include exercise and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">exposure to latex</a>. Sometimes no cause can be found.</p> <p>It can affect many organs:</p> <ul> <li>Skin - itching, hives, redness, swelling</li> <li>Nose - sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose</li> <li>Mouth - itching, swelling of the lips or tongue</li> <li>Throat - itching, tightness, trouble swallowing, swelling of the back of the throat</li> <li>Chest - shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, chest pain or tightness</li> <li>Heart - weak pulse, passing out, shock</li> <li>Gastrointestinal tract - vomiting, diarrhea, cramps</li> <li>Nervous system - dizziness or fainting</li> </ul> <p>If someone is having a serious allergic reaction, call 911. If an auto-injector is available, give the person the injection right away.</p> Immune System Anafilaxia Anaphylaxis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Learn More American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Learn More National Jewish Health Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Learn More Nemours Foundation <p>Anatomy is the science that studies the structure of the body. On this page, you'll find links to descriptions and pictures of the human body's parts and organ systems from head to toe.</p> Digestive System Blood, Heart and Circulation Eyes and Vision Bones, Joints and Muscles Kidneys and Urinary System Brain and Nerves Lungs and Breathing Ear, Nose and Throat Mouth and Teeth Skin, Hair and Nails Pregnancy and Reproduction Immune System Endocrine System Male Reproductive System Anatomía Anatomy Spanish Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children National Eye Institute Video NIH Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine Video Images National Cancer Institute NIH Images National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Images National Cancer Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Women Nemours Foundation Images National Cancer Institute NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children National Institute of Mental Health PDF NIH Images National Eye Institute NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Video Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Men Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Images National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Video Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation <p>Anatomía es la ciencia que estudia la estructura del cuerpo. En esta página, encontrará enlaces a descripciones e imágenes de partes del cuerpo humano y sistemas de órganos de la cabeza a los pies.</p> Sistema digestivo Sangre, corazón y circulación Ojos y visión Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Riñones y sistema urinario Cerebro y nervios Pulmón y vías respiratorias Oído, nariz y garganta Salud oral y dental Piel, cabello y uñas Embarazo y reproducción Sistema inmunitario Sistema endocrino Sistema reproductor masculino Anatomy Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español Imágenes Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Nemours Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Iron poor blood <p>If you have anemia, your blood does not carry enough oxygen to the rest of your body. The most common cause of anemia is not having enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html">iron</a>. Your body needs iron to make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that gives the red color to blood. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.</p> <p>Anemia has three main causes: blood loss, lack of red blood cell production, and high rates of red blood cell destruction.</p> <p>Conditions that may lead to anemia include:</p><ul> <li>Heavy periods</li> <li>Pregnancy</li> <li>Ulcers</li> <li>Colon polyps or colon cancer</li> <li>Inherited disorders</li> <li>A diet that does not have enough iron, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html">folic acid</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html">vitamin B12</a></li> <li>Blood disorders such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sicklecelldisease.html">sickle cell anemia</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thalassemia.html">thalassemia</a>, or cancer</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aplasticanemia.html">Aplastic anemia</a>, a condition that can be inherited or acquired</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/g6pddeficiency.html">G6PD deficiency</a>, a metabolic disorder</li> </ul> <p>Anemia can make you feel tired, cold, dizzy, and irritable. You may be short of breath or have a headache.</p> <p>Your doctor will diagnose anemia with a physical exam and blood tests. Treatment depends on the kind of anemia you have.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Anemia Anemia Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Aplastic Anemia B Vitamins Folic Acid G6PD Deficiency Iron Sickle Cell Disease Thalassemia Iron Deficiency Anemia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here American Society of Hematology Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Women American Society of Hematology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Cancer Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH <p>Si tiene anemia, es debido a que su sangre no está transportando suficiente oxígeno al resto de su cuerpo. La causa más común de anemia es no tener suficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html">hierro</a>. El cuerpo necesita este mineral para producir hemoglobina. La hemoglobina es una proteína rica en hierro que da a la sangre su color rojo y transporta oxígeno desde los pulmones al resto del cuerpo. </p> <p>Las tres causas principales de anemia son: pérdida de sangre, no producir glóbulos rojos y destrucción de estos a gran velocidad. </p> <p>Los problemas médicos que pueden causar anemia pueden ser:</p><ul> <li>Períodos menstruales muy abundantes</li> <li>Embarazo</li> <li>Ulceras</li> <li>Pólipos en el colon o cáncer del colon</li> <li> Trastornos hereditarios</li> <li>Una dieta que no contiene suficiente hierro, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html">ácido fólico</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html">vitamina B 12</a> </li> <li>Algunos trastornos, tales como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia falciforme</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thalassemia.html">talasemia</a> o cáncer </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aplasticanemia.html">Anemia aplásica</a>, una afección que puede ser hereditaria o adquirida</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/g6pddeficiency.html">Deficiencia de glucosa -6- fosfato-deshidrogenasa</a> </li> </ul> <p>La anemia puede hacerlo sentirse débil, tener frío, estar mareado e irritable. También puede sentir dificultad para respirar o dolores de cabeza. </p> <p>El doctor diagnosticará la enfermedad a través de un examen físico y de sangre. El tratamiento depende del tipo de anemia que usted tenga. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Anemia Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Anemia aplásica Enfermedad de células falciformes G6PD Hierro en la dieta Talasemia Vitaminas B Ácido fólico Hierro, Falta de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Mujeres Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <h3>¿Qué es la anemia aplásica?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia</a> aplásica es un trastorno sanguíneo poco común pero grave. Si lo tiene, su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html">médula ósea</a> no produce suficientes células sanguíneas nuevas. Ocurre cuando hay daño a las células madre dentro de la médula ósea. Existen diferentes tipos de anemia aplásica, incluyendo la anemia de Fanconi.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la anemia aplásica?</h3> <p>Las causas de la anemia aplásica pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">Enfermedades autoinmunes</a> (la causa más común)</li> <li>Ciertos cambios genéticos hereditarios, como el que puede causar anemia de Fanconi</li> <li>Sustancias tóxicas, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html">pesticidas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arsenic.html">arsénico</a> y benceno</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Radioterapia</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia </a> para el cáncer</li> <li>Ciertos medicamentos</li> <li>Infecciones virales como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html">hepatitis</a>, el virus de Epstein-Barr o el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a></li> <li>Embarazo</li> </ul> <p>En muchas personas no se conoce la causa. Esto se llama anemia aplásica idiopática.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la anemia aplásica?</h3> <p>La anemia aplásica puede desarrollarse repentina o lentamente. Puede ser leve o grave. Sus síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Debilidad</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas respiratorios</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html">Moretones</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html">sangrado </a> fácil</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la anemia aplásica?</h3> <p>La anemia aplásica puede causar otros problemas, como infecciones frecuentes y sangrado; y aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html">trastorno sanguíneo</a> grave.</p> <p>Si no se trata, la anemia aplásica también puede provocar problemas cardíacos, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">arritmia</a> (un problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón), agrandamiento del corazón o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">insuficiencia cardíaca</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la anemia aplásica?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene anemia aplásica, su profesional de la salud tomará en cuenta:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica y la de su familia</li> <li>Le hará un examen físico</li> <li>Solicitará pruebas, como exámenes para comprobar si tiene un bajo número de células en la médula ósea y en la sangre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la anemia aplásica?</h3> <p>Si tiene anemia aplásica, su profesional de la salud creará un plan de tratamiento para usted. El plan se basará en la gravedad de la anemia y su causa. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">Transfusiones de sangre</a></li> <li>Trasplantes de células madre de sangre y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">médula ósea</a></li> <li>Medicamentos para suprimir su sistema inmunitario</li> </ul> <p>Debido al riesgo de trastornos de la sangre, su médico controlará su estado y le examinará periódicamente para detectar trastornos de la sangre.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Sistema inmunitario Aplastic Anemia Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Anemia Enfermedades de la médula ósea Trasplante de médula ósea Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fondo de Investigación de Anemia de Fanconi, Inc. PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Mujeres Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <h3>¿Qué es la anestesia?</h3> <p>La anestesia es el uso de medicamentos para prevenir el dolor durante una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgery.html">cirugía</a> y otros procedimientos. Estos medicamentos se denominan anestésicos. Pueden administrarse mediante inyección, inhalación, loción tópica, aerosol, gotas para los ojos o parche cutáneo. Provocan una pérdida de las sensibilidad o la conciencia.</p> <h3>¿Para qué se usa la anestesia?</h3> <p>La anestesia se puede utilizar en procedimientos menores, como el empaste o restauración de un diente. Puede usarse durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html">parto</a> o procedimientos como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">colonoscopías</a>. Y se usa durante operaciones menores y mayores.</p> <p>En algunos casos, un dentista, una enfermera o un médico pueden darle un anestésico. En otros casos, es posible que necesite un anestesiólogo, un médico que se especializa en administrar anestesia.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de anestesia?</h3> <p>Hay varios tipos diferentes de anestesia:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Anestesia local</strong>: Adormece una pequeña parte del cuerpo. Puede usarse en un diente que necesita ser extraído o en un área pequeña alrededor de una herida que necesita puntos. Usted está despierto y alerta durante la anestesia local</li> <li><strong>Anestesia regional</strong>: Se usa para áreas más grandes del cuerpo, como un brazo, una pierna o todo lo que esté debajo de la cintura. Es posible que esté despierto durante el procedimiento o que le administren sedantes. Se puede usar anestesia regional durante el parto, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html">cesárea</a> o cirugías menores</li> <li><strong>Anestesia general</strong>: Afecta a todo el cuerpo. Le deja inconsciente e incapaz de moverse. Se usa durante operaciones mayores, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html">cirugía cardíaca</a>, cirugía cerebral, cirugía de espalda y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">trasplantes de órganos</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los riesgos de la anestesia?</h3> <p>En general, la anestesia es segura. Pero puede haber riesgos, especialmente con la anestesia general, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Arritmia</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">problemas respiratorios</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">Reacción alérgica</a> a la anestesia</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/delirium.html">Delirio</a> después de la anestesia general: El delirio provoca confusión. Es posible que no tenga claro lo que está pasando. Algunos mayores de 60 años tienen delirio durante varios días después de la cirugía. También les puede pasar a los niños cuando se despiertan por primera vez de la anestesia</li> <li>Retomar la conciencia durante la anestesia general: En general, esto significa que la persona escucha sonidos. Pero a veces se puede sentir dolor, aunque no es común </li> </ul> Cirugía y rehabilitación Anesthesia Cirugía Dolor Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Adultos Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría <h3>What is anesthesia?</h3> <p>Anesthesia is the use of medicines to prevent pain during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/surgery.html">surgery</a> and other procedures. These medicines are called anesthetics. They may be given by injection, inhalation, topical lotion, spray, eye drops, or skin patch. They cause you to have a loss of feeling or awareness.</p> <h3>What is anesthesia used for?</h3> <p>Anesthesia may be used in minor procedures, such as filling a tooth. It could be used during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html">childbirth</a> or procedures such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">colonoscopies</a>. And it is used during minor and major surgeries.</p> <p>In some cases, a dentist, nurse, or doctor may give you an anesthetic. In other cases, you may need an anesthesiologist. This is a doctor who specializes in giving anesthesia.</p> <h3>What are the types of anesthesia?</h3> <p>There are several different types of anesthesia:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Local anesthesia</strong> numbs a small part of the body. It might be used on a tooth that needs to be pulled or on a small area around a wound that needs stitches. You are awake and alert during local anesthesia.</li> <li><strong>Regional anesthesia</strong> is used for larger areas of the body such as an arm, a leg, or everything below the waist. You may be awake during the procedure, or you may be given sedation. Regional anesthesia may be used during childbirth, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html">Cesarean delivery</a> (C-section), or minor surgeries.</li> <li><strong>General anesthesia</strong> affects the whole body. It makes you unconscious and unable to move. It is used during major surgeries, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html">heart surgery</a>, brain surgery, back surgery, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">organ transplants</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the risks of anesthesia?</h3> <p>Anesthesia is generally safe. But there can be risks, especially with general anesthesia, including:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">Heart rhythm</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">breathing</a> problems</li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">allergic reaction</a> to the anesthesia</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/delirium.html">Delirium</a> after general anesthesia. Delirium makes people confused. They may be unclear about what is happening to them. Some people over the age of 60 have delirium for several days after surgery. It can also happen to children when they first wake up from anesthesia.</li> <li>Awareness when someone is under general anesthesia. This usually means that the person hears sounds. But sometimes they can feel pain. This is rare.</li> </ul> Surgery and Rehabilitation Anestesia Anesthesia Spanish Pain Surgery Older Adults American Society of Anesthesiologists Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Society of Anesthesiologists Related Issues American Society of Anesthesiologists Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Society of Anesthesiologists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Society of Anesthesiologists PDF Women American Society of Anesthesiologists Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Society of Anesthesiologists Specifics American Society of Anesthesiologists Children Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Related Issues American Society of Anesthesiologists Journal Articles Related Issues American Society of Anesthesiologists Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Joint Commission PDF Infographic Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH <p>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html">aneurisma</a> es un ensanchamiento anormal de las paredes de una arteria. Las arterias son vasos sanguíneos que transportan sangre oxigenada desde el corazón hacia otras partes del cuerpo. Si un aneurisma crece, puede romperse y provocar un sangrado peligroso e incluso la muerte. </p> <p>La mayoría de los aneurismas ocurren en la aorta, la arteria principal que va desde el corazón por el pecho y el abdomen.</p> <p>Hay dos tipos de aneurisma aórtico:</p> <ul> <li>Los aneurismas aórticos torácicos: ocurren en la parte de la aorta que pasa por el pecho</li> <li>Los aneurismas aórticos abdominales: ocurren en la parte de la aorta que pasa por el abdomen</li> </ul> <p>Muchas veces los aneurismas se encuentran por accidente durante pruebas hechas por otras razones. Algunas personas tienen un alto riesgo de aneurismas. Es importante que aquellos en alto riesgo se sometan a pruebas, porque los aneurismas pueden desarrollarse y hacerse grandes antes de causar síntoma alguno. Las pruebas se recomiendan a personas de entre 65 y 75 años si tienen antecedentes familiares o si son hombres fumadores. Los médicos usan pruebas de imágenes para encontrar aneurismas. Medicamentos y cirugía son los dos tratamientos principales</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Aortic Aneurysm Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Aneurismas Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html">aneurisma</a> cerebral es un ensanchamiento anormal en la pared de una arteria del cerebro. A veces son tan pequeños como una frambuesa. La mayoría de los aneurismas cerebrales no muestra síntomas hasta que se hacen grandes, filtran sangre o se rompen. </p> <p>Si un aneurisma cerebral presiona los nervios en su cerebro, puede causar síntomas. Estos pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li>Un párpado caído</li> <li>Visión doble u otros cambios en la visión</li> <li>Dolor arriba o detrás del ojo</li> <li>Una pupila dilatada</li> <li>Adormecimiento o debilidad en un lado de la cara o el cuerpo</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento depende del tamaño y la ubicación del aneurisma, si está infectado o si se ha roto. Si un aneurisma cerebral se rompe, los síntomas pueden incluir dolor de cabeza súbito, náuseas y vómitos, cuello duro, pérdida del conocimiento y señales de un ataque cerebral. Cualquiera de estos síntomas requiere atención médica urgente. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Cerebro y nervios Brain Aneurysm Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Aneurismas Cerebro, Aneurisma Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Dilatación o abultamiento en las arterias <p>Un aneurisma es un ensanchamiento anormal de las paredes de una arteria. Las arterias son vasos sanguíneos que transportan sangre oxigenada desde el corazón hacia otras partes del cuerpo. Si un aneurisma crece, puede romperse y provocar una hemorragia peligrosa e incluso la muerte. </p> <p>La mayoría de los aneurismas ocurre en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aorticaneurysm.html">aorta</a>, la arteria principal que sale del corazón y pasa por el pecho y el abdomen. También pueden ocurrir en las arterias del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainaneurysm.html">cerebro</a> y otras partes del cuerpo. Si un aneurisma cerebral se rompe, produce un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">derrame</a>. </p> <p>Los aneurismas pueden desarrollarse y crecer antes de causar síntomas. Con frecuencia, si se detectan y se tratan anticipadamente, los médicos pueden detener la ruptura de los aneurismas. Para encontrarlos se usan pruebas de imágenes. Muchas veces los aneurismas se encuentran por accidente durante pruebas hechas por otras razones. Los dos tratamientos principales son las medicinas y la cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Aneurysms Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Aneurisma aórtico Aneurisma cerebral Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón <p>An aneurysm is a bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to other parts of the body. If an aneurysm grows large, it can burst and cause dangerous bleeding or even death. </p> <p>Most aneurysms occur in the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aorticaneurysm.html">aorta</a>, the main artery that runs from the heart through the chest and abdomen. Aneurysms also can happen in arteries in the brain, heart and other parts of the body. If an aneurysm in the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/brainaneurysm.html">brain</a> bursts, it causes a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html">stroke</a>.</p> <p>Aneurysms can develop and become large before causing any symptoms. Often doctors can stop aneurysms from bursting if they find and treat them early. They use imaging tests to find aneurysms. Often aneurysms are found by chance during tests done for other reasons. Medicines and surgery are the two main treatments for aneurysms. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Aneurismas Aneurysm Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Aortic Aneurysm Brain Aneurysm Heart Health Tests Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Texas Heart Institute Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk Vascular Cures Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Start Here American Heart Association <p>Angina is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">chest pain</a> or discomfort you feel when there is not enough blood flow to your heart muscle. Your heart muscle needs the oxygen that the blood carries. Angina may feel like pressure or a squeezing pain in your chest. It may feel like indigestion. You may also feel pain in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. </p> <p>Angina is a symptom of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a> (CAD), the most common <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>. CAD happens when a sticky substance called plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart, reducing blood flow.</p> <p>There are three types of angina:</p> <ul> <li>Stable angina is the most common type. It happens when the heart is working harder than usual. Stable angina has a regular pattern. Rest and medicines usually help.</li> <li>Unstable angina is the most dangerous. It does not follow a pattern and can happen without physical exertion. It does not go away with rest or medicine. It is a sign that you could have a heart attack soon.</li> <li>Variant angina is rare. It happens when you are resting. Medicines can help.</li> </ul> <p>Not all chest pain or discomfort is angina. If you have chest pain, you should see your health care provider.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Older Adults Blood, Heart and Circulation Angina de pecho Angina Pectoris Arabic Bosnian Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cardiac Rehabilitation Chest Pain Coronary Artery Disease Heart Attack Heart Health Tests Syndrome X (Cardiac) Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Heart Association Find an Expert American Heart Association Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women American Heart Association Start Here American Heart Association Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research American Heart Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Heart Association Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Texas Heart Institute Specifics American Heart Association Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Texas Heart Institute Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <p>La angina es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">dolor o molestia en el pecho</a> que se siente cuando no hay suficiente irrigación sanguínea al músculo cardiaco. Este músculo cardiaco necesita el oxigeno que transporta la sangre. La angina puede sentirse como una presión o un dolor opresivo en el pecho. Puede parecerse a una indigestión. También puede haber dolor en los hombros, los brazos, el cuello, la mandíbula o la espalda. </p> <p>La angina es un síntoma de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a>, la enfermedad cardiaca más común. Esta ocurre cuando una sustancia llamada placa se acumula en las arterias que llevan la sangre al corazón, reduciendo el flujo sanguíneo. </p> <p>Hay tres tipos de angina: </p> <p> <ul> <li>Angina estable es la más común. Ocurre cuando el corazón trabaja más fuerte que lo usual. La angina estable tiene un patrón regular. Se trata con descanso y medicinas. </li> <li>Angina inestable es la más peligrosa. No sigue un patrón y puede ocurrir sin hacer algún esfuerzo físico. No desaparece espontáneamente con el reposo o las medicinas. Es una señal de que podría ocurrir un infarto luego.</li> <li>La angina variable es la menos común. Ocurre cuando está descansando. Se trata con medicinas.</li> </ul> </p> <p>No todas las molestias o los dolores en el pecho son angina. Si se le presenta un dolor torácico, debe consultar a un profesional de la salud.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Personas mayores Sangre, corazón y circulación Angina Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Ataque al corazón Dolor de pecho Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias Rehabilitación cardíaca Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Síntomas Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Balloon angioplasty Coronary angioplasty Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) <h3>What is angioplasty?</h3> <p>Angioplasty is a procedure to improve blood flow in coronary arteries that have become narrow or blocked. Your coronary arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart. If you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a>, a sticky material called plaque builds up in the coronary arteries. Plaque is made of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">cholesterol</a>, calcium, and other substances in your blood. Over time, it can narrow your arteries or fully block them. When this happens, some parts of your heart don't get enough blood.</p> <p>Angioplasty widens the blocked part of the artery so more blood can get through. It is also called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p> <h3>What conditions does angioplasty treat?</h3> <p>Doctors use angioplasty to:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Reduce <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">chest pain</a> from blockages in the coronary arteries.</strong> This type of pain is called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html">angina</a>. There are different types of angina. Angioplasty treats certain types.</li> <li><strong>Limit damage to the heart during or right after a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>.</strong> In this case, angioplasty is an emergency treatment.</li> </ul> <p>Angioplasty does not cure coronary artery disease. To help <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">prevent more plaque blockages</a>, you'll need to take any prescribed medicines, eat healthy foods, and get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular exercise</a>.</p> <h3>What happens during angioplasty?</h3> <p>Most people have angioplasties in a hospital in a special room called a cardiac catheterization, or cath, lab. You will be awake and lying down. You'll get medicine to help you relax through an intravenous (IV) line. This is a small tube that goes into a vein in your hand or arm.</p> <p>Angioplasty is done through a blood vessel in your arm, wrist, or groin. Your doctor will:</p> <ul> <li>Make a small opening in that area to insert a thin tube (a catheter) into a blood vessel.</li> <li>Thread the tube through the vessel to your heart, using <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-rays</a> as a guide.</li> <li>Inject contrast dye inside your arteries. The dye highlights your heart and blood vessels in the x-rays.</li> <li>Replace the first tube with another one that has a small, deflated balloon on the end.</li> <li>Guide the balloon inside the blockage and inflate it to push the plaque flat against the artery wall. This makes the artery wider and improves blood flow.</li> <li>Sometimes put a small, mesh tube into the artery to help keep it open. The tube is called a stent. Some stents have a coating of medicine that helps prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clots</a> from forming.</li> </ul> <h3>What happens after an angioplasty?</h3> <p>If you had an angioplasty for chest pain, you'll go to a recovery room for a few hours. You may stay in the hospital overnight. Your doctor will probably prescribe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">medicines to prevent blood clots</a>. Most people can return to their usual activities after a week.</p> <p>If you had an emergency angioplasty for a heart attack, you'll need to stay in the hospital for about a few more days.</p> <h3>Are there any risks from angioplasty?</h3> <p>Angioplasty is very safe. You may get a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html">bruise</a>, feel sore, or have some bleeding where the tubes were inserted. More serious problems don't happen very often, but they are possible. They can include serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html">bleeding</a>, blood clots, and narrowing of the artery again.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute </p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Surgery and Rehabilitation Angioplastía Angioplasty Arabic Bosnian Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Atherosclerosis Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Coronary Artery Disease Find an Expert American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Related Issues American Heart Association Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Angioplastia de arteria coronaria Angioplastía coronaria Dilatación de las arterias del corazón <h3>¿Qué es la angioplastia?</h3> <p>La angioplastia es un procedimiento que permite mejorar el flujo sanguíneo en arterias coronarias estrechas o bloqueadas. Las arterias coronarias suministran sangre rica en oxígeno al corazón. Si tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a>, un material pegajoso llamado placa se acumula en ellas. La placa está formada por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a>, calcio y otras sustancias en la sangre. Con el tiempo, puede estrechar las arterias o bloquearlas por completo. Cuando esto ocurre, algunas partes de su corazón no reciben suficiente sangre.</p> <p>La angioplastia ensancha la parte bloqueada de la arteria para que pueda pasar más sangre. También se conoce como intervención coronaria percutánea.</p> <h3>¿Qué afecciones trata la angioplastia?</h3> <p>Los profesionales de la salud usan la angioplastia para:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Reducir el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">dolor de pecho</a> por obstrucciones en las arterias coronarias</strong>: Este tipo de dolor se llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html">angina</a>. Existen diferentes tipos de angina. La angioplastia trata ciertos tipos</li> <li><strong>Limitar el daño al corazón durante o inmediatamente después de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardíaco</a></strong>: En este caso, la angioplastia es un tratamiento de emergencia</li> </ul> <p>La angioplastia no cura la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias. Para ayudar a prevenir más bloqueos por la placa, deberá tomar medicamentos recetados, alimentarse sanamente y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">hacer ejercicio</a> con regularidad.</p> <h3>¿En qué consiste la angioplastia?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas se someten a angioplastias en una sala especial de hospital llamada laboratorio de cateterismo cardíaco o cateterismo. Usted estará despierto y acostado. Recibirá un medicamento para ayudarle a relajarse por vía intravenosa. Este es un pequeño tubo que se introduce en una vena de su mano o brazo.</p> <p>La angioplastia se realiza a través de un vaso sanguíneo en su brazo, muñeca o ingle. Su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Hace una pequeña abertura en esa área para insertar un tubo delgado (un catéter) en un vaso sanguíneo</li> <li>Pasa el tubo a través del vaso hasta su corazón, usando rayos X para guiarse</li> <li>Inyecta un medio de contraste en sus arterias. El tinte resalta su corazón y vasos sanguíneos en las radiografías</li> <li>Reemplaza el primer tubo con otro que tenga un pequeño globo desinflado en un extremo</li> <li>Guía el globo hasta el bloqueo y lo infla para empujar la placa contra la pared de la arteria. Esto la ensancha, mejorando el flujo sanguíneo</li> <li>En ocasiones, coloca un pequeño tubo con una malla en la arteria para ayudar a mantenerla abierta. El tubo se conoce como stent. Algunos stents tienen una capa con medicamento para ayudar a prevenir la formación de coágulos de sangre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué ocurre después de una angioplastia?</h3> <p>Si se sometió a una angioplastia para el dolor de pecho, estará en una sala de recuperación durante unas horas. Es posible que pase la noche en el hospital. Su profesional de la salud puede recetarle medicamentos para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">prevenir la formación de coágulos</a> de sangre. La mayoría de las personas pueden volver a sus actividades normales después de una semana.</p> <p>Si se sometió a una angioplastia de emergencia por un ataque cardíaco, deberá permanecer en el hospital algunos días más.</p> <h3>¿Tiene algún riesgo de la angioplastia?</h3> <p>La angioplastia es muy segura. Puede tener un hematoma, sentir dolor o sangrado en el lugar donde se insertaron los tubos. Los problemas más graves no ocurren muy a menudo, pero son posibles. Pueden incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html">sangrado </a> grave, coágulos de sangre y nuevo estrechamiento de la arteria.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Cirugía y rehabilitación Angioplasty Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Ateroesclerosis Bypass de la arteria coronaria Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Cat bites Dog bites <p>Wild animals usually avoid people. They might attack, however, if they feel threatened, are sick, or are protecting their young or territory. Attacks by pets are more common. Animal bites rarely are life-threatening, but if they become infected, you can develop serious medical problems. </p> <p>To prevent animal bites and complications from bites:</p><ul> <li> Never pet, handle, or feed unknown animals </li> <li> Leave snakes alone</li> <li> Watch your children closely around animals</li> <li> Vaccinate your cats, ferrets, and dogs against <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rabies.html">rabies</a></li> <li> Spay or neuter your dog to make it less aggressive</li> <li> Get a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanus.html">tetanus</a> booster if you have not had one recently</li> <li> Wear boots and long pants when you are in areas with venomous snakes</li> </ul> <p>If an animal bites you, clean the wound with soap and water as soon as possible. Get medical attention if necessary.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Injuries and Wounds Immune System Mordeduras de animales Bites and Stings Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Animal Diseases and Your Health Cat Scratch Disease Insect Bites and Stings Mpox Rabies Spider Bites Tick Bites Cat Bites Dog Bites Snake Bites Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Veterinary Medical Association Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Zoonoses <p>Animal diseases that people can catch are called zoonoses. Many diseases affecting humans can be traced to animals or animal products. You can get a disease directly from an animal, or indirectly, through the environment.</p> <p>Farm animals can carry diseases. If you touch them or things they have touched, like fencing or buckets, wash your hands thoroughly. Adults should make sure children who visit farms or petting zoos wash up as well. </p> <p>Though they may be cute and cuddly, wild animals may carry germs, viruses, and parasites. Deer and deer mice carry ticks that cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymedisease.html">Lyme disease</a>. Some wild animals may carry <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rabies.html">rabies</a>. Enjoy wildlife from a distance.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pethealth.html">Pets</a> can also make you sick. Reptiles pose a particular risk. Turtles, snakes and iguanas can transmit <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/salmonellainfections.html">Salmonella</a> bacteria to their owners. You can get rabies from an infected dog or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toxoplasmosis.html">toxoplasmosis</a> from handling kitty litter of an infected cat. The chance that your dog or cat will make you sick is small. You can reduce the risk by practicing good hygiene, keeping pet areas clean and keeping your pets' shots up to date. </p> Infections Enfermedades de los animales y su salud Zoonoses Spanish Bird Flu Cat Scratch Disease COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) Lyme Disease Mpox Pet Health Rabies Toxoplasmosis West Nile Virus Animal Health Zoonoses Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Veterinary Medical Association Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>Your ankle bone and the ends of your two lower leg bones make up the ankle joint. Your ligaments, which connect bones to one another, stabilize and support it. Your muscles and tendons move it.</p> <p>The most common ankle problems are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">sprains</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fractures</a> (broken bones). A sprain is an injury to the ligaments. It may take a few weeks to many months to heal completely. A fracture is a break in a bone. You can also injure other parts of the ankle such as tendons, which join muscles to bone, and cartilage, which cushions your joints. Ankle sprains and fractures are common <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">sports injuries</a>.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades del tobillo Ankle Injuries Ankle Fractures Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Foot Injuries and Disorders Sprains and Strains Find an Expert American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Statistics and Research American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Treatments and Therapies American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Find an Expert American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Living With American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Living With American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Living With American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Treatments and Therapies American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Journal Articles Specifics American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Diagnosis and Tests American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Statistics and Research American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Children American Academy of Pediatrics Treatments and Therapies American Podiatric Medical Association Treatments and Therapies American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Treatments and Therapies American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Rheumatoid spondylitis <p>Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">arthritis</a> of the spine. It causes inflammation between your vertebrae, which are the bones that make up your spine, and in the joints between your spine and pelvis. In some people, it can affect other joints.</p> <p>AS is more common and more severe in men. It often runs in families. The cause is unknown, but it is likely that both genes and factors in the environment play a role.</p> <p>Early symptoms of AS include back pain and stiffness. These problems often start in late adolescence or early adulthood. Over time, AS can fuse your vertebrae together, limiting movement. Some people have symptoms that come and go. Others have severe, ongoing pain.</p> <p>A diagnosis of AS is based on your medical history and a physical examination. You may also have imaging or blood tests.</p> <p>AS has no cure, but medicines can relieve symptoms and may keep the disease from getting worse. Eating a healthy diet, not smoking, and exercising can also help. In rare cases, you may need surgery to straighten the spine.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Immune System Espondilitis anquilosante Spondylitis, Ankylosing Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid Spondylitis Spondylitis, Ankylosing Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Spondylitis Association of America Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Spondylitis Association of America Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies American College of Rheumatology Start Here Spondylitis Association of America Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Living With Spondylitis Association of America Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Deformidades de la cara y la cabeza Deformidades dentofaciales Deformidades faciales <p>La palabra craneofacial es un término médico que está relacionado con los huesos del cráneo y de la cara. Las anomalías craneofaciales son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">defectos de nacimiento</a> de la cara o de la cabeza. Algunos defectos, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html">labio y paladar leporino</a>, son los más comunes de todos los defectos congénitos. Otros son muy raros. La mayoría de estas anomalías afectan el aspecto de la cara o de la cabeza. Estos problemas pueden afectar otras partes del cuerpo.</p> <p>El tratamiento depende del tipo de problema. La cirugía plástica y reconstructiva puede cambiar la apariencia de una persona.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Craniofacial Abnormalities Labio leporino y paladar hendido Deformidades de la cara y la cabeza Deformidades dentofaciales Deformidades faciales Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Miedo Nerviosismo <h3>¿Qué es la ansiedad?</h3> <p>La ansiedad es un sentimiento de miedo, temor e inquietud. Puede hacer que sude, se sienta inquieto y tenso, y tener palpitaciones. Puede ser una reacción normal al estrés. Por ejemplo, puede sentirse ansioso cuando se enfrenta a un problema difícil en el trabajo, antes de tomar un examen o antes de tomar una decisión importante. Si bien la ansiedad puede ayudar a enfrentar una situación, además de darle un impulso de energía o ayudarle a concentrarse, para las personas con trastornos de ansiedad el miedo no es temporal y puede ser abrumadora.</p> <h3>¿Qué son los trastornos de ansiedad?</h3> <p>Los trastornos de ansiedad son afecciones en las que la ansiedad no desaparece y puede empeorar con el tiempo. Los síntomas pueden interferir con las actividades diarias, como el desempeño en el trabajo, la escuela y las relaciones entre personas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastornos de ansiedad?</h3> <p>Existen varios tipos de trastornos de ansiedad, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong> Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada</strong>: Las personas con este trastorno se preocupan por problemas comunes como la salud, el dinero, el trabajo y la familia. Pero sus preocupaciones son excesivas y las tienen casi todos los días durante al menos 6 meses</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html">Trastorno de pánico</a></strong>: Las personas con trastorno de pánico sufren de ataques de pánico. Estos son repentinos y repetidos momentos de miedo intenso sin haber un peligro aparente. Los ataques se producen rápidamente y pueden durar varios minutos o más</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phobias.html">Fobias</a></strong>: Las personas con fobias tienen un miedo intenso a algo que representa poco o ningún peligro real. Su miedo puede ser por arañas, volar, ir a lugares concurridos o estar en situaciones sociales (conocida como ansiedad social)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa los trastornos de ansiedad?</h3> <p>No se conoce la causa de la ansiedad. Factores como la genética, la biología y química del cerebro, el estrés y su entorno pueden tener un rol.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener trastornos de ansiedad?</h3> <p>Los factores de riesgo para los diferentes tipos de trastornos de ansiedad pueden variar. Por ejemplo, el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada y las fobias son más comunes en las mujeres, pero la ansiedad social afecta a hombres y mujeres por igual. Existen algunos factores de riesgo generales para todos los tipos de trastornos de ansiedad, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Ciertos rasgos de personalidad, como ser tímido o retraído cuando está en situaciones nuevas o conoce personas nuevas</li> <li>Eventos traumáticos en la primera infancia o la edad adulta</li> <li>Antecedentes familiares de ansiedad u otros <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">trastornos mentales</a></li> <li>Algunas afecciones de salud física, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">problemas de tiroides</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">arritmia</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos de ansiedad?</h3> <p>Los diferentes tipos de trastornos de ansiedad pueden tener síntomas diferentes. Pero todos muestran una combinación de:</p> <ul> <li>Pensamientos o creencias ansiosos difíciles de controlar: Le hacen sentir inquieto y tenso e interfieren con su vida diaria. No desaparecen y pueden empeorar con el tiempo</li> <li>Síntomas físicos, como latidos cardíacos fuertes o rápidos, dolores y molestias inexplicables, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">mareos </a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">falta de aire</a></li> <li>Cambios en el comportamiento, como evitar las actividades cotidianas que solía hacer</li> </ul> <p>El uso de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">cafeína</a>, otras sustancias y ciertos medicamentos pueden empeorar sus síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos de ansiedad?</h3> <p>Para diagnosticar los trastornos de ansiedad, su profesional de la salud le preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historial médico. También es posible que le hagan un examen físico y pruebas de laboratorio para verificar que otro problema de salud no sea la causa de sus síntomas.</p> <p>Si no tiene otro problema de salud, recibirá una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">evaluación psicológica</a>. Su proveedor puede hacerlo, o puede ser derivado a un profesional de salud mental para ello.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos de ansiedad?</h3> <p>Los principales tratamientos para los trastornos de ansiedad son psicoterapia (terapia de conversación), medicamentos o ambos:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Psicoterapia</strong>: Puede ayudar a reconocer y cambiar emociones, pensamientos y conductas preocupantes. Para que sea eficaz, debe centrarse en sus ansiedades y necesidades específicas. Hay muchos tipos; Algunos de los tipos utilizados para los trastornos de ansiedad incluyen: <ul> <li><strong>Terapia cognitivo-conductual</strong>: Enseña diferentes formas de pensar y comportarse. Puede ayudarle a cambiar su forma de reaccionar ante las cosas que le provocan miedo y ansiedad. Puede incluir terapia de exposición, la que se enfoca en hacer que usted enfrente sus miedos para que pueda hacer las cosas que había estado evitando</li> <li><strong>Terapia de aceptación y compromiso</strong>: Puede ayudar con algunos trastornos de ansiedad. Utiliza estrategias como la atención plena y el establecimiento de objetivos para reducir el malestar y la ansiedad</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Los medicamentos</strong> para tratar los trastornos de ansiedad incluyen medicamentos contra la ansiedad y ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">antidepresivos</a>. Algunos tipos de medicamentos pueden funcionar mejor para tipos específicos de trastornos de ansiedad. Debe comunicarse bien con su profesional de la salud para identificar qué medicamento es mejor para usted. Es posible que deba probar más de un medicamento antes de encontrar el correcto</li> </ul> <p>Los grupos de apoyo y las técnicas de manejo del estrés también pueden resultar útiles.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</p> Salud mental y conducta Anxiety Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Estrés Fobias Trastorno de pánico Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Apoyo Internacional para el Posparto Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales PDF Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>Los anteojos protegen la vista o la corrigen. Algunos ejemplos son:</p> <ul> <li>Gafas de sol</li> <li>Gafas de seguridad</li> <li>Anteojos ópticos</li> <li>Lentes de contacto</li> </ul> <p>Si necesita lentes para corregirle la vista, es posible que pueda elegir entre lentes de contacto o anteojos Por lo general, requieren una receta médica. Casi cualquier persona puede usar anteojos. Los lentes de contacto requieren un manejo más cuidadoso.</p> <p>Muchos trabajos y algunos deportes conllevan un riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinjuries.html">lesiones oculares</a>. Miles de niños y adultos se lesionan los ojos cada año. La mayoría se puede prevenir con protección adecuada para los ojos. Todas las personas tienen riesgo de sufrir daños en los ojos por el sol durante todo el año. Es importante usar gafas de sol con regularidad que bloqueen al menos el 99% de los rayos ultravioleta (UV).</p> Ojos y visión Eye Wear Instituto Nacional del Ojo Errores de refracción Lentes de contacto Protección ocular Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos <p>Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a germ that lives in soil. Many people know about it from the 2001 <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html">bioterror</a> attacks. In the attacks, someone purposely spread anthrax through the U.S. mail. This killed five people and made 22 sick. </p> <p>Anthrax is rare. It affects animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats more often than people. People can get anthrax from contact with infected animals, wool, meat, or hides. It can cause three forms of disease in people. They are:</p><ul> <li> Cutaneous, which affects the skin. People with cuts or open sores can get it if they touch the bacteria. </li> <li> Inhalation, which affects the lungs. You can get this if you breathe in spores of the bacteria. </li> <li> Gastrointestinal, which affects the digestive system. You can get it by eating infected meat.</li> </ul> <p>Antibiotics often cure anthrax if it is diagnosed early. But many people don't know they have anthrax until it is too late to treat. A vaccine to prevent anthrax is available for people in the military and others at high risk. </p> Infections Ántrax Anthrax Vaccines Anthrax Amharic Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Biodefense and Bioterrorism Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles <h3>What are antibiotics?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">Antibiotics</a> are medicines that treat <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacterial infections</a> in humans and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply. When used properly, antibiotics can save lives. But there is a growing problem of antibiotic resistance.</p> <h3>What is antibiotic resistance?</h3> <p>Antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria change and can resist the effects of an antibiotic. The bacteria are not killed, and they continue to grow. The infections these bacteria cause are called resistant infections. Resistant infections can be difficult, and sometimes impossible, to treat. In some cases, they can even be deadly. </p> <p>Antibiotic resistance does <strong>not</strong> mean that your body is resistant to antibiotics.</p> <p>There are many different types of resistant infections. They include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mrsa.html">MRSA</a> and drug-resistant <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html">tuberculosis</a> (TB). If you get a resistant infection, you might need:</p> <ul> <li>A long hospital stay</li> <li>A long recovery</li> <li>Follow-up visits with health care providers</li> <li>Treatments that are expensive and may have severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">side effects</a></li> </ul> <p>Antibiotic resistance is one type of antimicrobial resistance. There are other types; <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viruses</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html">fungi</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html">parasites</a> can also become resistant to medicines.</p> <h3>How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?</h3> <p>Antibiotic resistance is a natural process that happens over time. To survive, bacteria can develop defense strategies against antibiotics. This happens through genetic changes in the bacteria. These resistant bacteria survive, grow, and spread.</p> <p>Each time you take antibiotics, there is a risk that the bacteria will become resistant. So it is important to only take antibiotics when you really need them. They won't work on viral infections such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">colds</a> and the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a>. And you don't need antibiotics for every bacterial infection. For example, you may not need them for some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html">sinus</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html">ear</a> infections.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop an antibiotic-resistant infection?</h3> <p>Anyone can develop an antibiotic-resistant infection, but certain people may be at higher risk, including those who:</p> <ul> <li>Have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">weakened immune system</a> from diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> or from taking medicines that affect the immune system</li> <li>Are getting medical care such as surgery and hospital stays</li> <li>Take antibiotics for a long time</li> <li>Are infants, especially if they were born <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html">prematurely</a></li> <li>Are older adults</li> </ul> <h3>How can antibiotic resistance be prevented?</h3> <p>There will always be some antibiotic resistance, since it happens naturally. But you can help fight against antibiotic resistance by taking these steps:</p> <ul> <li>Don't use antibiotics for viruses.</li> <li>Don't pressure your health care provider to give you an antibiotic if they don't think you need one.</li> <li>When you take antibiotics, follow the directions carefully.</li> <li>Don't share your antibiotics with others.</li> <li>Don't save antibiotics for later or use someone else's prescription.</li> <li>Help prevent the spread of bacterial infections with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">good hygiene habits</a>. These include washing your hands often and covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Drug Therapy Resistencia a los antibióticos Drug Resistance, Bacterial Drug Resistance, Microbial Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Antibiotics Bacterial Infections Antimicrobial Resistance VRE Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Videos and Tutorials Food and Drug Administration Video Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine Video NIH Specifics World Health Organization Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Video Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Reference Desk Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics Images Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Infographic Images Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Infographic Specifics Food and Drug Administration NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics Statistics and Research National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH <h3>What are antibiotics?</h3> <p>Antibiotics are medicines that fight <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacterial infections</a> in people and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or by making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply.</p> <p>Antibiotics can be taken in different ways:</p><ul> <li>Orally (by mouth). This could be pills, capsules, or liquids.</li> <li>Topically. This might be a cream, spray, or ointment that you put on your skin. It could also be eye ointment, eye drops, or ear drops.</li> <li>Through an injection or intravenously (IV). This is usually for more serious infections.</li> </ul> <h3>What do antibiotics treat?</h3> <p>Antibiotics only treat certain bacterial infections, such as strep throat, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html">urinary tract infections</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecoliinfections.html">E. coli</a>.</p> <p>You may not need to take antibiotics for some bacterial infections. For example, you might not need them for many sinus infections or some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html">ear infections</a>. Taking antibiotics when they're not needed won't help you, and they can have side effects. Your health care provider can decide the best treatment for you when you're sick. Don't ask your provider to prescribe an antibiotic for you.</p> <h3>Do antibiotics treat viral infections?</h3> <p>Antibiotics <strong>do not</strong> work on viral infections. For example, you shouldn't take antibiotics for:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">Colds</a> and runny noses, even if the mucus is thick, yellow, or green</li> <li>Most <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html">sore throats</a> (except strep throat)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">Flu</a></li> <li>Most cases of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html">bronchitis</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the side effects of antibiotics?</h3> <p>The side effects of antibiotics range from minor to very severe. Some of the common side effects include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">Rash</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html">Yeast infections</a></li> </ul> <p>More serious side effects can include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cdiffinfections.html">C. diff infections</a>, which cause diarrhea that can lead to severe colon damage and sometimes even death</li> <li>Severe and life-threatening <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">allergic reactions</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html">Antibiotic resistance infections</a> <br/></li> </ul> <p>Call your health care provider if you develop any side effects while taking your antibiotic.</p> <h3>Why is it important to take antibiotics only when they're needed?</h3> <p>You should only take antibiotics when they are needed because they can cause side effects and can contribute to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html">Antibiotic resistance infections</a>. Antibiotic resistance happens when the bacteria change and become able to resist the effects of an antibiotic. This means that the bacteria continue to grow.</p> <h3>How do I use antibiotics correctly?</h3> <p>When you take antibiotics, it is important that you take them responsibly:</p><ul> <li>Always follow the directions carefully. Finish your medicine even if you feel better. If you stop taking them too soon, some bacteria may survive and re-infect you.</li> <li>Don't save your antibiotics for later.</li> <li>Don't share your antibiotic with others.</li> <li>Don't take antibiotics prescribed for someone else. This may delay the best treatment for you, make you even sicker, or cause side effects.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Drug Therapy Antibióticos Anti-Bacterial Agents Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Antibiotic Resistance Bacterial Infections Medicines Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine Video NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Video Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Reference Desk Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Nemours Foundation <h3>¿Qué son los antibióticos?</h3> <p>Los antibióticos son medicamentos que combaten las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">infecciones bacterianas</a> en personas y animales. Funcionan matando las bacterias o dificultando su crecimiento y multiplicación.</p> <p>Los antibióticos se pueden tomar de diferentes maneras:</p> <ul> <li> Por vía oral (por la boca): Pueden ser pastillas, cápsulas o líquidos</li> <li>Tópicamente: Puede aplicarse en crema, aerosol o ungüento que se ponga en la piel. También podría ser un ungüento para los ojos, gotas para los ojos o gotas para los oídos</li> <li> A través de una inyección o por vía intravenosa: Esto suele utilizarse para infecciones más graves</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué tratan los antibióticos?</h3> <p>Los antibióticos solo tratan ciertas infecciones bacterianas, como amigdalitis estreptocócica, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">infecciones de las vías urinarias</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecoliinfections.html">E. coli</a>.</p> <p>Es posible que no necesite tomar antibióticos para algunas infecciones bacterianas. Por ejemplo, es posible que no los necesite para muchas infecciones sinusales o algunas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html">infecciones del oído</a>. Tomar antibióticos cuando no es necesario no lo ayudará, y pueden tener efectos secundarios. Su profesional de la salud puede determinar el mejor tratamiento para usted cuando esté enfermo. No le pida a su profesional de la salud que le de antibióticos.</p> <h3>¿Tratan las infecciones virales los antibióticos?</h3> <p>Los antibióticos no funcionan para las infecciones virales. Por ejemplo, no debe tomar antibióticos para:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">Resfriados</a> y secreción nasal, incluso si la mucosidad es espesa, amarilla o verde</li> <li>La mayoría de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html">dolores de garganta</a> (excepto la amigdalitis estreptocócica)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">Gripe</a></li> <li>La mayoría de los casos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html">bronquitis</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos secundarios de los antibióticos?</h3> <p>Los efectos secundarios de los antibióticos varían de leves a muy severos. Algunos de los efectos secundarios comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">Sarpullido</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náuseas</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html">Infecciones por cándida</a></li> </ul> <p>Los efectos secundarios más graves pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cdiffinfections.html">Infecciones por Clostridium difficile</a>, las que causan diarrea que puede provocar daños graves en el colon y, a veces, incluso la muerte</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">Reacciones alérgicas</a> graves y potencialmente mortales</li> <li>Infecciones resistentes a los antibióticos</li> </ul> <p>Consulte con su profesional de la salud si presenta algún efecto secundario mientras toma antibióticos.</p> <h3>¿Por qué es importante tomar antibióticos solo cuando es necesario?</h3> <p>Solo debe tomar antibióticos cuando sea necesario porque pueden causar efectos secundarios y pueden contribuir a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html">resistencia a los antibióticos</a>. Esta ocurre cuando la bacteria cambia y puede resistir los efectos de un antibiótico, es decir, las bacterias continúan creciendo.</p> <h3>¿Cómo usar los antibióticos correctamente?</h3> <p>Cuando tome antibióticos, es importante que sea de manera responsable:</p> <ul> <li>Siempre siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente: Termine su tratamiento incluso si se siente mejor. Si deja de tomarlos demasiado pronto, algunas bacterias pueden sobrevivir y volver a infectarle</li> <li>No guarde sus antibióticos para después </li> <li>No comparta antibióticos con otras personas</li> <li>No tome antibióticos recetados para otra persona: Esto puede retrasar el mejor tratamiento para usted, enfermarlo aún más o causar efectos secundarios </li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Tratamiento con medicamentos Antibiotics Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones por estafilococo resistente a la meticilina Medicamentos Resistencia a los antibióticos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <h3>¿Qué son los anticoagulantes?</h3> <p>Los anticoagulantes son medicamentos que evitan la formación de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulos sanguíneos</a>. No rompen los coágulos que ya tiene, pero pueden evitar que crezcan. Es importante tratar los coágulos sanguíneos, porque los coágulos en los vasos sanguíneos y el corazón pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataques al corazón</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">derrames cerebrales</a> y obstrucciones.</p> <h3>¿Quién necesita anticoagulantes?</h3> <p>Es posible que necesite un anticoagulante si tiene:</p> <ul> <li> Ciertas enfermedades del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">corazón</a> o de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html">vasos sanguíneos</a></li> <li>Un ritmo cardíaco anormal llamado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atrialfibrillation.html">fibrilación auricular</a></li> <li>Un reemplazo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html">válvula cardíaca</a></li> <li>Un riesgo de coágulos de sangre después de una cirugía</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">Defectos cardíacos congénitos</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de anticoagulantes?</h3> <p>Hay diferentes tipos de anticoagulantes:</p> <ul> <li>Los <strong>anticoagulantes</strong> como la heparina o la warfarina (también llamada Coumadin), hacen más lento el proceso de formación de coágulos del cuerpo</li> <li>Los <strong>antiplaquetarios</strong> como la aspirina y el clopidogrel evitan que las células sanguíneas llamadas plaquetas se agrupen para formar un coágulo. Los antiplaquetarios los toman principalmente las personas que han tenido un ataque al corazón o un derrame cerebral</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo tomar anticoagulantes en forma segura?</h3> <p>Cuando tome un anticoagulante, siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente. Los anticoagulantes pueden interactuar con ciertos alimentos, medicamentos, vitaminas y el alcohol. Asegúrese de que su profesional de la salud conozca todos los medicamentos y suplementos que toma.</p> <p>Es posible que necesite análisis de sangre regulares para verificar qué tan bien está coagulando su sangre. Es importante asegurarse de que está tomando suficiente medicamento para prevenir los coágulos, pero no tanto como para causar sangrado.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos secundarios de los anticoagulantes?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html">sangrado</a> es el efecto secundario más común de los anticoagulantes. También pueden causar malestar estomacal, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">náuseas </a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a>. Otros posibles efectos secundarios pueden depender del tipo de anticoagulante que esté tomando.</p> <p>Llame a su profesional de la salud si tiene algún signo de sangrado grave, como:</p> <ul> <li>Sangrado menstrual mucho más intenso de lo normal</li> <li>Orina roja o marrón</li> <li>Evacuaciones intestinales rojas o negras</li> <li>Sangrado de las encías o la nariz que no se detiene rápidamente</li> <li>Vómito de color marrón o rojo brillante</li> <li>Toser algo rojo</li> <li>Dolor intenso, como de cabeza o de estómago</li> <li>Moretones inusuales</li> <li>Un corte que no deja de sangrar</li> <li>Una caída grave o un golpe en la cabeza</li> <li>Mareos o debilidad</li> </ul> Sangre, corazón y circulación Tratamiento con medicamentos Blood Thinners Antiplaquetarios Coumadin Warfarina Spanish/Español Niños/as Hospital de Investigación sobre Niños St. Jude PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Antidepresivos tricíclicos Inhibidores de serotonina y norepinefrina (SNRI) Inhibidores selectivos de recaptación de serotonina (SSRI) Medicamentos para la depresión Remedios para la depresión <h3>¿Qué son los antidepresivos?</h3> <p>Los antidepresivos son medicamentos recetados para tratar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a>. La depresión es más que sentirse algo triste o "melancólico" durante unos días. Es una enfermedad médica grave y muy común que afecta su estado de ánimo y su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html">salud mental</a> en general. Puede hacerle sentir cansado, desesperanzado, preocupado o temeroso. Puede cambiar su manera de pensar, dormir y alimentarse. La depresión puede hacer que algunas personas piensen en terminar con sus vidas.</p> <p>Sin embargo, los antidepresivos pueden ayudar a muchas personas con depresión. Los investigadores creen que los antidepresivos pueden ayudar a mejorar la forma en que su cerebro usa ciertas sustancias químicas que controlan el estado de ánimo o el estrés.</p> <h3>¿Se usan antidepresivos para otras afecciones?</h3> <p>Un profesional de la salud puede recetar antidepresivos para la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">dolor crónico</a> o el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html">insomnio</a>. En ocasiones, los proveedores también recetan antidepresivos para otras afecciones.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de antidepresivos?</h3> <p>Hay muchos tipos de antidepresivos. Cada uno funciona de manera diferente. Los profesionales de la salud suelen recetar primero los antidepresivos más nuevos porque no causan tantos efectos secundarios como los tipos más antiguos. También parecen ayudar a más tipos de problemas de depresión y ansiedad.</p> <p>La mayoría de los antidepresivos más nuevos pertenecen a uno de estos tres grupos:</p> <ul> <li>Inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS)</li> <li>Inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina y norepinefrina (IRSN)</li> <li>Antidepresivos atípicos (medicamentos más nuevos que no encajan en las otras categorías)</li> </ul> <p>Si estos antidepresivos no ayudan, su profesional de la salud podría sugerirle uno de los antidepresivos más antiguos. Los tipos más antiguos incluyen antidepresivos tricíclicos, tetracíclicos e inhibidores de la monoaminooxidasa. Aunque estos antidepresivos pueden causar efectos secundarios más serios, los beneficios pueden superar los riesgos para algunas personas.</p> <h3>¿Qué tipo de antidepresivo es adecuado para mí?</h3> <p>Nuestros cuerpos y cerebros funcionan de manera diferente, lo que significa que un antidepresivo puede no funcionar bien para todos. Es posible que deba probar dos o más medicamentos antes de encontrar uno que sirva para usted.</p> <p>Su profesional de la salud trabajará con usted para elegir la mejor opción para probar primero. Considerará preguntas como:</p> <ul> <li><strong>¿Qué síntomas le molestan más?</strong> Algunos antidepresivos pueden ayudar mejor con síntomas específicos, como los problemas para dormir</li> <li><strong>¿Qué otros medicamentos y suplementos toma?</strong> Algunos antidepresivos pueden causar problemas si los toma con ciertos medicamentos y hierbas</li> <li><strong>¿Funcionó bien algún antidepresivo para un pariente cercano?</strong> Un antidepresivo que ayudó a un padre, hermano o hermana también podría ser una buena opción para usted</li> <li><strong>¿Tiene otras afecciones de salud?</strong> Ciertos antidepresivos pueden mejorar o empeorar algunas otras afecciones. Cualquier otro trastorno que tenga será parte de la elección de su tratamiento para la depresión</li> <li><strong>¿Está embarazada, planificando un embarazo o amamantando?</strong> Si es así, su proveedor la ayudará a encontrar una manera de tratar su depresión que sea segura para usted y su bebé</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuánto tardan en hacer efecto los antidepresivos?</h3> <p>Los antidepresivos suelen tardar de 4 a 8 semanas en hacer efecto, por lo que deberá tener paciencia. Puede notar que algunos problemas, como dormir y comer, mejoran antes de que mejore su estado de ánimo. Esa es una buena señal. Es posible que solo necesite darle al medicamento un poco más de tiempo para que haga su trabajo.</p> <p>A veces, un antidepresivo ayuda al principio, pero los síntomas regresan mientras aún lo está tomando. Pero en general hay otro que puede probar. Para obtener más alivio de la depresión, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle combinar dos antidepresivos, usar otro tipo de medicamento con un antidepresivo o agregar terapia de conversación u otros enfoques para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">mejorar su salud mental</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuánto tiempo tendré que tomar un antidepresivo?</h3> <p>Cuando un antidepresivo comienza a funcionar, usted y su proveedor pueden decidir cuánto tiempo debe seguir tomándolo. La duración típica del tratamiento es de 6 a 12 meses, pero algunas personas pueden permanecer con los antidepresivos durante mucho más tiempo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos secundarios de los antidepresivos?</h3> <p>No todo el mundo tiene efectos secundarios de los antidepresivos. Pero si los tiene, en general son leves y pueden mejorar con el tiempo a medida que su cuerpo se acostumbra al nuevo medicamento.</p> <p>Los efectos secundarios más comunes de los antidepresivos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náusea y vómitos</a></li> <li>Aumento de peso</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a></li> <li>Somnolencia</li> <li>Problemas sexuales, como falta de deseo o capacidad para tener relaciones sexuales</li> </ul> <p>Al pensar en los efectos secundarios, es importante recordar que también existen riesgos por no tratar la depresión. Su proveedor puede ayudarle a analizar los pros y los contras de todas sus opciones.</p> <p>Si tiene efectos secundarios debido a los antidepresivos, su proveedor puede sugerir formas de controlarlos mientras espera a que hagan efecto. Si los efectos secundarios le molestan demasiado, es posible que deba cambiar los antidepresivos. Pero nunca debe cambiar su dosis o dejar de tomar un antidepresivo por su cuenta.</p> <p>Si tiene problemas graves o nota cambios que le preocupan, como síntomas nuevos o que empeoran, cambios inusuales en su estado de ánimo o comienza a actuar de manera diferente, llame a su proveedor de inmediato.</p> <p>En algunos casos, es más probable que los niños, adolescentes y adultos jóvenes menores de 25 años piensen en lastimarse o suicidarse cuando comienzan a tomar antidepresivos o cuando se cambia la dosis. Obtenga ayuda médica de inmediato si esto sucede.</p> <h3>¿Qué puedo hacer para tomar antidepresivos de manera segura?</h3> <p>En general, los antidepresivos son seguros cuando los usa correctamente:</p> <ul> <li><strong> Informe a su proveedor sobre todo lo que toma</strong>: Incluye medicamentos, hierbas, suplementos y medicamentos de venta libre que toma, como analgésicos y descongestionantes. También sea honesto acerca de las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas recreativas</a> y el alcohol </li> <li><strong>Trate de obtener todos sus medicamentos en la misma farmacia</strong>: De esa manera, el farmacéutico puede advertirle a usted y a su proveedor si toma medicamentos que pueden causar problemas cuando se usan juntos</li> <li><strong>Siga todas las instrucciones sobre cómo tomar su medicamento</strong></li> <li><strong>Hable con su proveedor si le molestan los efectos secundarios</strong></li> <li><strong>Nunca deje de tomar antidepresivos sin la ayuda de su profesional de la salud</strong>: Detenerse demasiado rápido puede hacer que la depresión regrese. Incluso podría empeorar su afección. Para dejar de tomar antidepresivos de manera segura, debe darle tiempo a su cuerpo para que se acostumbre a estar sin el medicamento. Su proveedor puede indicarle la manera más segura de dejar un antidepresivo</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</p> Salud mental y conducta Tratamiento con medicamentos Antidepressants Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Depresión Inhibidores de serotonina y norepinefrina (SNRI) Inhibidores selectivos de recaptación de serotonina (SSRI) Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia SSRIs Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Tricyclic antidepressants <h3>What are antidepressants?</h3> <p>Antidepressants are prescription medicines to treat depression. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a> is more than feeling a little sad or "blue" for a few days. It's a very common, serious medical illness that affects your mood and general <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html">mental health</a> It can make you feel tired, hopeless, worried, or fearful. It can change your thinking, sleeping, and eating. Depression may make some people think about ending their lives.</p> <p>But antidepressants can help many people who have depression. Researchers think antidepressants may help improve the way your brain uses certain chemicals that control mood or stress.</p> <h3>Are antidepressants used for other conditions?</h3> <p>A health care provider may prescribe antidepressants for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">chronic pain</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html">insomnia</a>. Sometimes providers also prescribe antidepressants for other conditions.</p> <h3>What are the different types of antidepressants?</h3> <p>There are many types of antidepressants. Each one works differently. Providers usually prescribe newer antidepressants first because they don't cause as many side effects as older types. They also seem to help more kinds of depression and anxiety problems.</p> <p>Most of the newer antidepressants belong to one of these three groups:</p> <ul> <li>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</li> <li>Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)</li> <li>Atypical antidepressants, which are newer antidepressants that don't fit into the other groups</li> </ul> <p>If these antidepressants don't help, your provider might suggest one of the older antidepressants. The older types include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclics, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Even though these antidepressants may cause more serious side effects, the benefits may outweigh the risks for some people.</p> <h3>Which type of antidepressant is right for me?</h3> <p>Our bodies and brains all work differently. That means one antidepressant won't work for everyone. You may need to try two or more medicines before you find one that works for you.</p> <p>Your provider will work with you to choose the best option to try first. You'll consider questions such as:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Which symptoms bother you most?</strong> Some antidepressants may do a better job helping specific symptoms, such as trouble sleeping.</li> <li><strong>What other medicines and supplements do you take?</strong> Some antidepressants can cause problems if you take them with certain medicines and herbs.</li> <li><strong>Did a certain antidepressant work well for a close relative?</strong> An antidepressant that helped a parent, brother, or sister could be a good choice for you, too.</li> <li><strong>Do you have other health conditions?</strong> Certain antidepressants can make some other conditions better or worse. Any other conditions that you have will be part of choosing your depression treatment.</li> <li><strong>Are you pregnant, planning for pregnancy, or breastfeeding?</strong> If so, your provider will help you find a way to treat your depression that's safe for you and your baby.</li> </ul> <h3>How long do antidepressants take to work?</h3> <p>Antidepressants usually take 4 to 8 weeks to work, so you'll need to be patient. You may notice that some problems, such as sleeping and eating, get better before your mood improves. That's a good sign. You may just need to give the medicine a little more time to do its job.</p> <p>Sometimes an antidepressant helps at first, but symptoms return while you're still taking it. But there's usually another one you can try. To get more relief from depression, your provider may suggest combining two antidepressants, using another kind of medicine with an antidepressant, or adding talk therapy or other approaches <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">to improve your mental health</a>.</p> <h3>How long will I need to take an antidepressant?</h3> <p>When an antidepressant starts to work, you and your provider can decide how long you need to stay on it. The typical length of treatment is 6 to 12 months, but some people may stay on antidepressants for much longer.</p> <h3>What are the side effects of antidepressants?</h3> <p>Not everyone has side effects from antidepressants. But if you do have them, they're usually mild and may get better over time as your body gets used to the new medicine.</p> <p>The most common side effects from antidepressants include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and vomiting</a></li> <li>Weight gain</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> <li>Sleepiness</li> <li>Sexual problems, such as a lack of desire or ability to have sex</li> </ul> <p>When thinking about side effects, it's important to remember that there are also risks from not treating depression. Your provider can help you think through the pros and cons of all your options.</p> <p>If you have any side effects from antidepressants, your provider may suggest ways to manage them while you wait to see if the antidepressant will work. If the side effects bother you too much, you may need to change antidepressants. But you should never change your dose or stop taking an antidepressant on your own.</p> <p>If you have serious problems or notice any changes that worry you, such as new or worsening symptoms, unusual changes in your mood, or you start acting differently, call your provider right away.</p> <p>In some cases, children, teenagers, and young adults under 25 may be more likely to think about hurting or killing themselves when starting antidepressants or when the dose is changed. Get medical help right away if this happens.</p> <h3>What can I do to take antidepressants safely?</h3> <p>Antidepressants are generally safe when you use them correctly:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Tell your provider about everything you take.</strong> That includes medicines, herbs, supplements, and over-the-counter medicines you take, such as pain relievers and decongestants. Be honest about <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">recreational drugs</a> and alcohol, too.</li> <li><strong>Try to get all your medicines from the same pharmacy.</strong> That way the pharmacist can warn you and your provider if you take medicines that may cause problems when used together.</li> <li><strong>Follow all instructions about how to take your medicine.</strong></li> <li><strong>Talk with your provider if side effects bother you.</strong></li> <li><strong>Never stop taking antidepressants without your provider's help.</strong> Stopping too fast may make depression come back. You could even make your condition worse. To stop antidepressants safely, you need to give your body time to get used to being without the medicine. Your provider can tell you the safest way to go off an antidepressant.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health</p> Mental Health and Behavior Drug Therapy Antidepresivos Antidepressive Agents Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Depression SNRI SSRIs Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Food and Drug Administration Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert NAMI Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <p>Los antioxidantes son sustancias naturales o fabricadas por el hombre que pueden prevenir o retrasar algunos tipos de daños a las células. Los antioxidantes se encuentran en muchos alimentos, incluyendo frutas y verduras. También se encuentran disponibles como suplementos dietéticos. Ejemplos de antioxidantes incluyen:</p><ul> <li> Beta carotenos</li> <li> Luteína </li> <li>Licopeno </li> <li>Selenio </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamina.html">Vitamina A</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminc.html">Vitamina C</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamine.html">Vitamina E</a> </li> </ul> <p>Las verduras y frutas son ricas fuentes de antioxidantes. Existe amplia evidencia que el consumo de una dieta con muchas verduras y frutas es saludable y reduce riesgos de sufrir ciertas enfermedades. Pero no está claro si esto es debido a los antioxidantes, a algo más presente en los alimentos u otros factores.</p> <p>Suplementos con altas dosis de antioxidantes en algunos casos pueden estar relacionados con riesgos para la salud. Por ejemplo, altas dosis de beta-caroteno pueden aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de pulmón en fumadores. Dosis elevadas de vitamina E podrían aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de próstata y un tipo de ataque cerebral. Los suplementos antioxidantes también podrían interactuar con algunas medicinas. Para reducir el riesgo, cuéntele a su proveedor de atención médica sobre cualquier antioxidante que toma.</p> <p class="">Centro Nacional para la Medicina Complementaria y Alternativa</p> Alimentos y nutrición Antioxidants Vitamina A Vitamina C Vitamina E Vitaminas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH <p>Antioxidants are man-made or natural substances that may prevent or delay some types of cell damage. Antioxidants are found in many foods, including fruits and vegetables. They are also available as dietary supplements. Examples of antioxidants include:</p><ul> <li> Beta-carotene </li> <li> Lutein </li> <li> Lycopene</li> <li> Selenium</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamina.html">Vitamin A</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminc.html">Vitamin C</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamine.html">Vitamin E</a></li> </ul> <p>Vegetables and fruits are rich sources of antioxidants. There is good evidence that eating a diet with lots of vegetables and fruits is healthy and lowers risks of certain diseases. But it isn't clear whether this is because of the antioxidants, something else in the foods, or other factors.</p> <p>High-dose supplements of antioxidants may be linked to health risks in some cases. For example, high doses of beta-carotene may increase the risk of lung cancer in smokers. High doses of vitamin E may increase risks of prostate cancer and one type of stroke. Antioxidant supplements may also interact with some medicines. To minimize risk, tell your health care providers about any antioxidants you use.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</p> Food and Nutrition Antioxidantes Antioxidants Spanish Vitamin A Vitamin C Vitamin E Vitamins Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here Harvard School of Public Health Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH <h3>What is anxiety?</h3> <p>Anxiety is a feeling of fear, dread, and uneasiness. It might cause you to sweat, feel restless and tense, and have a rapid heartbeat. It can be a normal reaction to stress. For example, you might feel anxious when faced with a difficult problem at work, before taking a test, or before making an important decision. It can help you to cope. The anxiety may give you a boost of energy or help you focus. But for people with anxiety disorders, the fear is not temporary and can be overwhelming.</p> <h3>What are anxiety disorders?</h3> <p>Anxiety disorders are conditions in which you have anxiety that does not go away and can get worse over time. The symptoms can interfere with daily activities such as job performance, schoolwork, and relationships.</p> <h3>What are the types of anxiety disorders?</h3> <p>There are several types of anxiety disorders, including: </p><ul> <li><strong>Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).</strong> People with GAD worry about ordinary issues such as health, money, work, and family. But their worries are excessive, and they have them almost every day for at least 6 months.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html">Panic disorder</a>.</strong> People with panic disorder have panic attacks. These are sudden, repeated periods of intense fear when there is no danger. The attacks come on quickly and can last several minutes or more.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/phobias.html">Phobias</a>.</strong> People with phobias have an intense fear of something that poses little or no actual danger. Their fear may be about spiders, flying, going to crowded places, or being in social situations (known as social anxiety).</li> </ul> <h3>What causes anxiety disorders?</h3> <p>The cause of anxiety is unknown. Factors such as genetics, brain biology and chemistry, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>, and your environment may play a role.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for anxiety disorders?</h3> <p>The risk factors for the different types of anxiety disorders can vary. For example, GAD and phobias are more common in women, but social anxiety affects men and women equally. There are some general risk factors for all types of anxiety disorders, including:</p><ul> <li>Certain personality traits, such as being shy or withdrawn when you are in new situations or meeting new people</li> <li>Traumatic events in early childhood or adulthood</li> <li>Family history of anxiety or other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental disorders</a></li> <li>Some physical health conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">thyroid problems</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">arrhythmia</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of anxiety disorders?</h3> <p>The different types of anxiety disorders can have different symptoms. But they all have a combination of:</p><ul> <li>Anxious thoughts or beliefs that are hard to control. They make you feel restless and tense and interfere with your daily life. They do not go away and can get worse over time.</li> <li>Physical symptoms, such as a pounding or rapid heartbeat, unexplained aches and pains, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">dizziness</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">shortness of breath</a></li> <li>Changes in behavior, such as avoiding everyday activities you used to do</li> </ul> <p>Using <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">caffeine</a>, other substances, and certain medicines can make your symptoms worse.</p> <h3>How are anxiety disorders diagnosed?</h3> <p>To diagnose anxiety disorders, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. You may also have a physical exam and lab tests to make sure that a different health problem is not the cause of your symptoms.</p> <p>If you don't have another health problem, you will get a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">psychological evaluation</a>. Your provider may do it, or you may be referred to a mental health professional to get one.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for anxiety disorders?</h3> <p>The main treatments for anxiety disorders are psychotherapy (talk therapy), medicines, or both:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Psychotherapy</strong> can help you recognize and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. To be effective, it should focus on your specific anxieties and needs. There are many types; some of the types used for anxiety disorders include: <ul> <li><strong>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT),</strong> which teaches you different ways of thinking and behaving. It can help you change how you react to the things that cause you to feel fear and anxiety. It may include exposure therapy. This therapy focuses on having you confront your fears so that you will be able to do the things that you had been avoiding.</li> <li><strong>Acceptance and commitment therapy</strong> may help with some anxiety disorders. It uses strategies such as mindfulness and goal setting to reduce discomfort and anxiety.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> to treat anxiety disorders include anti-anxiety medicines and certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">antidepressants</a>. Some types of medicines may work better for specific types of anxiety disorders. You should work closely with your provider to identify which medicine is best for you. You may need to try more than one medicine before you can find the right one.</li> </ul> <p>Support groups and stress management techniques may also be helpful.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health</p> Mental Health and Behavior Ansiedad Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Arabic Bengali Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hmong Japanese Korean Lao Polish Portuguese Russian Samoan Spanish Spanish Tagalog Thai Urdu Vietnamese National Institute of Mental Health Panic Disorder Phobias Stress Generalized Anxiety Disorder NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Teenagers Nemours Foundation Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert Anxiety and Depression Association of America Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Statistics and Research NIH Treatments and Therapies American Psychological Association Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Anxiety and Depression Association of America Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Video Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists PDF Find an Expert NAMI Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Postpartum Support International Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Migraine Foundation Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Psychiatric Association Living With American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists PDF Women Food and Drug Administration Teenagers American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Examen de orina Pruebas de orina <p>Un análisis de orina es una prueba de su orina. A menudo se realiza para chequear si hay una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">infección de las vías urinarias</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">problemas renales</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>. Usted también puede someterse a uno durante un chequeo médico, si es ingresado al hospital, antes de una cirugía o si está embarazada. Este también puede monitorear algunas afecciones médicas y tratamientos.</p> <p>Un análisis de orina consiste en chequear:</p> <ul> <li>Su color</li> <li>Su aspecto (si es clara o turbia)</li> <li>Su olor</li> <li>El nivel de acidez (pH)</li> <li>Si hay sustancias que normalmente no están en la orina, como la sangre, el exceso de proteínas, glucosa, cetonas, y bilirrubina</li> <li>Si existen células, cristales y cilindros urinarios (proteínas en forma de tubo)</li> <li>Si presenta bacterias u otros gérmenes</li> </ul> Riñones y sistema urinario Urinalysis Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Orina, Análisis Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Examen de sangre Hemograma completo Pruebas de conteo sanguíneo Pruebas de sangre Recuento sanguíneo <p> Su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html">sangre</a> contiene glóbulos rojos, glóbulos blancos y plaquetas. El análisis o examen de sangre mide el número y tipos de células en la sangre. Esto ayuda a los médicos a verificar su estado general de salud. Las pruebas también pueden ayudar a diagnosticar enfermedades y afecciones como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia</a>, infecciones, problemas de coagulación, cáncer de la sangre y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">enfermedades del sistema inmunitario</a>.</p> <p>Los tipos específicos incluyen pruebas para:</p><ul> <li>Glóbulos rojos: Número, tamaño y tipos de glóbulos rojos en la sangre</li> <li>Glóbulos blancos: Número y tipos de glóbulos blancos en la sangre</li> <li>Plaquetas: Número y tamaño de las plaquetas</li> <li>Hemoglobina: Proteína rica en hierro en los glóbulos rojos que transporta el oxígeno</li> <li>Hematocrito: La cantidad de espacio que toman los glóbulos rojos en su sangre</li> <li>Conteo de reticulocitos: El número de glóbulos rojos jóvenes en su sangre</li> <li>La media del volumen corpuscular medio: El tamaño promedio de los glóbulos rojos</li> </ul> <p>El recuento sanguíneo completo o hemograma incluye la mayor parte o la totalidad de estas pruebas. Es una de las pruebas de sangre más comunes.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Blood Count Tests Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Conteo sanguíneo, Prueba de Sangre, Examen de Sangre, Pruebas de Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html">aneurysm</a> is a bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to other parts of the body. If an aneurysm grows large, it can burst and cause dangerous bleeding or even death.</p> <p>Most aneurysms are in the aorta, the main artery that runs from the heart through the chest and abdomen.</p> <p>There are two types of aortic aneurysm:</p> <ul> <li>Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) - these occur in the part of the aorta running through the chest</li> <li>Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) - these occur in the part of the aorta running through the abdomen</li> </ul> <p>Most aneurysms are found during tests done for other reasons. Some people are at high risk for aneurysms. It is important for them to get screening, because aneurysms can develop and become large before causing any symptoms. Screening is recommended for people between the ages of 65 and 75 if they have a family history, or if they are men who have smoked. Doctors use imaging tests to find aneurysms. Medicines and surgery are the two main treatments.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Aneurisma aórtico Aortic Aneurysm Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Aneurysms Heart Health Tests AAA Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Aortic Dissection TAA Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Texas Heart Institute Children Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Vascular Cures Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Specifics Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <h3>¿Qué son los aparatos para movilidad asistida?</h3> <p>Los aparatos para movilidad asistida (o dispositivos de ayuda para la movilidad) le ayudan a caminar o a moverse de un lugar a otro si tiene una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html">discapacidad</a> o una lesión.</p> <p>Los tipos de aparatos para movilidad asistida pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Muletas</li> <li>Bastones</li> <li>Andadores</li> <li>Sillas de ruedas</li> <li>Escúter motorizado</li> <li>Prótesis, un dispositivo para reemplazar una parte faltante de su cuerpo o hacer que una parte de su cuerpo funcione mejor, como una pierna</li> </ul> <p>Las rampas, salvaescaleras y pasamanos también son dispositivos de ayuda para la movilidad. Estos pueden ayudarle a desplazarse de forma segura por su entorno.</p> <h3>¿Quién puede beneficiarse de los aparatos para movilidad asistida?</h3> <p>Los aparatos para movilidad asistida pueden ayudar a las personas que tienen una discapacidad física o problemas para desplazarse a ser más independientes. Algunas de las razones por las que un aparato para movilidad asistida podría ayudar incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Es posible que necesite un andador o un bastón tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">riesgo de caerse</a> o se está recuperando de una lesión en la parte inferior del cuerpo</li> <li>Puede utilizar muletas para mantener el peso corporal fuera del pie, el tobillo o la rodilla.</li> <li>Es posible que necesite una silla de ruedas o un escúter si una lesión o enfermedad le impide caminar</li> <li>Diversos aparatos para movilidad asistida también pueden beneficiar a personas con determinadas afecciones de salud o a adultos mayores</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo elegir un aparato para movilidad asistida?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud o un fisioterapeuta pueden ayudarle a elegir un aparato para movilidad asistida. Elegir estos dispositivos requiere tiempo e investigación. Es posible que necesite buena fortaleza en la parte superior del cuerpo o buen equilibrio para usar algunos aparatos para movilidad asistida de manera segura. De lo contrario, es posible que no sean la mejor opción para usted. Debe estar preparado para usar dispositivos como muletas, bastones y andadores. Si se ajustan, estos dispositivos le brindarán apoyo, pero pueden resultar incómodos e inseguros si no lo hacen.</p> Bienestar y estilo de vida Mobility Aids Tecnología asistencial Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Recursos para la Parálisis de la Fundación Christopher y Dana Reeve Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Inflamación del apéndice <p>El apéndice es un órgano pequeño, en forma de tubo, unido a la primera parte del intestino grueso. Está ubicada en la parte inferior derecha del abdomen y no tiene ninguna función conocida. La apendicitis es causada por un bloqueo en el interior del apéndice. Este bloqueo provoca un aumento de la presión, problemas con el flujo de la sangre e inflamación. Si el bloqueo no se trata, el apéndice puede romperse y diseminar la infección hacia el abdomen. Esta afección se llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peritonealdisorders.html">peritonitis</a>. </p> <p>El síntoma principal es dolor en el abdomen, generalmente del lado derecho que va empeorando con el correr del tiempo. Otros síntomas pueden ser:</p><ul> <li> Hinchazón en el abdomen </li> <li>Pérdida del apetito </li> <li>Nausea y vómitos </li> <li> Estreñimiento o diarrea </li> <li> Incapacidad para eliminar gases </li> <li> Fiebre baja </li> </ul> <p>Hay que tener en cuenta que no todas las personas con apendicitis tienen estos síntomas. </p> <p>La apendicitis es una urgencia médica. El tratamiento casi siempre implica la extirpación del apéndice. Cualquier persona puede padecer de apendicitis pero se presenta con mayor frecuencia en las personas de entre 10 y 30 años. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Appendicitis Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Gastrointestinales Endoscópicos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <h3>What is aphasia?</h3> <p>Aphasia is a language disorder that makes it hard for you to read, write, and say what you mean to say. Sometimes it makes it hard to understand what other people are saying, too. Aphasia is not a disease. It's a symptom of damage to the parts of the brain that control language.</p> <p>The signs of aphasia depend on which part of the brain is damaged. There are four main types of aphasia:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Expressive aphasia</strong> is when you know what you want to say, but you have trouble saying or writing your thoughts.</li> <li><strong>Receptive aphasia</strong> affects your ability to read and understand speech. You can hear what people say or see words on a page, but you have trouble making sense of what they mean.</li> <li><strong>Global aphasia</strong> is the loss of almost all language ability. You can't speak, understand speech, read, or write. </li> <li><strong>Anomic or amnesia aphasia</strong> is when you have trouble using the right words for certain things, people, places or events.</li> </ul> <p>In some cases, aphasia may get better on its own. But it can be a long-term condition. There's no cure, but treatment may help improve language skills.</p> <h3>What causes aphasia?</h3> <p>Aphasia happens from damage to one or more parts of the brain involved with language. The damage may be from:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Stroke</a>, which is the most common cause of aphasia</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html">Brain tumor</a></li> <li>Brain infection or inflammation</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">Brain injury</a></li> <li>Other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braindiseases.html">brain disorders</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">neurologic diseases</a> that affect the brain and get worse over time, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html">dementia</a></li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop aphasia?</h3> <p>Anyone can have aphasia at any age, but most people with aphasia are middle-aged or older. Most aphasia happens suddenly from a stroke or brain injury. Aphasia from a brain tumor or other brain disorder may develop slowly over time.</p> <h3>How is aphasia diagnosed?</h3> <p>If a health care provider sees signs of aphasia, the provider will usually:</p> <ul> <li>Test the person's ability to understand language and speech. This includes asking questions and checking to see if the person can follow simple commands.</li> <li>Order an imaging scan to see if there's a brain injury and what part of the brain is damaged. Possible tests include: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>If imaging shows signs of aphasia, more tests may be needed. These tests measure how much the brain damage has affected the ability to talk, read, write, and understand. In most cases, the tests are done by a speech-language pathologist or speech therapist (a specialist who treats <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">speech and communication disorders</a>).</p> <h3>What are the treatments for aphasia?</h3> <p>Some people fully recover from aphasia without treatment. But most people should begin speech-language therapy to treat aphasia as soon as possible.</p> <p>Treatment may be one-on-one with a speech therapist or in a group. Therapy using a computer may also be helpful.</p> <p>The specific therapy depends on the type of language loss that a person has. It may include exercises in reading, writing, following directions, and repeating what the therapist says. Therapy may also include learning how to communicate with gestures, pictures, smartphones, or other electronic devices.</p> <p>Family participation may be an important part of speech therapy. Family members can learn to help with recovery in many ways, such as:</p> <ul> <li>Using simpler language</li> <li>Including the person with aphasia in conversations</li> <li>Repeating or writing down key words to help communicate more clearly</li> </ul> <p></p>Language abilities may continue to improve over many years. In general, people recover their ability to understand language more fully than their ability to speak.<p></p> <p>How much a person recovers depends on many things, including:</p> <ul> <li>What caused the brain injury</li> <li>What part of the brain was hurt</li> <li>How badly and how much of the brain was hurt</li> <li>The age and health of the person</li> </ul> <h3>Can aphasia be prevented?</h3> <p>You can help prevent aphasia by:</p> <ul> <li>Making <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">heart-healthy lifestyle changes</a> to lower your chance of having: <ul> <li>A stroke</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html">Vascular disease</a> (problems with your blood vessels)</li> </ul> </li><li>Protecting your brain from injury: <ul> <li>Wearing the right helmet for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html">sports safety</a>, such as when riding a bike</li> <li>Taking action to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">falls</a></li> <li>Always wearing your seatbelt and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/motorvehiclesafety.html">driving safely</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</p> Brain and Nerves Afasia Aphasia Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Speech and Communication Disorders Stroke Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics American Stroke Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Specifics American Stroke Association PDF Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Reference Desk National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Related Issues American Stroke Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Federal Communications Commission Start Here American Stroke Association <h3>What is aplastic anemia?</h3> <p>Aplastic <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html"> anemia</a> is a rare but serious blood disorder. If you have it, your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html">bone marrow</a> doesn't make enough new blood cells. It happens when there is damage to stem cells inside your bone marrow. There are different types of aplastic anemia, including Fanconi anemia.</p> <h3>What causes aplastic anemia?</h3> <p>The causes of aplastic anemia can include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">Autoimmune disorders</a>, which are the most common cause</li> <li>Certain inherited gene changes, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fanconi-anemia/">the one that can cause Fanconi anemia</a></li> <li>Toxic substances, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html">pesticides</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arsenic.html">arsenic</a>, and benzene</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a> for cancer</li> <li>Certain medicines</li> <li>Viral infections such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html">hepatitis</a>, Epstein-Barr virus, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a></li> <li>Pregnancy</li> </ul> <p>In many people, the cause is unknown. This is called idiopathic aplastic anemia.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of aplastic anemia?</h3> <p>Aplastic anemia can develop suddenly or slowly. It can be mild or severe. The symptoms of aplastic anemia can include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Weakness</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a></li> <li>Easy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html">bruising</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html">bleeding</a></li> </ul> <h3>What other problems can aplastic anemia cause?</h3> <p>Aplastic anemia can cause other problems, including frequent infections and bleeding. It raises your risk of developing a serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html">blood disorder</a>.</p> <p>If not treated, aplastic anemia can also lead to heart problems such as an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">arrhythmia</a> (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat), an enlarged heart, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">heart failure</a>.</p> <h3>How is aplastic anemia diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have aplastic anemia, your doctor will:</p><p> </p><ul> <li>Take your medical and your family medical histories</li> <li>Do a physical exam</li> <li>Order tests, such as tests to check if you have low numbers of cells in your bone marrow and blood</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for aplastic anemia?</h3> <p>If you have aplastic anemia, your doctor will create a treatment plan for you. The plan will be based on how severe the anemia is and what is causing it. Treatments can include:</p> <ul> <li>Blood <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">transfusions</a></li> <li>Blood and marrow <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">stem cell transplants</a></li> <li>Medicines to suppress your immune system</li> </ul> <p>Because of the risk of blood disorders, your doctor will monitor your condition and screen you for blood disorders regularly.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Immune System Anemia aplásica Anemia, Aplastic Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Anemia Bone Marrow Diseases Bone Marrow Transplantation Fanconi Anemia Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Marrow Donor Program Related Issues Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation <p>La apnea del sueño es un trastorno común en donde la respiración se interrumpe o se hace muy superficial. Estas interrupciones pueden durar desde unos pocos segundos a minutos y pueden ocurrir más de 30 veces por hora. </p> <p>El tipo más común es la apnea obstructiva del sueño. Esta causa un colapso en las vías respiratorias o una obstrucción de ellas durante el sueño. Luego, la respiración vuelve con un ronquido o resoplido. La gente que padece de apnea suele roncar muy fuerte. De todos modos, no todas las personas que <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/snoring.html">roncan</a> tienen apnea. </p> <p>Las personas que tienen más riesgo de apnea son: hombres, personas que tienen sobrepeso, historia familiar o pequeñas vías respiratorias. Los niños con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html">amígdalas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adenoids.html">adenoides</a> hinchadas también pueden sufrir de apnea. </p> <p> El diagnóstico se basa en su historia médica y familiar, un examen físico y en los resultados de un examen del sueño. </p> <p> Cuando el sueño se interrumpe durante la noche, puede estar somnoliento durante el día. Las personas con apnea del sueño tienen mayor riesgo de sufrir accidentes de tránsito, accidentes de trabajo y otros problemas médicos. Si usted tiene apnea del sueño, es importante que reciba tratamiento. Estos pueden incluir cambios en el estilo de vida, dispositivos bucales, cirugía y aparatos para la respiración.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Cerebro y nervios Pulmón y vías respiratorias Sleep Apnea Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Problemas del sueño Problemas respiratorios Roncar Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos <p>The appendix is a small, tube-like organ attached to the first part of the large intestine. It is located in the lower right part of the abdomen. It has no known function. A blockage inside of the appendix causes appendicitis. The blockage leads to increased pressure, problems with blood flow, and inflammation. If the blockage is not treated, the appendix can burst and spread infection into the abdomen. This causes a condition called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peritonealdisorders.html">peritonitis</a>.</p> <p>The main symptom is pain in the abdomen, often on the right side. It is usually sudden and gets worse over time. Other symptoms may include:</p><ul> <li> Swelling in the abdomen</li> <li> Loss of appetite</li> <li> Nausea and vomiting</li> <li> Constipation or diarrhea</li> <li> Inability to pass gas</li> <li> Low fever </li> </ul> <p>Not everyone with appendicitis has all these symptoms.</p> <p>Appendicitis is a medical emergency. Treatment almost always involves removing the appendix. Anyone can get appendicitis, but it is more common among people 10 to 30 years old.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Apendicitis Appendicitis Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Video Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation <p>Of the 206 bones in your body, three of them are in your arm: the humerus, radius, and ulna. Your arms are also made up of muscles, joints, tendons, and other connective tissue. Injuries to any of these parts of the arm can occur during sports, a fall, or an accident.</p> <p>Types of arm injuries include :</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html">Tendinitis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bursitis.html">bursitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">Sprains</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html">Dislocations</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">Fractures</a> (broken bones)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html">Nerve problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoarthritis</a></li> </ul> <p>You may also have problems or injure specific parts of your arm, such as your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html">hand</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html">wrist</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html">elbow</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html">shoulder</a>. </p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades del brazo Humeral Fractures Arm Injuries Ulna Fractures Radius Fractures Arm physiopathology Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Elbow Injuries and Disorders Hand Injuries and Disorders Shoulder Injuries and Disorders Wrist Injuries and Disorders Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Older Adults American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Children American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF In English and Spanish Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Irregular heartbeat <p>An arrhythmia is a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat. It means that your heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern. When the heart beats faster than normal, it is called tachycardia. When the heart beats too slowly, it is called bradycardia. The most common type of arrhythmia is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html">atrial fibrillation</a>, which causes an irregular and fast heart beat.</p> <p>Many factors can affect your heart's rhythm, such as having had a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>, smoking, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">congenital heart defects</a>, and stress. Some substances or medicines may also cause arrhythmias. </p> <p>Symptoms of arrhythmias include:</p><ul> <li>Fast or slow heart beat</li> <li>Skipping beats</li> <li>Lightheadedness or dizziness</li> <li>Chest pain</li> <li>Shortness of breath </li> <li>Sweating </li> </ul> <p>Your doctor can run tests to find out if you have an arrhythmia. Treatment to restore a normal heart rhythm may include medicines, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">(ICD) or pacemaker</a>, or sometimes surgery. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Arritmia Arrhythmias, Cardiac Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Atrial Fibrillation Heart Health Tests Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators Bradycardia Irregular Heartbeat Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia Tachycardia Start Here American Heart Association Related Issues American Heart Association PDF Related Issues American Heart Association Find an Expert American Heart Association Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Texas Heart Institute Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Heart Rhythm Society Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Texas Heart Institute Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Heart Association Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Heart Rhythm Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Heart Association Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Heart Rhythm Society Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Heart Rhythm Society Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics American Heart Association Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics American Heart Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Heart Rhythm Society Diagnosis and Tests Heart Rhythm Society Related Issues Heart Rhythm Society Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Heart Association Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children American Heart Association Prevention and Risk Factors American Heart Association Find an Expert Heart Rhythm Society Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Heart Association Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Disrritmias Problemas con los latidos del corazón Ritmo cardíaco anormal <p>Una arritmia es cualquier trastorno en los latidos o el ritmo del corazón. Significa que el corazón late demasiado rápido o demasiado lento o que tiene un patrón irregular. Cuando el corazón late más rápido de lo normal se denomina taquicardia. Cuando late demasiado lento se llama bradicardia. El tipo más común de arritmia es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atrialfibrillation.html">fibrilación auricular</a>, que causa un latido irregular y rápido del corazón</p> <p>Existen muchos factores que pueden afectar el ritmo cardíaco, como haber tenido un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque al corazón</a>, fumar, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">defectos cardíacos congénitos</a> y estrés. Algunas sustancias o medicinas también pueden causar arritmias. </p> <p>Los síntomas de arritmia incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Latidos cardíacos rápidos o lentos </li> <li> Latidos perdidos</li> <li> Mareos o vértigo</li> <li> Dolor en el pecho</li> <li> Falta de aire</li> <li> Sudoración </li> </ul> <p>El médico puede realizar pruebas que detecten si padece de arritmia. El tratamiento para restablecer un ritmo cardíaco normal puede incluir medicamentos, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">desfibrilador cardioversor implantable</a> o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">desfibrilador cardioversor implantable</a> y, a veces, cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Arrhythmia Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Fibrilación auricular Marcapasos y desfibrilador implantable Latidos del corazón Palpitaciones del corazón QT largo, Síndrome de Ritmo del corazón Síndrome de QT largo Síndrome del seno enfermo Taquicardia Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>Arsenic is a natural element found in soil and minerals. Arsenic compounds are used to preserve wood, as pesticides, and in some industries. Arsenic can get into air, water, and the ground from wind-blown dust. It may also get into water from runoff. </p> <p>You may be exposed to arsenic by:</p><ul> <li>Taking in small amounts in food, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drinkingwater.html">drinking water</a>, or air </li> <li>Breathing sawdust or burning smoke from arsenic-treated wood </li> <li>Living in an area with high levels of arsenic in rock</li> <li>Working in a job where arsenic is made or used</li> </ul> <p>Exposure to arsenic can cause many health problems. Being exposed to low levels for a long time can change the color of your skin. It can cause corns and small warts. Exposure to high levels of arsenic can cause death.</p> <p class="">Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Arsénico Arsenic Poisoning Arsenic Spanish Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Learn More World Health Organization Learn More National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Learn More American Cancer Society Learn More U.S. Geological Survey Learn More Food and Drug Administration Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Learn More Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry <p>El arsénico es un elemento natural que se encuentra en la tierra y entre los minerales. Los componentes del arsénico se usan para preservar la madera, como plaguicidas y en ciertas industrias. El arsénico forma parte del aire, el agua y la tierra a través del polvo que se lleva el viento. También puede penetrar en el agua debido a los desbordamientos. </p> <p>Usted puede quedar expuesto al arsénico por:</p> <ul> <li> Ingerirlo en pequeñas cantidades en los alimentos, el agua o el aire </li> <li> Inhalar aserrín o humo al quemarse las maderas tratadas con arsénico </li> <li>Vivir en un área con altos niveles de arsénico en la roca </li> <li> Tener un trabajo en el que se produzca o se use arsénico</li> </ul> <p>La exposición al arsénico puede causar muchos problemas de salud. La exposición por tiempo prolongado a niveles bajos puede cambiar el color de la piel. Puede causar callos y pequeñas verrugas. La exposición a niveles elevados de arsénico puede provocar la muerte.</p> <p class="">Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Arsenic Más información Spanish/Español Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH AVM <h3>What are arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)?</h3> <p>Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are defects in your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html">vascular system</a>. Your vascular system is your body's network of blood vessels. It includes your:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Arteries,</strong> which carry oxygen-rich blood from your heart to your tissues and organs.</li> <li><strong>Veins,</strong> which carry the blood and waste products back to your heart.</li> <li><strong>Capillaries,</strong> which are tiny blood vessels that connect your small arteries to your small veins.</li> </ul> <p>An AVM is an abnormal tangle of arteries and veins. They are connected to each other, with no capillaries between them. Without the capillaries, the blood flow from the arteries goes directly into the veins at a faster rate than normal. Because of this, the nearby tissue does not get all the oxygen it would normally get. This lack of oxygen can lead to tissue damage and the death of nerve cells and other cells. The fast rate of blood flow can also increase the blood pressure inside the arteries and veins. This can weaken the arteries and veins. A weakened artery or blood vessel could burst or leak blood.</p> <h3>What causes arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)?</h3> <p>AVMs are rare. The cause of AVMs is unknown. Most of the time, people are born with them. But sometimes they can appear shortly after birth or later in life.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)?</h3> <p>The symptoms of AVM will depend on where the AVM is located. They can happen anywhere in the body, but they are more common in the brain or spinal cord. Most people with brain or spinal cord AVMs have few, if any, major symptoms. But if a weakened blood vessel bursts, it can spill blood into the brain (called a hemorrhage). Severe hemorrhages can cause a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html">stroke</a> and brain damage.</p> <p>If an AVM is causing symptoms, they can include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">Seizures</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> <li>Pain in the area where the AVM is located</li> <li>Vision problems</li> <li>Muscle weakness</li> <li>Problems with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html">movement</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">speech</a></li> <li>Confusion</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a></li> <li>Loss of consciousness</li> </ul> <h3>How are arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have an AVM, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your symptoms and medical history.</li> <li>Will do a physical exam. This may include listening for a bruit. A bruit is whooshing sound caused by the rapid blood flow through the arteries and veins of an AVM.</li> <li>May order <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a>, or cerebral angiography. For a cerebral angiography, you are injected with a special dye that helps the blood vessels in your brain show up on <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-rays</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)?</h3> <p>Treatments for AVMs will depend on factors such as:</p> <ul> <li>Where the AVM is located</li> <li>Its size</li> <li>Your symptoms</li> <li>Your overall health</li> <li>Your risk of bleeding</li> </ul> <p>The treatment options may include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Monitoring</strong> for any signs that may mean you have an increased risk of hemorrhage.</li> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> to help with the symptoms from AVMs.</li> <li><strong>Surgery,</strong> which may be done if you have a higher-than-usual risk of bleeding. There are a few different types of surgery for AVMs. In some cases, you may have more than one type. Surgery can be risky, especially when it's done on the brain or spinal cord. So you and your provider will need to discuss the risks and benefits of doing the surgery before you make a decision. </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Brain and Nerves Malformaciones arteriovenosas Arteriovenous Malformations Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Hemorrhagic Stroke AVM Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Society of Interventional Radiology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Start Here American Stroke Association Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Arteritis craneal Arteritis de la temporal <p>La arteritis de células gigantes es un trastorno que causa la inflamación de las arterias del cuero cabelludo, del cuello y los brazos. Ésta estrecha las arterias, lo que impide que la sangre fluya bien. La arteritis de células gigantes ocurre a menudo con otro trastorno llamado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polymyalgiarheumatica.html">polimialgia reumática</a>. Ambos son más comunes en mujeres que en hombres y afectan casi siempre a personas mayores de 50 años.</p> <p>Los primeros síntomas de la arteritis de células gigantes se parecen a los de la gripe: fatiga, pérdida de apetito y fiebre. Otros síntomas incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Dolores de cabeza</li> <li>Dolor y sensibilidad en las sienes</li> <li>Visión doble o pérdida de visión, mareos </li> <li>Problemas con la coordinación y el equilibrio</li> <li>Dolor en la mandíbula y en la lengua</li> </ul> <p>El médico hará el diagnóstico basado en su historia clínica, los síntomas y el examen físico. No existe una prueba específica para diagnosticar la arteritis de células gigantes, pero es posible que le hagan exámenes que midan la inflamación. </p> <p>El tratamiento se realiza con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticosteroides</a>. El tratamiento temprano es importante, de lo contrario se corre el riesgo de pérdida de visión permanente o de un ataque cerebral. Sin embargo, cuando se trata adecuadamente, la arteritis de células gigantes rara vez vuelve a aparecer. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Sistema inmunitario Giant Cell Arteritis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Polimialgia reumática Vasculitis Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>If you feel pain and stiffness in your body or have trouble moving around, you might have arthritis. Most kinds of arthritis cause pain and swelling in your joints. Joints are places where two bones meet, such as your elbow or knee. Over time, a swollen joint can become severely damaged. Some kinds of arthritis can also cause problems in your organs, such as your eyes or skin.</p> <p>Types of arthritis include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoarthritis</a> is the most common type of arthritis. It's often related to aging or to an injury.</li> <li>Autoimmune arthritis happens when your body's immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html">Rheumatoid arthritis</a> is the most common form of this kind of arthritis.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/juvenilearthritis.html">Juvenile arthritis</a> is a type of arthritis that happens in children.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousarthritis.html">Infectious arthritis</a> is an infection that has spread from another part of the body to the joint.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriaticarthritis.html">Psoriatic arthritis</a> affects people with psoriasis.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gout.html">Gout</a> is a painful type of arthritis that happens when too much uric acid builds up in the body. It often starts in the big toe.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Artritis Arthritis Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Gout Infectious Arthritis Juvenile Arthritis Osteoarthritis Psoriatic Arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Arthritis Foundation PDF Find an Expert Arthritis Foundation Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Related Issues Office of Disability Employment Policy Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Genetics American College of Rheumatology Related Issues American College of Rheumatology Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American College of Rheumatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Spondylitis Association of America Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Related Issues American College of Rheumatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>People can lose all or part of an arm or leg for a number of reasons. Common ones include:</p><ul> <li>Circulation problems from atherosclerosis or diabetes. They may cause you to need an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html">amputation</a>.</li> <li>Traumatic injuries, including from traffic accidents and military combat</li> <li>Cancer</li> <li>Birth defects</li> </ul> <p>If you are missing an arm or leg, an artificial limb can sometimes replace it. The device, which is called a prosthesis, can help you to perform daily activities such as walking, eating, or dressing. Some artificial limbs let you function nearly as well as before. </p> Surgery and Rehabilitation Prótesis de las extremidades Artificial Limbs Spanish Assistive Devices Limb Loss Amputation Prosthetic Limbs Statistics and Research Society for Neuroscience Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Veterans Affairs Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Older Adults Amputee Coalition of America NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Statistics and Research Department of Veterans Affairs Start Here Amputee Coalition of America Statistics and Research Department of Veterans Affairs PDF Statistics and Research Department of Veterans Affairs PDF NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Journal Articles Related Issues National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering NIH Related Issues Amputee Coalition of America Related Issues Amputee Coalition of America <p>Si siente dolor y rigidez en su cuerpo o tiene problemas para moverse es posible que padezca de artritis. La mayoría de los tipos de artritis causan dolor e hinchazón en las articulaciones. Las articulaciones son los lugares donde se unen dos huesos, como el codo o la rodilla. Con el paso del tiempo, una articulación hinchada puede lesionarse gravemente. Algunos tipos de artritis también causan problemas en los órganos, como los ojos o la piel. </p> <p>Los tipos de artritis incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoartritis</a>: El tipo más común de artritis. Suele relacionarse con el envejecimiento o una lesión</li> <li>Artritis autoinmune: Ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario ataca por error los propios tejidos en su cuerpo. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html">artritis reumatoide</a> es la forma más común de este tipo </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/juvenilearthritis.html">Artritis juvenil</a>: Es el tipo que afecta a los niños</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousarthritis.html">Artritis infecciosa</a>: Infección que se ha diseminado desde una parte del cuerpo hacia las articulaciones </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriaticarthritis.html">Artritis psoriásica</a>: Afecta a personas con psoriasis</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gout.html">Gota</a>: Tipo de artritis dolorosa que ocurre cuando el ácido úrico se acumula en exceso en el cuerpo. A menudo se inicia en el dedo gordo del pie </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Arthritis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Artritis infecciosa Artritis juvenil Artritis psoriásica Artritis reumatoide Gota Osteoartritis Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Genética Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Artritis séptica <p>La mayoría de los tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">artritis</a> causan dolor e hinchazón en las articulaciones. Una articulación es donde se unen dos huesos, como el codo o la rodilla. La artritis infecciosa es una infección en la articulación. La infección proviene de una infección bacteriana, viral o por hongos que se disemina desde otra parte del cuerpo. Los síntomas de la artritis infecciosa incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor intenso en la articulación</li> <li>Enrojecimiento e hinchazón de la articulación</li> <li>Escalofríos y fiebre</li> <li>Imposibilidad de mover el área de la articulación infectada</li> </ul> <p>Un tipo de artritis infecciosa es la artritis reactiva. La reacción es a una infección en otra parte del cuerpo. Las articulaciones afectadas son generalmente la rodilla, el tobillo o el pie. A veces, la infección que causa la artritis reactiva ocurre en la vejiga, la uretra (el tubo que conduce la orina) o en mujeres la vagina. En hombres y mujeres puede comenzar por una bacteria transmitida sexualmente. Otra forma de artritis reactiva comienza al consumir alimentos contaminados o al manejar algo infectado con bacterias.</p> <p>Para diagnosticar la artritis infecciosa, su médico puede hacerle pruebas de sangre, orina y líquido de la articulación. El tratamiento incluye medicamentos y, a veces, cirugía.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Infecciones Infectious Arthritis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Artritis Artritis séptica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Artritis idiopática juvenil Artritis inflamatoria crónica en los niños Artritis reumatoide juvenil <p>La artritis juvenil es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">artritis</a> que afecta a los niños. Provoca inflamación de las articulaciones, dolor, rigidez y pérdida de movimiento. Puede afectar cualquier articulación, pero es más común en las rodillas, las manos y los pies. En algunos casos también puede afectar a los órganos internos.</p> <p>El tipo más común de artritis juvenil en niños es la artritis idiopática juvenil. Hay varias otras formas de artritis que afectan a los niños. </p> <p>Una señal temprana de artritis juvenil puede ser cojear por las mañanas. Los síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer. Algunos niños tienen sólo una o dos crisis. Otros tienen síntomas que no desaparecen. La artritis juvenil puede causar problemas de crecimiento e inflamación ocular en algunos niños.</p> <p>No se conoce exactamente qué causa la artritis juvenil. La mayoría de los tipos son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">trastornos autoinmunes</a>. Esto significa que su sistema inmunitario, que normalmente ayuda a su cuerpo a combatir infecciones, ataca los propios tejidos. </p> <p>La artritis juvenil puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. Su médico puede realizar un examen físico, pruebas de laboratorio y radiografías. Un equipo médico por lo general la trata. Medicamentos y la terapia física pueden ayudar a mantener la circulación y reducir la hinchazón y el dolor. También pueden ayudar a prevenir y tratar las complicaciones.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Niños y adolescentes Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Sistema inmunitario Juvenile Arthritis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Artritis Artritis reumatoide Artritis reumatoide juvenil Enfermedad de Still Juvenil, Artritis Still, Enfermedad de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación de la Artritis Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html">psoriasis</a> es una enfermedad de la piel que causa picazón o parches dolorosos de piel que se ha engrosado y enrojecido con escamas plateadas. Suele aparecer en los hombros, las rodillas, el cuero cabelludo, la espalda, la cara, las palmas de las manos y las plantas de los pies, pero también puede presentarse en otras partes del cuerpo. </p> <p>Algunas personas con esta afección desarrollan artritis psoriásica. Esto genera dolor, rigidez e hinchazón en las articulaciones. Generalmente es leve pero a veces puede ser grave y afectar varias articulaciones a la vez. Estos problemas y los de la piel quizás no sucedan al mismo tiempo. </p> <p>Su doctor hará un examen físico y de imágenes para diagnosticar la enfermedad. No existe una cura, pero los medicamentos pueden ayudar a controlar la inflamación y el dolor. En raras ocasiones, se puede necesitar cirugía para reparar o reemplazar las articulaciones dañadas. </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Psoriatic Arthritis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH AR Artritis reumatoidea Reuma <p>La artritis reumatoide es una forma de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">artritis</a> que causa dolor, inflamación, rigidez y pérdida de la función de las articulaciones. Puede afectar cualquier articulación, pero es común en las muñecas y los dedos.</p> <p>Más mujeres que hombres padecen artritis reumatoide. Suele comenzar en la edad mediana y es más común entre los adultos mayores. Usted puede padecer la enfermedad por un corto período o los síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer. La forma severa puede durar toda la vida.</p> <p>La artritis reumatoide es diferente a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html">osteoartritis</a>, la forma común de artritis a edad avanzada. La artritis reumatoide puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo además de las articulaciones, como los ojos, la boca y los pulmones. Ésta es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">enfermedad autoinmune</a>, lo que significa que la artritis es el resultado de un ataque de su sistema inmunitario a sus propios tejidos.</p> <p>No se conoce la causa de la artritis reumatoide. Los genes, el ambiente y las hormonas pueden tener un rol. Los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos, cambios en el estilo de vida y cirugía. Pueden disminuir o detener el daño en las articulaciones y reducir el dolor y la inflamación.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Sistema inmunitario Rheumatoid Arthritis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Artritis Artritis juvenil Espondilitis anquilosante Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Amianto <p>Asbesto es el nombre de un grupo de minerales con fibras largas y delgadas. Antes, se lo utilizaba mucho en los aislamientos térmicos. También está presenté en el medio ambiente. Las fibras de asbesto son tan pequeñas que no es posible verlas. Si las fibras se sacuden, flotan en el aire. Así, son más fáciles de inhalar y pueden quedar atrapadas en los pulmones. </p> <p>Si una persona inhala altos niveles de asbestos, con el tiempo pueden acumularse en los pulmones y causar cicatrices e inflamación. Esto afecta la respiración. </p> <p> Tarde o temprano puede causar enfermedades como:</p><ul> <li> Asbestosis, o excoriaciones en los pulmones, que a su vez dificultan la respiración </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mesothelioma.html">Mesotelioma</a>, un cáncer raro que afecta las membranas que recubren los pulmones o el abdomen </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungcancer.html">Cáncer de pulmón</a></li> </ul> <p>Las enfermedades de los pulmones relacionadas con el asbesto suelen desarrollarse durante muchos años. En general, las personas que se enferman a causa del asbesto es porque han estado expuestas al asbesto en sus trabajos por mucho tiempo. Fumar cigarrillos aumenta el riesgo. </p> <p class="">Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades</p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Asbestos Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Mesotelioma Spanish/Español Niños/as Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental <p>Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals with long, thin fibers. It was once used widely as insulation. It also occurs in the environment. Asbestos fibers are so small you can't see them. If you disturb asbestos, the fibers can float in the air. This makes them easy to inhale, and some may become lodged in the lungs.</p> <p>If you breathe in high levels of asbestos over a long period of time, the fibers can build up in the lungs. This causes scarring and inflammation, and can affect breathing. Eventually it can lead to diseases such as:</p><ul> <li>Asbestosis, or scarring of the lungs that makes it hard to breathe</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mesothelioma.html">Mesothelioma</a>, a rare cancer that affects the lining of the lungs or abdomen</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html">Lung cancer</a></li> </ul> <p>Lung diseases associated with asbestos usually develop over many years. People who become ill from asbestos are usually exposed on the job over long periods of time. Smoking cigarettes increases the risk.</p> <p class="">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry </p> Lungs and Breathing Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Asbesto Asbestos Asbestosis Spanish National Cancer Institute Mesothelioma Asbestosis Start Here Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Start Here American Lung Association Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues American Lung Association Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Find an Expert Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Journal Articles Start Here Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Consulta sobre genética <p>El asesoramiento genético ofrece información y apoyo a las personas que tienen o pueden tener riesgos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">trastornos genéticos</a>. Un genetista se reunirá con usted para hablar de los riesgos genéticos. La consulta puede ser sobre usted o un familiar, o puede acceder a esta información cuando piense o planee tener un bebé. Puede obtener más información con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">pruebas genéticas</a>.</p> <p>Existen muchas razones para buscar asesoramiento genético. Puede pensar en hacerlo si:</p><ul> <li> Tiene historial familiar de una afección genética o defecto congénito </li> <li> Está embarazada o planea estarlo después de los 35 años </li> <li> Ya tiene un hijo con un trastorno o defecto congénito </li> <li> Tuvo dos o más pérdidas de embarazos o un bebé que falleció </li> <li> Se realizó un ultrasonido o pruebas que sugieren la posibilidad de un problema </li> </ul> Embarazo y reproducción Genética y defectos congénitos Genetic Counseling Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano Defectos congénitos Enfermedades genéticas Historia familiar Pruebas genéticas Pruebas prenatales Genética, Asesoramiento Historia médica familiar Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría <p>Every racial or ethnic group has specific health concerns. Differences in the health of groups can result from:</p><ul> <li>Genetics</li> <li>Environmental factors</li> <li>Access to care</li> <li>Cultural factors</li> </ul> <p> On this page, you'll find links to health issues that affect Asian Americans.</p> Population Groups Salud de los asiáticoamericanos Asian Spanish National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Health Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert Asian & Pacific Islander American Health Forum Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Specifics Glaucoma Research Foundation Statistics and Research Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation PDF Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Children Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Find an Expert National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities NIH Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Asistencia financiera <p>El cuidado de la salud puede ser costoso. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthinsurance.html">seguros médicos</a> suelen cubrir por lo menos parte de los gastos médicos. Si no tiene un seguro médico o necesita ayuda con los gastos que no están cubiertos, podría contar con ayuda económica. Algunos programas del gobierno y organizaciones sin fines de lucro pueden ayudar. También puede hablar acerca de sus dudas sobre el pago de las facturas médicas con el profesional de la salud, un trabajador social o la oficina administrativa del hospital o la clínica.</p> Asuntos sociales y familiares Sistemas de salud Financial Assistance Más información Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Seguro Social PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Seguro Social PDF Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Seguro Social <h3>¿Qué es el asma?</h3> <p>El asma es una enfermedad pulmonar crónica (de largo plazo). Afecta las vías respiratorias, los conductos que llevan el aire hacia y desde los pulmones. Cuando tiene asma, sus vías respiratorias pueden inflamarse y estrecharse. Esto puede causar sibilancias, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">tos</a> y opresión en el pecho. Cuando estos síntomas son peores que lo habitual, se conoce como ataque de asma o crisis asmática.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el asma?</h3> <p>No se conoce la causa exacta del asma. Es probable que la genética y el ambiente influyan en quién padece asma.</p> <p>Un ataque de asma puede ocurrir cuando está expuesto a un desencadenante del asma. Un desencadenante es algo que puede propiciar o empeorar los síntomas del asma. Diferentes desencadenantes pueden causar diversos tipos de asma:</p> <ul> <li>El asma alérgica es causada por alérgenos. Los alérgenos son sustancias que provocan una reacción alérgica. Pueden incluir:</li> <ul> <li>Ácaros del polvo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html">Moho</a></li> <li>Mascotas</li> <li>Polen de pasto, árboles y malezas</li> <li>Desechos de plagas como cucarachas y ratones</li> </ul> <li>El asma no alérgica es causada por desencadenantes que no son alérgenos, como:</li> <ul> <li>Respirar aire frío</li> <li>Ciertos medicamentos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html">Productos químicos domésticos</a></li> <li>Infecciones como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfriados</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html">Contaminación exterior del aire</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">Humo de tabaco</a></li> </ul> <li>El asma ocupacional es causado por respirar químicos o polvos industriales en el trabajo</li> <li>El asma inducida por el ejercicio ocurre durante la actividad física, especialmente cuando el aire está seco</li> </ul> <p>Los desencadenantes del asma pueden ser diferentes para cada persona y pueden cambiar con el tiempo.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de padecer asma?</h3> <p>El asma afecta a personas de todas las edades, pero a menudo comienza en la niñez. Ciertos factores pueden aumentar su riesgo de tener asma:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Haberse expuesto al humo de segunda mano</strong> cuando su madre estuvo embarazada de usted o cuando usted era un niño pequeño</li> <li><strong>Estar expuesto a ciertas sustancias en el trabajo</strong>, como irritantes químicos o polvos industriales</li> <li><strong>Genética e historia familiar</strong>: Es más probable que tenga asma si uno de sus padres la tiene, especialmente su madre</li> <li><strong>Raza o etnia</strong>: Los afroamericanos y los portorriqueños tienen un mayor riesgo de asma que las personas de otras razas o etnias</li> <li><strong>Tener otras enfermedades o afecciones </strong> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">alergias </a></li> <li><strong>Haber tenido varias infecciones respiratorias virales</strong> cuando niño</li> <li><strong>Sexo</strong>: En niños, el asma es más común en los varones. En adolescentes y adultos, es más común en mujeres</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del asma?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del asma incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Opresión en el pecho</li> <li>Tos, especialmente por la noche o temprano en la mañana</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a></li> <li>Sibilancia, que provoca un silbido al exhalar</li> </ul> <p>Estos síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves. Pueden presentarse todos los días o solo de vez en cuando.</p> <p>Cuando tiene un ataque de asma, sus síntomas empeoran mucho. Los ataques pueden aparecer de forma gradual o repentina. En ocasiones, pueden poner en peligro la vida. Son más comunes en personas que tienen asma grave. Si tiene ataques de asma, es posible que necesite un cambio en su tratamiento.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el asma?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar el asma:</p> <ul> <li>Examen físico</li> <li>Historia clínica</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">Pruebas de función pulmonar</a>, incluyendo espirometría para evaluar qué tan bien funcionan sus pulmones</li> <li>Pruebas para medir cómo reaccionan sus vías respiratorias a exposiciones específicas. Durante esta prueba, se inhalan diferentes concentraciones de alérgenos o medicamentos que pueden tensar los músculos de las vías respiratorias. La espirometría se realiza antes y después de la prueba</li> <li>Pruebas de flujo espiratorio máximo para medir qué tan rápido puede expulsar aire con el máximo esfuerzo</li> <li>Prueba de fracción exhalada de óxido nítrico para medir los niveles de óxido nítrico en su aliento al exhalar. Los niveles altos de óxido nítrico pueden significar que sus pulmones están inflamados</li> <li>Análisis de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias/">sangre </a> o de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias-en-la-piel/">piel</a> para alergias, si tiene antecedentes de alergias. Estas pruebas verifican qué alérgenos causan una reacción de su sistema inmunitario</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el asma?</h3> <p>Si tiene asma, su profesional de la salud y usted crearán un plan de tratamiento. El plan incluirá formas de controlar sus síntomas y prevenir ataques, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Estrategias para evitar desencadenantes</strong>: Por ejemplo, si el humo del tabaco es un desencadenante para usted, no debe fumar ni permitir que otras personas fumen en su casa o automóvil</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos de alivio rápido</strong>, también llamados medicamentos de rescate: Ayudan a prevenir los síntomas o aliviarlos durante un ataque de asma. Incluyen un inhalador para que lo lleve consigo todo el tiempo. También puede incluir otros tipos de medicamentos que actúan rápidamente para ayudar a abrir las vías respiratorias</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos de control</strong>: Estos se toman todos los días para ayudar a prevenir los síntomas. Actúan reduciendo la inflamación de las vías respiratorias y previniendo su estrechamiento</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene un ataque severo y los medicamentos de alivio rápido no funcionan, necesitará atención de emergencia.</p> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede ajustar su tratamiento hasta que se controlen los síntomas del asma.</p> <p>A veces, el asma es grave y no se puede controlar con otros tratamientos. Si es un adulto con asma no controlada, en algunos casos su proveedor puede sugerirle una termoplastia bronquial. Este es un procedimiento que usa calor para encoger el músculo liso de los pulmones. La contracción del músculo reduce la capacidad de las vías respiratorias para contraerse y permite respirar con más facilidad. El procedimiento tiene algunos riesgos, por lo que es importante conversarlos con su médico.</p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Sistema inmunitario Asthma Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Alergia Asma en niños Contaminación de interiores Problemas respiratorios Asma bronquial Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Mujeres Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Spanish/Español Síntomas Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia <h3>¿Qué es el asma?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">asma</a> es una enfermedad pulmonar crónica (de largo plazo). Afecta las vías respiratorias, los conductos que llevan el aire hacia y desde los pulmones. Cuando tiene asma, sus vías respiratorias pueden inflamarse y estrecharse. Esto puede causar sibilancias, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">tos</a> y opresión en el pecho. Cuando estos síntomas son peores que lo habitual, se conoce como ataque de asma o crisis asmática. </p> <h3>¿Cómo afecta el asma a los niños?</h3> <p>A menudo, el asma comienza en la niñez, en general antes de los 5 años. Muchos niños tienen asma. Es la enfermedad crónica más común de la niñez. Puede causar que falten a la escuela y deban ir al hospital. Sin embargo, los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar el asma. </p> <h3>¿Qué causa el asma en los niños?</h3> <p>No se conoce la causa exacta del asma. Es probable que la genética y el ambiente tengan algo que ver con el asma en los niños. </p> <p>Un ataque de asma puede ocurrir cuando su hijo está expuesto a un desencadenante del asma, como se conoce lo que puede causar o empeorar los síntomas del asma. Diferentes desencadenantes pueden causar distintos tipos de asma:</p><ul> <li>El asma alérgica es causada por alérgenos. Los alérgenos son sustancias que provocan una reacción alérgica. Pueden incluir:</li> <ul> <li>Ácaros del polvo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html">Moho</a></li> <li>Mascotas</li> <li>Polen de pasto, árboles y malezas</li> <li>Desechos de plagas como cucarachas y ratones</li> </ul> <li>El asma no alérgica es causada por desencadenantes que no son alérgenos, como:</li> <ul> <li>Respirar aire frío</li> <li>Ciertos medicamentos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html">Productos químicos domésticos</a></li> <li>Infecciones como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfriados </a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html">Contaminación del aire</a> exterior</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Humo de tabaco</a></li> </ul> <li>El asma inducida por el ejercicio ocurre durante el ejercicio físico, especialmente cuando el aire es seco</li> </ul> <p>Los desencadenantes del asma pueden ser diferentes para cada niño y pueden cambiar con el tiempo. </p><h3>¿Qué niños tienen riesgo de padecer asma?</h3> <p>Ciertos factores aumentan el riesgo de asma en los niños:</p><ul> <li>Estar expuesto al <strong>humo de segunda mano</strong> cuando la madre está embarazada del niño o cuando son pequeños</li> <li><strong>Genética e historia familiar</strong>: Los niños tienen más probabilidades de tener asma si uno de sus padres la tiene, en especial si es la madre</li> <li><strong>Raza o etnia</strong>: Los afroamericanos y los puertorriqueños tienen un mayor riesgo de padecer asma que las personas de otras razas o etnias</li> <li>Tener <strong>otras enfermedades o afecciones</strong> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html">obesidad</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">alergias</a></li> <li>Padecer <strong>infecciones respiratorias virales</strong> frecuentes cuando eran niños pequeños</li> <li><strong>Género</strong>: El asma es más común en los niños hombres. En adolescentes, es más común en las niñas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del asma en los niños?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del asma en los niños incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Opresión en el pecho</li> <li>Tos, especialmente por la noche o temprano en la mañana</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas respiratorios</a>, como falta de aire, respiración rápida o jadear para obtener aire</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Sensación de cansancio</a></li> <li>Círculos oscuros debajo de los ojos</li> <li>Irritabilidad</li> <li>Sibilancias, que producen un silbido cuando exhalan</li> <li>Dificultad para comer o succionar (en bebés)</li> </ul> <p>Estos síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves. Pueden ocurrir con frecuencia o solo de vez en cuando. </p> <p>Cuando los niños tienen un ataque de asma, sus síntomas empeoran mucho. Los ataques pueden aparecer de forma gradual o repentina. En ocasiones, pueden poner en peligro la vida. Los signos de advertencia de un ataque severo incluyen tos intensa, problemas respiratorios graves y palidez o un color azulado en la cara, labios y uñas. Si su hijo tiene esos síntomas, busque ayuda médica de inmediato. </p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el asma en los niños?</h3> <p>Puede ser difícil diagnosticar el asma en los niños, especialmente si son pequeños. El asma tiene síntomas similares a los de otras afecciones infantiles. Además, es posible que algunos niños no presenten síntomas de asma con mucha frecuencia, por lo que puede parecer que están teniendo infecciones respiratorias. </p> <p>El profesional de la salud de su hijo puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar el asma:</p><ul> <li>Examen físico</li> <li>Historia clínica</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">Radiografía</a> de pecho</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">Pruebas de función pulmonar</a> incluida la espirometría, para evaluar el funcionamiento de los pulmones. Los niños más pequeños generalmente no pueden realizar estas pruebas</li> <li>Análisis de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias/">sangre </a> o de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alergias-en-la-piel/">piel</a> para alergias, si tiene antecedentes de alergias. Estas pruebas verifican qué alérgenos causan una reacción del sistema inmunitario</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene un niño pequeño que no puede realizar pruebas de función pulmonar, el profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que pruebe medicamentos para el asma. Este tratamiento implica administrarle a su hijo medicinas durante varias semanas para ver si los síntomas mejoran. </p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el asma en niños?</h3> <p>Si su hijo tiene asma, su profesional de la salud trabajara en conjunto con usted para crear un plan de tratamiento. Este plan incluirá formas de controlar los síntomas y prevenir ataques de asma, como:</p><ul> <li><strong>Estrategias para evitar desencadenantes</strong>: Por ejemplo, si el humo del tabaco es un desencadenante para su hijo, no debe permitir que nadie fume en su casa o automóvil</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos de alivio rápido</strong>, también llamados medicamentos de rescate: Ayudan a prevenir los síntomas o aliviarlos durante un ataque de asma. Incluyen un inhalador para que su hijo tenga en todo momento. También puede incluir otros tipos de medicamentos que actúan rápidamente para ayudar a abrir las vías respiratorias de su hijo</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos de control</strong>: estos se toman todos los días para ayudar a prevenir los síntomas. Actúan reduciendo la inflamación de las vías respiratorias y previniendo el estrechamiento de las vías respiratorias. No todos los niños toman medicamentos de control. El hecho de que su hijo los necesite o no depende de la gravedad de su asma y de la frecuencia de sus síntomas</li> </ul> <p>Si su hijo tiene un ataque severo y los medicamentos de alivio a corto plazo no funcionan, busque ayuda médica de inmediato. </p> <p>El profesional de la salud de su hijo puede ajustar el tratamiento hasta que se controlen los síntomas del asma. </p> Niños y adolescentes Pulmón y vías respiratorias Sistema inmunitario Asthma in Children Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Alergia Asma Contaminación de interiores Contaminación del aire Problemas respiratorios Chicos, Asma en Niños, Asma en Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours <p>Aspergillosis is a disease caused by a fungus (or mold) called Aspergillus. The fungus is very common in both indoors and outdoors. Most people breathe in the spores of the fungus every day without being affected. But some people get the disease. It usually occurs in people with lung diseases or weakened immune systems.</p> <p>There are different kinds of aspergillosis. One kind is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (also called ABPA). Symptoms of ABPA include wheezing and coughing. ABPA can affect healthy people but it is most common in people with asthma or cystic fibrosis.</p> <p>Another kind is invasive aspergillosis, which damages tissues in the body. It usually affects the lungs. Sometimes it can also cause infection in other organs and spread throughout the body. It affects people who have immune system problems, such as people who have had a transplant, are taking high doses of steroids, or getting chemotherapy for some cancers.</p> <p>Your doctor might do a variety of tests to make the diagnosis, including a chest x-ray, CT scan of the lungs, and an examination of tissues for signs of the fungus. Treatment is with antifungal drugs. If you have ABPA, you may also take steroids.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Aspergilosis Aspergillosis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Fungal Infections Molds ABPA Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Specifics American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Start Here American Thoracic Society PDF Children American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Video Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>La aspergilosis es una enfermedad causada por un hongo (o moho) llamado aspergillus. Este hongo es bastante común tanto en ambientes exteriores como interiores. La mayoría de la gente respira las esporas del hongo todos los días sin ser afectada. Pero algunas personas contraen la enfermedad. En general ocurre en personas con enfermedades pulmonares o sistemas inmunitarios debilitados.</p> <p>Hay diferentes tipos de aspergilosis. Uno de ellos es la aspergilosis alérgica broncopulmonar (ABPA, por sus siglas en inglés). Los síntomas de esta incluyen sibilancias y tos. La aspergilosis alérgica broncopulmonar puede afectar a personas sanas, pero es más común en personas con asma o fibrosis quística.</p> <p>Otro tipo es la aspergilosis invasiva, que daña los tejidos del cuerpo. Por lo general, afecta a los pulmones. A veces puede causar infección en otros órganos y extenderse por todo el cuerpo. Afecta a quienes tienen problemas con el sistema inmunitario, como las personas que han tenido un trasplante, toman altas dosis de esteroides o están recibiendo quimioterapia para algunos tipos de cáncer.</p> <p>Su médico puede hacer una variedad de pruebas para el diagnóstico, incluyendo una radiografía de tórax, tomografía computarizada de los pulmones o examinar los tejidos para detectar signos del hongo. El tratamiento es con medicamentos antimicóticos. Si tiene esta afección, también puede tomar esteroides. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Aspergillosis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones por hongos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense PDF Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Residential care <p>Assisted living is housing and services for people who need some help with daily care. They may need help with things like dressing, bathing, taking their medicines, and cleaning. But they do not need the medical care that a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nursinghomes.html">nursing home</a> provides. Assisted living allows the residents to live more independently.</p> <p>Assisted living facilities sometimes have other names, such as adult care facilities or residential care facilities. They vary in size, with as few as 25 residents up to 120 residents or more. The residents usually live in their own apartments or rooms and share common areas.</p> <p>The facilities usually offer a few different levels of care. Residents pay more for the higher levels of care. The types of services they offer may be different from state to state. The services may include:</p><ul> <li>Up to three meals a day</li> <li>Assistance with personal care, such as bathing, dressing, eating, getting in and out of bed or chairs, moving around, and using the bathroom</li> <li>Help with medicines</li> <li>Housekeeping</li> <li>Laundry</li> <li>24-hour supervision, security, and on-site staff</li> <li>Social and recreational activities</li> <li>Transportation</li> </ul> <p>The residents are usually older adults, including those with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's</a> or other types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html">dementia</a>. But in some cases, residents may be younger and have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental illnesses</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html">developmental disabilities</a>, or certain medical conditions.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Older Adults Health System Residencias con atención personalizada Assisted Living Facilities Spanish Home Care Services Nursing Homes Long-Term Care Residential Care Find an Expert USAging Start Here AGS Health in Aging Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care Related Issues Administration for Community Living PDF Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Journal Articles ART IVF In Vitro Fertilization <p>Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is used to treat <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html">infertility</a>. It includes fertility treatments that handle both eggs and sperm. It works by removing eggs from the ovaries. The eggs are then mixed with sperm to make embryos. The embryos are then put back in the parent's body. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most common and effective type of ART.</p> <p>ART procedures sometimes use donor eggs, donor sperm, or previously frozen embryos. It may also involve a surrogate or gestational carrier. A surrogate is a person who becomes pregnant with sperm from one partner of the couple. A gestational carrier becomes pregnant with an egg from one partner and sperm from the other partner.</p> <p>The most common complication of ART is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html">multiple pregnancy</a>. It can be prevented or minimized by limiting the number of embryos that are put into the parent's body. </p> Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Tecnología de reproducción asistida Reproductive Techniques, Assisted In Vitro Techniques Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Egg Donation Gestational Carrier IVF In Vitro Fertilization Sperm Donation Surrogate Learn More American Society for Reproductive Medicine Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More American Society for Reproductive Medicine PDF Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Video Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Journal Articles Learn More American Society for Reproductive Medicine Assistive technology <h3>What are assistive devices?</h3> <p>Assistive devices are tools, products, or equipment that can help you perform tasks and activities. They may help you <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html">move around</a>, see, communicate, eat, or get dressed.</p> <h3>Who might benefit from assistive devices?</h3> <p>You may use various assistive devices if you:</p> <ul> <li>Have a disability or injury</li> <li>Have certain health conditions such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html">dementia</a>, or if you've had a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a></li> <li>Are an older adult</li> </ul> <p>You might use an assistive device for a short time or long term. Others might use them throughout their lifespan.</p> <h3>How can assistive devices help?</h3> <p>Some assistive devices are high-tech tools, such as computers. Others are much simpler, like a "reacher," a tool that helps you grab an object you can't reach.</p> <p>There are a variety of assistive devices or tools available that may be used to help you to:</p> <ul> <li>Communicate, see, or hear better</li> <li>Perform daily activities </li> <li>Move by using a wheelchair, walker, or another mobility device</li> <li>Cook or eat</li> <li>Dress or groom yourself</li> <li>Improve your memory or attention</li> <li>Be more active</li> <li>Participate in educational activities</li> </ul> <p>Assistive devices may also be used to make changes to your physical environment so it is easier to move or care for yourself. This can include adding ramps or grab bars.</p> Older Adults Surgery and Rehabilitation Tecnología asistencial Self-Help Devices Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Artificial Limbs Cochlear Implants Disabilities Eye Wear Hearing Aids Medical Device Safety Mobility Aids Rehabilitation Learn More National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Learn More Nemours Foundation Easy-to-Read Learn More Administration for Community Living Patient Handouts Food and Drug Administration Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Journal Articles Learn More National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering NIH Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Learn More Federal Communications Commission Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Transportation Security Administration Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <h3>What is asthma?</h3> <p>Asthma is a chronic (long-term) lung disease. It affects your airways, the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. When you have asthma, your airways can become inflamed and narrowed. This can cause wheezing, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">coughing</a>, and tightness in your chest. When these symptoms get worse than usual, it is called an asthma attack or flare-up.</p> <h3>What causes asthma?</h3> <p>The exact cause of asthma is unknown. Genetics and your environment likely play a role in who gets asthma.</p> <p>An asthma attack can happen when you are exposed to an asthma trigger. An asthma trigger is something that can set off or worsen your asthma symptoms. Different triggers can cause different types of asthma:</p><ul> <li>Allergic asthma is caused by allergens. Allergens are substances that cause an allergic reaction. They can include <ul> <li>Dust mites</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html">Mold</a></li> <li>Pets</li> <li>Pollen from grass, trees, and weeds</li> <li>Waste from pests such as cockroaches and mice</li> </ul> </li> <li>Nonallergic asthma is caused by triggers that are not allergens, such as <ul> <li>Breathing in cold air</li> <li>Certain medicines</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html">Household chemicals</a></li> <li>Infections such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">colds</a> and the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html">Outdoor air pollution</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">Tobacco smoke</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Occupational asthma is caused by breathing in chemicals or industrial dusts at work</li> <li>Exercise-induced asthma happens during physical exercise, especially when the air is dry</li> </ul> <p>Asthma triggers may be different for each person and can change over time.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for asthma?</h3> <p>Asthma affects people of all ages, but it often starts during childhood. Certain factors can raise your risk of having asthma:</p><ul> <li><strong>Being exposed to secondhand smoke</strong> when your mother is pregnant with you or when you are a small child</li> <li><strong>Being exposed to certain substances at work</strong>, such as chemical irritants or industrial dusts</li> <li><strong>Genetics and family history.</strong> You are more likely to have asthma if one of your parents has it, especially if it's your mother.</li> <li><strong>Race or ethnicity.</strong> Black and African Americans and Puerto Ricans are at higher risk of asthma than people of other races or ethnicities.</li> <li><strong>Having other diseases or conditions</strong> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">allergies</a></li> <li><strong>Often having viral respiratory infections</strong> as a young child</li> <li><strong>Sex.</strong> In children, asthma is more common in boys. In teens and adults, it is more common in women.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of asthma?</h3> <p>The symptoms of asthma include:</p><ul> <li>Chest tightness</li> <li>Coughing, especially at night or early morning</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a></li> <li>Wheezing, which causes a whistling sound when you breathe out</li> </ul> <p>These symptoms can range from mild to severe. You may have them every day or only once in a while.</p> <p>When you are having an asthma attack, your symptoms get much worse. The attacks may come on gradually or suddenly. Sometimes they can be life-threatening. They are more common in people who have severe asthma. If you are having asthma attacks, you may need a change in your treatment.</p> <h3>How is asthma diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose asthma:</p><ul> <li>Physical exam</li> <li>Medical history</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">Lung function tests</a>, including spirometry, to test how well your lungs work</li> <li>Tests to measure how your airways react to specific exposures. During this test, you inhale different concentrations of allergens or medicines that may tighten the muscles in your airways. Spirometry is done before and after the test.</li> <li>Peak expiratory flow (PEF) tests to measure how fast you can blow air out using maximum effort</li> <li>Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) tests to measure levels of nitric oxide in your breath when you breathe out. High levels of nitric oxide may mean that your lungs are inflamed.</li> <li>Allergy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-skin-test/">skin</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-blood-test/">blood</a> tests, if you have a history of allergies. These tests check which allergens cause a reaction from your immune system.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for asthma?</h3> <p>If you have asthma, you will work with your health care provider to create a treatment plan. The plan will include ways to manage your asthma symptoms and prevent asthma attacks. It will include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Strategies to avoid triggers.</strong> For example, if tobacco smoke is a trigger for you, you should not smoke or allow other people to smoke in your home or car.</li> <li><strong>Short-term relief medicines,</strong> also called quick-relief medicines. They help prevent symptoms or relieve symptoms during an asthma attack. They include an inhaler to carry with you all the time. It may also include other types of medicines which work quickly to help open your airways.</li> <li><strong>Control medicines.</strong> You take them every day to help prevent symptoms. They work by reducing airway inflammation and preventing narrowing of the airways.</li> </ul> <p>If you have a severe attack and the short-term relief medicines do not work, you will need emergency care.</p> <p>Your provider may adjust your treatment until asthma symptoms are controlled.</p> <p>Sometimes asthma is severe and cannot be controlled with other treatments. If you are an adult with uncontrolled asthma, in some cases your provider might suggest bronchial thermoplasty. This is a procedure that uses heat to shrink the smooth muscle in the lungs. Shrinking the muscle reduces your airway's ability to tighten and allows you to breathe more easily. The procedure has some risks, so it's important to discuss them with your provider.</p> Lungs and Breathing Immune System Asma Asthma Arabic Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French German Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Urdu Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Air Pollution Allergy Asthma in Children Breathing Problems Indoor Air Pollution Bronchial Asthma Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Find an Expert American Lung Association Start Here National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Test Your Knowledge American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Women American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Test Your Knowledge American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Specifics American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Jewish Health Specifics National Jewish Health Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Related Issues American Lung Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Treatments and Therapies National Jewish Health Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Living With American Lung Association Video Older Adults American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Jewish Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies National Jewish Health Prevention and Risk Factors National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Videos and Tutorials Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Thoracic Society PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Lung Association Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Lung Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Childhood asthma Pediatric asthma <h3>What is asthma? </h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">Asthma</a> is a chronic (long-term) lung disease. It affects your airways, the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. When you have asthma, your airways can become inflamed and narrowed. This can cause wheezing, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">coughing</a>, and tightness in your chest. When these symptoms get worse than usual, it is called an asthma attack or flare-up.</p> <h3>How does asthma affect children? </h3> <p>Asthma often starts during childhood, usually before age 5. Many children have asthma - it is the most common chronic disease of childhood. It can cause children to miss school and end up in the hospital. But treatments can help manage asthma.</p> <h3>What causes asthma in children?</h3> <p>The exact cause of asthma is unknown. Genetics and environment likely play a role in which children get asthma.</p> <p>An asthma attack can happen when your child is exposed to an asthma trigger. An asthma trigger is something that can set off or worsen asthma symptoms. Different triggers can cause different types of asthma:</p><ul> <li>Allergic asthma is caused by allergens. Allergens are substances that cause an allergic reaction. They can include <ul> <li>Dust mites</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html">Mold</a></li> <li>Pets</li> <li>Pollen from grass, trees, and weeds</li> <li>Waste from pests such as cockroaches and mice</li> </ul> </li> <li>Nonallergic asthma is caused by triggers that are not allergens, such as <ul> <li>Breathing in cold air</li> <li>Certain medicines</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html">Household chemicals</a></li> <li>Infections such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">colds</a> and the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html">Outdoor air pollution</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">Tobacco smoke</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Exercise-induced asthma happens during physical exercise, especially when the air is dry</li> </ul> <p>Asthma triggers may be different for each child and can change over time.</p> <h3>Which children are at risk for asthma?</h3> <p>Certain factors raise the risk of asthma in children:</p><ul> <li><strong>Being exposed to secondhand smoke</strong> when their mother is pregnant with them or when they are small children</li> <li><strong>Genetics and family history.</strong> Children are more likely to have asthma if one of their parents has it, especially if it's the mother. </li> <li><strong>Race or ethnicity.</strong> Black and African Americans and Puerto Ricans are at higher risk of asthma than people of other races or ethnicities.</li> <li><strong>Having other diseases or conditions</strong> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">allergies</a></li> <li><strong>Often having viral respiratory infections</strong> as young children</li> <li><strong>Sex.</strong> In children, asthma is more common in boys. In teens, it is more common in girls.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of asthma in children?</h3> <p>The symptoms of asthma in children include:</p><ul> <li>Chest tightness</li> <li>Coughing, especially at night or early morning</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Breathing problems</a>, such as shortness of breath, rapid breathing, or gasping for air</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Feeling tired</a></li> <li>Dark circles under the eyes</li> <li>Being irritable</li> <li>Wheezing, which causes a whistling sound when they breathe out</li> <li>Trouble eating or sucking (in infants)</li> </ul> <p>These symptoms can range from mild to severe. They may happen often or only once in a while.</p> <p>When children have an asthma attack, their symptoms get much worse. The attacks may come on gradually or suddenly. Sometimes they can be life-threatening. Warning signs of a severe attack include severe coughing, serious breathing problems, and turning very pale or blue in the face, lips and/or fingernails. If your child has those symptoms, get medical help right away.</p> <h3>How is asthma in children diagnosed?</h3> <p>It can be hard to diagnose asthma in children, especially if they are young. Asthma has similar symptoms as other childhood conditions. And some children may not have asthma symptoms very often, so it may seem like they are having respiratory infections instead.</p> <p>Your child's health care provider may use many tools to diagnose asthma:</p><ul> <li>Physical exam</li> <li>Medical history</li> <li>Chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">Lung function tests</a>, including spirometry, to test how well the lungs work. Younger children are usually not able to do these tests.</li> <li>Allergy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-skin-test/">skin</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/allergy-blood-test/">blood</a> tests, if you have a history of allergies. These tests check which allergens cause a reaction from your immune system.</li> </ul> <p>If you have a young child who cannot do lung function tests, the provider may suggest doing a trial of asthma medicines. The trial involves giving your child the medicines for several weeks to see whether the symptoms get better.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for asthma in children?</h3> <p>If your child has asthma, you will work with their health care provider to create a treatment plan. The plan will include ways to manage your child's asthma symptoms and prevent asthma attacks, such as:</p><ul> <li><strong>Strategies to avoid triggers.</strong> For example, if tobacco smoke is a trigger for your child, you should not allow anyone to smoke in your home or car.</li> <li><strong>Short-term relief medicines,</strong> also called quick-relief medicines. They help prevent symptoms or relieve symptoms during an asthma attack. They include an inhaler to have for your child at all times. It may also include other types of medicines which work quickly to help open your child's airways.</li> <li><strong>Control medicines.</strong> They work by reducing airway inflammation and preventing narrowing of the airways. Not all children will take control medicines. Whether or not your child needs them depends on how severe the asthma is and how often your child has symptoms.</li> </ul> <p>If your child has a severe attack and the short-term relief medicines do not work, get medical help right away.</p> <p>Your child's provider may adjust the treatment until the asthma symptoms are controlled.</p> Children and Teenagers Lungs and Breathing Immune System Asma en niños Asthma Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Japanese Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Air Pollution Allergy Asthma Breathing Problems Indoor Air Pollution Childhood Asthma Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Pediatrics Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Find an Expert American Lung Association Start Here National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Start Here National Jewish Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Pediatrics Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Pediatrics Test Your Knowledge American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Pediatrics Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Pediatrics Children Nemours Foundation Test Your Knowledge American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Start Here American Lung Association Children Nemours Foundation Living With Environmental Protection Agency PDF Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Find an Expert American Lung Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Pediatrics Images Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Images Medical Encyclopedia Images Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests American Thoracic Society PDF Living With Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Videos and Tutorials Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Images Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Video Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Nemours Foundation <p>Existen muchos tipos de familias. Algunas tienen padre y madre y otras tienen sólo uno de ellos. Algunas veces no hay padres y los abuelos crían a sus nietos. Algunos niños viven con familias sustitutas, adoptivas o políticas. </p> <p>Las familias son mucho más que grupos de personas que comparten los mismos genes o la misma dirección. Deben ser una fuente de apoyo y amor. Eso no significa que todos se lleven bien todo el tiempo. Los conflictos son parte de la vida familiar. Muchas cosas pueden conducir a conflictos, tales como enfermedades, discapacidades, adicciones, pérdida del empleo, dificultades en la escuela y problemas maritales. Escucharse y trabajar para resolver los conflictos es importante para fortalecer la familia.</p> Asuntos sociales y familiares Family Issues Crianza de los hijos Familia, Asuntos Familias entremezcladas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Agencia para los Niños PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Final de la vida Muerte y enfermo terminal Opciones para el final de la vida <p>La planificación para el final de la vida puede ser difícil. Pero el decidir cuando esté sano el mejor cuidado paliativo para sus posibles necesidades puede ayudar a las personas cercanas a usted a tomar las decisiones correctas cuando llegue el momento.</p> <p>En general, la planificación para el final de la vida incluye la toma de decisiones sobre:</p> <ul> <li>Los objetivos de la atención de salud (por ejemplo, si se deben utilizar ciertos medicamentos durante los últimos días de vida)</li> <li>Dónde quiere pasar sus últimos días</li> <li>Qué tratamientos de cuidados al final de la vida desea recibir</li> <li>Qué tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/palliativecare.html">cuidado paliativo</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hospicecare.html">hospicio</a> desea recibir</li> </ul> <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/advancedirectives.html">instrucciones anticipadas</a> pueden ayudar a clarificar sus deseos a su familia y a sus proveedores de salud.</p> Asuntos sociales y familiares Asuntos personales de salud End of Life Issues Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Enfermería Cuidados de hospicio Directivas médicas por adelantado Donación de órganos Pérdida de un ser querido Suicidio Estado terminal Final de la vida Muerte y enfermo terminal Voluntad en vida (con relación al cuidado médico) Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comercio Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comercio Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comercio Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comercio Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comercio Ataque cardíaco Infarto <p>Cada año, casi 800,000 estadounidenses sufren un ataque al corazón. Un ataque al corazón ocurre cuando el flujo de sangre al corazón se bloquea repentinamente. Sin la sangre que entra, el corazón no puede obtener oxígeno. Si no se trata rápidamente, el músculo cardíaco comienza a morir. Pero si recibe un tratamiento rápido, es posible que pueda prevenir o limitar el daño al músculo cardíaco. Es por eso que es importante conocer los síntomas y llamar al 911 si usted u otra persona los presenta. Debe llamar incluso si no está seguro de que sea un ataque al corazón.</p> <p>Los síntomas más comunes en hombres y mujeres son:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Molestias en el pecho:</strong> A menudo se presentan al centro o al lado izquierdo del pecho. Por lo general, dura más de unos pocos minutos. Puede irse y regresar. Puede sentirse como presión, estrechez, plenitud o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">dolor</a>. También puede sentirse como acidez o indigestión.</li> <li><strong>Falta de aire:</strong> Algunas veces es el único síntoma que se presenta. Puede sentirlo antes o durante las molestias en el pecho. Puede ocurrir cuando está descansando o haciendo un poco de actividad física.</li> <li><strong>Molestia en la parte superior del cuerpo:</strong> Puede sentir dolor o molestias en uno o ambos brazos, la espalda, los hombros, el cuello, la mandíbula o la parte superior del estómago.</li> </ul> <p>También puede tener otros síntomas, como náuseas, vómitos, mareos y aturdimiento. Puede salir con un sudor frío. Algunas veces las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">mujeres</a> presentan diferentes síntomas que los hombres. Por ejemplo, es más probable que se sientan cansadas sin ninguna razón.</p> <p>La causa más común de los ataques cardíacos es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a>. En esta, hay una acumulación de colesterol y otro material, llamado placa, en las paredes internas o arterias. A esto se le llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">arterioesclerosis</a>. Puede acumularse durante años. Eventualmente, un área de la placa puede romperse, formándose un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulo de sangre</a> alrededor de la placa y bloquear la arteria.</p> <p>Una causa menos común de ataque cardíaco es un espasmo severo (endurecimiento) de una arteria coronaria. El espasmo corta el flujo sanguíneo a través de la arteria.</p> <p>En el hospital, los proveedores de atención médica hacen un diagnóstico basado en sus síntomas, análisis de sangre y diferentes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">pruebas de salud cardíaca</a>. Los tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos y procedimientos médicos como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html">angioplastía coronaria</a>. Después de un ataque cardíaco, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html">rehabilitación cardíaca</a> y los cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudarle a recuperarse. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Heart Attack Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Angina de pecho Bypass de la arteria coronaria Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias Enfermedades del corazón Rehabilitación cardíaca Corazón, Ataque al Infarto del miocardio Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Mini derrame <p>Un ataque isquémico transitorio es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">derrame</a> que dura apenas unos minutos. Esto ocurre cuando el suministro de sangre a una parte del cerebro se detiene brevemente. Los síntomas de este ataque se parecen a los síntomas de un accidente cerebrovascular o un derrame, pero su duración es menor. Ocurren repentinamente e incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Entumecimiento o debilidad, especialmente en un lado del cuerpo </li> <li> Confusión o dificultades para hablar o entender </li> <li> Dificultad para caminar</li> <li> Mareo</li> <li> Problemas para ver con uno o ambos ojos</li> <li> Pérdida del equilibrio o la coordinación de los movimientos </li> </ul> <p>La mayoría de los síntomas de un ataque isquémico transitorio desaparecen dentro de una hora, aunque pueden durar hasta 24 horas. Debido a que no es posible saber si los síntomas se deben a este ataque o un derrame, debe acudir a un hospital de inmediato. </p> <p> Los ataques isquémicos transitorios suelen ser una señal de advertencia de futuros <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html">derrames</a>. Tomar medicinas, como los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">anticoagulantes</a>, puede reducir su riesgo de un ataque cerebral. Su médico también podría recomendar una cirugía. También puede ayudar a reducir su riesgo teniendo un estilo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyliving.html">vida saludable</a>. Esto incluye no fumar, no beber demasiado, comer una dieta saludable y hacer ejercicio. También es importante controlar otros problemas de salud, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html">colesterol</a>. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Cerebro y nervios Transient Ischemic Attack Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Accidente cerebrovascular AIT (Ataque isquémico transitorio) Ataque cerebral leve Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Síntomas Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>La ataxia de Friedreich es una enfermedad hereditaria que daña el sistema nervioso. Afecta la médula espinal y los nervios que controlan los movimientos de los músculos de los brazos y las piernas. Los síntomas suelen comenzar entre los cinco y los 15 años. El principal síntoma es la ataxia, que significa dificultad para coordinar los movimientos. Los síntomas específicos incluyen:</p><ul> <li> Dificultad para caminar </li> <li> Debilidad muscular</li> <li> Problemas para hablar </li> <li> Movimientos involuntarios de los ojos </li> <li> Escoliosis (curvatura de la columna vertebral hacia un lado)</li> <li>Palpitaciones (este síntoma es el resultado de diversas formas de enfermedad del corazón que a menudo acompañan la ataxia de Friedreich) </li> </ul> <p>Después de 15 a 20 años de la aparición del primer síntoma, las personas con ataxia de Friedreich suelen necesitar una silla de ruedas. En los casos severos, las personas terminan discapacitadas. No existe una cura. Se pueden tratar los síntomas con medicinas, aparatos ortopédicos, cirugía y fisioterapia. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Friedreich Ataxia Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare, inherited disease. It affects the nervous system, immune system, and other body systems. Symptoms appear in young children, usually before age 5. They include:</p><ul> <li>Ataxia - trouble coordinating <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html">movements</a></li> <li>Poor balance </li> <li>Slurred speech</li> <li>Tiny, red spider veins, called telangiectasias, on the skin and eyes</li> <li>Lung infections</li> <li>Delayed physical and sexual development</li> </ul> <p>People with A-T have an increased risk of developing diabetes and cancers, especially lymphoma and leukemia. Although it affects the brain, people with A-T usually have normal or high intelligence.</p> <p>A-T has no cure. Treatments might improve some symptoms. They include injections to strengthen the immune system, physical and speech therapy, and high-dose vitamins. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Ataxia telangiectasia Ataxia Telangiectasia Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Learn More Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Ataxia-Telangiectasia Children's Project Learn More National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Síndrome de Louis-Bar <p>La ataxia telangiectasia (AT) es una enfermedad hereditaria poco frecuente. Afecta el sistema nervioso, el sistema inmunológico y otros sistemas del cuerpo. Los síntomas se presentan en niños pequeños, generalmente antes de los cinco años. Estos incluyen:</p><ul> <li> Ataxia: dificultad para coordinar los movimientos </li> <li> Problemas con el equilibrio</li> <li> Dificultad para pronunciar las palabras</li> <li> Venas rojas diminutas, como arañas, denominadas telangiectasias, en la piel y los ojos</li> <li> Infecciones pulmonares</li> <li> Atraso en el desarrollo físico y sexual </li> </ul> <p>Las personas con AT tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes y algunos cánceres, especialmente linfoma y leucemia. Aun cuando afecta el cerebro, los pacientes con esta enfermedad suelen tener una inteligencia normal o superior a la normal. </p> <p>La AT no tiene cura. Los tratamientos pueden mejorar algunos síntomas. Estos pueden ser inyecciones para fortalecer el sistema inmunológico, la terapia física y del habla y altas dosis de vitaminas. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Ataxia Telangiectasia Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Louis-Bar, Síndrome Más información Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Acumulación de placa en las arterias Arterioesclerosis Aterosclerosis Endurecimiento de las arterias <h3>¿Qué es la ateroesclerosis?</h3> <p>La ateroesclerosis (también conocida como aterosclerosis) es una afección en la que se acumula placa dentro de las arterias. La placa es una sustancia pegajosa hecha de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a>, grasa, células sanguíneas, calcio y otras sustancias que se encuentran en la sangre. Con el tiempo, la placa se endurece, estrechando las arterias. Esto limita el flujo de sangre rica en oxígeno al cuerpo.</p> <p>Algunas personas pueden confundir ateroesclerosis y arteriosclerosis, pero no son lo mismo:</p> <ul> <li>La <strong>arteriosclerosis</strong> es el endurecimiento de las arterias, lo que significa que las arterias se engrosan y se vuelven menos flexibles. Puede tener varias causas diferentes</li> <li>La <strong>aterosclerosis</strong>, que se desarrolla a partir de la acumulación de placa, es un tipo común de arteriosclerosis</li> </ul> <p>La ateroesclerosis puede afectar a la mayoría de las arterias del cuerpo. Tiene diferentes nombres, según las arterias afectadas:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a>:</strong> Acumulación de placa en las arterias del corazón</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html">Enfermedad arterial periférica</a>:</strong> Acumulación de placa en las arterias que transportan sangre desde el corazón a otras partes del cuerpo. Con mayor frecuencia afecta las arterias de las piernas, pero también puede afectar las arterias de los brazos o la pelvis</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carotidarterydisease.html">Enfermedad de las arterias carótidas</a>:</strong> Acumulación de placa en las arterias del cuello. Reduce el flujo sanguíneo al cerebro</li> <li><strong>Estenosis de la arteria renal:</strong> Acumulación de placa en las arterias que suministran sangre a los riñones</li> <li><strong>Enfermedad de las arterias vertebrales:</strong> Acumulación de placa en las arterias que suministran sangre a la parte posterior del cerebro</li> <li><strong>Isquemia de la arteria mesentérica:</strong> Acumulación de placa en las arterias que suministran sangre a los intestinos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa la ateroesclerosis?</h3> <p>A menudo, la placa comienza a acumularse durante la niñez y empeora con la edad. Se desconoce la causa exacta, pero los investigadores piensan que esta acumulación ocurre cuando hay daño en las arterias. Este daño puede ser causado por hábitos de vida poco saludables, afecciones de salud y los genes.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener ateroesclerosis?</h3> <p>Es posible que tenga más probabilidades de tener ateroesclerosis si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene ciertas afecciones médicas, incluyendo: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial alta</a></li> <li>Colesterol alto en sangre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html">Síndrome metabólico</a></li> <li>Enfermedades inflamatorias como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html">artritis reumatoide</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html">psoriasis</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto en la sangre</li> <li>Consumir muchos alimentos ricos en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">grasas</a> saturadas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokelesstobacco.html">masticar tabaco</a></li> <li>La edad: El riesgo aumenta después de los 45 años en los hombres y de los 55 años en las mujeres</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la ateroesclerosis?</h3> <p>En las primeras etapas, a menudo la ateroesclerosis no causa ningún síntoma. Es posible que note algunos síntomas por primera vez en momentos en que su cuerpo necesita más oxígeno. Por ejemplo, esto puede ocurrir cuando tiene estrés físico o emocional.</p> <p>Sus síntomas dependen de las arterias afectadas y de cuánto flujo sanguíneo esté bloqueado:</p> <ul> <li>En la <strong>enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</strong>, los síntomas pueden incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html">angina</a> (un tipo de dolor en el pecho), palpitaciones (corazón acelerado o fuerte) y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">problemas para respirar</a></li> <li>En la <strong>enfermedad de las arterias carótidas</strong>, es posible que tenga un soplo. Este es un silbido que su profesional de la salud escucha al usar un estetoscopio. También puede tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html">ataque isquémico transitorio</a> (AIT), a veces llamado "mini accidente cerebrovascular"</li> <li>En la <strong>enfermedad de las arterias periféricas</strong>, es posible que sienta dolor, molestias, pesadez o calambres en las piernas al caminar o subir escaleras</li> <li>En la <strong>enfermedad de las arterias vertebrales</strong>, puede tener problemas con el pensamiento y la memoria, debilidad o entumecimiento en un lado del cuerpo o en la cara, y problemas de la vista. También podría tener un ataque isquémico transitorio</li> <li>En la <strong>isquemia de la arteria mesentérica</strong>, los síntomas pueden incluir dolor intenso después de las comidas, pérdida de peso y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a></li> </ul> <p>Para los hombres, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html">disfunción eréctil</a> es una señal de advertencia temprana de que pueden tener un mayor riesgo de sufrir ateroesclerosis y sus complicaciones. Si tiene disfunción eréctil, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre su riesgo de acumulación de placa.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la ateroesclerosis?</h3> <p>La ateroesclerosis puede causar otros problemas de salud o complicaciones. Por ejemplo, si la placa se rompe, puede formarse un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulo sanguíneo</a>. El coágulo puede bloquear la arteria por completo o viajar a otra parte del cuerpo. Otras posibles complicaciones pueden variar, según las arterias afectadas. Por ejemplo, las obstrucciones en diferentes partes del cuerpo pueden causar complicaciones como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardíaco</a>, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">demencia</a> vascular o la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html">pérdida de una extremidad</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la ateroesclerosis?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene aterosclerosis, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntará sobre su historia clínica y de salud familiar</li> <li>Preguntará sobre su estilo de vida y los factores de riesgo de acumulación de placa en las arterias</li> <li>Realizará un examen físico, incluyendo escuchar su corazón y el flujo de sangre en sus arterias</li> <li>Es probable que solicite pruebas, como análisis de sangre y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">pruebas de salud del corazón</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la ateroesclerosis?</h3> <p>Si tiene ateroesclerosis, su profesional de la salud trabajará con usted para crear un plan de tratamiento apropiado para su salud. Su plan dependerá de qué arterias estén afectadas, qué tan bloqueado está el flujo sanguíneo y qué otros problemas médicos tenga. Los posibles tratamientos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html">Cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong> para: <ul> <li>Manejar sus factores de riesgo</li> <li>Tratar la ateroesclerosis o sus complicaciones</li> <li>Tratar cualquier problema médico que tenga y que pueda empeorar la acumulación de placa</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Procedimientos o cirugías</strong> para tratar enfermedades o complicaciones causadas por la acumulación de placa. El tipo específico de procedimiento o cirugía dependerá de qué arterias estén afectadas</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html">Rehabilitación cardíaca</a></strong>, si ha tenido ciertas complicaciones por ateroesclerosis</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la ateroesclerosis?</h3> <p>Hay medidas que puede tomar para tratar de prevenir la ateroesclerosis:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Elija alimentos saludables para el corazón</strong>, como frutas, verduras y cereales integrales. Limite los alimentos con alto contenido de grasas saturadas, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sal</a> y azúcares añadidos </li><li><strong>Haga <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física regularmente</a>:</strong> Antes de comenzar un programa de ejercicios, pregúntele a su proveedor de atención médica qué nivel de actividad física es el adecuado para usted </li><li><strong>Trate de lograr un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">peso saludable</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Limite la cantidad de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> que consume:</strong> Beber menos es mejor para la salud que beber más. Los hombres deben limitar su consumo a 2 bebidas o menos al día. Las mujeres deben beber 1 trago o menos por día</li> <li><strong>Controle el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a></strong></li> <li>Si fuma, <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">deje de fumar</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Evite el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">humo de segunda mano</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Duerma lo suficiente y de buena calidad</a></strong></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Atherosclerosis Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Accidente cerebrovascular Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico Angioplastía Ataque al corazón Bypass de la arteria coronaria Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias Pruebas para la salud del corazón Arterias obstruidas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Arteriosclerosis <h3>What is atherosclerosis?</h3> <p>Atherosclerosis is a condition in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Plaque is a sticky substance made up of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">cholesterol</a>, fat, blood cells, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque hardens and causes your arteries to narrow. That limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your body.</p> <p>Some people may confuse atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, but they are not the same thing:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Arteriosclerosis</strong> is hardening of the arteries, which means that the arteries thicken and become less flexible. It can have several different causes.</li> <li><strong>Atherosclerosis</strong>, which develops from plaque buildup, is a common type of arteriosclerosis.</li> </ul> <p>Atherosclerosis can affect most of the arteries in the body. It has different names, based on which arteries are affected:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">Coronary artery disease</a></strong> (CAD) is plaque buildup in the arteries of your heart. </li><li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralarterialdisease.html">Peripheral artery disease</a></strong> (PAD) is plaque buildup in the arteries that carry blood away from the heart to other parts of the body. It most often affects the arteries of your legs, but it can also affect the arteries of your arms or pelvis. </li><li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carotidarterydisease.html">Carotid artery disease</a></strong> is plaque buildup in the neck arteries. It reduces blood flow to the brain. </li><li><strong>Renal artery stenosis</strong> is plaque buildup in the arteries that supply blood to your kidneys. </li><li><strong>Vertebral artery disease</strong> is plaque buildup in the arteries that supply blood to the back of your brain. </li><li><strong>Mesenteric artery ischemia</strong> is plaque buildup in the arteries that supply your intestines with blood. </li></ul> <h3>What causes atherosclerosis?</h3> <p>Plaque often starts to build up during childhood and gets worse with age. The exact cause is unknown, but researchers believe that this buildup happens when there is damage to the arteries. This damage may be caused by unhealthy lifestyle habits, medical conditions, and your genes.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop atherosclerosis?</h3> <p>You may be more likely to develop atherosclerosis if you:</p> <ul> <li>Have certain medical conditions, including: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a></li> <li>High blood cholesterol</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html">Metabolic syndrome</a></li> <li>Inflammatory diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html">rheumatoid arthritis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html">psoriasis</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Have a family history of high blood cholesterol</li> <li>Eat a lot of foods high in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">saturated fats</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoke</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smokelesstobacco.html">chew</a> tobacco</li> <li>Are older - the risk increases after age 45 men and age 55 in women</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of atherosclerosis?</h3> <p>In the early stages, atherosclerosis often does not cause any symptoms. You may first notice some symptoms at times when your body needs more oxygen. For example, this could be when you are having physical or emotional stress.</p> <p>Your symptoms will depend on which arteries are affected and how much blood flow is blocked:</p> <ul> <li>With <strong>coronary artery disease</strong>, the symptoms may include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html">angina</a> (a type of chest pain), palpitations (racing or pounding heart), and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">shortness of breath</a>.</li> <li>With <strong>carotid artery disease</strong>, you may have a bruit. This is a whooshing sound that your health care provider hears when using a stethoscope. You could also have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html">transient ischemic attack</a> (TIA), sometimes called a mini-stroke.</li> <li>With <strong>peripheral artery disease</strong>, you may have pain, aching, heaviness, or cramping in the legs when walking or climbing stairs.</li> <li>With <strong>vertebral artery disease</strong>, you may have problems with thinking and memory, weakness or numbness on one side of the body or face, and vision trouble. You could also have a transient ischemic attack.</li> <li>With <strong>mesenteric artery ischemia</strong>, the symptoms can include severe pain after meals, weight loss, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>.</li> </ul> <p>For men, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html">erectile dysfunction</a> (ED) is an early warning sign that you may be at higher risk for atherosclerosis and its complications. If you have ED, talk with your provider about your risk of plaque buildup.</p> <h3>What other problems can atherosclerosis cause?</h3> <p>Atherosclerosis can cause other health problems, or complications. For example, if a plaque bursts, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clot</a> may form. The clot could block the artery completely or travel to another part of the body. Other possible complications can vary, depending on which arteries are affected. For example, blockages in different parts of the body can lead to complications such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html">stroke</a>, vascular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html">dementia</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html">limb loss</a>.</p> <h3>How is atherosclerosis diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have atherosclerosis, your provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your medical and family health history</li> <li>Will ask about your lifestyle and risk factors for plaque buildup in the arteries</li> <li>Will do a physical exam, which will include listening to your heart and the blood flow in your arteries</li> <li>Will likely order tests, such as blood tests and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">heart health tests</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for atherosclerosis?</h3> <p>If you have atherosclerosis, your provider will work with you to create a treatment plan that works for you. Your plan will depend on which arteries are affected, how much the blood flow is blocked, and what other medical conditions you have. Possible treatments may include:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">Heart-healthy lifestyle changes</a>.</strong></li> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> to: <ul> <li>Manage your risk factors.</li> <li>Treat atherosclerosis or its complications.</li> <li>Treat any medical conditions you have that can worsen plaque buildup.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Procedures or surgeries</strong> to treat diseases or complications that were caused by plaque buildup. The specific type of procedure or surgery will depend on which arteries are affected.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html">Cardiac rehabilitation</a></strong>, if you have had certain complications from atherosclerosis.</li> </ul> <h3>Can atherosclerosis be prevented?</h3> <p>There are steps you can take to try to prevent atherosclerosis:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Choose heart-healthy foods</strong>, such fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Limit foods that are high in saturated fats, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">salt</a>, and added sugars.</li> <li><strong>Do <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular physical activity</a>.</strong> But before you start an exercise program, ask your provider what level of physical activity is right for you.</li> <li><strong>Aim for a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">healthy weight</a>.</strong></li> <li><strong>Limit how much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> you drink.</strong> Drinking less is better for health than drinking more. Men should limit their intake to 2 drinks or less in a day. Women should drink 1 drink or less per day.</li> <li><strong>Manage <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>.</strong></li> <li>If you smoke, <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quit smoking</a></strong>.</li> <li><strong>Avoid <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">secondhand smoke</a>.</strong></li> <li><strong>Get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">enough good-quality sleep</a>.</strong></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Ateroesclerosis Atherosclerosis Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Angioplasty Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Coronary Artery Disease Heart Attack Heart Health Tests Ischemic Stroke Stroke Arteriosclerosis Hardening of the Arteries Plaque, Atherosclerotic Find an Expert American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Related Issues American Stroke Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Tinea pedis <p>Athlete's foot is a common infection caused by a fungus. It most often affects the space between the toes. Symptoms include itching, burning, and cracked, scaly skin between your toes.</p> <p>You can get athlete's foot from damp surfaces, such as showers, swimming pools, and locker room floors. To prevent it:</p><ul> <li>Keep your feet clean, dry, and cool</li> <li>Wear clean socks</li> <li>Don't walk barefoot in public areas</li> <li>Wear flip-flops in locker room showers</li> <li>Keep your toenails clean and clipped short</li> </ul> <p>Treatments include over-the-counter antifungal creams for most cases and prescription medicines for more serious infections. These usually clear up the infection, but it can come back.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Pie de atleta Tinea Pedis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Foot Health Tinea Infections Tinea Pedis Find an Expert American Podiatric Medical Association Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Start Here American Podiatric Medical Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Video Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Dermatology Video Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Asfixia mecánica Atragantarse <p>Los alimentos u objetos pequeños que quedan atrapados en la garganta obstruyen las vías respiratorias y causan asfixia. Esto impide que el oxígeno llegue a los pulmones y al cerebro. Si el cerebro permanece sin oxígeno durante más de cuatro minutos, puede ocurrir algún daño cerebral o la muerte. </p> <p>Los niños pequeños son los que están a mayor riesgo de asfixia. Pueden asfixiarse con comida, como las salchichas, las nueces, las uvas y objetos pequeños, como partes de juguetes y monedas. Es importante mantener estos objetos pequeños fuera de su alcance y supervisarlos mientras comen. </p> <p>Cuando alguien se esté asfixiando, una acción rápida puede salvarle la vida. Aprenda a dar golpes en la espalda, a realizar la maniobra de Heimlich y a hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html">RCP</a> (resucitación cardiopulmonar). </p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Lesiones y heridas Síntomas Choking Objetos extraños en el cuerpo Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Universidad de Washington, Facultad de Medicina Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Enciclopedia Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica AF AFib <h3>What is atrial fibrillation (AFib)?</h3> <p>Atrial fibrillation, also known as AFib or AF, is one of the most common types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">arrhythmias</a>. Arrhythmias are problems with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat. They can cause your heart to beat too slowly, too fast, or in an irregular way.</p> <p>If you have AFib, your heart beats irregularly and sometimes much faster than normal. Also, your heart's upper and lower chambers do not work together as they should. When this happens, the lower chambers do not fill completely or pump enough blood to your lungs and body. This can cause symptoms such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">dizziness</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a>, and a pounding heartbeat.</p> <p>AFib may happen in brief episodes, or it may be a permanent condition. It's very important to treat it, since AFib can put you at risk for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a> and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart conditions</a>.</p> <h3>What causes atrial fibrillation (AFib)?</h3> <p>AFib is most often caused by changes to the heart's tissue or the electrical signaling that helps the heartbeat. These changes can happen due to different conditions and factors, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">congenital heart defects</a>, infections, and aging. Sometimes the cause is unknown.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop atrial fibrillation (AFib)?</h3> <p>Anyone can develop AFib, but there are certain things that raise your risk for it:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Aging.</strong> The risk of atrial fibrillation increases as you get older, especially when you are over age 65.</li> <li><strong>Family history and genetics.</strong> AFib can run in families. So can heart disease, which raises your risk of AFib.</li> <li><strong>Some lifestyle choices.</strong> Your risk is higher if you drink a lot of alcohol, use certain illegal drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamines, or smoke.</li> <li><strong>Having certain health conditions,</strong> such as: <ul> <li>High blood pressure</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html">Heart valve diseases</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html">Hyperthyroidism</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">Chronic kidney disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a> and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">lung diseases</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">Sleep apnea</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Race.</strong> AFib is more common in people with European ancestry.</li> <li><strong>Recent surgery.</strong> You may be at risk of atrial fibrillation in the early days and weeks after surgery on your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html">heart</a>, lungs, or esophagus.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of atrial fibrillation (AFib)?</h3> <p>Some people who have AFib don't have any symptoms and don't know they have it. If you do have symptoms, you may only notice them once in a while. Or you may have symptoms that are more frequent. And in some cases, the symptoms might be severe. If you have heart disease, you are more likely to notice your symptoms. And those symptoms could get worse if your heart disease gets worse.</p> <p>The symptoms of AFib can include:</p> <ul> <li>Extreme fatigue, which is the most common symptom</li> <li>Heart palpitations (the feeling that your heart is skipping a beat, fluttering, pounding, or beating too hard or too fast)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Trouble breathing</a>, especially when lying down or when exercising</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a></li> <li>Dizziness or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html">fainting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html">Low blood pressure</a></li> </ul> <h3>What other problems can AFib cause?</h3> <p>If AFib is not treated, it can lead to serious health problems (complications) such as:</p> <ul> <li>Stroke</li> <li>Heart failure</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">Blood clots</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html">Sudden cardiac arrest</a> (SCA)</li> <li>Cognitive impairment and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html">dementia</a></li> </ul> <p>To help prevent these problems, it's important to contact your health care provider if you are having symptoms. If you do have AFib, the sooner you are diagnosed and treated, the better.</p> <h3>How is atrial fibrillation (AFib) diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have AFib, your provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your medical history, including your symptoms, lifestyle, and any other health conditions you may have</li> <li>Will ask about your family history, to find out if you have relatives who have or had AFib</li> <li>Will do a physical exam</li> <li>May order blood tests</li> <li>Will likely order <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">heart tests</a>, such as an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/">electrocardiogram</a> (also called an EKG or ECG) and echocardiogram</li> <li>May ask you to wear a heart monitor device that records your heart's electrical activity</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for atrial fibrillation (AFib)?</h3> <p>The treatments for AFib may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">Blood thinner medicines</a> that help prevent blood clots from forming.</li> <li>Medicines to control your heart's rhythm and rate.</li> <li>Following <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">heart-healthy lifestyle changes</a>, such as: <ul> <li>Following a heart-healthy eating plan that limits saturated <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fats</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">salt</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">cholesterol</a>. An example is the<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html"> DASH eating plan</a>.</li> <li>Limiting or avoiding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>, because it can increase your heart rate.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Aiming for a healthy weight</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Getting regular physical activity</a>.</li> <li>Managing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">Quitting smoking</a>.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Procedures such as: <ul> <li>Electrical cardioversion, which restores your heart rhythm using low-energy shocks to your heart.</li> <li>Catheter ablation, which scars the tissue that is causing the arrhythmia. The scar tissue blocks the abnormal heart signals.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Surgeries such as: <ul> <li>Surgery to put in a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">pacemaker</a> to help control the arrhythmia.</li> <li>A Maze procedure, which creates scar tissue in a maze-like pattern in certain parts of the heart.</li> <li>Left atrial appendage closure, a surgery on a small sac in the muscle wall of your left atrium (the upper left chamber of your heart). It helps prevent blood clots and can reduce your risk of stroke. This surgery is for people who are not able to take blood thinners.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>Can atrial fibrillation (AFib) be prevented?</h3> <p>There are steps you can take to help lower your risk of atrial fibrillation, such as:</p> <ul> <li>Making heart-healthy lifestyle changes: <ul> <li>Following a heart-healthy eating plan</li> <li>Limiting or avoiding alcohol</li> <li>Aiming for a healthy weight</li> <li>Getting regular physical activity</li> <li>Managing stress</li> <li>Not smoking</li> </ul> </li> <li>Avoiding illegal drugs, such as cocaine and methamphetamines</li> <li>Taking antiarrhythmic medicine (medicine to treat arrhythmia) if you are having heart surgery</li> <li>Treating any health conditions that could raise your risk of AFib</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Fibrilación auricular Atrial Fibrillation Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Arrhythmia Heart Health Tests AF Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Heart Association Treatments and Therapies Texas Heart Institute Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Related Issues American Heart Association Video Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies Texas Heart Institute Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests American Osteopathic Association Related Issues Heart Rhythm Society Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association Video Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Heart Association Video Related Issues American Heart Association Video AME <h3>¿Qué es la atrofia muscular espinal (AME)?</h3> <p>La atrofia muscular espinal (AME) es un grupo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">enfermedades genéticas</a> que daña y mata las neuronas motoras. Las neuronas motoras son un tipo de célula nerviosa de la médula espinal y la parte inferior del cerebro. Controlan el movimiento de los brazos, piernas, cara, pecho, garganta y lengua.</p> <p>A medida que las neuronas motoras mueren, los músculos comienzan a debilitarse y atrofiarse (desgastan). El daño muscular empeora con el tiempo y puede afectar el habla, caminar, tragar y la respiración.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de atrofia muscular espinal y cuáles son sus síntomas?</h3> <p>Hay diferentes tipos de atrofia muscular espinal. Se basan en la gravedad de la enfermedad y cuándo comienzan los síntomas:</p> <ul> <li>El <strong>tipo 1</strong> también se llama enfermedad de Werdnig-Hoffmann o AME de inicio infantil. Es el tipo más grave y el más común. En general, los bebés con este tipo muestran signos de la enfermedad antes de los 6 meses de edad. En casos más serios, los signos aparecen incluso antes o justo después del nacimiento (tipos 0 o 1A). Los bebés pueden tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">problemas para tragar</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">respirar</a> y es posible que no se muevan mucho. Tienen un acortamiento crónico de músculos o tendones (llamado contracturas). Por lo general, no pueden sentarse sin ayuda. Sin tratamiento, muchos niños con este tipo morirán antes de cumplir los 2 años </li> <li>El <strong>tipo ll</strong> es un tipo de AME de moderado a grave. Por lo general, se nota por primera vez entre los 6 y los 18 meses de edad. La mayoría de los niños con este tipo pueden sentarse sin apoyo, pero no pueden pararse ni caminar sin ayuda. También pueden tener problemas para respirar. Usualmente, pueden vivir hasta la adolescencia o la edad adulta</li> <li>El <strong>tipo III</strong> también se conoce como enfermedad de Kugelberg-Welander. Es el tipo más leve que afecta a los niños. Los signos de la enfermedad suelen aparecer después de los 18 meses. Los niños con este tipo pueden caminar solos, pero pueden tener problemas para correr, levantarse de una silla o subir escaleras. También pueden tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html">escoliosis</a> (curvatura de la columna), contracturas e infecciones respiratorias. Con tratamiento, la mayoría de los niños con este tipo tienen una expectativa de vida normal</li> <li>El <strong>tipo IV</strong> es poco común y, a menudo, leve. Por lo general, causa síntomas después de los 21 años. Los síntomas incluyen debilidad leve a moderada de los músculos de las piernas, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tremor.html">temblores</a> y problemas respiratorios leves. Los síntomas empeoran lentamente con el tiempo. Las personas con este tipo de AME tienen una expectativa de vida normal</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa la atrofia muscular espinal?</h3> <p>La mayoría de los tipos de AME son causados por un cambio en el gen SMN1. Este gen es responsable de producir una proteína que las neuronas motoras necesitan para estar sanas y funcionar. Pero cuando falta parte del gen SMN1 o es anormal, no hay suficiente proteína para las neuronas motoras. Esto causa la muerte de las neuronas motoras.</p> <p>La mayoría de las personas tienen dos copias del gen SM1, una de cada progenitor. La AME normalmente solo ocurre cuando ambas copias tienen el cambio genético. Si solo una copia tiene el cambio, generalmente no hay ningún síntoma. Pero el gen podría transmitirse de padres a hijos.</p> <p>Algunos de los tipos menos comunes de AME pueden deberse a cambios en otros genes.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la atrofia muscular espinal?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar la atrofia muscular espinal:</p> <ul> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo antecedentes familiares</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">Pruebas genéticas</a> para verificar los cambios genéticos que causan la AME</li> <li>Se pueden realizar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa</a> y una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> muscular, sobre todo si no se encuentran cambios genéticos</li> </ul> <p>Los padres que tienen antecedentes familiares de AME pueden querer hacer una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html">prueba prenatal</a> para verificar si su bebé tiene un cambio en el gen SMN1. Se usa una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/amniocentesis-analisis-del-liquido-amniotico/">amniocentesis</a> o, en algunos casos, una muestra de vellosidades coriónicas para obtener la muestra para la prueba.</p> <p>En algunos estados, las pruebas genéticas de AME son parte de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">exámenes de detección del recién nacido</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la atrofia muscular espinal?</h3> <p>No existe cura para la AME. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas y prevenir complicaciones. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Medicamentos para ayudar al cuerpo a producir más proteínas necesarias para las neuronas motoras</li> <li>Terapia genética para niños menores de 2 años</li> <li>Terapia física, ocupacional y de rehabilitación para ayudar a mejorar la postura y la movilidad de las articulaciones. Estas terapias también pueden mejorar el flujo sanguíneo y retrasar la debilidad y atrofia muscular. Algunas personas también pueden necesitar terapia por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">problemas para hablar</a>, masticar y tragar</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html">Dispositivos de asistencia</a> como soportes o aparatos ortopédicos, órtesis, sintetizadores de voz y sillas de ruedas para ayudar a las personas a ser más independientes</li> <li>Buena nutrición y una dieta equilibrada para ayudar a mantener el peso y la fuerza. Algunas personas pueden necesitar una sonda de alimentación para obtener la nutrición que necesitan</li> <li>Apoyo respiratorio para personas que tienen debilidad muscular en el cuello, la garganta y el pecho. El apoyo puede incluir dispositivos para ayudar con la respiración durante el día y prevenir la apnea del sueño durante la noche. Algunas personas pueden necesitar un ventilador</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Spinal Muscular Atrophy Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Distrofia muscular Enfermedades neuromusculares Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica ADHD <h3>What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? </h3> <p>ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into adulthood. But some people don't get diagnosed with ADHD until they are adults. ADHD involves:</p> <ul> <li>Having trouble paying attention (inattention)</li> <li>Having trouble controlling impulsive behaviors (impulsivity)</li> <li>Being overly active (hyperactivity)</li> </ul> <h3>What are the types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? </h3> <p>There are three types of ADHD:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Mostly Inattentive ADHD.</strong> People with this type of ADHD have trouble paying attention and are easily distracted. It's hard for them to organize or finish tasks. They may have trouble following instructions or conversations. </li><li><strong>Mostly Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD.</strong> People with this type of ADHD have symptoms of both hyperactivity and impulsivity: <ul> <li><strong>With hyperactivity,</strong> people feel a need to always be moving. They have trouble sitting still and may fidget and/or talk too much.</li> <li><strong>With impulsivity,</strong> people have trouble controlling their actions and words. They tend to act on sudden ideas or feelings without thinking about the possible results. They may interrupt others a lot or have trouble waiting their turn.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Combined ADHD.</strong> People with this type of ADHD have a mix of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Combined ADHD is the most common type.</li> </ul> <p>It's normal to sometimes have trouble paying attention or sitting still, especially for children. But people with ADHD have more severe symptoms that can sometimes cause serious problems, for example, failing grades for a child or a job loss for an adult. The symptoms are ongoing and may affect family and social life, too.</p> <h3>What causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?</h3> <p>The exact cause of ADHD is unknown. ADHD probably results from a combination of factors, such as genetics and your environment. Researchers are looking at possible environmental factors that might raise the risk of developing ADHD. These factors include brain injuries, nutrition, and social environments.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?</h3> <p>The symptoms of ADHD depend on the type of ADHD a person has:</p> <p><strong>People with symptoms of attention problems may often:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Miss details or make careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or in other activities</li> <li>Have trouble staying focused on play activities or work tasks</li> <li>Not seem to listen when spoken to directly</li> <li>Find it hard to follow instructions or finish tasks, or may start but get easily sidetracked</li> <li>Have trouble being organized, keeping belongings in order, and managing time</li> <li>Avoid doing tasks that require long periods of mental effort</li> <li>Lose important items, such as books, wallets, keys, eyeglasses, and cellphones</li> <li>Forget about doing daily activities</li> </ul> <p><strong>People with symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity may often:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Fidget and squirm while seated </li> <li>Get up when staying seated is expected, such as at school or work</li> <li>Run around or climb when it's not appropriate (children) or feel restless (teens and adults)</li> <li>Have trouble doing quiet activities</li> <li>Be constantly moving or "on the go"</li> <li>Talk much more than is normal</li> <li>Blurt out answers before questions are completed</li> <li>Have trouble waiting for their turn</li> <li>Interrupt others for example during conversations or games</li> </ul> <p><strong>People with combined ADHD show a mix of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms</strong></p> <h3>How is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no single test to diagnose ADHD. One step of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/adhd-screening/">the process for diagnosing ADHD</a> involves having a physical exam, including <a href="">vision tests</a>, hearing tests (for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hearing-tests-for-children/">children</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hearing-tests-for-adults/">adults</a>), and other tests to rule out other problems with symptoms like ADHD. Other problems with similar symptoms include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">sleep problems</a>, and certain types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html">learning disabilities</a>.</p> <p>The process also involves a thorough medical history and family history. And it usually includes using standardized ADHD symptom checklists, questionnaires, and/or interview questions. These tools have rating scales (scoring systems) that help the provider see if a person's symptoms and history fit a diagnosis of ADHD.</p> <p>To make a diagnosis of ADHD, the provider needs to have found <em>all</em> of these things:</p> <ul> <li>Several symptoms of ADHD that began before age 12.</li> <li>Several symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that have lasted for at least 6 months and cause serious problems:</li> <ul> <li>For children up to age 16, there must be at least 6 ongoing symptoms.</li> <li>For people 17 and older, there must be at least 5 ongoing symptoms.</li> <li>Symptoms that happen in 2 or more settings, for example, at home and at work or school.</li> <li>Symptoms that clearly get in the way of functioning well at school, work, and/or in social situations.</li> <li>Symptoms aren't caused by another <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental health disorder</a>.</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?</h3> <p>Although there is no cure for ADHD, treatments may help reduce symptoms and improve functioning. ADHD is commonly treated with:</p> <ul> <li>Medicines.</li> <li>Psychotherapy (talk therapy), including behavior therapy.</li> <li>Education or training for parents to give them the skills and strategies to help their child. This is especially important for younger children.</li> <li>A combination of these treatments.</li> </ul> <p>Good treatment plans will include close monitoring, follow-ups, and making changes, if needed, along the way.</p> <p>Having a healthy lifestyle, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html">healthy eating</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular exercise</a>, may also help manage symptoms.</p> <p>For school-aged children, school support is important. This could include classroom-based behavioral interventions such as behavior management plans or teaching your child organizational and study skills. It may also include accommodations such as specific seating in the classroom, reduced classwork, or extended time on tests and exams.</p> <p></p><p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health </p> Children and Teenagers Mental Health and Behavior Brain and Nerves Trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Child Behavior Disorders Learning Disabilities ADD ADHD Hyperactivity Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Adults National Institute of Mental Health NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Living With Nemours Foundation Adults Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Institute of Mental Health NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Find an Expert Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Living With Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Psychological Association Journal Articles Adults Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Women Girls Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Dispositivos para escuchar mejor Dispositivos para mejorar la audición <p>Un audífono es un aparato electrónico pequeño que se usa detrás o dentro de la oreja. Hace que el sonido sea más alto. Un audífono puede hacer que la gente oiga mejor en lugares silenciosos o ruidosos. </p> <p> Los audífonos ayudan a quienes sufren de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">pérdida de la audición</a> por el daño en las células sensoriales del oído interno. Este daño puede ocurrir debido a una enfermedad, edad, el ruido o algunas medicinas. Sólo una de cinco personas que podrían beneficiarse con el uso de audífonos lo usa. Si usted cree que un audífono puede ayudarle, visite a su doctor. </p> <p> Hay diferentes tipos de audífonos. Se diferencian por su tamaño, su ubicación en el oído y cuánto aumentan el sonido. El audífono que funcione mejor para usted depende del tipo de pérdida auditiva que tiene y su gravedad. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</p> Oído, nariz y garganta Hearing Aids Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Implantes cocleares Problemas de la audición y sordera Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH ASD Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) <p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout a person's life. It affects how a person acts and interacts with others, communicates, and learns. It includes what used to be known as Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorders.</p> <p>It is called a "spectrum" disorder because people with ASD can have a range of symptoms. People with ASD might have problems talking with you, or they might not look you in the eye when you talk to them. They may also have restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. They may spend a lot of time putting things in order, or they may say the same sentence again and again. They may often seem to be in their "own world."</p> <p>At well-child checkups, the health care provider should check your child's development. If there are signs of ASD, your child will have a comprehensive evaluation. It may include a team of specialists, doing various tests and evaluations to make a diagnosis.</p> <p>The causes of ASD are not known. Research suggests that both genes and environment play important roles.</p> <p>There is currently no one standard treatment for ASD. There are many ways to increase your child's ability to grow and learn new skills. Starting them early can lead to better results. Treatments include behavior and communication therapies, skills training, and medicines to control symptoms.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Children and Teenagers Mental Health and Behavior Trastorno del espectro autista Autism Spectrum Disorder Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Child Behavior Disorders Child Development Fragile X Syndrome Asperger Syndrome Autism Pervasive Developmental Disorder Living With Autism Speaks PDF Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Health Check Tools Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Living With Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Living With Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Find an Expert American Psychological Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <h3>What are autoimmune diseases?</h3> <p>Your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> protects you from disease and infection by attacking germs that get into your body, such as viruses and bacteria. Your immune system can tell that the germs aren't part of you, so it destroys them. If you have an autoimmune disease, your immune system attacks the healthy cells of your organs and tissues by mistake.</p> <p>There are more than 80 types of autoimmune diseases. They can affect almost any part of your body. For example, alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease of the skin that causes hair loss. Autoimmune hepatitis affects the liver. In <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1 diabetes</a>, the immune system attacks the pancreas. And in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, the immune system can attack many parts of the body, including the joints, lungs, and eyes.</p> <h3>What causes autoimmune diseases?</h3> <p>No one is sure why autoimmune diseases happen. But you can't catch them from other people.</p> <p>Autoimmune diseases do tend to run in families, which means that certain genes may make some people more likely to develop a problem. Viruses, certain chemicals, and other things in the environment may trigger an autoimmune disease if you already have the genes for it.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for autoimmune diseases?</h3> <p>Millions of Americans of all ages have autoimmune diseases. Women develop many types of autoimmune diseases much more often than men. And if you have one autoimmune disease, you are more likely to get another.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of autoimmune diseases?</h3> <p>The symptoms of an autoimmune disease depend on the part of your body that's affected. Many types of autoimmune diseases cause redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are the signs and symptoms of inflammation. But other illnesses can cause the same symptoms.</p> <p>The symptoms of autoimmune diseases can come and go. During a flare-up, your symptoms may get severe for a while. Later on, you may have a remission, which means that your symptoms get better or disappear for a period of time.</p> <h3>How are autoimmune diseases diagnosed?</h3> <p>Doctors often have a hard time diagnosing autoimmune diseases. There's usually not a specific test to show whether you have a certain autoimmune disease. And the symptoms can be confusing. That's because many autoimmune diseases have similar symptoms. And some symptoms, such as muscle aches, are common in many other illnesses. So it can take a long time and some visits to different types of doctors to get a diagnosis.</p> <p>To help your doctor find out if an autoimmune disease is causing your symptoms,:</p><ul> <li>Learn about the health conditions in your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/familyhistory.html">family history</a>. What health problems did your grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins have? Write down what you learn and share it with your doctor.</li> <li>Keep track of your symptoms, including how long they last and what makes them better or worse. Share your notes with your doctor.</li> <li>See a specialist who deals with the symptoms that bother you most. For example, if you have rash, see a dermatologist (skin doctor).</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for autoimmune diseases?</h3> <p>The treatment depends on the disease. In most cases, the goal of treatment is to suppress (slow down) your immune system, and ease swelling, redness, and pain from inflammation. Your doctor may give you <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">corticosteroids</a> or other medicines to help you feel better. For some diseases, you may need treatment for the rest of your life.</p> Immune System Enfermedades autoinmunes Autoimmune Diseases Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Addison Disease Diabetes Type 1 Guillain-Barre Syndrome Lupus Multiple Sclerosis Myasthenia Gravis Rheumatoid Arthritis Autoinflammatory Disorders NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Gluten Intolerance Group Find an Expert Autoimmune Association Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Video Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Women American College of Rheumatology Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Autodañarse Autoflagelación Autolaceración Autolesionarse Automutilación Conducta autodestructiva Conductas autolesivas Cortarse <h3>¿Qué es la autolesión?</h3> <p>Cuando una persona se hace daño a sí misma a propósito se conoce como autolesión (también llamada autoagresión o automutilación). Si bien las lesiones pueden ser menores, en ocasiones pueden ser graves. Pueden dejar cicatrices permanentes o causar serios problemas de salud. Algunos ejemplos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cortarse (usando una navaja, cuchillo u otro objeto filoso para cortar la piel)</li> <li>Golpearse a sí mismo o a cosas (como un muro)</li> <li>Quemarse con cigarrillos, fósforos o velas</li> <li>Arrancarse el pelo</li> <li>Insertar objetos a través de orificios corporales</li> <li>Quebrarse huesos o provocarse moretones</li> </ul> <p>La autolesión no es una enfermedad mental. Es una conducta, una forma dañina de enfrentar los sentimientos. De todas formas, algunas personas que tienen una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">enfermedad mental</a> se autoagreden.</p> <p>Las personas que se autolesionan en general no buscan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html">intentar suicidarse</a>, pero están en mayor riesgo de atentar contra su vida si no reciben ayuda.</p> <h3>¿Por qué las personas se autolesionan?</h3> <p>Hay diferentes razones por las cuales una persona se autolesiona. A menudo, tienen problemas al enfrentar o procesar sus sentimientos. Se autoagreden al:</p> <ul> <li>Tratar de sentir algo (porque se sienten vacíos o entumecidos por dentro)</li> <li>Bloquear recuerdos difíciles</li> <li>Mostrar que necesitan ayuda</li> <li>Liberar sentimientos fuertes que les abruman, como rabia, soledad o desesperanza </li> <li>Castigarse a sí mismos</li> <li>Sentir que tienen el control </li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de autolesionarse?</h3> <p>Personas de todas las edades están en riesgo de autolesionarse, pero en general comienza en la adolescencia o al comienzo de la adultez. La autolesión es más común en personas que:</p> <ul> <li>Fueron <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html">abusadas</a> o sufrieron traumas durante la niñez</li> <li>Tienen enfermedades mentales como:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html">Trastornos de la alimentación</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">Trastorno de estrés postraumático</a></li> <li>Ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalitydisorders.html">trastornos de la personalidad</a></li> </ul> <li>Usan en forma indebida <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">alcohol</a></li> <li>Tienen amigos que se autolesionan</li> <li>Tienen baja autoestima</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son las señales de la autolesión?</h3> <p>Cuando una persona se autolesiona, puede mostrar señales como:</p> <ul> <li>Tener frecuentes cortes, moretones o cicatrices</li> <li>Usar ropa manga larga o pantalones aun cuando hace calor</li> <li>Intentar excusarse por sus heridas</li> <li>Tener objetos filosos cerca sin una razón</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo ayudar a alguien que se autolesiona?</h3> <p>Si una persona que conoce se autolesiona, es importante no emitir un juicio sobre su conducta. Déjele saber que usted quiere ayudarle. Si la persona es un niño o un adolescente, pídale que hable con un adulto de confianza. Si la persona no quiere hacerlo, hable usted con un adulto de confianza. Si la persona que se autolesiona es un adulto, sugiérale que asista a consejería de salud mental.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la autolesión?</h3> <p>No hay medicinas para tratar la autolesión, pero si existen medicamentos para tratar las enfermedades mentales que la persona puede tener, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a> o la depresión. Tratar la afección mental puede debilitar el impulso a autolesionarse.</p> <p>La consejería para salud mental o tratamiento también puede ayudar al enseñar a la persona:</p> <ul> <li>Habilidades para resolver problemas</li> <li>Nuevas formas para enfrentar emociones fuertes</li> <li>Mejores formas de relacionarse</li> <li>Formas de fortalecer la autoestima</li> </ul> <p>Si el problema es severo, la persona puede necesitar un tratamiento más intensivo en un hospital psiquiátrico o un programa de días para la salud mental.</p> Salud mental y conducta Self-Harm Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Automutilación Cortarse Tricotilomanía Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Dysautonomia <p>Your autonomic nervous system is the part of your nervous system that controls involuntary actions, such as the beating of your heart and the widening or narrowing of your blood vessels. When something goes wrong in this system, it can cause serious problems, including:</p><ul> <li> Blood pressure problems</li> <li> Heart problems</li> <li> Trouble with breathing and swallowing</li> <li> Erectile dysfunction in men</li> </ul> <p>Autonomic nervous system disorders can occur alone or as the result of another disease, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson's disease</a>, alcoholism and diabetes. Problems can affect either part of the system, as in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html">complex regional pain syndromes</a>, or all of the system. Some types are temporary, but many worsen over time. When they affect your breathing or heart function, these disorders can be life-threatening.</p> <p>Some autonomic nervous system disorders get better when an underlying disease is treated. Often, however, there is no cure. In that case, the goal of treatment is to improve symptoms. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo Autonomic Nervous System Diseases Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Fainting Low Blood Pressure Neurologic Diseases Peripheral Nerve Disorders Dysautonomia Horner Syndrome Multiple System Atrophy Orthostatic Hypotension Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome Shy-Drager Syndrome Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Learn More National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH <p>The B vitamins are:</p><ul> <li>B1 (thiamine)</li> <li>B2 (riboflavin)</li> <li>B3 (niacin)</li> <li>B5 (pantothenic acid)</li> <li>B6</li> <li> B7 (biotin)</li> <li>B12</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html">Folic acid</a></li> </ul> <p>These vitamins help the process your body uses to get or make energy from the food you eat. They also help form red blood cells. You can get B vitamins from proteins such as fish, poultry, meat, eggs, and dairy products. Leafy green vegetables, beans, and peas also have B vitamins. Many cereals and some breads have added B vitamins.</p> <p>Not getting enough of certain B vitamins can cause diseases. A lack of B12 or B6 can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>.</p> Food and Nutrition Vitaminas B Vitamin B Complex Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Folic Acid Vitamins Biotin Niacin Pantothenic Acid Riboflavin Thiamine Vitamin B Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <p>There are many new responsibilities when you have a baby. One of them is to make sure that your baby gets regular checkups, which are also called well-baby exams. These exams are important in making sure that your baby is growing and developing properly. If there are any problems, they can be caught early, when they may be easier to treat. Your baby's health care provider will let you know how often your baby should get a checkup.</p> <p>During these checkups, the provider will give your baby a complete physical exam, which includes:</p> <ul> <li>Checking your baby's height and weight</li> <li>Looking at their head, ears, nose, and mouth</li> <li>Listening to their heart and lungs</li> <li>Testing their hearing and vision (for some visits)</li> <li>Checking their reflexes</li> </ul> <p>The provider will ask you about your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborndevelopment.html">baby's development</a>. For example, they may ask when the baby started smiling and rolling over. During certain visits, the provider will do <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/developmental-and-behavioral-screening-tests/">developmental and behavioral screening tests</a>.</p> <p>The provider will use all of this information from the visit to check if your baby is meeting important developmental milestones. </p> <p>Your baby will also get any needed <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html">vaccines</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html">screenings</a> during the exam. And you can ask the provider any questions you might have about how to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborncare.html">care for your baby</a>.</p> <p>You can prepare for your baby's checkups by:</p> <ul> <li>Making a list of issues and questions you want to discuss with the provider</li> <li>Being prepared to answer questions about your baby's behavior and eating and sleeping habits</li> <li>Being ready to take notes at the visit</li> </ul> <p>In addition to these checkups, you can contact the provider any time if your baby seems sick or if you are worried about their development.</p> Children and Teenagers Chequeo médico del bebé Physical Examination Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Childhood Vaccines Common Infant and Newborn Problems Infant and Newborn Care Newborn Screening Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Start Here Nemours Foundation <p>Your back is made of bones, muscles, and other tissues extending from your neck to your pelvis. Back injuries can result from sports injuries, work around the house or in the garden, or a sudden jolt such as a car accident. The lower back is the most common site of back injuries and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html">back pain</a>. Common back injuries include :</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">Sprains and strains</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herniateddisk.html">Herniated disks</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">Fractured</a> (broken) vertebrae</li> </ul> <p>These injuries can cause pain and limit your movement. Treatments vary but might include medicines, icing, bed rest, physical therapy, or surgery. You might be able to prevent some back injuries by maintaining a healthy weight, lifting objects with your legs, and using lower-back support when you sit. </p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones de la espalda Back Injuries Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Back Pain Herniated Disk Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Find an Expert American Physical Therapy Association Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Videos and Tutorials North American Spine Society Video Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Living With American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Backache Lumbago <p>If you've ever groaned, "Oh, my aching back!", you are not alone. Back pain is one of the most common medical problems, affecting 8 out of 10 people at some point during their lives. Back pain can range from a dull, constant ache to a sudden, sharp pain. Acute back pain comes on suddenly and usually lasts from a few days to a few weeks. Back pain is called chronic if it lasts for more than three months.</p> <p>Most back pain goes away on its own, though it may take awhile. Taking over-the-counter pain relievers and resting can help. However, staying in bed for more than 1 or 2 days can make it worse. </p> <p>If your back pain is severe or doesn't improve after three days, you should call your health care provider. You should also get medical attention if you have back pain following an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backinjuries.html">injury</a>.</p> <p>Treatment for back pain depends on what kind of pain you have, and what is causing it. It may include hot or cold packs, exercise, medicines, injections, complementary treatments, and sometimes surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Brain and Nerves Dolor de espalda Back Pain Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Back Injuries Guide to Good Posture Herniated Disk Pain Sciatica Spinal Stenosis Spine Injuries and Disorders Low Back Pain Lumbago Pain, Back NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies North American Spine Society Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Find an Expert American Physical Therapy Association Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Chiropractic Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Videos and Tutorials North American Spine Society Video Prevention and Risk Factors American Osteopathic Association Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests North American Spine Society Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons <h3>What are bacteria?</h3> <p>Bacteria are tiny organisms (living things) that have only one cell. Under a microscope, they look like balls, rods, or spirals. They can be found almost everywhere on Earth. There are lots of bacteria in and on your body. In fact, your body has about 10 times more bacteria cells than human cells.</p> <p>There are many different types of bacteria. Most types don't make you sick. Some types are helpful. For example, "good" bacteria in your digestive system can help your body digest food and absorb <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">minerals</a>. They can help protect you from getting sick. Bacteria are also used in making foods like yogurt and cheese.</p> <p>But some types of bacteria can cause an infection and make you sick. They are called infectious bacteria. These bacteria can reproduce quickly in your body. Many of them give off toxins (poisons) that can damage your cells and make you sick. Other types can move into and damage your tissues. A few examples of bacteria that cause infections include <em><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html">Streptococcus</a></em>, <em><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/staphylococcalinfections.html">Staphylococcus</a></em>, and <em><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecoliinfections.html">E. coli</a></em>.</p> <h3>How do bacterial infections spread?</h3> <p>There are different ways that bacterial infections may spread:</p> <ul> <li>Through droplets and particles that are breathed out by someone who has the infection. You might breathe in the droplets or particles, or they could land on your mouth, nose, or eyes. </li><li>By touching surfaces or objects that have the bacteria on them and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.</li> <li>Through cuts, scrapes, and skin-to-skin contact with someone who has the infection.</li> <li>From the pregnant parent to the baby <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">during pregnancy</a>.</li> <li>Through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">contaminated food or water</a>.</li> <li>By being bitten by an infected <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html">insect</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html">animal</a>.</li> <li>Through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexual contact</a> (usually vaginal, anal and oral sex) with someone who has the infection.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for bacterial infections?</h3> <p>Sometimes your immune system may be able to fight off a bacterial infection. But when you do need treatment, it will be with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>.</p> <p></p>When you take antibiotics, follow the directions carefully. Each time you take them, there is a risk that the bacteria will become resistant to the effects of the antibiotics. This is called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html">antibiotic resistance</a>. When this happens, the bacteria are not killed, and they continue to grow. They can cause resistant infections, which can be difficult, and sometimes impossible, to treat.<p></p> <h3>Can bacterial infections be prevented?</h3> <p>You can help prevent some bacterial infections by:</p> <ul> <li>Getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">vaccines</a> that protect against bacterial infections.</li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">good hygiene habits</a>. These include washing your hands often and covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.</li> <li>Paying attention to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html">food safety</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces</a> that your frequently touch.</li> <li>Preventing insect bites by using a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent. when you go outdoors. If you travel to an area that has a high risk of diseases from insect bites, also wear long pants, shirts, and socks.</li> <li>Practicing safe sex. This means using a latex condom every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms.</li> <li>Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.</li> </ul> Infections Infecciones bacterianas Bacterial Infections Albanian Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi French Haitian Creole Hmong Italian Japanese Karen Khmer Korean Pashto Polish Portuguese Punjabi Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Antibiotics Botulism C. diff Infections Campylobacter Infections Cellulitis Chlamydia Infections E. Coli Infections Haemophilus Infections Infection Control Lyme Disease Meningococcal Disease Mycobacterial Infections Pneumococcal Infections Salmonella Infections Staphylococcal Infections Streptococcal Infections Tetanus Tick Bites Traveler's Health Tuberculosis Vaccines Whooping Cough Flesh-Eating Bacteria Infections, Bacterial Necrotizing Fasciitis Q Fever Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics World Health Organization Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Halitosis <p>There are many reasons why you might have bad breath. You can get it if you don't brush and floss regularly. Bacteria that build up in your mouth and between your teeth produce the bad odor. Other problems in your mouth, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html">gum disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html">dry mouth</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html">cavities</a>, may also cause it. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html">Sinusitis</a> or problems with your nose may be to blame. You can also have bad breath if you eat some foods, like raw onions, garlic, or cabbage. And of course <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">smoking</a> causes its own bad smell. Some diseases and medicines can cause a specific breath odor.</p> <p>Having good <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html">dental habits</a>, like brushing and flossing regularly, help fight bad breath. Mouthwashes, mints or chewing gum may make your breath fresher. If you have a disease that causes the bad breath, treating the disease may help give you fresher breath.</p> Mouth and Teeth Symptoms Mal aliento Halitosis Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hmong Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Child Dental Health Dental Health Dry Mouth Gum Disease Sinusitis Breath Odor Halitosis Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation <p>Have you ever felt <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">dizzy</a>, lightheaded, or as if the room is spinning around you? If the feeling happens often, it could be a sign of a balance problem. Balance problems can make you feel unsteady. You may also have blurred vision, confusion, and disorientation. They are one cause of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">falls</a> and fall-related injuries, such as a hip <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fracture</a> (broken hip).</p> <p>Some balance problems are due to problems in the inner ear. Others may involve another part of the body, such as the brain or the heart. Aging, infections, head injury, certain medicines, or problems with blood circulation may also cause balance problems.</p> <p>It is important to see your doctor about balance problems. They can be a sign of other health problems, such as an ear infection or a stroke. Your doctor may send you to a specialist for a diagnosis. You may need a hearing test, blood tests, or imaging studies of your head and brain. Other possible tests look at your eye movements, and how your body responds to movement.</p> <p>In some cases, treating the illness that is causing the disorder will help with the balance problem. Exercises, a change in diet, and some medicines also can help.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</p> Older Adults Ear, Nose and Throat Problemas de equilibrio Proprioception Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Dizziness and Vertigo Falls Walking Problems Older Adults Vestibular Disorders Association PDF Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Vestibular Disorders Association PDF Living With Vestibular Disorders Association Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Reference Desk National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Living With American Heart Association Reference Desk Vestibular Disorders Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Multiple Sclerosis Society Symptoms Vestibular Disorders Association <p>Barotrauma means injury to your body because of changes in barometric (air) or water pressure. One common type happens to your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eardisorders.html">ear</a>. A change in altitude may cause your ears to hurt. This can happen if you are flying in an airplane, driving in the mountains, or scuba diving. Divers can also get decompression sickness, which affects the whole body.</p> <p>Common symptoms of ear barotrauma include:</p><ul> <li>Pain</li> <li>A feeling that your ears are stuffed</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">Hearing loss</a></li> <li>Dizziness</li> </ul> <p>Treatments for ear barotrauma include chewing gum and yawning to relieve the pressure. Medications such as decongestants may also help.</p> Ear, Nose and Throat Safety Issues Barotrauma Barotrauma Spanish Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Learn More Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians <p>El barotrauma es el daño al cuerpo provocado por cambios barométricos, es decir, de la presión del aire o del agua. Un tipo común de barotrauma es el de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eardisorders.html">oído</a> que es producido por un cambio de altitud y puede provocar dolor. Esto puede suceder cuando viaja en avión, va en coche por las montañas o bucea. Los buceadores también pueden sufrir de enfermedad por descompresión que afecta todo el cuerpo.</p> <p>Los síntomas más comunes del barotrauma incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Dolor</li> <li>Sensación de taponamiento de los oídos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">Pérdida de la audición</a></li> <li>Mareo</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento para el barotrauma de oído incluye masticar goma de mascar y bostezar. Algunos medicamentos, como los descongestionantes, pueden ayudar.</p> Oído, nariz y garganta Asuntos de seguridad Barotrauma Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Bebé pretérmino <p>Uno de cada 10 recién nacidos en los Estados Unidos es prematuro. Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html">nacimiento prematuro</a> es cuando un bebé nace antes de completar 37 semanas de embarazo. Un embarazo a término es de 40 semanas.</p> <p>Un crecimiento y desarrollo importante del bebé ocurre durante el embarazo, sobre todo en los últimos meses y semanas. Debido a que nacen muy pronto, los prematuros <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html">pesan mucho menos</a> que los bebés que completaron su gestación. Pueden tener problemas de salud ya que sus órganos no tuvieron el tiempo suficiente para desarrollarse. Algunos bebés prematuros pueden tener:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas respiratorios</a></li> <li>Dificultades para alimentarse</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebralpalsy.html">Parálisis cerebral</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html">Atraso del desarrollo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Problemas de la visión</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html">Problemas de audición</a></li> </ul> <p>Los prematuros necesitan atención médica especial en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal. Deben permanecer ahí hasta que sus sistemas y órganos puedan funcionar sin ayuda.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Niños y adolescentes Embarazo y reproducción Premature Babies Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Peso del bebé al nacer Problemas de salud durante el embarazo Trabajo de parto prematuro Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes <p>Bed bugs bite you and feed on your blood. You may have no reaction to the bites, or you may have small marks or itching. Severe allergic reactions are rare. Bed bugs don't transmit or spread diseases.</p> <p>Adult bed bugs are brown, 1/4 to 3/8 inch long, and have a flat, oval-shaped body. Young bed bugs (called nymphs) are smaller and lighter in color. Bed bugs hide in a variety of places around the bed. They might also hide in the seams of chairs and couches, between cushions, and in the folds of curtains. They come out to feed about every five to ten days. But they can survive over a year without feeding.</p> <p>To prevent bed bugs in your home:</p> <ul> <li>Check secondhand furniture for any signs of bed bugs before bringing it home</li> <li>Use a protective cover that encases mattresses and box springs. Check it regularly for holes.</li> <li>Reduce clutter in your home so they have fewer places to hide</li> <li>Unpack directly into your washing machine after a trip and check your luggage carefully. When staying in hotels, put your suitcases on luggage racks instead of the floor. Check the mattress and headboard for signs of bed bugs.</li> </ul> <p>To get rid of bed bugs:</p> <ul> <li>Wash and dry bedding and clothing at high temperatures</li> <li>Use mattress, box spring, and pillow encasements to trap bed bugs and help detect infestations</li> <li>Use pesticides if needed</li> </ul> <p class="">Environmental Protection Agency</p> Injuries and Wounds Chinches de cama Bedbugs Spanish Insect Bites and Stings Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Start Here American Academy of Dermatology Images VisualDX Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors University of Minnesota Extension Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Environmental Protection Agency Find an Expert Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Treatments and Therapies Environmental Protection Agency Children Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Behcet's disease <p>Behcet's syndrome is a disease that involves <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html">vasculitis</a>, which is inflammation of the blood vessels. It causes problems in many parts of the body. The most common symptoms are:</p><ul> <li> Sores in the mouth</li> <li> Sores on the sex organs </li> <li> Other skin sores </li> <li> Swelling of parts of the eye</li> <li> Pain, swelling and stiffness of the joints </li> </ul> <p>More serious problems can include meningitis, blood clots, inflammation of the digestive system and blindness. </p> <p>Doctors aren't sure what causes Behcet's. It is rare in the United States, but is common in the Middle East and Asia. It mainly affects people in their 20s and 30s. Diagnosing Behcet's can take a long time, because symptoms may come and go, and it may take months or even years to have all of the symptoms. There is no cure. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and preventing serious problems. Most people can control symptoms with treatment.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Eyes and Vision Mouth and Teeth Skin, Hair and Nails Síndrome de Behcet Behcet Syndrome Spanish National Human Genome Research Institute Learn More Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Learn More National Cancer Institute NIH Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Learn More Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Journal Articles Learn More National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus <p>Bell's palsy is the most common cause of facial paralysis. It usually affects just one side of the face. Symptoms appear suddenly and are at their worst about 48 hours after they start. They can range from mild to severe and include:</p><ul> <li>Twitching</li> <li>Weakness</li> <li>Paralysis</li> <li>Drooping eyelid or corner of mouth</li> <li>Drooling</li> <li>Dry eye or mouth</li> <li>Excessive tearing in the eye</li> <li>Impaired ability to taste</li> </ul> <p>Scientists think that a viral infection makes the facial nerve swell or become inflamed. You are most likely to get Bell's palsy if you are pregnant, diabetic or sick with a cold or flu.</p> <p>Three out of four patients improve without treatment. With or without treatment, most people begin to get better within 2 weeks and recover completely within 3 to 6 months. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Parálisis de Bell Bell Palsy Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Neurology PDF Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology <p>Todos lo hemos escuchado muchas veces: El ejercicio regular es bueno para su salud y puede ayudarle a contolar su peso. Pero si usted es como muchos estadounidenses, pasa mucho tiempo ocupado, pasa demasiado tiempo sentado en su trabajo y no ha cambiado sus hábitos de ejercicio. La buena noticia es que nunca es demasiado tarde para empezar. Usted puede comenzar de a poco y encontrar maneras de hacer más actividad física en su vida. Para obtener el mayor beneficio, usted debe tratar de realizar la cantidad recomendada de actividad física para su edad. Si usted logra hacerlo, se sentirá mejor, puede ayudar a prevenir o controlar muchas enfermedades e incluso puede vivir más tiempo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los beneficios para la salud del ejercicio?</h3> <p>El ejercicio regular y la actividad física puede ayudar a:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Ayudar a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">controlar y mantener su peso</a>:</strong> Junto con la dieta, el ejercicio juega un papel importante en mantener un peso saludable y prevenir la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a>. Si tiene un peso saludable, puede mantenerlo si la cantidad de energía que usted gasta es igual a las calorías que usted come o bebe. Para perder peso, usted necesita quemar más calorías que las que consume</li><br/> <li><strong>Reducir el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html">enfermedades del corazón</a>:</strong> El ejercicio fortalece su corazón y mejora su circulación. El aumento del flujo sanguíneo eleva los niveles de oxígeno en su cuerpo. Esto ayuda a bajar el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a> como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> alto, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad arterial coronaria</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardiaco</a>. El ejercicio regular también puede bajar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a> los niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html">triglicéridos</a></li><br/> <li><strong>Controlar los niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">glucosa</a> (azúcar) en la sangre y de insulina de su cuerpo:</strong> El ejercicio puede bajar los niveles de glucosa en la sangre y ayudar a que su insulina funcione mejor. Esto puede reducir su riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html">síndrome metabólico</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>. Y si ya tiene una de estas afecciones, el ejercicio puede ayudarle a controlarla</li><br/> <li><strong>Ayudar a controlar una afección de salud crónica</strong>: Por ejemplo, la actividad física regular puede ayudar a reducir el dolor y mejorar la función en adultos con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">artritis</a>. También puede ayudar a realizar las actividades cotidianas de las personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html">discapacidad</a>. Esto puede ayudarles a ser más independientes</li><br/> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">Dejar de fumar</a></strong>: El ejercicio puede hacer más fácil dejar de fumar, reduciendo sus ansias y los síntomas de abstinencia. También puede ayudar a limitar el posible aumento de peso al dejar el cigarrillo</li><br/> <li><strong>Mejorar su salud mental y su estado de ánimo:</strong> Durante el ejercicio, su cuerpo libera sustancias químicas que pueden mejorar su estado de ánimo y hacerle sentir más relajado. Esto puede ayudarle a lidiar con el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a> controlar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a> y reducir su riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a></li><br/> <li><strong>Mantener sus habilidades de pensamiento, aprendizaje y juicio a medida que envejece:</strong> El ejercicio estimula su cuerpo a liberar proteínas y otros productos químicos que mejoran la estructura y función de su cerebro</li><br/> <li><strong>Fortalecer sus huesos y músculos:</strong> El ejercicio regular puede ayudar a hacer más fuertes los huesos de niños y adolescentes. Con los años, también puede disminuir la pérdida de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html">densidad ósea</a> relacionada a la edad. Hacer actividades de fortalecimiento muscular puede ayudarle a aumentar o mantener la masa muscular y la fuerza </li><br/> <li><strong>Reducir el riesgo de algunos tipos de cáncer:</strong> Incluyendo cáncer de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html">colon</a>, de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html">mama</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html">uterino</a> de vejiga, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html">esófago</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html">riñón</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html">estómago</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungcancer.html">pulmón</a>. Hay diferentes formas en que la actividad física puede reducir el riesgo de estos cánceres. Por ejemplo, puede fortalecer su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> y bajar la inflamación en su cuerpo. También ayuda a prevenir la obesidad, que es un factor de riesgo de muchos tipos de cáncer</li><br/> <li><strong>Reducir el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">caídas</a></strong>: Para los adultos mayores, hacer actividades de equilibrio y fortalecimiento muscular puede ayudar a disminuir el riesgo de caídas </li><br/> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Dormir mejor</a></strong>: El ejercicio puede ayudarle a conciliar el sueño más rápido y permanecer dormido más tiempo</li><br/> <li><strong>Mejorar su salud sexual</strong>: El ejercicio regular puede reducir el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html">disfunción eréctil</a> en los hombres. Para aquellos que ya tienen este problema, el ejercicio puede ayudar a mejorar su función sexual. En las mujeres, el ejercicio puede aumentar la excitación sexual</li><br/> <li><strong>Aumentar sus posibilidades de vivir más tiemp</strong>o: Los estudios muestran que la actividad física puede reducir el riesgo de morir prematuramente de las principales causas de muerte, como las enfermedades del corazón y algunos tipos de cáncer</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo hacer que el ejercicio sea parte de mi rutina regular?</h3> <p>Algunas sugerencias que le ayudarán a hacer que el ejercicio forme parte de su rutina habitual son:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Hacer más intensas sus actividades diarias:</strong> Incluso pequeños cambios pueden ayudar. Puede subir las escaleras en vez de usar el ascensor. Caminar a la oficina de un compañero de trabajo en vez de enviar un correo electrónico. Lave el auto usted mismo. Estacione su carro más lejos de su destino </li><br/> <li><strong>Estar activo con amigos y familiares:</strong> Tener un compañero de ejercicio puede hacer que usted pueda disfrutar más de la actividad física. Además, puede planificar actividades sociales que involucren hacer ejercicio. También puede considerar unirse a un grupo o clase, como una clase de baile, un club de senderismo o un equipo de vóleibol</li><br/> <li><strong>Mantener un registro de su progreso:</strong> Mantener un registro de su actividad o usar un monitor de actividad física puede ayudarle a establecer metas y permanecer motivado </li><br/> <li><strong>Entretenerse con el ejercicio:</strong> Intente escuchar música o ver televisión mientras hace ejercicio. Además, cambie las cosas un poco. Si solo hace un tipo de ejercicio puede que se aburra. Trate de hacer una combinación de actividades</li><br/> <li><strong>Encuentre actividades que puede hacer incluso con mal clima:</strong> Usted puede caminar en un centro comercial, subir escaleras, o hacer ejercicio en un gimnasio, incluso si el tiempo le impide salir </li><br/> <li><strong>Recuerde que un poco de actividad física es mejor que nada</strong>: ¡Haga lo que pueda! Incluso cinco minutos de actividad física brindan beneficios reales para la salud</li> </ul> Bienestar y estilo de vida Aptitud física y ejercicio Benefits of Exercise Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia <p>We have all heard it many times before -- regular exercise is good for you, and it can help you manage your weight. But if you are like many Americans, you are busy, you sit most of the day at your job, and you haven't yet changed your exercise habits. The good news is that it's never too late to start. You can start slowly, and find ways to fit more physical activity into your life. To get the most benefit, you should try to get the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">recommended amount of physical activity</a> for your age. If you can do that, the payoff is that you will feel better, may help prevent or control many diseases, and will likely even live longer. </p> <h3>What are the health benefits of exercise?</h3> <p>Regular exercise and physical activity may:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Help you <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">get to and stay at a healthy weight</a>.</strong> Along with diet, exercise plays an important role in maintaining a healthy weight and preventing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>. If you are at a healthy weight, you can maintain it if the calories you eat and drink are equal to the amount of energy you burn. To lose weight, you need to use more calories than you eat and drink.</li><br/> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">Reduce your risk of heart diseases.</a></strong> Exercise strengthens your heart and improves your circulation. The increased blood flow raises the oxygen levels in your body. This helps lower your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart diseases</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>. Regular exercise can also lower high <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">cholesterol</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html">triglyceride</a> levels, all of which are risk factors for heart disease. </li><br/> <li><strong>Help your body manage <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood glucose</a> (blood sugar) and insulin levels. </strong> Exercise can lower your blood glucose levels and help your insulin work better. This can reduce your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html">metabolic syndrome</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>. And if you already have one of these diseases, exercise can help you to manage it. </li><br/> <li><strong>Help you manage a chronic health condition.</strong> For example, regular physical activity may help reduce <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">pain</a> and improve function in adults with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">arthritis</a>. It can also help support daily living activities for people with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">disabilities</a>. This may help them to be more independent. </li><br/> <li><strong>Help you<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html"> quit smoking</a>. </strong> Exercise may make it easier to quit smoking by reducing your cravings and withdrawal symptoms. It can also help limit the weight you might gain when you stop smoking. </li><br/> <li><strong>Improve your mental health and mood. </strong> During exercise, your body releases chemicals that can improve your mood and make you feel more relaxed. This can help you deal with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>, manage <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, and reduce your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>. </li><br/> <li><strong>Help keep your thinking, learning, and judgment skills sharp as you age. </strong> Exercise stimulates your body to release proteins and other chemicals that improve the structure and function of your brain. </li><br/> <li><strong>Strengthen your bones and muscles. </strong> Regular exercise can help kids and teens build strong bones. Later in life, it can also slow the loss of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html">bone density</a> that comes with age. Doing muscle-strengthening activities can help you increase or maintain your muscle mass and strength. </li><br/> <li><strong>Reduce your risk of some cancers, </strong> including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html">colon</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html">breast</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html">uterine</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladdercancer.html">bladder</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html">esophageal</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycancer.html">kidney</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachcancer.html">stomach</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html">lung</a> cancer. There are different ways that physical activity may lower the risk of these cancers. For example, it can strengthen your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> and reduce inflammation in your body. It also helps prevent obesity, which is a risk factor for many cancers. </li><br/> <li><strong>Reduce your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">falls</a>. </strong> For older adults, doing balance and muscle-strengthening activities can help reduce your risk of falling. </li><br/> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">Improve your sleep.</a> </strong> Exercise can help you to fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer. </li><br/> <li><strong>Improve your sexual health. </strong> Regular exercise may lower the risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html">erectile dysfunction</a> (ED) in men. For those who already have ED, exercise may help improve their sexual function. In women, exercise may increase sexual arousal. </li><br/> <li><strong>Increase your chances of living longer. </strong> Studies show that physical activity can reduce your risk of dying early from the leading causes of death, like heart disease and certain cancers. </li> </ul> <h3>How can I make exercise a part of my regular routine?</h3> <p>Here are some tips to help you make exercise part of your regular routine:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Make everyday activities more active.</strong> Even small changes can help. You can take the stairs instead of the elevator. Walk down the hall to a coworker's office instead of sending an email. Wash the car yourself. Park further away from your destination. </li><br/> <li><strong>Be active with friends and family.</strong> Having a workout partner may make you more likely to enjoy exercise. You can also plan social activities that involve exercise. You might also consider joining an exercise group or class, such as a dance class, hiking club, or volleyball team. </li><br/> <li><strong>Keep track of your progress.</strong> Keeping a log of your activity or using a fitness tracker may help you set goals and stay motivated. </li><br/> <li><strong>Make exercise more fun.</strong> Try listening to music or watching TV while you exercise. Also, mix things up a little bit - if you stick with just one type of exercise, you might get bored. Try doing a combination of activities. </li><br/> <li><strong>Find activities that you can do even when the weather is bad.</strong> You can walk in a mall, climb stairs, or work out in a gym even if the weather stops you from exercising outside. </li><br/> <li><strong>Remember that some physical activity is better than none.</strong> Do what you can! Even 5 minutes of physical activity has real health benefits. </li> </ul> Wellness and Lifestyle Fitness and Exercise Beneficios del ejercicio Physical Fitness Spanish Exercise Benefits Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Journal Articles Learn More National Institute on Aging NIH Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Benign neoplasms Noncancerous tumors <p>Tumors are abnormal growths in your body. They can be either benign or malignant. Benign tumors aren't cancer. Malignant ones are. Benign tumors grow only in one place. They cannot spread or invade other parts of your body. Even so, they can be dangerous if they press on vital organs, such as your brain.</p> <p>Tumors are made up of extra cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to form new cells as your body needs them. When cells grow old, they die, and new cells take their place. Sometimes, this process goes wrong. New cells form when your body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. These extra cells can divide without stopping and may form a tumor.</p> <p>Treatment often involves surgery. Benign tumors usually don't grow back.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Tumores benignos Papilloma Fibroma Adenoma Myoma Lipoma Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Acoustic Neuroma Colonic Polyps Neurofibromatosis Tuberous Sclerosis Uterine Fibroids Adenoma Hemangioma Tumors, Benign Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Liver Foundation Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Children National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images VisualDX Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children Children's Craniofacial Association PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images VisualDX Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Women American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Images VisualDX Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children VisualDX Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Grief <p>Bereavement is the period of grief and mourning after a death. When you grieve, it's part of the normal process of reacting to a loss. You may experience grief as a mental, physical, social or emotional reaction. Mental reactions can include anger, guilt, anxiety, sadness and despair. Physical reactions can include sleeping problems, changes in appetite, physical problems or illness. </p> <p>How long bereavement lasts can depend on how close you were to the person who died, if the person's death was expected and other factors. Friends, family and faith may be sources of support. Grief counseling or grief therapy is also helpful to some people. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Mental Health and Behavior Social/Family Issues Pérdida de un ser querido Bereavement Japanese Spanish Spanish End of Life Issues Grief Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Hospice Foundation Start Here Mental Health America Children American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Compassionate Friends Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Cancer Society Older Adults Alzheimer's Association Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Children American Cancer Society Related Issues American Hospice Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Start Here American Cancer Society Related Issues American Hospice Foundation Related Issues American Hospice Foundation Cholangiocarcinoma <p>Your liver makes a digestive juice called bile. Your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladderdiseases.html">gallbladder</a> stores it between meals. When you eat, your gallbladder pushes the bile into tubes called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html">bile ducts</a>. They carry the bile to your small intestine. The bile helps break down fat. It also helps the liver get rid of toxins and wastes.</p> <p>Bile duct cancer is rare. It can happen in the parts of the bile ducts that are outside or inside the liver. Cancer of the bile duct outside of the liver is much more common. Risk factors include having inflammation of the bile duct, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html">ulcerative colitis</a>, and some liver diseases.</p> <p>Symptoms can include:</p><ul> <li>Jaundice</li> <li>Itchy skin</li> <li>Fever</li> <li>Abdominal pain</li> </ul> <p>Tests to diagnose bile duct cancer may include a physical exam, imaging tests of the liver and bile ducts, blood tests, and a biopsy.</p> <p>Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Digestive System Cáncer de los ductos biliares Bile Duct Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Bile Duct Diseases Gallbladder Cancer Cholangiocarcinoma Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Related Issues American Cancer Society Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society <p>Your liver makes a digestive juice called bile. Your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladderdiseases.html">gallbladder</a> stores it between meals. When you eat, your gallbladder pushes the bile into tubes called bile ducts. They carry the bile to your small intestine. The bile helps break down fat. It also helps the liver get rid of toxins and wastes.</p> <p>Different diseases can block the bile ducts and cause a problem with the flow of bile:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gallstones.html">Gallstones</a>, which can increase pressure in the gallbladder and cause a gallbladder attack. The pain usually lasts from one to several hours.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductcancer.html">Cancer</a></li> <li>Infections</li> <li>Birth defects, such as biliary atresia. It is the most common reason for liver transplants in children in the United States.</li> <li>Inflammation, which can cause scarring. Over time, this can lead to liver failure.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Enfermedades de los ductos biliares Bile Duct Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bile Duct Cancer Gallbladder Diseases Biliary Cirrhosis Biliary Tract Diseases Cholangitis Cholestasis Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Liver Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American College of Gastroenterology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Reference Desk Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics American Liver Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Treatments and Therapies American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Armas biológicas Terrorismo biológico <p>El terrorismo se refiere al uso o la amenaza de la fuerza o la violencia contra personas o propiedades. Un ataque bioterrorista lanza virus, bacterias u otros gérmenes para causar enfermedades o muertes. Estos gérmenes a menudo se encuentran en la naturaleza. Pero a veces pueden hacerse más peligrosos aumentando su capacidad para causar o diseminar enfermedades o para resistir el tratamiento médico. </p> <p>Los agentes biológicos se diseminan a través del aire, el agua o los alimentos. Algunos también pueden diseminarse de una persona a otra. Estos no causan enfermedad por varias horas o días. A los científicos les preocupa que el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anthrax.html">ántrax</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botulism.html">botulismo</a>, otros virus de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicfevers.html">fiebre hemorrágica</a> como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ebola.html">ébola</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plague.html">peste</a> o la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallpox.html">viruela</a>, puedan usarse como agentes biológicos.</p> <p>La biodefensa usa medidas médicas para proteger a las personas contra los agentes biológicos, incluyendo medicinas y vacunas. También incluye investigaciones y preparativos médicos para defenderse contra ataques bioterroristas.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Desastres Biodefense and Bioterrorism Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Botulismo Emergencias químicas Enfermedades infecciosas Enfrentarse con desastres Fiebres hemorrágicas Peste Preparativos y recuperación ante un desastre Vacunación Viruela Ántrax Ataques terroristas Desastres causados por el hombre Guerra bactereológica Terrorismo Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Spanish/Español Niños/as Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. <p>A bioterrorism attack is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs to cause illness or death. These germs are often found in nature. But they can sometimes be made more harmful by increasing their ability to cause disease, spread, or resist medical treatment.</p> <p>Biological agents spread through the air, water, or in food. Some can also spread from person to person. They can be very hard to detect. They don't cause illness for several hours or days. Scientists worry that <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anthrax.html">anthrax</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/botulism.html">botulism</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ebola.html">Ebola</a> and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicfevers.html">hemorrhagic fever</a> viruses, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plague.html">plague</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smallpox.html">smallpox</a> could be used as biological agents.</p> <p>Biodefense uses medical measures to protect people against bioterrorism. This includes medicines and vaccinations. It also includes medical research and preparations to defend against bioterrorist attacks.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Disasters Biodefensa y bioterrorismo Bioterrorism Biological Warfare Chemical Warfare Agents Chemical Warfare Amharic Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Ukrainian Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Anthrax Botulism Chemical Emergencies Coping with Disasters Disaster Preparation and Recovery Ebola Hemorrhagic Fevers Infectious Diseases Plague Smallpox Vaccines Biological Weapons Bioterrorism Germ Warfare Man-Made Disasters Terrorist Attacks Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Department of Homeland Security Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Department of Homeland Security Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Related Issues National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>Una biopsia es un procedimiento que extrae células o tejidos de su cuerpo. Un médico llamado patólogo examina las células o tejidos bajo un microscopio para verificar si hay daños o enfermedad. El patólogo también puede hacer otras pruebas a estas células. </p> <p>Las biopsias pueden tomarse de cualquier parte del cuerpo. En la mayoría de los casos, una biopsia es la única prueba que puede indicar con seguridad si un área sospechosa tiene cáncer. Pero las biopsias se realizan por muchas otras razones también.</p> <p> Hay diferentes tipos de biopsias. Una biopsia por punción extrae con una aguja el tejido desde el área comprometida. Otras biopsias que requieren cirugía. </p> Cánceres Pruebas de diagnóstico Biopsy Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Mujeres Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Mujeres Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>A biopsy is a procedure that removes cells or tissue from your body. A doctor called a pathologist looks at the cells or tissue under a microscope to check for damage or disease. The pathologist may also do other tests on it.</p> <p>Biopsies can be done on all parts of the body. In most cases, a biopsy is the only test that can tell for sure if a suspicious area is cancer. But biopsies are performed for many other reasons too.</p> <p>There are different types of biopsies. A needle biopsy removes tissue with a needle passed through your skin to the site of the problem. Other kinds of biopsies may require surgery.</p> Cancers Diagnostic Tests Biopsia Biopsy Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Cancer Society Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials College of American Pathologists Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition PDF Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Find an Expert Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Manic depression Manic-depressive illness <h3>What is bipolar disorder?</h3> <p>Bipolar disorder is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mooddisorders.html">mood disorder</a> that can cause intense mood swings:</p> <ul> <li>Sometimes you may feel extremely "up," elated, irritable, or energized. This is called a <strong>manic episode</strong>.</li> <li>Other times you may feel "down," sad, indifferent, or hopeless. This is called a <strong>depressive episode</strong>.</li> <li>You may have both manic and depressive symptoms together. This is called a <strong>mixed episode</strong>.</li> </ul> <p>Along with mood swings, bipolar disorder causes changes in behavior, energy levels, and activity levels.</p> <p>Bipolar disorder used to be called other names, including manic depression and manic-depressive disorder.</p> <h3>What are the types of bipolar disorder?</h3> <p>There are three main types of bipolar disorder:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Bipolar I disorder</strong> involves manic episodes that last at least 7 days or manic symptoms so severe that you need immediate hospital care. Depressive episodes are also common. Those often last at least two weeks. This type of bipolar disorder can also involve mixed episodes.</li> <li><strong>Bipolar II disorder</strong> involves depressive episodes. But instead of full-blown manic episodes, there are episodes of hypomania. Hypomania is a less severe version of mania.</li> <li><strong>Cyclothymic disorder</strong>, or cyclothymia, also involves hypomanic and depressive symptoms. But they are not as intense or as long-lasting as hypomanic or depressive episodes. The symptoms usually last for at least two years in adults and for one year in children and teenagers.</li> </ul> <p>With any of these types, having four or more episodes of mania or depression in a year is called "rapid cycling."</p> <h3>What causes bipolar disorder?</h3> <p>The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown. Several factors likely play a role in the disorder. They include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bipolar-disorder/">genetics</a>, brain structure and function, and your environment.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for bipolar disorder?</h3> <p>You are at higher risk for bipolar disorder if you have a close relative who has it. Going through trauma or stressful life events may raise this risk even more.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of bipolar disorder?</h3> <p>The symptoms of bipolar disorder can vary. But they involve mood swings known as mood episodes:</p> <ul> <li>The symptoms of a <strong>manic episode</strong> can include <ul> <li>Feeling very up, high, or elated</li> <li>Feeling jumpy or wired, more active than usual</li> <li>Having a very short temper or seeming extremely irritable</li> <li>Having racing thoughts and talking very fast</li> <li>Needing less sleep</li> <li>Feeling like you are unusually important, talented, or powerful</li> <li>Do risky things that show poor judgment, such as eating and drinking too much, spending or giving away a lot of money, or having reckless sex</li> </ul> </li> <li>The symptoms of a <strong>depressive episode</strong> can include <ul> <li>Feeling very sad, hopeless, or worthless</li> <li>Feeling lonely or isolating yourself from others</li> <li>Talking very slowly, feeling like you have nothing to say, or forgetting a lot</li> <li>Having little energy</li> <li>Sleeping too much</li> <li>Eating too much or too little</li> <li>Lack of interest in your usual activities and being unable to do even simple things</li> <li>Thinking about death or suicide</li> </ul> </li> <li>The symptoms of a <strong>mixed episode</strong> include both manic and depressive symptoms together. For example, you may feel very sad, empty, or hopeless, while at the same time feeling extremely energized.</li> </ul> <p>Some people with bipolar disorder may have milder symptoms. For example, you may have hypomania instead of mania. With hypomania, you may feel very good and find that you can get a lot done. You may not feel like anything is wrong. But your family and friends may notice your mood swings and changes in activity levels. They may realize that your behavior is unusual for you. After the hypomania, you might have severe depression.</p> <p>Your mood episodes may last a week or two or sometimes longer. During an episode, symptoms usually occur every day for most of the day.</p> <h3>How is bipolar disorder diagnosed?</h3> <p>To diagnose bipolar disorder, your health care provider may use many tools:</p> <ul> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>A medical history, which will include asking about your symptoms, lifetime history, experiences, and family history</li> <li>Medical tests to rule out other conditions</li> <li>A mental health evaluation. Your provider may do the evaluation or may refer you to a mental health specialist to get one.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for bipolar disorder?</h3> <p>Treatment can help many people, including those with the most severe forms of bipolar disorder. The main treatments for bipolar disorder include medicines, psychotherapy, or both:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> can help control the symptoms of bipolar disorder. You may need to try several different medicines to find which one works best for you. Some people need to take more than one medicine. It's important to take your medicine consistently. Don't stop taking it without first talking with your provider. Contact your provider if you have any concerns about side effects from the medicines.</li> <li><strong>Psychotherapy</strong> (talk therapy) can help you recognize and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. It can give you and your family support, education, skills, and coping strategies. There are several different types of psychotherapy that may help with bipolar disorder.</li> <li><strong>Other treatment options</strong> include: <ul> <li><strong>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT),</strong> a brain stimulation procedure that can help relieve symptoms. It uses a mild electric current and is done while you are under general anesthesia. ECT is most often used for severe bipolar disorder that is not getting better with other treatments. It may also be used when someone needs a treatment that will work more quickly than medicines. This might be when a person has a high risk of suicide or is catatonic (unresponsive).</li> <li><strong>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS),</strong> a brain stimulation procedure that uses magnetic waves to relieve depression. It is not as powerful as ECT, but with rTMS, you don't need general anesthesia. It also has a low risk of negative effects on your memory and thinking. </li><li><strong>Light therapy</strong> has been shown to be effective for seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Many people with bipolar disorder also find that their depression gets worse during certain seasons, usually in the fall and winter. Light therapy may help with their symptoms.</li> <li><strong>Healthy lifestyle changes,</strong> such as getting regular exercise, having a consistent sleep schedule, and keeping a mood journal, can also help with your symptoms.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Bipolar disorder is a lifelong illness. But long-term, ongoing treatment can help manage your symptoms and enable you to live a healthy, successful life.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health</p> Mental Health and Behavior Trastorno bipolar Bipolar Disorder Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Depression Bi-polar Disorder Manic-Depressive Illness Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mental Health America Teenagers Children National Institute of Mental Health NIH Teenagers National Institute of Mental Health PDF NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health Video NIH Clinical Trials Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Find an Expert Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Find an Expert NAMI Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Health Check Tools Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Find an Expert NAMI Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert American Psychological Association Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Specifics National Institute of Mental Health NIH Avian flu Avian influenza H5N1 H7N9 <h3>What is bird flu?</h3> <p>Birds, just like people, can get the flu. Another name for bird flu is avian influenza. The viruses that cause bird flu normally only infect birds, including chickens, other poultry, and wild birds such as ducks. But sometimes the viruses can infect other animals and, in rare cases, people.</p> <p>A few types of these viruses have caused most of the infections in people. They are the H5N1, H7N9, and H5N6 viruses. These infections in people have mainly been in Asia, Africa, Europe, the Pacific, and the Near East. Although it's very rare, there have also been some infections in people in the United States.</p> <h3>How do you get bird flu?</h3> <p>The most common ways you can get bird flu are from:</p> <ul> <li>Touching your eyes, nose, or mouth after handling infected live or dead birds</li> <li>Touching surfaces or handling items contaminated by bird flu viruses and then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth</li> <li>Breathing in droplets or dust contaminated with the virus</li> </ul> <p>It's also possible (but very rare) to get bird flu from:</p> <ul> <li>Another type of animal who has bird flu. Bird flu can also infect many other animals, including some dogs, cats, certain wild and zoo animals, and livestock such as cattle. These animals can then spread the flu to people.</li> <li>Another person.</li> <li>Eating poultry, eggs, and beef that were not properly handled and cooked.</li> <li>Drinking raw milk.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to get bird flu?</h3> <p>Certain people may be more likely to get bird flu, including:</p> <ul> <li>Poultry workers</li> <li>Animal handlers</li> <li>Wildlife biologists</li> <li>Disease control workers</li> <li>Research laboratory workers</li> <li>Veterinarians</li> <li>People who travel to countries where bird flu is present</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of bird flu in humans?</h3> <p>Sometimes bird flu doesn't cause any symptoms. But if you do feel sick, your symptoms can range from mild to severe. Often, the symptoms are similar to the (seasonal) <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a>, such as:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a> (but not everyone has a fever)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">Cough</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html">Sore throat</a></li> <li>Runny or stuffy nose</li> <li>Muscle or body aches</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headaches</a></li> <li>Eye redness (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html">conjunctivitis</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Trouble breathing</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> </ul> <p>People with severe illness from bird flu may have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a> and might need to be hospitalized.</p> <h3>How is bird flu diagnosed?</h3> <p>Laboratory testing is used to diagnose bird flu. It's usually done with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/">nasal or throat swab</a>. This testing is more accurate when the swab is collected during the first few days of illness.</p> <p>For people who are severely ill, health care providers may do testing of a different sample, such as fluid taken during a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/">bronchoalveolar lavage</a> or other procedure.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for bird flu?</h3> <p>Bird flu is treated with antiviral medicines. It's important to get them as soon as possible. The medicines may make your illness less severe.</p> <p>You may also be given antiviral medicines if you were exposed to a person or animal who has the virus. This may help prevent you from getting sick.</p> <h3>Can bird flu be prevented?</h3> <p>There is currently no vaccine available to the public. The government has developed a virus that is similar to some H5N1 viruses. The virus could be used to produce a vaccine for people, if needed.</p> <p>It's important to take precautions to prevent bird flu:</p> <ul> <li>If you have a job or pastime that puts you in contact with birds or other animals, make sure to use proper protective equipment.</li> <li>Otherwise try to avoid direct contact with wild birds and other animals.</li> <li>Wash your hands with soap and water after touching birds or other animals.</li> <li>Since it's possible to get bird flu through some foods, make sure to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html">handle and cook your food safely</a> and avoid raw milk.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Lungs and Breathing Gripe aviar Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype Influenza in Birds Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Animal Diseases and Your Health Flu Avian Influenza Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children American Academy of Pediatrics Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here World Health Organization Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert World Health Organization Contraception <h3>What is birth control?</h3> <p>Birth control, also known as contraception, is the use of medicines, devices, or surgery to prevent pregnancy. There are many different types. Some are reversible, while others are permanent. Some types can also help prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs).</p> <h3>What are the different types of birth control?</h3> <p>There are several different types of birth control, and they work in different ways:</p> <table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="90%"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2">Barrier methods</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Male condom</td> <td>A thin sheath that covers the penis to collect sperm and prevent it from entering the woman's body. Condoms that are made of latex and polyurethane can help prevent STIs.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Female condom</td> <td>A thin, flexible plastic pouch. Part of the condom is inserted into the vagina before intercourse to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. The uterus, or womb, is the place where the baby grows during pregnancy. Female condoms can also help prevent STIs.</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Contraceptive sponge</td> <td>A small sponge that you put into the vagina to cover the cervix (the opening of the uterus). The sponge also contains a spermicide to kill sperm.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Spermicide</td> <td>A substance that can kill sperm cells. It comes in a foam, jelly, cream, suppository, or film. You put it into the vagina near the uterus. Spermicide can be used alone or with a diaphragm or cervical cap.</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Diaphragm and cervical cap</td> <td>Cups that are placed inside the vagina to cover the cervix. They may be used with spermicide. They come in different sizes, so it's important to see your health care provider to figure out which size works best for you.</td> </tr> </tbody> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2">Hormonal methods</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Oral contraceptives ("the pill")</td> <td>Pills that a woman takes every day. They may contain only progestin or both progestin and estrogen.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Contraceptive patch</td> <td>A patch that a woman puts on her skin each week. The patch releases hormones into the bloodstream.</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Vaginal ring</td> <td>A thin, flexible ring. The woman inserts the ring into the vagina, where it continually releases hormones for three weeks. She takes it out for the fourth week. After that week, she puts in a new ring.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Injectable birth control</td> <td>An injection of a hormone that a woman gets once every three months. This is done in your provider's office.</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Implant</td> <td>A single, thin rod that a provider inserts under the skin of a women's upper arm. It is done in your provider's office. The implant can last for four years.</td> </tr> </tbody> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2">Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Intrauterine device (IUD)</td> <td>A small, T-shaped device that a provider inserts into the uterus. This is done in the provider's office. IUDs can last from 3 to 10 years. There are two types: hormonal IUDs and copper IUDs.</td> </tr> </tbody> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2">Sterilization</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tuballigation.html">Tubal ligation</a></td> <td>A surgery that prevents a woman from getting pregnant. It is permanent.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasectomy.html">Vasectomy</a></td> <td>A surgery that prevents a man from getting someone pregnant. It is permanent.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <h3>What are some other forms of pregnancy prevention? </h3> <p>There are some types of pregnancy prevention that do not involve medicines, devices, or surgery:</p> <table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="90%"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2">Other forms of pregnancy prevention</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody><tr class="r1"> <td>Fertility awareness-based methods</td> <td>They are also called natural rhythm methods. They involve tracking the woman's fertility cycle and avoiding sex or using barrier methods on the days when she is most likely to get pregnant. This method may have higher pregnancy rates than other types.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM)</td> <td>A form of natural birth control for breastfeeding mothers. It relies on the new mother feeding her baby only breastmilk for up to six months and having no periods or spotting during that time.</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Withdrawal</td> <td>During intercourse, the penis is pulled out of the vagina before ejaculation. The goal is to keep sperm from entering the vagina . But the sperm can leak out before the penis is pulled out, so this method has higher pregnancy rates than other types.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <h3>What is emergency contraception? </h3><p>Emergency contraception is not a regular method of birth control. But it can be used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or if a condom breaks. There are two types:</p><ul> <li>Copper IUD, which is a small, T-shaped device that a provider inserts into the within 120 hours of unprotected intercourse.</li> <li>Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), which are hormonal pills which the woman takes as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse.</li> </ul><h3>What else should I know about birth control?</h3><p>When deciding which birth control type is right for you, there are many different factors to consider:</p><ul> <li>Do you want to have children someday? How soon?</li> <li>Do you have any health conditions?</li> <li>How often do you have sex?</li> <li>How many sex partners do you have?</li> <li>Do you also need protection from HIV and other STIs?</li> <li>How well does the birth control method work?</li> <li>Are there any side effects?</li> <li>Will you be able to use it correctly every time?</li> <li>How much does it cost?</li> </ul><p>Your provider can answer your questions about birth control to help you select the best type for you.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p><table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="90%"> </table> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Men Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Control de la natalidad y contracepción Family Planning Services Contraception Amharic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Portuguese Russian Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Teen Sexual Health Tubal Ligation Vasectomy Contraception Family Planning IUD Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Start Here Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Infographic Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Teenagers Nemours Foundation Men Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Easy-to-Read Infographic Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Specifics Department of Health and Human Services Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Society for Reproductive Medicine Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Journal Articles Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <h3>What are birth defects?</h3> <p>A birth defect is a problem that happens while a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">baby is developing</a> in the mother's body. Most birth defects happen during the first 3 months of pregnancy. One out of every 33 babies in the United States is born with a birth defect.</p> <p>A birth defect may affect how the body looks, works, or both. Some birth defects like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html">cleft lip</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html">neural tube defects</a> are structural problems that can be easy to see. Others, like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, are found using special tests. Birth defects can range from mild to severe. How a birth defect affects a child's life depends mostly on which organ or body part is involved and how severe the defect is.</p> <h3>What causes birth defects?</h3> <p>For some birth defects, researchers know the cause. But for many birth defects, the exact cause is unknown. Researchers think that most birth defects are caused by a complex mix of factors, which can include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Genetics.</strong> One or more genes might have a change or mutation that prevents them from working properly. For example, this happens in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fragilexsyndrome.html">Fragile X syndrome</a>. With some defects, a gene or part of the gene might be missing.</li> <li><strong>Chromosomal problems.</strong> In some cases, a chromosome or part of a chromosome might be missing. This is what happens in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/turnersyndrome.html">Turner syndrome</a>. In other cases, such as with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html">Down syndrome</a>, the child has an extra chromosome. </li> <li><strong>Exposures to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html">medicines</a>, chemicals, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reproductivehazards.html">other toxic substances</a>.</strong> For example, alcohol misuse can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html">fetal alcohol spectrum disorders</a>.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">Infections during pregnancy</a>.</strong> For example, infection with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html">Zika virus</a> during pregnancy can cause a serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html">defect in the brain</a>.</li> <li><strong>Lack of certain nutrients.</strong> Not getting enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html">folic acid</a> before and during pregnancy is a key factor in causing neural tube defects.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk of having a baby with birth defects?</h3> <p>Certain factors may increase the chances of having a baby with a birth defect, such as:</p><ul> <li>Smoking, drinking alcohol, or taking certain "street" drugs <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">during pregnancy</a></li> <li>Having certain medical conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a> or uncontrolled <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, before and during pregnancy</li> <li>Taking certain medicines</li> <li>Having someone in your family with a birth defect. To learn more about your risk of having a baby with a birth defect, you can talk with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticcounseling.html">genetic counselor</a>,</li> <li>Being an older mother, typically over the age of 34 years</li> </ul> <h3>How are birth defects diagnosed?</h3> <p>Health care providers can diagnose some birth defects during pregnancy, using <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html">prenatal testing</a>. That's why it important to get regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">prenatal care</a>.</p> <p>Other birth defects may not be found until after the baby is born. Providers may find them through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">newborn screening</a>. Some defects, such as club foot, are obvious right away. Other times, the health care provider may not discover a defect until later in life, when the child has symptoms.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for birth defects?</h3> <p>Children with birth defects often need special care and treatments. Because the symptoms and problems caused by birth defects vary, the treatments also vary. Possible treatments may include surgery, medicines, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html">assistive devices</a>, physical therapy, and speech therapy.</p> <p>Often, children with birth defects need a variety of services and may need to see several specialists. The primary health care provider can coordinate the special care that the child needs.</p> <h3>Can birth defects be prevented?</h3> <p>Not all birth defects can be prevented. But there are things you can do before and during pregnancy to increase your chance of having a healthy baby:</p><ul> <li>Start prenatal care as soon as you think you might be pregnant, and see your health care provider regularly during pregnancy</li> <li>Get 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day. If possible, you should start taking it at least one month before you get pregnant.</li> <li>Don't drink alcohol, smoke, or use "street" drugs</li> <li>Talk to your health care provider about any medicines you are taking or thinking about taking. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, as well as dietary or herbal supplements.</li> <li>Learn how to prevent infections during pregnancy</li> <li>If you have any medical conditions, try to get them under control before you get pregnant</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Genetics/Birth Defects Defectos congénitos Congenital Abnormalities Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Brain Malformations Chiari Malformation Cleft Lip and Palate Congenital Heart Defects Craniofacial Abnormalities Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Fetal Health and Development Genetic Brain Disorders Genetic Disorders Genetic Testing Neural Tube Defects Prenatal Testing Abnormalities Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Living With Nemours Foundation Easy-to-Read Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Foundation Fighting Blindness Start Here Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors March of Dimes Foundation Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Easy-to-Read NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues March of Dimes Foundation Video Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Reference Desk National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation <h3>What is birth weight?</h3> <p>Birth weight is the first weight of your baby, taken just after being born. A low birth weight means that the baby is less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces. A high birth weight means that the baby is more than 8 pounds, 13 ounces.</p> <h3>What can cause low birth weight?</h3> <p>A baby with a low birth weight can be born too small, too early (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html">premature</a>), or both. This can happen for many different reasons. They include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">Health problems in the pregnant parent</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html">Taking certain medicines during pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">Substance use during pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">Infections during pregnancy</a></li> <li>Being pregnant with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html">multiple babies</a></li> <li>Problems with the placenta, the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to the baby</li> <li>Having small parents</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">Genetic conditions</a> in the baby</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">Birth defects</a></li> </ul> <h3>What problems can low birth weight cause?</h3> <p>Babies with low birth weight may be more at risk of certain health problems. They include immediate problems, such as:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Breathing problems</a></li> <li>Infections</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypoglycemia.html">Hypoglycemia</a> (low blood sugar)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html">Jaundice</a></li> <li>Trouble keeping warm</li> </ul> <p>There is also a higher risk of longer-term problems, including:</p> <ul> <li>Delayed motor and social development</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html">Learning disabilities</a></li> <li>Certain health conditions as an adult, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> </ul> <h3>What can cause high birth weight?</h3> <p>Causes of high birth weight can include:</p> <ul> <li>Having big parents</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html">Diabetes in the pregnant parent</a></li> <li>Certain genetic conditions</li> <li>Too much weight gain during pregnancy</li> </ul> <h3>What problems can high birth weight cause?</h3> <p>High birth weight can be a concern because it can make delivery of the baby difficult and raise the risk of birth injuries. The baby is at higher risk of problems with:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">Blood sugar</a></li> <li>Breathing problems</li> <li>Jaundice</li> </ul> <h3>Can birth weight problems be prevented?</h3> <p>You may be able to prevent some birth weight problems by:</p> <ul> <li>Getting regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">checkups during pregnancy</a></li> <li>Getting the right amount of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html">nutrition</a> and calories during pregnancy</li> <li>Controlling your blood sugar if you have diabetes</li> <li>Avoiding substance use during pregnancy</li> </ul> Children and Teenagers Pregnancy and Reproduction Peso del bebé al nacer Birth Weight Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Health and Development Premature Babies Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems Large for Gestational Age Low Birth Weight Small for Gestational Age Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here Nemours Foundation Cafe au lait spot Hemangioma Mongolian spot Nevus Strawberry mark <p>Birthmarks are abnormalities of the skin that are present when a baby is born. There are two types of birthmarks. Vascular birthmarks are made up of blood vessels that haven't formed correctly. They are usually red. Two types of vascular birthmarks are hemangiomas and port-wine stains. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinpigmentationdisorders.html">Pigmented</a> birthmarks are made of a cluster of pigment cells which cause color in skin. They can be many different colors, from tan to brown, gray to black, or even blue. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/moles.html">Moles</a> can be birthmarks.</p> <p>No one knows what causes many types of birthmarks, but some run in families. Your baby's doctor will look at the birthmark to see if it needs any treatment or if it should be watched. Pigmented birthmarks aren't usually treated, except for moles. Treatment for vascular birthmarks includes laser surgery. </p> <p>Most birthmarks are not serious, and some go away on their own. Some stay the same or get worse as you get older. Usually birthmarks are only a concern for your appearance. But certain types can increase your risk of skin cancer. If your birthmark bleeds, hurts, itches, or becomes infected, call your health care provider.</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Manchas de nacimiento Nevus Hemangioma Spanish Moles Hemangioma Nevus Start Here Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here VisualDX Specifics American Academy of Dermatology Images VisualDX Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Children's Craniofacial Association PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Children Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Specifics Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Specifics Nevus Outreach, Inc. Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Children Nemours Foundation <p>Every racial or ethnic group has specific health concerns. Differences in the health of groups can result from:</p><ul> <li>Genetics</li> <li>Environmental factors</li> <li>Access to care</li> <li>Cultural factors</li> </ul> <p> On this page, you'll find links to health issues that affect Black and African Americans.</p> Population Groups Salud de los afroamericanos Black or African American Spanish National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Glaucoma Research Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Dermatology Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Specifics American Heart Association Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Specifics American Heart Association Specifics National Multiple Sclerosis Society PDF Specifics Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Find an Expert National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute PDF NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Women National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>The bladder is a hollow organ in your lower abdomen that stores urine. Bladder cancer occurs in the lining of the bladder. It is the sixth most common type of cancer in the United States.</p> <p>Symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Blood in your urine</li> <li>A frequent urge to urinate</li> <li>Pain when you urinate</li> <li>Low back pain</li> </ul> <p>Risk factors for developing bladder cancer include smoking and exposure to certain chemicals in the workplace. People with a family history of bladder cancer or who are older, White, or male have a higher risk.</p> <p>Treatments for bladder cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and biologic therapy. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Kidneys and Urinary System Cáncer de vejiga Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Bladder Diseases Urinary Bladder Cancer Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Symptoms National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society <p>The bladder is a hollow organ in your lower abdomen that stores urine. Many conditions can affect your bladder. Some common ones are:</p><ul> <li>Cystitis - inflammation of the bladder, often from an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html">infection</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html">Urinary incontinence</a> - loss of bladder control</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html">Overactive bladder</a> - a condition in which the bladder squeezes urine out at the wrong time</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitialcystitis.html">Interstitial cystitis</a> - a chronic problem that causes bladder pain and frequent, urgent urination</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladdercancer.html">Bladder cancer</a></li> </ul> <p>Doctors diagnose bladder diseases using different tests. These include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html">urine tests</a>, x-rays, and an examination of the bladder wall with a scope called a cystoscope. Treatment depends on the cause of the problem. It may include medicines and, in severe cases, surgery. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Enfermedades de la vejiga Urinary Bladder Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bladder Cancer Interstitial Cystitis Overactive Bladder Pelvic Floor Disorders Ureteral Disorders Urethral Disorders Urinary Incontinence Urinary Tract Infections Urine and Urination Neurogenic Bladder Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Hematoma Hemorrhage <p>Bleeding is the loss of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html">blood</a>. It can be external, or outside the body, like when you get a cut or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html">wound</a>. It can also be internal, or inside the body, like when you have an injury to an internal organ. Some bleeding, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">gastrointestinal bleeding</a>, coughing up blood, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html">vaginal bleeding</a>, can be a symptom of a disease.</p> <p>Normally, when you are injured and start bleeding, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clot</a> forms to stop the bleeding quickly. Afterwards, the clot dissolves naturally. To be able to make a clot, your blood needs blood proteins called clotting factors and a type of blood cell called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html">platelets</a>. Some people have a problem with clotting, due to another medical condition or an inherited disease. There are two types of problems:</p> <ul> <li>Your blood may not form clots normally, known as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html">bleeding disorder</a>. This happens when your body does not make enough platelets or clotting factors, or they don't work the way they should.</li> <li>Your blood may make too many clots, or the clots may not dissolve properly</li> </ul> <p>Sometimes bleeding can cause other problems. A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html">bruise</a> is bleeding under the skin. Some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html">strokes</a> are caused by bleeding in the brain. Severe bleeding may require <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/firstaid.html">first aid</a> or a trip to the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emergencymedicalservices.html">emergency room</a>.</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Injuries and Wounds Symptoms Hemorragia Hemorrhage Spanish Bleeding Disorders Blood Disorders Gastrointestinal Bleeding Platelet Disorders Vaginal Bleeding Hematoma Hemorrhage Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society of Hematology Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk American Society of Hematology Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Clotting disorders <p>Normally, if you get hurt, your body forms a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clot</a> to stop the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html">bleeding</a>. For blood to clot, your body needs cells called platelets and proteins known as clotting factors. If you have a bleeding disorder, you either do not have enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html">platelets</a> or clotting factors or they don't work the way they should. </p> <p>Bleeding disorders can be the result of other diseases, such as severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver disease</a> or a lack of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamink.html">vitamin K</a>. They can also be inherited. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemophilia.html">Hemophilia</a> is an inherited bleeding disorder. Bleeding disorders can also be a side effect of medicines such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">blood thinners</a>.</p> <p>Various blood tests can check for a bleeding disorder. You will also have a physical exam and history. Treatments depend on the cause. They may include medicines and transfusions of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">blood</a>, platelets, or clotting factor.</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Problemas de coagulación Blood Coagulation Disorders Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bleeding Blood Blood Clots Blood Thinners Hemophilia Blood Coagulation Disorders Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Video Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society of Hematology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Specifics World Federation of Hemophilia Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Bulla Vesicle <h3>What are blisters?</h3> <p>Blisters are fluid-filled sacs on the outer layer of your skin. They form because of rubbing, heat, or diseases of the skin. They are most common on your hands and feet.</p> <p>Other names for blisters are vesicles (usually for smaller blisters) and bulla (for larger blisters).</p> <h3>What causes blisters?</h3> <p>Blisters often happen when there is friction - rubbing or pressure - on one spot. For example, if your shoes don't fit quite right and they keep rubbing part of your foot. Or if you don't wear gloves when you rake leaves and the handle keeps rubbing against your hand. Other causes of blisters include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">Sunburn</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/frostbite.html">Frostbite</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html">Eczema</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">Allergic reactions</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/poisonivyoakandsumac.html">Poison ivy, oak, and sumac</a></li> <li>Autoimmune diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pemphigus.html">pemphigus</a></li> <li>Epidermolysis bullosa, an illness that causes the skin to be fragile</li> <li>Viral infections such as varicella zoster (which causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chickenpox.html">chickenpox</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html">shingles</a>) and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html">herpes simplex</a> (which causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldsores.html">cold sores</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html">Skin infections</a> including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html">impetigo</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for blisters?</h3> <p>Blisters will usually heal on their own. The skin over the blister helps keep out infections. You can put a bandage on the blister to keep it clean. Make sure that there is no more rubbing or friction on the blister.</p> <p>You should contact your health care provider if:</p><ul> <li>The blister looks infected - if it is draining pus, or the area around the blister is red, swollen, warm, or very painful</li> <li>You have a fever</li> <li>You have several blisters, especially if you cannot figure out what is causing them</li> <li>You have health problems such as circulation problems or diabetes</li> </ul> <p>Normally you don't want to drain a blister, because of the risk of infection. But if a blister is large, painful, or looks like it will pop on its own, you can drain the fluid.</p> <h3>Can blisters be prevented?</h3> <p>There are some things you can do to prevent friction blisters:</p><ul> <li>Make sure that your shoes fit properly</li> <li>Always wear socks with your shoes, and make sure that the socks fit well. You may want to wear socks that are acrylic or nylon, so they keep moisture away from your feet.</li> <li>Wear gloves or protective gear on your hands when you use any tools or sports equipment that cause friction.</li> </ul> Skin, Hair and Nails Ampollas Blister Spanish Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More VisualDX Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More American Academy of Dermatology Journal Articles Learn More Medical Encyclopedia <p>Your blood is made up of liquid and solids. The liquid part, called plasma, is made of water, salts, and protein. Over half of your blood is plasma. The solid part of your blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.</p> <p>Red blood cells (RBC) deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs. White blood cells (WBC) fight infection and are part of your immune system. Platelets help blood to clot when you have a cut or wound. Bone marrow, the spongy material inside your bones, makes new blood cells. Blood cells constantly die and your body makes new ones. Red blood cells live about 120 days, and platelets live about 6 days. Some white blood cells live less than a day, but others live much longer.</p> <p>There are four blood types: A, B, AB, or O. Also, blood is either Rh-positive or Rh-negative. So if you have type A blood, it's either A positive or A negative. Which type you are is important if you need a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">blood transfusion</a>. And your Rh factor could be important if you become pregnant - an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rhincompatibility.html">incompatibility</a> between your type and the baby's could create problems. </p> <p>Blood tests such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">blood count tests</a> help doctors check for certain diseases and conditions. They also help check the function of your organs and show how well treatments are working. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html">Problems with your blood</a> may include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html">bleeding disorders</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">excessive clotting</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html">platelet disorders</a>. If you lose too much blood, you may need a transfusion.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Sangre Blood Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bleeding Bleeding Disorders Blood Clots Blood Count Tests Blood Disorders Blood Transfusion and Donation Platelet Disorders Rh Incompatibility ABO Blood Groups Blood Cells Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk Merck & Co., Inc. Teenagers Nemours Foundation Video Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here American Society of Hematology Start Here America's Blood Centers Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Red Cross Specifics American Red Cross Find an Expert American Society of Hematology Reference Desk American Society of Hematology Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Test Your Knowledge Nobel Foundation Journal Articles Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Video Hypercoagulability <h3>What is a blood clot?</h3> <p>A blood clot is a mass of blood that forms when <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html">platelets</a>, proteins, and cells in the blood stick together. When you get hurt, your body forms a blood clot to stop the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html">bleeding</a>. After the bleeding stops and healing takes place, your body usually breaks down and removes the blood clot. But sometimes the blood clots form where they shouldn't, your body makes too many blood clots or abnormal blood clots, or the blood clots don't break down like they should. These blood clots can be dangerous and may cause other health problems.</p> <p>Blood clots can form in, or travel to, the blood vessels in the limbs, lungs, brain, heart, and kidneys. The types of problems blood clots can cause will depend on where they are:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/deepveinthrombosis.html">Deep vein thrombosis</a> (DVT) is a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the lower leg, thigh, or pelvis. It can block a vein and cause damage to your leg.</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html">pulmonary embolism</a> (PE) can happen when a DVT breaks off and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs. A PE, especially if it is large, can damage your lungs and prevent your other organs from getting enough oxygen.</li> <li>Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare blood clot in the venous sinuses in your brain. Normally the venous sinuses drain blood from your brain. CVST blocks the blood from draining and can cause a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html">hemorrhagic stroke</a>.</li> <li>Blood clots in other parts of the body can cause problems such as an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html">ischemic stroke</a>, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney problems</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html">kidney failure</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">pregnancy-related problems</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop blood clots?</h3> <p>Certain factors can raise your risk of developing blood clots:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">Atherosclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html">Atrial fibrillation</a></li> <li>Being overweight or having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li>Cancer and cancer treatments</li> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic disorders</a></li> <li>Certain surgeries</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li>Family history of blood clots</li> <li>Overweight and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">Pregnancy</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html">giving birth</a></li> <li>Serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html">injuries</a></li> <li>Some medicines, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth control pills</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a></li> <li>Staying in one position for a long time, such as being in the hospital or taking a long car or plane ride</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of blood clots?</h3> <p>The symptoms for blood clots can be different, depending on where the blood clot is:</p><ul> <li>In the abdomen: <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">Abdominal pain</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea and vomiting</a></li> <li>In an arm or leg: Sudden or gradual pain, swelling, tenderness, and warmth</li> <li>In the lungs: Shortness of breath, pain with deep breathing, rapid breathing, and increased heart rate</li> <li>In the brain: <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">Trouble speaking</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">vision problems</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">seizures</a>, weakness on one side of the body, and sudden severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">headache</a></li> <li>In the heart: <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a>, sweating, shortness of breath, and pain in the left arm</li> </ul> <h3>How are blood clots diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have one or more blood clots, your health care provider: </p><ul> <li>Will do a physical exam.</li> <li>Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms.</li> <li>May order blood tests, including a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/d-dimer-test/">D-dimer test</a>.</li> <li>May order <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>, such as <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">Ultrasound</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">X-rays</a> of the veins (venography) or blood vessels (angiography) that are taken after you get an injection of special dye. The dye shows up on the x-ray and allows the provider to see how the blood flows.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT Scan</a>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for blood clots?</h3> <p>Treatments for blood clots depend on where the blood clot is located and how severe it is. Treatments may include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">Blood thinners</a>.</li> <li>Other medicines, including thrombolytics. Thrombolytics are medicines that dissolve blood clots. They are usually used where the blood clots are severe.</li> <li>Surgery and other procedures to remove the blood clots</li> </ul> <h3>Can blood clots be prevented?</h3> <p>You may be able to help prevent blood clots by:</p><ul> <li>Moving around as soon as possible after having been confined to your bed, such as after surgery, illness, or injury</li> <li>Getting up and moving around every few hours when you have to sit for long periods of time, for example if you are on a long flight or car trip</li> <li>Wearing compression stockings after surgery or during a long flight</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Regular physical activity</a></li> <li>Not smoking</li> <li>Staying at a healthy weight</li> </ul> <p>Some people at high risk may need to take blood thinners to prevent blood clots.</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Coágulos sanguíneos Thrombosis Spanish Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bleeding Disorders Deep Vein Thrombosis Platelet Disorders Pulmonary Embolism Thrombophlebitis Venous Thrombosis NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Society of Hematology Video Women March of Dimes Foundation Video Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Johns Hopkins Medicine Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society of Hematology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Video NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Easy-to-Read Infographic Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Heart Association Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CBC Complete Blood Count Hematologic Tests <p>Your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html">blood</a> contains red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets. Blood count tests measure the number and types of cells in your blood. This helps doctors check on your overall health. The tests can also help to diagnose diseases and conditions such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>, infections, clotting problems, blood cancers, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system disorders</a>.</p> <p>Specific types include tests for:</p><ul> <li>RBC - the numbers, size, and types of RBC in the blood</li> <li>WBC - the numbers and types of WBC in the blood</li> <li>Platelets - the numbers and size of the platelets</li> <li>Hemoglobin - an iron-rich protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen</li> <li>Hematocrit - how much space red blood cells take up in your blood</li> <li>Reticulocyte count - how many young red blood cells are in your blood</li> <li>Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) - the average size of your red blood cells</li> </ul> <p>The complete blood count (CBC) includes most or all of these. The CBC is one of the most common blood tests.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Análisis de sangre Blood Cell Count Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bleeding Disorders Blood Laboratory Tests Blood Cells Blood Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Hematologic diseases <p>Your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html">blood</a> is living tissue made up of liquid and solids. The liquid part, called plasma, is made of water, salts and protein. Over half of your blood is plasma. The solid part of your blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.</p> <p>Blood disorders affect one or more parts of the blood and prevent your blood from doing its job. They can be acute or chronic. Many blood disorders are inherited. Other causes include other diseases, side effects of medicines, and a lack of certain nutrients in your diet.</p> <p>Types of blood disorders include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html">Platelet disorders</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">excessive clotting</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html">bleeding problems</a>, which affect how your blood clots</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">Anemia</a>, which happens when your blood does not carry enough oxygen to the rest of your body</li> <li>Cancers of the blood, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html">leukemia</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplemyeloma.html">myeloma</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicdisorders.html">Eosinophilic disorders</a>, which are problems with one type of white blood cell.</li> </ul> Blood, Heart and Circulation Problemas de la sangre Hematologic Diseases Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Anemia Bleeding Disorders Blood Blood Clots Blood Count Tests Blood Transfusion and Donation Childhood Leukemia Eosinophilic Disorders Hemochromatosis Hemophilia Leukemia Rh Incompatibility Thalassemia Hematologic Disorders Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Society of Hematology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk American Society of Hematology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Lupus Foundation of America Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Johns Hopkins Medicine Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Blood sugar <h3>What is blood glucose?</h3> <p>Blood glucose, or blood sugar, is the main sugar found in your blood. It is your body's primary source of energy. It comes from the food you eat. Your body breaks down most of that food into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream. When your blood glucose goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to be used for energy.</p> <h3>What is diabetes?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a> is a disease in which your blood glucose levels are too high. When you have diabetes, your body doesn't make enough insulin, can't use it as well as it should, or both. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells. Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html">health problems</a> (diabetes complications). So if you have diabetes, it's important to keep your blood glucose levels within your target range. </p><h3>What are blood glucose targets?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes, your blood glucose target is the range you try to reach as much as possible. The typical targets are:</p> <ul> <li>Before a meal: 80 to 130 mg/dL</li> <li>Two hours after the start of a meal: Less than 180 mg/dL</li> </ul> <p>Your blood glucose targets may be different, depending on your age, any additional health problems you have, and other factors. Talk with your health care team about the best target range for you.</p> <h3>When and how should I check my blood glucose?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes, you'll likely need to check your blood glucose every day to make sure that your blood glucose numbers are in your target range. Some people may need to check their blood glucose several times a day. Ask your health care team how often you need to check it.</p> <p>The most common way to check your blood glucose level at home is with a blood glucose meter. A blood glucose meter measures the amount of glucose in a small sample of blood, usually from your fingertip.</p> <p>Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is another way to check your glucose levels. Most CGM systems use a tiny sensor that is inserted under your skin. The sensor measures your glucose level every few minutes. It can show changes in your glucose level throughout the day and night. A CGM system is especially useful for people who take insulin and have problems with low blood glucose.</p> <p>Your provider will also check your blood glucose with a blood test called an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html">A1C</a>. It checks your average blood glucose level over the past three months. People with diabetes usually have an A1C test at least twice a year. But you may need the test more often if you aren't meeting your diabetes treatment goals.</p> <h3>What happens if my blood glucose level becomes too high?</h3> <p>High blood glucose is called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperglycemia.html">hyperglycemia</a>. Symptoms that your blood glucose levels may be too high include:</p> <ul> <li>Feeling thirsty</li> <li>Feeling tired or weak</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headaches</a></li> <li>Urinating (peeing) often</li> <li>Blurred vision</li> </ul> <p>If you often have high blood glucose levels or symptoms of high blood glucose, talk with your health care team. You may need a change in your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html">diabetes meal plan</a>, physical activity plan, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html">diabetes medicines</a>.</p> <p>High blood glucose may also be caused by other conditions that can affect insulin or glucose levels in your blood. These conditions include problems with your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html">pancreas</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html">adrenal glands</a>.</p> <h3>What happens if my blood glucose level becomes low for me?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypoglycemia.html">Hypoglycemia</a>, also called low blood glucose, happens when your blood glucose level drops below what is healthy for you. For many people with diabetes, this means a blood glucose reading lower than 70 mg/dL. Your number might be different, so check with your health care team to find out what blood glucose level is low for you.</p> <p>Symptoms of low blood glucose tend to come on quickly. The symptoms can be different for everyone, but they may include:</p> <ul> <li>Shaking</li> <li>Sweating</li> <li>Nervousness or anxiety</li> <li>Irritability or confusion</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a></li> <li>Hunger</li> </ul> <p>Low blood glucose levels can be common in people with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1 diabetes</a> and people with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a> who take certain diabetes medicines. If you think you may have low blood glucose, check your level, even if you don't have symptoms. Low blood glucose can be dangerous and should be treated as soon as possible.</p> <p>Although it's rare, you can still get low blood glucose without having diabetes. The causes can include conditions such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney disease</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormone</a> deficiencies (lack of certain hormones). Some medicines, such as certain heart medicines and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>, can also cause it. See your provider to find out the cause of your low blood glucose and how to treat it.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Endocrine System Metabolic Problems Diabetes Mellitus Glucosa en la sangre Blood Glucose Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases A1C Carbohydrates Diabetes Diabetes in Children and Teens Diabetes Medicines Diabetic Diet Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia Blood Sugar Glucose Living With American Diabetes Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Food and Drug Administration Teenagers Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Food and Drug Administration Teenagers Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Easy-to-Read Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Find an Expert Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Diabetes Association Women Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Antihypertensive medicines High blood pressure medicines <h3>What is high blood pressure?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a>, also called hypertension, is when blood puts too much pressure against the walls of your arteries. Almost half of American adults have high blood pressure, usually with no symptoms. But it can cause serious problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">heart failure</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney disease</a>.</p> <h3>What lifestyle changes can help lower high blood pressure?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">Healthy lifestyle changes</a> can help reduce high blood pressure:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Losing weight</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Being physically active</a></li> <li>Managing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a></li> <li>Reducing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">sodium</a> in your diet</li> <li>Avoiding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">tobacco</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">illegal drugs</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">Getting enough sleep</a></li> </ul> <h3>What if lifestyle changes alone cannot lower blood pressure?</h3> <p>Sometimes lifestyle changes alone cannot control or lower your high blood pressure. In that case, your health care provider may prescribe blood pressure medicines.</p> <h3>How do blood pressure medicines work?</h3> <p>The most commonly used blood pressure medicines work in different ways to lower blood pressure:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)</strong> keep your blood vessels from narrowing as much and allows blood to move through them with less pressure.</li> <li><strong>Beta blockers</strong> help your heart beat slower and with less force. This means that your heart pumps less blood through your blood vessels. Beta blockers are typically used only as a backup option or if you also have certain other conditions.</li> <li><strong>Calcium channel blockers</strong> prevent calcium from entering the muscle cells of your heart and blood vessels. This allows the blood vessels to relax.</li> <li><strong>Diuretics</strong> remove extra water and sodium (salt) from your body. This lowers the amount of fluid in your blood. Diuretics are often used with other high blood pressure medicines, sometimes in one combined pill.</li> </ul> <p>Often, two or more medicines work better than one. If these medicines do not lower your blood pressure enough, your provider may suggest that you take another type of blood pressure medicine.</p> <p>While taking the medicines, it is still important to keep up with your healthy lifestyle changes. Doing both helps keep blood pressure lower than lifestyle changes or medicines alone.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Drug Therapy Medicinas para la presión arterial Antihypertensive Agents Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute High Blood Pressure Antihypertensive Medicines High Blood Pressure Medicines Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American Heart Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Heart Association Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Heart Association Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Heart Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Heart Association PDF Anti-platelet drugs Anticoagulants <h3>What are blood thinners?</h3> <p>Blood thinners are medicines that prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clots</a> from forming. They do not break up clots that you already have. But they can stop those clots from getting bigger. It's important to treat blood clots, because clots in your blood vessels and heart can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attacks</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">strokes</a>, and blockages. </p> <h3>Who needs blood thinners?</h3> <p>You may need a blood thinner if you have:</p> <ul> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html">blood vessel</a> diseases</li> <li>An abnormal heart rhythm called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html">atrial fibrillation</a></li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html">heart valve</a> replacement</li> <li>A risk of blood clots after surgery</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">Congenital heart defects</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the different types of blood thinners?</h3> <p>There are different types of blood thinners:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Anticoagulants,</strong> such as heparin or warfarin (also called Coumadin), slow down your body's process of making clots.</li> <li><strong>Antiplatelets,</strong> such as aspirin and clopidogrel, prevent blood cells called platelets from clumping together to form a clot. Antiplatelets are mainly taken by people who have had a heart attack or stroke.</li> </ul> <h3>How can I take blood thinners safely?</h3> <p>When you take a blood thinner, follow the directions carefully. Blood thinners may interact with certain foods, medicines, vitamins, and alcohol. Make sure that your health care provider knows all of the medicines and supplements you are using.</p> <p>You may need regular blood tests to check how well your blood is clotting. It is important to make sure that you're taking enough medicine to prevent clots, but not so much that it causes bleeding.</p> <h3>What are the side effects of blood thinners?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html">Bleeding</a> is the most common side effect of blood thinners. They can also cause an upset stomach, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>. </p><p>Other possible side effects can depend on which type of blood thinner that you are taking.</p> <p>Call your provider if you have any sign of serious bleeding, such as:</p> <ul> <li>Menstrual bleeding that is much heavier than normal</li> <li>Red or brown urine</li> <li>Bowel movements that are red or black</li> <li>Bleeding from the gums or nose that does not stop quickly</li> <li>Vomit that is brown or bright red</li> <li>Coughing up something red</li> <li>Severe pain, such as a headache or stomachache</li> <li>Unusual bruising</li> <li>A cut that does not stop bleeding</li> <li>A serious fall or bump on the head</li> <li>Dizziness or weakness</li> </ul> Blood, Heart and Circulation Drug Therapy Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios Heparin Warfarin Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors Anticoagulants Spanish Blood Clots Anti-platelet drugs Anticoagulants Start Here Texas Heart Institute Start Here National Jewish Health Specifics American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Texas Heart Institute Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Related Issues American Academy of Oral Medicine Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Heart Association Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Heart Association PDF Easy-to-Read <p>Every year, millions of people in the United States receive life-saving blood transfusions. During a transfusion, you receive whole blood or parts of blood such as:</p><ul> <li> Red blood cells - cells that carry oxygen to and from tissues and organs</li> <li>Platelets - cells that form clots to control bleeding</li> <li>Plasma - the liquid part of the blood that helps clotting. You may need it if you have been badly burned, have liver failure or a severe infection.</li> </ul> <p>Most blood transfusions go very smoothly. Some infectious agents, such as HIV, can survive in blood and infect the person receiving the blood transfusion. To keep blood safe, blood banks carefully screen donated blood. The risk of catching a virus from a blood transfusion is low.</p> <p>Sometimes it is possible to have a transfusion of your own blood. During surgery, you may need a blood transfusion because of blood loss. If you are having a surgery that you're able to schedule months in advance, your doctor may ask whether you would like to use your own blood, instead of donated blood. If so, you will need to have blood drawn one or more times before the surgery. A blood bank will store your blood for your use.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Transplantation and Donation Transfusión y donación de sangre Blood Transfusion Blood Safety Blood Donors Transfusion Reaction Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Blood Disorders Organ Donation Stem Cells Blood Donation Transfusion Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies Find an Expert American Red Cross Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here America's Blood Centers Start Here American Red Cross Statistics and Research American Red Cross Specifics Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Red Cross Prevention and Risk Factors American Red Cross Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Red Cross Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Videos and Tutorials College of American Pathologists Video Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies Xerostomía <h3>¿Qué es la saliva?</h3> <p>La saliva es producida por las glándulas salivales. Ayuda a mantener usted y su boca sanos. Por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Humedece y descompone los alimentos que consume, lo que le facilita masticar y tragar</li> <li>Elimina pequeños trozos de comida de los dientes y las encías, lo que ayuda a combatir las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html">caries</a></li> <li>Contiene minerales como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a> y fosfato, que también pueden ayudar a combatir las caries</li> <li>Contiene anticuerpos que pueden luchar contra las infecciones de la boca y la garganta. Los anticuerpos son proteínas que produce el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> para combatir sustancias extrañas como virus y bacterias</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué es la boca seca?</h3> <p>Tener la boca seca, o xerostomía, significa que no tiene suficiente saliva para mantener la boca húmeda. Todas las personas tienen la boca seca de vez en cuando, como cuando están nerviosas o estresadas. Pero si tiene la boca seca todo o la mayor parte del tiempo, puede resultar incómodo. Puede hacer difícil masticar, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">tragar</a> e incluso hablar. También aumenta el riesgo de sufrir caries o infecciones en la boca.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la boca seca?</h3> <p>Hay muchas causas posibles de sequedad bucal, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">Efectos secundarios de ciertos medicamentos</a></strong>, como algunas medicinas para la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">hipertensión</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y los problemas de control de la vejiga</li> <li><strong>Enfermedades</strong> como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sjogrenssyndrome.html">síndrome de Sjögren</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglanddisorders.html">trastornos de las glándulas salivales</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Radioterapia</a></strong>, que puede dañar las glándulas salivales si se exponen a la radiación durante el tratamiento</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></strong>, que puede hacer que la saliva se vuelva más espesa y provocar sequedad en la boca</li> <li><strong>Daño a los nervios</strong>, cuando afecta a los nervios que indican a las glándulas salivales producir saliva</li> <li><strong>Respirar por la boca</strong></li> <li><strong>Consumo de alcohol, tabaco u otras sustancias</strong></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la boca seca?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la boca seca pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Sensación pegajosa y seca en la boca</li> <li>Problemas para masticar, tragar, saborear o hablar</li> <li>Sensación de ardor en la boca</li> <li>Sensación de sequedad en la garganta</li> <li>Labios partidos</li> <li>Lengua seca y áspera</li> <li>Úlceras de boca</li> <li>Infección bucal</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/badbreath.html">Mal aliento</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa de la sequedad bucal?</h3> <p>Si tiene boca seca, es importante encontrar la causa. Para ello, su profesional de la salud o dentista revisará su historia clínica, examinará su boca y preguntará sobre los medicamentos que toma. También pueden solicitar análisis de sangre o una prueba que mida la cantidad de saliva que produce.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la boca seca?</h3> <p>El tratamiento para la boca seca depende de la causa. Por ejemplo, si un medicamento causa sequedad en la boca, su proveedor o dentista puede sugerir ajustar la dosis o cambiar de medicamento. En algunos casos, es posible que le administren saliva artificial o un medicamento para ayudar a que sus glándulas salivales funcionen mejor.</p> <p>También hay varias cosas que puede hacer para ayudar a aliviar sus síntomas:</p> <ul> <li>Beber abundante agua</li> <li>Evitar bebidas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">cafeína</a>, que pueden resecar la boca</li> <li>Masticar chicle sin azúcar o chupar caramelos duros sin azúcar para estimular el flujo de saliva</li> <li>Evitar los alimentos picantes o salados porque pueden causar dolor si tiene la boca seca</li> <li>Evitar el alcohol y el tabaco</li> <li>Usar un humidificador por la noche</li> <li>Usar un enjuague bucal hecho para la boca seca</li> </ul> <p>Dado que la boca seca puede aumentar el riesgo de caries, es importante cepillarse los dientes y usar hilo dental con regularidad y visitar a su dentista al menos dos veces al año.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</p> Salud oral y dental Dry Mouth Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Enfermedades de la boca Enfermedades de las glándulas salivales Síndrome de Sjögren Xerostomía Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Dental de California PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <h3>What are body lice?</h3> <p>Body lice (also called clothes lice) are tiny insects which live and lay nits (lice eggs) on clothing. They are parasites, and they need to feed on human blood to survive. They usually only move to the skin to feed.</p> <p>Body lice are one of the three types of lice that live on humans. The other two types are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html">head lice</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pubiclice.html">pubic lice</a>. Each type of lice is different, and getting one type does not mean that you will get another type.</p> <p>Body lice can spread diseases, such as typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever.</p> <h3>How do body lice spread?</h3> <p>Body lice move by crawling, because they cannot hop or fly. One way that they spread is through physical contact with a person who has body lice. They can also spread through contact with clothing, beds, bed linens, or towels that were used by a person with body lice. You cannot get lice from animals.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for body lice?</h3> <p>Body lice is most common in people who cannot bathe and wash their clothes regularly, especially if they live in crowded conditions. In the United States, this is most often <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/homelessnessandhealth.html">people experiencing homelessness</a>. In other countries, body lice can also affect refugees and victims of war or natural disasters.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of body lice?</h3> <p>The most common symptom of body lice is intense <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/itching.html">itching</a>. There may also be a rash, which is caused by an allergic reaction to the bites. The itching causes some people to scratch until they get sores. Sometimes these sores can become infected with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacteria</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html">fungi</a>.</p> <p>If someone has body lice for a long time, the heavily bitten areas of their skin can become thickened and discolored. This is most common around your midsection (waist, groin, and upper thighs).</p> <h3>How do you know if you have body lice?</h3> <p>A diagnosis of body lice usually comes from finding nits and crawling lice in the seams of clothing. Sometimes a body louse can be seen crawling or feeding on the skin. Other times it takes a magnifying lens to see the lice or nits.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for body lice?</h3> <p>The main treatment for body lice is to improve personal hygiene. That means regular showers and washing clothes, bedding, and towels at least once a week. Use hot water to wash the laundry, and dry it using the hot cycle of the dryer. Some people may also need a lice-killing medicine.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Sexual Health Issues Piojos del cuerpo Lice Infestations Pediculus Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH <p> Do you know if your current weight is healthy? "Underweight", "normal", "overweight", and "<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obese</a>" are all labels for ranges of weight. Obese and overweight mean that your weight is greater than it should be for your health. Underweight means that it is lower than it should be for your health. Your healthy body weight depends on your sex and height. For children, it also depends on your age.</p> <p>A sudden, unexpected change in weight can be a sign of a medical problem. Causes for sudden weight loss can include:</p><ul> <li>Thyroid problems</li> <li>Cancer</li> <li>Infectious diseases</li> <li>Digestive diseases</li> <li>Certain medicines</li> </ul> <p>Sudden weight gain can be due to medicines, thyroid problems, heart failure, and kidney disease.</p> <p>Good nutrition and exercise can help in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">losing weight</a>. Eating extra calories within a well-balanced diet and treating any underlying medical problems can help to add weight.</p> Food and Nutrition Metabolic Problems Peso corporal Body Weight Body Weight Changes Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Malnutrition Obesity Obesity in Children Weight Control BMI Overweight Underweight Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Health Check Tools National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Older Adults Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Thyroid Association Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation <p>Cancer that starts in a bone is uncommon. Cancer that has spread to the bone from another part of the body is more common. </p> <p>There are three types of bone cancer:</p> <ul> <li>Osteosarcoma - occurs most often between ages 10 and 19. It is more common in the knee and upper arm.</li> <li>Chondrosarcoma - starts in cartilage, usually after age 40</li> <li>Ewing's sarcoma - occurs most often in children and teens under 19. It is more common in boys than girls.</li> </ul> <p>The most common symptom of bone cancer is pain. Other symptoms vary, depending on the location and size of the cancer. Surgery is often the main treatment for bone cancer. Other treatments may include amputation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Because bone cancer can come back after treatment, regular follow-up visits are important.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Bones, Joints and Muscles Cáncer de hueso Bone Neoplasms Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Cancer Institute Bone Diseases Ewing's Sarcoma Osteosarcoma Sarcoma, Ewing's Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Cancer Society Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Bone mass <h3>What is bone density?</h3> <p>Your bones are made of living tissue. To keep them strong, your body breaks down old bone and replaces it with new bone. But when more bone is broken down than replaced, you lose bone density, also called bone mass. Bone density is a measure of the amount of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a> and other minerals in bone. Bones containing more minerals are denser. They tend to be stronger and less likely to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fracture</a> (break).</p> <p>Losing bone density can weaken your bones. In some cases, it can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>. This is a disease which can make your bones more likely to break. Low bone density that is not low enough to be osteoporosis is sometimes called osteopenia.</p> <h3>What can make you lose bone density?</h3> <p>Your bones become less dense as you age. Other factors can also make you more likely to lose bone mass, such as:</p> <ul> <li>A family history of osteoporosis or low bone mass</li> <li>Not developing good bone mass when you are young</li> <li>Having certain medical conditions, such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html">Endocrine diseases</a></li> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html">digestive diseases</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html">Rheumatoid arthritis</a></li> <li>Certain types of cancer</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a></li> <li>Anorexia nervosa, a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html">eating disorder</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Taking certain medicines, such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">Corticosteroids</a></li> <li>Proton pump inhibitors (which treat <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">GERD</a>)</li> <li>Medicines to treat <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html">epilepsy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking tobacco</a></li> <li>Long-term heavy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> use</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Physical inactivity</a> or prolonged periods of bedrest</li> </ul> <p>Not everyone who has low bone mass gets osteoporosis, but they are at higher risk for developing it.</p> <h3>Is there a test to measure your bone health?</h3> <p>A <a hre="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-density-scan/">bone density scan</a> is the best way to measure your bone health. It compares your bone density, or mass, to that of a healthy person who is the same age and sex as you are. It can show:</p> <ul> <li>Whether you have low bone density</li> <li>Whether you have osteoporosis, a disease that makes your bones weak</li> <li>Your risk for breaking bones</li> <li>Whether your osteoporosis treatment is working</li> </ul> <h3>How can I keep my bones strong?</h3> <p>To help keep your bones strong and help prevent osteoporosis, the best thing to do is to eat a healthy diet rich in calcium and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">vitamin D</a>. Getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular physical activity</a>, limiting alcohol, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">not smoking</a> can also help. In some cases, your health care provider may prescribe medicines to prevent osteoporosis.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Densidad ósea Bone Density Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Fractures Osteoporosis Bone Loss Osteopenia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Women Endocrine Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Children National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Start Here Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation Women Endocrine Society Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia <p>Your bones help you move, give you shape and support your body. They are living tissues that rebuild constantly throughout your life. During childhood and your teens, your body adds new bone faster than it removes old bone. After about age 20, you can lose bone faster than you make bone. To have strong bones when you are young, and to prevent bone loss when you are older, you need to get enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">vitamin D</a>, and exercise. You should also avoid smoking and drinking too much alcohol.</p> <p>Bone diseases can make bones easy to break. Different kinds of bone problems include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html">Low bone density</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>, which make your bones weak and more likely to break </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteogenesisimperfecta.html">Osteogenesis imperfecta</a> makes your bones brittle </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pagetsdiseaseofbone.html">Paget's disease of bone</a> makes them weak </li> <li>Bones can also develop <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonecancer.html">cancer</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/boneinfections.html">infections</a></li> <li> Other bone diseases, which are caused by poor nutrition, genetics, or problems with the rate of bone growth or rebuilding</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Enfermedades de los huesos Bone Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Bone Cancer Bone Density Bone Infections Osteogenesis Imperfecta Osteonecrosis Osteoporosis Paget's Disease of Bone Rickets Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Videos and Tutorials National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Related Issues American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation PDF Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation <p>A bone graft transplants bone tissue. Surgeons use bone grafts to repair and rebuild <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonediseases.html">diseased bones</a> in your hips, knees, spine, and sometimes other bones and joints. Grafts can also repair bone loss caused by some types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fractures</a> (broken bones) or cancers. Once your body accepts the bone graft, it provides a framework for growth of new, living bone.</p> <p>If the transplanted bone <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organdonation.html">comes from another person</a>, it is called an allograft. Most allograft bone comes from donors who have died. Tissue banks screen these donors and disinfect and test the donated bone to make sure it is safe to use. If the transplanted bone comes from another part of your own body, it is called an autograft. Autograft bone often comes from your ribs, hips or a leg. </p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Transplantation and Donation Injerto óseo Bone Transplantation Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Bone Transplantation Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More North American Spine Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia <p>Like other parts of the body, bones can get infected. The infections are usually bacterial, but can also be fungal. They may spread to the bone from nearby skin or muscles, or from another part of the body through the bloodstream. People who are at risk for bone infections include those with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, poor circulation, or recent injury to the bone. You may also be at risk if you are having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">hemodialysis</a>. </p> <p>Symptoms of bone infections include:</p><ul> <li>Pain in the infected area</li> <li>Chills and fever</li> <li>Swelling, warmth, and redness</li> </ul> <p>A blood test or imaging test such as an x-ray can tell if you have a bone infection. Treatment includes antibiotics and often surgery.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Infections Infecciones de los huesos Bone Diseases, Infectious Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Bone Diseases Osteomyelitis Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles <p>Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones, such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">stem cells</a>. The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body, the white blood cells that fight infections, and the platelets that help with blood clotting.</p> <p>With bone marrow disease, there are problems with the stem cells or how they develop:</p> <ul> <li>In <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html">leukemia</a>, a cancer of the blood, the bone marrow makes abnormal white blood cells</li> <li>In <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aplasticanemia.html">aplastic anemia</a>, the bone marrow doesn't make red blood cells</li> <li>In myeloproliferative disorders, the bone marrow makes too many white blood cells</li> <li>Other diseases, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphoma.html">lymphoma</a>, can spread into the bone marrow and affect the production of blood cells</li> </ul> <p>Causes of bone marrow diseases include genetics and environmental factors. Tests for bone marrow diseases include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">blood</a> and bone marrow tests. Treatments depend on the disorder and how severe it is. They might involve medicines, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">blood transfusions</a> or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">bone marrow transplant</a>.</p> Immune System Enfermedades de la médula ósea Bone Marrow Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Amyloidosis Anemia Aplastic Anemia Bone Marrow Transplantation Multiple Myeloma Myelodysplastic Syndromes Myeloproliferative Disorders Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH <p>Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones, such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells, called stem cells. The stem cells can develop into red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body, white blood cells, which fight infections, and platelets, which help the blood to clot.</p> <p>A bone marrow transplant is a procedure that replaces a person's faulty bone marrow stem cells. Doctors use these transplants to treat people with certain diseases, such as:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html">Leukemia</a></li> <li>Severe blood diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thalassemia.html">thalassemias</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aplasticanemia.html">aplastic anemia</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sicklecelldisease.html">sickle cell anemia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplemyeloma.html">Multiple myeloma</a></li> <li>Certain immune deficiency diseases</li> </ul> <p>Before you have a transplant, you need to get high doses of chemotherapy and possibly radiation. This destroys the faulty stem cells in your bone marrow. It also suppresses your body's immune system so that it won't attack the new stem cells after the transplant.</p> <p>In some cases, you can donate your own bone marrow stem cells in advance. The cells are saved and then used later on. Or you can get cells from a donor. The donor might be a family member or unrelated person.</p> <p>Bone marrow transplantation has serious risks. Some complications can be life-threatening. But for some people, it is the best hope for a cure or a longer life.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Immune System Transplantation and Donation Trasplante de médula ósea Bone Marrow Transplantation Spanish National Cancer Institute Bone Marrow Diseases Stem Cells Start Here Health Resources and Services Administration Videos and Tutorials National Cancer Institute Video NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Statistics and Research Health Resources and Services Administration Start Here National Marrow Donor Program Start Here American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Marrow Donor Program Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Health Resources and Services Administration Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Marrow Donor Program Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Marrow Donor Program Related Issues National Marrow Donor Program Botulinum toxin type A <p>Botox is a drug made from a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It's the same toxin that causes a life-threatening type of food poisoning called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/botulism.html">botulism</a>. Doctors use it in small doses to treat health problems, including:</p><ul> <li>Temporary smoothing of facial <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinaging.html">wrinkles</a> and improving your appearance</li> <li>Severe underarm sweating </li> <li>Cervical dystonia - a neurological disorder that causes severe neck and shoulder muscle contractions </li> <li>Blepharospasm - uncontrollable blinking </li> <li>Strabismus - misaligned eyes </li> <li>Chronic migraine</li> <li>Overactive bladder</li> </ul> <p>Botox injections work by weakening or paralyzing certain muscles or by blocking certain nerves. The effects last about three to twelve months, depending on what you are treating. The most common side effects are pain, swelling, or bruising at the injection site. You could also have flu-like symptoms, headache, and upset stomach. Injections in the face may also cause temporary drooping eyelids. You should not use Botox if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Botox Botulinum Toxins, Type A Spanish Botulinum Toxin Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Learn More VisualDX Learn More American Academy of Ophthalmology Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More American Academy of Dermatology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Learn More American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Learn More American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Journal Articles <p>El botox es una droga hecha de una toxina producida por la bacteria <em>Clostridium botulinum</em>. Es la misma toxina que causa un tipo de intoxicación alimentaria peligrosa para la vida llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botulism.html">botulismo</a>. Los médicos la utilizan en pequeñas dosis para tratar problemas de salud, entre ellos:</p> <ul> <li>Eliminación temporal de las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinaging.html">arrugas</a> faciales</li> <li> Sudoración severa de las axilas</li> <li> Distonía cervical: Un trastorno neurológico que causa contracciones musculares severas en el cuello y los hombros </li> <li> Blefarospasmo: Parpadeo incontrolable</li> <li> Estrabismo: Ojos desviados</li> <li>Migraña crónica</li> <li>Vejiga hiperactiva</li> </ul> <p>Las inyecciones de botox funcionan debilitando y paralizando determinados músculos o bloqueando algunos nervios. Los efectos perduran entre tres o cuatro meses. Los efectos secundarios pueden incluir dolor en el lugar de la inyección, síntomas similares a los de una gripe, dolor de cabeza y malestar estomacal. Las inyecciones en la cara también pueden causar una caída temporal de los párpados. No se debe utilizar botox durante el embarazo o la lactancia.</p> <p class="">Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Botox Toxina botulínica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH <p>Botulism is a rare but serious illness. The cause is a toxin (poison) made by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. It occurs naturally in soil. </p> <p>There are several kinds of botulism. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">Foodborne</a> botulism comes from eating foods contaminated with the toxin. Wound botulism happens when a wound infected with the bacteria makes the toxin. It is more common in heroin users. Infant botulism happens when a baby consumes the spores of the bacteria from soil or honey. All forms can be deadly and are medical emergencies.</p> <p>Symptoms include double or blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, and muscle weakness. Treatment may include antitoxins, intensive medical care, or surgery of infected wounds.</p> <p>To prevent botulism:</p> <ul> <li> Be very careful when canning foods at home</li> <li> Do not let babies eat honey</li> <li>Get prompt medical care for infected wounds</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Botulismo Botulism Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Biodefense and Bioterrorism Botox Food Safety Foodborne Illness Botulinum Toxin Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>El botulismo es una enfermedad rara pero seria causada por una toxina (veneno) producida por una bacteria llamada Clostridium botulinum. Esta toxina se encuentra naturalmente en la tierra. </p> <p>Existen varios tipos de botulismo. El botulismo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">transmitido por alimentos</a> se produce al ingerir alimentos contaminados con la toxina. El botulismo de la herida ocurre cuando una herida se infecta con la bacteria; es más común en quienes abusan de heroína. El botulismo infantil ocurre cuando un bebé consume las esporas de la bacteria que se encuentran en la tierra o en la miel. Todos estos tipos de botulismo pueden ser mortales y se consideran urgencias médicas. </p> <p>Los síntomas incluyen ver doble, vista borrosa, caída de los párpados, dificultad para hablar, dificultad para tragar, boca seca y debilidad muscular. El tratamiento puede incluir antitoxinas, terapia intensiva o cirugía de las heridas infectadas.</p> <p>Para evitar el botulismo:</p> <ul> <li> Sea cuidadoso al enlatar alimentos en casa </li> <li> No deje que los bebés consuman miel</li> <li> Busque rápidamente ayuda médica para las heridas infectadas </li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Botulism Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Biodefensa y bioterrorismo Botox Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos Seguridad con los alimentos Toxina botulínica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Encopresis Fecal incontinence Stool soiling <p>Bowel incontinence is the inability to control your bowels. When you feel the urge to have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html">bowel movement</a>, you may not be able to hold it until you get to a toilet. Millions of Americans have this problem. It affects people of all ages - children and adults. It is more common in women and older adults. It is not a normal part of aging.</p> <p>Causes include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">Constipation</a></li> <li>Damage to muscles or nerves of the anus and rectum</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicfloordisorders.html">Pelvic floor disorders</a></li> </ul> <p>Treatments include changes in diet, medicines, bowel training, or surgery. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Incontinencia fecal Encopresis Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Anal Disorders Bowel Movement Encopresis Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Treatments and Therapies Johns Hopkins Medicine Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Children International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Treatments and Therapies International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Living With International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Treatments and Therapies International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Treatments and Therapies International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Treatments and Therapies International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Statistics and Research International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Journal Articles Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Patient Handouts National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases PDF NIH Symptoms International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders BM Feces Poop Stool <p>A bowel movement is the last stop in the movement of food through your digestive tract. Your stool passes out of your body through the rectum and anus. Another name for stool is feces. It is made of what is left after your digestive system (stomach, small intestine, and colon) absorbs nutrients and fluids from what you eat and drink.</p> <p>Sometimes a bowel movement isn't normal. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a> happens when stool passes through the large intestine too quickly. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">Constipation</a> occurs when stool passes through the large intestine too slowly. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelincontinence.html">Bowel incontinence</a> is a problem controlling your bowel movements. Other abnormalities with bowel movements may be a sign of a digestive problem.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Evacuación de las heces Defecation Feces Spanish Anal Disorders Bowel Incontinence Constipation Diarrhea Poop Stool Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Statistics and Research International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that sends signals from the spine to the shoulder, arm, and hand. Damage to the brachial plexus can cause symptoms such as:</p><ul> <li>A limp or paralyzed arm</li> <li>Lack of muscle control in the arm, hand, or wrist</li> <li>Lack of feeling or sensation in the arm or hand</li> </ul> <p>Brachial plexus injuries can happen because of shoulder trauma, tumors, or inflammation. Sometimes they happen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html">during childbirth</a> when a baby's shoulders become stuck during delivery and the nerves stretch or tear.</p> <p>Some brachial plexus injuries may heal without treatment. Many children who are injured during birth improve or recover by 3 to 4 months of age. Treatment includes physical therapy and, in some cases, surgery.</p> <p>NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Injuries and Wounds Lesiones del plexo braquial Brachial Plexus Neuropathies Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Berry aneurysm Cerebral aneurysm Intracranial aneurysm <p>A brain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html">aneurysm</a> is an abnormal bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery in the brain. They are sometimes called berry aneurysms because they are often the size of a small berry. Most brain aneurysms produce no symptoms until they become large, begin to leak blood, or burst.</p> <p>If a brain aneurysm presses on nerves in your brain, it can cause signs and symptoms. These can include:</p><ul> <li>A droopy eyelid </li> <li>Double vision or other changes in vision </li> <li>Pain above or behind the eye </li> <li>A dilated pupil </li> <li>Numbness or weakness on one side of the face or body </li> </ul> <p>Treatment depends on the size and location of the aneurysm, whether it is infected, and whether it has burst. If a brain aneurysm bursts, symptoms can include a sudden, severe headache, nausea and vomiting, stiff neck, loss of consciousness, and signs of a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html">stroke</a>. Any of these symptoms requires immediate medical attention.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Brain and Nerves Aneurisma cerebral Intracranial Aneurysm Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Aneurysms Hemorrhagic Stroke Berry Aneurysm Cerebral Aneurysm Intracranial Aneurysm Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Brain Aneurysm Foundation Living With Brain Aneurysm Foundation Statistics and Research Brain Aneurysm Foundation Treatments and Therapies Brain Aneurysm Foundation Symptoms Brain Aneurysm Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Stroke Association <p>Your brain is the control center of your body. It controls your thoughts, memory, speech, and movement. It regulates the function of many organs. It's part of your nervous system, which also includes your spinal cord and peripheral nerves. The nervous system sends signals between your brain and the rest of the body. Your nerves take in information from your senses and send it to the brain to be processed. Your brain and nerves also communicate to help you move and to control your body's functions.</p> <p>When the brain is healthy, it works quickly and automatically. But when you have a brain disease, it may affect how well you can function and do your daily activities. Some common brain diseases include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html">Brain tumors</a>, which can press on nerves and affect brain function.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html">Degenerative nerve diseases</a>, which can affect many of your body's activities, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html">balance</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html">movement</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">talking</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">breathing</a>, and heart function. Types include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson's disease</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html">Encephalitis</a> (inflammation in the brain), which can lead to problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">vision loss</a>, weakness, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html">paralysis</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticbraindisorders.html">Genetic brain disorders</a>, which are caused by changes in genes (also called variants or mutations). These disorders can affect the development and function of the brain.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Strokes</a>, which can cause a loss of brain cells and can affect your ability to think clearly.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">Traumatic brain injuries</a> (TBIs), which can affect brain function. They may range from mild to severe. The effects of a TBI may be temporary or permanent.</li> </ul> <p>The symptoms of brain diseases vary widely, depending on the specific problem. In some cases, damage is permanent. In other cases, treatments such as surgery, medicines, or therapies such as physical, occupational, and speech therapies, may cure the disease or improve the symptoms.</p><p> </p> Brain and Nerves Enfermedades del cerebro Brain Diseases Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Alzheimer's Disease Brain Malformations Brain Tumors Cerebellar Disorders Concussion Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Degenerative Nerve Diseases Dementia Encephalitis Epilepsy Genetic Brain Disorders Hydrocephalus Stroke Traumatic Brain Injury Treatments and Therapies Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Reference Desk Society for Neuroscience Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Liver Foundation Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Intracranial Hypertension Research Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Specifics Intracranial Hypertension Research Foundation Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Cephalic disorders <p>Most brain malformations begin long before a baby is born. Something damages the developing nervous system or causes it to develop abnormally. Sometimes it's a genetic problem. In other cases, exposure to certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html">medicines</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">infections</a>, or radiation during pregnancy interferes with brain development. Parts of the brain may be missing, abnormally small or large, or not fully developed.</p> <p>Treatment depends upon the problem. In many cases, treatment only helps with symptoms. It may include antiseizure medicines, shunts to drain fluid from the brain, and physical therapy.</p> <p>There are head malformations that do not involve the brain. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/craniofacialabnormalities.html">Craniofacial disorders</a> are the result of abnormal growth of soft tissue and bones in the face and head. It's common for new babies to have slightly uneven heads, but parents should watch the shape of their baby's head for possible problems.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Malformaciones del cerebro Nervous System Malformations Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Birth Defects Brain Diseases Cerebellar Disorders Craniofacial Abnormalities Hydrocephalus Neural Tube Defects Cephalic Disorders Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation <p>A brain tumor is a growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. Brain tumors can be benign, with no cancer cells, or malignant, with cancer cells that grow quickly. Some are primary brain tumors, which start in the brain. Others are metastatic, and they start somewhere else in the body and move to the brain.</p> <p>Brain tumors can cause many symptoms. Some of the most common are:</p><ul> <li>Headaches, often in the morning </li> <li>Nausea and vomiting</li> <li>Changes in your ability to talk, hear, or see</li> <li>Problems with balance or walking</li> <li>Problems with thinking or memory </li> <li>Feeling weak or sleepy</li> <li>Changes in your mood or behavior</li> <li>Seizures</li> </ul> <p>Doctors diagnose brain tumors by doing a neurologic exam and tests including an MRI, CT scan, and biopsy. Treatment options include watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack cancer cells with less harm to normal cells. Many people get a combination of treatments.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Brain and Nerves Tumores cerebrales Brain Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Brain Diseases Childhood Brain Tumors Pituitary Tumors Brain Cancer Glioma Meningioma Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies American Brain Tumor Association Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Brain Tumor Association Specifics National Brain Tumor Society Start Here National Brain Tumor Society Specifics American Brain Tumor Association PDF Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Brain Tumor Association Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Brain Tumor Association Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues American Brain Tumor Association Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Symptoms American Brain Tumor Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Brain Tumor Association PDF <h3>What is breast cancer?</h3> <p>Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in breast tissue. It happens when cells in the breast change and grow out of control. The cells usually form a tumor.</p> <p>Sometimes the cancer does not spread any further. This is called "in situ." If the cancer spreads outside the breast, the cancer is called "invasive." It may just spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes. Or the cancer may metastasize (spread to other parts of the body) through the lymph system or the blood.</p> <p>Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women in the United States. Rarely, it can also affect <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malebreastcancer.html">men</a>.</p> <h3>What are the types of breast cancer?</h3> <p>There are different types of breast cancer. The types are based on which breast cells turn into cancer. The types include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Ductal carcinoma</strong>, which begins in the cells of the ducts. This is the most common type.</li> <li><strong>Lobular carcinoma</strong>, which begins in the lobules. It is more often found in both breasts than other types of breast cancer.</li> <li><strong>Inflammatory breast cancer</strong>, in which cancer cells block lymph vessels in the skin of the breast. The breast becomes warm, red, and swollen. This is a rare type.</li> <li><strong>Paget's disease of the breast</strong>, which is a cancer involving the skin of the nipple. It usually also affects the darker skin around the nipple. It is also rare.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes breast cancer?</h3> <p>Breast cancer happens when there are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/breast-cancer/#causes">changes in the genetic material</a> (DNA). Often, the exact cause of these genetic changes is unknown.</p> <p>But sometimes these genetic changes are inherited, meaning that you are born with them. Breast cancer that is caused by inherited genetic changes is called hereditary breast cancer.</p> <p>There are also certain genetic changes that can raise your risk of breast cancer, including changes in the <em><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/brca1/">BRCA1</a></em> and <em><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/brca2/">BRCA2</a></em> genes. These two changes also raise your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancancer.html">ovarian</a> and other cancers.</p> <p>Besides genetics, your lifestyle and the environment can affect your risk of breast cancer.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for breast cancer?</h3> <p>The factors that raise your risk of breast cancer include:</p><ul> <li>Older age</li> <li>History of breast cancer or benign (noncancer) breast disease</li> <li>Inherited risk of breast cancer, including having <em>BRCA1</em> and <em>BRCA2</em> gene changes</li> <li>Dense breast tissue</li> <li>A reproductive history that leads to more exposure to the estrogen hormone, including <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">Menstruating</a> at an early age</li> <li>Being at an older age when you first gave birth or never having given birth</li> <li>Starting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">menopause</a> at a later age</li> </ul> </li> <li>Taking <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">hormone therapy</a> for symptoms of menopause</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a> to the breast or chest</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a></li> <li>Drinking <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer?</h3> <p>The signs and symptoms of breast cancer include:</p><ul> <li>A new lump or thickening in or near the breast or in the armpit.</li> <li>A change in the size or shape of the breast.</li> <li>A dimple or puckering in the skin of the breast. It may look like the skin of an orange.</li> <li>A nipple turned inward into the breast.</li> <li>Nipple discharge other than breast milk. The discharge might happen suddenly, be bloody, or happen in only one breast.</li> <li>Scaly, red, or swollen skin in the nipple area or the breast</li> <li>Pain in any area of the breast.</li> </ul> <h3>How is breast cancer diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose breast cancer and figure out which type you have:</p><ul> <li>A physical exam, including a clinical breast exam (CBE). This involves checking for any lumps or anything else that seems unusual with the breasts and armpits.</li> <li>A medical history.</li> <li>Imaging tests, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mammography.html">mammogram</a>, an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a>, or an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/breast-biopsy/">Breast biopsy</a>.</li> <li>Blood chemistry tests, which measure different substances in the blood, including electrolytes, fats, proteins, glucose (sugar), and enzymes. Some of the specific blood chemistry tests include a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/basic-metabolic-panel-bmp/">basic metabolic panel (BMP)</a>, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/comprehensive-metabolic-panel-cmp/">comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)</a>, and an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrolyte-panel/">electrolyte panel</a>.</li> </ul> <p>If these tests show that you have breast cancer, you will have tests that study the cancer cells. These tests help your provider decide which treatment would be best for you. The tests may include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">Genetic tests</a> for genetic changes such as in the <em><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/brca-test/">BRCA</a></em> and <em><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tp53-genetic-test/">TP53</a></em> genes.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/her2-breast-cancer-testing/">HER2 test</a>. HER2 is a protein involved with cell growth. It is on the outside of all breast cells. If your breast cancer cells have more HER2 than normal, they can grow more quickly and spread to other parts of the body.</li> <li>An estrogen and progesterone receptor test. This test measures the amount of estrogen and progesterone (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a>) receptors in cancer tissue. If there are more receptors than normal, the cancer is called estrogen and/or progesterone receptor positive. This type of breast cancer may grow more quickly.</li> </ul> <p>Another step is staging the cancer. Staging involves doing tests to find out whether the cancer has spread within the breast or to other parts of the body. The tests may include other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">diagnostic imaging tests</a> and a sentinel lymph node biopsy. This biopsy is done to see whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for breast cancer?</h3> <p>Treatments for breast cancer include:</p><ul> <li>Surgery such as <ul> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mastectomy.html">mastectomy</a>, which removes the whole breast</li> <li>A lumpectomy to remove the cancer and some normal tissue around it, but not the breast itself</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a></li> <li>Hormone therapy, which blocks cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow</li> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Immunotherapy</a></li> </ul> <h3>Can breast cancer be prevented?</h3> <p>You may be able to help prevent breast cancer by making healthy lifestyle changes such as:</p><ul> <li>Staying at a healthy weight</li> <li>Limiting alcohol use</li> <li>Getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">enough exercise</a>e</li> <li>Limiting your exposure to estrogen by <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html">Breastfeeding</a> your babies if you can</li> <li>Limiting hormone therapy</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>If you are at high risk, your health care provider may suggest that you take certain medicines to lower the risk. Some women at very high risk may decide to get a mastectomy (of their healthy breasts) to prevent breast cancer.</p> <p>It's also important to get regular mammograms. They may be able to identify breast cancer in the early stages, when it is easier to treat.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Women Female Reproductive System Cáncer de seno Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast Breast Neoplasms Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Breast Diseases Breast Reconstruction Male Breast Cancer Mammography Mastectomy Paget's Disease of Breast Genetics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Related Issues Susan G. Komen for the Cure PDF Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Endocrine Society NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Susan G. Komen for the Cure PDF Living With Susan G. Komen for the Cure Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With National Cancer Institute PDF NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Living With American Cancer Society Videos and Tutorials College of American Pathologists Video Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Living With Living Beyond Breast Cancer Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Men National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors U.S. Preventive Services Task Force PDF Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Living With Susan G. Komen for the Cure Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Living Beyond Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Living Beyond Breast Cancer NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>Most women experience breast changes at some time. Your age, hormone levels, and medicines you take may cause lumps, bumps, and discharges (fluids that are not breast milk).</p> <p>If you have a breast lump, pain, discharge or skin irritation, see your health care provider. Minor and serious breast problems have similar symptoms. Although many women fear <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html">cancer</a>, most breast problems are not cancer.</p> <p>Some common breast changes are:</p><ul> <li>Fibrocystic breast changes - lumpiness, thickening and swelling, often just before a woman's period</li> <li>Cysts - fluid-filled lumps</li> <li>Fibroadenomas - solid, round, rubbery lumps that move easily when pushed, occurring most in younger women</li> <li>Intraductal papillomas - growths similar to warts near the nipple</li> <li>Blocked milk ducts</li> <li>Milk production when a woman is not breastfeeding</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute </p> Women Female Reproductive System Enfermedades del seno Breast Diseases Mastitis Mastodynia Breast Cyst Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Breast Cancer Mammography Fibrocystic Breast Disease Gynecomastia Specifics American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Susan G. Komen for the Cure PDF Specifics American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers Nemours Foundation Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images VisualDX Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation <p>If you need a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mastectomy.html">mastectomy</a>, you have a choice about whether or not to have surgery to rebuild the shape of the breast. Instead of breast reconstruction, you could choose to wear a breast form that replaces the breast, wear padding inside your bra, or do nothing. All of these options have pros and cons. What is right for one woman may not be right for another.</p> <p>Breast reconstruction may be done at the same time as the mastectomy, or it may be done later on. If radiation therapy is part of the treatment plan, your doctor may suggest waiting until after radiation therapy.</p> <p>If you're thinking about breast reconstruction, talk to a plastic surgeon before the mastectomy, even if you plan to have your reconstruction later on.</p> <p>A surgeon can reconstruct the breast in many ways. Some women choose to have breast implants, which are filled with saline or silicone gel. Another method uses tissue taken from another part of your body. The plastic surgeon can take skin, muscle, and fat from your lower abdomen, back, or buttocks.</p> <p>The type of reconstruction that is best for you depends on your age, body type, and the type of cancer surgery that you had. A plastic surgeon can help you decide.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Women Surgery and Rehabilitation Female Reproductive System Reconstrucción del seno Mammaplasty Breast Implants Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Japanese Korean Spanish Spanish Breast Cancer Breast Diseases Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Breast Implants Mammaplasty Learn More Susan G. Komen for the Cure Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Cancer Institute NIH Learn More Susan G. Komen for the Cure PDF Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Learn More Food and Drug Administration Learn More American Cancer Society Learn More Food and Drug Administration Learn More American Cancer Society Lactation Nursing <p>Breastfeeding offers many benefits to your baby. Breast milk contains the right balance of nutrients to help your infant grow into a strong and healthy toddler. Some of the nutrients in breast milk also help protect your infant against some common childhood illnesses and infections. It may also help your health. Certain types of cancer may occur less often in mothers who have breastfed their babies.</p> <p>Women who don't have health problems should try to give their babies breast milk for at least the first six months of life. Most women with health problems can breastfeed. There are rare exceptions when women are advised not to breastfeed because they have certain illnesses. Some medicines, illegal drugs, and alcohol can also pass through the breast milk and cause harm to your baby. Check with your health care provider if you have concerns about whether you should breastfeed.</p> <p>If you are having problems with breastfeeding, contact a lactation consultant.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Women Food and Nutrition Female Reproductive System Lactancia Breast Feeding Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Video Related Issues Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Statistics and Research National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics VisualDX Images Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Video Related Issues Department of Agriculture Specifics National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Food and Nutrition Information Center PDF Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>When you're short of breath, it's hard or uncomfortable for you to take in the oxygen your body needs. You may feel as if you're not getting enough air. Sometimes you can have mild breathing problems because of a stuffy nose or intense exercise. But shortness of breath can also be a sign of a serious disease.</p> <p>Many conditions can make you feel short of breath:</p> <ul> <li>Lung conditions such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">asthma</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html">emphysema</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a></li> <li>Problems with your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/trachealdisorders.html">trachea</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bronchialdisorders.html">bronchi</a>, which are part of your airway system</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart disease</a> can make you feel breathless if your heart cannot pump enough blood to supply oxygen to your body</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">Anxiety</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html">panic attacks</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">Allergies</a></li> </ul> <p>If you often have trouble breathing, it is important to find out the cause.</p> Lungs and Breathing Symptoms Problemas respiratorios Tachypnea Dyspnea Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Bronchitis Asthma Bronchial Disorders Chronic Bronchitis COPD Heart Failure Lung Diseases Sleep Apnea Dyspnea Shortness of Breath Tachypnea Find an Expert American Lung Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Thoracic Society PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With National Jewish Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Heart Association Living With National Jewish Health Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests American Lung Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Scoliosis Research Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <h3>¿Puede un bronceado ser saludable?</h3> <p>Algunas personas piensan que el bronceado les otorga un brillo saludable. Sin embargo, broncearse, ya sea al aire libre o en interiores con una cama solar, no es saludable en lo absoluto. Lo expone a dañinos rayos y aumenta su riesgo de problemas de salud como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/melanoma.html">melanoma</a> y otros tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html">cáncer de piel</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué son los rayos UV y cómo afectan a la piel?</h3> <p>La luz del sol llega a la tierra como una mezcla de rayos visibles e invisibles. Algunos de los rayos son inofensivos. Pero los rayos ultravioleta (UV), una forma de radiación, pueden causar problemas. Los rayos UV ayudan a su cuerpo a producir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">vitamina D</a>, pero demasiada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">exposición</a> a ellos daña la piel. La mayoría de las personas puede obtener la cantidad necesaria de vitamina D con apenas cinco a 15 minutos de exposición al sol dos a tres veces por semana.</p> <p>Existen tres tipos de rayos UV. Dos de ellos, UVA y UVB, pueden llegar a la superficie de la tierra y afectar su piel. Usar una cama solar también lo expone a rayos UVA y UVB.</p> <p>Los rayos UVB pueden causar quemaduras de sol. Los rayos UVA pueden afectar más profundamente la piel que los rayos UVB. Cuando su piel se expone a rayos UVA, ésta intenta protegerse de un mayor daño produciendo más melanina, el pigmento de la piel que la vuelve más oscura. Esto es lo que le produce un bronceado. Esto significa que el bronceado es una señal de daño de la piel.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los riesgos para la salud del bronceado?</h3> <p>Dado que el bronceado significa una exposición excesiva a los rayos UV, puede dañar su piel y causar problemas de salud como:</p> <ul> <li><b>Envejecimiento prematuro de la piel</b>, lo que puede hacer que su piel se vuelva gruesa, curtida y arrugada. También puede provocar manchas oscuras. Esto ocurre porque la exposición a largo plazo a los rayos UV hace que su piel sea menos elástica. Cuanto más sol tome, más temprano envejecerá su piel</li> <li><b>Cáncer de piel</b>, incluyendo melanoma. Esto puede suceder porque la luz UV daña el ADN de las células de la piel e interfiere con la capacidad de su cuerpo para combatir el cáncer</li> <li><b>Queratosis actínica</b>, un parche espeso y escamoso de piel que en general se forma en áreas expuestas al sol, como la cara, el cuero cabelludo, la parte posterior de las manos o el pecho. Puede llegar a ser canceroso</li> <li><b>Daño ocular</b>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html">cataratas</a> y fotoqueratitis (ceguera de la nieve)</li> <li><b>Sistema inmunitario debilitado</b>, que puede aumentar su sensibilidad a la luz solar, disminuir los efectos de las inmunizaciones y causar reacciones a ciertos medicamentos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué debo hacer para proteger mi piel de los rayos UV?</h3> <ul> <li><b>Limite su exposición al sol:</b> Trate de evitar el sol entre las 10 de la mañana y las cuatro de la tarde, cuando los rayos son más fuertes. Además, recuerde que usted todavía está expuesto al sol los días nublados o cuando está a la sombra</li> <li><b>Use un protector solar con factor de protección solar (FPS) 15 o superior:</b> También debe ser un protector solar de amplio espectro, lo que significa protección para rayos UVA y UVB. Si tiene piel muy clara, utilice un FPS 30 o superior. Aplique el protector solar entre 20 y 30 minutos antes de salir, y vuelva a aplicarlo al menos cada dos horas</li> <li><b>Use gafas de sol que bloqueen rayos UVA y UVB:</b> Las gafas de sol grandes que cubren los costados de la cara (estilo envolvente) funcionan mejor porque bloquean los rayos UV que entrar por los costados de los anteojos</li> <li><b>Use un sombrero:</b> Usted puede obtener la mejor protección con un sombrero de ala ancha hecho de un género como tela o similar</li> <li><b>Use ropa protectora:</b> Ejemplos son camisas de manga larga, pantalones largos y faldas. La ropa hecha de tela firmemente tejida otorga la mejor protección</li> </ul> <p>También es importante revisar su piel una vez al mes. Si ve alguna mancha nueva o cambiante, consulte a su proveedor de atención médica.</p> <h3>¿Es el bronceado en interiores más seguro que el bronceado al sol?</h3> <p>El bronceado en interiores no es mejor que el bronceado al sol. También lo expone a los rayos UV y daña su piel. Las camas solares usan luz UVA, por lo que le exponen a una mayor concentración de rayos UVA de lo que obtendría al broncearse al sol. Las luces de bronceado también lo exponen a algunos rayos UVB.</p> <p>Algunas personas creen que obtener un "bronceado base" en un salón de bronceado puede protegerlo al exponerse al sol. Sin embargo, un "bronceado base" causa daño a la piel y no previene las quemaduras solares.</p> <p>El bronceado en interiores es particularmente peligroso para los más jóvenes. Usted tiene un mayor riesgo de melanoma si empezó a broncearse en interiores cuando era adolescente o adulto joven.</p> <p>Algunas investigaciones muestran que el bronceado frecuente incluso puede ser adictivo. Esto puede ser peligroso porque cuanto más seguido se broncea, más daño le hace a su piel.</p> <h3>¿Hay formas más seguras de lucir un bronceado?</h3> <p>Hay otras maneras de lucir bronceado, pero no son todas seguras:</p> <ul> <li><b>Las pastillas de bronceado</b> tienen un aditivo de color que vuelve la piel naranja después de tomarlas. Pero pueden ser peligrosas y no están aprobadas por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA)</li> <li><b>Los bronceadores sin sol</b> no tienen ningún riesgo conocido de cáncer de piel, pero hay que tener cuidado. La mayoría de los aerosoles, lociones y geles utilizan DHA, un aditivo de color que hace que su piel luzca bronceada. El DHA se considera seguro para su uso en el exterior de su cuerpo por la FDA. Debe asegurarse de que no entre en la nariz, los ojos o la boca. Si utiliza un spray de bronceado, tenga cuidado de no respirar el rocío. Además, recuerde que estos bronceadores no le protegen de los rayos UV al exponerse al sol</li> </ul> Piel, cabello y uñas Tanning Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de piel Enfermedades de la piel Exposición al sol Melanoma Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia <p>When you breathe in, the air travels down through your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/trachealdisorders.html">trachea</a> (windpipe). It then goes through two tubes to your lungs. These tubes are your bronchi. Bronchial disorders can make it hard for you to breathe.</p> <p>The most common problem with the bronchi is bronchitis, an inflammation of the tubes. It can be <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html">acute</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html">chronic</a>. Other problems include:</p><ul> <li>Bronchiectasis - a condition in which damage to the airways causes them to widen and become flabby and scarred</li> <li>Exercise-induced bronchospasm - a breathing problem that happens when your airways shrink while you are exercising</li> <li>Bronchiolitis - an inflammation of the small airways that branch off from the bronchi</li> <li>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia - a chronic lung condition in infants, most often <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html">premature infants</a></li> </ul> Lungs and Breathing Trastornos de los bronquios Bronchial Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Bronchitis Asthma Chronic Bronchitis Bronchiectasis Bronchiolitis Specifics National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Find an Expert American Lung Association Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Lung Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Jewish Health Children American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <p>La bronquitis es la inflamación de los conductos bronquiales, las vías respiratorias que llevan oxígeno a sus pulmones. Esta causa una tos que en forma frecuente presenta mucosidad. También causa dificultad para respirar, jadeo y presión en el pecho. Existen dos tipos de bronquitis: aguda y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html">crónica</a>.</p> <p>La mayoría de los casos de bronquitis aguda mejora en unos días, pero la tos puede durar varias semanas después de haberse curado la infección. </p> <p>A menudo, los mismos virus que causan el resfrío y la gripe pueden causar bronquitis aguda. Estos virus se propagan por el aire cuando alguien tose o a través del contacto físico (por ejemplo, alguien que no se haya lavado las manos). La exposición al humo del cigarrillo, contaminación del aire, polvo y gases también pueden causar bronquitis aguda. Así mismo, las bacterias pueden causar bronquitis aguda, pero no tan seguido como los virus.</p> <p>Para diagnosticar la bronquitis aguda, el médico le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y escuchará su respiración. Usted también puede tener otras pruebas.</p> <p>El tratamiento incluye descansar, tomar líquidos y aspirina (para adultos) o acetaminofén para bajar la fiebre. Un humidificador de ambientes puede ayudar. Puede necesitar inhalar medicinas para abrir sus vías respiratorias si tiene jadeo o sibilancias. Los antibióticos no le ayudarán si la causa es un virus. A usted le recetarán antibióticos si la causa es bacteriana. </p> <p class=""> NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Infecciones Pulmón y vías respiratorias Acute Bronchitis Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Bronquitis crónica Resfrío Virus respiratorio sincitial Bronquiolitis Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Video NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <h3>¿Qué es la bronquitis crónica?</h3> <p>La bronquitis crónica es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica</a> (EPOC). La EPOC es un grupo de enfermedades pulmonares que dificultan la respiración y empeoran con el tiempo. El otro tipo principal de EPOC es el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html">enfisema</a>. La mayoría de las personas con EPOC tienen enfisema y bronquitis crónica, pero su gravedad puede ser diferente dependiendo de la persona.</p> <p>La bronquitis crónica es la inflamación e irritación de los conductos bronquiales, las vías respiratorias que llevan oxígeno a los alvéolos en sus pulmones. Esta irritación causa acumulación de mucosidad. Los mocos y la irritación de los conductos hace que sea más difícil para sus pulmones inhalar oxígeno y exhalar dióxido de carbono.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la bronquitis crónica?</h3> <p>La causa de la bronquitis crónica suele ser una larga exposición a irritantes que dañan los pulmones y las vías respiratorias. En los Estados Unidos, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">humo del cigarrillo</a> es la causa principal. La pipa, el cigarro y otros tipos de humo de tabaco también pueden causar enfisema, especialmente si se inhala.</p> <p>La exposición a otros irritantes inhalados puede contribuir al enfisema. Estos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">humo de segunda mano</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html">contaminación del aire</a> y humos o polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo.</p> <p>En raras ocasiones, una condición genética llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html">deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina</a> puede tener un rol en causar bronquitis crónica.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de bronquitis crónica?</h3> <p>Los factores de riesgo para la bronquitis crónica incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Fumar</strong>: El principal factor de riesgo. Hasta el 75% de las personas que tienen bronquitis crónica fuman o solían fumar</li> <li><strong>Exposición a largo plazo a otros irritantes pulmonares</strong>: Incluyendo humo de segunda mano, contaminación del aire y humos y polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo</li> <li><strong>Edad</strong>: La mayoría de las personas con bronquitis crónica tiene al menos 40 años cuando comienzan sus síntomas</li> <li><strong>Genética</strong>: Esto incluye la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina, que es una condición genética. Además, los fumadores que tienen bronquitis crónica tienen más probabilidades de tenerla si tienen antecedentes familiares de EPOC</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la bronquitis crónica?</h3> <p>Es posible que en el comienzo no presente síntomas o sean solo leves. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, sus síntomas generalmente se vuelven más severos. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a> frecuente o tos que produce mucha mucosidad </li> <li>Sibilancias</li> <li>Un silbido o chirrido cuando respira </li> <li>Falta de aliento, especialmente si hace actividad física</li> <li>Sensación de presión en el pecho</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas con bronquitis crónica contraen infecciones respiratorias frecuentes, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfriados </a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a>. En casos severos, la bronquitis crónica puede causar pérdida de peso, debilidad en los músculos inferiores e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html">hinchazón </a> en los tobillos, pies o piernas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la bronquitis crónica?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas </li> <li>Sus antecedentes familiares</li> <li>Puede solicitar pruebas de laboratorio, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">pruebas de función pulmonar</a>, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografía </a> de tórax o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> y análisis de sangre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la bronquitis crónica?</h3> <p>No hay cura para la bronquitis crónica, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar con los síntomas, retrasar el progreso de la enfermedad y mejorar su capacidad de mantenerse activo. También hay tratamientos para prevenir o tratar las complicaciones de la enfermedad. Los tratamientos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> <strong>Cambios en el estilo de vida</strong>, como:</li> <ul> <li>Si es fumador, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar de fumar</a> es lo más importante que puede hacer para tratar la bronquitis crónica</li> <li>Evitar el humo de segunda mano y los lugares donde podría respirar otros irritantes pulmonares</li> <li>Solicitar a su profesional de la salud un plan de alimentación que satisfaga sus necesidades nutricionales. También pregunte cuánta actividad física puede hacer. La actividad física puede fortalecer los músculos que lo ayudan a respirar y mejorar su bienestar general</li> </ul> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong>, como:</li> <ul> <li>Broncodilatadores: Relajan los músculos alrededor de las vías respiratorias. Esto ayuda a abrirlas y facilita la respiración. La mayoría de los broncodilatadores usan un inhalador. En casos más severos, el inhalador también puede contener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a> para reducir la inflamación</li> <li>Vacunas contra la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html"> gripe</a> y la neumonía neumocócica: Las personas con bronquitis crónica tienen un mayor riesgo de sufrir problemas graves por estas enfermedades</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">Antibióticos</a> si tiene una infección pulmonar bacteriana o viral</li> </ul> <li><strong>Terapia de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">oxígeno</a></strong>: Se usa si tiene bronquitis crónica severa y bajos niveles de oxígeno en la sangre. La oxigenoterapia puede ayudarle a respirar mejor. Es posible que necesite oxígeno adicional todo el tiempo o solo en ciertos momentos</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">Rehabilitación pulmonar</a></strong>: Programa que ayuda a mejorar el bienestar de las personas que tienen problemas respiratorios crónicos. Puede incluir:</li> <ul> <li>Un programa de ejercicios</li> <li>Capacitación en el manejo de enfermedades</li> <li>Asesoramiento nutricional</li> <li>Consejería psicológica</li> </ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html">Trasplante de pulmón</a></strong>: El último recurso para personas con síntomas severos quienes pueden no haberse mejorado con las medicinas</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene bronquitis crónica, es importante saber cuándo y dónde obtener ayuda para sus síntomas. Debe recibir atención de emergencia si tiene síntomas graves, como dificultad para respirar o hablar. Consulte con su médico si sus síntomas empeoran o si tiene signos de infección, como fiebre.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la bronquitis crónica?</h3> <p>Dado que el tabaquismo causa la mayoría de los casos de bronquitis crónica, la mejor manera de prevenirla es no fumar. También es importante tratar de evitar los irritantes pulmonares como el humo de segunda mano, la contaminación del aire, los gases químicos y el polvo.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Infecciones Pulmón y vías respiratorias Chronic Bronchitis Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Bronquitis aguda Enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Video NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Contusion Ecchymoses <p>A bruise is a mark on your skin caused by blood trapped under the surface. It happens when an injury crushes small blood vessels but does not break the skin. Those vessels break open and leak blood under the skin. </p> <p>Bruises are often painful and swollen. You can get skin, muscle and bone bruises. Bone bruises are the most serious.</p> <p>It can take months for a bruise to fade, but most last about two weeks. They start off a reddish color, and then turn bluish-purple and greenish-yellow before returning to normal. To reduce bruising, ice the injured area and elevate it above your heart. See your health care provider if you seem to bruise for no reason, or if the bruise appears to be infected.</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Injuries and Wounds Symptoms Moretones Contusions Spanish Bleeding Bleeding Disorders Platelet Disorders Contusions Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Older Adults Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation <h3>What is bullying?</h3> <p>Bullying is when a person or group repeatedly harms someone on purpose. It can be physical, social, and/or verbal. It is harmful to both the victims and the bullies, and it always involves:</p><ul> <li><strong>Aggressive behavior.</strong></li> <li><strong>A difference in power,</strong> meaning that the victim is weaker or is seen as weaker. For example, bullies may try to use physical strength, embarrassing information, or popularity to harm others.</li> <li><strong>Repetition,</strong> meaning it happens more than once or that it probably will happen again</li> </ul> <h3>What are the types of bullying?</h3> <p>There are three types of bullying:</p><ul> <li><strong>Physical bullying</strong> involves hurting a person's body or belongings. Examples include hitting, kicking, and stealing or breaking someone's stuff.</li> <li><strong>Social bullying</strong> (also called relational bullying) hurts someone's reputation or relationships. Some examples are spreading rumors, embarrassing someone in public, and making someone feel left out.</li> <li><strong>Verbal bullying</strong> is saying or writing mean things, including name-calling, taunting, and threatening</li> </ul> <h3>What is cyberbullying?</h3> <p>Cyberbullying is bullying that happens through text messages or online. It could be through emails, social media, forums, or gaming. Some examples are:</p><ul> <li>Posting rumors on social media</li> <li>Sharing embarrassing pictures or videos online</li> <li>Sharing someone else's private information online (doxing)</li> <li>Making threats against someone online</li> <li>Creating fake accounts and posting information to embarrass someone</li> </ul> <p>Certain types of cyberbullying can be illegal. The laws on cyberbullying are different from state to state.</p> <h3>How is cyberbullying different from bullying?</h3> <p>Cyberbullying is a type of bullying, but there are some differences between the two. Cyberbullying can be:</p><ul> <li><strong>Anonymous</strong> - people can hide their identities when they are online or using a cell phone</li> <li><strong>Persistent</strong> - people can send messages instantly, at any time of the day or night</li> <li><strong>Permanent</strong> - a lot of electronic communication is permanent and public, unless it's reported and removed. A bad online reputation can affect getting into college, getting a job, and other areas of life. This applies to the bully as well.</li> <li><strong>Hard to notice</strong> - teachers and parents may not overhear or see cyberbullying taking place</li> </ul> <h3>Which children are more likely to be bullied?</h3> <p>Children are more likely to be bullied if they:</p><ul> <li>Are seen as different from their peers, such as being overweight or underweight, dressing differently, or being of a different race/ethnicity</li> <li>Are seen as weak</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, or low self-esteem</li> <li>Don't have many friends or are less popular</li> <li>Don't socialize well with others</li> <li>Have an intellectual or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html">developmental disability</a></li> </ul> <h3>Which children are more likely to be bullies?</h3> <p>There are two types of children who are more likely to bully others:</p><ul> <li>Children who are well-connected to peers, have social power, are overly worried about popularity, and like to be in charge of others</li> <li>Children who are more isolated from peers, may be depressed or anxious, have low self-esteem, are easily pressured by peers, and have trouble understanding other people's feelings</li> </ul> <p>There are certain factors that make someone more likely to be a bully. They include:</p><ul> <li>Being aggressive or easily frustrated</li> <li>Having trouble at home, such as violence or bullying in the home or having uninvolved parents</li> <li>Having trouble following rules</li> <li>Seeing violence positively</li> <li>Having friends who bully others</li> </ul> <h3>What are the effects of bullying?</h3> <p>Bullying is a serious problem that causes harm. And it doesn't just hurt the person who is being bullied; it can also be harmful for the bullies and for any kids who witness the bullying.</p> <p><strong>Kids who are bullied</strong> can have problems at school and with their mental and physical health. They are at risk for:</p><ul> <li>Depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. These problems sometimes last into adulthood.</li> <li>Health complaints, including headaches and stomachaches</li> <li>Lower grades and test scores</li> <li>Missing and dropping out of school</li> </ul> <p><strong>Kids who bully others</strong> have a higher risk for substance use, problems in school, and violence later in life. </p><p><strong>Kids who witness bullying</strong> are more likely to abuse drugs or alcohol and have mental health problems. They may also miss or skip school. </p><h3>What are the signs of being bullied?</h3> <p>Often, kids who are being bullied don't report it. They may fear a backlash from the bully, or they may think that no one cares. Sometimes they feel too ashamed to talk about it. So it is important to know the signs of a bullying problem:</p><ul> <li>Depression, loneliness, or anxiety</li> <li>Low self-esteem</li> <li>Headaches, stomachaches, or poor eating habits</li> <li>Disliking school, not wanting to go to school, or getting worse grades than before</li> <li>Self-destructive behaviors, such as running away from home, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/selfharm.html">harming themselves</a>, or talking about <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html">suicide</a></li> <li>Unexplained injuries</li> <li>Lost or destroyed clothing, books, electronics, or jewelry</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">Trouble sleeping</a> or frequent nightmares</li> <li>Sudden loss of friends or avoidance of social situations</li> </ul> <h3>How do you help someone who is being bullied?</h3> <p>To help a child who is being bullied, support the child and address the bullying behavior:</p><ul> <li><strong>Listen and focus on the child.</strong> Learn what's been going on and show you want to help.</li> <li><strong>Assure the child that bullying is not his/her fault</strong></li> <li><strong>Know that kids who are bullied may struggle with talking about it.</strong> Consider referring them to a school counselor, psychologist, or other mental health service.</li> <li><strong>Give advice about what to do.</strong> This may involve role-playing and thinking through how the child might react if the bullying occurs again.</li> <li><strong>Work together to resolve the situation and protect the bullied child.</strong> The child, parents, and school or organization should be part of the solution.</li> <li><strong>Follow up.</strong> Bullying may not end overnight. Make sure that the child knows that you are committed to making it stop.</li> <li><strong>Make sure that the bully knows that his or her behavior is wrong and harms others</strong></li> <li><strong>Show kids that bullying is taken seriously.</strong> Make it clear to everyone that the bullying will not be tolerated.</li> </ul> <p class="">Department of Health and Human Services</p> Children and Teenagers Social/Family Issues Intimidación y ciberacoso Bullying Cyberbullying Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Child Mental Health School Health Teen Mental Health Teen Violence Children National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Department of Health and Human Services Specifics Department of Health and Human Services Specifics Department of Health and Human Services Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Living With Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Living With Nemours Foundation Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Federal Trade Commission Related Issues Federal Trade Commission Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Health and Human Services Related Issues Federal Trade Commission Related Issues Federal Trade Commission Journal Articles Specifics Department of Health and Human Services Related Issues Federal Bureau of Investigation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Department of Health and Human Services Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Start Here Department of Health and Human Services <p>A burn is damage to your body's tissues caused by heat, chemicals, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/electricalinjuries.html">electricity</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">sunlight</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html">radiation</a>. Scalds from hot liquids and steam, building fires and flammable liquids and gases are the most common causes of burns. Another kind is an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalationinjuries.html">inhalation injury</a>, caused by breathing smoke.</p> <p>There are three types of burns:</p> <ul> <li>First-degree burns damage only the outer layer of skin </li> <li>Second-degree burns damage the outer layer and the layer underneath</li> <li>Third-degree burns damage or destroy the deepest layer of skin and tissues underneath</li> </ul> <p>Burns can cause swelling, blistering, scarring and, in serious cases, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html">shock</a>, and even death. They also can lead to infections because they damage your skin's protective barrier. Treatment for burns depends on the cause of the burn, how deep it is, and how much of the body it covers. Antibiotic creams can prevent or treat infections. For more serious burns, treatment may be needed to clean the wound, replace the skin, and make sure the patient has enough fluids and nutrition.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of General Medical Sciences</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Injuries and Wounds Quemaduras Burns Spanish National Institute of General Medical Sciences Electrical Injuries Fire Safety Inhalation Injuries Wildfires Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert American College of Emergency Physicians Specifics Food and Drug Administration Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors United States Fire Administration PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research American Burn Association Videos and Tutorials Safe Kids Worldwide Video Children Consumer Product Safety Commission PDF Children American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Emergency Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research Safe Kids Worldwide PDF Specifics National Fire Protection Association Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Phoenix Society for Burn Survivors Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Family Physicians Journal Articles Specifics Burn Institute PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Inflamación de la bursa <p>Una bursa es una bolsa pequeña que protege y amortigua los huesos y otras partes del cuerpo como los músculos, tendones o piel. La inflamación de la bursa se llama bursitis y se produce cuando se usa demasiado una articulación o por una lesión. Generalmente, se presenta en las rodillas o codos. Arrodillarse o apoyar los codos en una superficie dura por mucho tiempo puede desencadenar una bursitis. También, usar una articulación para hacer el mismo movimiento una y otra vez, puede agregar tensión e incrementar el riesgo. </p> <p>Los síntomas de la bursitis incluyen dolor e hinchazón. El doctor puede diagnosticarla con un examen físico y otros exámenes como rayos X y resonancias magnéticas. También puede tomar muestras de fluidos (líquidos) del área inflamada para descartar una infección. </p> <p>Por lo general la bursitis puede tratarse con reposo, hielo o medicinas. Si esto no ayuda, el doctor puede decidir inyectar un medicamento localizado, en el área alrededor de la bursa inflamada. Si aún así la bursitis no mejora dentro de los 6 a 12 meses, puede ser necesaria una cirugía para reparar el daño a los nervios y aliviar la presión sobre la bursa. </p> <p class="">Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Bursitis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla Lesiones y enfermedades del codo Tendinitis Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>A bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between a bone and other moving parts, such as muscles, tendons, or skin. Bursitis occurs when a bursa becomes inflamed. People get bursitis by overusing a joint. It can also be caused by an injury. It usually occurs at the knee or elbow. Kneeling or leaning your elbows on a hard surface for a long time can make bursitis start. Doing the same kinds of movements every day or putting stress on joints increases your risk.</p> <p>Symptoms of bursitis include pain and swelling. Your doctor will diagnose bursitis with a physical exam and tests such as x-rays and MRIs. He or she may also take fluid from the swollen area to be sure the problem isn't an infection.</p> <p>Treatment of bursitis includes rest, pain medicines, or ice. If there is no improvement, your doctor may inject a drug into the area around the swollen bursa. If the joint still does not improve after 6 to 12 months, you may need surgery to repair damage and relieve pressure on the bursa.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Bursitis Bursitis Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Elbow Injuries and Disorders Hip Injuries and Disorders Knee Injuries and Disorders Tendinitis Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies American College of Rheumatology Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Related Issues National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Start Here American College of Rheumatology Bypass Cirugía de derivación cardíaca <p>En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a> (EAC), las arterias que suministran sangre y oxígeno al músculo cardíaco se endurecen y se estrechan. Puede seguir tratamientos como cambios en el estilo de vida, medicamentos y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html">angioplastía</a>, un procedimiento para abrir las arterias. Si estos tratamientos no funcionan, es posible que necesite un bypass de arteria coronaria. </p> <p>La cirugía crea un nuevo camino para que la sangre llegue al corazón. El cirujano toma un tramo sano de una vena de la pierna o una arteria del pecho o la muñeca. Luego lo une a la arteria coronaria por encima y por debajo del área estrecha o bloqueada. Eso permite que la sangre evite el bloqueo y siga su camino. Algunas personas necesitan más de un bypass.</p> <p>Los resultados de la cirugía son a menudo excelentes. Muchas personas se mantienen sin síntomas por muchos años. Es posible que necesite una cirugía de nuevo si bloqueos posteriores se forman en las arterias o venas injertadas o en las arterias que no estaban bloqueadas en el pasado. Cambios en el estilo de vida y medicamentos pueden ayudar a que las arterias no se bloqueen de nuevo. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Cirugía y rehabilitación Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Angioplastía Cirugías de corazón Rehabilitación cardíaca CABG Cirugía de derivación cardíaca Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Clostridioides difficile infections Clostridium difficile Infections Clostridium enterocolitis Pseudomembranous colitis <h3>What is <em>C. diff</em>?</h3> <p><em>C. diff</em> is a bacterium that can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a> and more serious intestinal conditions such as colitis. You may see it called other names, such as <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> (the new name), <em>Clostridium difficile</em> (an older name), and <em>C. diff</em>icile. It causes close to half a million illnesses each year.</p> <h3>What causes <em>C. diff</em> infections?</h3> <p><em>C. diff</em> bacteria are commonly found in the environment, but people usually only get <em>C. diff</em> infections when they are taking <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>. That's because antibiotics not only wipe out bad germs, but they also kill the good germs that protect your body against infections. The effect of antibiotics can last as long as several months. If you come in contact with <em>C. diff</em> germs during this time, you can get sick. You are more likely to get a <em>C. diff</em> infection if you take antibiotics for more than a week.</p> <p><em>C. diff</em> spreads when people touch food, surfaces, or objects that are contaminated with feces (poop) from a person who has <em>C. diff</em>.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to get a <em>C. diff</em> infection?</h3> <p>You are at more likely to get a <em>C. diff</em> infection if you:</p><ul> <li>Are taking antibiotics</li> <li>Are 65 or older</li> <li>Recently stayed in a hospital or nursing home</li> <li>Have a weakened immune system</li> <li>Have had a previous infection with <em>C. diff</em> or were exposed to it</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of <em>C. diff</em> infections?</h3> <p>The symptoms of <em>C. diff</em> infections include:</p><ul> <li>Diarrhea (loose, watery stools) or frequent bowel movements for several days</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li>Stomach tenderness or pain</li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea</a></li> </ul> <p>Severe diarrhea causes you to lose a lot of fluids. This can put you at risk for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydration</a>.</p> <h3>How are <em>C. diff</em> infections diagnosed?</h3> <p>If you have been taking antibiotics recently and have symptoms of a <em>C. diff</em> infection, you should see your health care provider. Your provider will ask about your symptoms and do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">lab test of your stool</a>. In some cases, you might also need an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging test</a> such as an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a> to check for complications.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for <em>C. diff</em> infections?</h3> <p>Certain antibiotics can treat <em>C. diff</em> infections. If you were already taking a different antibiotic when you got <em>C. diff</em>, your provider may ask you to stop taking that one.</p> <p>If you have a severe case, you may need to stay in the hospital. If you have very severe pain or serious complications, you may need surgery to remove the diseased part of your colon.</p> <p>About 1 in 6 people who have had a <em>C. diff</em> infection will get it again within the following 2 to 8 weeks. This is called recurrent <em>C. diff</em>. It could be that your original infection came back or that you have a new infection. Contact your provider if your symptoms come back. </p> <p>For people who keep getting <em>C. diff</em> infections, treatments such as fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) have shown promising results. FMT uses stool (or bacteria from stool) from a healthy donor to try to restore the balance of healthy bacteria in your intestines.</p> <h3>Can <em>C. diff</em> infections be prevented?</h3> <p>There are steps you can take to try to prevent getting or spreading <em>C. diff</em>:</p><ul> <li>Wash your hands with soap and water after you use the bathroom and before you eat.</li> <li>If you have diarrhea, clean the bathroom that you used before anyone else uses it. Use bleach mixed with water or another disinfectant to clean the toilet seat, handle, and lid.</li> </ul> <p>Health care providers can also help prevent <em>C. diff</em> infections by taking <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html">infection control</a> precautions and improving how they prescribe antibiotics.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Digestive System Infections Infecciones por Clostridium difficile Clostridioides difficile Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous Spanish Clostridioides difficile infections Clostridium difficile infections Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation <h3>¿Qué es la cafeína?</h3> <p>La cafeína es una sustancia amarga que se encuentra naturalmente en más de 60 plantas, incluyendo:</p><ul> <li>Granos de café</li> <li> Hojas de té</li> <li> Nueces de cola, que se usan para el sabor de las bebidas de cola </li> <li>Vainas de cacao, que se utilizan para hacer productos de chocolate</li> </ul> <p>También existe la cafeína sintética (hecha por el hombre), que se añade a algunos medicamentos, alimentos y bebidas. Por ejemplo, algunos analgésicos, medicamentos para el resfrío y medicamentos de venta libre para la concentración contienen cafeína sintética. Lo mismo con bebidas energéticas y productos para "aumentar la energía".</p> <p>La mayoría de la cafeína que consumen las personas proviene de las bebidas. Las cantidades de cafeína en diferentes bebidas pueden variar mucho, pero generalmente contienen:</p><ul> <li>Una taza de café de ocho onzas: 95-200 mg</li> <li>Una lata de bebida cola de 12 onzas: 35-45 mg</li> <li>Una bebida energética de ocho onzas: 70-100 mg </li> <li>Una taza de té de ocho onzas: 14-60 mg</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos de la cafeína en el cuerpo?</h3> <p>La cafeína tiene muchos efectos sobre el metabolismo de su cuerpo. Esta:</p><ul> <li>Estimula el sistema nervioso central, lo que puede hacer que usted se sienta más despierto y le dará un impulso de energía</li> <li>Es un diurético, lo que significa que ayuda al cuerpo a deshacerse de agua y sal extra al orinar más</li> <li>Aumenta la liberación de ácido en el estómago, lo que a veces conduce a malestar estomacal o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html">acidez</a> </li> <li>Puede interferir con la absorción de calcio en el cuerpo</li> <li>Aumenta la presión arterial</li> </ul> <p>La cafeína alcanza su nivel máximo en la sangre dentro de una hora después de consumirla. Usted puede seguir sintiendo los efectos de la cafeína por cuatro a seis horas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos secundarios de consumir demasiada cafeína?</h3> <p>Para la mayoría de las personas, no es dañino consumir hasta 400 mg de cafeína al día. Si usted consume demasiada cafeína, puede causar problemas de salud, como:</p><ul> <li>Inquietud y temblores</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html">Insomnio</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolores de cabeza</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a></li> <li>Ritmo cardíaco rápido</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">Deshidratación</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">Ansiedad</a></li> <li>Dependencia, por lo que necesita tomar más de ella para obtener el mismo efecto</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas son más sensibles a los efectos de la cafeína que otras.</p> <h3>¿Qué son las bebidas energéticas y por qué pueden ser un problema?</h3> <p>Las bebidas energéticas son refrescos a los que se les han añadido cafeína. La cantidad de cafeína en las bebidas energéticas puede variar ampliamente, ya que a veces su etiqueta de información nutricional no entrega la cantidad real de cafeína que contiene. Las bebidas energéticas también pueden contener azúcares, vitaminas, hierbas y suplementos.</p> <p>Las compañías que producen bebidas energéticas afirman que éstas pueden aumentar el estado de alerta y mejorar el rendimiento físico y mental. Esto ha beneficiado su popularidad entre adolescentes y adultos jóvenes estadounidenses. Existe escasa evidencia que demuestre que las bebidas energéticas pueden mejorar temporalmente el estado de alerta y la resistencia física. </p> <p>No hay pruebas suficientes para demostrar que aumentan la fuerza o potencia. Pero lo que sí se sabe es que las bebidas energéticas pueden ser peligrosas porque contienen grandes cantidades de cafeína. Y como contienen mucha azúcar, pueden contribuir al aumento de peso y empeorar la diabetes.</p> <p>A veces los jóvenes mezclan las bebidas energéticas con alcohol. Es peligroso combinar alcohol y cafeína. La cafeína puede interferir con su capacidad de reconocer lo borracho que está, lo que puede llevar a beber más. Esto también hace más probable el tomar malas decisiones.</p> <h3>¿Quién debe evitar o limitar la cafeína?</h3> <p>Debe consultar con su proveedor de atención médica si debe limitar o evitar la cafeína si:</p><ul> <li>Está <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html">embarazada</a>, ya que la cafeína pasa a través de la placenta a su bebé</li> <li>Está <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html">amamantando</a>, ya que incluso una pequeña cantidad de cafeína que consuma pasa a su bebé</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html">problemas del sueño</a>, incluyendo insomnio </li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html">migrañas</a> u otros dolores de cabeza crónicos</li> <li>Tiene ansiedad</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">reflujo gastroesofágico</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html">úlcera</a></li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">arritmia</a> (un problema con los latidos o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón)</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a></li> <li> Toma ciertos medicamentos o suplementos, incluyendo estimulantes, ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>, medicamentos para el asma y medicamentos para el corazón. Consulte con su proveedor de atención médica si puede haber interacciones entre la cafeína y los medicamentos y suplementos que toma </li> <li>Es un niño o adolescente. Ninguno de los dos debe tomar tanta cafeína como los adultos. Los niños pueden ser especialmente sensibles a los efectos de la cafeína</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué es la abstinencia de la cafeína?</h3> <p>Si usted ha estado consumiendo cafeína de manera regular y luego para de repente, puede tener abstinencia de la cafeína. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li>Dolores de cabeza</li> <li>Somnolencia</li> <li>Irritabilidad</li> <li>Náusea</li> <li>Problemas para concentrarse</li> </ul> <p>Estos síntomas suelen desaparecer después de un par de días.</p> Alimentos y nutrición Caffeine Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH <h3>What is caffeine?</h3> <p>Caffeine is a bitter substance that occurs naturally in more than 60 plants including:</p><ul> <li>Coffee beans</li> <li>Tea leaves</li> <li>Kola nuts, which are used to flavor soft drink colas</li> <li>Cacao pods, which are used to make chocolate products</li> </ul> <p>There is also synthetic (man-made) caffeine, which is added to some medicines, foods, and drinks. For example, some pain relievers, cold medicines, and over-the-counter medicines for alertness contain synthetic caffeine. So do energy drinks and "energy-boosting" gums and snacks.</p> <p>Most people consume caffeine from drinks. The amount of caffeine in different drinks can vary a lot, but it is generally:</p><ul> <li>An 8-ounce cup of coffee: 95-200 mg</li> <li>A 12-ounce can of cola: 35-45 mg</li> <li>An 8-ounce energy drink: 70-100 mg</li> <li>An 8-ounce cup of tea: 14-60 mg</li> </ul> <h3>What are caffeine's effects on the body?</h3> <p>Caffeine has many effects on your body's metabolism. It:</p><ul> <li>Stimulates your central nervous system, which can make you feel more awake and give you a boost of energy</li> <li>Is a diuretic, meaning that it helps your body get rid of extra salt and water by urinating more</li> <li>Increases the release of acid in your stomach, sometimes leading to an upset stomach or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html">heartburn</a></li> <li>May interfere with the absorption of calcium in the body</li> <li>Increases your blood pressure</li> </ul> <p>Within one hour of eating or drinking caffeine, it reaches its peak level in your blood. You may continue to feel the effects of caffeine for four to six hours.</p> <h3>What are the side effects from too much caffeine?</h3> <p>For most people, it is not harmful to consume up to 400mg of caffeine a day. If you do eat or drink too much caffeine, it can cause health problems, such as:</p><ul> <li>Restlessness and shakiness</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html">Insomnia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headaches</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a></li> <li>Fast heart rate</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">Dehydration</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">Anxiety</a></li> <li>Dependency, so you need to take more of it to get the same results</li> </ul> <p>Some people are more sensitive to the effects of caffeine than others.</p> <h3>What are energy drinks, and why can they be a problem?</h3> <p>Energy drinks are beverages that have added caffeine. The amount of caffeine in energy drinks can vary widely, and sometimes the labels on the drinks do not give you the actual amount of caffeine in them. Energy drinks may also contain sugars, vitamins, herbs, and supplements.</p> <p>Companies that make energy drinks claim that the drinks can increase alertness and improve physical and mental performance. This has helped make the drinks popular with American teens and young adults. There's limited data showing that energy drinks might temporarily improve alertness and physical endurance. There is not enough evidence to show that they enhance strength or power. But what we do know is that energy drinks can be dangerous because they have large amounts of caffeine. And since they have lots of sugar, they can contribute to weight gain and worsen diabetes.</p> <p>Sometimes young people mix their energy drinks with alcohol. It is dangerous to combine alcohol and caffeine. Caffeine can interfere with your ability to recognize how drunk you are, which can lead you to drink more. This also makes you more likely to make bad decisions.</p> <h3>Who should avoid or limit caffeine?</h3> <p>You should check with your health care provider about whether you should limit or avoid caffeine if you:</p><ul> <li>Are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html">pregnant</a>, since caffeine passes through the placenta to your baby.</li> <li>Are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html">breastfeeding</a>, since a small amount of caffeine that you consume is passed along to your baby.</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">sleep disorders</a>, including insomnia.</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html">migraines</a> or other chronic headaches.</li> <li>Have anxiety.</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">GERD</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html">ulcers</a>.</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">arrhythmia</a> (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat).</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>.</li> <li>Take certain medicines or supplements, including stimulants, certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>, asthma medicines, and heart medicines. Check with your health care provider about whether there might be interactions between caffeine and any medicines and supplements that you take.</li> <li>Are a child or teen. Neither should have as much caffeine as adults. Children can be especially sensitive to the effects of caffeine.</li> </ul> <h3>What is caffeine withdrawal?</h3> <p>If you have been consuming caffeine on a regular basis and then suddenly stop, you may have caffeine withdrawal. Symptoms can include:</p><ul> <li>Headaches</li> <li>Drowsiness</li> <li>Irritability</li> <li>Nausea</li> <li>Trouble concentrating</li> </ul> <p>These symptoms usually go away after a couple of days.</p> Food and Nutrition Cafeína Caffeine Spanish Related Issues Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Migraine Foundation Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Start Here Food and Drug Administration Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians <h3>¿Qué son los calambres musculares?</h3> <p>Los calambres musculares son contracciones o espasmos súbitos, involuntarios en uno o más músculos. Son muy comunes y a menudo ocurren después del ejercicio. Algunas personas tienen calambres musculares, especialmente en las piernas, por la noche. Pueden ser dolorosos y durar de unos segundos a varios minutos. Puede tener calambres en cualquier músculo, pero ocurren con mayor frecuencia en:</p> <ul> <li>Muslos</li> <li>Pies</li> <li>Manos</li> <li>Brazos</li> <li>Abdomen</li> <li>A lo largo de su caja torácica</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuál es la causa de los calambres musculares?</h3> <p>Las causas de los calambres musculares incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Tensar u ocupar demasiado un músculo. Esta es la causa más común</li> <li>Compresión de los nervios, por problemas como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html">lesión de la médula espinal</a> o un nervio pinzado en el cuello o la espalda</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">Deshidratación</a></li> <li>Bajos niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">electrolitos</a> como magnesio, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html">potasio</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a></li> <li>Músculos con poca irrigación sanguínea</li> <li>Embarazo</li> <li>Ciertos medicamentos</li> <li>Someterse a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">diálisis</a></li> </ul> <p>A veces la causa de los calambres musculares no se conoce.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener calambres musculares?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede sufrir calambres musculares, pero son más comunes en:</p> <ul> <li>Adultos mayores</li> <li>Personas con sobrepeso</li> <li>Atletas</li> <li>Mujeres embarazadas</li> <li>Personas con ciertas afecciones médicas, como enfermedades de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">tiroides</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">nerviosas</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuándo es necesario ver a un profesional de la salud por calambres musculares?</h3> <p>En general, los calambres musculares son inofensivos y desaparecen después de unos minutos. Pero debe contactar a su profesional de la salud si los calambres:</p> <ul> <li>Son severos</li> <li>Ocurren a menudo</li> <li>No mejoran con estiramientos y beber suficiente líquido</li> <li>Duran mucho tiempo</li> <li>Vienen acompañados de hinchazón, enrojecimiento o sensación de calor</li> <li>Están acompañados de debilidad muscular</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos de los calambres musculares?</h3> <p>Por lo general, no necesita tratamiento para los calambres musculares. Es posible que pueda encontrar alivio de los calambres al:</p> <ul> <li>Estirar o masajear suavemente el músculo</li> <li>Aplicar calor cuando el músculo está tenso y hielo cuando el músculo le duele</li> <li>Beber más líquidos si está deshidratado</li> </ul> <p>Si la causa de los calambres es otro problema de salud, es probable que tratar el problema específico ayude. Existen medicamentos que los proveedores a veces recetan para prevenir los calambres, pero no siempre son efectivos y pueden causar efectos secundarios. Hable con su proveedor sobre los riesgos y beneficios de estos medicamentos.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se pueden prevenir los calambres musculares?</h3> <p>Para prevenir los calambres musculares, usted puede:</p> <ul> <li>Estirar los músculos, especialmente antes de hacer ejercicio. Si tiene calambres en las piernas por la noche, estire los músculos de las piernas antes de acostarse</li> <li>Beba muchos líquidos. Si hace ejercicio intenso o hace ejercicio cuando hace calor, las bebidas deportivas pueden ayudarle a reemplazar los electrolitos perdidos</li> </ul> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Muscle Cramps Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Espasmos musculares Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <h3>¿Qué es el calcio y por qué lo necesito?</h3> <p>El calcio es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">mineral</a>, un nutriente que usted necesita (en cantidades pequeñas) para mantener su cuerpo sano. Usted tiene más calcio en su cuerpo que cualquier otro mineral.</p> <p>El calcio tiene muchas funciones importantes:</p> <ul> <li>Desarrollar y mantener huesos sanos. Su cuerpo almacena casi todo su calcio en los huesos y dientes para mantenerlos fuertes</li> <li>Ayudar a sus músculos a moverse</li> <li>Ayudar a los nervios a llevar mensajes entre su cerebro y el resto de su cuerpo</li> <li>Ayudar a sus vasos sanguíneos a llevar la sangre a través de su cuerpo</li> <li>Ayudar a liberar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonas</a> que afectan muchas funciones de su cuerpo</li> </ul> <p>No consumir suficiente calcio puede causar afecciones serias, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">Osteoporosis</a>, una afección que hace que sus huesos se debiliten y tengan más probabilidades de romperse</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rickets.html">Raquitismo</a>, una afección en niños que causa huesos suaves y débiles</li> <li>Osteomalacia, una afección que causa huesos suaves en niños y adultos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo obtener calcio?</h3> <p>Usted puede obtener calcio de alimentos y suplementos. Usted puede obtener suficiente calcio al comer una variedad de alimentos, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Productos lácteos como leche, queso y yogur. Estas son las principales fuentes de calcio para la mayoría de las personas en los Estados Unidos</li> <li>Vegetales de hojas verdes, como col rizada, brócoli, repollo chino (bok choi)</li> <li>Pescado con huesos suaves que puede comer, como sardinas y salmón enlatados</li> <li>Alimentos enriquecidos con calcio, como cereales para el desayuno, jugos de fruta, bebidas de soya y arroz y tofu. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodlabeling.html">etiquetas de los productos</a> de estos alimentos le mostrarán cuánto calcio contienen</li> </ul> <p>El calcio está disponible en suplementos. También se incluye con muchos multivitamínicos. Las dos formas principales de suplementos de calcio son el carbonato de calcio y citrato de calcio:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Carbonato de calcio</strong> se absorbe mejor cuando se toma con alimento. Algunos antiácidos que se venden sin receta médica, como Tums y Rolaids, también contienen carbonato de calcio</li> <li><strong>Citrato de calcio</strong> se absorbe mejor con el estómago vacío o el estómago lleno. Las personas con niveles bajos de ácido estomacal absorben el citrato de calcio más fácilmente que el carbonato de calcio</li> </ul> <p>El calcio se absorbe mejor cuando toma 500 mg o menos a la vez. Si está tomando más de esta cantidad a diario, tome una dosis más pequeña dos veces al día en lugar de tomarlo todo a la vez.</p> <p>Los suplementos de calcio pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html">gas</a>, hinchazón y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">estreñimiento</a> en algunas personas. Si usted tiene algunos de estos síntomas, puede intentar:</p> <ul> <li>Dividir su dosis de calcio durante el día</li> <li>Tomarlo durante las comidas</li> <li>Cambiar la forma en que toma el calcio</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuánto calcio necesito tomar?</h3> <p>La cantidad de calcio que usted necesita depende de su edad y otros factores. La cantidad recomendada en miligramos (mg) son:</p> <ul> <li>Del nacimiento a 6 meses: 200 mg</li> <li>Infantes de 7 a 12 meses: 260 mg</li> <li>Niños de 1 a 3 años: 700 mg</li> <li>Niños de 4 a 8 años: 1,000 mg</li> <li>Niños de 9 a 13 años: 1,300 mg</li> <li>Adolescentes de 14 a 18 años: 1,300 mg</li> <li>Adultos de 19 a 50 años: 1,000 mg</li> <li>Hombres adultos de 51 a 70 años: 1,000 mg</li> <li>Mujeres adultas de 51 a 70 años: 1,200 mg</li> <li>Adultos de 71 años o más: 1,200 mg</li> <li>Adolescentes embarazadas y en lactancia: 1,300 mg</li> <li>Adultas embarazadas y en lactancia: 1,000 mg</li> </ul> <p>Ciertas personas pueden tener problemas para obtener suficiente calcio, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Niños y adolescentes de 4 a 18 años</li> <li>Personas que son afrodescendientes o asiáticas</li> <li>Adultos de 50 años o más que viven en la pobreza</li> <li>Mujeres postmenopáusicas; su cuerpo absorbe y retiene menos calcio después de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">menopausia</a></li> <li>Personas que no toman leche o no comen productos lácteos</li> </ul> <p>Pregunte a su profesional de la salud si necesita tomar suplementos de calcio y, si es así, cuánto debe tomar. Su profesional de la salud puede pedir una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-calcio-en-la-sangre/">prueba de calcio en la sangre</a> para saber si está obteniendo lo suficiente.</p> <p class="">NIH: Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Alimentos y nutrición Calcium Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Equilibrio hidroelectrolítico Minerales en la dieta Osteoporosis Vitaminas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <h3>What is calcium and why do I need it?</h3> <p>Calcium is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">mineral</a>, a nutrient that you need (in small amounts) to keep your body healthy. You have more calcium in your body than any other mineral.</p> <p>Calcium has many important jobs:</p> <ul> <li>To build and maintain strong bones. Your body stores almost all of its calcium in your bones and teeth to keep them strong.</li> <li>To help your muscles move.</li> <li>To help your nerves to carry messages between your brain and the rest of your body.</li> <li>To help your blood vessels move blood throughout your body.</li> <li>To help release hormones that affect many functions in your body.</li> </ul> <p>Not getting enough calcium can cause several conditions, including:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">Osteoporosis</a>, a disease which can make your bones weaker and more likely to break.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rickets.html">Rickets</a>, a disease in children that causes soft, weak bones.</li> <li>Osteomalacia, a condition which causes soft bones in children and adults.</li> </ul> <h3>How do I get calcium?</h3> <p>You can get calcium from foods and supplements. You may be able to get enough calcium by eating a variety of foods, including:</p> <ul> <li>Dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt. These are the main food sources of calcium for most people in the United States.</li> <li>Leafy, green vegetables such as kale, broccoli, and Chinese cabbage (bok choi).</li> <li>Fish with soft bones that you can eat, such as canned sardines and salmon.</li> <li>Calcium-enriched foods such as breakfast cereals, fruit juices, soy and rice drinks, and tofu. The <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodlabeling.html">product labels</a> for these foods will show how much calcium they have.</li> </ul> <p>Calcium is available in supplements. It is also included in many multivitamins. The two main forms of calcium supplements are calcium carbonate and calcium citrate:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Calcium carbonate</strong> is absorbed best when taken with food. Some over-the-counter antacids, such as Tums and Rolaids, also contain calcium carbonate.</li> <li><strong>Calcium citrate</strong> is absorbed well on an empty stomach or a full stomach. People with low levels of stomach acid absorb calcium citrate more easily than calcium carbonate.</li> </ul> <p>Calcium is absorbed best when you take 500 mg or less at one time. If you are taking more than that amount each day, take a smaller dose twice a day rather than taking it all at once.</p> <p>Calcium supplements might cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html">gas</a>, bloating, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">constipation</a> in some people. If you have any of these symptoms, you could try:</p> <ul> <li>Spreading out the calcium dose throughout the day</li> <li>Taking it with meals</li> <li>Switching the form of calcium you take</li> </ul> <h3>How much calcium do I need?</h3> <p>The amount of calcium you need each day depends on your age and other factors. The recommended amounts, in milligrams (mg), are: </p> <ul> <li>Birth to 6 months: 200 mg</li> <li>Infants 7-12 months: 260 mg</li> <li>Children 1-3 years: 700 mg</li> <li>Children 4-8 years: 1,000 mg</li> <li>Children 9-13 years: 1,300 mg</li> <li>Teens 14-18 years: 1,300 mg</li> <li>Adults 19-50 years: 1,000 mg</li> <li>Adult men 51-70 years: 1,000 mg</li> <li>Adult women 51-70 years: 1,200 mg</li> <li>Adults 71 years and older: 1,200 mg</li> <li>Pregnant and breastfeeding teens: 1,300 mg</li> <li>Pregnant and breastfeeding adults: 1,000 mg</li> </ul> <p>Certain people may have trouble getting enough calcium, including:</p> <ul> <li>Children and teens age 4 to 18 years</li> <li>People who are Black or Asian</li> <li>Adults age 50 years and older living in poverty</li> <li>Postmenopausal women; your body absorbs and retains less calcium after menopause</li> <li>People who don't drink milk or eat other dairy products</li> </ul> <p>Check with your health care provider to see if you need to take calcium supplements, and if so, how much you should take. Your provider may want to first do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/calcium-blood-test/">calcium blood test</a> to see if you are getting enough of it.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Food and Nutrition Calcio Calcium, Dietary Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Minerals Osteoporosis Vitamins Hypercalcemia Hypocalcemia Children Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation Related Issues National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Health Check Tools International Osteoporosis Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Journal Articles Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Hiperqueratosis <p>Los callos y callosidades son causados por presión o fricción en la piel. A menudo aparecen en el pie donde el hueso roza con el calzado. Los callos, generalmente, aparecen arriba o a los costados del pie mientras que las callosidades aparecen en las plantas del pie. También pueden aparecer en las manos u otras áreas donde haya fricción o presión. </p> <p>Usar zapatos que se ajusten bien o usar plantillas sin medicación puede ayudar a evitarlos. Mientras se bañe, frote suavemente el callo o callosidad con una toallita o piedra pómez para ayudar a reducir el tamaño. Para evitar una infección, no trate de rasparlos. Vea a un doctor si sufre de diabetes o problemas circulatorios. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional Sobre el Envejecimiento</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Corns and Calluses Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Hiperqueratosis Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Efecto invernadero <p> El clima es la temperatura promedio en un lugar en un determinado período de tiempo. El cambio climático es un cambio importante de temperatura, lluvias, nieve o patrones de viento que duran muchos años. Puede ser causado por la naturaleza o por las actividades de los seres humanos. Hoy en día, los cambios climáticos están ocurriendo a un ritmo cada vez más acelerado. </p> <p> El cambio climático puede afectar su salud y causar: <ul> <li>Más casos de enfermedades y muertes causados por el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heatillness.html">calor</a></li> <li>Más polen, moho y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html">contaminación del aire</a>. Esto puede aumentar los casos de alergia, asma y problemas respiratorios</li> <li>Los mosquitos (zancudos) y otros insectos que portan enfermedades pueden empezar a aparecer en áreas que solían ser demasiado frías para ellos</li> <li>Más <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html">inundaciones</a> y aumento del nivel del mar. Esto puede causar más casos de contaminación de alimentos y agua</li> <li>Eventos climáticos más extremos como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hurricanes.html">huracanes</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wildfires.html">incendios forestales</a>. Esto puede causar muertes, heridas, estrés y problemas de salud mental</li> </ul> </p> <p> Los investigadores están estudiando la menor manera de mitigar el cambio climático y reducir el impacto en nuestra salud. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Climate Change Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Efecto invernadero Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental NIH Más información Spanish/Español Administración Nacional de Aeronáutica y del Espacio <p>Los campos eléctricos y magnéticos, también llamados <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html">radiación</a>, son áreas de energía invisible que se producen alrededor de dispositivos eléctricos. Fuentes diarias de estos campos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Líneas eléctricas</li> <li>Cableado eléctrico</li> <li>Hornos microondas</li> <li>Computadores</li> <li>Teléfonos celulares</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas se preocupan por la exposición a campos electromagnéticos y el cáncer. Algunos estudios han encontrado una relación entre la exposición a los campos y un mayor riesgo de leucemia infantil, pero otros estudios no establecen relación. Otras investigaciones no han encontrado evidencia de que la exposición a campos electromagnéticos provoque otros cánceres infantiles. Estudios en adultos no han demostrado que la exposición causa cáncer. </p> <p>Otras personas tienen la preocupación que los celulares causen cáncer u otros problemas de salud. Los teléfonos emiten energía de radiofrecuencia, una forma de radiación electromagnética. Hasta ahora, no se ha encontrado evidencia científica que pruebe una relación entre uso de celulares y problemas de salud en humanos. Sin embargo, los científicos necesitan hacer más investigaciones antes de poder dar una respuesta categórica. Si usted quiere evitar posibles riesgos, puede limitar su exposición al:</p> <ul> <li>Reducir la cantidad de tiempo que pasa usando un celular</li> <li>Utilizar el modo altavoz (speaker) o un manos libres para mantener distancia entre el dispositivo y usted</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Electromagnetic Fields Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Teléfonos celulares Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH <p>Campylobacter infection is a common <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">foodborne illness</a>. You usually get it from eating contaminated food, especially raw or undercooked poultry. You can also get it from drinking contaminated water or raw milk, or handling infected animal feces (poop).</p> <p>Some infected people don't have any symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they start two to five days after you are infected. They usually last about one week, and can include:</p><ul> <li>Diarrhea (which could be bloody)</li> <li>Cramping</li> <li>Abdominal pain</li> <li>Fever </li> <li>Fatigue</li> <li>Nausea and vomiting</li> </ul> <p>Health care providers use stool tests to make a diagnosis. Most people get better without treatment. You should drink extra fluids for as long as the diarrhea lasts. People who have a severe infection or a weakened immune system may need to take <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>. In rare cases, the infection can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousarthritis.html">reactive arthritis</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/guillainbarresyndrome.html">Guillain-Barre syndrome</a>.</p> <p>To prevent Campylobacter infection, cook poultry thoroughly. Use a separate cutting board and utensils for meats. Make sure to clean them carefully with soap and hot water after you use them.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Infecciones por campylobacter Campylobacter Infections Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Carcinoma Malignancy Neoplasms Tumor <p>Cancer begins in your cells, which are the building blocks of your body. Normally, your body forms new cells as you need them, replacing old cells that die. Sometimes this process goes wrong. New cells grow even when you don't need them, and old cells don't die when they should. These extra cells can form a mass called a tumor. Tumors can be benign or malignant. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html">Benign tumors</a> aren't cancer while malignant ones are. Cells from malignant tumors can invade nearby tissues. They can also break away and spread to other parts of the body. </p> <p>Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases. There are more than 100 different types of cancer. Most cancers are named for where they start. For example, lung cancer starts in the lung, and breast cancer starts in the breast. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another is called metastasis. Symptoms and treatment depend on the cancer type and how advanced it is. Most treatment plans may include surgery, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation</a> and/or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a>. Some may involve hormone therapy, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html">immunotherapy</a> or other types of biologic therapy, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">stem cell transplantation</a>. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Cáncer Neoplasms Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Cancer Alternative Therapies Cancer Chemotherapy Cancer Immunotherapy Cancer--Living with Cancer Radiation Therapy Tumors and Pregnancy Carcinoma Malignancy Neoplasms Oncology Tumor Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute Easy-to-Read NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Men Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Cancer Society Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute Easy-to-Read NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute PDF NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Videos and Tutorials National Cancer Institute Video NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Cancer Society Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>You have many choices to make about your cancer treatment. One choice you might be thinking about is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">complementary and alternative medicine</a> (CAM). CAM is the term for medical products and practices that are not part of standard care. Examples of CAM therapies are acupuncture, chiropractic, and herbal medicines.</p> <p>People with cancer may use CAM to:</p><ul> <li>Help cope with the side effects of cancer treatments</li> <li>Ease worries of cancer treatment and related stress</li> <li>Feel that they are doing something more to help their own care</li> </ul> <p>CAM treatments do not work for everyone. Some methods, such as acupuncture, might help with nausea, pain and other side effects of cancer treatment. Talk to your doctor to make sure that all aspects of your cancer care work together.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Complementary and Alternative Therapies Terapia alternativa para el cáncer Complementary Therapies Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Antioxidants Complementary and Integrative Medicine Herbal Medicine Alternative Therapy for Cancer Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American Cancer Society Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Related Issues American Cancer Society Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute PDF NIH <h3>What is cancer chemotherapy?</h3> <p>Cancer chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment. It uses medicines to destroy cancer cells.</p> <p>Normally, the cells in your body grow and die in a controlled way. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">Cancer</a> cells keep growing without control. Chemotherapy works by killing the cancer cells, stopping them from spreading, or slowing their growth.</p> <p>Chemotherapy is used to:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Treat cancer</strong> by curing the cancer, lessening the chance it will return, or stopping or slowing its growth.</li> <li><strong>Ease cancer symptoms</strong> by shrinking tumors that are causing pain and other problems.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the side effects of chemotherapy?</h3> <p>Chemotherapy does not just destroy cancer cells. It can also harm some healthy cells, which causes side effects.</p> <p>You may have a lot of side effects, some side effects, or none at all. It depends on the type and amount of chemotherapy you get and how your body reacts.</p> <p>Some common side effects are:</p> <ul> <li>Mouth sores</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and vomiting</a></li> <li>Pain</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html">Hair loss</a></li> </ul> <p>There are ways to prevent or control some side effects. Talk with your health care provider about how to manage them. Healthy cells usually recover after chemotherapy is over, so most side effects gradually go away.</p> <h3>What can I expect when getting chemotherapy?</h3> <p>You may get chemotherapy in a hospital or at home, a doctor's office, or a medical clinic. You might be given the medicines by mouth, in a shot, as a cream, through a catheter, or intravenously (by IV).</p> <p>Your treatment plan will depend on the type of cancer you have, which chemotherapy medicines are used, the treatment goals, and how your body responds to the medicines.</p> <p>Chemotherapy may be given alone or with other treatments. You may get treatment every day, every week, or every month. You may have breaks between treatments so that your body has a chance to build new healthy cells.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Drug Therapy Quimioterapia para el cáncer Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use Neoplasms drug therapy Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Cancer Cancer Alternative Therapies Chemotherapy Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Children Nemours Foundation Video Specifics American Thoracic Society PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Start Here American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Cancer Institute PDF NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Patient Handouts National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Living With National Cancer Institute PDF NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Cancer Society Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Living With American Cancer Society Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Health Check Tools Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH <p>Immunotherapy is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancer</a> treatment that helps your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> fight cancer. It is a type of biological therapy. Biological therapy uses substances that are made from living organisms, or versions of these substances that are made in a lab.</p> <p>Doctors don't yet use immunotherapy as often as other cancer treatments, such as surgery, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation therapy</a>. But they do use immunotherapy for some types of cancer, and researchers are doing clinical trials to see whether it also works for other types.</p> <p>When you have cancer, some of your cells begin to multiply without stopping. They spread into the surrounding tissues. One reason that the cancer cells can keep growing and spreading is that they are able to hide from your immune system. Some immunotherapies can "mark" your cancer cells. This makes it easier for your immune system to find and destroy the cells. It is a type of targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells. Other types of immunotherapies work by boosting your immune system to work better against cancer.</p> <p>You could get immunotherapy intravenously (by IV), in pills or capsules, or in a cream for your skin. For bladder cancer, they might place it directly into your bladder. You may have treatment every day, week, or month. Some immunotherapies are given in cycles. It depends on your type of cancer, how advanced it is, the type of immunotherapy you get, and how well it is working.</p> <p>You may have side effects. The most common side effects are skin reactions at the needle site, if you get it by IV. Other side effects may include flu-like symptoms, or rarely, severe reactions.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Inmunoterapia para el cáncer Neoplasms therapy Immunotherapy Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More American Cancer Society Learn More Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Cancer Institute NIH Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Cancer Institute NIH Learn More National Cancer Institute NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Learn More Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology <p>Cancer is a group of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body's cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues.</p> <p>Normally, new cells form as you need them, replacing old cells that die. Sometimes, this process goes wrong. New cells form when you don't need them, and old cells don't die when they should. The extra cells can form a tumor. Tumors can be benign or malignant. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html">Benign tumors</a> aren't cancer. Malignant tumors are cancer, and the cancer cells can spread to nearby tissues. They can also break away and spread to other parts of the body.</p> <p>Children can get cancer in the same parts of the body as adults, but there are differences. Childhood cancers may happen suddenly, without early symptoms. Some types can often be cured. The most common children's cancer is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html">leukemia</a>. Some of the other more common types of cancer in children include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodbraintumors.html">brain tumors</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphoma.html">lymphoma</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/softtissuesarcoma.html">soft tissue sarcoma</a>.</p> <p>Symptoms and treatment depend on the type of cancer and how advanced it is. Treatments may include:</p> <ul> <li>Surgery</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">Stem cell transplants</a></li> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells </li></ul> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Children and Teenagers Cáncer en niños Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Childhood Brain Tumors Childhood Leukemia Neuroblastoma Wilms Tumor Childhood Cancer Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Living With Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here American Cancer Society Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Living With National Cancer Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research CureSearch for Children's Cancer Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Children's Oncology Group Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues CureSearch for Children's Cancer Living With American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Living With National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Videos and Tutorials National Cancer Institute Video NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <h3>Learning to live with cancer</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">Cancer</a> is a common disease. Almost 40 percent of Americans will be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetimes. Even though cancer may be life-threatening, many people have successful treatment. Others live with cancer for a very long time.</p> <p>For most people with cancer, learning to live with the disease is one of the biggest challenges they've ever faced. That's because having cancer touches just about every part of your life and the lives of those around you.</p> <p>Cancer and its treatment may change:</p> <ul> <li>Your daily routines and ability to work</li> <li>Your important relationships</li> <li>The way you look, feel, and think about yourself</li> </ul> <p>You may feel more in control and prepared to cope with these changes if you learn about what to expect. Your health care provider can help you find information and support services that are right for you.</p> <h3>Coping with feelings about having cancer</h3> <p>Having cancer may cause a range of strong emotions, such as sadness, anger, fear, worry, or guilt. These feelings are normal, and they're likely to change over time. It's helpful to sort out your feelings in a way that's comfortable for you. You might try:</p> <ul> <li>Talking openly with someone you trust</li> <li>Writing about your feelings</li> <li>Using relaxation methods, such as meditation and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/canceralternativetherapies.html">complementary and alternative medicine</a> (CAM)</li> <li>Doing things you enjoy to give yourself a break from focusing on cancer</li> </ul> <p>If your emotions seem to take over your life, tell your provider. You may need extra support if you have symptoms of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html">panic disorder</a>.</p> <h3>Communicating with your health care team</h3> <p>During cancer treatment, you usually have a team of providers. Along with doctors and nurses, you may be able to talk with social workers, pharmacists, dietitians, and other health professionals.</p> <p>These professionals are prepared to help you deal with the issues that cancer brings up, including concerns about <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/financialassistance.html">finances</a>. But it's up to you to let your team know what's on your mind.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html">Good communication with your providers</a> may help you feel more in control and satisfied with your care. Your communications may be better if you:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Tell your providers how much you want to know about your cancer and its treatment.</strong> Do you want all the details or just the big picture?</li> <li><strong>Write down your questions and concerns before your visits.</strong></li> <li><strong>Bring a family member or a friend to your visits.</strong> This person can help by listening, taking notes, and asking questions.</li> </ul> <h3>Talking openly with family and friends</h3> <p>Cancer changes the daily routines and roles of the people who love and support you. They may need to start doing the things you've always done for them. And you may need their help doing things you've always done for yourself. These changes can be difficult for everyone.</p> <p>It may help to have an honest talk about changing roles and needs. If that sounds too difficult, ask a social worker or other member of your care team to help you talk with family and friends who are helping with your care. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html">These caregivers may need some support</a>, too.</p> <h3>Dealing with changes in your self-image</h3> <p>Cancer and its treatment may cause some big changes in how you look, feel, and think about yourself. For example, you may have:</p> <ul> <li>Less energy</li> <li>Temporary or permanent changes in your body, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scars.html">scars</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html">hair loss</a> from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealth.html">Problems being sexually close</a> or doubts about dating</li> </ul> <p>Coping with these changes can be hard. But most people find <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">ways to feel more positive</a> over time. If you feel well enough, you might try:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html">Exercise</a>.</strong> Walking, yoga, or other movement may help you feel stronger and more in control of your body. But check with your provider first.</li> <li><strong>Staying involved in life and helping others.</strong> Think about volunteering, hobbies, or other activities that might make you feel good about yourself.</li> <li><strong>Counseling for sexual problems.</strong> Talking with a professional, either with a partner or on your own, may help.</li> </ul> <h3>Adjusting to life after treatment</h3> <p>After treatment, you'll have regular cancer follow-up care. Your provider will explain the schedule of checkups and tests you'll need. This is a good time to discuss the challenges you may face ahead. Knowing what to expect may help you make plans as you find a "new normal" with cancer as part of your life.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Mental Health and Behavior Cáncer: Viviendo con cáncer Cancer Survivors Neoplasms psychology Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Cancer Cancer Chemotherapy Palliative Care Living with Cancer Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Cancer Institute Easy-to-Read NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Cancer Society Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute PDF NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Specifics National Cancer Institute Easy-to-Read NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Men National Cancer Institute NIH Women National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Children American Cancer Society Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Women American Cancer Society Specifics American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Men American Cancer Society Men National Cancer Institute NIH Men National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Videos and Tutorials National Cancer Institute Video NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Teenagers National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Aphthous ulcers <p>Canker sores are small, round sores in your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mouthdisorders.html">mouth</a>. They can be on the inside of your cheek, under your tongue, or in the back of your throat. They usually have a red edge and a gray center. They can be quite painful. They are not the same as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldsores.html">cold sores</a>, which are caused by herpes simplex.</p> <p>Canker sores aren't contagious. They may happen if you have a viral infection. They may also be triggered by stress, food allergies, lack of vitamins and minerals, hormonal changes or menstrual periods. In some cases the cause is unknown.</p> <p>In most cases, the sores go away by themselves. Some ointments, creams or rinses may help with the pain. Avoiding hot, spicy food while you have a canker sore also helps.</p> Mouth and Teeth Aftas bucales Stomatitis, Aphthous Spanish National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Aphthous Ulcers Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More VisualDX Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More American Academy of Oral Medicine Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More American Academy of Oral Medicine Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Azúcar en la dieta Hidratos de carbono <h3>¿Qué son los carbohidratos?</h3> <p>Los carbohidratos son moléculas de azúcar. Junto con las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html">proteínas </a> y las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">grasas</a>, los carbohidratos son uno de los tres nutrientes principales que se encuentran en alimentos y bebidas.</p> <p>Su cuerpo descompone los carbohidratos en glucosa. La glucosa, o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">azúcar en la sangre</a>, es la principal fuente de energía para las células, tejidos y órganos del cuerpo. La glucosa puede usarse inmediatamente o almacenarse en el hígado y los músculos para su uso posterior.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de carbohidratos?</h3> <p>Hay tres tipos principales de carbohidratos:</p> <ul> <li><strong> Azúcares</strong>: También se llaman carbohidratos simples porque se encuentran en su forma más básica. Pueden agregarse a los alimentos, como el azúcar en dulces, postres, alimentos procesados y refrescos. También incluyen los tipos de azúcar que se encuentran naturalmente en frutas, verduras y leche</li> <li><strong> Almidones</strong>: Son carbohidratos complejos que están hechos de muchos azúcares simples unidos. Su cuerpo necesita descomponer los almidones en azúcares para usarlos como energía. Los almidones incluyen pan, cereal y pasta. También incluyen ciertas verduras, como papas, guisantes y maíz</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html">Fibra</a></strong>: También es un carbohidrato complejo. Su cuerpo no puede descomponer la mayoría de la fibra, por lo que comer alimentos con fibra puede ayudarle a sentirse lleno y hacer que sea menos probable que coma en exceso. Las dietas altas en fibra tienen otros beneficios para la salud. Pueden ayudar a prevenir problemas estomacales o intestinales, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">estreñimiento</a>. También pueden ayudar a bajar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> y azúcar en la sangre. La fibra se encuentra en muchos alimentos que provienen de plantas, como frutas, verduras, nueces, semillas, frijoles y granos integrales</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué alimentos tienen carbohidratos?</h3> <p>Los alimentos comunes con carbohidratos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Granos: Como el pan, fideos, pastas, galletas saladas, cereales y arroz</li> <li>Frutas: Como manzanas, plátanos, bayas, mangos, melones y naranjas</li> <li>Productos lácteos: Como la leche y el yogurt</li> <li>Legumbres: Incluyendo frijoles secos, lentejas y guisantes</li> <li>Bocadillos y dulces: Como pasteles, galletas, dulces y otros postres</li> <li>Jugos, refrescos, bebidas de frutas, bebidas deportivas y bebidas energéticas con azúcar</li> <li>Verduras con almidón: Como papas, maíz y guisantes</li> </ul> <p>Algunos alimentos no tienen muchos carbohidratos, como la carne, pescado, pollo, algunos tipos de queso, nueces y aceites.</p> <h3>¿Qué tipos de carbohidratos debo comer?</h3> <p>Necesita comer algunos carbohidratos para entregarle energía a su cuerpo. Pero es importante comer los tipos adecuados de carbohidratos para su salud:</p> <ul> <li>Al comer granos, elija principalmente granos enteros y granos no refinados:</li> <ul> <li> Los granos integrales son alimentos como el pan integral, el arroz integral, la harina integral de maíz y la avena. Ofrecen muchos nutrientes que su cuerpo necesita, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">minerales </a> y fibra. Para determinar si un producto tiene una gran cantidad de granos integrales, revise la lista de ingredientes en el paquete y vea si aparece algún grano integral dentro de los primeros enumerados</li> <li>Los granos refinados son alimentos a los que se les ha eliminado parte de los granos. Esto también elimina algunos de los nutrientes que son buenos para su salud</li> </ul> <li>Prefiera alimentos con mucha fibra: La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodlabeling.html">etiqueta de información nutricional</a> en la parte posterior de los paquetes de alimentos indica la cantidad de fibra que tiene un producto</li> <li>Trate de evitar los alimentos que tienen mucha azúcar agregada: Estos alimentos pueden tener muchas calorías pero poca nutrición. Comer demasiada azúcar agregada aumenta el azúcar en la sangre y puede hacer que suba de peso. Puede saber si un alimento o bebida tiene azúcares agregados al revisar la etiqueta de información nutricional en la parte posterior del paquete de alimentos. Le indica cuánta azúcar total y azúcar agregada hay en ese alimento o bebida</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuántos carbohidratos debo comer?</h3> <p>No hay una cantidad única de carbohidratos que las personas deban consumir. Esta cantidad puede variar, dependiendo de factores como su edad, sexo, salud y si está tratando de bajar o subir de peso. En promedio, las personas deben obtener del 45 al 65% de sus calorías de los carbohidratos todos los días. En las etiquetas de información nutricional, el valor diario de carbohidratos totales es de 275 gramos por día. Esto se basa en una dieta diaria de 2,000 calorías. Su valor diario puede ser mayor o menor dependiendo de sus necesidades calóricas y de su salud.</p> <h3>¿Es seguro comer una dieta baja en carbohidratos?</h3> <p>Algunas personas siguen una dieta baja en carbohidratos para tratar de bajar de peso. Esto generalmente significa comer 25 gramos y 150 gramos de carbohidratos por día. Este tipo de dieta puede ser segura, pero debe hablar con su profesional de la salud antes de comenzar. Un problema con las dietas bajas en carbohidratos es que pueden limitar la cantidad de fibra que obtiene cada día. También pueden ser difíciles de seguir a largo plazo.</p> Alimentos y nutrición Carbohydrates Dieta para diabéticos Fibra en la dieta Nutrición Proteínas en la dieta Azúcar en la dieta Hidratos de carbono en la dieta Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH <p>Metabolism is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Chemicals in your digestive system (enzymes) break the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body tissues. If you have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html">metabolic disorder</a>, something goes wrong with this process.</p> <p>Carbohydrate metabolism disorders are a group of metabolic disorders. Normally your enzymes break <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html">carbohydrates</a> down into glucose (a type of sugar). If you have one of these disorders, you may not have enough enzymes to break down the carbohydrates. Or the enzymes may not work properly. This causes a harmful amount of sugar to build up in your body. That can lead to health problems, some of which can be serious. Some of the disorders are fatal.</p> <p>These disorders are inherited. Newborn babies get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">screened</a> for many of them, using blood tests. If there is a family history of one of these disorders, parents can get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">genetic testing</a> to see whether they carry the gene. Other genetic tests can tell whether the fetus has the disorder or carries the gene for the disorder.</p> <p>Treatments may include special diets, supplements, and medicines. Some babies may also need additional treatments, if there are complications. For some disorders, there is no cure, but treatments may help with symptoms.</p> Metabolic Problems Trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors Spanish Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders Carbohydrates Lactose Intolerance Lipid Metabolism Disorders Metabolic Disorders Mucopolysaccharidoses Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Liver Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Liver Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Marrow Donor Program Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National MPS Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Carbs <h3>What are carbohydrates?</h3> <p>Carbohydrates, or carbs, are sugar molecules. Along with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html">proteins</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fats</a>, carbohydrates are one of three main nutrients found in foods and drinks.</p> <p>Your body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose. Glucose, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a>, is the main source of energy for your body's cells, tissues, and organs. Glucose can be used immediately or stored in the liver and muscles for later use.</p> <h3>What are the different types of carbohydrates?</h3> <p>There are three main types of carbohydrates:</p><ul> <li><strong>Sugars.</strong> They are also called simple carbohydrates because they are in the most basic form. They can be added to foods, such as the sugar in candy, desserts, processed foods, and regular soda. They also include the kinds of sugar that are found naturally in fruits, vegetables, and milk.</li> <li><strong>Starches.</strong> They are complex carbohydrates, which are made of lots of simple sugars strung together. Your body needs to break starches down into sugars to use them for energy. Starches include bread, cereal, and pasta. They also include certain vegetables, like potatoes, peas, and corn.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html">Fiber</a>.</strong> It is also a complex carbohydrate. Your body cannot break down most fibers, so eating foods with fiber can help you feel full and make you less likely to overeat. Diets high in fiber have other health benefits. They may help prevent stomach or intestinal problems, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">constipation</a>. They may also help lower <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">cholesterol</a> and blood sugar. Fiber is found in many foods that come from plants, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, beans, and whole grains.</li> </ul> <h3>Which foods have carbohydrates?</h3> <p>Common foods with carbohydrates include:</p><ul> <li>Grains, such as bread, noodles, pasta, crackers, cereals, and rice</li> <li>Fruits, such as apples, bananas, berries, mangoes, melons, and oranges</li> <li>Dairy products, such as milk and yogurt</li> <li>Legumes, including dried beans, lentils, and peas</li> <li>Snack foods and sweets, such as cakes, cookies, candy, and other desserts</li> <li>Juices, regular sodas, fruit drinks, sports drinks, and energy drinks that contain sugar</li> <li>Starchy vegetables, such as potatoes, corn, and peas</li> </ul> <p>Some foods don't have a lot of carbohydrates, such as meat, fish, poultry, some types of cheese, nuts, and oils.</p> <h3>Which types of carbohydrates should I eat?</h3> <p>You do need to eat some carbohydrates to give your body energy. But it's important to eat the right kinds of carbohydrates for your health:</p><ul> <li>When eating grains, choose mostly whole grains and not refined grains: <ul> <li>Whole grains are foods like whole-wheat bread, brown rice, whole cornmeal, and oatmeal. They offer lots of nutrients that your body needs, like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">minerals</a>, and fiber. To figure out whether a product has a lot of whole grain, check the ingredients list on the package and see if a whole grain is one of the first few items listed.</li> <li>Refined grains are foods that have had some parts of the grains removed. This also removes some of the nutrients that are good for your health.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Eat foods with lots of fiber. The <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodlabeling.html">Nutrition Facts labels</a> on the back of food packages tells you how much fiber a product has.</li> <li>Try to avoid foods that have a lot of added sugar. These foods can have many calories but not much nutrition. Eating too much added sugar raises your blood sugar and can make you gain weight. You can tell if a food or drink has added sugars by looking at the Nutrition Facts label on the back of the food package. It tells you how much total sugar and added sugar is in that food or drink.</li> </ul> <h3>How many carbohydrates should I eat?</h3> <p>There is no one-size-fits-all amount of carbohydrates that people should eat. This amount can vary, depending on factors such as your age, sex, health, and whether or not you are trying to lose or gain weight. On average, people should get 45 to 65% of their calories from carbohydrates every day. On the Nutrition Facts labels, the Daily Value for total carbohydrates is 275 g per day. This is based on a 2,000-calorie daily diet. Your Daily Value may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs and health.</p> <h3>Is it safe to eat a low-carb diet?</h3> <p>Some people go on a low-carb diet to try to lose weight. This usually means eating between 25 g and 150 g of carbs each day. This kind of diet can be safe, but you should talk to your health care provider before starting it. One problem with low-carb diets is that they can limit the amount of fiber you get each day. They can also be hard to stay on for the long term.</p> Food and Nutrition Carbohidratos en la dieta Dietary Carbohydrates Spanish Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders Diabetic Diet Dietary Fiber Dietary Proteins Nutrition Corn Syrup Sugar Sugar Substitutes Sweeteners, Artificial Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Children American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Heart Association Teenagers Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Children American Academy of Pediatrics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Heart Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research CO poisoning <p>Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas that has no odor or color. But it is very dangerous. It can cause sudden illness and death. CO is found in combustion fumes, such as those made by cars and trucks, lanterns, stoves, gas ranges and heating systems. CO from these fumes can build up in places that don't have a good flow of fresh air. You can be poisoned by breathing them in. The most common symptoms of CO poisoning are:</p><ul> <li> Headache</li> <li> Dizziness</li> <li> Weakness</li> <li> Nausea</li> <li> Vomiting</li> <li> Chest pain</li> <li> Confusion</li> </ul> <p>It is often hard to tell if someone has CO poisoning, because the symptoms may be like those of other illnesses. People who are sleeping or intoxicated can die from CO poisoning before they have symptoms. A CO detector can warn you if you have high levels of CO in your home. </p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Envenenamiento con monóxido de carbono Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Ilocano Korean Portuguese Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese CO Poisoning Start Here Patient Handouts Consumer Product Safety Commission PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Consumer Product Safety Commission Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Red Cross PDF Start Here United States Fire Administration Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Consumer Product Safety Commission PDF Find an Expert Environmental Protection Agency Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Pediatrics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Older Adults Environmental Protection Agency PDF Journal Articles Videos and Tutorials Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Video Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health <p>Carcinoid tumors are rare, slow-growing cancers. They usually start in the lining of the digestive tract or in the lungs. They grow slowly and don't produce symptoms in the early stages. As a result, the average age of people diagnosed with digestive or lung carcinoids is about 60. </p> <p>In later stages the tumors sometimes produce hormones that can cause carcinoid syndrome. The syndrome causes flushing of the face and upper chest, diarrhea, and trouble breathing. </p> <p>Surgery is the main treatment for carcinoid tumors. If they haven't spread to other parts of the body, surgery can cure the cancer. </p> Cancers Carcinoide Carcinoid Tumor Spanish National Cancer Institute Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Carcinoid Cancer Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Genetics American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society <p>Los tumores carcinoides son cánceres raros y de crecimiento lento. Comienzan en la membrana interna de las vías digestivas o en los pulmones. Crecen lentamente y no presentan síntomas en las etapas tempranas. Debido a esto, la edad promedio de las personas al momento del diagnóstico es aproximadamente de 60 años de edad. </p> <p>En etapas más avanzadas, el tumor a veces produce hormonas que provocan síndrome carcinoide. El síndrome causa enrojecimiento de la cara y la parte superior del pecho, diarrea y problemas respiratorios. </p> <p>El principal tratamiento para los carcinoides es la cirugía. Si no se han diseminado a otras partes del cuerpo, la cirugía puede curar el cáncer. </p> Cánceres Carcinoid Tumors Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Cardiac rehabilitation (rehab) is a medically supervised program to help people who have:</p><ul> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html">Angioplasty</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html">coronary artery bypass grafting</a> for coronary heart disease</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html">heart valve</a> repair or replacement</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html">heart transplant</a> or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html">lung transplant</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html">Angina</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure</a></li> </ul> <p>The goal is to help you return to an active life, and to reduce the risk of further heart problems. A team of specialists will create a plan for you that includes exercise training, education on heart healthy living, and counseling to reduce stress. You will learn how to reduce your risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, depression, and diabetes. Being overweight, having obesity, smoking, and not exercising are other risk factors. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Surgery and Rehabilitation Rehabilitación cardíaca Cardiac Rehabilitation Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Heart Attack Heart Diseases How to Prevent Heart Disease Heart Diseases--Rehabilitation Related Issues American Heart Association Find an Expert American Heart Association Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Heart Association Living With American Heart Association Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Heart Association Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Living With American Heart Association Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Heart Association Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Heart Association Miocardiopatía <p>Cardiomiopatía es el nombre que se usa para llamar a las enfermedades del músculo cardíaco. Estas enfermedades aumentan el tamaño del corazón o lo hacen más grueso y rígido que lo normal. En raros casos, el tejido cicatrizante reemplaza el tejido muscular. </p> <p>Algunas personas con cardiomiopatía tienen vidas largas y sanas. Muchas de ellas no se dan cuenta de que la tienen. Sin embargo, en otros casos puede hacer que el corazón sea menos capaz de bombear sangre a todo el cuerpo. Esto puede causar complicaciones serias, entre ellas:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Insuficiencia cardiaca</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Ritmos cardíacos anormales</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html">Paro cardíaco</a> </li> </ul> <p>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">infartos</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">hipertensión arterial</a>, algunas infecciones y otras enfermedades también pueden causar cardiomiopatía. Algunos tipos de cardiomiopatía son hereditarios. A pesar de eso, en muchas personas se desconoce la causa. El tratamiento puede incluir medicinas, cirugía, otros procedimientos médicos y cambios en el estilo de vida. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Cardiomyopathy Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Defectos cardíacos congénitos Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy Dilated cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Myocardiopathy Restrictive cardiomyopathy <p>Cardiomyopathy is the name for diseases of the heart muscle. These diseases enlarge your heart muscle or make it thicker and more rigid than normal. In rare cases, scar tissue replaces the muscle tissue.</p> <p>Some people live long, healthy lives with cardiomyopathy. Some people don't even realize they have it. In others, however, it can make the heart less able to pump blood through the body. This can cause serious complications, including:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure </a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">Abnormal heart rhythms </a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html">Heart valve problems</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html">Sudden cardiac arrest</a> (SCA)</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">Heart attacks</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>, infections, and other diseases can all cause cardiomyopathy. Some types of cardiomyopathy run in families. In many people, however, the cause is unknown. Treatment might involve medicines, surgery, other medical procedures, and lifestyle changes. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Cardiomiopatía Cardiomyopathies Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Congenital Heart Defects Heart Health Tests Find an Expert American Heart Association Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Texas Heart Institute Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Children Children's Cardiomyopathy Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Texas Heart Institute Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Heart Association Specifics American Heart Association Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Texas Heart Institute Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Caring for the caregiver <h3>What is a caregiver?</h3> <p>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caregivers.html">caregiver</a> gives care to someone who needs help taking care of themselves. The person who needs help may be a child, an adult, or an older adult. They may need help because of an injury, chronic illness, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">disability</a>.</p> <p>Some caregivers are informal caregivers. They are usually family members or friends. Other caregivers are paid professionals. Caregivers may give care at home or in a hospital or other health care setting. Sometimes they are caregiving from a distance. The types of tasks that caregivers do may include:</p><ul> <li>Helping with daily tasks like bathing, eating, or taking medicine</li> <li>Arranging activities and medical care</li> <li>Making health and financial decisions</li> </ul> <h3>How does caregiving affect the caregiver?</h3> <p>Caregiving can be rewarding. It may help to strengthen connections to a loved one. You may feel fulfillment from helping someone else. But caregiving may also be stressful and sometimes even overwhelming. Caregiving may involve meeting complex demands without any training or help. You may also be working and have children or others to care for. To meet all of the demands, you might be putting your own needs and feelings aside. But that's not good for your long-term health. But you need to make sure that you are also taking care of yourself.</p> <h3>What is caregiver stress?</h3> <p>Many caregivers are affected by caregiver <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>. This is the stress that comes from the emotional and physical strain of caregiving. The signs include:</p><ul> <li>Feeling overwhelmed</li> <li>Feeling alone, isolated, or deserted by others</li> <li>Sleeping too much or too little</li> <li>Gaining or losing a lot of weight</li> <li>Feeling tired most of the time</li> <li>Losing interest in activities you used to enjoy</li> <li>Becoming easily irritated or angered</li> <li>Feeling worried or sad often</li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">headaches</a> or body aches often</li> <li>Turning to unhealthy behaviors like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">smoking</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">drinking too much alcohol</a></li> </ul> <h3>How can caregiver stress affect my health?</h3> <p>Long-term caregiver stress may put you at risk for many different health problems. Some of these problems can be serious. They include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a></li> <li>A weak immune system</li> <li>Excess weight and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li>Chronic diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, cancer, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">arthritis</a>. Depression and obesity can raise the risk of these diseases even more.</li> <li>Problems with short-term <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html">memory</a> or paying attention</li> </ul> <h3>What can I do to prevent or relieve caregiver stress?</h3> <p>Taking steps to prevent or relieve caregiver stress may help prevent health problems. Remember that if you feel better, you can take better care of your loved one. It will also be easier to focus on the rewards of caregiving. Some ways to help yourself include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Learning better ways to help your loved one.</strong> For examples, hospitals offer classes that can teach you how to care for someone with an injury or illness.</li> <li><strong>Finding caregiving resources in your community to help you.</strong> Many communities have adult daycare services or respite services. Using one of these can give you a break from your caregiving duties.</li> <li><strong>Asking for and accepting help.</strong> Make a list of ways others can help you. Let helpers choose what they would like to do. For instance, someone might sit with the person you care for while you do an errand. Someone else might pick up groceries for you.</li> <li><strong>Joining a support group for caregivers.</strong> A support group can allow you to share stories, pick up caregiving tips, and get support from others who face the same challenges as you do.</li> <li><strong>Being organized</strong> to make caregiving more manageable. Make to-do lists and set a daily routine.</li> <li><strong>Staying in touch with family and friends.</strong> It's important for you to have emotional support.</li> <li><strong>Taking care of your own health.</strong> Try to find time to be <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">physically active</a> on most days of the week, choose healthy foods, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">get enough sleep</a>. Make sure that you keep up with your medical care such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html">regular checkups</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html">screenings</a>.</li> <li><strong>Considering taking a break from your job</strong>, if you also work and are feeling overwhelmed. Under the federal Family and Medical Leave Act, eligible employees can take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave per year to care for relatives. Check with your human resources office about your options.</li> </ul> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Social/Family Issues Salud del cuidador Caregivers Spanish National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Caregivers Caregivers Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Related Issues Alzheimer's Association Start Here AGS Health in Aging Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics Alzheimer's Association Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Family Caregiver Alliance Start Here American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics American Heart Association PDF Easy-to-Read <p>A caregiver gives care to someone who needs help taking care of themselves. The person who needs help may be a child, an adult, or an older adult. They may need help because of an injury or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">disability</a>. Or they may have a chronic illness such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a> or cancer.</p> <p>Some caregivers are informal caregivers. They are usually family members or friends. Other caregivers are paid professionals. Caregivers may give care at home or in a hospital or other health care setting. Sometimes they are caregiving from a distance. The types of tasks that caregivers do may include:</p><ul> <li>Helping with daily tasks like bathing, eating, or taking medicine</li> <li>Doing housework and cooking</li> <li>Running errands such as shopping for food and clothes</li> <li>Driving the person to appointments</li> <li>Providing company and emotional support</li> <li>Arranging activities and medical care</li> <li>Making health and financial decisions</li> </ul> <p>Caregiving can be rewarding. It may help to strengthen connections to a loved one. You may feel fulfillment from helping someone else. But caregiving may also be stressful and sometimes even overwhelming. You may be "on call" for 24 hours a day. You may also be working outside the home and taking care of children. So you need to make sure that you are not ignoring your own needs. You have to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html">take care of your own physical and mental health</a> as well. Because when you feel better, you can take better care of your loved one. It will also be easier to focus on the rewards of caregiving.</p> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Social/Family Issues Health System Proveedor de atención al paciente Caregivers Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Caregivers Caregiver Health Home Care Services NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert USAging Related Issues Administration for Community Living Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF Find an Expert Caregiver Action Network Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research Family Caregiver Alliance Related Issues American Heart Association Easy-to-Read Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine Related Issues Family Caregiver Alliance Related Issues Family Caregiver Alliance Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF Related Issues Administration for Community Living Find an Expert Family Caregiver Alliance Specifics Administration for Community Living PDF Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF Specifics National Multiple Sclerosis Society PDF Related Issues Family Caregiver Alliance Start Here Family Caregiver Alliance Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics Family Caregiver Alliance Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics Muscular Dystrophy Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Veterans Health Administration Related Issues National Institute on Aging Video NIH Caries dentales <h3>¿Qué es una caries?</h3> <p>La caries es el daño en la superficie o esmalte de un diente. Ocurre cuando bacterias en la boca fabrican ácido que ataca el esmalte. Las caries son huecos en el diente. Si no son tratadas, pueden causar dolor, infección e incluso pérdida de dientes.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la causa de las caries?</h3> <p>Nuestras bocas están llenas de bacteria. Algunas bacterias son beneficiosas, pero otras dañinas, incluyendo las que causan las caries. Estas bacterias se mezclan con la comida para formar una capa pegajosa llamada placa bacteriana. Las bacterias usan el azúcar y el almidón que usted come y toma para fabricar ácidos. Estos ácidos corroen los minerales del esmalte. Con el tiempo, la placa se endurece y forma el sarro. Además de dañar sus dientes, la placa y el sarro puede irritar sus encías y causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html">enfermedades de las encías</a>.</p> <p>Usted obtiene el flúor de la pasta dental, agua y otras fuentes. Este flúor, junto a la saliva, ayuda al esmalte a repararse a sí mismo al reemplazar los minerales perdidos. Sus dientes pasan por este proceso de perder y recuperar minerales durante el día. Pero si no cuida sus dientes y/o come muchos alimentos azucarados, su esmalte seguirá perdiendo minerales. Esto conduce a la aparición de caries.</p> <p>Puede aparecer una mancha blanca donde se han perdido minerales. Este es un signo temprano de caries. Es posible que pueda detenerla o revertirla. Su esmalte aún puede repararse a sí mismo si cuida mejor sus dientes y limita los alimentos y bebidas azucarados o almidonados.</p> <p>Pero si el proceso de caries dental continúa, se pierden más minerales. Con el tiempo, el esmalte se debilita y se destruye, formando una caries, o un agujero en su diente. Este es un daño permanente que un dentista tiene que reparar con un relleno.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de caries?</h3> <p>Los principales factores de riesgo de caries dental son descuidar sus dientes y consumir demasiadas comidas y bebidas azucaradas o con almidón.</p> <p>Algunas personas tienen un mayor riesgo de caries dentales, incluyendo quieres:</p> <ul> <li>No tienen suficiente saliva debido a medicamentos, ciertas enfermedades o algunos tratamientos para el cáncer</li> <li>No obtener suficiente flúor</li> <li>Son muy jóvenes. Los bebés y niños pequeños que toman biberón están en riesgo, especialmente si se les da jugo o se los toman a la hora de acostarse. Esto expone sus dientes a los azúcares durante largos períodos de tiempo</li> <li>Son mayores. Muchos adultos mayores tienen encías en retroceso y más desgaste en sus dientes. Estos aumentan el riesgo de caries en las superficies expuestas de las raíces de sus dientes</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las caries?</h3> <p>La caries dental temprana por lo general no tiene síntomas. A medida que la caries empeora, puede causar:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor de dientes</li> <li>Sensibilidad a los dulces, calientes o fríos</li> <li>Manchas blancas o marrones en la superficie de un diente</li> <li>Un hueco</li> <li>Una infección que puede provocar la formación de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html">absceso</a> (bolsa de pus). El absceso puede causar dolor, hinchazón facial y fiebre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las caries?</h3> <p>En general, los dentistas encuentran caries al observar sus dientes y examinarlos con instrumentos dentales. Su dentista también le preguntará si tiene algún síntoma. A veces es posible que necesite una radiografía dental.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las caries?</h3> <p>Existen varios tratamientos para la caries dental. El tratamiento que reciba depende de qué tan serio sea el problema:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Tratamientos con flúor:</strong> Si tiene caries dental temprana, un tratamiento con flúor puede ayudar al esmalte a repararse por sí mismo</li> <li><strong>Rellenos:</strong> Si tiene una caries típica, su dentista removerá el tejido dental cariado y luego lo restaurará llenándolo con un material de relleno</li> <li><strong>Tratamiento de conducto:</strong> Si el daño al diente y/o una infección se extienden a la pulpa (interior del diente), es posible que necesite una endodoncia. Su dentista extirpará la pulpa cariada y limpiará el interior del diente y la raíz. El siguiente paso es tapar el diente con un relleno temporal. Luego tendrá que regresar para obtener un relleno permanente o una corona (una cubierta en el diente)</li> <li><strong>Extracción:</strong> En los casos más severos, cuando el daño a la pulpa no puede ser reparado, su dentista puede sacar el diente. Su dentista le sugerirá que obtenga un puente o implante para reemplazar la pieza faltante. De lo contrario, los dientes junto a la pieza extraída pueden moverse y cambiar su mordida</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la caries dental?</h3> <p>Hay pasos que puede tomar para prevenir la caries dental:</p> <ul> <li>Obtenga suficiente flúor <ul> <li>Cepíllese con una pasta dental con flúor</li> <li>Beba agua del grifo con flúor. La mayoría del agua embotellada no contiene flúor</li> <li>Use un enjuague bucal con flúor</li> </ul> </li> <li>Practique una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html">buena salud bucal</a> al cepillarse los dientes dos veces al día con una pasta dental con fluoruro y usar hilo dental regularmente</li> <li>Opte por alimentos y bebidas que no tengan un alto contenido de azúcares y almidones. Consuma comidas nutritivas, balanceadas y limite las meriendas</li> <li>No use productos de tabaco, incluido el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokelesstobacco.html">tabaco sin humo</a>. Si actualmente consume tabaco, considere <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar de fumar</a></li> <li>Visite a un dentista para chequeos regulares y limpiezas profesionales</li> <li>Asegúrese de que a sus hijos le sellen los dientes. Los selladores dentales son recubrimientos plásticos delgados que protegen las superficies de los dientes posteriores. Los niños deben ponerse selladores en sus dientes traseros tan pronto salgan, antes de que las caries puedan atacar los dientes</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial </p> Salud oral y dental Tooth Decay Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Salud dental Salud dental del niño Trastornos dentales Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Dental de California PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Dental Americana Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH <p>Your carotid arteries are two large blood vessels in your neck. They supply your brain and head with blood. If you have carotid artery disease, the arteries become narrow or blocked, usually because of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">atherosclerosis</a>. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque, which is made up of fat, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">cholesterol</a>, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.</p> <p>Carotid artery disease is serious because it can block the blood flow to your brain, causing a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html">stroke</a>. Too much plaque in the artery can cause a blockage. You can also have a blockage when a piece of plaque or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clot</a> breaks off the wall of an artery. The plaque or clot can travel through the bloodstream and get stuck in one of your brain's smaller arteries.</p> <p>Carotid artery disease often does not cause symptoms until the blockage or narrowing is severe. One sign may be a bruit (whooshing sound) that your doctor hears when listening to your artery with a stethoscope. Another sign is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html">transient ischemic attack</a> (TIA), a "mini-stroke." A TIA is like a stroke, but it only lasts a few minutes, and the symptoms usually go away within an hour. Stroke is another sign.</p> <p>Imaging tests can confirm whether you have carotid artery disease.</p> <p>Treatments may include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html">Healthy lifestyle changes</a></li> <li>Medicines</li> <li>Carotid endarterectomy, surgery to remove the plaque</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html">Angioplasty</a>, a procedure to place a balloon and stent into the artery to open it and hold it open</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Enfermedades de las arterias carótidas Carotid Artery Diseases Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Atherosclerosis Ischemic Stroke Stroke Transient Ischemic Attack Carotid Endarterectomy Find an Expert American Stroke Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Texas Heart Institute Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Median nerve entrapment <h3>What is carpal tunnel syndrome?</h3> <p>Carpal tunnel syndrome is the name for a group of problems that includes numbness, tingling, weakness, or pain in your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html">wrist</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/handinjuriesanddisorders.html">hand</a>. It's a very common condition that happens when a nerve in your wrist becomes squeezed.</p> <p>The carpal tunnel is a narrow opening between the bones in your wrist and the ligament that holds them together. A nerve, called the median nerve, runs from your lower arm through the carpal tunnel and into your hand. This nerve provides feeling to your thumb and first three fingers. It also helps you move your thumb.</p> <p>Tendons also run from your lower arm, through the carpal tunnel, and into your hand. The tendons connect your finger bones to muscles in your arm, so you can bend your fingers.</p> <p>If the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html">tendons become swollen</a> or irritated inside the carpal tunnel, they may press on the nerve. The squeezed nerve may not work well, which can lead to numbness, weakness, and other symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome.</p> <h3>What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?</h3> <p>In certain cases, the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome is unknown. But it usually happens from a combination of things that affect the structures in your wrist, such as:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Injury to your wrist</strong> that causes swelling, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">sprain</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">broken bone</a></li> <li><strong>Health conditions</strong> that can affect your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html">nerves</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jointdisorders.html">joints</a>, or other parts of your wrist, for example: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html">Rheumatoid arthritis</a>.</li> <li>A cyst or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html">tumor</a> in your wrist.</li> <li>Changes in certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a>, which may cause swelling from extra fluid in your body. Examples include an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html">underactive thyroid gland</a> (hypothyroidism), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnancy</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">menopause.</a></li> <li>Problems with the way your wrist is formed.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Doing the same wrist and hand movements</strong> over and over, such as: <ul> <li>Assembly line work.</li> <li>Carpentry or using tools that vibrate.</li> <li>Knitting, gardening, or sports, such as golf.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Researchers aren't sure whether long-term typing or computer use leads to carpal tunnel syndrome.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop carpal tunnel syndrome?</h3> <p>Carpal tunnel syndrome usually happens only in adults. You're more likely to develop it if you:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Are a woman.</strong> Women are three times more likely to have carpal tunnel syndrome than men.</li> <li><strong>Have a health condition</strong> that may affect structures in your wrist.</li> <li><strong>Do activities with repeated hand motions.</strong></li> <li><strong>Have had a wrist injury.</strong></li> <li><strong>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/carpal-tunnel-syndrome/">a close relative</a></strong> who has had carpal tunnel syndrome, such as a parent, brother or sister.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?</h3> <p>You may feel <strong>numbness, tingling</strong> or <strong>burning</strong> in your fingers, especially in your thumb, index, and middle fingers. Symptoms often affect both hands.</p> <p>In the early stages, symptoms usually:</p> <ul> <li>Start slowly in your dominant hand (the one you write with)</li> <li>Happen at night if you sleep with your wrists bent</li> </ul> <p>As symptoms get worse, you may notice:</p> <ul> <li>Tingling, pain, or weakness with certain activities, such as driving or holding a phone</li> <li>Difficulty grasping or holding small things</li> <li>Feeling like your fingers are swollen when they're not</li> </ul> <p>Without treatment, you could lose feeling in some fingers and have permanent weakness in your thumb. But early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent lasting damage.</p><p> </p><h3>How is carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have carpal tunnel syndrome, your health care provider will:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Ask about your medical history</strong></li> <li><strong>Ask about your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/familyhistory.html">family health history</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Do a physical exam</strong></li> <li><strong>Order tests if needed</strong>, such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/laboratorytests.html">Lab tests</a> to look for diseases that may damage nerves</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">X-rays</a> to look for broken bones or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">arthritis</a></li> <li>Tests to measure the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">electrical activity in your nerves and muscles</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">Ultrasound</a> to check the nerve in the carpal tunnel</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome?</h3> <p>It's easier to treat carpal tunnel syndrome early on, so you should start treatment as soon as possible. Your provider will first treat any health conditions you have that may cause your symptoms. The next step would be treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome. They may include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Wrist splints</strong> (usually worn at night).</li> <li><strong>Rest.</strong></li> <li><strong>Medicines to reduce swelling and pain:</strong></li> <ul> <li>Over-the-counter <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a></strong>, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen sodium.</li> <li><strong>Prescription</strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">steroids</a>, either pills or an injection (shot) into your wrist.</li> </ul> <li><strong><a href="complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" tid="132">Other therapies (complementary and integrative medicine)</a>.</strong> Research shows that yoga may help with pain and weakness. Some people may find <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html">acupuncture</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chiropractic.html">chiropractic</a> care helpful, but research hasn't shown that these therapies can improve carpal tunnel syndrome. If you want to try other therapies, talk with your provider first.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/surgery.html">Surgery</a> to make more space in the carpal tunnel.</strong> Surgery may be an option if your symptoms are severe and other treatments don't work. It involves cutting the wrist ligament to take pressure off the nerve. Recovery may take months. Carpal tunnel syndrome rarely comes back after surgery, but mild symptoms may last.</li> </ul> <h3>Can carpal tunnel syndrome be prevented?</h3> <p>You may help prevent carpal tunnel syndrome if you protect your wrists:</p> <ul> <li>Use <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/guidetogoodposture.html">good posture</a> to keep your wrists in a natural position.</li> <li>Keep your hands warm to keep your muscles flexible. Fingerless gloves may help.</li> <li>Take work breaks and vary your tasks.</li> <li>Stretch and exercise your hands and wrists.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ergonomics.html">Organize your workspace and tools to reduce strain</a> on your hands and wrists.</li> </ul> Bones, Joints and Muscles Brain and Nerves Síndrome del túnel carpiano Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Hand Injuries and Disorders Wrist Injuries and Disorders Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here American College of Rheumatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Occupational Safety and Health Administration Prevention and Risk Factors Occupational Safety and Health Administration Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Cartilage is the tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends of your bones at a joint. It also gives shape and support to other parts of your body, such as your ears, nose and windpipe. Healthy cartilage helps you move by allowing your bones to glide over each other. It also protects bones by preventing them from rubbing against each other. </p> <p>Injured, inflamed, or damaged cartilage can cause symptoms such as pain and limited movement. It can also lead to joint damage and deformity. Causes of cartilage problems include :</p><ul> <li> Tears and injuries, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">sports injuries</a></li> <li> Genetic factors </li> <li> Other disorders, such as some types of arthritis</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoarthritis</a> results from breakdown of cartilage.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Enfermedades del cartílago Cartilage Diseases Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Connective Tissue Disorders Elbow Injuries and Disorders Joint Disorders Knee Injuries and Disorders Costochondritis Polychondritis Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Children Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Related Issues National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Teenagers National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Dermatitis seborreica Eccema seborreico Seborrea <p>El cuero cabelludo es la piel que cubre la parte superior de su cabeza. A menos que se le <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html">caiga el pelo</a>, el cabello crece en el cuero cabelludo. Diferentes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html">problemas de la piel</a> pueden afectar su cuero cabelludo.</p> <p>La caspa es una descamación de la piel. Las escamas son amarillas o blancas. La caspa puede provocar picazón en su cuero cabelludo. Por lo general, comienza después de la pubertad y es más común en los hombres. Usualmente, la caspa es un síntoma de la dermatitis seborreica o seborrea, una afección de la piel que causa enrojecimiento e irritación.</p> <p>La mayoría de las veces, el uso de un champú anticaspa puede ayudar a controlar la caspa. Si eso no funciona, contacte a su proveedor de salud.</p> <p>Hay un tipo de dermatitis seborreica que puede afectar a los bebés, la costra láctea. Por lo general, dura unos pocos meses y luego desaparece por sí sola. Además del cuero cabelludo, a veces puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo, como los párpados, las axilas, la ingle y las orejas. Lavar el cabello de su bebé todos los días con un champú suave y frotar suavemente el cuero cabelludo con los dedos o con un cepillo suave puede ayudar. Para los casos severos, el médico puede recetarle algún champú o crema.</p> <p>Otros problemas que pueden afectar el cuero cabelludo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tineainfections.html">Tiña</a> del cuero cabelludo: Infección por hongos que causa manchas rojas en la cabeza que causan picazón. También puede dejar áreas calvas. Por lo general, afecta a los niños</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html">Psoriasis</a> del cuero cabelludo: Causa manchas que pican o piel gruesa, roja con escamas plateadas que provocan dolor. Cerca de la mitad de las personas con psoriasis la presentan en su cuero cabelludo </li> </ul> Piel, cabello y uñas Dandruff, Cradle Cap, and Other Scalp Conditions Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Enfermedades de la piel Infecciones por tiña Piojos de la cabeza Problemas comunes de los recién nacidos Psoriasis Costra láctea Cuero cabelludo, Enfermedades Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. CSD Cat scratch fever <p>Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an illness caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. Almost half of all cats carry the infection at some point. The infection does not make cats sick. However, the scratch or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html">bite</a> of an infected cat can cause symptoms in people, including :</p><ul> <li>Swollen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html">lymph nodes</a>, especially around the head, neck, and upper limbs</li> <li>Fever</li> <li> Headache</li> <li>Fatigue</li> <li>Poor appetite </li> </ul> <p>For people with weak immune systems, CSD may cause more serious problems. The best way to avoid CSD is to avoid rough play with cats that could lead to scratches or bites. If you do get a scratch or bite, wash it well with soap and water. If the bite or scratch gets infected or if you have symptoms of CSD, call your doctor. </p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Enfermedad por arañazo de gato Cat-Scratch Disease Spanish Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles <p>A cataract is a clouding of the lens in your eye. It affects your vision. Cataracts are very common in older people. By age 80, more than half of all Americans either have a cataract or have had cataract surgery.</p> <p>A cataract can occur in either or both eyes. It cannot spread from one eye to the other. Common symptoms are:</p><ul> <li>Blurry vision</li> <li>Colors that seem faded</li> <li>Glare - headlights, lamps or sunlight may seem too bright. You may also see a halo around lights.</li> <li>Not being able to see well at night</li> <li>Double vision </li> <li>Frequent prescription changes in your eye wear </li> </ul> <p>Cataracts usually develop slowly. New glasses, brighter lighting, anti-glare sunglasses or magnifying lenses can help at first. Surgery is also an option. It involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial lens. Wearing sunglasses and a hat with a brim to block ultraviolet sunlight may help to delay cataracts.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Eye Institute</p> Older Adults Eyes and Vision Cataratas Cataract Spanish National Eye Institute Eye Diseases Vision Impairment and Blindness Artificial Lens Intraocular Lens Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Find an Expert American Foundation for the Blind Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Videos and Tutorials Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Ophthalmology Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Ophthalmology Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Related Issues Prevent Blindness America PDF Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Society of Retina Specialists Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Ophthalmology Journal Articles Related Issues American Society of Retina Specialists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology <p>Una catarata opaca o nubla el lente del ojo. Esto afecta la vista. Las cataratas son muy comunes en las personas mayores. A los 80 años de edad, más de la mitad de las personas que viven en los Estados Unidos tiene cataratas o se ha sometido a una cirugía de cataratas. </p> <p>Las cataratas pueden afectar uno o los dos ojos pero no se contagia de uno a otro. Los síntomas más comunes son:</p><ul> <li> Vista borrosa </li> <li> Colores que parecen desteñidos </li> <li> Resplandor alrededor de las luces: puede ser que las luces de los coches, lámparas y del sol se vean demasiado brillantes</li> <li> Dificultad para ver bien de noche </li> <li> Ver doble </li> <li> Cambios frecuentes en las recetas de sus lentes </li> </ul> <p>Las cataratas suelen aparecer lentamente. El uso de anteojos nuevos, la iluminación más brillante, anteojos de sol antirreflejo o lentes de aumento puede ayudar al principio. La cirugía también es una opción. Incluye la extirpación del lente opacado y su reemplazo por un lente artificial. El uso de anteojos de sol y sombrero con visera que bloquee la luz ultravioleta pueden ayudar a demorar la aparición de cataratas. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo</p> Personas mayores Ojos y visión Cataract Instituto Nacional del Ojo Enfermedades de los ojos Problemas y pérdida de la visión Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Ojo PDF NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Video <p>Las caídas pueden ser peligrosas a cualquier edad. Los bebés y los niños pequeños pueden lastimarse al caerse de los muebles o al bajar las escaleras. Los niños mayores pueden caerse de los juegos en el parque. Para las personas mayores, las caídas pueden ser especialmente graves y tienen un mayor riesgo de caerse. También es más probable que se <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">quiebren un hueso</a> al caerse, especialmente si tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>. Un hueso roto, sobre todo cuando es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html">cadera</a>, puede incluso llevar a la discapacidad y la pérdida de independencia de los adultos mayores.</p> <p>Algunas causas comunes de caídas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html">Problemas de equilibrio</a></li> <li>Algunos medicamentos, que pueden hacer que se sienta mareado, confundido o lento</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Problemas de la vista</a></li> <li>Beber alcohol, lo que puede afectar su equilibrio y reflejos</li> <li>Debilidad muscular, especialmente en las piernas, que puede hacer que le resulte más difícil levantarse de una silla o mantener el equilibrio cuando camina sobre una superficie irregular</li> <li>Ciertas enfermedades, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html">presión arterial baja</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html">neuropatía</a></li> <li>Reflejos lentos, que hacen que sea difícil mantener el equilibrio o alejarse de algún peligro</li> <li>Tropezar o resbalar debido a la pérdida de equilibrio o tracción</li> </ul> <p>A cualquier edad, las personas pueden hacer cambios para reducir el riesgo de caídas. Es importante cuidar su salud, incluso hacerse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html">exámenes de ojos</a> regulares. Hacer ejercicio puede disminuir su riesgo de caídas al fortalecer sus músculos, mejorar su equilibrio y mantener sus huesos fuertes. Y puede buscar formas de hacer que su casa sea más segura. Por ejemplo, puede eliminar cosas que pueden hacerle tropezar y colocar barandas en las escaleras y en el baño. Para reducir las posibilidades de quebrarse un hueso si se cae, asegúrese de tomar suficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">vitamina D</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento </p> Personas mayores Asuntos de seguridad Falls Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Celiac sprue Gluten-sensitive enteropathy Nontropical sprue <h3>What is celiac disease?</h3> <p>Celiac disease is a chronic (long-term) <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html">digestive</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune</a> disorder that damages your small intestine. The damage may prevent your body from absorbing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">minerals</a>, and other nutrients from the food you eat. This can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html">malnutrition</a> and other serious health problems</p> <p>Celiac disease is triggered by eating foods that contain gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and other grains. It may also be in other products like vitamins and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html">supplements</a>, hair and skin products, toothpastes, and lip balm.</p> <p>Celiac disease is different from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/glutensensitivity.html">gluten sensitivity</a>. Both involve problems with gluten and can cause some of the same symptoms, such as <a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061">abdominal (belly) pain</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a>. But gluten sensitivity does not damage the small intestine like celiac disease does.</p> <p> Wheat allergy, a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html">food allergy</a>, is also different. With both celiac disease and wheat allergy, your immune system is reacting to wheat. But with wheat allergy, you can have some different symptoms, such as itchy eyes or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">trouble breathing</a>. And a wheat allergy will not cause long-term damage to the small intestine.</p> <h3>What causes celiac disease?</h3> <p>The exact cause of celiac disease is not known. Research suggests that celiac disease only happens in people who have certain genes and eat food that contains gluten. Researchers are studying other factors that may play a role in causing the disease.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop celiac disease?</h3> <p>Celiac disease is more common if you:</p> <ul> <li>Have a family member who has the disease</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html">Down syndrome</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/turnersyndrome.html">Turner syndrome</a>, or Williams syndrome</li> <li>Are White</li> <li>Are female</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of celiac disease?</h3> <p>The symptoms of celiac disease can be different from person to person. Sometimes the symptoms may come and go. Some people may not notice any symptoms.</p> <p>Some of the possible symptoms affect your digestive system. Digestive symptoms are more common in children than in adults. The digestive symptoms include:</p> <ul> <li>Bloating (feeling fullness or swelling in your belly)</li> <li>Chronic (long-term) <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a> or greasy, bulky, unusually bad-smelling stool (poop)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">Constipation</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html">Gas</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lactoseintolerance.html">Lactose intolerance</a> because of damage to the small intestine</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and vomiting</a></li> <li>Pain in the abdomen (belly)</li> <li>Weight loss in adults, or not enough weight gain in children</li> </ul> <p>Some people with celiac disease have symptoms that affect other parts of the body, such as:</p> <ul> <li>Fatigue</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a></li> <li>Irritability (in children)</li> <li>Dermatitis herpetiformis, an itchy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rash</a> with blisters (mainly in adults)</li> <li>Bone or joint pain</li> <li>Symptoms involving the mouth, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cankersores.html">canker sores</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html">dry mouth</a></li> </ul> <h3>What other problems can celiac disease cause?</h3> <p>Over time, celiac disease can cause other health problems, especially if it is not treated. These problems can include:</p> <ul> <li>Malnutrition</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">Anemia</a>, especially iron-deficiency anemia</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html">Bone loss</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">Nervous system problems</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">headaches</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html">balance problems</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html">peripheral neuropathy</a></li> <li>Reproductive problems, such as missed <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">menstrual periods</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html">miscarriages</a> in women and infertility in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html">men</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html">women</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is celiac disease diagnosed?</h3> <p>If you have symptoms of celiac disease, your health care provider will look for signs that you might have celiac disease. To do this, your provider will get your medical and family history and do a physical exam.</p> <p>If your provider thinks that you could have celiac disease, you will have some tests. Providers most often use <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/celiac-disease-screening/">blood tests</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsies</a> of the small intestine to diagnose celiac disease. The biopsy would be done during an upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. For this procedure, your provider uses an endoscope (a flexible tube with a camera) to see the lining of your esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It also allows your provider to take a sample of tissue for a biopsy.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for celiac disease?</h3> <p>The treatment for celiac disease is following a gluten-free diet for the rest of your life. Sticking with a gluten-free diet will treat or prevent many of the symptoms and other health problems caused by celiac disease. In most cases, it can also heal damage in the small intestine and prevent more damage. </p> <p>Your provider may refer you to a registered dietician (a nutrition expert) who can help you learn how to eat a healthy diet without gluten. You will also need to avoid all hidden sources of gluten, such as certain supplements, cosmetics, toothpaste, etc. Reading product labels can sometimes help you avoid gluten. If a label doesn't tell you what is in a product, check with the company that makes the product for an ingredients list. Don't just assume that a product is gluten-free if it doesn't mention it.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Metabolic Problems Enfermedad celíaca Celiac Disease Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Gluten Sensitivity Gluten Intolerance Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy Nontropical Sprue Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Gluten Intolerance Group Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Gluten Intolerance Group Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Gluten Intolerance Group Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With Gluten Intolerance Group Living With National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Celiac Disease Foundation Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Living With Gluten Intolerance Group Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine Video NIH Find an Expert Gluten Intolerance Group Living With North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition PDF Living With Celiac Disease Foundation Living With Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Journal Articles Specifics Celiac Disease Foundation Living With Celiac Disease Foundation Symptoms National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Celiac Disease Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Cellulitis is an infection of the skin and deep underlying tissues. Group A strep (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html">streptococcal</a>) bacteria are the most common cause. The bacteria enter your body when you get an injury such as a bruise, burn, surgical cut, or wound.</p> <p>Symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Fever and chills</li> <li>Swollen glands or lymph nodes</li> <li>A rash with painful, red, tender skin. The skin may blister and scab over.</li> </ul> <p>Your health care provider may take a sample or culture from your skin or do a blood test to identify the bacteria causing infection. Treatment is with antibiotics. They may be oral in mild cases, or intravenous (by IV) for more severe cases.</p> Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Celulitis Cellulitis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Staphylococcal Infections Streptococcal Infections Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here VisualDX Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Related Issues National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology <p>La celulitis es una infección de la piel y los tejidos más profundos. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html">estreptococo</a> del grupo A es la causa más común. La bacteria entra en su cuerpo cuando usted se lesiona la piel como sucede en una herida, quemadura o corte quirúrgico. </p> <p>Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li>Fiebre y escalofríos </li> <li>Inflamación de los nódulos o ganglios linfáticos </li> <li>Erupción dolorosa donde la piel se presenta roja y frágil. Se pueden formar ampollas y costras </li> </ul> <p>Su profesional de cuidados de salud puede tomar una muestra o cultivo de la piel o hacer un análisis de sangre para identificar la bacteria que está causando la infección. El tratamiento consiste en antibióticos orales (por la boca) en el caso de casos leves o por vía intravenosa (a través de una vena) en los casos más severos. </p> Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Cellulitis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones por estafilococo Infecciones por estreptococo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Clínicas Hospitales Sanatorios <p>Los centros de salud son lugares que brindan cuidados para la salud. Incluyen hospitales, clínicas, centros de cuidados ambulatorios y centros de cuidados especializados, tales como las maternidades y los centros psiquiátricos. </p> <p>Al elegir un centro de salud, usted puede considerar:</p> <ul> <li> La cercanía a donde vive o trabaja</li> <li> Si su seguro médico paga los servicios en ese centro </li> <li> Si su médico puede atenderlo allí </li> <li> La calidad del establecimiento </li> </ul> <p>La calidad es importante. Algunos centros trabajan mejor que otros. Una forma de saber acerca de la calidad de un centro es revisar los informes realizados por el gobierno federal, estatal y grupos de consumidores.</p> Sistemas de salud Health Facilities Cuidados de hospicio Residencias para personas mayores Cuidado de la salud, Centros de Hospitales Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>When you play the piano or hit a tennis ball you are activating the cerebellum. The cerebellum is the area of the brain that controls coordination and balance. Problems with the cerebellum include:</p><ul> <li>Cancer</li> <li>Genetic disorders</li> <li>Ataxias - failure of muscle control in the arms and legs that result in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html">movement disorders</a></li> <li>Degeneration - disorders caused by brain cells decreasing in size or wasting away</li> </ul> <p>Treatment of cerebellar disorders depends on the cause. In some cases, there is no cure but treatment may help with symptoms.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Enfermedades del cerebelo Cerebellar Diseases Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Ataxia Telangiectasia Brain Diseases Degenerative Nerve Diseases Friedreich Ataxia Genetic Brain Disorders Ataxia Dandy-Walker Syndrome Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH CP <h3>What is cerebral palsy (CP)?</h3> <p>Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">neurologic disorders</a> that cause problems with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html">movement</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html">balance</a>, and posture. The first part of the name, cerebral, means having to do with the brain. The second part, palsy, means weakness or problems with using the muscles.</p> <p>CP can range from mild to severe. The brain damage and the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">disabilities</a> it causes are permanent. But treatments can improve the lives of people who have the condition. For example, treatments can help to improve their motor skills and ability to communicate.</p> <h3>What are the types of cerebral palsy (CP)?</h3> <p>There are different types of CP:</p><ul> <li><strong>Spastic cerebral palsy</strong>, which is the most common type. It causes increased muscle tone, stiff muscles, and awkward movements. Sometimes it only affects one part of the body. In other cases, it can affect both arms and legs, the trunk, and the face.</li> <li><strong>Dyskinetic cerebral palsy</strong>, which causes problems controlling the movement of the hands, arms, feet, and legs. This can make it hard to sit and walk.</li> <li><strong>Ataxic cerebral palsy</strong>, which causes problems with balance and coordination.</li> <li><strong>Mixed cerebral palsy</strong>, which means that you have symptoms of more than one type.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes cerebral palsy (CP)?</h3> <p>CP is caused by abnormal development or damage to the developing brain. When this development or damage happens before birth, it is called congenital CP. Most CP is congenital, and its causes may include:</p> <ul> <li>Gene changes (variants)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html">Brain malformations</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">Infections</a> or fevers in the pregnant parent</li> <li>An injury to the developing baby</li> </ul> <p>CP can also happen during or after birth. CP that happens more than 28 days after birth is called acquired CP. Its causes can include:</p> <ul> <li>Brain damage in the first few months or years of life</li> <li>Infections, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html">meningitis</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html">encephalitis</a></li> <li>Problems with blood flow to the brain, for example from a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a> or abnormal blood vessels</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html">Head injuries</a>, for example from a car accident, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">fall</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html">child abuse</a></li> </ul> <p>In some cases, the cause of congenital or acquired CP is unknown.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop cerebral palsy (CP)?</h3> <p>Certain medical conditions or events that can happen during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">pregnancy</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html">delivery</a> may increase a baby's risk of congenital cerebral palsy. These may include:</p> <ul> <li>Being <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">born too small</a></li> <li>Being <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html">born too early</a></li> <li>Being born a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html">twin or other multiple birth</a></li> <li>Being conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) or other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">assisted reproductive technology</a> (ART)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">Infections</a></li> <li>Health problems in the pregnant parent, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">thyroid problems</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">seizures</a></li> <li>Severe newborn <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html">jaundice</a></li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html">complications during birth</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rhincompatibility.html">Rh incompatibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reproductivehazards.html">Exposure to toxic chemicals during pregnancy</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the signs of cerebral palsy (CP)?</h3> <p>There are many different types and levels of disability with CP. So the signs can be different in each child. These signs usually appear in the early months of life. They may include:</p> <ul> <li>Developmental delays. Your child may be slow to reach developmental milestones such as learning to roll over, sit, crawl, or walk.</li> <li>Abnormal muscle tone. Your child may seem floppy, or they may be stiff or rigid.</li> <li>An unusual posture or favoring one side of the body when reaching, crawling, or moving. </li> <li>Stiff or tight muscles and exaggerated reflexes (spasticity). </li><li>Shaking (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tremor.html">tremor</a>) of arms, legs, hands, or feet.</li> <li>Sudden, uncontrolled movements.</li> </ul> <p>It's important to know that children without CP can also have these signs. Contact your child's health care provider if your child has any of these signs, so you can get a correct diagnosis.</p> <h3>How is cerebral palsy (CP) diagnosed?</h3> <p>Diagnosing CP involves several steps:</p><ul> <li><strong>Developmental monitoring</strong> (or surveillance) means tracking a child's growth and development over time. If there are any concerns about your child's development, they should have a developmental screening test as soon as possible.</li> <li><strong>Developmental screening</strong> involves giving your child a short test to check for motor, movement, or other developmental delays. If the screenings are not normal, the provider will recommend more evaluations.</li> <li><strong>Developmental and medical evaluations</strong> are done to diagnose which disorder your child has. To make the diagnosis, your provider: <ul> <li>Will check your child's motor skills, muscle tone, reflexes, and posture</li> <li>Will ask about their medical history</li> <li>May order lab tests, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">genetic tests</a>, and/or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for cerebral palsy (CP)?</h3> <p>There is no cure for CP, but treatment can improve the lives of those who have it. It is important to begin a treatment program as early as possible.</p> <p>A team of health professionals will work with you and your child to develop a treatment plan. Common treatments include:</p><ul> <li>Medicines</li> <li>Surgery</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html">Assistive devices</a> such as braces and walkers</li> <li>Physical, occupational, recreational, and speech therapy</li> </ul> <h3>Can cerebral palsy (CP) be prevented?</h3> <p>You cannot prevent the genetic problems that can cause CP. But it may be possible to manage or avoid some of the risk factors for CP. For example:</p> <ul> <li>If you are pregnant, make sure that you are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">vaccinated</a> against infections that could cause CP in your developing baby.</li> <li>Get regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">prenatal care</a>, which can reduce the risk of preterm birth or having a low birthweight baby. It can also help you manage any health conditions that could raise the risk of CP.</li> <li>Use car seats for your baby to prevent head injuries that could cause CP.</li> </ul> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Parálisis cerebral Cerebral Palsy Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues ALS Association Specifics Nemours Foundation Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Specifics Nemours Foundation Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>The cervix is the lower part of the uterus, the place where a baby grows during pregnancy. Cervical cancer is caused by a virus called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html">HPV</a>. The virus spreads through sexual contact. Most women's bodies are able to fight HPV infection. But sometimes the virus leads to cancer. You're at higher risk if you smoke, have had many children, use birth control pills for a long time, or have HIV infection. </p> <p>Cervical cancer may not cause any symptoms at first. Later, you may have pelvic pain or bleeding from the vagina. It usually takes several years for normal cells in the cervix to turn into cancer cells. Your health care provider can find abnormal cells by doing a Pap test to examine cells from the cervix. You may also have an HPV test. If your results are abnormal, you may need a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a> or other tests. By getting regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html">screenings</a>, you can find and treat any problems before they turn into cancer.</p> <p>Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination. The choice of treatment depends on the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread and whether you would like to become pregnant someday.</p> <p>Vaccines can protect against several types of HPV, including some that can cause cancer.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Women Female Reproductive System Cáncer de cuello uterino Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Cervical Cancer Screening Cervix Disorders Women's Health Checkup Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Images National Cancer Institute NIH Images National Cancer Institute NIH Images National Cancer Institute NIH Images National Cancer Institute NIH Images National Cancer Institute NIH Images National Cancer Institute NIH Images National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Symptoms National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests Johns Hopkins Medicine Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society <p>The cervix is the lower part of the uterus, the place where a baby grows during pregnancy. Cancer screening is looking for cancer before you have any symptoms. Cancer found early may be easier to treat.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html">Cervical cancer</a> screening is usually part of a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealthcheckup.html">woman's health checkup</a>. There are two types of tests: the Pap test and the HPV test. For both, the doctor or nurse collects cells from the surface of the cervix. With the Pap test, the lab checks the sample for cancer cells or abnormal cells that could become cancer later. With the HPV test, the lab checks for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html">HPV</a> infection. HPV is a virus that spreads through sexual contact. It can sometimes lead to cancer. If your screening tests are abnormal, your doctor may do more tests, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>.</p> <p>Cervical cancer screening has risks. The results can sometimes be wrong, and you may have unnecessary follow-up tests. There are also benefits. Screening has been shown to decrease the number of deaths from cervical cancer. You and your doctor should discuss your risk for cervical cancer, the pros and cons of the screening tests, at what age to start being screened, and how often to be screened.</p> Cancers Women Female Reproductive System Pruebas y exámenes para el cáncer de cuello uterino Papanicolaou Test Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests Vaginal Smears Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Cervical Cancer HPV Women's Health Checkup Find an Expert American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Journal Articles Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians <p>The cervix is the lower part of the uterus, the place where a baby grows during pregnancy. The cervix has a small opening that expands during childbirth. It also allows menstrual blood to leave a woman's body.</p> <p>Your health care provider may perform a Pap test during your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealthcheckup.html">health checkup</a> to look for changes to the cells of the cervix, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html">cervical cancer</a>. Other problems with the cervix include:</p> <ul> <li>Cervicitis - inflammation of the cervix. This is usually from an infection.</li> <li>Cervical incompetence - This can happen during pregnancy. The opening of the cervix widens long before the baby is due.</li> <li>Cervical polyps and cysts - abnormal growths on the cervix</li> </ul> Female Reproductive System Trastornos del cuello uterino Uterine Cervical Diseases Spanish Cervical Cancer HPV Uterine Diseases Cervical Dysplasia Uterine Cervix Disorders Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Johns Hopkins Medicine Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles C-section Cesarean section <h3>What is a cesarean delivery?</h3> <p>A cesarean delivery, also called a cesarean section or c-section, is surgery to deliver a baby. The baby is taken out through your abdomen (belly). In the United States, almost one in three babies are born this way. Some cesarean deliveries are planned. Others are emergency cesarean deliveries, which are done when <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html">unexpected problems</a> happen during delivery.</p> <h3>When is a cesarean delivery needed?</h3> <p>You may need a cesarean delivery because:</p> <ul> <li>You have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">health problems</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">infection</a></li> <li>You are carrying <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html">more than one baby</a></li> <li>Your baby is too big</li> <li>Your baby is in the wrong position</li> <li>Your baby's health is in danger</li> <li>Labor is not moving along as it should</li> <li>There are problems with your placenta (the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to your baby)</li> </ul> <p>Not everyone who has had a cesarean delivery before will need another one next time. You may be able to have a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Talk to your health care provider about what is right for you.</p> <h3>How is a cesarean delivery done?</h3> <p>Before the surgery, you will be given pain medicine. Depending on your circumstances, you might get:</p> <ul> <li>An epidural block, which numbs the lower part of the body through an injection in the spine.</li> <li>A spinal block, which numbs the lower part of the body through an injection directly into the spinal fluid.</li> <li>General anesthesia, which makes you unconscious during the surgery. This is often used during emergency cesarean deliveries.</li> </ul> <p>During the surgery, the surgeon will:</p> <ul> <li>Make a cut in your abdomen and uterus. The cut is usually horizontal, but in some cases it may be vertical.</li> <li>Open the amniotic sac and take out your baby.</li> <li>Cut the umbilical cord and the placenta.</li> <li>Close the uterus and abdomen with stitches that will later dissolve.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the risks of a cesarean delivery?</h3> <p>A cesarean delivery is relatively safe for you and your baby. But it is still a major surgery, and it carries risks. They may include:</p> <ul> <li>Infection</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html">Blood loss</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">Blood clots</a> in the legs, pelvic organs, or lungs</li> <li>Injury to surrounding structures, such as the bowel or bladder</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">reaction</a> to the medicines or anesthesia used</li> </ul> <p>Some of these risks do also apply to a vaginal birth. But it does take longer to recover from a cesarean delivery than from a vaginal birth. And having a cesarean delivery can raise the risk of having difficulties with future pregnancies. The more cesarean deliveries you have, the more the risk goes up. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Cesárea Cesarean Section Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Childbirth Childbirth Problems C-Section Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Start Here Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Statistics and Research March of Dimes Foundation Journal Articles Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues March of Dimes Foundation Video Parto por cesárea <h3>¿Qué es una cesárea?</h3> <p>Una cesárea es una cirugía para dar a luz a un bebé. El bebé se saca a través de su abdomen (vientre). Casi uno de cada 3 bebés nace de esta manera en los Estados Unidos. Algunas cesáreas están planificadas. Otras son cesáreas de emergencia, es decir, se realizan cuando ocurren <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html">problemas inesperados</a> durante el parto.</p> <h3>¿Cuándo se necesita una cesárea?</h3> <p>Es posible que necesite una cesárea porque:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">problemas de salud</a>, incluyendo una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">infección</a></li> <li>Está embarazada de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html">más de un bebé</a></li> <li>Su bebé es demasiado grande</li> <li>Su bebé está en la posición incorrecta</li> <li>La salud de su bebé está en peligro</li> <li>El trabajo de parto no avanza como debería</li> <li>Hay problemas con su placenta (el órgano que lleva oxígeno y nutrientes a su bebé)</li> </ul> <p>No todas las personas que han tenido una cesárea antes necesitarán otra de nuevo. Es posible que pueda tener un parto vaginal después de una cesárea (PVDC). Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre lo que se recomienda para usted.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se realiza una cesárea?</h3> <p>Antes de la cirugía, le darán analgésicos. Dependiendo de sus circunstancias, puede recibir:</p> <ul> <li>Un bloqueo epidural: Adormece la parte inferior del cuerpo mediante una inyección en la columna</li> <li>Un bloqueo espinal: Aormece la parte inferior del cuerpo a través de una inyección directamente en el líquido cefalorraquídeo</li> <li>Anestesia general: Le deja inconsciente durante la cirugía. Esto se usa a menudo durante las cesáreas de emergencia</li> </ul> <p>Durante la cirugía, el cirujano:</p> <ul> <li>Hace una incisión en su abdomen y útero. El corte suele ser horizontal, pero en algunos casos puede ser vertical</li> <li>Abre el saco amniótico y saca a su bebé</li> <li>Corta el cordón umbilical y la placenta</li> <li>Cierra el útero y el abdomen con puntos que luego se disolverán</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los riesgos de una cesárea?</h3> <p>Una cesárea es relativamente segura para usted y su bebé. Pero sigue siendo una cirugía mayor y conlleva riesgos. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Infección</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html">Pérdida de sangre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">Coágulos de sangre</a> en las piernas, los órganos pélvicos o los pulmones</li> <li>Lesión a las estructuras cercanas, como el intestino o la vejiga</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">Reacción</a> a los medicamentos o anestesia utilizados</li> </ul> <p>Algunos de estos riesgos también se aplican a un parto vaginal. Pero toma más tiempo recuperarse de una cesárea que de un parto vaginal. Además, una cesárea puede aumentar el riesgo de tener dificultades con futuros embarazos. Cuantas más cesáreas tenga, mayor será el riesgo.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Cesarean Delivery Parto Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH American trypanosomiasis South American trypanosomiasis <h3>What is Chagas disease?</h3> <p>Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is an illness that can cause serious heart and stomach problems. It is caused by a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html">parasite</a>. Chagas disease is common in Latin America, especially in poor, rural areas. It can also be found in the United States, most often in people who were infected before they moved to the U.S.</p> <h3>What causes Chagas disease?</h3> <p>Chagas disease is caused by the <em>Trypanosoma cruzi </em> parasite. It is usually spread by infected blood-sucking bugs called triatomine bugs. They are also known as "kissing bugs" because they often bite people's faces. When one of these bugs bites you, it leaves behind infected waste. You can become infected if you rub the waste in your eyes or nose, the bite wound, or a cut.</p> <p>Chagas disease can also spread through contaminated food, a blood transfusion, a donated organ, or from the pregnant parent to the baby during pregnancy.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop Chagas disease?</h3> <p>Kissing bugs can be found throughout the Americas, but they are more common in certain areas. The people who are most at risk for Chagas disease:</p><ul> <li>Live in rural areas of Latin America</li> <li>Have seen the bugs, especially in those areas</li> <li>Have stayed in a house with a thatched roof or with walls that have cracks or crevices</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of Chagas disease?</h3> <p>In the beginning, there may be no symptoms. Some people do get mild symptoms, such as:</p><ul> <li>Fever</li> <li>Fatigue</li> <li>Body aches</li> <li>Headache</li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> <li>Diarrhea</li> <li>Vomiting</li> <li>A rash</li> <li>A swollen eyelid</li> </ul> <p>These early symptoms usually go away. However, if you don't treat the infection, it stays in your body. Later, it can cause serious intestinal and heart problems such as:</p><ul> <li>An serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">arrhythmia</a> (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat) that can cause sudden death</li> <li>An enlarged heart that doesn't pump blood well</li> <li>Problems with digestion and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html">bowel movements</a></li> <li>An increased chance of having a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is Chagas disease diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have Chagas disease, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will do a physical exam</li> <li>Will take your medical history, including asking about your symptoms and where you have lived and traveled</li> <li>Will run a blood test for Chagas disease</li> <li>May run tests to see whether the disease has affected your intestines and heart</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for Chagas disease?</h3> <p>Medicines can kill the parasite, especially early on. You can also treat related problems. For example, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">pacemaker</a> can help with some heart complications.</p> <h3>Can Chagas disease be prevented?</h3> <p>There are no vaccines or medicines to prevent Chagas disease. If you <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html">travel</a> to areas where it occurs, you are at higher risk if you sleep outdoors or are staying in poor housing conditions. It is important to use insecticides to prevent bites and practice <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html">food safety</a>.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Enfermedad de Chagas Chagas Disease Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases South American Trypanosomiasis Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More World Health Organization Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy Peroneal muscular atrophy <p>Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of genetic nerve disorders. It is named after the three doctors who first identified it. In the United States, CMT affects about 1 in 2,500 people. </p> <p>CMT affects your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html">peripheral nerves</a>. Peripheral nerves carry movement and sensation signals between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. Symptoms usually start around the teen years. Foot problems such as high arches or hammertoes can be early symptoms. As CMT progresses, your lower legs may weaken. Later, your hands may also become weak. </p> <p>Doctors diagnose CMT by doing a neurologic exam, nerve tests, genetic tests, or a nerve biopsy. There is no cure. The disease can be so mild you don't realize you have it or severe enough to make you weak. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, braces and other devices and sometimes surgery can help.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Degenerative Nerve Diseases Muscle Disorders Genetics Muscular Dystrophy Association Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here Muscular Dystrophy Association PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Living With Muscular Dystrophy Association Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Symptoms Muscular Dystrophy Association Specifics Muscular Dystrophy Association <p>When a hazardous chemical has been released, it may harm people's health. Chemical releases can be unintentional, as in the case of an industrial accident. They could also be planned, as in the case of a terrorist attack with a chemical weapon.</p> <p>Some hazardous chemicals have been developed by military organizations for use in warfare. Examples are nerve agents such as sarin and VX. Many hazardous chemicals are used in industry - for example, chlorine, ammonia, and benzene. Some can be made from everyday items such as household cleaners.</p> <p>Although there are no guarantees of safety during a chemical emergency, you can take actions to protect yourself. You should have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">disaster plan</a>. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html">ways to cope</a>.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Disasters Emergencias químicas Chemical Terrorism Chemical Warfare Agents Chemical Warfare Amharic Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Ukrainian Vietnamese Chemical Warfare Chemical Weapons Man-Made Disasters Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More American Red Cross Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Department of Homeland Security Journal Articles Learn More Department of Health and Human Services Learn More Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chequeo anual Chequeos de rutina Examen médico anual <p>Los chequeos médicos regulares (también conocidos como examen anual de rutina) con su profesional de la salud son diferentes a las citas por enfermedad o lesión. Estos chequeos incluyen exámenes físicos y atención preventiva. La atención preventiva puede incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html">Pruebas de detección</a>: Exámenes médicos para detectar enfermedades en etapas tempranas, cuando pueden ser más fáciles de tratar. Los exámenes que necesite dependerán de su: <ul> <li>Edad</li> <li>Sexo</li> <li>Salud general</li> <li>Antecedentes o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html">historia de salud familiar</a></li> <li>Riesgos de ciertas enfermedades</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html">Vacunas</a>: Pueden mejorar su salud al prevenir enfermedades y otros problemas médicos</li> <li>Educación y asesoramiento para ayudarle a tomar decisiones de salud informadas: Puede incluir consejos sobre su estilo de vida, incluyendo su dieta, cuánto ejercicio hace y cualquier sustancia, alcohol o tabaco que pueda estar consumiendo</li> </ul> <p>Para aprovechar al máximo su próximo chequeo, algunas cosas que debe hacer antes de acudir incluyen:</p><p> </p><ul> <li>Revisar su historia de salud familiar</li> <li>Averiguar si le corresponde algún examen general o vacuna</li> <li>Preparar una lista de problemas y preguntas sobre los que le gustaría hablar con su profesional de la salud</li> <li>Preparar una lista de los medicamentos, vitaminas y suplementos que toma para llevar con usted</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Bienestar y estilo de vida Health Checkup Chequeo médico de la mujer Chequeo médico del bebé Exámenes médicos Vivir saludablemente Chequeo anual Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Hombres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Personas mayores Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Personas mayores Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Chequeo médico para la mujer <p>Los chequeos regulares con su profesional de la salud son diferentes a las visitas médicas por enfermedad o lesión. Sus chequeos, también llamados control de mujer sana, incluyen pruebas físicas y atención preventiva. Pueden ayudar a detectar problemas de salud temprano, cuando pueden ser más fáciles de tratar.</p> <p>Su chequeo incluirá <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html">exámenes de detección</a> de enfermedades crónicas. Como mujer, es posible que también le hagan exámenes y pruebas de detección especiales, como:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Examen pélvico</strong>: Sirve para comprobar la salud de sus órganos reproductivos. El profesional de la salud observará su vulva, vagina y cuello uterino. También hará un examen interno para sentir el tamaño y la forma de sus órganos internos, como el útero y los ovarios</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html">Prueba de detección de cáncer de cuello uterino</a></strong>: Utiliza una prueba de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-papanicolaou/">Papanicolaou</a>, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-del-papiloma-humano-vph/">prueba de VPH</a> o ambas. Las pruebas pueden ayudar a prevenir el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html">cáncer de cuello uterino</a>. Un Pap detecta cáncer de cuello uterino y células anormales que podrían convertirse en cáncer. Una prueba de VPH busca los tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html">virus del papiloma humano</a> que pueden causar cáncer de cuello uterino. Para ambas pruebas, su profesional de la salud tomará una muestra de células de la superficie del cuello uterino y las enviará a un laboratorio para examinarlas con un microscopio</li> <li><strong>Examen clínico de los senos</strong> para detectar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html">cáncer de seno</a>: El profesional de la salud palpará y observará sus senos y el área de las axilas en busca de bultos u otros cambios</li> </ul> <p>Las pruebas que se realicen y la frecuencia con las que las necesite dependerán de su edad, salud general y su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html">historia médica familiar</a>. En algunos casos, su proveedor de atención médica también puede recomendar otras pruebas. Por ejemplo, si tiene antecedentes familiares de ciertos cánceres, puede recomendarle <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">pruebas genéticas</a>.</p> <p>Durante su chequeo, usted y su profesional de la salud también pueden hablar sobre otros temas, como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">Control de la natalidad</a> o planificación familiar</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">Menopausia</a></li> <li>Preocupaciones menstruales</li> <li><a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmitteddiseases.html" tid="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html">Vacunas</a></li> <li>Su salud general, incluyendo sugerencias sobre cómo tener un estilo de vida saludable</li> </ul> <p>Para aprovechar al máximo su próximo chequeo, prepare una lista con cualquier pregunta o inquietud que tenga, para que pueda hablar sobre ellas con su profesional de la salud.</p> Mujeres Bienestar y estilo de vida Women's Health Checkup Chequeo médico Salud de las mujeres Exámenes ginecológicos Ginecológicos, Exámenes Mujer, Chequeo médico Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Personas mayores Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU <p>Tener un bebé significan muchas responsabilidades nuevas. Una de ellos es asegurarse de que su bebé reciba chequeos periódicos, también llamados exámenes o controles del niño sano. Estos son importantes para asegurarse de que su bebé esté creciendo y desarrollándose adecuadamente. Si hay algún problema, se puede detectar a tiempo, cuando puede ser más fácil de tratar. El profesional de la salud de su bebé le dirá con qué frecuencia su bebé debe hacerse un chequeo.</p> <p>Durante estos controles, el profesional de la salud realiza un examen físico completo a su bebé, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Medir la altura y el peso del bebé</li> <li>Observar su cabeza, orejas, nariz y su boca</li> <li>Escuchar su corazón y sus pulmones</li> <li>Medir su audición y visión (en algunas visitas)</li> <li>Comprobar sus reflejos</li> </ul> <p>El profesional de la salud le preguntará sobre el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html">desarrollo de su bebé</a>. Por ejemplo, puede consultar cuándo el bebé empezó a sonreír y a darse vuelta. Durante ciertas visitas, también realizará <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-evaluacion-del-desarrollo-y-el-comportamiento/">pruebas de evaluación de comportamiento y desarrollo</a>.</p> <p>El profesional de la salud usará toda esta información para verificar si su bebé está alcanzando hitos importantes del desarrollo.</p><p> </p><p>Su bebé también recibirá las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html">vacunas</a> y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html">exámenes</a> necesarios durante la visita. Usted puede hacerle al proveedor cualquier pregunta que tenga sobre cómo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborncare.html">cuidar a su bebé</a>.</p> <p>Usted puede prepararse para los controles de su bebé al:</p> <ul> <li>Hacer una lista de temas y preguntas que desea discutir con el profesional de la salud</li> <li>Estar preparado para responder preguntas sobre el comportamiento y los hábitos de alimentación y sueño de su bebé</li> <li>Estar preparado para tomar notas durante la visita</li> </ul> <p>Además de estos controles, si su bebé parece estar enfermo o si le preocupa su desarrollo, usted puede comunicarse en cualquier momento con el profesional de la salud.</p> Niños y adolescentes Baby Health Checkup Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé Evaluación del recién nacido Problemas comunes de los recién nacidos Problemas poco comunes de los recién nacidos Vacunas para los niños Bebé, Chequeo médico Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niñas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Niñas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Niños Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Niños Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <h3>What is the chest?</h3> <p>The chest is the part of your body between your neck and your abdomen (belly). The medical term for your chest is thorax.</p> <p>Your chest holds many important structures for breathing, digestion, blood circulation, and other important body functions. These structures include your:</p> <ul> <li>Ribs and breastbone</li> <li>Esophagus, the tube between your mouth and stomach</li> <li>Trachea, your windpipe</li> <li>Bronchi, the tubes that carry air from your windpipe to your lungs</li> <li>Lungs</li> <li>Pleura, a thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the inside wall of the chest space</li> <li>Heart and large blood vessels</li> <li>Thymus, a gland that's part of your immune system</li> <li>Nerves</li> </ul> <h3>What are chest injuries and disorders?</h3> <p>Chest injuries and disorders are problems that affect any of the organs or structures located in your chest.</p> <p>There are many types of chest injuries and disorders, for example:</p> <ul> <li>Broken ribs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html">Esophagus disorders</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">Swallowing disorders</a>, also called dysphagia</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/trachealdisorders.html">Tracheal disorders</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bronchialdisorders.html">Bronchial disorders</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">Lung diseases</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/collapsedlung.html">collapsed lung</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pleuraldisorders.html">Pleural disorders</a></li> <li>Heart diseases</li> <li>Mediastinal diseases, which are tumors, inflammation, and other problems with the structures in the mediastinum, which is the space between your lungs, breastbone, and spine</li> <li>Thoracic <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aorticaneurysm.html">aortic aneurysm</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thoracicoutletsyndrome.html">Thoracic outlet syndrome</a></li> </ul> <p>Chest injuries may happen from the force of car accidents, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">falls</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">sports injuries</a>. Or the chest may be pierced by a bullet or sharp object. Because your chest holds so many important structures, certain chest injuries may be life-threatening.</p> <h3>How are chest injuries and disorders diagnosed?</h3> <p>Diagnosis of chest injuries or disorders depends on the type of symptoms you're having and whether you've had a chest injury. Injuries are usually obvious, but in most cases, you'll need tests to know how serious an injury is.</p> <p>There are many types of tests for diagnosing different types of chest injuries and disorders, for example:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Diagnostic imaging tests</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">Heart tests</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">Lung function tests</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/">Bronchoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pleural-fluid-analysis/">Pleural fluid analysis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dysphagia-tests/">Dysphagia tests</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">Biopsy</a></li> </ul> <p>Treatments will depend on the type of chest injury or disorder you have.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades del tórax Rib Fractures Thoracic Injuries Thoracic Diseases Spanish Chest Pain Collapsed Lung Pleural Disorders Mediastinal Disorders Rib Injuries Thoracic Injuries Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Thoracic Society PDF Children Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Society of Thoracic Surgeons Video <p>Having a pain in your chest can be scary. It does not always mean that you are having a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>. There can be many other causes, including:</p><ul> <li>Other heart problems, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html">angina</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html">Panic attacks</a></li> <li>Digestive problems, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html">heartburn</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html">esophagus disorders</a></li> <li>Sore muscles</li> <li>Lung diseases, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pleuraldisorders.html">pleurisy</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html">pulmonary embolism</a></li> <li>Costochondritis - an inflammation of joints in your chest</li> </ul> <p>Some of these problems can be serious. Get immediate medical care if you have chest pain that does not go away, crushing pain or pressure in the chest, or chest pain along with nausea, sweating, dizziness or shortness of breath. Treatment depends on the cause of the pain.</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Symptoms Dolor de pecho Chest Pain Arabic Bosnian Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Angina Heartburn Pain, Chest Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert NIH Pain Consortium NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Arnold-Chiari Malformation <p>Chiari malformations (CMs) are structural defects in the cerebellum. The cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls balance. With CM, brain tissue extends into the spinal canal. It can happen when part of the skull is too small, which pushes the brain tissue down. There are several types of CM. One type often happens in children who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html">neural tube defects</a>. Some types cause no symptoms and don't need treatment. If you have symptoms, they may include:</p><ul> <li>Neck pain</li> <li>Balance problems</li> <li>Numbness or other abnormal feelings in the arms or legs</li> <li>Dizziness</li> <li>Vision problems</li> <li>Difficulty swallowing</li> <li>Poor hand coordination</li> </ul> <p>Doctors diagnose CM using imaging tests. Medicines may ease some symptoms, such as pain. Surgery is the only treatment available to correct or stop the progression of nerve damage.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Malformaciones de Chiari Arnold-Chiari Malformation Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Arnold-Chiari Malformation Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More C&S Patient Education Foundation PDF Learn More C&S Patient Education Foundation PDF Learn More C&S Patient Education Foundation PDF Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Learn More C&S Patient Education Foundation PDF Varicella <p>Chickenpox is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Most cases are in children under age 15, but older children and adults can get it. It spreads very easily from one person to another.</p> <p>The classic symptom of chickenpox is an uncomfortable, itchy rash. The rash turns into fluid-filled blisters and eventually into scabs. It usually shows up on the face, chest, and back and then spreads to the rest of the body. Other symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Fever</li> <li>Headache</li> <li>Tiredness</li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> </ul> <p>Chickenpox is usually mild and lasts 5 to 10 days. Calamine lotions and oatmeal baths can help with itching. Acetaminophen can treat the fever. Do not use aspirin for chickenpox; that combination can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reyesyndrome.html">Reye syndrome</a>.</p> <p>Chickenpox can sometimes cause serious problems. Adults, babies, teenagers, pregnant women, and those with weak immune systems tend to get sicker from it. They may need to take antiviral medicines.</p> <p>Once you catch chickenpox, the virus usually stays in your body. You probably will not get chickenpox again, but the virus can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html">shingles</a> in adults. A chickenpox vaccine can help prevent most cases of chickenpox, or make it less severe if you do get it.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Children and Teenagers Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Varicela Chickenpox Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Dari Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Indonesian Italian Japanese Khmer Korean Marshallese Pashto Polish Portuguese Punjabi Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Childhood Vaccines Shingles Varicella-Zoster Virus Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here VisualDX Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Family Physicians Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Images Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Children Nemours Foundation Adults National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Children Nemours Foundation <p>Chikungunya is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">virus</a> that spread by the same kinds of mosquitoes that spread <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dengue.html">dengue</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html">Zika virus</a>. Rarely, the virus can spread from the pregnant parent to their newborn around the time of birth. It may also spread through contact with infected blood. There have been outbreaks of chikungunya virus in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the Caribbean, and Central and South America.</p> <p>Most people who have chikungunya will have symptoms, which can be severe. They usually start 3-7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a> and joint pain. Other symptoms may include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">headache</a>, muscle pain, joint swelling, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rash</a>.</p> <p>Most people feel better within a week. In some cases, however, the joint pain may last for months. People at risk for more severe disease include newborns, older adults, and people with diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>.</p> <p>A blood test can show whether you have chikungunya virus. There are no medicines to treat it. Drinking lots of fluids, resting, and taking non-aspirin <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a> might help you feel better.</p> <p>In the U.S., there is a vaccine for adults who are at a higher risk of getting chikungunya. You can also help prevent getting or spreading chikungunya by avoiding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html">mosquito bites</a>:</p> <ul> <li>Use a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent when you go outdoors. Make sure to follow the instructions for using the repellant.</li> <li>Wear clothes that cover your arms, legs, and feet.</li> <li>Stay in places that either have air conditioning (with the windows closed) or that use window and door screens.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Chikungunya Chikungunya Fever Chikungunya virus Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mosquito Bites Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Pan American Health Organization Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Journal Articles Chikunguña <p>Chikungunya es un virus que es transmitido por los mismos mosquitos que transmiten el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dengue.html">Dengue</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/zikavirus.html">Zika</a>. El virus se puede propagar de la persona embarazada a su bebé al momento del nacimiento. También es posible la propagación a través del contacto con sangre infectada. Se han producido brotes del chikungunya en África, Asia, Europa, los océanos Índico y Pacífico, el Caribe y América Central y del Sur.</p> <p>La mayoría de las personas que tienen chikungunya presentan síntomas, los cuales pueden ser graves. Suelen comenzar de tres a siete días después de la picadura de un mosquito infectado. Los síntomas más comunes son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a> y dolor en las articulaciones. Otros síntomas pueden incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">dolor de cabeza</a>, dolor muscular, hinchazón de las articulaciones y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">sarpullido</a>.</p> <p>La mayoría de las personas se sienten mejor dentro de una semana. Sin embargo, en algunos casos el dolor en las articulaciones puede durar meses. Las personas en riesgo de contraer enfermedades más graves incluyen los recién nacidos, adultos mayores y las personas con enfermedades como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a>.</p> <p>Un análisis de sangre puede mostrar si usted tiene el virus chikungunya. No existen vacunas o medicamentos para tratarla. Beber mucho líquido, descansar y tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> sin aspirina puede ayudarle a sentirse mejor.</p> <p>En Estados Unidos existe una vacuna para adultos que tienen un mayor riesgo de contagiarse con chikungunya. También puede ayudar a prevenir el contagio o la propagación del chikungunya evitando las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html">picaduras de mosquitos</a>:</p> <ul> <li>Utilice un repelente de insectos registrado por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de EE. UU. (EPA) cuando salga al aire libre. Asegúrese de seguir las instrucciones para usar el repelente</li> <li>Use ropa que le cubra los brazos, las piernas y los pies</li> <li>Permanezca en lugares que tengan aire acondicionado (con las ventanas cerradas) o que utilicen mosquiteros en puertas y ventanas</li> </ul> <p class=""> Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Chikungunya Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Organización Panamericana de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Child abuse is doing something or failing to do something that results in harm to a child or puts a child at risk of harm. Child abuse can be physical, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html">sexual</a> or emotional. Neglect, or not providing for a child's needs, is also a form of abuse. </p> <p>Most abused children suffer greater emotional than physical damage. An abused child may become depressed. He or she may withdraw, think of suicide or become violent. An older child may use drugs or alcohol, try to run away or abuse others. </p> <p>Child abuse is a serious problem. If you suspect a child is being abused or neglected, call the police or your local child welfare agency.</p> Children and Teenagers Injuries and Wounds Social/Family Issues Maltrato al menor Child Abuse Spanish Child Sexual Abuse Abuse Shaken Baby Syndrome Violence Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Easy-to-Read Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Administration for Children and Families Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Children's Bureau Start Here American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk Administration for Children and Families PDF Prevention and Risk Factors Children's Bureau Journal Articles Related Issues American Psychological Association Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Start Here Children's Bureau PDF Teenagers National Runaway Safeline Conduct disorders <p> All kids misbehave some times. And some may have temporary behavior problems due to stress. For example, the birth of a sibling, a divorce, or a death in the family may cause a child to act out. Behavior disorders are more serious. They involve a pattern of hostile, aggressive, or disruptive behaviors for more than 6 months. The behavior is also not appropriate for the child's age.</p> <p>Warning signs can include:</p><ul> <li>Harming or threatening themselves, other people or pets</li> <li>Damaging or destroying property </li> <li>Lying or stealing </li> <li>Not doing well in school, skipping school </li> <li>Early smoking, drinking or drug use </li> <li>Early sexual activity </li> <li>Frequent tantrums and arguments </li> <li>Consistent hostility toward authority figures </li> </ul> <p> If you see signs of a problem, ask for help. Poor choices can become habits. Kids who have behavior problems are at higher risk for school failure, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html">mental health problems</a>, and even <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html">suicide</a>. Classes or family therapy may help parents learn to set and enforce limits. Talk therapy and behavior therapy for your child can also help.</p> Children and Teenagers Mental Health and Behavior Trastornos de la conducta del niño Adolescent Behavior Child Behavior Disorders Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Child Development Child Mental Health Self-Harm Teen Development Conduct Disorder Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Specifics American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American Psychological Association Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Journal Articles Specifics American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry <p>Healthy teeth are important to your child's overall health. From the time your child is born, there are things you can do to promote healthy teeth and prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html">cavities</a>. For babies, you should clean teeth with a soft, clean cloth or baby's toothbrush. Avoid putting the baby to bed with a bottle and check teeth regularly for spots or stains.</p> <p>For all children, you should:</p><ul> <li>Start using a pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste when they are two years old. You might start sooner, if a dentist or doctor suggests it.</li> <li>Provide healthy foods and limit sweet snacks and drinks</li> <li>Schedule regular dental check-ups </li> </ul> <p>Forming good habits at a young age can help your child have healthy teeth for life. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</p> Children and Teenagers Mouth and Teeth Salud dental del niño Dental Care for Children Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Hmong Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Dental Health Gum Disease Orthodontia Tooth Decay Dental Health, Child Dental Sealants Oral Health, Child Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Partnership for Healthy Mouths, Healthy Lives Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Find an Expert American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Patient Handouts National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF NIH Patient Handouts National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center PDF Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here Nemours Foundation Video Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Pediatrics Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Journal Articles Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF NIH Start Here Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Start Here Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Finance and Policy Department of Health and Human Services Children Nemours Foundation <p>As children grow older, they develop in several different ways. Child development includes physical, intellectual, social, and emotional changes.</p> <p>Children grow and mature at very different rates. It's hard to say what "normal" is. There can be big differences in height, weight, and build among healthy children. Diet, exercise and genes are all factors. Some children begin <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/puberty.html">puberty</a> or are close to it before they are teenagers.</p> <p>Children start to become more independent from their parents. They may rebel. They also look outward - to their friends, who are usually of the same sex. Peer approval becomes very important. Your child may try new behaviors to be part of "the group." This can also be the time that parents or teachers recognize <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html">learning disabilities</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbehaviordisorders.html">behavioral problems</a> in children. These problems can get worse as time goes on, so it is important to get help early.</p> Children and Teenagers Desarrollo del niño Child Development Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Child Behavior Disorders Developmental Disabilities Growth Disorders Infant and Newborn Development Puberty Teen Development Toddler Development Related Issues Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse Easy-to-Read NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Videos and Tutorials National Institute of Mental Health Video NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF In English and Spanish Related Issues Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies National Kidney Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Videos and Tutorials Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Video NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Nemours Foundation <p>It's important to recognize and treat mental illnesses in children early on. Once mental illness develops, it becomes a regular part of your child's behavior. This makes it more difficult to treat.</p> <p>But it's not always easy to know when your child has a serious problem. Everyday stresses can cause changes in your child's behavior. For example, getting a new brother or sister or going to a new school may cause a child to temporarily act out. Warning signs that it might be a more serious problem include:</p><ul> <li>Problems in more than one setting (at school, at home, with peers)</li> <li>Changes in appetite or sleep</li> <li>Social withdrawal or fear of things he or she did not used to be not afraid of</li> <li>Returning to behaviors more common in younger children, such as bedwetting</li> <li>Signs of being upset, such as sadness or tearfulness</li> <li>Signs of self-destructive behavior, such as head-banging or suddenly getting hurt often</li> <li>Repeated thoughts of death</li> </ul> <p>To diagnose mental health problems, the doctor or mental health specialist looks at your child's signs and symptoms, medical history, and family history. Treatments include medicines and talk therapy.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health</p> Children and Teenagers Mental Health and Behavior Salud mental del niño Mental Disorders Mental Health Psychology, Child Child Psychiatry Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Bullying and Cyberbullying Child Behavior Disorders Mental Disorders Mental Health Mental Health, Child Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Mental Health NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Children Nemours Foundation Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Institute of Mental Health NIH Start Here Center for Parent Information and Resources Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Institute of Mental Health PDF NIH Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Related Issues National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert American Psychological Association Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Children National Institute of Mental Health PDF NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Easy-to-Read Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Easy-to-Read Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry <p>A healthy diet helps children grow and learn. It also helps prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html">obesity</a> and weight-related diseases, such as diabetes. To give your child a nutritious diet:</p><ul> <li>Make half of what is on your child's plate fruits and vegetables</li> <li>Choose healthy sources of protein, such as lean meat, nuts, and eggs</li> <li>Serve whole-grain breads and cereals because they are high in fiber. Reduce refined grains.</li> <li>Broil, grill, or steam foods instead of frying them</li> <li>Limit fast food and junk food</li> <li>Offer water or milk instead of sugary fruit drinks and sodas</li> </ul> <p>Learn about your children's nutrient requirements. Some of them, such as the requirements for iron and calcium, change as your child ages. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Children and Teenagers Food and Nutrition Nutrición del niño Child Nutrition Disorders Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Children's Health Food Allergy Infant and Newborn Nutrition Toddler Nutrition Nutrition, Child Teen Nutrition Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Service Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Department of Agriculture Test Your Knowledge Department of Agriculture Related Issues Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Easy-to-Read Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Department of Agriculture Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues Food and Drug Administration PDF Infographic Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Journal Articles Teenagers National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation <p>As parents, we want to keep our children safe from harm. Take steps to keep your children safe:</p> <ul> <li>Install the right child safety seat in your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/motorvehiclesafety.html">car</a></li> <li>Teach children how to cross the street safely</li> <li>Make sure they wear the right gear and equipment for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html">sports</a></li> <li>Install and test smoke alarms </li> <li>Store medicines, cleaners and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoning.html">dangerous substances</a> in locked cabinets</li> <li>Babyproof your home</li> <li>Don't leave small children unattended</li> </ul> Children and Teenagers Safety Issues Seguridad del niño Safety Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese Infant and Newborn Care Motor Vehicle Safety School Health Safety, Child Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Consumer Product Safety Commission Specifics American College of Emergency Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Consumer Product Safety Commission Start Here Nemours Foundation Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Videos and Tutorials Consumer Product Safety Commission Video Statistics and Research Safe Kids Worldwide Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics <p>Sexual abuse is one form of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html">child abuse</a>. It includes a wide range of actions between a child and an adult or older child. Often these involve body contact, but not always. Exposing one's genitals to children or pressuring them for sex is sexual abuse. Using a child for pornography is also sexual abuse.</p> <p>Most sexual abusers know the child they abuse. They may be family friends, neighbors or babysitters. About one-third of abusers are related to the child. Most abusers are men. If you think a child may have been abused, it's important to report it.</p> Children and Teenagers Sexual Health Issues Abuso sexual de menores Child Abuse, Sexual Spanish Child Abuse Child Molestation Sexual Abuse of Children Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Start Here National Center for PTSD Find an Expert National Center for Missing and Exploited Children Living With Children's Bureau PDF Journal Articles Related Issues American Psychological Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Children National Runaway Safeline <p>When you are ready to have your baby, you'll go through labor. Labor is the process of giving birth. Signs that you might be going into labor include:</p><ul> <li>Contractions that are regular then start to come closer together</li> <li>Leaking fluid or bleeding from the vagina</li> <li>Low, dull backache</li> <li>Abdominal cramps</li> </ul> <p>Call your health care provider if you have any of these signs, even if it is before your due date. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html">Preterm labor</a> can start before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy.</p> <p>Labor happens in three stages. The first stage begins with contractions. It continues until your cervix has become thinner and dilated (stretched) to about 4 inches wide. The second stage is the active stage, in which you begin to push downward. Crowning is when your baby's scalp comes into view. Shortly afterward, your baby is born. In the third stage, you deliver the placenta. The placenta is the organ that supplied food and oxygen to your baby during pregnancy.</p> <p>Mothers and babies are monitored closely during labor. Most women are able to have a baby through normal vaginal delivery. If there are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html">complications</a>, the baby may need to be delivered surgically by a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html">Cesarean section</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Parto Labor, Obstetric Delivery, Obstetric Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Cesarean Delivery Childbirth Problems Health Problems in Pregnancy Postpartum Care Preterm Labor Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births Delivery Labor Find an Expert Commission for the Accreditation of Birth Centers Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests March of Dimes Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics American Society of Anesthesiologists Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research March of Dimes Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Nemours Foundation Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues March of Dimes Foundation Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html">Childbirth</a> is the process of giving birth to a baby. It includes labor and delivery. Usually everything goes well, but problems can happen. They may cause a risk to the mother, baby, or both. Some of the more common childbirth problems include:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="pretermlabor.html" tid="6234">Preterm (premature) labor</a></strong>, when your labor starts before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy</li> <li><strong>Premature rupture of membranes</strong> (PROM), when your water breaks too early. If labor does not start soon afterwards, this can raise the risk of infection.</li> <li><strong>Problems with the placenta</strong>, such as the placenta covering the cervix, separating from the uterus before birth, or being attached too firmly to the uterus</li> <li><strong>Labor that does not progress</strong>, meaning that labor is stalled. This can happen when <ul> <li>Your contractions weaken</li> <li>Your cervix does not dilate (open) enough or is taking too long to dilate</li> <li>The baby is not in the right position</li> <li>The baby is too big or your pelvis is too small for the baby to move through the birth canal</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Abnormal heart rate of the baby.</strong> Often, an abnormal heart rate is not a problem. But if the heart rate gets very fast or very slow, it can be a sign that your baby is not getting enough oxygen or that there are other problems.</li> <li><strong>Problems with the umbilical cord</strong>, such as the cord getting caught on the baby's arm, leg, or neck. It's also a problem if cord comes out before the baby does.</li> <li><strong>Problems with the position of the baby</strong>, such as breech, in which the baby is going to come out feet first</li> <li><strong>Shoulder dystocia</strong>, when the baby's head comes out, but the shoulder gets stuck</li> <li><strong>Perinatal asphyxia</strong>, which happens when the baby does not get enough oxygen in the uterus, during labor or delivery, or just after birth</li> <li><strong>Perineal tears</strong>, tearing of your vagina and the surrounding tissues</li> <li><strong>Excessive bleeding</strong>, which can happen when the delivery causes tears to the uterus or if you are not able to deliver the placenta after you give birth to the baby</li> <li><strong>Post-term pregnancy</strong>, when your pregnancy lasts more than 42 weeks</li> </ul> <p>If you have problems in childbirth, your health care provider may need to give you medicines to induce or speed up labor, use tools to help guide the baby out of the birth canal, or deliver the baby by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html">Cesarean section</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Children and Teenagers Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Problemas durante el parto Obstetric Labor Complications Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Cesarean Delivery Childbirth Preterm Labor Birth Injuries Premature Labor Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Statistics and Research March of Dimes Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues March of Dimes Foundation Related Issues March of Dimes Foundation Related Issues March of Dimes Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html">Brain tumors</a> are abnormal growths inside the skull. They are among the most common types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerinchildren.html">childhood cancers</a>. Some are benign tumors, which aren't cancer. They can still be serious. Malignant tumors are cancerous.</p> <p>Childhood brain and spinal cord tumors can cause headaches and other symptoms. However, other conditions can also cause the same symptoms. Check with a doctor if your child has any of the following problems:</p> <ul> <li>Morning headache or headache that goes away after vomiting</li> <li>Frequent nausea and vomiting</li> <li>Vision, hearing, and speech problems</li> <li>Loss of balance or trouble walking</li> <li>Unusual sleepiness</li> <li>Personality changes</li> <li>Seizures</li> <li>Increased head size in infants</li> </ul> <p>The symptoms are not the same in every child.</p> <p>Doctors use physical and neurological exams, lab tests, and imaging to diagnose brain tumors. Most childhood brain tumors are diagnosed and removed in surgery.</p> <p>Treatment for children is sometimes different than for an adult. Long-term side effects are an important issue. The options also depend on the type of tumor and where it is. Removal of the tumor is often possible. If not, radiation, chemotherapy, or both may be used.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Children and Teenagers Brain and Nerves Tumores cerebrales en niños Brain Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Brain Tumors Cancer in Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Living With National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Brain Tumor Association Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation <h3>What is leukemia?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html">Leukemia</a> is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:</p><ul> <li>White blood cells help your body fight infection</li> <li>Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html">Platelets</a> help form clots to stop bleeding</li> </ul> <p>When you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.</p> <h3>What are the types of leukemia in children?</h3> <p>There are different types of leukemia. Some types are acute (fast growing). They usually get worse quickly if they are not treated. Most childhood leukemias are acute:</p><ul> <li><strong>Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)</strong>, which is the most common type of leukemia in children and the most common <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerinchildren.html">cancer in children</a>. In ALL, the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.</li> <li><strong>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)</strong>, which happens when bone marrow makes abnormal myeloblasts (a type of white blood cell), red blood cells, or platelets.</li> </ul> <p>Other types of leukemia are chronic (slow growing). They usually get worse over a longer period of time. They are rare in children:</p><ul> <li><strong>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia</strong> (CLL), in which the bone marrow makes abnormal lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). It is more common in teens than children.</li> <li><strong>Chronic myeloid leukemia</strong> (CML), in which the bone marrow makes abnormal granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). It is very rare in children.</li> </ul> <p>There are some other rare types of leukemia in children, including juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).</p> <h3>What causes leukemia in children?</h3> <p>Leukemia happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown. However, there are certain factors that raise the risk of childhood leukemia.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for leukemia in children?</h3> <p>The factors that raise the risk of childhood leukemia include:</p><ul> <li>Having a brother or sister, especially a twin, with leukemia</li> <li>Past treatment with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html">Exposure to radiation</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation therapy</a></li> <li>Having certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic conditions</a>, such as <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ataxiatelangiectasia.html">Ataxia telangiectasia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html">Down syndrome</a></li> <li>Fanconi anemia</li> <li>Li-Fraumeni syndrome</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurofibromatosis.html">Neurofibromatosis type 1</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>There are other factors that may raise the risk of getting one or more of the specific types of childhood leukemia.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of leukemia in children?</h3> <p>Some of the symptoms of leukemia may include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Feeling tired</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a> or night sweats</li> <li>Easy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html">bruising</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html">bleeding</a></li> <li>Weight loss or loss of appetite</li> <li>Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.</li> </ul> <p>Other leukemia symptoms can be different from type to type. Chronic leukemia may not cause symptoms at first.</p> <h3>How is leukemia in children diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose leukemia:</p><ul> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>A medical history</li> <li>Blood tests, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">complete blood count (CBC)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/">Bone marrow tests.</a> There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">Genetic tests</a> to look for gene and chromosome changes</li> </ul> <p>Once there is a diagnosis of leukemia, other tests may be done to see whether the cancer has spread. These include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a> and a lumbar puncture, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).</p> <h3>What are the treatments for leukemia in children?</h3> <p>The treatments for leukemia depend on which type it is, how severe the leukemia is, the child's age, and other factors. Possible treatments might include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation therapy</a></li> <li>Chemotherapy with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">stem cell transplant</a></li> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells</li> </ul> <p>Treatment for childhood leukemia is often successful. But the treatments can cause complications right away or later in life. Children who survived leukemia will need follow-up care the rest of their lives to watch for and treat any complications they may have.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Children and Teenagers Blood, Heart and Circulation Immune System Leucemia en niños Leukemia Spanish National Cancer Institute Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Leukemia Leukemia, Childhood Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Living With National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With Leukemia & Lymphoma Society PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Journal Articles Living With American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Symptoms American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Living With National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Shots <h3>What are vaccines?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">Vaccines</a> are injections (shots), liquids, pills, or nasal sprays that you take to teach the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> to recognize and defend against harmful germs. The germs could be <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viruses</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacteria</a>.</p> <p>Some types of vaccines contain germs that cause disease. But the germs have been killed or weakened enough that they won't make your child sick. Some vaccines only contain a part of a germ. Other types of vaccines include instructions for your cells to make a protein of the germ.</p> <p>These different vaccine types all spark an immune response, which helps the body fight off the germs. Your child's immune system will also remember the germ and attack it if that germ ever invades again. This protection against a certain disease is called immunity.</p> <h3>Why do I need to vaccinate my child?</h3> <p>Babies are born with immune systems that can fight most germs, but there are some serious diseases they can't handle. That's why they need vaccines to strengthen their immune system.</p> <p>These diseases once killed or harmed many infants, children, and adults. But now with vaccines, your child can get immunity from these diseases without having to get sick. And for a few vaccines, getting vaccinated can actually give you a better immune response than getting the disease would. </p> <p>Vaccinating your child also protects others. Normally, germs can travel quickly through a community and make a lot of people sick. If enough people get sick, it can lead to an outbreak. But when enough people are vaccinated against a certain disease, it's harder for that disease to spread to others. The entire community is less likely to get the disease. This is called "community immunity."</p> <p>Community immunity is especially important for the people who can't get certain vaccines. For example, they may not be able to get a vaccine because they have weakened immune systems. Others may be allergic to certain vaccine ingredients. And newborn babies are too young to get some vaccines. Community immunity can help to protect them all.</p> <h3>Are vaccines safe for children?</h3> <p>Vaccines are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccinesafety.html">safe</a>. They must go through extensive safety testing and evaluation before they are approved in the United States.</p> <p>Some people worry that childhood vaccines could cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html">autism spectrum disorder</a> (ASD). But many scientific studies have looked at this and have found no link between vaccines and autism.</p> <h3>Can vaccines overload my child's immune system?</h3> <p>No, vaccines do not overload the immune system. Every day, a healthy child's immune system successfully fights off thousands of germs. When your child gets vaccines, they are getting weakened or dead germs. So even if they get several vaccines in one day, they are being exposed to a tiny amount of germs compared to what they encounter every day in their environment.</p> <h3>When do I need to vaccinate my child?</h3> <p>Your child will get vaccines during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html">well-child visits</a>. They will be given according to the vaccine schedule. This schedule lists which vaccines are recommended for children. It includes who should get the vaccines, how many doses they need, and at what age they should get them. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publishes the vaccine schedule.</p> <p>Following the vaccine schedule allows your child to get protection from the diseases at exactly the right time. It gives their body the chance to build up immunity before being exposed to these very serious diseases.</p> Children and Teenagers Infections Immune System Vacunas para los niños Immunization Arabic Armenian Bosnian Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Dari Farsi French Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Japanese Karen Kinyarwanda Korean Marshallese Nepali Pashto Portuguese Punjabi Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese Chickenpox COVID-19 Vaccines Diphtheria Flu Shot Haemophilus Infections Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Measles Mumps Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome Rotavirus Infections Tetanus Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines Vaccine Safety Vaccines Whooping Cough Immunization, Childhood Vaccination Images Immunization Action Coalition Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Health Check Tools Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Infectious Disease and HIV/AIDS Policy Reference Desk National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Food and Drug Administration Teenagers Immunization Action Coalition PDF Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here Food and Drug Administration Video Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Nemours Foundation <p>Your child's health includes physical, mental and social well-being. Most parents know the basics of keeping children healthy, like offering them <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html">healthy foods</a>, making sure they get enough sleep and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforchildren.html">exercise</a> and ensuring their <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childsafety.html">safety</a>. </p> <p>It is also important for children to get regular checkups with their health care provider. These visits are a chance to check your child's <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html">development</a>. They are also a good time to catch or prevent problems.</p> <p>Other than checkups, school-age children should be seen for:</p><ul> <li>Significant weight gain or loss</li> <li>Sleep problems or change in behavior</li> <li>Fever higher than 102</li> <li>Rashes or skin infections</li> <li>Frequent sore throats</li> <li>Breathing problems</li> </ul> Children and Teenagers Population Groups Salud del niño Pediatrics Child Health Child Health Services Child, Hospitalized Child Welfare Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Korean Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Child Dental Health Child Development Child Mental Health Child Safety Childhood Vaccines Common Infant and Newborn Problems Exercise for Children Hearing Problems in Children Medicines and Children School Health Speech and Language Problems in Children Teen Health Toddler Health Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems Pediatrics Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Statistics and Research Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Health Check Tools Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Children National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Specifics Nemours Foundation Video Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation Video Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Dermatology Video Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Videos and Tutorials Nemours Foundation Video Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Journal Articles Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p> Las chinches pican y se alimentan de su sangre. Es posible que no presente ninguna reacción a las picaduras, o puede tener pequeñas marcas o picazón. Las reacciones alérgicas graves son poco frecuentes. Las chinches no transmiten ni propagan enfermedades. </p> <p>Las chinches adultas son de color café, de 1/4 a 3/8 pulgadas de largo (0,6 a casi un centímetro) y tienen un cuerpo plano, de forma ovalada. Las chinches jóvenes (llamadas ninfas) son más pequeñas y de color más claro. Las chinches se esconden en varios lugares alrededor de la cama. También pueden ocultarse en costuras de sillas y sillones, entre cojines y en los pliegues de las cortinas. Salen a alimentarse aproximadamente cada cinco a 10 días pero pueden sobrevivir más de un año sin comer.</p> <p>Para prevenir las chinches de cama en su casa:</p><ul> <li>Revise los muebles de segunda mano para detectar cualquier signo de chinches antes de llevarlos a su casa.</li> <li>Utilice una cubierta protectora que recubra los colchones y somieres. Compruebe con regularidad la aparición de agujeros.</li> <li>Reduzca el desorden en su casa, así las chinches tendrán menos lugares donde esconderse.</li> <li>Desarme las valijas directamente en la lavadora después de un viaje y revise cuidadosamente su equipaje. Al hospedarse en hoteles, ponga las maletas en bastidores para equipajes en lugar de ponerlas en el suelo. Examine el colchón y la cabecera de la cama en busca de rastros de chinches.</li> </ul> <p> Para deshacerse de las chinches de cama:</p><ul> <li>Lave y seque la ropa de cama a altas temperaturas.</li> <li>Use cubiertas protectoras para atrapar las chinches de cama y ayudar a detener la infestación.</li> <li>Use pesticidas si es necesario.</li> </ul> <p class="">Agencia de Protección Ambiental</p> Lesiones y heridas Bed Bugs Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Extensión Cooperativa de Virginia PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>Chiropractic is a health care profession. Chiropractors perform adjustments (manipulations) to the spine or other parts of the body. The goal is to correct alignment problems, ease pain, and support the body's natural ability to heal itself. They may also use other treatments including :</p><ul> <li>Heat and ice</li> <li>Electrical stimulation</li> <li>Relaxation techniques</li> <li>Rehabilitative and general exercise</li> <li>Counseling about diet, weight loss, and other lifestyle factors</li> <li>Dietary supplements</li> </ul> <p>Many people visit chiropractors for treatment of low <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html">back pain</a>, neck pain, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">headaches</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</p> Complementary and Alternative Therapies Quiropráctica Chiropractic Manipulation, Chiropractic Spanish National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Back Pain Complementary and Integrative Medicine Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues Bureau of Labor Statistics Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues American Chiropractic Association Specifics American Chiropractic Association Find an Expert National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Journal Articles Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here American Chiropractic Association <h3>What is chlamydia?</h3> <p>Chlamydia is a common <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infection</a> (STI). It is caused by bacteria called <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em>. Anyone can get chlamydia. It often doesn't cause symptoms, so people may not know that they have it. Antibiotics can cure it. But if it's not treated, chlamydia can cause serious health problems. </p> <h3>How is chlamydia spread?</h3> <p>You can get chlamydia during oral, vaginal, or anal sex with someone who has chlamydia. A pregnant person can also pass chlamydia to the baby during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirth.html">childbirth</a>.</p> <p>If you've had chlamydia and were treated in the past, you can get re-infected if you have unprotected sex with someone who has it.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to get chlamydia?</h3> <p>Chlamydia is more common in young people, especially young women. You are more likely to get infected with chlamydia if you don't consistently use a condom or if you have multiple partners.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of chlamydia?</h3> <p>Chlamydia doesn't usually cause any symptoms. So you may not realize that you have it. But even if you don't have symptoms, you can still pass the infection to others.</p> <p>If you do have symptoms, they may not appear until several weeks after you have sex with someone who has chlamydia.</p> <p>Symptoms in women include:</p><ul> <li>Abnormal vaginal discharge, which may have a strong smell</li> <li>A burning sensation when urinating</li> </ul> <p>If the infection spreads, you might get lower <a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061">abdominal (belly) pain</a>, pain during sex, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a>.</p> <p>Symptoms in men include:</p><ul> <li>Discharge from your penis</li> <li>A burning sensation when urinating (peeing)</li> <li>Pain and swelling in one or both testicles (although this is less common)</li> </ul> <p>If the chlamydia infects the rectum (in men or women), it can cause rectal pain, discharge, and bleeding.</p> <h3>How is chlamydia diagnosed?</h3> <p>There are lab tests to diagnose chlamydia. Your health care provider may ask you to provide a urine sample. Or your provider may use (or ask you to use) a cotton swab to get a sample from your vagina to test for chlamydia.</p> <h3>Who should be tested for chlamydia?</h3> <p>You should go to your provider for a test if you have symptoms of chlamydia or if you have a partner who has an STI. Pregnant people should get a test when they go to their first <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">prenatal visit</a>.</p> <p>People at higher risk should get checked for chlamydia every year:</p><ul> <li>Sexually active women 25 and younger</li> <li>Older women who have new or multiple sex partners or a sex partner who has an STI</li> <li>Men who have sex with men (MSM)</li> </ul> <h3>What other problems can chlamydia cause?</h3> <p>In women, an untreated infection can spread to your uterus and fallopian tubes, causing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html">pelvic inflammatory disease</a> (PID). PID can cause permanent damage to your reproductive system. This can lead to long-term <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html">pelvic pain</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html">infertility</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ectopicpregnancy.html">ectopic pregnancy</a>. Women who have had chlamydia infections more than once are at higher risk of serious reproductive health complications.</p> <p>Men often don't have health problems from chlamydia. Sometimes it can infect the epididymis (the tube that carries sperm). This can cause pain, fever, and, rarely, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html">infertility</a>.</p> <p>Both men and women can develop <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousarthritis.html">reactive arthritis</a> because of a chlamydia infection. Reactive arthritis is a type of arthritis that happens as a "reaction" to an infection in the body.</p> <p>Babies born to infected mothers can get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinfections.html">eye infections</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a> from chlamydia. It may also make it more likely for your baby to be <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html">born too early</a>.</p> <p>Untreated chlamydia may also increase your chances of getting or giving <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for chlamydia?</h3> <p>Antibiotics will cure the infection. You may get a one-time dose of the antibiotics, or you may need to take medicine every day for 7 days. It is important to take all the medicine that your provider prescribed for you. Antibiotics cannot repair any permanent damage that the disease has caused.</p> <p>To prevent spreading the disease to your partner, you should not have sex until the infection has cleared up. If you got a one-time dose of antibiotics, you should wait 7 days after taking the medicine to have sex again. If you have to take medicine every day for 7 days, you should not have sex again until you have finished taking all of the doses of your medicine.</p> <p>It is common to get a repeat infection, so you need to get tested again about three months after treatment.</p> <h3>Can chlamydia be prevented?</h3> <p>The only sure way to prevent chlamydia is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex.</p> <p>Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading chlamydia. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Sexual Health Issues Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Infecciones por clamidia Chlamydia Infections Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Sexually Transmitted Infections Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Food or small objects can cause choking if they get caught in your throat and block your airway. This keeps oxygen from getting to your lungs and brain. If your brain goes without oxygen for more than four minutes, you could have brain damage or die.</p> <p>Young children are at an especially high risk of choking. They can choke on foods like hot dogs, nuts and grapes, and on small objects like toy pieces and coins. Keep hazards out of their reach and supervise them when they eat.</p> <p>When someone is choking, quick action can be lifesaving. Learn how to do back blows, the Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrusts), and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cpr.html">CPR</a>. </p> Lungs and Breathing Injuries and Wounds Symptoms Atragantamiento Airway Obstruction Spanish Foreign Bodies Heimlich Maneuver Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Red Cross PDF Find an Expert American Red Cross Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Emergency Physicians Prevention and Risk Factors Safe Kids Worldwide Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here National Safety Council Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Red Cross Treatments and Therapies American College of Emergency Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Red Cross PDF Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Pediatrics <p>Cholera is a bacterial infection that causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>. The cholera bacterium is usually found in water or food that has been contaminated by feces (poop). Cholera is rare in the US. You may get it if you travel to parts of the world with poor water and sewage treatment. Outbreaks can also happen after disasters. The disease is not likely to spread directly from person to person.</p> <p>Cholera infections are often mild. Some people don't have any symptoms. If you do get symptoms, they usually start 2 to 3 days after infection. The most common symptom is watery diarrhea.</p> <p>In some cases, the infection can be severe, causing lots of watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. Because you quickly lose body fluids, you are at risk for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydration</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html">shock</a>. Without treatment, you could die within hours. If you think that you might have cholera, you should get medical care right away.</p> <p>Doctors diagnose cholera with a stool sample or rectal swab. Treatment is the replacement of the fluid and salts that you lost through the diarrhea. This is usually with a rehydration solution that you drink. People with severe cases may need an I.V. to replace the fluids. Some of them may also need <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>. Most people who get fluid replacement right away will recover.</p> <p>There are vaccines to prevent cholera. One of them is available for adults in the U.S. Very few Americans need it, because most people do not visit areas that have an active cholera outbreak.</p> <p>There are also simple steps you can take to help to prevent cholera infection:</p> <ul> <li>Use only bottled or purified water for drinking, washing dishes, making ice cubes, and brushing your teeth</li> <li>If you do use tap water, boil it or use iodine tablets</li> <li>Wash your hands often with soap and clean water</li> <li>Make sure that the cooked food you eat is fully cooked and served hot</li> <li>Avoid unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Cólera Cholera Spanish Turkish Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More World Health Organization Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hypercholesterolemia Hyperlipidemia Hyperlipoproteinemia <h3>What is cholesterol?</h3> <p>Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to make <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">vitamin D</a>, and substances that help you digest foods. Your body makes all the cholesterol it needs. Cholesterol is also found in foods from animal sources, such as egg yolks, meat, and cheese.</p> <p>If you have too much cholesterol in your blood, it can combine with other substances in the blood to form plaque. Plaque sticks to the walls of your arteries. This buildup of plaque is known as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">atherosclerosis</a>. It can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a>, a condition in which your coronary arteries become narrow or even blocked.</p> <h3>What are HDL, LDL, and VLDL?</h3> <p>HDL, LDL, and VLDL are lipoproteins. They are a combination of fat (lipid) and protein. The lipids need to be attached to the proteins so they can move through the blood. Different types of lipoproteins have different purposes:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL</a></strong> stands for high-density lipoprotein. It is sometimes called "good" cholesterol because it helps your body get rid of cholesterol. It carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Your liver then removes the cholesterol from your body.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL</a></strong> stands for low-density lipoprotein. It is sometimes called "bad" cholesterol because a high LDL level leads to the buildup of plaque in your arteries.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vldlcholesterol.html">VLDL</a></strong> stands for very low-density lipoprotein. Some people also call VLDL a "bad" cholesterol because it too contributes to the buildup of plaque in your arteries. But VLDL and LDL are different; VLDL mainly carries <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html">triglycerides</a> and LDL mainly carries cholesterol.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes high cholesterol?</h3> <p>The most common cause of high cholesterol is an unhealthy lifestyle. This can include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Unhealthy eating habits,</strong> such as eating lots of saturated <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fats</a>. These fats are found in red meats, full-fat dairy products, chocolate, some baked goods, and many deep-fried and processed foods. Eating too much saturated fat can raise your LDL (bad) cholesterol.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Lack of physical activity</a>,</strong> with lots of sitting and little exercise. This lowers your HDL (good) cholesterol.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a>,</strong> which lowers HDL cholesterol, especially in women. It also raises your LDL cholesterol.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">Stress</a>,</strong> which may raise levels of certain hormones such as corticosteroids. These can cause your body to make more cholesterol.</li> <li><strong>Drinking too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>,</strong> which can raise your total cholesterol level.</li> </ul> <p>Genetics may also cause people to have high cholesterol. For example, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hypercholesterolemia/">familial hypercholesterolemia</a> (FH) is an inherited condition that causes very high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Other medical conditions and certain medicines may also raise LDL cholesterol levels or lower HDL cholesterol levels.</p> <h3>What can raise my risk of high cholesterol?</h3> <p>A variety of things can raise your risk of high cholesterol:</p><ul> <li><strong>Age.</strong> Your cholesterol levels tend to rise as you get older. Even though it is less common, younger people, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html">children and teens</a>, can also have high cholesterol.</li> <li><strong>Sex.</strong> Between ages 20 and 39, men have a greater risk of high total cholesterol than women. But after <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">menopause</a>, a woman's risk goes up. This happens because menopause lowers levels of female hormones that may protect against high blood cholesterol.</li> <li><strong>Family history.</strong> High blood cholesterol can run in families.</li> <li><strong>Other health conditions.</strong> Conditions such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">chronic kidney disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html">lupus</a> can raise your risk of high cholesterol. </li><li><strong>Medicines.</strong> Certain medicines can raise your level of LDL cholesterol or lower your level of HDL cholesterol, including: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">Steroids</a></li> <li>Some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy medicines</a></li> <li>Medicines taken after an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">organ transplant</a></li> <li>Medicines for certain heart conditions</li> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html">acne</a> medicines</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Race or ethnicity.</strong> People from certain racial or ethnic groups may have an increased risk of high cholesterol. For example, Asian Americans are more likely to have high levels of LDL cholesterol than other groups. And non-Hispanic White people are more likely than other groups to have high levels of total cholesterol.</li> <li><strong>Weight.</strong> Being overweight or having obesity raises your cholesterol level.</li> </ul> <h3>What other health problems can high cholesterol cause?</h3> <p>Undiagnosed or untreated high blood cholesterol can lead to serious health problems:</p> <ul> <li>If you have large deposits of plaque in your arteries, an area of plaque can rupture (break open). This can cause a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clot</a> to form on the surface of the plaque. If the clot becomes large enough, it can mostly or completely block blood flow in a coronary artery.</li> <li>If the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle is reduced or blocked, it can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html">angina</a> (chest pain) or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>.</li> <li>Plaque also can build up in other arteries in your body, including the arteries that bring oxygen-rich blood to your brain and limbs. This can lead to problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carotidarterydisease.html">carotid artery disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralarterialdisease.html">peripheral arterial disease</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>How is high cholesterol diagnosed?</h3> <p>There are usually no signs or symptoms that you have high cholesterol. A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/">blood test</a> can measure your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">cholesterol levels</a>. When and how often you should get this test depends on your age, risk factors, and family history. The general recommendations are:</p> <p><strong>For people who are age 19 or younger:</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>The first test should be between ages 9 to 11</li> <li>Children should have the test again every 5 years</li> <li>Some children may have this test starting at age 2 if there is a family history of high blood cholesterol, heart attack, or stroke</li> </ul> <p><strong>For people who are ages 20 to 65:</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>Younger adults should have the test every 5 years</li> <li>Men ages 45 to 65 and women ages 55 to 65 should have it every 1 to 2 years</li> </ul> <p><strong>For people over age 65:</strong></p> <ul> <li>They should be tested every year</li> </ul> <h3>How can I lower my cholesterol?</h3> <p>You can <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html">lower your cholesterol</a> through heart-healthy lifestyle changes. They include a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html">heart-healthy eating plan</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">weight management</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular physical activity</a>.</p> <p>If the lifestyle changes alone do not lower your cholesterol enough, you may also need to take medicines. There are several types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">cholesterol-lowering medicines</a> available, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html">statins</a>. If you take medicines to lower your cholesterol, you still should continue with the lifestyle changes.</p> <p>Some people with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) may receive a treatment called lipoprotein apheresis. This treatment uses a filtering machine to remove LDL cholesterol from the blood. Then the machine returns the rest of the blood back to the person.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Food and Nutrition Colesterol Cholesterol Hypercholesterolemia Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know Cholesterol Medicines Dietary Fats HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol Heart Diseases How to Lower Cholesterol How to Lower Cholesterol with Diet LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol Nutrition Triglycerides VLDL Cholesterol Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia Familial Hypercholesterolemia Hypercholesterolemia Hyperlipidemia Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine Video NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Heart Association Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Food and Drug Administration Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics VisualDX <h3>What is cholesterol?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">Cholesterol</a> is a waxy, fat-like substance that that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But if you have too much of it in your blood, it can stick to the walls of your arteries and narrow or even block them. This puts you at risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a> and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart diseases</a>.</p> <h3>How do you measure cholesterol levels?</h3> <p>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/">blood test</a> called a lipoprotein or lipid panel can measure your cholesterol levels. Before the test, you'll need to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fasting-for-a-blood-test/">fast</a> (not eat or drink anything but water) for 9 to 12 hours. The test gives information about your:</p><ul> <li><strong>Total cholesterol</strong>. This is a measure of the total amount of cholesterol in your blood. It includes both low-density lipoprotein (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL</a>) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL</a>) cholesterol.</li> <li><strong>LDL cholesterol.</strong> LDL is often called "bad" cholesterol because it is the main source of cholesterol buildup and blockage in the arteries.</li> <li><strong>HDL cholesterol.</strong> HDL is often called "good" cholesterol because it helps remove cholesterol from your arteries.</li> <li><strong>Non-HDL.</strong> This number is your total cholesterol minus your HDL. Your non-HDL includes LDL and other types of cholesterol such as VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein).</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html">Triglycerides</a>.</strong> This is another type of fat in your blood that can raise the risk of heart disease, especially in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">women</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What do my cholesterol numbers mean?</h3> <p>Cholesterol numbers are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Talk with your healthcare provider about what your cholesterol numbers should be. The numbers that are best for you may depend on your age, race, blood pressure, weight, family history, and more. However, here are some general guidelines showing the desirable levels (levels that are healthy for most people):</p> <p><strong>Anyone age 19 or younger:</strong></p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for age 19 or younger" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Type of Cholesterol</th> <th scope="col">Healthy Level</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Total Cholesterol</td> <td>Less than 170 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Non-HDL</td> <td>Less than 120 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>LDL</td> <td>Less than 110 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>HDL</td> <td>More than 45 mg/dL</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p><strong>Men age 20 or older:</strong></p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for men age 20 or older" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Type of Cholesterol</th> <th scope="col">Healthy Level</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Total Cholesterol</td> <td>Less than 200 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Non-HDL</td> <td>Less than 130 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>LDL</td> <td>Less than 100 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>HDL</td> <td>Greater than or equal to 60 mg/dL is best.<br/><br/> Levels less than 40 mg/dL are considered low.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p><strong>Women age 20 or older:</strong></p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for women age 20 or older" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Type of Cholesterol</th> <th scope="col">Healthy Level</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Total Cholesterol</td> <td>Less than 200 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Non-HDL</td> <td>Less than 130 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>LDL</td> <td>Less than 100 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>HDL</td> <td>Greater than or equal to 60 mg/dL is best.<br/><br/> Levels less than 50 mg/dL are considered low.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br/>Triglycerides are not a type of cholesterol, but they are also measured in this test. A normal triglyceride level is below 150 mg/dL. You might need treatment if you have triglyceride levels that are borderline high (150-199 mg/dL) or high (200 mg/dL or more).</p> <h3>How often should I get a cholesterol test?</h3> <p>When and how often you should get a cholesterol test depends on your age, risk factors, and family history. The general recommendations are:</p> <p><strong>For people who are age 19 or younger</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>The first test should be between ages 9 to 11</li> <li>Children should have the test again every 5 years</li> <li>Some children may have this test starting at age 2 if there is a family history of high cholesterol, heart attack, or stroke</li> </ul> <p><strong>For people who are ages 20 to 65</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>Younger adults should have the test every 5 years</li> <li>Men ages 45 to 65 and women ages 55 to 65 should have it every 1 to 2 years</li> </ul> <p><strong>For people older than 65:</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>They should be tested every year</li> </ul> <h3>What affects my cholesterol levels?</h3> <p>Many factors can affect your cholesterol levels. Some of them are things you can change:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Diet.</strong> Saturated <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fat</a> and cholesterol in the food you eat make your blood cholesterol level rise. Saturated fat is the main problem, but cholesterol in foods also matters. Reducing the amount of saturated fat in your diet helps lower your blood cholesterol level. Foods that have high levels of saturated fats include red meats, full-fat dairy products, chocolate, some baked goods, and deep-fried and processed foods.</li> <li><strong>Weight.</strong> Being overweight or having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a> are risk factors for heart disease. They also tend to increase your cholesterol</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Lack of physical activity</a>.</strong> Not being physically active is a risk factor for heart disease.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a></strong>. Cigarette smoking lowers your HDL cholesterol. Since HDL helps to remove cholesterol from your arteries, having a lower HDL level can contribute to a higher cholesterol level. </li> </ul> <p>Some factors that you cannot change can also affect cholesterol levels, such as:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Age.</strong> Your cholesterol levels tend to rise as you get older. Even though it is less common, younger people, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html">children and teens</a>, can also have high cholesterol.</li> <li><strong>Sex.</strong> Between ages 20 and 39, men have a greater risk of high total cholesterol than women. But after <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">menopause</a>, a woman's risk goes up. This happens because menopause lowers levels of female hormones that may protect against high blood cholesterol.</li> <li><strong>Family history.</strong> Your genes partly determine how much cholesterol your body makes. High cholesterol can run in families.</li> <li><strong>Race or ethnicity.</strong> People from certain racial or ethnic groups may have an increased risk of high cholesterol. For example, Asian Americans are more likely to have high levels of LDL cholesterol than other groups. And non-Hispanic White people are more likely than other groups to have high levels of total cholesterol. </li> </ul> <h3>How can I lower my cholesterol?</h3> <p>You can <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html">lower your cholesterol</a> through heart-healthy lifestyle changes. They include a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html">heart-healthy eating plan</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">weight management</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular physical activity</a>.</p> <p>If the lifestyle changes alone do not lower your cholesterol enough, you may also need to take medicines. There are several types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">cholesterol-lowering medicines</a> available, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html">statins</a>. If you take medicines to lower your cholesterol, you still should continue with the lifestyle changes.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Food and Nutrition Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber Cholesterol Hypercholesterolemia Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cholesterol Cholesterol Medicines Dietary Fats HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol Heart Diseases High Cholesterol in Children and Teens How to Lower Cholesterol How to Lower Cholesterol with Diet LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol Nutrition Statins Triglycerides VLDL Cholesterol Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia Familial Hypercholesterolemia Hypercholesterolemia Hyperlipidemia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Library of Medicine Video NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Heart Association PDF Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More American Heart Association Video <h3>What is cholesterol?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">Cholesterol</a> is a waxy, fat-like substance that that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But if you have too much of it in your blood, it can stick to the walls of your arteries and narrow or even block them. This puts you at risk for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a> and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart diseases</a>.</p> <p>Cholesterol is made by your liver. It travels through the blood on proteins called lipoproteins. One type of lipoprotein, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL</a>, is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol. A high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries. Another type, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL</a>, is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol. It carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Then your liver removes the cholesterol from your body.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for high cholesterol?</h3> <p>If you have high cholesterol, lifestyle changes can help you <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html">lower your cholesterol levels</a>. But sometimes the lifestyle changes are not enough, and you need to take cholesterol medicines. But you should still continue with the lifestyle changes even though you are taking medicines.</p> <h3>Who needs cholesterol medicines?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may prescribe cholesterol medicines for you if:</p><ul> <li>You have already had a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, or you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralarterialdisease.html">peripheral arterial disease</a></li> <li>Your LDL (bad) cholesterol level is 190 mg/dL or higher</li> <li>You are 40-75 years old, you have diabetes, and your LDL cholesterol level is 70 mg/dL or higher</li> <li>You are 40-75 years old, you have a high risk of developing heart disease or stroke, and your LDL cholesterol level is 70 mg/dL or higher</li> </ul> <h3>What are the different types of cholesterol medicines?</h3> <p>There are several types of cholesterol-lowering drugs available, including:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html">Statins</a>.</strong> They reduce the amount of cholesterol made in the liver. They also increase your liver's ability to remove LDL cholesterol that is already in the blood. Statins are the most common medicines used to treat high cholesterol.</li> <li><strong>Bile acid sequestrants.</strong> They keep bile acids, which digest fats and oils, from being absorbed into the body. But your body needs bile acids, so your liver will make more of them. It makes them by breaking down LDL cholesterol, so this helps lower your LDL cholesterol. Your provider may prescribe these medicines if you cannot take statins or if statins alone are not lowering your cholesterol enough.</li> <li><strong>Cholesterol absorption inhibitors.</strong> They block how cholesterol is absorbed into the body. They are also used if you cannot take statins or if statins alone are not lowering your cholesterol enough.</li> <li><strong>Nicotinic acid (niacin).</strong> It is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html">B vitamin</a>. It reduces the amount of fats made by your liver, so it lowers your LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Niacin also raises HDL cholesterol. Even though you can buy niacin without a prescription, you should talk to your provider before taking it to lower your cholesterol. High doses of niacin can cause serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">side effects</a>.</li> <li><strong>PCSK9 inhibitors.</strong> These are medicines that you inject under your skin. They block a protein called PCSK9. This helps your liver remove and clear LDL cholesterol from your blood. Your provider may prescribe a PCSK9 inhibitor and a statin if you are at high risk of complications like heart attack or stroke, or if you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hypercholesterolemia/">familial hypercholesterolemia</a> (FH). FH is an inherited disorder that causes very high levels of cholesterol in the blood.</li> <li><strong>Fibrates.</strong> They lower triglycerides in several complex ways, including reducing the amount of triglycerides made by the liver. They may also help increase HDL cholesterol and may lower LDL levels a bit. If you take them with statins, it might increase the risk of side effects.</li> <li><strong>Combination medicines.</strong> They include more than one type of cholesterol-lowering medicine. There are also combination medicines that can treat both <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a> and cholesterol.</li> </ul> <p>There are also a few other cholesterol medicines (lomitapide and mipomersen) that are only for people who have FH.</p> <h3>How does my health care provider decide which cholesterol medicine I should take?</h3> <p>When deciding which medicine you should take and which dose you need, your provider will consider:</p><ul> <li>Your cholesterol levels.</li> <li>Your risk for heart disease and stroke.</li> <li>Your age.</li> <li>Any other health problems you have.</li> <li>Possible side effects of the medicines. Higher doses are more likely to cause side effects, especially over time.</li> </ul> <p>Medicines can help control your cholesterol, but they don't cure it. You need to keep taking your medicines and get regular cholesterol checks to make sure that your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">cholesterol levels</a> are in a healthy range.</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Food and Nutrition Medicinas para el colesterol Nicotinic Acids Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Fibric Acids Hypolipidemic Agents Hypercholesterolemia drug therapy Ezetimibe Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cholesterol Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know Heart Diseases How to Lower Cholesterol Statins Triglycerides Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Heart Association Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH <p>We all want high-quality health care, but it's hard to know how to choose. There are many things to consider, including:</p><ul> <li>What your insurance covers</li> <li>Whether a health care provider or service is accredited</li> <li>The location of a service</li> <li>Hours that the service is available</li> <li>Whether you like a health care provider's personality </li> </ul> <p>On this page you'll find information to help you choose a health care provider or service.</p> Health System Personal Health Issues Elección de un doctor o plan médico Delivery of Health Care Physician-Patient Relations Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute on Aging Health Facilities Patient Safety Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues Joint Commission PDF Related Issues Joint Commission PDF Related Issues Joint Commission PDF Related Issues Joint Commission PDF Start Here Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Find an Expert National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Journal Articles Health Check Tools Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality <h3>What is chronic bronchitis?</h3> <p>Chronic bronchitis is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a> (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). COPD is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe and get worse over time. The other main type of COPD is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html">emphysema</a>. Most people with COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, but how severe each type is can be different from person to person.</p> <p>Chronic bronchitis is inflammation (swelling) and irritation of the bronchial tubes. These tubes are the airways that carry air to and from the air sacs in your lungs. The irritation of the tubes causes mucus to build up. This mucus and the swelling of the tubes make it harder for your lungs to move oxygen in and carbon dioxide out of your body.</p> <h3>What causes chronic bronchitis?</h3> <p>The cause of chronic bronchitis is usually long-term exposure to irritants that damage your lungs and airways. In the United States, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">cigarette smoke</a> is the main cause. Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke can also cause chronic bronchitis, especially if you inhale them.</p> <p>Exposure to other inhaled irritants can contribute to chronic bronchitis. These include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">secondhand smoke</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html">air pollution</a>, and chemical fumes or dusts from the environment or workplace.</p> <p>Rarely, a genetic condition called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html">alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency</a> can play a role in causing chronic bronchitis.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for chronic bronchitis?</h3> <p>The risk factors for chronic bronchitis include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Smoking.</strong> This the main risk factor. Up to 75% of people who have chronic bronchitis smoke or used to smoke.</li> <li><strong>Long-term exposure to other lung irritants</strong>, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes and dusts from the environment or workplace.</li> <li><strong>Age.</strong> Most people who have chronic bronchitis are at least 40 years old when their symptoms begin.</li> <li><strong>Genetics.</strong> This includes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which is a genetic condition. Also, smokers who get chronic bronchitis are more likely to get it if they have a family history of COPD.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of chronic bronchitis?</h3> <p>At first, you may have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, your symptoms usually become more severe. They can include:</p><ul> <li>Frequent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">coughing</a> or a cough that produces a lot mucus</li> <li>Wheezing</li> <li>A whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe</li> <li>Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity</li> <li>Tightness in your chest</li> </ul> <p>Some people with chronic bronchitis get frequent respiratory infections such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">colds</a> and the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a>. In severe cases, chronic bronchitis can cause weight loss, weakness in your lower muscles, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html">swelling</a> in your ankles, feet, or legs.</p> <h3>How is chronic bronchitis diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms</li> <li>A family history</li> <li>Various tests, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">lung function tests</a>, a chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a>, and blood tests</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for chronic bronchitis?</h3> <p>There is no cure for chronic bronchitis. However, treatments can help with symptoms, slow the progress of the disease, and improve your ability to stay active. There are also treatments to prevent or treat complications of the disease. Treatments include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Lifestyle changes</strong>, such as <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">Quitting smoking</a> if you are a smoker. This is the most important step you can take to treat chronic bronchitis.</li> <li>Avoiding secondhand smoke and places where you might breathe in other lung irritants</li> <li>Ask your health care provider for an eating plan that will meet your nutritional needs. Also ask about how much physical activity you can do. Physical activity can strengthen the muscles that help you breathe and improve your overall wellness.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medicines</strong>, such as <ul> <li>Bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier. Most bronchodilators are taken through an inhaler. In more severe cases, the inhaler may also contain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">steroids</a> to reduce inflammation.</li> <li>Vaccines for the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html">flu</a> and pneumococcal pneumonia, since people with chronic bronchitis are at higher risk for serious problems from these diseases.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">Antibiotics</a> if you get a bacterial or viral lung infection</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">Oxygen therapy</a></strong>, if you have severe chronic bronchitis and low levels of oxygen in your blood. Oxygen therapy can help you breathe better. You may need extra oxygen all the time or only at certain times.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">Pulmonary rehabilitation</a></strong>, which is a program that helps improve the well-being of people who have chronic breathing problems. It may include</li> <ul> <li>An exercise program</li> <li>Disease management training</li> <li>Nutritional counseling</li> <li>Psychological counseling</li> </ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html">A lung transplant</a></strong>, as a last resort for people who have severe symptoms that have not gotten better with medicines</li> </ul> <p>If you have chronic bronchitis, it's important to know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You should get emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. Call your health care provider if your symptoms are getting worse or if you have signs of an infection, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a>.</p> <h3>Can chronic bronchitis be prevented?</h3> <p>Since smoking causes most cases of chronic bronchitis, the best way to prevent it is to not smoke. It's also important to try to avoid lung irritants such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, and dusts.</p><p> </p><p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Infections Lungs and Breathing Bronquitis crónica Bronchitis, Chronic Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Bronchitis Asthma COPD Emphysema Oxygen Therapy Pulmonary Rehabilitation Bronchitis Find an Expert American Lung Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Lung Association Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia CKD <p>You have two kidneys, each about the size of your fist. Their main job is to filter your blood. They remove wastes and extra water, which become urine. They also keep the body's chemicals balanced, help control blood pressure, and make hormones.</p> <p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) means that your kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood as they should. This damage can cause wastes to build up in your body. It can also cause other problems that can harm your health. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common causes of CKD.</p> <p>The kidney damage occurs slowly over many years. Many people don't have any symptoms until their kidney disease is very advanced. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">Blood and urine tests</a> are the only way to know if you have kidney disease.</p> <p>Treatments cannot cure kidney disease, but they may slow kidney disease. They include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicines to lower blood pressure</a>, control <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a>, and lower <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">cholesterol</a>. CKD may still get worse over time. Sometimes it can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html">kidney failure</a>. If your kidneys fail, you will need <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">dialysis</a> or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html">kidney transplantation</a>.</p> <p>You can take steps to keep your kidneys healthier longer:</p> <ul> <li>Choose foods with less <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">salt</a> (sodium)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">Control your blood pressure</a>; your health care provider can tell you what your blood pressure should be</li> <li>Keep your blood sugar in the target range, if you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a></li> <li>Limit the amount of alcohol you drink</li> <li>Choose foods that are healthy for your heart: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy foods</li> <li>Lose weight if you are overweight</li> <li>Be physically active</li> <li>Don't smoke</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Enfermedad renal crónica Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Dialysis Kidney Diseases Kidney Failure Kidney Tests CKD Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors National Kidney Disease Education Program NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here American Kidney Fund Start Here National Kidney Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With National Kidney Foundation PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Kidney Foundation Living With National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Kidney Foundation Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Related Issues National Kidney Foundation PDF Statistics and Research National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Videos and Tutorials Life Options Rehabilitation Program Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Kidney Disease Education Program NIH Find an Expert National Kidney Foundation Living With National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse NIH Children Living With National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse NIH Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Living With National Kidney Foundation Women National Kidney Foundation Journal Articles Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Living With Life Options Rehabilitation Program Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Living With National Kidney Foundation Start Here National Kidney Disease Education Program NIH Living With National Kidney Foundation Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH CLL <h3>What is leukemia?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html">Leukemia</a> is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:</p><ul> <li>White blood cells help your body fight infection</li> <li>Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html">Platelets</a> help form clots to stop bleeding</li> </ul> <p>When you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.</p> <h3>What is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?</h3> <p>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of chronic leukemia. "Chronic" means that the leukemia usually gets worse slowly. In CLL, the bone marrow makes abnormal lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html">easy bleeding</a>. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body. CLL is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. It often occurs during or after middle age. It is rare in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html">children</a>.</p> <h3>What causes chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?</h3> <p>CLL happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown, so it's hard to predict who might get CLL. There are a few factors that might raise your risk.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?</h3> <p>It is hard to predict who will get CLL. There are a few factors that could raise your risk:</p><ul> <li>Age - your risk goes up as you get older. Most people who are diagnosed with CLL are over 50.</li> <li>Family history of CLL and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html">blood</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html">bone marrow</a> diseases</li> <li>Racial/ethnic group - CLL is more common in whites than in people from other racial or ethnic groups</li> <li>Exposure to certain chemicals, including Agent Orange, a chemical that was used in the Vietnam War</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?</h3> <p>In the beginning, CLL does not cause any symptoms. Later, you can have symptoms such as:</p><ul> <li>Swollen lymph nodes - you may notice them as painless lumps in the neck, underarm, stomach, or groin</li> <li>Weakness or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">feeling tired</a></li> <li>Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a> and infection</li> <li>Easy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html">bruising</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html">bleeding</a></li> <li>Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.</li> <li>Weight loss for no known reason</li> <li>Drenching night sweats</li> </ul> <h3>How is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose CLL:</p><ul> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>A medical history</li> <li>Blood tests, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">complete blood count (CBC) with differential</a> and blood chemistry tests. Blood chemistry tests measure different substances in the blood, including electrolytes, fats, proteins, glucose (sugar), and enzymes. Specific blood chemistry tests include a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/basic-metabolic-panel-bmp/">basic metabolic panel (BMP)</a>, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/comprehensive-metabolic-panel-cmp/">comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">kidney function tests</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">liver function tests</a>, and an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrolyte-panel/">electrolyte panel</a>.</li> <li>Flow cytometry tests, which check for leukemia cells and identify which type of leukemia it is. The tests can be done on blood, bone marrow, or other tissue.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">Genetic tests</a> to look for gene and chromosome changes</li> </ul> <p>If you are diagnosed with CLL, you may have additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/">bone marrow tests</a>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?</h3> <p>Treatments for CLL include:</p><ul> <li>Watchful waiting, which means that you don't get treatment right away. Your health care provider regularly checks to see if your signs or symptoms appear or change.</li> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Immunotherapy</a></li> <li>Chemotherapy with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">bone marrow</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">stem cell</a> transplant</li> </ul> <p>The goals of treatment are to slow the growth of the leukemia cells and to give you long periods of remission. Remission means that the signs and symptoms of cancer are reduced or have disappeared. The CLL may come back after remission, and you may need more treatment.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Blood, Heart and Circulation Immune System Leucemia linfocítica crónica Leukemia, Lymphoid Spanish National Cancer Institute Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia Childhood Leukemia Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Leukemia CLL Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Find an Expert American Cancer Society Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Lymphoma Research Foundation Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Find an Expert Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Living With American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society CML Chronic granulocytic leukemia Chronic myelogenous leukemia <h3>What is leukemia?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html">Leukemia</a> is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:</p><ul> <li>White blood cells help your body fight infection</li> <li>Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html">Platelets</a> help form clots to stop bleeding</li> </ul> <p>When you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.</p> <h3>What is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)? </h3> <p>Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of chronic leukemia. "Chronic" means that the leukemia usually gets worse slowly. In CML, the bone marrow makes abnormal granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). These abnormal cells are also called blasts. When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html">easy bleeding</a>. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body.</p> <p>CML usually occurs in adults during or after middle age. It is rare in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodleukemia.html">children</a>.</p> <h3>What causes chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?</h3> <p>Most people with CML have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/#causes">genetic change</a> called the Philadelphia chromosome. It's called that because researchers in Philadelphia discovered it. People normally have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell. These chromosomes contain your DNA (genetic material). In CML, part of the DNA from one chromosome moves to another chromosome. It combines with some DNA there, which creates a new gene called BCR-ABL. This gene causes your bone marrow to make an abnormal protein. This protein allows the leukemia cells to grow out of control.</p> <p>The Philadelphia chromosome isn't passed from parent to child. It happens during your lifetime. The cause is unknown.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?</h3> <p>It is hard to predict who will get CML. There are a few factors that could raise your risk:</p><ul> <li>Age - your risk goes up as you get older</li> <li>Gender - CML is slightly more common in men</li> <li>Exposure to high-dose <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html">radiation</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?</h3> <p>Sometimes CML does not cause symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they can include:</p><ul> <li>Feeling very <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">tired</a></li> <li>Weight loss for no known reason</li> <li>Drenching night sweats</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li>Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs on the left side</li> </ul> <h3>How is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose CML:</p><ul> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>A medical history</li> <li>Blood tests, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">complete blood count (CBC) with differential</a> and blood chemistry tests. Blood chemistry tests measure different substances in the blood, including electrolytes, fats, proteins, glucose (sugar), and enzymes. Specific blood chemistry tests include a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/basic-metabolic-panel-bmp/">basic metabolic panel (BMP)</a>, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/comprehensive-metabolic-panel-cmp/">comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">kidney function tests</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/">liver function tests</a>, and an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrolyte-panel/">electrolyte panel</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/">Bone marrow tests</a>. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">Genetic tests</a> to look for gene and chromosome changes, including tests to look for the Philadelphia chromosome</li> </ul> <p>If you are diagnosed with CML, you may have additional tests such as imaging tests to see whether the cancer has spread.</p> <h3>What are the phases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?</h3> <p>CML has three phases. The phases are based on how much the CML has grown or spread:</p><ul> <li>Chronic phase, where less than 10% of cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells (leukemia cells). Most people are diagnosed in this phase, and many do not have symptoms. Standard treatment usually helps in this phase.</li> <li>Accelerated phase, 10% to 19% of the cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells. In this phase, people often have symptoms and standard treatment may not be as effective as in the chronic phase.</li> <li>Blastic phase, where 20% or more of the cells in the blood or bone marrow are blast cells. The blast cells have spread to other tissues and organs. If you have tiredness, fever, and an enlarged spleen during the blastic phase, it is called a blast crisis. This phase is harder to treat.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?</h3> <p>There are several different treatments for CML:</p><ul> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells. For CML, the drugs are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). They block tyrosine kinase, which is an enzyme that causes your bone marrow to make too many blasts.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Immunotherapy</a></li> <li>High-dose chemotherapy with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">stem cell transplant</a></li> <li>Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). DLI is a treatment that may be used after a stem cell transplant. It involves giving you an infusion (into your bloodstream) of healthy lymphocytes from the stem cell transplant donor. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell. These donor lymphocytes may kill the remaining cancer cells.</li> <li>Surgery to remove the spleen (splenectomy)</li> </ul> <p>Which treatments you get will depend on which phase you are in, your age, your overall health, and other factors. When the signs and symptoms of CML are reduced or have disappeared, it is called remission. The CML may come back after remission, and you may need more treatment.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Blood, Heart and Circulation Leucemia mielógena crónica Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative Spanish National Cancer Institute Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia Childhood Leukemia Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Leukemia CML Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Marrow Donor Program Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Diagnosis and Tests Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Find an Expert Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Genetics American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html">Pain</a> is a signal in your nervous system that something may be wrong. It is an unpleasant feeling, such as a prick, tingle, sting, burn, or ache. Pain may be sharp or dull. You may feel pain in one area of your body, or all over. There are two types: acute pain and chronic pain. Acute pain lets you know that you may be injured or have a problem you need to take care of. Chronic pain is different. The pain may last for weeks, months, or even years. The original cause may have been an injury or infection. There may be an ongoing cause of pain, such as arthritis or cancer. In some cases there is no clear cause. Environmental and psychological factors can make chronic pain worse.</p> <p>Many older adults have chronic pain. Women also report having more chronic pain than men, and they are at a greater risk for many pain conditions. Some people have two or more chronic pain conditions.</p> <p>Chronic pain is not always curable, but treatments can help. There are drug treatments, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a>. There are also <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nondrugpainmanagement.html">non-drug treatments</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html">acupuncture</a>, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Symptoms Dolor crónico Chronic Pain Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Non-Drug Pain Management Pain Pain Relievers Pain, Chronic NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics American College of Rheumatology Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues National Center for PTSD Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Living With American Psychological Association Related Issues Office of Disability Employment Policy Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert NIH Pain Consortium NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults American Geriatrics Society Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles <p>Una cicatriz es un parche de piel permanente que crece sobre una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html">herida</a>. Se forma cuando el cuerpo se cura después de una cortadura, un raspón, una quemadura o una llaga. Las cicatrices también pueden resultar tras una cirugía donde se corte la piel, infecciones como la varicela o afecciones de la piel, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html">acné</a>. Las cicatrices suelen ser más gruesas, así como más rosadas, rojas o brillantes que el resto de la piel. </p> <p>La apariencia de sus cicatrices depende de:</p> <ul> <li> El tamaño y la profundidad de la herida </li> <li> Su localización </li> <li> El tiempo de curación</li> <li> Su edad</li> <li> Su tendencia hereditaria a la cicatrización </li> </ul> <p>Las cicatrices suelen desvanecerse con el tiempo, pero nunca desaparecen completamente. Si la apariencia de una cicatriz le molesta, hay varios tratamientos que pueden minimizarla. Entre ellos se encuentran la revisión quirúrgica, la dermoabrasión, los tratamientos con láser, las inyecciones, la eliminación de células muertas con productos químicos y las cremas. </p> Piel, cabello y uñas Scars Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Cirugía plástica y cosmética Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Cigarro electrónico Vaporizador electrónico <p>Los cigarrillos electrónicos o cigarrillos-e son dispositivos para fumar que funcionan con baterías. A menudo se parecen a los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">cigarrillos</a>, pero funcionan de forma diferente. El uso de un cigarrillo electrónico se conoce como "vapear". El usuario inhala desde la boquilla del dispositivo. Esto causa que el vaporizador caliente el líquido dentro del cartucho. El líquido contiene nicotina, aromas y otros productos químicos, lo que luego se convierte en el vapor que se inhala.</p> <p>Algunas personas piensan que los cigarrillos electrónicos son más seguros que los cigarrillos comunes y que pueden ser utilizados para ayudar a la gente a dejar de fumar. Pero no se sabe mucho sobre los riesgos para la salud de su uso, o si ayudan para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar de fumar</a>. Sin embargo, lo que sabemos acerca de algunos peligros de los cigarrillos electrónicos es que:</p> <ul> <li>Contienen nicotina, que es adictiva</li> <li>Contienen otras sustancias químicas potencialmente dañinas</li> <li>Existe una relación entre el uso del cigarrillo electrónico y el consumo de cigarrillos de tabaco en adolescentes</li> <li>El líquido en los cigarrillos electrónicos puede causar envenenamiento por nicotina si alguien lo bebe, huele o toca</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Pulmón y vías respiratorias E-Cigarettes Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH <h3>What is circumcision?</h3> <p>Circumcision is a surgical procedure to remove the foreskin from the penis. The foreskin is the loose skin that covers the tip of the penis. In the United States, circumcision is often done before a new baby leaves the hospital. </p> <h3>What should I consider when deciding whether to have my baby circumcised?</h3> <p>As parents, it is your decision whether to have your baby circumcised. When making your decision, you should consider your own religious, cultural, and personal preferences, as well as the medical benefits and risks. You can discuss these with your baby's health care provider before you make a decision.</p> <h3>What are the medical benefits of circumcision?</h3> <p>The possible medical benefits of circumcision include:</p> <ul> <li>A lower risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> and some other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs).</li> <li>A slightly lower risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html">urinary tract infections</a> (UTIs) during the first year of life and penile cancer later in life. However, these conditions are rare in all males (circumcised or not).</li> <li>Prevention of certain penile problems, such as foreskin infections and phimosis, a condition in which the foreskin can't be retracted (pulled back).</li> <li>Easier hygiene.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the risks of circumcision?</h3> <p>The risks of circumcision include: </p> <ul> <li>A low risk of bleeding, infection, or scarring.</li> <li>A very low risk of having too much or not enough skin cut off.</li> <li>Pain. You can ask the health care provider to put a numbing medicine on your baby's penis to lessen the pain.</li> </ul> <p>These risks are higher when circumcision is performed on older babies, boys, and men.</p> <h3>What else do I need to know about circumcision?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html">Premature babies</a> and babies born with health problems should not be circumcised until they are healthy.</p> <p>If have your baby circumcised, ask their provider how to care for the penis as it heals.</p> <p>If your baby does not get circumcised, their provider can teach you how to keep your baby's penis clean. It's important to know that a newborn's foreskin may not retract completely. Over time, it retracts on its own.</p> Children and Teenagers Men Male Reproductive System Circuncisión Circumcision, Male Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here Nemours Foundation Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics <h3>¿Qué es la circuncisión?</h3> <p>La circuncisión es un procedimiento quirúrgico para eliminar el prepucio del pene. El prepucio es la piel elástica que cubre la cabeza del pene. En los Estados Unidos, la circuncisión suele realizarse antes de que el bebé salga del hospital. </p> <h3>¿Qué debo considerar al decidir si circuncidar a mi bebé?</h3> <p>Como padres, es su decisión circuncidar a su bebé. Al tomar una decisión, debe tomar en cuenta sus propias preferencias religiosas, culturales y personales, así como los beneficios y riesgos médicos. Puede conversar sobre ellos con el profesional de la salud de su bebé antes de tomar una decisión.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los beneficios médicos de la circuncisión?</h3> <p>Los posibles beneficios médicos de la circuncisión incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Un menor riesgo de contraer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> y algunas otras <a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144">infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)</a></li> <li>Un riesgo ligeramente menor de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">infecciones de las vías urinarias</a> durante el primer año de vida y de cáncer de pene más adelante en la vida. Sin embargo, estas afecciones son raras en todos los hombres (circuncidados o no)</li> <li>Prevención de ciertos problemas del pene, como infecciones del prepucio y fimosis, una afección en la que el prepucio no se puede retraer (tirar para atrás)</li> <li>Higiene más fácil</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los riesgos de la circuncisión?</h3> <p>Los riesgos de la circuncisión incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Un bajo riesgo de sangrado, infección o cicatrización</li> <li>Un riesgo muy bajo de que le corten demasiada o poca piel</li> <li>Dolor: Puede pedirle al profesional de la salud que le aplique un medicamento anestésico en el pene de su bebé para disminuir el dolor</li> </ul> <p>Estos riesgos son mayores cuando la circuncisión se realiza en bebés mayores, niños y hombres.</p> <h3>¿Qué más debo saber sobre la circuncisión?</h3> <p>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html">bebés prematuros</a> y aquellos que nacen con problemas de salud no deben ser circuncidados hasta que estén sanos. Si circuncidan a su bebé, pregúntele a su profesional de la salud cómo cuidar el pene mientras sana. Si su bebé no es circuncidado, su proveedor de atención médica puede enseñarle cómo mantener limpio el pene de su bebé. Es importante saber que es posible que el prepucio de un recién nacido no se retraiga por completo. Con el tiempo, se retrae por sí solo. </p> Niños y adolescentes Hombres Sistema reproductor masculino Circumcision Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Hepatic fibrosis <p>Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver. Scar tissue forms because of injury or long-term disease. Scar tissue cannot do what healthy liver tissue does - make protein, help fight infections, clean the blood, help digest food and store energy. Cirrhosis can lead to :</p><ul> <li>Easy bruising or bleeding, or nosebleeds</li> <li>Swelling of the abdomen or legs </li> <li>Extra sensitivity to medicines</li> <li>High blood pressure in the vein entering the liver</li> <li>Enlarged veins called varices in the esophagus and stomach. Varices can bleed suddenly.</li> <li> Kidney failure</li> <li>Jaundice</li> <li>Severe itching</li> <li>Gallstones</li> </ul> <p>A small number of people with cirrhosis get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html">liver cancer</a>.</p> <p>Your doctor will diagnose cirrhosis with blood tests, imaging tests, or a biopsy.</p> <p>Cirrhosis has many causes. In the United States, the most common causes are chronic <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">alcoholism</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html">hepatitis</a>. Nothing will make the scar tissue disappear, but treating the cause can keep it from getting worse. If too much scar tissue forms, you may need to consider a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html">liver transplant</a>. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Cirrosis Liver Cirrhosis Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Gallbladder Diseases Liver Cancer Liver Diseases Liver Transplantation Liver Cirrhosis Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Liver Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American College of Gastroenterology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Department of Veterans Affairs Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Department of Veterans Affairs Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs <p>La cirrosis es un conjunto de cicatrices en el hígado. El tejido cicatricial se forma por lesiones o enfermedades prolongadas. Este tejido no puede hacer lo que hace el tejido hepático sano: producir proteínas, ayudar a combatir las infecciones, limpiar la sangre, ayudar a digerir los alimentos y almacenar energía. </p> <p>La cirrosis puede conducir a:</p> <ul> <li> Formación de moretones o hematomas, sangrado o sangrado de la nariz </li> <li> Hinchazón del abdomen o las piernas </li> <li> Sensibilidad adicional a las medicinas </li> <li> Aumento de la presión en la vena que entra al hígado </li> <li>Venas dilatadas en el esófago y el estómago que pueden sangrar inesperadamente </li> <li>Insuficiencia renal </li> <li> Ictericia</li> <li> Picazón fuerte</li> <li> Piedras en la vesícula </li> </ul> <p>Unas pocas personas con cirrosis desarrollan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html">cáncer de hígado</a>. </p> <p>La cirrosis puede tener muchas causas. En los Estados Unidos, las causas más comunes son el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">alcoholismo</a> crónico y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html">hepatitis</a>. Nada hará desaparecer el tejido escamoso, pero tratar la causa puede evitar que la enfermedad empeore. Si se forma demasiado tejido escamoso, quizá deba pensar en un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html">trasplante de hígado</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Cirrhosis Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de hígado Enfermedades de la vesícula biliar Enfermedades del hígado Trasplante de hígado Cirrosis del hígado Hígado, Cirrosis del Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica <p>Existen muchas razones para someterse a una cirugía. Algunas operaciones pueden aliviar o prevenir el dolor. Otras pueden disminuir un síntoma de alguna afección o mejorar alguna función del cuerpo. Algunas cirugías se hacen para detectar un problema. Por ejemplo, un cirujano puede hacerle una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a>, que implica la extirpación de tejido para examinarlo bajo el microscopio. Algunas operaciones, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html">cirugía de corazón</a>, pueden salvarle la vida.</p> <p>Algunas operaciones que antes necesitaban de grandes incisiones (cortes en el cuerpo) pueden hacerse con cortes mucho más pequeños. A esto se le llama cirugía laparoscópica. Los cirujanos insertan un tubo delgado con una cámara para ver, y utilizan pequeñas herramientas para realizar la operación.</p> <p>Puede haber complicaciones <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aftersurgery.html">después de una cirugía</a>, incluyendo infecciones, sangrado excesivo, reacciones a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anesthesia.html">anestesia</a> o lesiones accidentales. Casi siempre las cirugías implican algo de dolor.</p> <p class="">Agencia Para la Calidad e Investigación y Cuidado de la Salud </p> Cirugía y rehabilitación Surgery Anestesia Cirugía plástica y cosmética Cirugías de corazón Después de una cirugía Trasplante de órganos Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Corrección de la visión con láser LASIK Queratomileusis <p>Para muchas personas la cirugía del ojo con rayos láser puede corregirles la vista para que no necesiten usar más anteojos o lentes de contacto. La cirugía del ojo con láser readapta el contorno de la córnea, que es la cubierta transparente del ojo. Eso modifica la capacidad de enfoque del ojo.</p> <p>Existen distintos tipos de cirugía del ojo con rayos láser. LASIK - queratomileusis in situ asistida por rayos láser - es una de las más comunes. Muchos pacientes que se someten a LASIK terminan con una agudeza visual de 20/20. Pero, como todos los procedimientos médicos, tiene sus propios riesgos y beneficios. Sólo su oculista puede indicarle si es un buen candidato para la cirugía de los ojos con rayos láser.</p> Ojos y visión Cirugía y rehabilitación Laser Eye Surgery Instituto Nacional del Ojo Errores de refracción Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Comisión Federal de Comercio Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Cirugía estética <p>Los cirujanos pueden remodelar la apariencia de ciertas partes del cuerpo por medio de cirugía cosmética. Algunas de las partes del cuerpo que las personas desean mejorar más comúnmente utilizando cirugía incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Senos: aumentar o reducir el tamaño de los senos o remodelado de los senos caídos</li> <li>Orejas: reducir el tamaño de las orejas grandes o acercar a la cabeza las orejas muy sobresalientes</li> <li>Ojos: corregir la caída del párpado superior o eliminar las bolsas debajo de los ojos</li> <li>Cara: eliminar las arrugas faciales, los pliegues o las cicatrices de acné</li> <li>Pelo: rellenar áreas de calvicie con cabellos propios</li> <li>Nariz: cambiar la forma de la nariz</li> <li>Abdomen: reducir el tamaño del abdomen</li> </ul> Cirugía y rehabilitación Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Botox Cicatriz Envejecimiento de la piel Reconstrucción del seno Várices Cirugía cosmética Cirugía estética Implantes de mama Siliconas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Plásticos Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Plásticos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Plásticos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <h3>¿Qué es la cirugía cardíaca?</h3> <p>La cirugía cardíaca puede corregir ciertos problemas cardíacos cuando otros tratamientos no han funcionado o no se pueden usar.</p> En algunos casos, la cirugía cardíaca puede ser una emergencia médica. Por ejemplo, es posible que se deba realizar de inmediato una cirugía para un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardíaco</a> grave. En otros casos, puede planificar la cirugía cardíaca con anticipación. Algunas cirugías cardíacas son operaciones importantes, como la cirugía de derivación cardíaca para arterias bloqueadas en el corazón. Otras cirugías son procedimientos cardíacos menores, como la colocación de un marcapasos.<p></p> <h3>¿Qué afecciones trata la cirugía cardíaca?</h3> <p>Hay diferentes tipos de cirugía cardíaca que pueden ayudar a tratar muchas afecciones cardíacas:</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Hay diferentes tipos de cirugía cardíaca que pueden ayudar a tratar muchas afecciones cardíacas:" width="95%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">¿Qué afecciones trata la cirugía cardíaca?</th> <th scope="col">¿Qué hace la cirugía del corazón?</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a></strong>: Ocurre cuando una sustancia pegajosa llamada placa estrecha o bloquea las arterias que suministran sangre al músculo cardíaco.</td> <td>Crea un nuevo camino para que la sangre fluya alrededor de la parte bloqueada de una arteria en el corazón. Esto se llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html">injerto de derivación de arteria coronaria</a>, o derivación cardíaca. Es la cirugía cardíaca más común en adultos.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html">Enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón</a></strong>: Problemas con las válvulas que controlan el flujo de sangre a través del corazón.</td> <td>Repara las válvulas del corazón.<br/><br/>Reemplaza las válvulas cardíacas con una válvula mecánica o una válvula biológica hecha de tejido cardíaco de cerdo, vaca o humano.</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Arritmia</a></strong>: Problemas con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón. Son causados por cambios en las señales eléctricas que controlan los latidos del corazón.</td> <td>Coloca un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">marcapasos o un desfibrilador cardioversor implantable</a> en el pecho para corregir los latidos del corazón.<br/><br/>Trata la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atrialfibrillation.html">fibrilación auricular</a> con pequeños cortes en el músculo cardíaco. Los cortes forman cicatrices que abren un camino para las señales eléctricas del corazón (cirugía de laberinto).</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Insuficiencia cardíaca</a></strong>: Cuando su corazón está demasiado débil o rígido para bombear suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno para satisfacer las necesidades de su cuerpo.</td> <td>Coloca un dispositivo en el pecho que puede incluir:<ul><li>Un desfibrilador cardioversor implantable para ayudar a prevenir un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html">paro cardíaco repentino</a></li><li>Un marcapasos biventricular para coordinar la acción de bombeo del corazón para que sea más potente</li><li>Un dispositivo de asistencia ventricular para ayudar al corazón a bombear sangre</li><li>Un corazón artificial total para bombear sangre para el corazón</li></ul>Reemplaza un corazón gravemente enfermo por un corazón sano (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html">trasplante de corazón</a>).</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html">Aneurisma</a> </strong>cardíaco: Protuberancia similar a un globo en la pared de una arteria. Puede poner en peligro la vida si el aneurisma se desgarra o revienta.</td> <td>Repara o reemplaza la parte débil de una arteria del corazón utilizando un parche o un tubo de tela.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html">Angina</a></strong>: Dolor en el pecho por enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</td> <td>Utiliza un láser para crear pequeños canales a través de una parte del músculo cardíaco (revascularización transmiocárdica con láser).</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td><strong>Estructuras cardíacas dañadas y anormales</strong>, incluidos <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">defectos cardíacos congénitos</a></strong>: Problemas de la estructura cardíaca desde el nacimiento.</td> <td>Repara daños en el corazón o problemas con la forma en que se forman el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos. Las reparaciones dependen del tipo de defecto o daño.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <h3>¿Qué enfoques utilizan los cirujanos para realizar una cirugía cardíaca?</h3> <p>El enfoque que utiliza un cirujano para realizar una cirugía cardíaca depende del problema cardíaco, la salud general y otros factores. Los enfoques de la cirugía cardíaca incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cirugía a corazón abierto</strong> (también llamada cirugía cardíaca tradicional): Ocurre cuando el cirujano abre el tórax para llegar al corazón. Debido a que es difícil operar con un corazón que late, se usan medicamentos para detener el corazón. Una máquina de circulación fuera del cuerpo mantiene la sangre rica en oxígeno bombeando a través del cuerpo durante la cirugía</li> <li><strong>Cirugía cardíaca sin circulación extracorpórea</strong>: Cirugía a corazón abierto en un corazón que late sin usar una máquina de circulación fuera del cuerpo. El cirujano mantiene constante al corazón con un dispositivo. Los cirujanos pueden usar la cirugía cardíaca sin circulación extracorpórea para realizar injertos de derivación de la arteria coronaria, pero solo en ciertos casos</li> <li><strong>Cirugía cardíaca mínimamente invasiva</strong>: Utiliza pequeños cortes entre las costillas. Los cortes pueden ser tan pequeños como de 2 a 3 pulgadas. El cirujano inserta instrumentos en el tórax a través de los cortes. Este tipo de cirugía cardíaca puede o no usar una máquina de circulación fuera del cuerpo (extracorpórea)</li> <li><strong>Cirugía asistida por robot</strong>: Tipo de cirugía mínimamente invasiva. El cirujano usa una computadora para controlar herramientas en los brazos de un robot. Esto permite que el cirujano sea muy preciso al realizar operaciones difíciles</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los riesgos de la cirugía cardíaca?</h3> <p>Como toda cirugía, la cirugía cardíaca tiene riesgos, aunque los resultados suelen ser excelentes. Los riesgos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html">Sangrado</a></li> <li>Infección, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html">hinchazón</a></li> <li>Problemas por la anestesia (medicamento que lo hace dormir durante la cirugía)</li> <li>Arritmia</li> <li>Daño al corazón, los riñones, el hígado y los pulmones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Accidente cerebrovascular</a></li> </ul> <p>Los riesgos de la cirugía cardíaca tienden a ser mayores si:</p> <ul> <li>La cirugía es una emergencia</li> <li>Tiene otras afecciones médicas, incluyendo:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">Enfermedades de los riñones</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">Enfermedades de los pulmones</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html">Enfermedad arterial periférica</a></li> </ul> </ul> <p class=""> NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Cirugía y rehabilitación Heart Surgery Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Angioplastía Ataque al corazón Bypass de la arteria coronaria Defectos cardíacos congénitos Enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón Enfermedades del corazón Fallo cardíaco Marcapasos y desfibrilador implantable Rehabilitación cardíaca Trasplante de corazón Corazón, Cirugías Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad de Cirujanos Torácicos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad de Cirujanos Torácicos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Bypass gástrico Cirugía bariátrica Cirugía para adelgazar Cirugía para bajar de peso Derivación gástrica <p>La cirugía para adelgazar ayuda a las personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a> extrema para bajar de peso. Puede ser una opción si usted no puede perder peso a través de la dieta y el ejercicio o tiene graves problemas de salud causados por la obesidad.</p> <p>Hay diferentes tipos de cirugía de pérdida de peso. Ellas suelen limitar la cantidad de alimentos que usted puede ingerir. Algunos tipos de cirugía también afectan cómo se digieren los alimentos y se absorben nutrientes. Todos los tipos tienen riesgos y complicaciones, tales como infecciones, hernias y coágulos de sangre.</p> <p>Muchas personas que se someten a la cirugía pierden peso rápidamente, pero recuperan algo del peso más adelante. Si usted sigue las recomendaciones de dieta y ejercicio, puede mantener la mayor parte de la pérdida del peso. Usted también necesitará un seguimiento médico durante el resto de su vida.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Cirugía y rehabilitación Problemas del metabolismo Weight Loss Surgery Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Control de peso Obesidad Bajar peso, Cirugía Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Gastrointestinales Endoscópicos Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Mujeres Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>La cistitis intersticial es una afección que causa molestias o dolor en la vejiga y una necesidad de orinar frecuente y urgentemente. Es mucho más común entre las mujeres que en los hombres. Los síntomas varían de persona a persona. Algunas pueden sentir dolor sin ganas de orinar frecuente y urgentemente. Otros tienen la urgencia sin dolor. </p> <p>Los síntomas de las mujeres suelen empeorar durante la menstruación. También pueden presentar dolor durante las relaciones sexuales. </p> <p>Se desconoce la causa de la cistitis intersticial. No hay un examen que indique si la tiene. Los médicos suelen realizar pruebas para descartar otras posibles causas de los síntomas. No hay una cura pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar a la mayoría de las personas a sentirse mejor. Incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Distensión de la vejiga</li> <li>Lavados en el interior de la vejiga con soluciones medicinales</li> <li>Medicamentos</li> <li>Estimulación eléctrica de los nervios</li> <li>Fisioterapia</li> <li>Cambios en el estilo de vida</li> <li>Cirugía (en pocos casos) </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Riñones y sistema urinario Interstitial Cystitis Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades de la vejiga Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centro Coordinador Nacional de Información sobre Enfermedades de los Riñones y de las Vías Urinarias NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH CMV <p>El citomegalovirus (CMV) es un virus que se encuentra en todo el mundo. Se relaciona con los virus que causan la varicela y la mononucleosis infecciosa. Entre el 50 y 80% de los adultos de los Estados Unidos tuvo una infección por CMV antes de los 40 años de edad. Una vez que el CMV penetra en el cuerpo de la persona, permanece ahí para siempre. </p> <p>El CMV puede transmitirse por contacto directo con líquidos corporales. La mayoría de las personas con CMV no se enferma y tampoco saben que están infectadas. Pero la infección con el virus puede ser seria en los bebés y las personas con un sistema inmunitario debilitado. Si una mujer adquiere el CMV en el embarazo, puede transmitírselo al bebé. Por lo general, estos bebés no tienen problemas de salud. Pero algunos pueden desarrollar discapacidades para toda la vida. </p> <p>Un examen de sangre puede determinar si una persona ha sido infectada con el virus. La mayoría de las personas con CMV no necesita tratamiento. Si tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado, el médico puede recetarle una medicina antiviral. Las buenas prácticas de higiene, incluyendo lavarse las manos correctamente, pueden evitar infecciones. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Cytomegalovirus Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones virales Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>La ciática es un síntoma de algún problema del nervio ciático, el nervio más largo del cuerpo. Este nervio controla los músculos de la parte posterior de la rodilla y de la parte inferior de la pierna y brinda las sensaciones en la parte posterior del muslo, parte de la pierna y la planta del pie. Cuando se tiene ciática, se siente dolor, debilidad, entumecimiento u hormigueo. Puede empezar en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html">parte baja de la espalda </a>y extenderse hacia las piernas, las pantorrillas, los pies e inclusive los dedos de los pies. Suele afectar un sólo lado del cuerpo. </p> <p>La ciática puede deberse a:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herniateddisk.html">Ruptura de discos intervertebrales</a> </li> <li>Estrechamiento del canal medular que ejerce presión sobre el nervio, llamado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalstenosis.html">estenosis medular</a> </li> <li>Lesión como una fractura pélvica </li> </ul> <p>En muchos casos, no se encuentra una causa. </p> <p>Algunas veces, la ciática desaparece espontáneamente. Cuando es necesario, el tratamiento dependerá de la causa del problema. Puede incluir ejercicios, medicinas y cirugía.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Cerebro y nervios Síntomas Sciatica Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Dolor de espalda Enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico Hernia de disco Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Estadounidense de la Columna Vertebral PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <h3>Where are germs found?</h3> <p>Germs are a part of everyday life. Some of them are helpful, but others are harmful and cause disease. They can be found everywhere - in our air, soil, and water. They are on our skin and in our bodies. Germs are also on the surfaces and objects that we touch.</p> <p>Sometimes those germs can spread to you and make you sick. For example, there could be germs on a tv remote. You could get infected with the germs if you touch the remote and then rub your eyes or nose or eat with your hands.</p> <h3>How can I avoid getting germs from surfaces and objects?</h3> <p>To avoid becoming infected by germs from surfaces and objects, it is important to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">wash your hands often</a>. But you can't wash your hands every time you touch something. So it's also important to regularly clean and disinfect surfaces and objects.</p> <h3>What is the difference between cleaning, sanitizing, and disinfecting?</h3> <p>Some people think that disinfecting is same thing as cleaning or sanitizing. But they are actually different:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cleaning</strong> removes dirt, dust, crumbs, and germs from surfaces or objects. When you clean, you will likely use soap (or detergent) and water to physically clean off the surfaces and objects. This may not necessarily kill the germs. But since you removed some of them, there are fewer germs that could spread infection to you.</li> <li><strong>Disinfecting</strong> uses chemicals (disinfectants) to kill germs on surfaces and objects. Some common disinfectants are bleach and alcohol solutions. You usually need to leave the disinfectant on the surfaces and objects for a certain period of time to kill the germs. Disinfecting does not necessarily clean dirty surfaces or remove germs. </li> <li><strong>Sanitizing</strong> could be done by either cleaning, disinfecting, or both. Sanitizing means that you are lowering the number of germs to a safe level. What is considered a safe level depends on public health standards or requirements at a workplace, school, etc. For example, there are sanitizing procedures for restaurants and other facilities that prepare food. What you do to sanitize will vary, depending on your needs. You might be mopping a floor using a mop, a chemical, and water. You might use a dishwasher to sanitize the dishes. Or you could be using an antibacterial wipe on a tv remote.</li> </ul> <p>If you both clean and disinfect a surface or object, you can further lower the risk of spreading infection. There are products that clean and disinfect at the same time.</p> <h3>Which surfaces and objects do I need to clean and disinfect?</h3> <p>To prevent the spread of infection, you should regularly clean and disinfect surfaces and objects that are touched often. For example, in your house, this would include countertops, doorknobs, faucet and toilet handles, light switches, remotes, and toys.</p> <h3>How can I safely clean and disinfect?</h3> <p>It's important to be safe when using cleaning and disinfecting products:</p> <ul> <li>Store them in the containers they came in. Always follow the instructions and pay attention to the warnings on the label. </li><li>Do not mix cleaners and disinfectants unless the labels say that it is safe to do so. Combining certain products (such as chlorine bleach and ammonia cleaners) can cause serious injury or even death.</li> <li>Check the label to see whether you need to use gloves to protect your hands and/or eye protection when using the products</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoning.html">If you swallow, inhale, or get them on your skin</a>, follow the directions on the label or get medical help</li> <li>Store them out of the reach of children</li> </ul> Infections Safety Issues Limpieza, sanitización y desinfección Disinfection Spanish COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Germs and Hygiene Household Products Infection Control Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Environmental Protection Agency Videos and Tutorials Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Video Specifics National Jewish Health Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Federal Communications Commission Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>Cleft lip and cleft palate are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">birth defects</a> that occur when a baby's lip or mouth do not form properly. They happen early during pregnancy. A baby can have a cleft lip, a cleft palate, or both.</p> <p>A cleft lip happens if the tissue that makes up the lip does not join completely before birth. This causes an opening in the upper lip. The opening can be a small slit or a large opening that goes through the lip into the nose. It can be on one or both sides of the lip or, rarely, in the middle of the lip.</p> <p>Children with a cleft lip also can have a cleft palate. The roof of the mouth is called the "palate." With a cleft palate, the tissue that makes up the roof of the mouth does not join correctly. Babies may have both the front and back parts of the palate open, or they may have only one part open.</p> <p>Children with a cleft lip or a cleft palate often have problems with feeding and talking. They also might have ear infections, hearing loss, and problems with their teeth.</p> <p>Often, surgery can close the lip and palate. Cleft lip surgery is usually done before age 12 months, and cleft palate surgery is done before 18 months. Many children have other complications. They may need additional surgeries, dental and orthodontic care, and speech therapy as they get older. With treatment, most children with clefts do well and lead a healthy life.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Mouth and Teeth Genetics/Birth Defects Labio leporino y paladar hendido Cleft Lip Cleft Palate Spanish National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Cleft Palate Specifics Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons PDF Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Living With Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Cleft Palate Foundation Videos and Tutorials National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Specifics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Climate is the average weather in a place over a period of time. Climate change is major change in temperature, rainfall, snow, or wind patterns lasting for many years. It can be caused by natural factors or by human activities. Today climate changes are occurring at an increasingly rapid rate.</p> <p>Climate change can affect our health. It can lead to:</p><ul> <li>More <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heatillness.html">heat-related illness</a> and deaths</li> <li>More pollen, mold, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html">air pollution</a>. This can cause an increase in allergies, asthma, and breathing problems.</li> <li>Mosquitoes and other insects that carry diseases spreading to areas that used to be too cold for them.</li> <li>More <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html">floods</a> and rising sea levels. This can cause an increase in contamination of food and water.</li> <li>More extreme weather events, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hurricanes.html">hurricanes</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wildfires.html">wildfires</a>. These can cause death, injuries, stress, and mental health problems.</li> </ul> <p>Researchers are studying the best ways to lessen climate change and reduce its impact on our health.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Cambio climático Climate Change Spanish National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Global Warming Learn More World Health Organization Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Learn More National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More National Aeronautics and Space Administration Learn More U.S. Global Change Research Program Learn More Department of Agriculture Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More World Health Organization Learn More Department of Energy NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Learn More U.S. Global Change Research Program Journal Articles Learn More Environmental Protection Agency <p>Clinical trials are research studies that test how well new medical approaches work in people. Each study answers scientific questions and tries to find better ways to prevent, screen for, diagnose, or treat a disease. Clinical trials may also compare a new treatment to a treatment that is already available.</p> <p>Every clinical trial has a protocol, or action plan, for conducting the trial. The plan describes what will be done in the study, how it will be conducted, and why each part of the study is necessary. Each study has its own rules about who can take part. Some studies need volunteers with a certain disease. Some need healthy people. Others want just men or just women.</p> <p>An Institutional Review Board (IRB) reviews, monitors, and approves many clinical trials. It is an independent committee of physicians, statisticians, and members of the community. Its role is to:</p><ul> <li>Make sure that the study is ethical</li> <li>Protect the rights and welfare of the participants</li> <li>Make sure that the risks are reasonable when compared to the potential benefits</li> </ul> <p>In the United States, a clinical trial must have an IRB if it is studying a drug, biological product, or medical device that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates, or it is funded or carried out by the federal government.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institutes of Health</p> Personal Health Issues Estudios clínicos Clinical Trials as Topic Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese Understanding Medical Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institutes of Health NIH Women Food and Drug Administration Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Video NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Journal Articles Videos and Tutorials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Videos and Tutorials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH <p>La clonación describe los procesos utilizados para crear una réplica genética exacta de otra célula, tejido u organismo. El material copiado, que tiene la misma constitución genética que el original, se denomina clon. El clon más famoso fue una oveja escocesa llamada Dolly.</p> <p>Existen tres tipos distintos de clonación:</p> <ul> <li> La clonación genética, que crea copias de genes o segmentos de ADN</li> <li> Clonación reproductiva, que crea copias de animales completos</li> <li> Clonación terapéutica, que crea células madre embrionarias. Los investigadores esperan poder utilizar estas células para hacer crecer tejido sano que sustituya los tejidos lesionados o enfermos en el cuerpo humano.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano</p> Genética y defectos congénitos Cloning Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería NIH <p>Cloning describes the processes used to create an exact <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genesandgenetherapy.html">genetic</a> replica of another cell, tissue or organism. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone. The most famous clone was a Scottish sheep named Dolly.</p> <p>There are three different types of cloning:</p> <ul> <li>Gene cloning, which creates copies of genes or segments of DNA</li> <li>Reproductive cloning, which creates copies of whole animals</li> <li>Therapeutic cloning, which creates embryonic <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">stem cells</a>. Researchers hope to use these cells to grow healthy tissue to replace injured or diseased tissues in the human body.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Human Genome Research Institute</p> Genetics/Birth Defects Clonación Cloning, Organism Spanish National Human Genome Research Institute Learn More National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Journal Articles Learn More American Association for the Advancement of Science Learn More Genetic Science Learning Center Learn More Genetic Science Learning Center <h3>What are club drugs?</h3> <p>Club drugs are a group of psychoactive drugs. They act on the central nervous system and can cause changes in mood, awareness, and behavior. These drugs are most often used by young adults at bars, concerts, nightclubs, and parties. Club drugs, like most drugs, have nicknames that change over time or are different in different areas of the country.</p> <h3>What are the different types of club drugs?</h3> <p>The most commonly used types of club drugs include:</p><ul> <li>MDMA (Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), also called Ecstasy and Molly</li> <li>GHB (Gamma-hydroxybutyrate), also known as G and Liquid Ecstasy</li> <li>Ketamine, also known as Special K and K</li> <li>Rohypnol, also known as Roofies</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/methamphetamine.html">Methamphetamine</a>, also known as Speed, Ice, and, Meth</li> <li>LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide), also known as Acid</li> </ul> <p>Some of these drugs are approved for certain medical uses. Other uses of these drugs are misuse.</p> <h3>What are date rape drugs?</h3> <p>Date rape drugs are any type of drug or alcohol used to make <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html">sexual assault</a> easier. Someone could put one in your drink when you are not looking. Or you may be drinking alcohol or taking a drug, and a person may make it stronger without you knowing.</p> <p>Club drugs are also sometimes used as "date rape" drugs. These drugs are very powerful. They can affect you very quickly, and you might not know that something is wrong. The length of time that the effects last varies. It depends on how much of the drug is in your body and if the drug is mixed with other drugs or alcohol. Alcohol can make the effects of drugs even stronger and can cause serious health problems - even death.</p> <h3>Are there steps I can take to protect myself from date rape drugs?</h3> <p>To try to avoid date rape drugs,:</p><ul> <li>Never leave your drink unattended</li> <li>Don't accept drinks from other people</li> <li>If drinking from a can or bottle, open your drink yourself</li> <li>Look out for your friends, and ask them to look out for you</li> </ul> Substance Use and Disorders Drogas de club Flunitrazepam N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine Sodium Oxybate Spanish National Institute on Drug Abuse Drug Use and Addiction Methamphetamine Amphetamines Ecstasy GHB Hallucinogens MDMA Rohypnol Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Find an Expert Drug Enforcement Administration Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Specifics Drug Enforcement Administration Specifics Drug Enforcement Administration Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Find an Expert Partnership to End Addiction Specifics National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Related Issues National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Blow Coca Coke Crack Flake Snow Soda Cot <h3>What is cocaine?</h3> <p>Cocaine is a very addictive drug that is made from leaves of the coca plant found in South America. It is mostly available as an illegal drug that some people use to get high. In rare cases, it is also used as a prescription drug for for anesthesia during certain surgeries.</p> <p>As a street (illegal) drug, cocaine is usually a fine, white, crystal powder. Street dealers sometimes mix it with cornstarch, talcum powder, or flour to make it look like they have more cocaine. That way they can make more money. They may also mix it with other illegal drugs. Another form of the drug is crack cocaine. Crack cocaine has been heated to make it into a rock crystal.</p><p></p> <h3>How do people use cocaine?</h3> <p>People snort cocaine powder through the nose or rub it into their gums. Others dissolve the powder and inject it into the bloodstream. Some people inject a combination of cocaine and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html">heroin</a>, called a "speedball." Crack cocaine is smoked.</p> <h3>What are the short-term effects of cocaine?</h3> <p>Cocaine is a stimulant that can make people feel like they have more energy and are extra alert. But it can also make people feel restless, irritable, anxious, and paranoid. Large amounts of cocaine can lead to bizarre, unpredictable, and violent behavior.</p> <p>Cocaine's effects appear almost immediately and disappear within a few minutes to an hour. How long the effects last and how intense they are will depend on how the person used it.</p> <p>In some cases, cocaine can cause very serious health problems such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html">coma</a>.</p> <h3>What are the long-term effects of cocaine?</h3> <p>People who use cocaine over the long term may develop health problems. Which problems they have will depend on how they used the cocaine:</p><p> </p><ul> <li>Snorting it can lead to a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tasteandsmelldisorders.html">loss of sense of smell</a>, nosebleeds, nasal damage, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">trouble swallowing</a>.</li> <li>Smoking it can cause a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">cough</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">asthma</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">trouble breathing</a>, and a higher risk of infections like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a>.</li> <li>Injecting it with a needle can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html">skin</a> or soft tissue infections, as well as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scars.html">scarring</a>. It can cause collapsed veins. When a vein collapses, the blood cannot flow through it. Injecting cocaine also puts a person at higher risk of getting diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html">hepatitis C</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Other long-term effects of cocaine use may include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html">malnutrition</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html">movement disorders</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson's disease</a>.</p> <p>Repeated use of cocaine can lead to tolerance. This means users need more and more of the drug to have the same effect. At higher doses over time, the body becomes dependent on cocaine. If someone who is dependent on cocaine stops using it, they will have withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a></li> <li>Restlessness</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Increased appetite</li> <li>Bad dreams and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html">insomnia</a></li> <li>Slowed thinking</li> </ul> <p>Repeated use of cocaine can also lead to cocaine use disorder, also called addiction. This is more than physical dependence. It's a chronic (long-lasting) brain disorder. When someone has it, they continue to use cocaine even though it causes problems in their life. Some examples include health problems and not being able to meet responsibilities at work, school, or home. Getting and using cocaine becomes their main purpose in life.</p> <h3>Can a person overdose on cocaine?</h3> <p>It's possible to overdose on cocaine. This happens when a person uses so much cocaine that it causes a life-threatening reaction or death. Some people use cocaine along with other drugs or alcohol. This can increase the risk of an overdose.</p> <p>A cocaine overdose can cause health problems such as:</p> <ul> <li>Stroke</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">Seizures</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">irregular heartbeat</a> (arrhythmia)</li> <li>Heart attack</li> </ul> <p>There is no specific medicine to treat an overdose. Health care providers will focus on treating the specific health problems caused by the overdose.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for cocaine use disorder?</h3> <p>The treatments for cocaine use disorder are different types of behavioral therapies. There are no medicines which can treat it.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse</p> Substance Use and Disorders Cocaína Cocaine-Related Disorders Cocaine Smoking Spanish National Institute on Drug Abuse Drug Use and Addiction Crack Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Images Drug Enforcement Administration Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Related Issues March of Dimes Foundation Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Drug Enforcement Administration Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Teenagers National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Find an Expert Partnership to End Addiction Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Coca Dama blanca Nieve Talco <h3>¿Qué es la cocaína?</h3> <p>La cocaína es una droga muy adictiva que se elabora a partir de las hojas de coca, una planta que crece en América del Sur. Algunas personas usan esta sustancia ilegal para drogarse. En casos raros, también se utiliza como medicamento recetado para anestesia durante ciertas cirugías.</p> <p>Como droga ilegal, la cocaína suele ser un polvo cristalino fino y blanco. A veces, los traficantes la mezclan con maicena, talco o harina para que parezca que tienen más cocaína. De esa manera pueden ganar más dinero. También pueden mezclarla con otras drogas ilegales. Otra forma de droga es el crack. La cocaína crack se ha calentado para convertirla en cristal de roca.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se consume la cocaína?</h3> <p>La cocaína en polvo se aspira por la nariz o se frota en las encías. Algunas personas disuelven el polvo y lo inyectan en el torrente sanguíneo. Otras se inyectan una combinación de cocaína y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html">heroína</a>, conocida como "bola rápida" o "speedball" en inglés. El crack se fuma.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos a corto plazo de la cocaína?</h3> <p>La cocaína es un estimulante que puede hacer sentir a sus consumidores que tienen más energía y están más alerta. Pero también puede hacer que las personas se sientan inquietas, irritables, ansiosas y paranoicas. Grandes cantidades de cocaína pueden provocar comportamientos extraños, impredecibles y violentos.</p> <p>Los efectos de la cocaína aparecen casi de inmediato y desaparecen entre unos minutos y una hora. La duración de los efectos y su intensidad depende de cómo se haya consumido.</p> <p>En algunos casos, la cocaína puede causar problemas de salud muy graves, como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardiaco</a>, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">derrame cerebral</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html">coma</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos a largo plazo de la cocaína?</h3> <p>Las personas que consumen cocaína a largo plazo pueden desarrollar problemas de salud. Los problemas que tengan dependen de cómo consumieron la droga:</p> <ul> <li>Aspirarla por la nariz puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tasteandsmelldisorders.html">pérdida del sentido del olfato</a>, hemorragia nasal, daño en la nariz y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">problemas para tragar</a></li> <li>Fumarla puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">tos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">asma</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">problemas para respirar</a> y un mayor riesgo de infecciones como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a></li> <li>Inyectarla con una aguja puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html">infecciones en la piel</a> o los tejidos blandos, así como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scars.html">cicatrices</a>. Puede provocar colapso de vena. Cuando una vena colapsa, la sangre no puede fluir por ella. Inyectarse cocaína también pone a la persona en mayor riesgo de contraer enfermedades como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html">hepatitis C</a></li> </ul> <p>Otros efectos a largo plazo del consumo de cocaína pueden incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html">desnutrición</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html">trastornos del movimiento</a>, incluyendo mal de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson</a>.</p> <p>El consumo repetido de cocaína puede llevar a tolerancia, es decir, los consumidores necesitan cada vez más droga para obtener el mismo efecto. Con el tiempo, las dosis más altas causan que el cuerpo se vuelva dependiente de la cocaína. Si alguien que es dependiente de la cocaína deja de consumirla, tendrá síntomas de abstinencia. Estos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a></li> <li>Ansiedad</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Aumento del apetito</li> <li>Problemas para dormir e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html">insomnio</a></li> <li>Pensamiento lento</li> </ul> <p>El consumo repetido de cocaína también puede provocar un trastorno por consumo de cocaína o adicción. Esto es más que dependencia física. Es un trastorno cerebral crónico (de larga duración). Cuando una persona tiene este trastorno, sigue consumiendo cocaína aunque le cause problemas en la vida. Algunos ejemplos incluyen problemas de salud y no poder cumplir con sus responsabilidades en el trabajo, la escuela o el hogar. Conseguir y consumir cocaína se vuelve su principal objetivo en la vida.</p> <h3>¿Puede una persona tener una sobredosis de cocaína?</h3> <p>Es posible tener una sobredosis de cocaína. Esto ocurre cuando una persona consume tanta cocaína que provoca una reacción potencialmente mortal o la muerte. Algunas personas consumen cocaína junto con otras drogas o alcohol. Esto puede aumentar el riesgo de una sobredosis.</p> <p>Una sobredosis de cocaína puede causar problemas de salud como:</p> <ul> <li>Accidente cerebrovascular</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">Convulsiones</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Latidos cardíacos irregulares</a> (arritmia)</li> <li>Infarto de miocardio</li> </ul> <p>No existe ningún medicamento específico para tratar una sobredosis. Los profesionales de la salud buscarán tratar los problemas de salud específicos causados por la sobredosis.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno por consumo de cocaína?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para el trastorno por consumo de cocaína son diferentes tipos de terapias conductuales. No existen medicamentos que puedan tratarlo.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Cocaine Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Consumo de drogas y la adicción Abuso de cocaína Crack Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>A cochlear implant is a small, complex electronic device that can help to provide a sense of sound. People who are profoundly <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">deaf</a> or severely hard-of-hearing can get help from them. The implant consists of two parts. One part sits on the outside of the body, behind the ear. A second part is surgically placed under the skin. </p> <p> An implant does not restore normal hearing. It can help a person understand speech. Children and adults can benefit from them. </p> <p class="">National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</p> Ear, Nose and Throat Implantes cocleares Cochlear Implants Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Hearing Aids Hearing Disorders and Deafness Hearing Problems in Children Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Video Start Here Food and Drug Administration Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Audiology Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Children Nemours Foundation Atelectasia pulmonar <p>Un colapso pulmonar ocurre cuando entra aire al espacio pleural (el área entre el pulmón y la pared del pecho). Si el colapso es total, se lo llama neumotórax. Si solo una parte del pulmón colapsa, se denomina atelectasia. </p> <p>Las causas del colapso pulmonar incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Enfermedades de los pulmones, como neumonía o cáncer de pulmón </li> <li>Estar conectado a un ventilador mecánico </li> <li>Cirugía del tórax o abdomen </li> <li>Vía respiratoria obstruida </li> </ul> <p>Pueden no presentarse síntomas si solo un área pequeña colapsa. Pero si el área es más grande, puede sentir falta de aliento y su corazón latiendo más rápidamente. </p> <p>El colapso pulmonar se diagnostica por medio de rayos X. El tratamiento depende de la causa subyacente. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Collapsed Lung Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Enfermedades de los pulmones Lesiones y enfermedades del tórax Trastornos pleurales Pulmón, Colapso Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <h3>What are cold and cough medicines?</h3> <p>Cold and cough medicines can help relieve symptoms of a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">common cold</a>. The symptoms of a cold can include a sore throat, stuffy or runny nose, sneezing, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">coughing</a>.</p> <p>You don't usually need to treat a cold or the cough that it causes. You can't cure a cold, and antibiotics won't help you get better. But sometimes the symptoms can keep you awake or cause a lot of discomfort. In that case, cold and cough medicines can sometimes be helpful.</p> <h3>What are the different types of cold and cough medicines?</h3> <p>There are lots of different cold and cough medicines, and they do different things:</p> <ul> <li>Nasal decongestants - unclog a stuffy nose</li> <li>Cough suppressants - quiet a cough</li> <li>Expectorants - loosen mucus in your lungs so you can cough it up</li> <li>Antihistamines - stop runny noses and sneezing</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">Pain relievers</a> - ease fever, headaches, and minor aches and pains</li> </ul> <h3>What do I need to know about taking cold and cough medicines?</h3> <p>Before taking these medicines, read the labels and follow the instructions carefully. Many cold and cough medicines contain the same active ingredients. For example, some of them include pain relievers. If you are taking these medicines and are also taking a separate pain reliever, you could be getting a dangerous amount of the pain reliever.</p> <p>Do not give cold or cough medicines to children under two, and don't give aspirin to children.</p> <h3>What else can I do to feel better for a cold or cough?</h3> <p>If you decide that you don't want to take cold and cough medicines, there are other ways to feel better:</p> <ul> <li>Drink lots of fluids</li> <li>Get plenty of rest</li> <li>Use a cool mist humidifier</li> <li>Use saline nose drops or sprays</li> <li>Use nasal suctioning with a bulb syringe, which can be very helpful in children under a year old</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Drug Therapy Medicinas para la tos y el resfrío Nasal Decongestants Multi-Ingredient Cold, Flu, and Allergy Medications Antitussive Agents Histamine Antagonists Spanish Common Cold Cough Cough Medicines Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Children Food and Drug Administration Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Fever blister Oral herpes <p>Cold sores are caused by a contagious virus called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html">herpes simplex virus</a> (HSV). There are two types of HSV. Type 1 usually causes oral herpes, or cold sores. Type 1 herpes virus infects more than half of the U.S. population by the time they reach their 20s. Type 2 usually affects the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html">genital area</a>.</p> <p>Some people have no symptoms from the infection. But others develop painful and unsightly cold sores. Cold sores usually occur outside the mouth, on or around the lips. When they are inside the mouth, they are usually on the gums or the roof of the mouth. They are not the same as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cankersores.html">canker sores</a>, which are not contagious.</p> <p>There is no cure for cold sores. They normally go away on their own in a few weeks. Antiviral medicines can help them heal faster. They can also help to prevent cold sores in people who often get them. Other medicines can help with the pain and discomfort of the sores. These include ointments that numb the blisters, soften the crusts of the sores, or dry them out. Protecting your lips from the sun with sunblock lip balm can also help.</p> Infections Mouth and Teeth Herpes labial Herpes Labialis Spanish Herpes Simplex Mouth Disorders Fever Blister Herpes, Oral Oral Herpes Related Issues Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Children American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL) Lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) Niveles de colesterol <h3>¿Qué es el colesterol?</h3> <p>El colesterol es una sustancia cerosa y parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su cuerpo. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para producir hormonas, vitamina D y sustancias que le ayuden a digerir los alimentos. Su cuerpo produce todo el colesterol que necesita. El colesterol también se encuentra en alimentos de origen animal, como yemas de huevo, carne y queso.</p> <p>Si tiene demasiado colesterol en la sangre, puede combinarse con otras sustancias en la sangre para formar placa. La placa se pega a las paredes de sus vasos sanguíneos. Esta acumulación se llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">arterioesclerosis</a>. Puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a>, afección que puede estrechar o incluso bloquear las arterias coronarias. </p> <h3>¿Qué es el colesterol bueno (HDL), el colesterol malo (LDL) y la lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)?</h3> <p>El colesterol bueno (HDL), malo (LDL) y lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL) son lipoproteínas, es decir, una combinación de grasas (lípidos) y proteínas. Los lípidos necesitan estar unidos a las proteínas para moverse en la sangre. Los diferentes tipos de lipoproteínas tienen distintos propósitos:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL</a></strong> significa lipoproteínas de alta densidad en inglés. En ocasiones se le llama colesterol "bueno" porque ayuda a eliminar el colesterol de su cuerpo. Transporta el colesterol de otras partes de su cuerpo de regreso al hígado. Su hígado luego elimina el colesterol de su cuerpo</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL</a></strong> significa lipoproteínas de baja densidad en inglés. A veces se le llama colesterol "malo" porque un nivel alto de LDL lleva a una acumulación de placa en las arterias</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vldlcholesterol.html">Lipoproteína de muy baja densidad</a></strong><a href="../spanish/vldlcholesterol.html" tid="6910"> (VLDL en inglés)</a>. Algunos también la califican como colesterol "malo" porque contribuye a la acumulación de placa en las arterias. Pero la lipoproteína de muy baja densidad y el LDL son diferentes; la lipoproteína de muy baja densidad transporta triglicéridos y el LDL principalmente lleva colesterol</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa el colesterol alto?</h3> <p>La causa más común del colesterol alto es un estilo de vida poco saludable. Esto puede incluir:</p><ul> <li><strong>Hábitos alimenticios poco saludables</strong>, como comer muchas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">grasas</a> saturadas. Estas grasas se encuentran en algunas carnes rojas, productos lácteos enteros, chocolate, algunos productos horneados y muchos alimentos procesados y fritos. Comer demasiada grasa saturada puede elevar su colesterol malo (LDL)</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Falta de actividad física</a></strong>, con mucho sedentarismo y poco ejercicio. Esto reduce el colesterol bueno (HDL).</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a></strong>, lo que reduce el colesterol bueno (HDL), especialmente en las mujeres. También aumenta su colesterol malo (LDL)</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">Estrés</a></strong>, que puede subir los niveles de ciertas hormonas como los corticosteroides. Estas pueden hacer que su cuerpo produzca más colesterol</li> <li><strong>Beber demasiado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a></strong>, lo que puede aumentar el nivel de colesterol total </li> </ul> <p>La genética también puede causar que las personas tengan colesterol alto. Por ejemplo, la hipercolesterolemia familiar es una afección hereditaria que provoca niveles muy altos dede colesterol altoen la sangre. Otras afecciones médicas y ciertos medicamentos también pueden elevar el nivel de colesterol malo (LDL) y bajar el de colesterol bueno (HDL).</p> <h3>¿Qué puede aumentar mi riesgo de colesterol alto?</h3> <p>Varias cosas pueden aumentar su riesgo de colesterol alto:</p><ul> <li><strong>Su edad</strong>: Sus niveles de colesterol tienden a aumentar a medida que envejece. Aunque es menos común, personas jóvenes, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highcholesterolinchildrenandteens.html">niños y adolescentes</a>, pueden también tener colesterol alto</li> <li><strong>Sexo</strong>: Entre los 20 y los 39 años, los hombres tienen un mayor riesgo de tener colesterol total alto que las mujeres. Pero después de la menopausia, el riesgo de una mujer aumenta. Esto sucede porque la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">menopausia</a> reduce los niveles de hormonas femeninas que pueden proteger contra el colesterol alto en sangre. </li><li><strong>Antecedentes familiares</strong>: El colesterol alto puede correr en familias</li> <li><strong>Otras afecciones de salud</strong>: Enfermedades como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">enfermedad renal crónica</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html">lupus</a> pueden aumentar el riesgo de colesterol alto </li><li><strong>Medicamentos</strong>: Algunas medicinas pueden aumentar su nivel de colesterol LDL o reducir su nivel de colesterol HDL, entre ellas: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">Corticoides</a></li> <li>Algunos medicamentos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a></li> <li>Medicamentos tomados después de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">trasplante de órgano</a></li> <li>Medicamentos para ciertas enfermedades cardíacas</li> <li>Ciertos medicamentos para el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html">acné</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Raza o etnicidad</strong>: Personas de ciertas razas o grupos étnicos pueden tener un mayor riesgo de colesterol alto. Por ejemplo, los asiático-americanos tienen más probabilidades de tener niveles altos de colesterol LDL que otros grupos. Y los blancos no hispanos tienen más probabilidades que otros grupos de tener niveles altos de colesterol total</li> <li><strong>Peso</strong>: Tener sobrepeso u obesidad aumenta su nivel de colesterol</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas de salud puede causar el colesterol alto?</h3> <p>El colesterol alto en sangre no diagnosticado o tratado puede provocar problemas de salud graves:</p> <ul> <li>Si tiene grandes depósitos de placa en sus arterias, un trozo de placa puede romperse. Esto puede causar que se forme un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulo de sangre</a>. Si el coágulo es lo suficientemente grande, puede bloquear un poco o completamente el flujo de sangre en una arteria coronaria.</li> <li>Si el flujo de sangre rica en oxígeno al músculo cardíaco se reduce o se bloquea, puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html">angina</a> (dolor de pecho) o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque al corazón</a>.</li> <li>La placa también puede acumularse en otras arterias de su cuerpo, incluidas las arterias que llevan sangre rica en oxígeno a su cerebro y extremidades. Esto puede conducir a problemas como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carotidarterydisease.html">enfermedades de las arterias carótidas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html">enfermedad arterial periférica</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo sé si tengo colesterol alto?</h3> <p>Por lo general, no hay signos o síntomas de que tenga colesterol alto. Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">análisis de sangre</a> puede medir sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">análisis de sangre</a>. Cuándo y con qué frecuencia debe realizarse esta prueba depende de su edad, factores de riesgo e historia familiar. Las recomendaciones generales son:</p> <p>Para personas de 19 años o menores:</p><ul> <li>La primera prueba debe ser entre los nueve y 11 años</li> <li>Los niños deberían hacerse la prueba nuevamente cada cinco años</li> <li> Algunos niños pueden hacerse esta prueba a partir de los dos años si hay antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto, ataque cardíaco o derrame cerebral</li> </ul> <p>Para personas de 20 a 65 años:</p><ul> <li>Los adultos más jóvenes deben hacerse la prueba cada cinco años</li> <li>Los hombres de 45 a 65 años y las mujeres de 55 a 65 años deben hacérsela cada uno a dos años</li> </ul> <p>Personas mayores de 65 años</p> <ul> <li>Deben hacerse la prueba todos los años</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo bajar mi colesterol?</h3> <p>Puede <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html">bajar su colesterol</a> mediante cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón. Estos incluyen un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html">plan de alimentación saludable</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">control del peso</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">ejercicio regular</a>. Si estos cambios en el estilo de vida no son suficientes, es posible que también deba tomar medicamentos. Hay varios tipos disponibles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html">medicamentos para reducir el colesterol</a>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html">estatinas</a>. Si toma medicamentos para reducir el colesterol, aún debe continuar con los cambios en el estilo de vida.</p> <p>Algunas personas con hipercolesterolemia familiar pueden recibir un tratamiento llamado aféresis de lipoproteínas. Este tratamiento utiliza una máquina de filtrado para eliminar el colesterol malo (LDL) de la sangre. Luego, la máquina devuelve el resto de la sangre a la persona.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Alimentos y nutrición Cholesterol Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Colesterol bueno (HDL) Colesterol malo (LDL) Cómo bajar su colesterol Cómo bajar su colesterol con dieta Enfermedades del corazón Grasas en la dieta Lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL) Medicinas para el colesterol Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber Nutrición Triglicéridos Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Enciclopedia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Enciclopedia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Enciclopedia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Infografía Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Fácil de leer En inglés y español Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF <h3>¿Qué es el colesterol?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> es una sustancia cerosa y parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su cuerpo. Su hígado produce colesterol y también se encuentra en algunos alimentos, como la carne y los productos lácteos. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para funcionar bien. Pero si su niño o adolescente tiene colesterol alto (demasiado colesterol en la sangre), se puede pegar en las paredes de las arterias, estrechándolas o incluso bloqueándolas. Esto puede poner a su niño o adolescente en riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad arterial coronaria</a> y otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la causa del colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes?</h3> <p>Tres factores principales contribuyen al colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes:</p><ul> <li>Una dieta no saludable, especialmente una que es alta en grasas saturadas</li> <li>Antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto, especialmente cuando uno o ambos padres tienen colesterol alto</li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> </ul> <p>Algunas enfermedades, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html">diabetes</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">enfermedad renal</a> (de los riñones) y ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">enfermedades de la tiroides</a> también pueden causar colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes?</h3> <p>En general, el colesterol alto en niños o adolescentes no presenta signos o síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes?</h3> <p>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">análisis de sangre</a> puede medir los niveles de colesterol. La prueba entrega información sobre:</p><ul> <li><strong>Colesterol total</strong>: Esta es la medida de la cantidad total de colesterol en la sangre. Incluye el colesterol de lipoproteína de baja densidad (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL</a>, por su sigla en inglés) y el colesterol de lipoproteína de alta densidad (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL</a>, por su sigla en inglés)</li> <li><strong>Colesterol LDL</strong>: A menudo se denomina colesterol "malo" porque es la principal fuente de acumulación y obstrucción por colesterol en las arterias</li> <li><strong>Colesterol HDL</strong>: A menudo se conoce como colesterol "bueno" porque ayuda a eliminar el colesterol de sus arterias</li> <li><strong>No-HDL</strong>: Esta cifra es su colesterol total menos su colesterol bueno (HDL). Su colesterol no-HDL incluye el colesterol malo (LDL) y otros tipos de colesterol, como la lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html">Triglicéridos</a></strong>: Otro tipo de grasa en su sangre que puede aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad del corazón</li> </ul> <p>Para cualquier persona de 19 años o menor, los niveles saludables de colesterol son:</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for age 19 or younger" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Tipo de colesterol</th> <th scope="col">Nivel saludable</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Colesterol total</td> <td>Menos de 170 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>No-HDL</td> <td>Menos de 120 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>LDL</td> <td>Menos de 110 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>HDL</td> <td>Más de 45 mg/dL</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p>La frecuencia de este examen depende de la edad de su niño o adolescente, factores de riesgo e historia familiar. Las recomendaciones generales son:</p><ul> <li>La primera prueba debe ser entre los nueve y once años de edad</li> <li>Los niños deberían hacerse la prueba nuevamente cada cinco años</li> <li>Algunos niños pueden hacerse esta prueba a partir de los dos años si hay antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardíaco</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes?</h3> <p>El tratamiento principal para el colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes son cambios en el estilo de vida. Estos cambios incluyen:</p><ul> <li><strong>Hacer actividad física regular</strong>: Esto incluye hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">ejercicio frecuentemente</a> y pasar menos tiempo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">sentado</a> (frente al televisor, una computadora, un teléfono o una tableta, entre otros)</li> <li><strong>Alimentación saludable</strong>: La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html">dieta para reducir el colesterol</a> incluye limitar los alimentos con alto contenido de grasas saturadas, azúcar y colesterol. También es importante comer muchas frutas frescas, vegetales y granos integrales</li> <li><strong>Bajar de peso</strong> si su niño o adolescente tiene sobrepeso u obesidad</li> </ul> <p>Si todos en la familia hacen estos cambios, será más fácil para su niño o adolescente atenerse a ellos. También es una oportunidad para mejorar su salud y la de su familia.</p> <p>En ocasiones, los cambios en el estilo de vida no son suficientes para bajar el colesterol de su niño o adolescente. El profesional de la salud de su niño o adolescente puede considerar recetarle medicamentos para el colesterol si hijo:</p><ul> <li>Tiene al menos 10 años de edad</li> <li>Tiene un nivel de colesterol malo (LDL) superior a 190 mg / dL, incluso después de seis meses de cambios en la dieta y el ejercicio</li> <li>Tiene un nivel de colesterol malo (LDL) que es más alto que 160 mg / dL y tiene un alto riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca</li> <li>Tiene hipercolesterolemia familiar, un trastorno hereditario que provoca niveles muy altos de colesterol en la sangre </li> </ul> Niños y adolescentes Sangre, corazón y circulación Alimentos y nutrición High Cholesterol in Children and Teens Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Colesterol Colesterol bueno (HDL) Colesterol malo (LDL) Ejercicio para niños Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber Nutrición del niño Obesidad en niños Niños y adolescentes, Colesterol Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <h3>¿Qué es el colesterol?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> es una sustancia cerosa y parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su cuerpo. Su hígado produce colesterol y también se encuentra en algunos alimentos, como carne y productos lácteos. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para funcionar bien, pero tener demasiado colesterol en la sangre aumenta el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué es el colesterol HDL y el LDL?</h3> <p>El colesterol HDL y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">colesterol LDL</a> son dos tipos de lipoproteínas, una combinación de grasas (lípidos) y proteína. Los lípidos necesitan unirse a las proteínas para poder moverse en la sangre. El HDL y el LDL tienen funciones diferentes:</p><ul> <li>HDL significa lipoproteínas de alta densidad en inglés. A veces se le llama colesterol "bueno" porque transporta el colesterol de otras partes de su cuerpo a su hígado. Su hígado luego elimina el colesterol de su cuerpo</li> <li>LDL significa lipoproteínas de baja densidad en inglés. En ocasiones se le llama colesterol "malo" porque un nivel alto de LDL lleva a una acumulación de colesterol en las arterias</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo sé cuál es mi nivel de colesterol HDL?</h3> <p>Una prueba de sangre puede medir sus niveles de colesterol, incluyendo el HDL. Cuándo y con qué frecuencia debe realizarse esta prueba depende de su edad, factores de riesgo e historia familiar. Las recomendaciones generales son:</p> <p>Para personas de 19 años o menores:</p><ul> <li>La primera prueba debe ser entre los nueve y 11 años</li> <li>Los niños deberían hacerse la prueba nuevamente cada cinco años</li> <li>Algunos niños pueden hacerse esta prueba a partir de los dos años si hay antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto, ataque cardíaco o derrame cerebral</li> </ul> <p>Para personas de 20 años o mayores:</p><ul> <li>Los adultos más jóvenes deben hacerse la prueba cada cinco años</li> <li>Los hombres de 45 a 65 años y las mujeres de 55 a 65 años deben hacérsela cada uno a dos años </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuál debería ser mi nivel de colesterol bueno (HDL)?</h3> <p>Los números más altos son mejores para el colesterol bueno (HDL), porque un nivel alto de HDL puede reducir el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a>:</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy HDL levels by age and sex" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Edad</th> <th scope="col">Nivel saludable de colesterol HDL</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Edad 19 años o menores </td> <td>Más de 45 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Hombres de 20 años y mayores</td> <td>Más de 40 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Mujeres de 20 o mayores</td> <td>Más de 50 mg/dL</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <h3>¿Cómo puedo elevar mi nivel de colesterol bueno (HDL)?</h3> <p>Si su nivel de HDL es demasiado bajo, los cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar. Estos cambios también pueden ayudar a prevenir otras enfermedades y le harán sentir mejor en general:</p><ul> <li><strong>Coma una dieta saludable:</strong> Para elevar su nivel de HDL, necesita comer grasas buenas en lugar de grasas malas. Esto significa limitar las grasas saturadas, que incluyen la leche entera y el queso, las carnes con alto contenido de grasa como las salchichas y el tocino, y las comidas preparadas con mantequilla, manteca de cerdo y aceite vegetal hidrogenado. También debe evitar las grasas trans, que pueden estar en algunas margarinas, alimentos fritos y alimentos procesados como productos horneados. En cambio, coma grasas insaturadas, que se encuentran en el aguacate, aceites vegetales como el aceite de oliva y nueces. Limite los carbohidratos, especialmente el azúcar. También intente comer más alimentos naturalmente ricos en fibra, como avena y frijoles</li> <li><strong>Mantenga un peso saludable:</strong> Puede aumentar su nivel de colesterol HDL al perder peso, especialmente si tiene mucha grasa alrededor de la cintura</li> <li><strong>Haga ejercicio:</strong> Hacer ejercicio en forma regular puede elevar su nivel de colesterol bueno (HDL), así como reducir su colesterol malo (LDL). Debe intentar hacer ejercicio durante 30 minutos la mayoría de los días, si puede ejercitarse todos los días, todavía mejor</li> <li><strong>Evite los cigarrillos:</strong> Fumar y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">exposición pasiva al cigarrillo</a> (o tabaco) pueden reducir su nivel de colesterol HDL. Si es fumador, solicite ayuda a su proveedor de atención médica para encontrar la mejor manera de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejarlo</a>. También debe tratar de evitar la exposición al humo</li> <li><strong>Limite el alcohol:</strong> El alcohol moderado puede disminuir su nivel de colesterol HDL, aunque se necesitan más estudios para confirmarlo. Lo que sí sabemos es que un exceso de alcohol puede hacer que aumente de peso, lo que reduce el nivel de HDL </li> </ul> <p>Algunos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html">medicamentos para el colesterol</a>, incluyendo ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html">estatinas</a>, pueden elevar su nivel de colesterol bueno (HDL), además de reducir su colesterol malo (LDL). En general, los proveedores de atención médica no recetan medicamentos solo para aumentar el HDL. Pero si tiene un HDL bajo y uno alto de LDL, es posible que necesite medicamentos.</p> <h3>¿Qué más puede afectar mi nivel de colesterol bueno (HDL)?</h3> <p>Tomar ciertos medicamentos puede disminuir los niveles de HDL en algunas personas. Estos incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Betabloqueantes, un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicinas para la presión arterial</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html">Esteroides anabólicos</a>, incluyendo la testosterona, una hormona masculina</li> <li>Progestinas, hormonas femeninas que se encuentran en algunas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">píldoras anticonceptivas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">terapia de reemplazo hormonal</a></li> <li>Benzodiazepinas, sedantes que a menudo se usan para la ansiedad y el insomnio</li> </ul> <p>Si está tomando alguno de estos medicamentos y tiene un nivel muy bajo de HDL, pregúntele a su proveedor si debe seguir tomándolos.</p> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> también puede disminuir su nivel de HDL, lo que le da otra razón para controlar su diabetes.</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Alimentos y nutrición HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Enciclopedia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica LDL <h3>¿Qué es el colesterol?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> es una sustancia cerosa y parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su cuerpo. Su hígado produce colesterol y también se encuentra en algunos alimentos, como carne y productos lácteos. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para funcionar bien, pero tener demasiado colesterol en la sangre aumenta el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué es el colesterol HDL y el LDL?</h3> <p>El colesterol <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL</a> y colesterol LDL son dos tipos de lipoproteínas, una combinación de grasas (lípidos) y proteína. Los lípidos necesitan unirse a las proteínas para poder moverse en la sangre. El HDL y el LDL tienen funciones diferentes:</p><ul> <li>HDL significa lipoproteínas de alta densidad en inglés. A veces se le llama colesterol "bueno" porque transporta el colesterol de otras partes de su cuerpo a su hígado. Su hígado luego elimina el colesterol de su cuerpo</li> <li>LDL significa lipoproteínas de baja densidad en inglés. En ocasiones se le llama colesterol "malo" porque un nivel alto de LDL lleva a una acumulación de colesterol en las arteria</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo un alto nivel de colesterol malo (LDL) puede elevar mi riesgo de enfermedad de las arterias coronarias y otras enfermedades?</h3> <p>Si tiene un nivel alto de colesterol LDL, esto significa que tiene demasiado colesterol LDL en la sangre. Este LDL adicional, junto con otras sustancias, forma placa. La placa se acumula en sus arterias; lo que se conoce como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">arterioesclerosis</a>.</p> <p>La enfermedad de las arterias coronarias ocurre cuando la acumulación de placa se encuentra en las arterias de su corazón. Hace que las arterias se endurezcan y se estrechen, lo que disminuye o bloquea el flujo de sangre a su corazón. Dado que su sangre transporta oxígeno a su corazón, esto significa que su corazón no podrá obtener suficiente oxígeno. Esto puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html">angina</a> (dolor de pecho) o, si el flujo de sangre está completamente bloqueado, un ataque al corazón.</p> <h3>¿Cómo sé cuál es mi nivel de colesterol malo (LDL)?</h3> <p>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">prueba de sangre</a> puede medir sus niveles de colesterol, incluyendo el LDL. Cuándo y con qué frecuencia debe realizarse esta prueba depende de su edad, factores de riesgo e historia familiar. Las recomendaciones generales son:</p> <p><strong>Para personas de 19 años o menores:</strong></p><ul> <li>La primera prueba debe ser entre los nueve y 11 años</li> <li>Los niños deberían hacerse la prueba nuevamente cada cinco años</li> <li>Algunos niños pueden hacerse esta prueba a partir de los dos años si hay antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto, ataque cardíaco o derrame cerebral</li> </ul> <p><strong>Para personas de 20 años o mayores:</strong></p><ul> <li> Los adultos más jóvenes deben hacerse la prueba cada cinco años</li> <li>Los hombres de 45 a 65 años y las mujeres de 55 a 65 años deben hacérsela cada uno a dos años</li> </ul> <p><strong>Para personas mayores de 60 años:</strong></p><ul> <li>Deben hacerse la prueba cada año</li> </ul> <p>Es posible que deba controlar su colesterol con mayor frecuencia si tiene una enfermedad cardíaca, diabetes o antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto.</p> <h3>¿Qué puede afectar mi nivel de colesterol malo (LDL)?</h3> <p>Las cosas que pueden afectar su nivel de LDL incluyen:</p><ul> <li><strong>Dieta:</strong> La grasa saturada y el colesterol en los alimentos que come aumentan el nivel de colesterol LDL en la sangre</li> <li><strong>Peso:</strong> Tener sobrepeso tiende a elevar su nivel de LDL, disminuir su nivel de HDL y aumentar su nivel de colesterol total</li> <li><strong>Ejercicio:</strong> La falta de actividad física puede llevar al aumento de peso, lo que puede elevar su nivel de LDL</li> <li><strong>Fumar:</strong> Fumar cigarrillos reduce el colesterol bueno (HDL). Como el HDL ayuda a eliminar el colesterol malo (LDL) de las arterias, si tiene menos HDL, puede contribuir a que tenga un nivel de LDL más alto</li> <li><strong>Edad y sexo:</strong> A medida que las mujeres y los hombres envejecen, aumentan sus niveles de colesterol. Antes de la menopausia, las mujeres tienen niveles de colesterol total más bajos que los hombres de la misma edad. Después de la menopausia, los niveles de LDL en las mujeres tienden a subir</li> <li><strong>Historia familiar:</strong> Sus genes determinan en parte la cantidad de colesterol que produce su cuerpo. El colesterol alto puede estar en familias. Por ejemplo, la hipercolesterolemia familiar es una forma hereditaria de colesterol alto en la sangre</li> <li><strong>Medicinas</strong>: Ciertos medicamentos, incluidos los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html">esteroides</a>, algunos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicamentos para la presión arterial</a> y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html">medicinas para el VIH</a>, pueden elevar su nivel de LDL</li> <li><strong>Otras afecciones médicas</strong>: Las enfermedades como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">enfermedad renal crónica</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> pueden causar un nivel más alto de LDL</li> <li><strong>Raza o etnia</strong>: Personas de ciertos grupos raciales o étnicos pueden tener un mayor riesgo de colesterol alto. Por ejemplo, los afroamericanos suelen tener niveles más altos de colesterol bueno (HDL) y colesterol malo (LDL) que los estadounidenses blancos. Los estadounidenses de origen asiático tienen más probabilidades de tener niveles de LDL más altos que otros grupos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuál debería ser mi nivel de colesterol malo (LDL)?</h3> <p>Tener números bajos de colesterol malo (LDL) son buenos, porque un nivel alto de LDL puede aumentar el riesgo de enfermedad de las arterias coronarias y problemas relacionados. Los rangos generales para adultos sanos son:</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Categories of cholesterol" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Nivel de colesterol LDL</th> <th scope="col">Categoría de colesterol LDL</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Menos de 100mg/dL</td> <td>Óptimo</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>100-129mg/dL</td> <td>Casi óptimo / Poco mejor que óptimo</td> </tr> <tr class="r3"> <td>130-159 mg/dL</td> <td>Límite alto</td> </tr> <tr class="r4"> <td>160-189 mg/dL</td> <td>Alto</td> </tr> <tr class="r5"> <td>190 mg/dL y más</td> <td>Muy alto</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p>Si tiene enfermedad de las arterias coronarias o tiene un alto riesgo de tenerla, su profesional de la salud puede tener objetivos diferentes para su nivel de LDL.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo reducir mi nivel de colesterol malo (LDL)?</h3> <p>Hay dos formas para bajar su nivel de colesterol malo (LDL):</p><ul> <li><strong>Cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para su corazón</strong>, los que incluyen:</li> <ul> <li><strong>Dieta saludable para el corazón</strong>: Un plan de alimentación saludable para el corazón limita la cantidad de grasas saturadas y trans que usted consume. Los ejemplos de planes de alimentación que pueden reducir su nivel de LDL incluyen la dieta <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html">cambios terapéuticos en el estilo de vida</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html">plan de alimentación DASH</a></li> <li><strong>Control del peso</strong>: Si tiene sobrepeso, perder peso puede ayudar a reducir su colesterol malo (LDL)</li> <li><strong>Actividad física</strong>: Todos deben realizar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física regularmente</a> (30 minutos la mayoría de los días, si puede ejercitarse todos los días, todavía mejor) </li> </ul> <li><strong>Tratamiento con medicinas:</strong> Si los cambios en el estilo de vida por sí solo no bajan su nivel de LDL lo suficiente, es posible que también deba tomar medicamentos. Hay varios tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html">medicamentos disponibles para reducir el colesterol</a>, incluidas las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html">estatinas</a>. Los medicamentos funcionan de diferentes maneras y pueden tener diferentes efectos secundarios. Hable con su proveedor de atención médica sobre cuál es el adecuado para usted. Mientras toma medicamentos para reducir su nivel de LDL, debe continuar con los cambios en el estilo de vida.</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas con hipercolesterolemia familiar pueden recibir un tratamiento llamado aféresis de lipoproteínas. Este tratamiento utiliza una máquina de filtrado para eliminar el colesterol malo (LDL) de la sangre. Luego, la máquina devuelve el resto de la sangre a la persona.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Alimentos y nutrición LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre LDL Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Colitis ulcerosa Enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria <p>La colitis ulcerativa es una enfermedad que causa inflamación y úlceras en la membrana que recubre el recto y el colon. Pertenece a un grupo de enfermedades llamado enfermedad intestinal inflamatoria. </p> <p>La colitis ulcerativa puede ocurrir a cualquier edad, pero suele comenzar entre los 15 y los 30 años. Tiende a ser hereditaria. Los síntomas más comunes son dolor abdominal y diarrea con sangre. Otros síntomas pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li>Anemia</li> <li>Cansancio severo</li> <li>Pérdida de peso</li> <li>Pérdida del apetito</li> <li>Hemorragia rectal</li> <li>Llagas en la piel</li> <li>Dolor en las articulaciones</li> <li>Problemas de crecimiento en niños</li> </ul> <p>Aproximadamente la mitad de las personas con colitis ulcerativa tienen síntomas leves. </p> <p>Los médicos utilizan pruebas de sangre, pruebas de heces, la colonoscopía y pruebas de imagen para diagnosticarla. Varios tipos de medicamentos pueden ayudar a controlarla. Algunas personas tienen largos períodos de remisión, cuando están libres de síntomas. En casos severos, los médicos deben extirpar el colon</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Ulcerative Colitis Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedad de Crohn Colitis Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal Inflamación intestinal, Enfermedad Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Americana del Hígado Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH <p>A collapsed lung happens when air enters the pleural space, the area between the lung and the chest wall. If it is a total collapse, it is called pneumothorax. If only part of the lung is affected, it is called atelectasis.</p> <p>Causes of a collapsed lung include:</p><ul> <li>Lung diseases such as pneumonia or lung cancer</li> <li>Being on a breathing machine</li> <li>Surgery on the chest or abdomen</li> <li>A blocked airway</li> </ul> <p>If only a small area of the lung is affected, you may not have symptoms. If a large area is affected, you may feel short of breath and have a rapid heart rate.</p> <p>A chest x-ray can tell if you have it. Treatment depends on the underlying cause.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Lungs and Breathing Colapso pulmonar Pulmonary Atelectasis Pneumothorax Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Chest Injuries and Disorders Lung Diseases Pleural Disorders Atelectasis Pneumothorax Find an Expert American Lung Association Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Thoracic Society PDF Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert American Lung Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <p>College life involves excitement, along with new challenges, risks, and responsibilities. You are meeting new people, learning new things, and making your own decisions. It can sometimes be stressful. You have to deal with pressures related to food, drink, appearance, drugs, and sexual activity.</p> <p>There are steps you can take to stay healthy and safe while you're in college:</p> <ul> <li>Eat a balanced diet</li> <li>Get enough sleep</li> <li>Get regular physical activity</li> <li>Maintain your health with checkups and vaccinations</li> <li>If you decide to have sex, practice safe sex</li> <li>Make smart choices about alcohol and drugs</li> <li>Get help if you are stressed or depressed</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Children and Teenagers Wellness and Lifestyle Salud en la universidad Universities Students Spanish School Health Teen Health Underage Drinking Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Health and Human Services Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Specifics Boston Children's Hospital Specifics Boston Children's Hospital Related Issues Boston Children's Hospital Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Specifics Food Allergy Research & Education PDF Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Journal Articles Test Your Knowledge Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Large intestine diseases <p>Your colon, also known as the large intestine, is part of your digestive system. It's a long, hollow tube at the end of your digestive tract where your body makes and stores stool. Many disorders affect the colon's ability to work properly. Some of these include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html">Colorectal cancer</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html">Colonic polyps</a> - extra tissue growing in the colon that can become cancerous</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html">Ulcerative colitis</a> - ulcers of the colon and rectum</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html">Diverticulitis</a> - inflammation or infection of pouches in the colon</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html">Irritable bowel syndrome</a> - an uncomfortable condition causing abdominal cramping and other symptoms</li> </ul> <p>Treatment for colonic diseases varies greatly depending on the disease and its severity. Treatment may involve diet, medicines and in some cases, surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Enfermedades del colon Colonic Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Colonic Polyps Colonoscopy Colorectal Cancer Crohn's Disease Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis Intestinal Obstruction Irritable Bowel Syndrome Ulcerative Colitis Intestinal Diseases Find an Expert American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American College of Gastroenterology Specifics International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Treatments and Therapies American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Colon polyps <p>A polyp is an extra piece of tissue that grows inside your body. Colonic polyps grow in the large intestine, or colon. Most polyps are not dangerous. However, some polyps may turn into cancer or already be cancer. To be safe, doctors remove polyps and test them. Polyps can be removed when a doctor examines the inside of the large intestine during a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">colonoscopy</a>.</p> <p>Anyone can get polyps, but certain people are more likely than others. You may have a greater chance of getting polyps if you :</p><ul> <li> Are over age 50 </li> <li> Have had polyps before </li> <li> Have a family member with polyps </li> <li> Have a family history of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html">colon cancer</a> </li> </ul> <p>Most colon polyps do not cause symptoms. If you have symptoms, they may include blood on your underwear or on toilet paper after a bowel movement, blood in your stool, or constipation or diarrhea lasting more than a week.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Cancers Digestive System Pólipos del colon Colonic Polyps Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Colonic Diseases Colorectal Cancer Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition PDF Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Harvard Medical School <h3>What are colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy?</h3> <p>Colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy are procedures that let your doctor look inside your rectum and colon (large intestine). They use instruments called scopes. Scopes have a light and a tiny camera attached to a long, thin tube. These procedures let your doctor see problems such as inflamed tissue, ulcers, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html">polyps</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html">cancer</a>.</p> <p>Colonoscopy checks your entire colon and rectum. Flexible sigmoidoscopy checks the rectum and the lower colon (sigmoid colon) only.</p> <h3>What is a virtual colonoscopy?</h3> <p>A virtual colonoscopy also looks inside your rectum and part of your colon. But it does not use a scope. Instead, it is an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a> test. Another name for this test is CT colonography.</p> <h3>Who needs a colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy?</h3> <p>You may need a colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy to find the cause of unexplained symptoms such as:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">Bleeding</a> from your anus (the opening of the rectum through which stool passes out of your body)</li> <li>Changes in your bowel activity, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">Pain in your abdomen</a> (belly)</li> <li>Unexplained weight loss</li> </ul> <p>Doctors also use these procedures to screen for colon polyps and cancer. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html">Screening</a> is testing for diseases when you have no symptoms. It may find diseases at an early stage, when they are easier to treat. If aren't at higher risk for colorectal cancer, your health care provider will likely recommend you start getting screenings at age 45. If you are at higher risk, you may need to start getting screened for colorectal cancer earlier.</p> <p>There are also other<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colorectal-cancer-screening-tests/"> tests to screen for colorectal cancer</a>, including stool tests. Talk with your provider about which test is right for you and when and how often you should get it.</p> <h3>How do you prepare for a colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy?</h3> <p>To prepare for a colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy, you will need to:</p> <ul> <li>Talk with your doctor about any health problems you have and all of the medicines and supplements that you take. You may need to stop taking some of your medicines and/or supplements before the procedure.</li> <li>Follow the bowel prep instructions from your doctor. The bowel prep clears the stool out of your colon, so your doctor will be able to see the colon during the procedure: <ul> <li>You may need to follow a clear liquid diet, usually for about one day before the procedure. Avoid red or purple drinks or gelatin; the dye can look like blood in the colon. You probably need to stop eating and drinking the night before the exam.</li> <li>You will need to take some laxatives. They may be pills, a powder that you dissolve in liquid, an enema, or a combination of these. The laxative will cause diarrhea, so you need to stay close to the bathroom.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>For a virtual colonoscopy, you will also need to drink a contrast medium the night before. The contrast medium is a dye or other substance that is visible on x-rays. It can help your doctor tell the difference between stool and polyps.</p> <h3>How are colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, and flexible sigmoidoscopy done?</h3> <br/><br/> <p><strong>For a colonoscopy:</strong></p> <ul> <li>You will have the procedure at a hospital or outpatient center. It usually takes 30 to 60 minutes.</li> <li>You will get IV (intravenous) sedatives or anesthesia, usually along with pain medicine, so you won't be awake or feel pain during the procedure.</li> <li>You'll lie on a table while the doctor inserts a colonoscope through your anus and into your rectum and colon. The scope inflates your large intestine with air for a better view. The camera sends a video image to a monitor so your doctor can see your colon.</li> <li>Once the scope reaches the opening to your small intestine, the doctor will slowly remove the scope. While doing so, your doctor will examine your colon again.</li> <li>If you have polyps, your doctor may remove them and send them to a lab for testing. Most polyps aren't cancer, but removing them can prevent them from becoming cancer later on.</li> <li>If you have abnormal tissue, your doctor may do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>.</li> <li>The sedative or anesthesia takes time to wear off completely. You'll stay at the hospital or outpatient center for 1 to 2 hours after the procedure. Then you will need someone to drive you home.</li> </ul> <p><strong>For a virtual colonoscopy:</strong></p> <ul> <li>You will have the procedure at a hospital or outpatient center. It usually takes about 10 to 15 minutes.</li> <li>You do not need anesthesia.</li> <li>You'll lie on a table while a specially trained x-ray technician inserts a thin tube through your anus and into your rectum. The tube inflates your large intestine with air for a better view.</li> <li>The table slides into a tunnel-shaped device where the technician takes the x-ray images. You will turn over on your side or stomach to get more images taken.</li> </ul> <p><strong>For a flexible sigmoidoscopy:</strong></p> <ul> <li>You will have the procedure at a hospital, medical office, or outpatient center. It usually takes about 20 minutes.</li> <li>You do not need anesthesia.</li> <li>You'll lie on a table while the doctor inserts a thin tube through your anus and into your rectum. The tube inflates your large intestine with air for a better view. The camera sends a video image to a monitor so your doctor can see your lower colon.</li> <li>Once the scope has reached the top of the lower colon, the doctor will slowly remove the scope. While doing so, your doctor will examine your lower colon again.</li> <li>If you have polyps, your doctor may remove them and send them to a lab for testing. Most polyps aren't cancer, but removing them can prevent them from becoming cancer later on.</li> <li>If you have abnormal tissue, your doctor may do a biopsy.</li> </ul> <h3>What should I expect after a colonoscopy, virtual colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy?</h3> <p>You may feel cramping in your abdomen or bloating during the first hour after the any of these procedures. If the doctor removed polyps or performed a biopsy, you may have light bleeding from your anus. This bleeding is normal.</p> <p>For a virtual colonoscopy or a flexible sigmoidoscopy, you go back to your regular activities and diet right after the test. For a colonoscopy, you can expect a full recovery and return to your normal diet by the next day.</p> <p>Your doctor will give you the results of your procedure. If you had a biopsy, it can take a few days to get those results.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Diagnostic Tests Colonoscopía Colonoscopy Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Japanese Korean Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Colonic Diseases Colonic Polyps Colorectal Cancer Sigmoidoscopy Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Video <h3>¿Qué es la colonoscopia y la sigmoidoscopia flexible?</h3> <p>La colonoscopia y la sigmoidoscopia flexible son procedimientos que permiten a su profesional de la salud observar el interior de su recto y colon (intestino grueso). Utiliza un instrumento llamado endoscopio. Los endoscopios tienen una luz y una cámara pequeña conectada a un tubo largo y delgado. Estos procedimientos le permiten a su proveedor ver problemas como tejido inflamado, úlceras, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html">pólipos</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html">cáncer</a></p> <p>La colonoscopia examina todo el colon y el recto. La sigmoidoscopia flexible examina únicamente el recto y la parte inferior del colon (colon sigmoide).</p> <h3>¿Qué es una colonoscopia virtual?</h3> <p>Una colonoscopia virtual también observa dentro del recto y parte de su colon. Pero no utiliza un endoscopio. En cambio, es una prueba de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">rayos X</a>. También se conoce como colonografía por TC.</p> <h3>¿Quién necesita una colonoscopia, una colonoscopia virtual o una sigmoidoscopia flexible?</h3> <p>Es posible que necesite una colonoscopia, una colonoscopia virtual o una sigmoidoscopia flexible para encontrar la causa de síntomas sin causa aparente, como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">Sangrado</a> del ano (la abertura del recto a través de la cual salen las heces de su cuerpo)</li> <li>Cambios en sus hábitos intestinales, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">Dolor abdominal</a></li> <li>Pérdida de peso sin explicación</li> </ul> <p>Los profesionales de la salud también utilizan estos procedimientos para detectar pólipos y cáncer de colon. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html">pruebas de detección</a> buscan enfermedades cuando no presentan síntomas. Pueden encontrar enfermedades temprano, cuando son más fáciles de tratar. Si no tiene un alto riesgo de cáncer colorrectal, es probable que su proveedor de atención médica le recomiende comenzar a hacerse pruebas de detección a partir de los 45 años. Si tiene un mayor riesgo, es posible que deba comenzar antes.</p> <p>Existen otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-de-cancer-colorrectal/">pruebas para detectar el cáncer colorrectal</a>, incluyendo pruebas de heces. Hable con su proveedor sobre qué prueba es adecuada para usted y cuándo y con qué frecuencia debe hacérsela.</p> <h3>¿Cómo prepararse para una colonoscopia, una colonoscopia virtual o una sigmoidoscopia flexible?</h3> <p>Para prepararse para una colonoscopia, una colonoscopia virtual o una sigmoidoscopia flexible, debe:</p> <ul> <li>Hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre cualquier problema de salud que tenga y todos los medicamentos y suplementos que toma. Es posible que deba dejar de tomar algunos de sus medicamentos y/o suplementos antes del procedimiento</li> <li>Seguir las instrucciones de preparación intestinal de su médico. La preparación intestinal elimina las heces de su colon, para que su médico pueda observar su colon durante el procedimiento:</li> <ul> <li>Es posible que deba seguir una dieta de líquidos claros, en general un día antes del procedimiento. Evite las bebidas o gelatinas rojas o moradas, ya que el tinte puede verse como sangre en el colon. Es probable que deba evitar comer y beber la noche anterior al examen</li> <li>Deberá tomar algunos laxantes. Pueden ser pastillas, polvo que se disuelve en líquido, un enema o una combinación de estos. El laxante causará diarrea, por lo que debe permanecer cerca del baño</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Para una colonoscopia virtual, también deberá beber un medio de contraste la noche anterior. El medio de contraste es un tinte u otra sustancia visible en las radiografías. Puede ayudar a su profesional de la salud a diferenciar entre heces y pólipos.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se realiza la colonoscopia, la colonoscopia virtual y la sigmoidoscopia flexible?</h3> <p><strong>Para una colonoscopia:</strong></p> <ul> <li>El procedimiento se hace en un hospital o centro ambulatorio. Suele tardar entre 30 y 60 minutos</li> <li>Se le administran sedantes o anestesia por vía intravenosa, generalmente junto con analgésicos, para que no esté despierto ni sienta dolor durante el procedimiento</li> <li>Usted se acuesta mientras el médico inserta un colonoscopio a través de su ano dentro de su recto y colon. El endoscopio infla su intestino grueso con aire para observar mejor. La cámara envía una imagen de video a un monitor para que su médico pueda observar su colon</li> <li>Una vez que el endoscopio llegue a la abertura de su intestino delgado, el médico lo retirará lentamente. Mientras lo hace, volverá a examinar su colon</li> <li>Si tiene pólipos, su profesional de la salud puede extirparlos y enviarlos a un laboratorio para su análisis. La mayoría de los pólipos no son cáncer, pero extirparlos puede evitar que se conviertan en cáncer más adelante</li> <li>Si tiene tejido anormal, su médico puede hacer una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a></li> <li>El sedante o la anestesia tardan en desaparecer por completo. Permanecerá en el hospital o centro ambulatorio de 1 a 2 horas después del procedimiento. Luego, necesitará que alguien lo lleve a casa</li> </ul> <p><strong>Para una colonoscopia virtual:</strong></p> <ul> <li>El procedimiento se hace en un hospital o centro ambulatorio. Por lo general, toma alrededor de 10 a 15 minutos</li> <li>No necesita anestesia</li> <li>Usted está acostado sobre una mesa mientras un técnico de rayos X especialmente capacitado inserta un tubo delgado a través de su ano hasta el recto. El tubo infla su intestino grueso con aire para observar mejor</li> <li>La mesa se desliza hacia un dispositivo en forma de túnel donde el técnico toma las imágenes de rayos X. Usted se da vuelta de lado o boca abajo para que le tomen más imágenes</li> </ul> <p><strong>Para una sigmoidoscopia flexible:</strong></p> <ul> <li>El procedimiento se hace en un hospital, consultorio médico o centro ambulatorio. Suele tardar unos 20 minutos</li> <li>No necesita anestesia</li> <li>Usted se cuesta en una mesa mientras el médico inserta un tubo delgado a través de su ano hasta el recto. El tubo infla su intestino grueso con aire para observar mejor. La cámara envía una imagen de video a un monitor para que su médico pueda observar la parte inferior del colon</li> <li>Una vez que el endoscopio haya llegado a la parte superior del colon inferior, el médico retirará lentamente el endoscopio. Mientras lo hace, volverá a examinar la parte inferior del colon</li> <li>Si tiene pólipos, su médico puede extirparlos y enviarlos a un laboratorio para su análisis. La mayoría de los pólipos no son cáncer, pero extirparlos puede evitar que se conviertan en cáncer más adelante</li> <li>Si tiene tejido anormal, su profesional de la salud puede hacer una biopsia</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué esperar después de una colonoscopia, una colonoscopia virtual o una sigmoidoscopia flexible?</h3> <p>Es posible que sienta calambres en el abdomen o hinchazón durante la primera hora después de cualquiera de estos procedimientos. Si el profesional de la salud retiró pólipos o realizó una biopsia, es posible que tenga sangrado leve por el ano. Este sangrado es normal.</p> <p>Luego de una colonoscopia virtual o una sigmoidoscopia flexible, usted puede volver a sus actividades y dieta regulares inmediatamente después de la prueba. Para una colonoscopia, puede esperar una recuperación completa y volver a su dieta normal al día siguiente.</p> <p>Su profesional de la salud le entregará los resultados de su procedimiento. Si le hicieron una biopsia, los resultados pueden estar listos en algunos días.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Pruebas de diagnóstico Colonoscopy Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer del colon y del recto Enfermedades del colon Pólipos del colon Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH <p>Most of us see our world in color. We enjoy looking at a lush green lawn or a red rose in full bloom. If you have a color vision defect, you may see these colors differently than most people. </p> <p>There are three main kinds of color vision defects. Red-green color vision defects are the most common. This type occurs in men more than in women. The other major types are blue-yellow color vision defects and a complete absence of color vision.</p> <p>Most of the time, color blindness is genetic. There is no treatment, but most people adjust and the condition doesn't limit their activities. </p> Eyes and Vision Genetics/Birth Defects Daltonismo Color Vision Defects Spanish National Eye Institute Eye Diseases Vision Impairment and Blindness Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Optometric Association Children National Eye Institute Video NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Journal Articles Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology Colon cancer Rectal cancer <h3>What is colorectal cancer?</h3> <p>Colorectal cancer is cancer that develops in the tissues of the colon or rectum. Your colon and rectum are part of your digestive system:</p> <ul> <li>Your colon is the first and longest part of your large intestine. It absorbs water and some nutrients from foods. It also changes the leftover waste products into stool (poop).</li> <li>Your rectum is the lower part of your large intestine. It's where your body stores stool.</li> </ul> <p>Cancer that begins in the colon is called colon cancer, and cancer that begins in the rectum is called rectal cancer. Cancer that affects either of these parts may also be called colorectal cancer.</p> <h3>What causes colorectal cancer?</h3> <p>Colorectal cancer happens when there are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation/">changes in your genetic material (DNA)</a>. These changes are also called mutations or variants. Often, the genetic changes that lead to colorectal cancer happen during your lifetime and the exact cause is unknown. But certain genetic changes that raise your risk for colorectal cancer are inherited, meaning that you are born with them.</p> <p>Besides genetics, other factors, including your lifestyle and the environment, can affect your risk of colorectal cancer.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop colorectal cancer?</h3> <p>Anyone can get colorectal cancer, but certain factors make you more likely to develop it:</p> <ul> <li>Being older; your risk of getting colorectal cancer increases as you age.</li> <li>Having a personal or family history of colorectal cancer.</li> <li>Having a history of adenomas. Adenomas are colorectal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html">polyps</a> (growths) that look abnormal under a microscope or are 1 centimeter or larger. Adenomas are not cancer, but they can sometimes turn into cancer over time.</li> <li>Having a genetic syndrome such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-adenomatous-polyposis/">familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/lynch-syndrome/">Lynch syndrome</a> (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer).</li> <li>Having chronic <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html">ulcerative colitis</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html">Crohn disease</a> for 8 years or more.</li> <li>Having three or more <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcoholic drinks</a> per day.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking cigarettes</a>.</li> <li>Being Black; Black people have an increased risk of colorectal cancer and death from colorectal cancer compared to other races.</li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?</h3> <p>Colorectal cancer may not always cause symptoms, especially at first. If you do have symptoms, they could include:</p> <ul> <li>A change in bowel habits that lasts more than a few days, such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">Constipation</a></li> <li>Feeling that the bowel does not empty completely</li> <li>Your stool is narrower or has a different shape than usual</li> </ul> </li> <li>Blood (either bright red or very dark) in the stool</li> <li>Frequent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html">gas</a> pains, bloating, fullness, or cramps</li> <li>Weight loss for no known reason</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> </ul> <h3>What is screening for colorectal cancer and who needs it?</h3> <p>Because colorectal cancer may not cause symptoms at first, it's important to have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colorectal-cancer-screening-tests/">screening tests for colorectal cancer</a>. Screening tests look for signs of a disease before you have any symptoms. They can help find cancer early, when it may be easier to treat.</p> <p>Most experts recommend that start screenings at 45 and continue until at least age 75. People over 75 and those who are at high risk should talk to their providers about how often you need screening and what type of test they should get.</p> <p> The types of tests include different stool tests and procedures such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">colonoscopies</a> and flexible sigmoidoscopy. Talk with your provider about how often you need screening and what type of test you should get.</p> <h3>How is colorectal cancer diagnosed?</h3> <p>If you have symptoms that could be caused by colorectal cancer or if your screening test results are abnormal, you may need to have more tests to find out if you have cancer. Possible tests include:</p> <ul> <li>A physical exam.</li> <li>A digital rectal exam. For this exam, your provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into your rectum to feel for lumps or anything unusual.</li> <li>The tests that are also used for screening (colonoscopy, stool tests, etc.) and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>, if you have not already had them.</li> <li>Other blood and tissue tests.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for colorectal cancer?</h3> <p>Your treatment options usually depend on your age, your general health, how serious the cancer is, and which type of cancer you have.</p> <p>For <strong>colon cancer</strong>, your treatment may include one or more of these options:</p> <ul> <li>Surgery.</li> <li>Radiofrequency ablation, a procedure that uses radio waves to heat and destroy abnormal cells. The radio waves travel through electrodes (small devices that carry electricity).</li> <li>Cryosurgery, a procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a>.</li> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that mainly attack specific cancer cells and cause less harm to normal cells.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Immunotherapy</a>.</li> </ul> <p>For <strong>rectal cancer</strong>, your treatment may include one or more of these options:</p> <ul> <li>Surgery.</li> <li>Radiation therapy.</li> <li>Chemotherapy.</li> <li>Active surveillance, which means having regular tests to see if your rectal cancer has changed. If the tests show the cancer is starting to grow, then you will have treatment to try to cure the cancer.</li> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that mainly attack specific cancer cells and cause less harm to normal cells.</li> <li>Immunotherapy.</li> </ul> <h3>Can colorectal cancer be prevented?</h3> <p>Avoiding the risk factors that you have control over may help prevent some cancers. That includes:</p> <ul> <li>Not smoking</li> <li>Limiting alcohol to under three drinks per day</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Managing your weight</a></li> </ul> <p>There are also other steps you can take to try to prevent colorectal cancer. They include:</p> <ul> <li>Getting regular colorectal cancer screenings</li> <li>Having polyps removed before they can become cancerous</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Getting regular exercise</a></li> </ul> Cancers Digestive System Cáncer del colon y del recto Colorectal Neoplasms Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Colonic Diseases Colonic Polyps Colonoscopy Rectal Disorders Colon Cancer Rectal Cancer Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Health Check Tools National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Symptoms American Cancer Society Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Videos and Tutorials American Cancer Society Video Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Treatments and Therapies Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Living With American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Living With American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Colorectal Cancer Coalition PDF Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society <p>A coma is a deep state of unconsciousness. An individual in a coma is alive but unable to move or respond to his or her environment. Coma may occur as a complication of an underlying illness, or as a result of injuries, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">brain injury</a>.</p> <p>A coma rarely lasts more than 2 to 4 weeks. The outcome for coma depends on the cause, severity, and site of the damage. People may come out of a coma with physical, intellectual, and psychological problems. Some people may remain in a coma for years or even decades. For those people, the most common cause of death is infection, such as pneumonia.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Coma Coma Persistent Vegetative State Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Traumatic Brain Injury Persistent Vegetative State Find an Expert American Academy of Neurology Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Estado vegetativo <p>El coma es un estado profundo de inconsciencia. Una persona en coma está viva pero incapaz de moverse o responder a su entorno. El estado de coma se puede presentar como una complicación de una enfermedad subyacente o como resultado de lesiones, tales como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">traumatismo del cráneo</a>. </p> <p>El estado de coma rara vez dura más de 2 a 4 semanas. El resultado depende de la causa, la severidad y sitio de la lesión. La gente puede salir de un coma con problemas físicos, intelectuales y psicológicos. Algunas personas pueden permanecer en coma durante años o incluso décadas. Para esa gente, la causa de muerte más común es una infección, como una neumonía. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Coma Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Lesión cerebral traumática Estado vegetativo Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH <h3>What is the common cold?</h3> <p>The common cold is a mild infection of your upper respiratory tract (which includes your nose and throat). Colds are probably the most common illness. Adults have an average of 2-3 colds per year, and children have even more. Colds are more common in the winter and spring, but you can get them at any time.</p> <h3>What causes the common cold?</h3> <p>More than 200 different viruses can cause a cold, but rhinoviruses are the most common type. The viruses that cause colds are very contagious. They can spread from person to person through the air and close personal contact. You can also get infected when you touch something that has the virus on it and then touch your eyes, mouth, or nose. For example, you could get a cold after you shake hands with someone who has a cold or touch a doorknob that has the germs on it, and then touch your face.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of the common cold?</h3> <p>The symptoms of a common cold usually include:</p> <ul> <li>Sneezing</li> <li>Stuffy nose (congestion)</li> <li>Runny nose</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html">Sore throat</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">Coughing</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> </ul> <p>The symptoms usually start a few days after you become infected with the virus. Some symptoms can last for 10-14 days.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for the common cold?</h3> <p>There is no cure for the common cold. But there are treatments that can make you feel better while you wait for the cold to go away on its own:</p> <ul> <li>Getting lots of rest.</li> <li>Drinking plenty of fluids.</li> <li>Using a clean humidifier or cool mist vaporizer.</li> <li>Gargling with warm salt water.</li> <li>Using saline nose drops or sprays.</li> <li>Taking over-the-counter <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html">cold and cough medicines</a>. But you need to be careful with certain medicines: <ul> <li>Children and teens should not take aspirin.</li> <li>Some cold and cough medicines contain ingredients that are not recommended for children. Talk with your child's health care provider before giving your child any cold and cough medicines.</li> <li>Some cold and cough medicines contain pain relievers. If you also take a separate pain reliever with these medicines, you could be getting a dangerous amount of the pain reliever. Read the labels on the medicines and follow the instructions carefully. If you have questions, ask your provider or a pharmacist.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">Antibiotics</a> will not help with a cold. Antibiotics help with bacterial infections, not with viral infections such as colds.</p> <p>Most people who have a cold will feel better after a week or two. However, some people who get a cold may develop other illnesses, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html">bronchitis</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a>. This is more common in people with weakened immune systems, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">asthma</a>, or other respiratory conditions. Contact your provider if you or your child have symptoms that concern you, such as:</p> <ul> <li>Trouble breathing or fast breathing</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">Dehydration</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a> that lasts longer than 4 days</li> <li>Symptoms that last more than 10 days without improvement</li> <li>Symptoms, such as fever or cough, that improve but then return or worsen</li> <li>Worsening of chronic medical conditions</li> </ul> <h3>Can the common cold be prevented?</h3> <p>There is no vaccine to protect against the common cold. But you may be able to reduce your risk of getting or spreading a cold by:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">Washing your hands</a> often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.</li> <li>Avoiding touching your face, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.</li> <li>Avoiding close contact, such as kissing, shaking hands, and sharing cups and eating utensils, with others if you are sick or they are sick.</li> <li>Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces that you frequently touch.</li> <li>Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue. Then throw away the tissue and wash your hands.</li> <li>Staying home when sick.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Ear, Nose and Throat Resfrío Common Cold Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Cold and Cough Medicines Flu Sinusitis Viral Infections Cold, Common Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology PDF Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here American Lung Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Related Issues National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation <p>It is hard when your baby is sick. Common health problems in babies include colds, coughs, fevers, and vomiting. Babies also commonly have skin problems, like diaper rash or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html">cradle cap</a>.</p> <p>Many of these problems are not serious. It is important to know how to help your sick baby, and to know the warning signs for more serious problems. Trust your intuition - if you are worried about your baby, call your health care provider right away.</p> Children and Teenagers Problemas comunes de los recién nacidos Infant, Newborn, Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Baby Health Checkup Dandruff, Cradle Cap, and Other Scalp Conditions Infant and Newborn Care Infant and Newborn Development Infant and Newborn Nutrition Medicines and Children Reflux in Infants Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems Colic Diaper Rash Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Images VisualDX Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Health Check Tools American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Health Check Tools American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Nemours Foundation Video Health Check Tools American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Dermatology Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Health Check Tools American Academy of Family Physicians Health Check Tools American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Video Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Video Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Nemours Foundation Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation CAM <p>Many Americans use medical treatments that are not part of mainstream medicine. When you are using these types of care, it may be called complementary, integrative, or alternative medicine.</p> <p>Complementary medicine is used together with mainstream medical care. An example is using <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html">acupuncture</a> to help with side effects of cancer treatment. When health care providers and facilities offer both types of care, it is called integrative medicine. Alternative medicine is used instead of mainstream medical care.</p> <p>The claims that non-mainstream practitioners make can sound promising. However, researchers do not know how safe many of these treatments are or how well they work. Studies are underway to determine the safety and usefulness of many of these practices.</p> <p>To minimize the health risks of a non-mainstream treatment:</p><ul> <li>Discuss it with your doctor. It might have side effects or interact with other medicines.</li> <li>Find out what the research says about it</li> <li>Choose practitioners carefully</li> <li>Tell all of your doctors and practitioners about all of the different types of treatments you use</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</p> Wellness and Lifestyle Complementary and Alternative Therapies Medicina complementaria e integral Complementary Therapies Spanish National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Acupuncture Cancer Alternative Therapies Chiropractic Herbal Medicine Alternative Medicine CAM Homeopathy Integrative Medicine Women National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Children National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert American Massage Therapy Association Find an Expert National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Journal Articles Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Reference Desk National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Women National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH CRPS Causalgia Reflex sympathetic dystrophy <p>Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">chronic pain</a> condition. It causes intense pain, usually in the arms, hands, legs, or feet. It may happen after an injury, either to a nerve or to tissue in the affected area. Rest and time may only make it worse.</p> <p>Symptoms in the affected area are:</p><ul> <li>Dramatic changes in skin temperature, color, or texture</li> <li>Intense burning pain</li> <li>Extreme skin sensitivity</li> <li>Swelling and stiffness in affected joints</li> <li>Decreased ability to move the affected body part</li> </ul> <p>The cause of CRPS is unknown. There is no specific diagnostic test. Your doctor will diagnose CRPS based on your signs and symptoms.</p> <p>There is no cure. It can get worse over time, and may spread to other parts of the body. Occasionally the symptoms go away, either temporarily or for good. Treatment focuses on relieving the pain, and can include medicines, physical therapy, and nerve blocks.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Síndrome de dolor regional complejo Complex Regional Pain Syndromes Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Causalgia Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Learn More American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Journal Articles Learn More Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome Association of America Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia <h3>¿Qué es la diabetes?</h3> <p>Si tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, su nivel de glucosa o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">azúcar en su sangre</a> está muy alto. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que consume. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa ingrese a las células para brindarles energía. En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo 1</a>, su cuerpo no produce insulina. En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>, su cuerpo no produce o no usa la insulina como debería. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa permanece en la sangre.</p> <h3>¿Qué problemas de salud puede causar la diabetes?</h3> <p>Con el tiempo, tener demasiada glucosa en la sangre puede causar complicaciones, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html">Enfermedad del ojo</a>: Esto por cambios en los niveles de líquido, hinchazón de los tejidos y daño a los vasos sanguíneos de los ojos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticfoot.html">Problemas en los pies</a> : Causados por daño a los nervios y un menor flujo sanguíneo a los pies</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html">Enfermedad de las encías</a> y otros problemas dentales: Una gran cantidad de glucosa en la sangre en la saliva ayuda a que crezcan bacterias dañinas en la boca. Las bacterias se mezclan con los alimentos para formar una capa suave y pegajosa llamada placa. La placa también proviene de comer alimentos que tienen azúcares o almidones. Algunos tipos de placa causan enfermedad de las encías y mal aliento. Otros tipos causan caries </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticheartdisease.html">Enfermedades cardíacas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a>: Causados por daños en los vasos sanguíneos y los nervios que controlan el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetickidneyproblems.html">Enfermedad renal</a>: Ocurre por daños en los vasos sanguíneos de los riñones. Muchas personas con diabetes desarrollan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a>. Eso también puede dañar sus riñones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html">Problemas de los nervios</a> (neuropatía diabética): Causados por daños en los nervios y los pequeños vasos sanguíneos que llevan oxígeno y nutrientes a los nervios </li> <li>Problemas sexuales y de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html">vejiga</a>: Ocurren por daño a los nervios y reducción del flujo sanguíneo en los genitales y la vejiga</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html">Afecciones de la piel</a>: Algunas son causadas por cambios en los vasos sanguíneos pequeños y una menor circulación. Las personas con diabetes también tienen más probabilidades de tener infecciones, incluyendo las que afectan a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html">piel</a> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas pueden tener las personas con diabetes?</h3> <p>Si tiene diabetes, debe vigilar los niveles de glucosa en la sangre que pueden estar muy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperglycemia.html">altos</a> (hiperglucemia) o muy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypoglycemia.html">bajos para usted</a> (hipoglucemia). Esto puede suceder rápidamente y ser muy peligroso. Algunas de las causas incluyen tener otra enfermedad o infección y ciertos medicamentos. También puede suceder si no recibe la cantidad correcta de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">medicamentos para la diabetes</a>. Para tratar de prevenir estos problemas, asegúrese de tomar sus medicinas para la diabetes correctamente, siga su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html">dieta para diabéticos</a> y controle su glucosa en la sangre en forma regular. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema endocrino Problemas del metabolismo Diabetes mellitus Diabetes Complications Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Diabetes Diabetes tipo 1 Diabetes tipo 2 Diabetes y el embarazo Pie diabético Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes Problemas de los riñones asociados con la diabetes Problemas neurológicos asociados con la diabetes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español SAG Fundación para la Salud en Envejecimiento PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Enciclopedia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Fácil de leer Entender la información médica <h3>¿Qué es la comprensión de la información de salud?</h3> <p><strong>La comprensión de la información sobre la salud</strong>, también conocida como alfabetización en salud, se refiere a la información que las personas necesitan para tomar buenas decisiones sobre su salud. Tiene dos partes:</p> <ul> <li><strong>La alfabetización de salud personal</strong> se trata de qué tan bien una persona puede encontrar y entender la información y servicios de salud que necesita. También se refiere a cómo usa esa información y servicios para tomar buenas decisiones</li> <li><strong>La alfabetización de salud organizacional</strong> se trata de qué tan bien las organizaciones ayudan a las personas a encontrar la información y servicio de salud que necesitan. También incluye ayudarles a usar esa información para tomar buenas decisiones de salud</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué factores pueden afectar la comprensión de la información sobre la salud?</h3> <p>Muchos factores diferentes pueden afectar la comprensión de la información de salud de una persona, incluyendo el:</p> <ul> <li>Conocimiento de palabras médicas</li> <li>Comprensión de cómo funciona el sistema de salud</li> <li>Capacidad para comunicarse con los profesionales de la salud</li> <li>Capacidad para encontrar información de salud, lo que puede requerir conocimientos informáticos</li> <li>Lectura, escritura y habilidades numéricas</li> <li>Factores personales como edad, ingresos, educación, habilidades lingüísticas y cultura</li> <li>Limitaciones físicas o mentales</li> </ul> <p>Muchas de las mismas personas que están en riesgo de tener una limitada alfabetización de salud también tienen disparidades de salud. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthdisparities.html">disparidades de la salud</a> son diferencias entre distintos grupos de personas. Estos grupos pueden basarse en edad, raza, sexo u otros factores.</p> <h3>¿Por qué es importante la comprensión de la información de salud?</h3> <p>La comprensión de la información sobre la salud es importante porque puede afectar su capacidad para:</p> <ul> <li>Tomar buenas decisiones de salud</li> <li>Obtener la atención médica que necesita. Esto incluye atención preventiva, la que se enfoca en prevenir enfermedades y ayudarle a mantenerse saludable</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html">Tomar sus medicamentos en forma correcta</a></li> <li>Manejar una enfermedad, especialmente una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithchronicillness.html">afección crónica</a> (de larga duración)</li> <li>Tener un estilo de vida saludable</li> </ul> <p>Una cosa que puede hacer es asegurarse de tener una buena <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html">comunicación con su profesional de la salud</a>. Si no entiende algo que debe comprender, pida que se lo expliquen hasta entenderlo bien. También puede pedirle al proveedor de salud que escriba sus instrucciones.</p> Bienestar y estilo de vida Asuntos personales de salud Health Literacy Oficina del Director de NIH Comprendiendo la investigación médica Derechos del paciente Evaluación de información sobre la salud Hablando con su doctor Información de salud, Comprensión Comience aquí Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Comisión Federal de Comercio Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración para la Niñez y las Familias PDF <p>Casi todos los días se publican nuevos hallazgos de investigaciones médicas en revistas científicas. Estos artículos suelen convertirse en fuentes de noticias. Estos descubrimientos pueden ser herramientas importantes para ayudarle a manejar su salud. Pero no siempre es fácil comprenderlos y saber qué significan para su vida. Por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Lo que se conoce acerca de un estudio puede no explicar cómo encaja en el panorama general</li> <li>En ocasiones, los resultados de un estudio parecen estar en desacuerdo con los resultados de otra investigación. Esto podría deberse a que los estudios podrían tener diseños diferentes y plantear preguntas diferentes. Las noticias no siempre lo explican</li> <li>A veces, los estudios son muy pequeños y los investigadores necesitan realizar más ensayos para confirmar los resultados. Pero las noticias sobre estos pequeños estudios pueden no mencionarlo</li> </ul> <p>Por ello, es importante pensar detenidamente al leer o escuchar informes de nuevos hallazgos médicos. Estas son algunas preguntas que pueden ayudarle a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/evaluatinghealthinformation.html">evaluar esa información</a>:</p> <ul> <li>¿El estudio se realizó en animales o en seres humanos? Obtener ciertos resultados en animales puede no significar que obtenga los mismos resultados en seres humanos</li> <li>¿Las personas que participaron en el estudio eran similares a usted en aspectos que pueden ser importantes, como la edad, la raza o el sexo?</li> <li>¿Qué tan grande es el estudio? Los estudios más grandes pueden obtener resultados más confiables que los más pequeños</li> <li>¿Cuánto tiempo duró el estudio? Por ejemplo, los estudios que prueban medicamentos deben ser lo suficientemente largos como para mostrar beneficios o riesgos a largo plazo</li> <li>¿Qué tipo de estudio fue? Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clinicaltrials.html">ensayos clínicos</a>, especialmente los ensayos controlados aleatorizados, brindan la información más clara sobre si un tratamiento es efectivo y seguro en humanos. En los ensayos controlados aleatorizados, las personas que participan en la investigación se dividen al azar en grupos separados que reciben diferentes tratamientos. Esto ayuda a prevenir el sesgo en los resultados</li> <li>¿Dónde se realizó la investigación?</li> <li>Si se estaba probando un nuevo tratamiento, ¿cuáles fueron los efectos secundarios? ¿Qué tan comunes fueron?</li> <li>¿Cómo se comparan los resultados del estudio con estudios anteriores? Si el nuevo estudio tiene resultados diferentes, se pueden necesitar más estudios para confirmar estos resultados</li> <li>¿Quién pagó por la investigación? A veces, las personas que pagan por la investigación podrían obtener ganancias económicas si el estudio obtiene ciertos resultados</li> <li>¿Quién informa los resultados? ¿Tienen algún sesgo?</li> </ul> <p>Puede ser útil mantenerse informado sobre los nuevos hallazgos médicos, pero se recomienda tener cierto escepticismo. Tenga estas preguntas en mente la próxima vez que escuche sobre un gran avance médico.</p> Asuntos sociales y familiares Asuntos personales de salud Understanding Medical Research Evaluación de información sobre la salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Institutos Nacionales de la Salud PDF NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Gambling addiction <p>Many people enjoy gambling, whether it's betting on a horse or playing poker on the Internet. Most people who gamble don't have a problem, but some lose control of their gambling. Signs of problem gambling include :</p><ul> <li> Always thinking about gambling</li> <li> Lying about gambling</li> <li> Spending work or family time gambling </li> <li> Feeling bad after you gamble, but not quitting </li> <li> Gambling with money you need for other things</li> </ul> <p>If you have concerns about your gambling, ask for help. Your health care provider can work with you to find the treatment that's best for you.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institutes of Health</p> Mental Health and Behavior Adicción a los juegos de azar Gambling Spanish Gambling Pathological Gambling Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Learn More National Institute of Mental Health NIH Learn More National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Brain concussion <p>A concussion is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">brain injury</a>. It involves a short loss of normal brain function. It happens when a hit to the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html">head</a> or body causes your head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. This sudden movement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist in the skull, creating chemical changes in your brain. Sometimes it can also stretch and damage your brain cells.</p> <p>Sometimes people call a concussion a "mild" brain injury. It is important to understand that while concussions may not be life-threatening, they can still be serious.</p> <p>Concussions are a common type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">sports injury</a>. Other causes of concussions include blows to the head, bumping your head when you fall, being violently shaken, and car accidents.</p> <p>Symptoms of a concussion may not start right away; they may start days or weeks after the injury. Symptoms may include a headache or neck pain. You may also have nausea, ringing in your ears, dizziness, or tiredness. You may feel dazed or not your normal self for several days or weeks after the injury. Consult your health care professional if any of your symptoms get worse, or if you have more serious symptoms such as:</p><ul> <li>Convulsions or seizures</li> <li>Drowsiness or inability to wake up</li> <li>A headache that gets worse and does not go away</li> <li>Weakness, numbness, or decreased coordination</li> <li>Repeated vomiting or nausea</li> <li>Confusion</li> <li>Slurred speech</li> <li>Loss of consciousness</li> </ul> <p>To diagnose a concussion, your health care provider will do a physical exam and will ask about your injury. You will most likely have a neurological exam, which checks your vision, balance, coordination, and reflexes. Your health care provider may also evaluate your memory and thinking. In some cases, you may also have a scan of the brain, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a> or an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a>. A scan can check for bleeding or inflammation in the brain, as well as a skull <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fracture</a> (break in the skull).</p> <p>Most people recover fully after a concussion, but it can take some time. Rest is very important after a concussion because it helps the brain to heal. In the very beginning, you may need to limit physical activities or activities that involve a lot of concentration, such as studying, working on the computer, or playing video games. Doing these may cause concussion symptoms (such as headache or tiredness) to come back or get worse. Then when your health care provider says that it is ok, you can start to return to your normal activities slowly.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Brain and Nerves Injuries and Wounds Conmoción cerebral Brain Concussion Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Head Injuries Traumatic Brain Injury Brain Concussion Brain Injury NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Neurology Statistics and Research National Institute of Nursing Research NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Sports Medicine PDF Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers Nemours Foundation Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Videos and Tutorials Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Video Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Teenagers Nemours Foundation Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>La congelación es una herida en el cuerpo causada por el frío extremo. En general, afecta a la nariz, orejas, mejillas, mentón, dedos de la mano o del pie. La congelación puede causar daño permanente al cuerpo y, en los casos más graves, puede llegar a necesitarse una amputación. </p> <p>Si sufre de congelación, la piel en esa área se puede volver blanca o gris amarillenta. Puede que se sienta demasiado firme o de apariencia de cera. El área también se sentirá entumecida.</p> <p>Si usted tiene síntomas de congelamiento, busque atención médica. Pero si no existe atención médica, estos son los pasos a seguir:</p> <ul> <li>Diríjase a una habitación templada lo más pronto posible</li> <li>No camine con los pies congelados a menos que sea absolutamente necesario. El caminar aumenta el daño</li> <li>Coloque el área afectada en agua tibia, no caliente</li> <li>También puede calentar la piel usando el calor del cuerpo. Por ejemplo, use su axila para calentar dedos congelados</li> <li>No frote el área congelada con nieve o la masajee. Esto puede causar más daño </li> <li>No use una almohadilla eléctrica, una lámpara de calor o el calor de una estufa, hogar o radiador para calentar el área. Debido a que el congelamiento insensibiliza la piel, puede quemarla sin darse cuenta </li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Lesiones y heridas Síntomas Frostbite Emergencias causadas por el invierno Hipotermia Congelamiento Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <h3>What are congenital heart defects?</h3> <p>Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are problems with the structure of the heart. "Congenital" means that that the problems are present at birth. These defects happen when a baby's heart doesn't develop normally during pregnancy. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">birth defect</a>.</p> <p>Congenital heart defects can change the way the heart pumps blood. They may make blood flow too slowly, go the wrong way, or block it completely.</p> <p>There are many types of congenital heart defects. They can happen in one or more parts of the heart. The most common types are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Septal defects</strong> ("hole in the heart") - openings in the wall between the left and right sides of the heart</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html">Heart valve</a> defects</strong> - problems with the valves that control the flow of blood through the heart</li> <li><strong>Defects in the large blood vessels</strong> that carry blood in and out of the heart</li> </ul> <p>Congenital heart defects can range from very mild problems that never need treatment to life-threatening problems at birth. The most serious congenital heart defects are called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/critical-congenital-heart-disease/">critical congenital heart disease</a>. Babies with these defects usually need surgery in the first year of life. But the symptoms of milder heart defects may not show up until childhood or adulthood.</p> <h3>What causes congenital heart defects?</h3> <p>Researchers often don't know what causes congenital heart defects. They do know that changes in a baby's genes sometimes cause a heart defect. The changed genes may come from the parents, or the changes may happen during pregnancy.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to have a baby with a congenital heart defect?</h3> <p>Several things may increase the chance that your baby has a congenital heart defect, such as:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Your health before and during pregnancy</strong>, including: <ul> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> before pregnancy or developing it in the first 3 months of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html">pregnancy</a> (diabetes that develops later in pregnancy isn't a major risk for heart defects). Carefully controlling your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a> before and during pregnancy can lower your baby's risk of congenital heart defects.</li> <li>Having <a href="phenylketonuria.html" tid="1231">phenylketonuria (PKU)</a>, a rare inherited disorder that affects how the body uses a protein in foods. If you have PKU, eating a low-protein diet before getting pregnant can lower your baby's risk of having a congenital heart defect.</li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rubella.html">rubella</a> (German measles) during pregnancy.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Your contact with certain substances during pregnancy</strong>, including: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">secondhand smoke</a> (breathing smoke from another smoker).</li> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html">medicines</a>, such as angiotensin-converting (ACE) inhibitors for high blood pressure and retinoic acids for acne. If you're pregnant or plan to get pregnant, talk with your health care provider about all the medicines you take.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Your family history and genetics.</strong> In most cases, congenital heart defects don't run in families. But your chance of having a baby with a congenital heart defect does go up if you or the other parent has a congenital heart defect, or if you already have a child with a congenital heart defect.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of congenital heart defects?</h3> <p>Congenital heart defects don't cause pain. The signs and symptoms are different, depending on the type and number of defects and how serious they are.</p> <p>Common signs and symptoms of congenital heart defects include:</p> <ul> <li>Cyanosis - a bluish color to the skin, lips, and fingernails. It happens when there isn't enough oxygen in the blood.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a> - your baby may be unusually sleepy and may become very tired during feedings.</li> <li>Poor blood flow.</li> <li>Fast or difficult breathing.</li> <li>Heart murmur - an unusual sound between heartbeats.</li> </ul> <h3>What other problems do congenital heart defects cause?</h3> <p>Congenital heart defects don't always cause other problems. If they do, which problems you have would depend on the type and number of defects and how serious the defects are.</p> <p>Children with congenital heart defects are more likely to:</p> <ul> <li>Be smaller than other children</li> <li>Have problems or delays in mental, and emotional growth, and behavior, such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html">Speech and language problems</a></li> <li><a href="attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html" tid="152">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>People with congenital heart defects may develop other health conditions, including:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html">Endocarditis</a> - an infection of lining of the heart and valves</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">Arrhythmia</a> - a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure</a> - when your heart can't pump enough blood to the body</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryhypertension.html">Pulmonary hypertension</a> - high blood pressure in your lungs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">Kidney</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver disease</a></li> </ul> <h3>How are congenital heart defects diagnosed?</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Before a baby is born</strong>, your provider may use <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a> pictures of the baby's heart to look for heart defects. This is called a fetal echocardiogram. It's done between weeks 18 and 22 of pregnancy.</li> <li><strong>During the first few days after birth</strong>, all newborns are checked for congenital heart defects. A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pulse-oximetry/">pulse oximeter</a> is clipped to your baby's hands or feet to measure blood oxygen. If it shows low levels of blood oxygen, more tests will be needed to find out if your baby has a heart defect.</li> <li><strong>To diagnose congenital heart defects in babies, children, and adults</strong>, a provider may use many tools, including: <ul> <li>A physical exam.</li> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">heart tests</a> to see how the heart is working.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">Genetic testing</a> to see if certain gene problems caused the defect.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for congenital heart defects?</h3> <p>Treatment depends on the type of congenital heart defect and how serious it is. Possible treatments include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cardiac catheterization</strong> to repair simple defects, such as a small hole in the inside wall of the heart. A catheterization uses a thin tube guided through a vein and into the heart.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html">Heart surgery</a></strong> may be needed to: <ul> <li>Repair defects in the heart and blood vessels.</li> <li>Repair or replace a heart valve.</li> <li>Place a device in the chest to help the heart pump blood.</li> <li>Do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html">heart transplant</a>.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Medicine is often used if your baby has a specific type of congenital heart defect called patent ductus arteriosus.</li> </ul> <p>All children and adults who have congenital heart defects need regular follow-up care from a cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in heart diseases) throughout their life, even if their defect was repaired.</p> <p>Some people may need several heart surgeries or catheterizations over the years. They may also need to take medicines to help their hearts work as well as possible.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Genetics/Birth Defects Defectos cardíacos congénitos Heart Defects, Congenital Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Birth Defects Cardiomyopathy Heart Diseases Heart Health Tests Heart Defects Heart Diseases, Congenital Heart Murmur Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Heart Association Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association PDF Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Heart Association Living With American Academy of Pediatrics Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Related Issues American Heart Association Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Adult Congenital Heart Association Specifics Texas Heart Institute Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Texas Heart Institute Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Texas Heart Institute Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Heart Association Genetics American Heart Association Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research American Heart Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Video Related Issues Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Heart Association Specifics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Texas Heart Institute Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Society of Thoracic Surgeons Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Children Nemours Foundation Video Children Nemours Foundation Video Children Nemours Foundation Women American Heart Association Inflamación de la conjuntiva <p>La conjuntivitis causa hinchazón, picazón, ardor, lagrimeo y enrojecimiento de la conjuntiva, la membrana delgada y translúcida que recubre la parte blanca del ojo y el interior de los párpados. Las causas pueden ser:</p><ul> <li>Infección bacteriana o viral</li> <li>Alergias</li> <li>Sustancias que causan irritación</li> <li>Productos que se usan para los lentes de contacto, gotas para los ojos o ungüentos.</li> </ul> <p>La conjuntivitis, en general, no afecta la vista. La conjunctivitis infecciosa se contagia fácilmente de persona a persona. La infección desaparece por sí sola sin tratamiento, pero la conjuntivitis bacteriana necesita tratamiento con gotas o ungüentos antibióticos.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo</p> Ojos y visión Infecciones Pink Eye Instituto Nacional del Ojo Alergia, Conjuntivitis Bebé, Conjuntivitis Ojo rojo Primaveral, Conjuntivitis Tracoma Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Niños/as Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica <p>Una conmoción cerebral es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">lesión cerebral</a>. Implica una breve pérdida de la función cerebral normal. Ocurre cuando un golpe en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html">cabeza</a> o cuerpo provoca que su cabeza se mueva violentamente para adelante y para atrás. Este repentino movimiento puede causar que el cerebro se golpee contra el cráneo. En ocasiones, también puede dañar a las células cerebrales.</p> <p>A veces, las personas llaman a las conmociones cerebrales una lesión cerebral "menor". Es importante entender que, aunque las conmociones cerebrales no pondrían en riesgo la vida, pueden ser serias.</p> <p>Las conmociones cerebrales son un tipo común de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">lesión deportiva</a>. Otras causas incluyen golpes en la cabeza, pegarse en la cabeza tras una caída, ser remecido violentamente o los accidentes de tránsito. Los síntomas pueden no presentarse de inmediato. Pueden comenzar días o semanas después de la lesión. Los síntomas pueden incluir dolor de cabeza o dolor de cuello. Usted también puede tener náuseas, zumbidos en los oídos, mareos o cansancio. Puede sentirse aturdido o no sentirse bien por varios días o semanas después de la lesión. Consulte a su proveedor de salud si algunos de sus síntomas empeoran o si tiene síntomas más graves, como:</p> <ul> <li>Convulsiones</li> <li>Somnolencia o dificultad para caminar o dormir</li> <li>Dolor de cabeza que empeora y no se mejora</li> <li>Debilidad, entumecimiento o disminución de la coordinación</li> <li>Vómitos o náuseas frecuentes</li> <li>Confusión </li> <li>Dificultad para hablar</li> <li>Pérdida del conocimiento </li> </ul> <p>Para diagnosticar una conmoción cerebral, su proveedor de salud lo examinará y le preguntará sobre su lesión. Es probable que se someta a un examen neurológico que revisará su visión, equilibrio, coordinación y reflejos. Su proveedor también evaluará su memoria y pensamiento. En algunos casos, usted puede someterse a un escáner cerebral, como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">imagen por resonancia magnética</a>. Este examen puede buscar indicios de sangrado o inflamación del cerebro, así como fracturas del cráneo (cráneo roto). </p> <p>La mayoría de las personas se recuperan completamente luego de una conmoción cerebral, pero puede tomar algún tiempo. El descanso es muy importante, ya que ayuda al cerebro a sanar. Al comienzo puede ser necesario limitar la actividad física o tareas que requieran concentrarse, como estudiar, trabajar en la computadora o jugar videojuegos. Estas actividades pueden provocar que los síntomas de la conmoción cerebral (como los dolores de cabeza o el agotamiento) vuelvan o empeoren. Una vez que su proveedor de salud le diga que está bien, usted puede retomar sus actividades normales lentamente. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Cerebro y nervios Lesiones y heridas Concussion Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Lesiones en la cabeza Lesión cerebral traumática Concusión Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adultos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>Your connective tissue supports many different parts of your body, such as your skin, eyes, and heart. It is like a "cellular glue" that gives your body parts their shape and helps keep them strong. It also helps some of your tissues do their work. It is made of many kinds of proteins. Cartilage and fat are types of connective tissue.</p> <p>Over 200 disorders that impact connective tissue. There are different types:</p> <ul> <li>Genetic disorders, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/marfansyndrome.html">Marfan syndrome</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteogenesisimperfecta.html">osteogenesis imperfecta</a></li> <li>Autoimmune disorders, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html">lupus</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scleroderma.html">scleroderma</a></li> <li>Cancers, like some types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/softtissuesarcoma.html">soft tissue sarcoma</a></li> </ul> <p>Each disorder has its own symptoms and needs different treatment.</p> <p class=""> NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Enfermedades del tejido conectivo Connective Tissue Diseases Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Cartilage Disorders Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Lupus Marfan Syndrome Osteogenesis Imperfecta Scleroderma Soft Tissue Sarcoma Mixed Connective Tissue Disease PXE Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Marfan Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Jewish Health Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Constipation means that a person has three or fewer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html">bowel movements</a> in a week. The stool can be hard and dry. Sometimes it is painful to pass. At one time or another, almost everyone gets constipated. In most cases, it lasts a short time and is not serious. </p> <p>There are many things you can do to prevent constipation. They include <ul> <li> Eating more fruits, vegetables and grains, which are high in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html">fiber</a></li> <li> Drinking plenty of water and other liquids</li> <li> Getting enough exercise</li> <li> Taking time to have a bowel movement when you need to</li> <li> Using laxatives only if your doctor says you should</li> <li> Asking your doctor if medicines you take may cause constipation</li> </ul> </p> <p>It's not important that you have a bowel movement every day. If your bowel habits change, however, check with your doctor. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Symptoms Estreñimiento Constipation Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Dietary Fiber Find an Expert American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Gastroenterology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Health Check Tools American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Children American Academy of Pediatrics Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Related Issues American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Symptoms National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Abuso de drogas <h3>¿Qué son las drogas?</h3> <p>Las drogas son sustancias químicas que pueden cambiar el funcionamiento de su cuerpo y mente. Incluyen medicamentos recetados, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html">medicamentos de venta libre</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">tabaco </a>y drogas ilegales.</p> <h3>¿Qué es el consumo de drogas?</h3> <p>El consumo o uso indebido de drogas incluye:</p> <ul> <li>Uso de sustancias ilegales, como:</li> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html">Esteroides anabólicos</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clubdrugs.html">Drogas de club</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cocaine.html">Cocaína</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html">Heroína</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalants.html">Inhalantes</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marijuana.html">Marihuana</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html">Metanfetaminas</a></li> </ul> <li> Uso indebido de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html">medicinas recetadas</a>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioides</a>. Esto significa tomar medicamentos de una manera diferente a la prescrita por el profesional de la salud. Incluye:</li> <ul> <li>Tomar un medicamento recetado para otra persona</li> <li> Tomar una dosis mayor que la recomendada</li> <li>Usar el medicamento de una forma diferente de la que debe hacerlo. Por ejemplo, en lugar de tragar sus tabletas, puede aplastarlas y luego inhalarlas o inyectarlas</li> <li>Usar el medicamento para otro propósito, como drogarse</li> <li>Uso indebido de medicamentos de venta libre, incluyendo usarlos para otro propósito y usarlos de una forma diferente a la que se supone</li> </ul> </ul> <p>El consumo de drogas es peligroso. Puede dañar su cerebro y cuerpo, a veces en forma permanente. Puede herir a las personas que le rodean, incluyendo amigos, familia, niños y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">bebés no nacidos</a>. El consumo de drogas también puede conducir a la adicción.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la drogadicción?</h3> <p>La adicción a las drogas es una enfermedad cerebral crónica. Hace que una persona tome drogas repetidamente, a pesar del daño que provoca. El uso repetido de drogas puede cambiar el cerebro y provocar adicción.</p> <p>Los cambios cerebrales de la adicción pueden ser duraderos, por lo que la adicción a las drogas se considera una enfermedad "recurrente". Esto significa que las personas en recuperación corren el riesgo de volver a consumir drogas, incluso después de años de no tomarlas.</p> <h3>¿Todos quienes consumen drogas se vuelven adictos?</h3> <p>No todos quienes usan drogas se vuelven adictos. El cuerpo y cerebro de cada persona es diferente, por lo que su reacción a las drogas también puede ser diferente. Algunas personas pueden volverse adictas rápidamente, o puede ocurrir con el tiempo. Otras personas nunca se vuelven adictas. Que alguien se vuelva adicto o no depende de muchas cosas, incluyendo factores genéticos, ambientales y del desarrollo.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de la adicción a las drogas?</h3> <p>Varios factores de riesgo pueden hacer que sea más propenso a volverse adicto a las drogas, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Su biología</strong>: Las personas pueden reaccionar a las drogas de manera diferente. A algunas personas les gusta la sensación la primera vez que prueban una droga y quieren más. Otros odian cómo se sienten y nunca lo vuelven a intentar</li> <li><strong>Problemas de salud mental</strong>: Las personas que tienen problemas de salud mental no tratados, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html">trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad</a> (TDAH) tienen más probabilidades de volverse adictas. Esto puede suceder porque el consumo de drogas y los problemas de salud mental afectan las mismas partes del cerebro. Además, las personas con estos problemas pueden usar drogas para tratar de sentirse mejor</li> <li><strong>Problemas en el hogar</strong>: Si su hogar es un lugar poco feliz o lo era cuando era niño, es más probable que tenga un problema de drogas</li> <li><strong>Problemas en la escuela, trabajo o al hacer amigos</strong>: Puede usar drogas para distraerse de estos problemas</li> <li><strong>Andar con otras personas que usan drogas</strong>: Ellos podrían alentarlo a probar drogas</li> <li><strong>Comenzar a consumir drogas cuando es joven</strong>: Cuando los niños usan drogas, afecta cómo sus cuerpos y cerebros terminan de crecer. Esto aumenta sus posibilidades de volverse adicto cuando es adulto</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son las señales de que alguien tiene un problema de drogas?</h3> <p>Las señales de que alguien tiene un problema de drogas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cambiar mucho de amigos</li> <li>Pasar mucho tiempo solo</li> <li>Perder interés en sus cosas favoritas</li> <li>No cuidarse a sí mismos, por ejemplo, no tomar duchas, no cambiarse de ropa ni lavarse los dientes</li> <li>Sentirse muy cansado y triste</li> <li>Comer más o menos de lo habitual</li> <li>Tener mucha energía, hablar rápido o decir cosas que no tienen sentido</li> <li> Estar de mal humor</li> <li>Pasar rápidamente entre sentirse mal y sentirse bien</li> <li>Dormir a horas extrañas</li> <li>Ausentarse de citas o compromisos importantes</li> <li>Tener problemas en el trabajo o la escuela</li> <li>Tener problemas en las relaciones personales o familiares</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la drogadicción?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para la adicción a las drogas incluyen consejería, medicamentos o ambos. La investigación muestra que combinar medicamentos con consejería brinda a la mayoría de las personas la mejor oportunidad de éxito.</p> <p>La consejería puede ser terapia individual, familiar y / o grupal. Puede ayudar a:</p> <ul> <li> Comprender por qué se volvió adicto</li> <li> Observar cómo las drogas cambiaron su comportamiento</li> <li>Aprender a lidiar con sus problemas para no volver a usar drogas</li> <li>Aprender a evitar lugares, personas y situaciones en las que podría sentirse tentado a usar drogas</li> </ul> <p>Los medicamentos pueden ayudar con los síntomas de abstinencia. Para la adicción a ciertas drogas existen medicamentos que pueden ayudar a restablecer la función cerebral normal y disminuir la ansiedad por consumir drogas.</p> <p>Si tiene un trastorno mental además de una adicción, se conoce como diagnóstico dual. Es importante tratar ambos problemas para aumentar las posibilidades de éxito del tratamiento.</p> <p>Si tiene una adicción severa, es posible que necesite tratamiento hospitalario o residencial. Los programas de tratamiento residencial combinan servicios de vivienda y tratamiento.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el consumo de drogas y la adicción?</h3> <p>Es posible prevenir el consumo de drogas y la adicción. Los programas de prevención que involucran a familias, escuelas, comunidades y los medios de comunicación pueden prevenir o reducir el consumo de drogas y la adicción. Estos programas incluyen educación y divulgación para ayudar a las personas a comprender los riesgos del consumo de drogas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Drug Use and Addiction Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Cocaína Drogas de club Drogas y menores de edad Esteroides anabólicos Heroína Inhalantes Marihuana Metanfetamina Trastorno por consumo de alcohol Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados Alucinógenos Drogas, Abuso de Metadona Narcóticos Opioides Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Control de Drogas Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Imágenes Administración de Control de Drogas Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud Spanish/Español NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias PDF Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Calidad del aire interior en su hogar Polución en casa <p>Solemos pensar que la contaminación del aire ocurre en exteriores, pero el aire dentro de su casa u oficina también puede estar contaminado. Las fuentes de contaminación de interiores incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html">Moho</a> y el polen </li> <li> Humo del tabaco </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html">Productos del hogar</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html">pesticidas</a> </li> <li> Gases como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html">radón</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html">monóxido de carbono</a></li> <li>Materiales usados en la construcción, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html">asbesto</a>, formaldehído y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html">plomo</a> </li> </ul> <p>A veces un grupo de personas tiene los mismos síntomas que parecen estar relacionados con haber estado un tiempo en un mismo edificio. Puede haber una causa específica, como en la enfermedad del legionario. A veces la causa no se puede encontrar. A esto se conoce como síndrome del edificio enfermo. </p> <p>En general, los problemas con la calidad del aire en interiores solamente causan molestias y la mayoría de las personas se siente mejor al eliminar la fuente de contaminación. Sin embargo, algunos contaminantes pueden causar cuadros que se presentan mucho más tarde, como enfermedades respiratorias o cáncer. </p> <p>Asegurarse de que su edificio está bien ventilado y eliminar los contaminantes puede mejorar la calidad del aire en interiores. </p> <p class="">Agencia de Protección Ambiental </p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Indoor Air Pollution Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Asbesto Asma Contaminación del aire Envenenamiento con monóxido de carbono Envenenamiento con plomo Inhalación pasiva de humo Moho Pesticidas Radón Casa, Contaminación Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH <p>Todos necesitamos agua potable. La gente la necesita para sembrar sus cosechas y operar las fábricas, así como para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html">beberla</a> y a manera de recreo. Los peces y la vida salvaje dependen de ella para sobrevivir. </p> <p>Muchos contaminantes pueden dañar nuestros ríos, riachuelos, lagos y océanos. Los tres más comunes son el suelo, los nutrientes y las bacterias. La lluvia lava el suelo y la lleva a ríos y corrientes de agua. La suciedad del suelo puede matar animales diminutos y huevos de peces. Puede obstruir las branquias de los peces y bloquear la luz, matando las plantas. Los nutrientes, generalmente de los fertilizantes, causan problemas en los lagos, lagunas y presas acuíferas. El nitrógeno y el fósforo hacen crecer algas y pueden volver verde el agua. Las bacterias, frecuentemente de las aguas estancadas residuales, pueden contaminar el agua dulce o salada. </p> <p>Para ayudar a proteger su suministro de agua:</p> <ul> <li>No vierta productos para el hogar, como productos de limpieza, de belleza, medicamentos, fluidos automotrices, pintura y productos para el cuidado del césped por el desagüe. Llévelos a un punto de recogida de residuos peligrosos</li> <li>Deseche la grasa de exceso de hogar (grasas de la carne, la manteca de cerdo, aceite de cocina, manteca, mantequilla, margarina, entre otras) pañales, condones, y los productos de higiene personal en el tacho de la basura</li> <li>Limpie los desechos de sus mascotas, ya que contienen nutrientes y gérmenes</li> </ul> <p class="">Agencia de Protección Ambiental </p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Water Pollution Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos Más información Spanish/Español Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos Más información Spanish/Español Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos Más información Spanish/Español Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos Polución del aire <p>La contaminación del aire es una mezcla de partículas sólidas y gases en el aire. Las emisiones de los automóviles, los compuestos químicos de las fábricas, el polvo, el polen y las esporas de moho pueden estar suspendidas como partículas. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ozone.html">ozono</a>, un gas, es un componente fundamental de la contaminación del aire en las ciudades. Cuando el ozono forma la contaminación del aire también se denomina <em>smog</em>.</p> <p>Algunos contaminantes del aire son tóxicos. Su inhalación puede aumentar las posibilidades de tener problemas de salud. Las personas con enfermedades del corazón o de pulmón, los adultos de más edad y los niños tienen mayor riesgo de tener problemas por la contaminación del aire. La polución del aire no ocurre solamente en el exterior: el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indoorairpollution.html">aire en el interior</a> de los edificios también puede estar contaminado y afectar su salud.</p> <p class="">Agencia de Protección Ambiental</p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Air Pollution Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Contaminación de interiores Ozono Salud ambiental Spanish/Español Especialistas Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Síntomas Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental Anticoncepción Métodos anticonceptivos Prevenir un embarazo Profilácticos <h3>¿Qué es el control de la natalidad?</h3> <p>El control de la natalidad, también conocido como anticoncepción, es el uso de medicamentos, dispositivos o cirugía para prevenir el embarazo. Hay muchos tipos diferentes. Algunos son reversibles, mientras que otros son permanentes. Algunos tipos también pueden ayudar a prevenir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">infecciones de transmisión sexual</a> (ITS).</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de anticonceptivos?</h3> <p>Hay varios tipos diferentes de control de la natalidad y funcionan de diferentes maneras:</p> <table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="90%"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2">Métodos de barrera</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Condón masculino</td> <td>Funda delgada que cubre el pene para recolectar el esperma y evitar que entre en el cuerpo de la mujer. Los condones hechos de látex y poliuretano pueden ayudar a prevenir las ITS.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Condón femenino</td> <td>Funda de plástico delgada y flexible. Parte del condón se inserta en la vagina antes del coito para evitar que los espermatozoides entren en el útero. El útero es el lugar donde crece el bebé durante el embarazo. Los condones femeninos también pueden ayudar a prevenir las ITS.</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Esponja anticonceptiva</td> <td>Pequeña esponja que se coloca en la vagina para cubrir el cuello uterino (la abertura del útero). La esponja también contiene un espermicida para matar los espermatozoides.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Espermicida</td> <td>Sustancia que puede matar los espermatozoides. Puede ser una espuma, jalea, crema, supositorio o loción. Se coloca en la vagina cerca del útero. El espermicida se puede usar solo, con un diafragma o un capuchón cervical.</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Diafragma y capuchón cervical</td> <td>Copas que se colocan dentro de la vagina para cubrir el cuello uterino. Se pueden usar con espermicida. Vienen en diferentes tamaños, por lo que es importante consultar a su profesional de la salud para determinar qué tamaño funciona mejor para usted.</td> </tr> </tbody> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2">Métodos hormonales</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Anticonceptivos orales ("la píldora")</td> <td>Pastillas que una mujer toma todos los días. Pueden contener solo progestina o progestina y estrógeno.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Parche anticonceptivo</td> <td>Parche que una mujer se pone en la piel cada semana. El parche libera hormonas en el torrente sanguíneo.</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Anillo vaginal</td> <td>Anillo delgado y flexible. La mujer inserta el anillo en la vagina, donde libera hormonas continuamente durante tres semanas. Se retira en la cuarta semana. Luego, se pone un anillo nuevo.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Anticonceptivo inyectable</td> <td>Inyección de una hormona que una mujer recibe una vez cada tres meses. Esto se hace en el consultorio de su profesional de la salud.</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Implante</td> <td>Varilla delgada que un profesional de la salud inserta debajo de la piel de la parte superior del brazo de una mujer. Se realiza en el consultorio de su proveedor. El implante puede durar cuatro años.</td> </tr> </tbody> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2">Anticonceptivos reversibles de larga duración</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Dispositivo intrauterino (DIU)</td> <td>Pequeño dispositivo en forma de T que un profesional de la salud inserta en el útero. Esto se hace en la oficina del proveedor. Los DIU pueden durar de 3 a 10 años. Hay dos tipos: DIU hormonales y DIU de cobre.</td> </tr> </tbody> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2">Esterilización</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuballigation.html">Ligadura de trompas</a></td> <td>Cirugía que evita que una mujer quede embarazada. Es permanente</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasectomy.html">Vasectomía</a></td> <td>Cirugía que evita que un hombre deje embarazada a una persona. Es permanente</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <h3>¿Cuáles son algunas otras formas de prevención del embarazo?</h3> <p>Existen algunos tipos de prevención del embarazo que no involucran medicamentos, dispositivos ni cirugía:</p> <table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="90%"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2">Otras formas de prevención del embarazo</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Métodos basados en el conocimiento de la fertilidad</td> <td>También conocidos como métodos de ritmo natural. Implican hacer un seguimiento del ciclo de fertilidad de la mujer y evitar las relaciones sexuales o utilizar métodos de barrera en los días en que es más probable que quede embarazada. Este método puede tener tasas de embarazo más altas que otros tipos.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Método de amenorrea de la lactancia</td> <td>Una forma de contracepción natural para las madres que amamantan. Se basa en que la nueva madre alimente a su bebé solo con leche materna hasta por seis meses y no tenga períodos ni manchas durante ese tiempo.</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Retiro</td> <td>Durante la relación sexual, el pene se retira de la vagina antes de la eyaculación. El objetivo es evitar que los espermatozoides entren en la vagina. Pero el esperma puede filtrarse antes de que se retire el pene, por lo que este método tiene tasas de embarazo más altas que otros tipos.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <h3>¿Qué es la anticoncepción de emergencia?</h3> <p>La anticoncepción de emergencia no es un método regular de control de la natalidad. Pero se puede usar para prevenir el embarazo después de una relación sexual sin protección o si se rompe un condón. Hay dos tipos:</p> <ul> <li>DIU de cobre: Dispositivo pequeño en forma de T que un profesional de la salud inserta dentro de las 120 horas posteriores a la relación sexual sin protección</li> <li>Píldoras anticonceptivas de emergencia: Píldoras hormonales que la mujer toma lo antes posible después de una relación sexual sin protección</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué más debo saber sobre el control de la natalidad?</h3> <p>Al decidir qué tipo de control de la natalidad es adecuado para usted, hay muchos factores diferentes a considerar:</p> <ul> <li>¿Quiere tener hijos algún día? ¿Qué tan pronto?</li> <li>¿Tiene alguna afección de salud?</li> <li>¿Con qué frecuencia tiene relaciones sexuales?</li> <li>¿Cuántas parejas sexuales tiene?</li> <li>¿Necesita también protección contra el VIH y otras ITS?</li> <li>¿Qué tan bien funciona el método anticonceptivo?</li> <li>¿Tiene algún efecto secundario?</li> <li>¿Es capaz de usarlo correctamente cada vez?</li> <li>¿Cuánto cuesta?</li> </ul> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede responder sus preguntas sobre el control de la natalidad para ayudarla a seleccionar el mejor tipo para usted.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Hombres Sistema reproductor femenino Sistema reproductor masculino Birth Control Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ligadura de trompas Salud sexual del adolescente Vasectomía Anticonceptivos Contracepción Planificación familiar Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Imágenes Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Obstetras y Ginecólogos Infografía Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Hombres Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Dieta para mantener el peso <h3>¿Por qué es importante el control del peso?</h3> <p>Si está luchando con su peso, no está solo. Más del 70% de los adultos en Estados Unidos tiene sobrepeso u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a>. Tener este peso adicional aumenta el riesgo de muchos problemas de salud, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades cardíacas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">renales</a> y ciertos tipos de cáncer.</p> <p>Alcanzar y mantener un peso saludable puede ser un desafío, pero tener un estilo de vida saludable, incluyendo patrones de alimentación sanos y hacer actividad física regular; puede ayudarle a perder peso. También puede reducir la probabilidad de desarrollar problemas de salud relacionados con el peso.</p> <h3>¿Qué factores afectan el peso y la salud?</h3> <p>Usted aumenta de peso cuando consume más calorías (a través de alimentos y bebidas) de las que utiliza con la actividad física y la vida diaria. Pero hay muchos factores diferentes que pueden afectar el aumento de peso, como:</p> <ul> <li><strong>El mundo que le rodea:</strong> Su hogar, comunidad y lugar de trabajo pueden afectar la forma en la que se desenvuelve en su estilo de vida diario. Por ejemplo: <ul> <li>A menudo es más fácil encontrar alimentos y bebidas con alto contenido de calorías, azúcar y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">grasa</a>. Por ejemplo, las máquinas expendedoras, las cafeterías y los eventos especiales pueden no ofrecer opciones saludables y bajas en calorías</li> <li>Los alimentos menos saludables pueden ser más baratos que los alimentos más sanos</li> <li>Muchas personas realizan menos actividad física porque pasan más tiempo usando teléfonos inteligentes y otros dispositivos</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Familias:</strong> El sobrepeso y la obesidad tienden a darse en familias. Esto sugiere que los genes pueden tener un papel en el aumento de peso. Las familias también pueden compartir hábitos alimenticios y de estilo de vida. Por ejemplo, a menudo algunas familias pueden consumir alimentos y bebidas con alto contenido de calorías, azúcar y grasa. Y ciertas familias pueden tender a ser menos activas y pasar más tiempo haciendo cosas como sentarse y mirar televisión o usar computadoras</li> <li><strong>No dormir lo suficiente:</strong> Las personas que no duermen lo suficiente pueden consumir más calorías y comer más refrigerios</li> <li><strong>Emociones:</strong> Algunas personas comen cuando se sienten aburridas, tristes o estresadas, aunque no tengan hambre</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos y afecciones de salud:</strong> Tomar ciertos medicamentos, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a> y ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">antidepresivos</a>, puede causar aumento de peso. Algunos problemas de salud crónicos también pueden hacer que suba de peso. Algunos ejemplos son el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cushingssyndrome.html">síndrome de Cushing</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">síndrome de ovario poliquístico</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo alcanzar y mantener un peso saludable?</h3> <p>Alcanzar y mantener un peso saludable implica encontrar un equilibrio entre la alimentación y sus actividades. Para perder peso, debe quemar más calorías de las que consume. Algunas formas de lograrlo son:</p> <ul> <li>Comer más alimentos ricos en nutrientes, como aquellos con muchas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">minerales</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html">fibra</a></li> <li>Comer y beber menos alimentos y bebidas que tienen muchas calorías, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sal</a>, azúcar y grasa</li> <li>Limitar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a></li> <li>Encontrar formas más saludables de preparar los alimentos, como usar aceites más saludables para cocinar y hornear o asar a la parrilla en lugar de freír los alimentos</li> <li>Hacer más <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física</a>: La recomendación general es que los adultos realicen 150 minutos de actividad física cada semana, incluyendo: <ul> <li>Actividad aeróbica, o cardio: Utiliza los grupos de músculos grandes (pecho, piernas y espalda) para acelerar el ritmo cardíaco y la respiración</li> <li>Actividad de fortalecimiento muscular, o entrenamiento de fuerza: Trabaja los músculos al empujar o jalar contra algo</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Usted puede decidir hacer estos cambios de estilo de vida por su cuenta, o puede optar por probar una dieta o un programa para bajar de peso. Antes de comenzar, es importante consultar primero con su profesional de la salud. Su proveedor puede decirle cuál es un peso saludable para usted, ayudarle a establecer metas y darle sugerencias sobre cómo perder peso.</p> <p>Si hacer cambios en el estilo de vida o seguir un programa para bajar de peso no son suficientes para ayudarle a perder peso, su profesional de la salud puede recetarle medicamentos. Los medicamentos recetados para tratar el sobrepeso y la obesidad funcionan de diferentes maneras. Algunos pueden ayudar a sentirse menos hambriento o satisfecho antes. Otros pueden dificultar que su cuerpo absorba la grasa de los alimentos que come.</p> <p>Otro tratamiento es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html">cirugía de pérdida de peso</a>. Su proveedor puede recomendar esta cirugía si tiene obesidad severa o problemas de salud graves relacionados con la obesidad y no ha podido perder suficiente peso.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Alimentos y nutrición Weight Control Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cirugías para la obesidad Dietas Ejercicio y estado físico Nutrición Obesidad Peso corporal Trastornos de la alimentación Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Adultos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>Las convulsiones son síntomas de un problema cerebral. Ocurren por la aparición súbita de una actividad eléctrica anormal en el cerebro. Cuando las personas piensan en convulsiones, suelen imaginarse el cuerpo de una persona que se sacude rápida y sin control. No todas las convulsiones provocan estas sacudidas. Existen muchos tipos de convulsiones y algunos tienen síntomas leves. Las convulsiones se dividen en dos grupos principales. Las convulsiones focales, también llamadas convulsiones parciales, ocurren en una parte del cerebro. Las convulsiones generalizadas son el resultado de actividades anormales en ambos lados del cerebro. </p> <p>La mayoría de las convulsiones duran de 30 segundos a dos minutos y no causan daños duraderos. Sin embargo, es una emergencia médica si las convulsiones duran más de cinco minutos o si una persona tiene muchas convulsiones y no se despierta entre éstas. Las convulsiones pueden tener muchas causas, entre las que se incluyen medicinas, fiebre alta, lesiones en la cabeza y ciertas enfermedades. Las personas que tienen convulsiones recurrentes debido a un trastorno cerebral tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html">epilepsia</a>. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Seizures Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Epilepsia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH <h3>What is COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?</h3> <p>COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe and get worse over time.</p> <p>Normally, the airways and air sacs in your lungs are elastic or stretchy. When you breathe in, the airways bring air to the air sacs. The air sacs fill up with air, like a small balloon. When you breathe out, the air sacs deflate, and the air goes out. If you have COPD, less air flows in and out of your airways because of one or more problems:</p><ul> <li>The airways and air sacs in your lungs become less elastic</li> <li>The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed</li> <li>The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed</li> <li>The airways make more mucus than usual and can become clogged</li> </ul> <h3>What are the types of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?</h3> <p>COPD includes two main types:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html">Emphysema</a> affects the air sacs in your lungs, as well as the walls between them. They become damaged and are less elastic.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html">Chronic bronchitis</a>, in which the lining of your airways is constantly irritated and inflamed. This causes the lining to swell and make mucus.</li> </ul> <p>Most people with COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, but how severe each type is can be different from person to person.</p> <h3>What causes COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?</h3> <p>The cause of COPD is usually long-term exposure to irritants that damage your lungs and airways. In the United States, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">cigarette smoke</a> is the main cause. Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke can also cause COPD, especially if you inhale them.</p> <p>Exposure to other inhaled irritants can contribute to COPD. These include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">secondhand smoke</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html">air pollution</a>, and chemical fumes or dusts from the environment or workplace.</p> <p>Rarely, a genetic condition called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html">alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency</a> can play a role in causing COPD.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?</h3> <p>The risk factors for COPD include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Smoking.</strong> This is the main risk factor. Up to 75% of people who have COPD smoke or used to smoke.</li> <li><strong>Long-term exposure to other lung irritants</strong>, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes and dusts from the environment or workplace</li> <li><strong>Age.</strong> Most people who have COPD are at least 40 years old when their symptoms begin.</li> <li><strong>Genetics.</strong> This includes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which is a genetic condition. Also, smokers who get COPD are more likely to get it if they have a family history of COPD.</li> <li><strong>Asthma.</strong> People who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">asthma</a> have more risk of developing COPD than people who don't have asthma. But most people with asthma will <strong>not</strong> get COPD.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?</h3> <p>At first, you may have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, your symptoms usually become more severe. They can include:</p><ul> <li>Frequent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">coughing</a> or a cough that produces a lot of mucus</li> <li>Wheezing</li> <li>A whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe</li> <li>Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity</li> <li>Tightness in your chest</li> </ul> <p>Some people with COPD get frequent respiratory infections such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">colds</a> and the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a>. In severe cases, COPD can cause weight loss, weakness in your lower muscles, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html">swelling</a> in your ankles, feet, or legs.</p> <h3>How is COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms</li> <li>A family history</li> <li>Various tests, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">lung function tests</a>, a chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a>, and blood tests</li> </ul> <p>Your doctor will diagnose COPD based on your signs and symptoms, your medical and family histories, and test results.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?</h3> <p>There is no cure for COPD. However, treatments can help with symptoms, slow the progress of the disease, and improve your ability to stay active. There are also treatments to prevent or treat complications of the disease. Treatments include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Lifestyle changes</strong>, such as <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">Quitting smoking</a> if you are a smoker. This is the most important step you can take to treat COPD.</li> <li>Avoiding secondhand smoke and places where you might breathe in other lung irritants</li> <li>Ask your health care provider for an eating plan that will meet your nutritional needs. Also ask about how much physical activity you can do. Physical activity can strengthen the muscles that help you breathe and improve your overall wellness.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medicines</strong>, such as <ul> <li>Bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier. Most bronchodilators are taken through an inhaler. In more severe cases, the inhaler may also contain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">steroids</a> to reduce inflammation.</li> <li>Vaccines for the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html">flu</a> and pneumococcal pneumonia, since people with COPD are at higher risk for serious problems from these diseases</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">Antibiotics</a> if you get a bacterial lung infection</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">Oxygen therapy</a></strong>, if you have severe COPD and low levels of oxygen in your blood. Oxygen therapy can help you breathe better. You may need extra oxygen all the time or only at certain times.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">Pulmonary rehabilitation</a></strong>, which is a program that helps improve the well-being of people who have chronic breathing problems. It may include <ul> <li>An exercise program</li> <li>Disease management training</li> <li>Nutritional counseling</li> <li>Psychological counseling</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Surgery</strong>, usually as a last resort for people who have severe symptoms that have not gotten better with medicines: <ul> <li>For COPD that is mainly related to emphysema, there are surgeries that: <ul> <li>Remove damaged lung tissue</li> <li>Remove large air spaces (bullae) that can form when air sacs are destroyed. The bullae can interfere with breathing.</li> </ul> </li> <li>For severe COPD, some people may need <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html">lung transplant</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>If you have COPD, it's important to know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You should get emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. Call your health care provider if your symptoms are getting worse or if you have signs of an infection, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a>.</p> <h3>Can COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) be prevented?</h3> <p>Since smoking causes most cases of COPD, the best way to prevent it is to not smoke. It's also important to try to avoid lung irritants such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, and dusts.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Older Adults Lungs and Breathing Enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive Russian Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Asthma Breathing Problems Chronic Bronchitis Emphysema Oxygen Therapy Pulmonary Rehabilitation Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Lung Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Thoracic Society PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Thoracic Society PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Jewish Health Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Related Issues American Lung Association Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Infographic Statistics and Research National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Lung Association Video Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies American Thoracic Society PDF Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Living With American Lung Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Lung Association Related Issues American Lung Association Easy-to-Read Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Infographic Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Thoracic Society PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests American Lung Association Treatments and Therapies American Lung Association Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues American College of Chest Physicians PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <p>Having a long-term, or chronic, illness can disrupt your life in many ways. You may often be tired and in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">pain</a>. Your illness might affect your appearance or your physical abilities and independence. You may not be able to work, causing financial problems. For children, chronic illnesses can be frightening, because they may not understand why this is happening to them.</p> <p>These changes can cause stress, anxiety, and anger. If they do, it is important to seek help. A trained counselor can help you develop strategies to regain a feeling of control. Support groups might help, too. You will find that you are not alone, and you may learn some new tips on how to cope.</p> <p>You may be able to manage your illness better if you learn more about it. It is important to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/evaluatinghealthinformation.html">evaluate the information</a> that you find, to make sure that it is reliable. It is also important to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html">find a health care provider</a> that you can trust.</p> Mental Health and Behavior Sobrellevando una enfermedad crónica Chronic Disease Spanish Cancer--Living with Cancer Chronic Pain Living with HIV Chronic Illness, Coping Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Psychological Association Related Issues American Psychological Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Start Here Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Journal Articles Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH <p>No matter how well you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">prepared</a>, you might feel dazed or numb after going through a disaster. You may also feel sad, helpless, or anxious. In spite of the tragedy, you might just feel happy to be alive.</p> <p>It is not unusual to have bad memories or dreams. You may avoid places or people that remind you of the disaster. You might have trouble sleeping, eating, or paying attention. Many people have short tempers and get angry easily. These are all normal reactions to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>.</p> <p>Sometimes the stress can be too much to handle alone. Some people have long-term problems after a disaster, including:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">Post-traumatic stress disorder</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a></li> <li> Self-blame</li> <li> Suicidal thoughts</li> <li> Alcohol or drug misuse</li> </ul> <p>If your emotional reactions are getting in the way of your relationships, work, or other important activities, talk to a counselor or your health care provider. Treatments are available.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Mental Health and Behavior Disasters Enfrentarse con desastres Disasters Adaptation, Psychological Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Learn More National Center for PTSD Learn More Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Learn More Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More National Center for PTSD Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Federal Emergency Management Agency Learn More National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles <p>Your cornea is the outermost layer of your eye. It is clear and shaped like a dome. The cornea helps to shield the rest of the eye from germs, dust, and other harmful matter. It also helps your eye to focus. If you wear contact lenses, they float on top of your corneas. </p> <p>Problems with the cornea include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html">Refractive errors</a></li> <li>Allergies</li> <li>Infections</li> <li>Injuries</li> <li>Dystrophies - conditions in which parts of the cornea lose clarity due to a buildup of cloudy material</li> </ul> <p>Treatments of corneal disorders include medicines, corneal transplantation, and corneal laser surgery.</p> <p class=""> NIH: National Eye Institute</p> Eyes and Vision Enfermedades de la córnea Corneal Injuries Corneal Diseases Spanish National Eye Institute Eye Diseases Eye Infections Eye Injuries Refractive Errors Find an Expert American Foundation for the Blind Find an Expert American Optometric Association Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images VisualDX Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Children Nemours Foundation Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Ophthalmology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Eye Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Related Issues American Academy of Ophthalmology Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Symptoms American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Keratoconus Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Keratoconus Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology <p>Corns and calluses are caused by pressure or friction on your skin. They often appear on feet where the bony parts of your feet rub against your shoes. Corns usually appear on the tops or sides of toes while calluses form on the soles of feet. Calluses also can appear on hands or other areas that are rubbed or pressed.</p> <p>Wearing shoes that fit better or using non-medicated pads may help. While bathing, gently rub the corn or callus with a washcloth or pumice stone to help reduce the size. To avoid infection, do not try to shave off the corn or callus. See your doctor, especially if you have diabetes or circulation problems.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Callos y callosidades Callosities Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Calluses Related Issues American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Find an Expert American Podiatric Medical Association Start Here Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Images VisualDX Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Podiatric Medical Association Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Related Issues American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Bypass surgery CABG Coronary artery bypass graft <p>In <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a> (CAD), the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to your heart muscle grow hardened and narrowed. You may try treatments such as lifestyle changes, medicines, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html">angioplasty</a>, a procedure to open the arteries. If these treatments don't help, you may need coronary artery bypass surgery.</p> <p>The surgery creates a new path for blood to flow to the heart. The surgeon takes a healthy piece of vein from the leg or artery from the chest or wrist. Then the surgeon attaches it to the coronary artery, just above and below the narrowed area or blockage. This allows blood to bypass (get around) the blockage. Sometimes people need more than one bypass.</p> <p>The results of the surgery usually are excellent. Many people remain symptom-free for many years. You may need surgery again if blockages form in the grafted arteries or veins or in arteries that weren't blocked before. Lifestyle changes and medicines may help prevent arteries from becoming clogged again.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Surgery and Rehabilitation Bypass de la arteria coronaria Coronary Artery Bypass Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Angioplasty Cardiac Rehabilitation Heart Surgery Bypass Surgery CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Find an Expert American Heart Association Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Texas Heart Institute Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics Texas Heart Institute Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here American Heart Association PDF Living With Society of Thoracic Surgeons PDF CAD Coronary arteriosclerosis Coronary atherosclerosis Coronary heart disease <p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. It is the leading cause of death in the United States in both men and women.</p> <p>CAD happens when the arteries that supply blood to heart muscle become hardened and narrowed. This is due to the buildup of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">cholesterol</a> and other material, called plaque, on their inner walls. This buildup is called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">atherosclerosis</a>. As it grows, less blood can flow through the arteries. As a result, the heart muscle can't get the blood or oxygen it needs. This can lead to chest pain (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html">angina</a>) or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>. Most heart attacks happen when a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clot</a> suddenly cuts off the hearts' blood supply, causing permanent heart damage. </p> <p>Over time, CAD can also weaken the heart muscle and contribute to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">heart failure</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">arrhythmias</a>. Heart failure means the heart can't pump blood well to the rest of the body. Arrhythmias are changes in the normal beating rhythm of the heart. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Older Adults Blood, Heart and Circulation Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias Coronary Artery Disease Arabic Bosnian Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Angina Atherosclerosis Cardiac Rehabilitation Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Heart Attack Heart Diseases Heart Health Tests Arteriosclerosis, Coronary Atherosclerosis, Coronary CAD Coronary Arteriosclerosis Specifics American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests U.S. Preventive Services Task Force PDF Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Older Adults American Geriatrics Society Start Here American Heart Association Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Texas Heart Institute Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Texas Heart Institute Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Living With American Heart Association <p>Es posible que haya oído acerca de los esteroides anabólicos, que se sabe pueden tener efectos nocivos. Pero existe otro tipo de esteroides, también llamados corticoides, que trata una variedad de problemas. Estos corticoides son similares a las hormonas que producen las glándulas suprarrenales para combatir el estrés relacionado con enfermedades y traumatismos. Reducen la inflamación y a la vez afectan el sistema inmunitario. Es posible que deba tomar corticoides para tratar:</p> <ul> <li> Artritis</li> <li> Asma</li> <li> Enfermedades autoinmunes como el lupus y la esclerosis múltiple </li> <li>Afecciones de la piel, tales como eccema y erupciones cutáneas</li> <li> Algunos tipos de cáncer</li> </ul> <p>Los corticoides son medicinas potentes que tienen efectos secundarios, incluso puede debilitar los huesos y causar cataratas. Por este motivo, se suelen indicar por períodos lo más cortos posibles.</p> Tratamiento con medicamentos Steroids Enfermedad de Addison Síndrome de Cushing Corticosteroide Esteroides Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Makeup <p>Cosmetics are products you apply to your body to clean it, make it more attractive, or change the way it looks. They include:</p><ul> <li> Hair dyes </li> <li> Makeup </li> <li> Perfumes </li> <li> Skin-care creams </li> </ul> <p>Cosmetics that treat or prevent diseases are also drugs. Products such as dandruff shampoo, fluoride toothpaste, and antiperspirant deodorant are both cosmetics and drugs. A good way to tell if you're buying a cosmetic that is also a drug is to see if the first ingredient listed is an "active ingredient." The active ingredient is the chemical that makes the product effective. The manufacturer must have proof that it's safe for its intended use.</p> <p>Cosmetics can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">allergic reactions</a>. The first sign is often red and irritated skin. Fragrances and preservatives are the most common causes of skin problems.</p> <p>To find out all the ingredients in a cosmetic you use, check the container. Manufacturers are required to list them. Labels such as "natural" and "hypoallergenic" have no official meaning. Companies can use them to mean whatever they want. </p> <p class="">Food and Drug Administration</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Cosméticos Cosmetics Spanish Makeup Specifics Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Food and Drug Administration Start Here National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Food and Drug Administration Test Your Knowledge Food and Drug Administration Start Here Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Food and Drug Administration Teenagers Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Food and Drug Administration Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Women Nemours Foundation Maquillaje <p>Los cosméticos son productos que se aplican en el cuerpo para limpiarlo, hacerlo más atractivo o cambiar su apariencia. Estos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Tintes para el cabello</li> <li> Maquillaje</li> <li> Perfumes </li> <li> Cremas para el cuidado de la piel </li> </ul> <p>Productos como champú anticaspa, pasta de dientes con flúor o desodorante antitranspirante son tanto cosméticos como medicamentos. Una buena manera de saber si está comprando un cosmético que también es un fármaco es ver el primer ingrediente mencionado como "ingrediente activo." El ingrediente activo es la sustancia química que hace que el producto sea eficaz. El fabricante debe tener una prueba que es sano para el uso que pretende darle. </p> <p>Los cosméticos pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">reacciones alérgicas</a>. La primera señal es a menudo piel roja o irritada. Fragancias y preservativos son las causas más comunes de problemas de la piel. </p> <p>Para averiguar todos los ingredientes de un cosmético, revise el envase. Los fabricantes están obligados a mencionarlos. Las etiquetas como "natural" e "hipoalergénico" no tienen un significado oficial. Las empresas pueden usarlas para indicar lo que mejor les parezca.</p> <p class="">Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Cosmetics Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos <p>Coughing is a reflex that keeps your throat and airways clear. Although it can be annoying, coughing helps your body heal or protect itself. Coughs can be either acute or chronic. Acute coughs begin suddenly and usually last no more than 2 to 3 weeks. Acute coughs are the kind you most often get with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">cold</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html">acute bronchitis</a>. Chronic coughs last longer than 2 to 3 weeks. Causes of chronic cough include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html">Chronic bronchitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">Asthma</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">Allergies</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a> (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">GERD</a> (gastroesophageal reflux disease) </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/throatdisorders.html">Throat disorders</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html">croup</a> in young children</li> <li>Some medicines </li> </ul> <p>Water can help ease your cough - whether you drink it or add it to the air with a steamy shower or vaporizer. If you have a cold or the flu, antihistamines may work better than non-prescription <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html">cough medicines</a>. Children under four should not have cough medicine. For children over four, use caution and read labels carefully.</p> Lungs and Breathing Ear, Nose and Throat Symptoms Tos Cough Spanish Acute Bronchitis Breathing Problems Chronic Bronchitis Cold and Cough Medicines Croup Lung Diseases Whooping Cough Find an Expert American Lung Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Health Check Tools American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH COVID-19 Coronavirus <p>COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an illness caused by a virus. This virus is a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. It spreads when a person who has the infection breathes out droplets and very small particles that contain the virus. On this page, you'll find links to resources on important issues such as symptoms, risks, and how you can protect yourself and your family.</p> <p>We also have pages on:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19testing.html">COVID-19 testing</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html">COVID-19 vaccines</a></li> <li><a href="postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" tid="7807">Post-COVID conditions (long COVID)</a></li> </ul> Infections Lungs and Breathing Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) COVID-19 Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Haitian Creole Korean Russian Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Sanitizing COVID-19 Testing COVID-19 Vaccines Germs and Hygiene Pneumonia Post-COVID Conditions (Long COVID) Traveler's Health Viral Infections Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services PDF Infographic Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Symptoms National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Symptoms National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Video NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Women Nemours Foundation Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Clinical Trials COVID-19 Prevention Network Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Older Adults Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response Treatments and Therapies Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH COVID-19 Antibody Test COVID-19 Viral Test SARS-CoV-2 Testing <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a> (coronavirus disease 2019) is a disease caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2. There are two types of tests for this virus:</p> <ul> <li>A <strong>viral test</strong> tells you if you have a current infection. Viral tests can either be rapid tests or laboratory tests: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/rapid-tests/">Rapid tests</a> can be done in minutes. They are often antigen tests, which look for specific proteins from the virus. Some rapid tests are self-tests which you can do at home.</li> <li>Laboratory tests can take days to complete and include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pcr-tests/">PCR tests</a>.</li> </ul> </li> <li>An <strong>antibody (serology) test</strong> might tell you if you had a past infection.</li> </ul> <p>If you need a COVID-19 test, you can:</p> <ul> <li>Buy a self-test online or at a store. Make sure that the test you buy has been authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).</li> <li>Check your state or local health department's website for information on testing in your area.</li> <li>Contact your health care provider.</li> </ul> <p>Even if your COVID-19 viral test is negative (the test did not detect the virus), you should still take steps to <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html">protect yourself and others</a>.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Diagnostic Tests Pruebas para el COVID-19 COVID-19 Testing Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Korean Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) COVID-19 Vaccines Post-COVID Conditions (Long COVID) Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Food and Drug Administration Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Association of County and City Health Officials Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a> (coronavirus disease 2019) is an illness caused by a virus. This virus is a coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. In the United States, there are several vaccines that are effective at protecting people from getting seriously ill, being hospitalized, and dying from COVID-19. These vaccines are being used under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This means that the vaccines have met the FDA's scientific standards for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccinesafety.html">safety</a>, effectiveness, and manufacturing quality that are needed to support authorization.</p> <p>This page includes details about the vaccines and the vaccination program, including <a href="https://vaccinefinder.org/search/">where you can find a vaccine</a>.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Immune System Vacunas contra el COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Arabic Armenian Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi French German Hindi Hmong Italian Japanese Khmer Korean Marshallese Pashto Polish Punjabi Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Childhood Vaccines COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) COVID-19 Testing Post-COVID Conditions (Long COVID) Vaccines Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Specifics American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Food and Drug Administration PDF Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Food and Drug Administration PDF Patient Handouts Food and Drug Administration PDF Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Videos and Tutorials Food and Drug Administration Video Videos and Tutorials National Institutes of Health Video NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics <h3>¿Qué es un coágulo de sangre?</h3> <p>Un coágulo de sangre es una masa que se forma cuando las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html">plaquetas</a>, proteínas y células de la sangre se pegan entre sí. Cuando se lastima, su cuerpo forma un coágulo de sangre para detener el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html">sangrado</a>. Una vez que se detiene el sangrado y se produce la curación, en general, su cuerpo descompone y elimina el coágulo de sangre. Pero, a veces, se forman coágulos de sangre donde no deberían, su cuerpo produce demasiados coágulos o coágulos anormales; o no se descomponen como deberían. Estos coágulos de sangre pueden ser peligrosos y causar otros problemas de salud.</p> <p>Los coágulos de sangre se pueden formar o viajar a los vasos sanguíneos de las extremidades, los pulmones, el cerebro, el corazón y los riñones. Los tipos de problemas que pueden causar los coágulos de sangre dependen de dónde se ubiquen:</p> <ul> <li>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/deepveinthrombosis.html">trombosis venosa profunda</a> es un coágulo de sangre en una vena profunda, en general en la parte inferior de la pierna, el muslo o la pelvis. Puede bloquear una vena y dañar su pierna</li> <li>Puede ocurrir una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html">embolia pulmonar</a> cuando un trombo en una vena se desprende y viaja por el torrente sanguíneo hasta los pulmones. Una embolia pulmonar, especialmente si es grande, puede dañar sus pulmones y evitar que otros órganos reciban suficiente oxígeno</li> <li>La trombosis de senos venosos cerebrales es un coágulo de sangre poco común en los senos venosos del cerebro. Normalmente, los senos venosos drenan sangre de su cerebro. La trombosis venosa cerebral bloquea el drenaje de sangre y puede causar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico</a></li> <li>Los coágulos de sangre en otras partes del cuerpo pueden causar problemas como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular isquémico</a>, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardíaco</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">problemas en los riñones</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">insuficiencia renal</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">problemas durante el embarazo</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Quiénes tienen más riesgo de tener coágulos de sangre?</h3> <p>Ciertos factores pueden aumentar su riesgo de tener coágulos sanguíneos:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">Arterioesclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atrialfibrillation.html">Fibrilación auricular</a></li> <li>Tener sobrepeso u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Cáncer y tratamientos contra el cáncer</li> <li>Ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">trastornos genéticos</a></li> <li>Ciertas cirugías</li> <li><a href="covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" tid="3182">Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li>Antecedentes familiares de coágulos sanguíneos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">Embarazo</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html">parto</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html">Lesiones</a> graves</li> <li>Algunos medicamentos, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">píldoras anticonceptivas</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a></li> <li>Permanecer en una posición durante mucho tiempo, como estar en el hospital o hacer un viaje largo en automóvil o avión</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los coágulos de sangre?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de los coágulos de sangre pueden ser diferentes, dependiendo de dónde se encuentre:</p> <ul> <li>En el abdomen, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">dolor abdominal</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">náusea y vómitos</a></li> <li>En un brazo o una pierna, dolor, hinchazón, sensibilidad y calor repentino o gradual</li> <li>En los pulmones, dificultad para respirar, dolor al respirar profundamente, respiración rápida y aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca</li> <li> En el cerebro, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">dificultad para hablar</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">problemas de visión</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">convulsiones</a>, debilidad en un lado del cuerpo y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">dolor de cabeza</a> intenso y repentino</li> <li>En el corazón, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">dolor en el pecho</a>, sudoración, dificultad para respirar y dolor en el brazo izquierdo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los coágulos de sangre?</h3> Para saber si tiene uno o más coágulos de sangre, su profesional de la salud: <ul> <li>Realizará un examen físico</li> <li>Analizará su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Puede solicitar análisis de sangre, incluyendo una prueba de dímero D</li> <li>Puede solicitar pruebas de imágenes, como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">Ultrasonido</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">Radiografías</a> de las venas (venografía) o de los vasos sanguíneos (angiografía) que se toman tras recibir una inyección de material de contraste. El tinte aparece en la radiografía y permite ver cómo fluye la sangre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">Tomografía computarizada</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los coágulos de sangre?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para los coágulos de sangre dependen de dónde se encuentre el coágulo de sangre y su gravedad. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">Anticoagulantes</a> </li> <li>Otros medicamentos, incluyendo trombolíticos. Estos son medicinas que disuelven los coágulos de sangre. Por lo general, se usan cuando los coágulos son graves</li> <li>Cirugía y otros procedimientos para eliminar los coágulos de sangre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir los coágulos de sangre?</h3> <p>Es posible que pueda ayudar a prevenir los coágulos de sangre al:</p> <ul> <li>Moverse lo antes posible después de haber estado mucho tiempo inmóvil, como después de una cirugía, enfermedad o lesión</li> <li>Levantarse y moverse cada cierto tiempo si debe estar sentado durante largos períodos de tiempo, por ejemplo, si está en un vuelo o en un viaje en automóvil largo</li> <li>Usar medias de compresión después de una cirugía o durante un vuelo largo</li> <li>Hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física regular</a></li> <li>No fumar</li> <li>Mantener un peso saludable</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas con alto riesgo pueden necesitar tomar anticoagulantes para prevenir la formación de coágulos de sangre.</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Blood Clots Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Embolia pulmonar Problemas de coagulación Problemas plaquetarios Trombosis venosa profunda Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Cardiopulmonary resuscitation <p>When someone's blood flow or breathing stops, seconds count. Permanent brain damage or death can happen quickly. If you know how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), you could save a life. CPR is an emergency procedure for a person whose heart has stopped (called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html">sudden cardiac arrest</a>) or who is no longer breathing. CPR can maintain the blood flow breathing until <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emergencymedicalservices.html">emergency medical help</a> arrives.</p> <p>Take these steps if someone is in sudden cardiac arrest:</p> <ul> <li>Call 911.</li> <li>If someone else is around, have them look for an automated external defibrillator (AED). An AED is a device that sends an electric shock to the heart to try to restore its normal rhythm. AEDs are available in many public places such as schools, businesses, and airports .</li> <li>Make sure that the person with sudden cardiac arrest is lying on their back on a firm surface.</li> <li> If you haven't had any CPR training, you can do "hands-only" CPR for a teen or adult whose heart has stopped beating ("hands-only" CPR isn't recommended for children). "Hands-only" CPR uses chest compressions to keep blood circulating. Chest compressions involve pushing hard and fast in the center of the chest.</li> <li>If you've had training, you can use chest compressions, clear the airway, and do rescue breathing. Rescue breathing helps get oxygen to the lungs for a person who has stopped breathing. To keep your skills up, repeat the CPR training every two years.</li> <li>Use the AED as soon as possible, if there is one available.</li> </ul> Blood, Heart and Circulation Injuries and Wounds Reanimación cardiopulmonar Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute First Aid Sudden Cardiac Arrest Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Specifics American Red Cross PDF Find an Expert American Heart Association Find an Expert American Red Cross Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research American Heart Association Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Children American Red Cross PDF Journal Articles Start Here American Heart Association <p>Craniofacial is a medical term that relates to the bones of the skull and face. Craniofacial abnormalities are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">birth defects</a> of the face or head. Some, like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html">cleft lip and palate</a>, are among the most common of all birth defects. Others are very rare. Most of them affect how a person's face or head looks. These conditions may also affect other parts of the body.</p> <p>Treatment depends on the type of problem. Plastic and reconstructive surgery may help the person's appearance.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Anomalías craneofaciales Craniofacial Abnormalities Spanish Brain Malformations Cleft Lip and Palate Craniosynostosis Positional Plagiocephaly Treacher-Collins Syndrome Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Children's Craniofacial Association PDF Specifics Children's Craniofacial Association PDF Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH CJD <p>Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html">degenerative brain disorder</a>. Symptoms usually start around age 60. Memory problems, behavior changes, vision problems, and poor muscle coordination progress quickly to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html">dementia</a>, coma, and death. Most patients die within a year.</p> <p>The three main categories of CJD are :</p><ul> <li>Sporadic CJD, which occurs for no known reason </li> <li>Hereditary CJD, which runs in families</li> <li>Acquired CJD, which occurs from contact with infected tissue, usually during a medical procedure</li> </ul> <p>Cattle can get a disease related to CJD called bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or "mad cow disease." There is concern that people can get a variant of CJD from eating beef from an infected animal, but there is no direct proof to support this.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke BSE Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy CJD Jakob-Creutzfeldt Disease Mad Cow Disease Prion Diseases vCJD Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Department of Agriculture PDF Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Alzheimer's Association Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Neurology PDF Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Educación de los hijos <p>Si usted tiene hijos, recibe muchas sugerencias sobre cómo debe criarlos. Desde expertos hasta otros padres, las personas están siempre dispuestas a darle consejos. Consejos sobre la crianza de los hijos, guías de supervivencia para padres, lo que debe y no debe hacer, cosas nuevas aparecen todos los días.</p> <p>La verdad es que hay más de una manera "correcta" de ser buenos padres. Ser buenos padres incluye:</p> <ul> <li> Mantener a sus hijo sanos y seguros </li> <li> Demostrarles afecto y escucharlos </li> <li> Proveer orden y su consistencia </li> <li> Determinar y hacer cumplir los límites </li> <li> Pasar tiempo con sus hijos </li> <li> Supervisar las amistades y las actividades de sus hijos </li> <li> Darles el ejemplo </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud del Niño y Desarrollo Humano</p> Niños y adolescentes Asuntos sociales y familiares Parenting Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Asuntos familiares Desarrollo del niño Chicos, Crianza de Niños, Crianza de Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Fácil de leer Adolescentes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano PDF NIH <h3>¿Qué es la criptosporidiosis?</h3> <p>La criptosporidiosis es una enfermedad contagiosa que causa <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a> líquida. Es causada por parásitos llamados <em>Cryptosporidium</em>. Estos parásitos viven en el suelo, los alimentos y el agua. Se encuentran en todas las regiones de los Estados Unidos y el mundo. La criptosporidiosis también se puede encontrar en superficies o manos sucias que han sido contaminadas con heces de humanos o animales infectados.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se transmite la criptosporidiosis?</h3> <p>Puede infectarse con criptosporidiosis al tragar el parásito si se encuentra en los alimentos, el agua potable o el agua en la que nada. También puede infectarse cuando toca algo que ha sido contaminado y luego se toca los ojos, la boca, o nariz. Otra forma de propagación es por el contacto sexual.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener criptosporidiosis?</h3> <p>Ciertas personas tienen más probabilidades de contagiarse con criptosporidiosis, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Niños y trabajadores de guarderías</li> <li>Personas mayores de 75 años y más</li> <li>Personas que cuidan de otras personas con criptosporidiosis</li> <li>Viajeros internacionales</li> <li>Mochileros, excursionistas y campistas que beben agua sin filtrar ni tratar</li> <li>Personas, incluyendo nadadores, que tragan agua de fuentes contaminadas</li> <li>Personas que tocan animales infectados, a menudo vacas u ovejas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la criptosporidiosis?</h3> <p>El síntoma más común de la criptosporidiosis es la diarrea líquida. Otros síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">Deshidratación</a></li> <li>Pérdida de peso</li> <li>Calambres o dolor de estómago</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náusea y vómitos</a></li> </ul> <p>En general, los síntomas comienzan de 2 a 10 días después de infectarse con el parásito. En personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistemas inmunitarios</a> sanos, los síntomas pueden durar entre 1 y 2 semanas. En ocasiones, los síntomas pueden durar más o aparecer y desaparecer hasta por 30 días.</p> <p>Las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados pueden desarrollar una enfermedad crónica grave. Las razones por las que podría tener un sistema inmunitario débil pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html">VIH</a></li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a></li> <li>Tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">problema genético</a> que afecte el sistema inmunitario</li> <li>Tomar ciertos medicamentos, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a> y medicinas necesarias después de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">trasplante de órgano</a></li> </ul> <p>Es posible que algunas personas no presenten ningún síntoma. Hable con su profesional de la salud si presenta diarrea líquida que dura más de unos pocos días, especialmente si tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la criptosporidiosis?</h3> <p>La criptosporidiosis se diagnostica analizando muestras de heces, generalmente bajo un microscopio. Las personas con criptosporidiosis pueden tener muchos parásitos en las heces un día, pero no tantos al día siguiente. Por ello, es posible que deba entregar al laboratorio tres muestras de heces recolectadas en días diferentes. Esto ayuda a garantizar que su diagnóstico sea acertado.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la criptosporidiosis?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas con criptosporidiosis mejoran sin tratamiento. Suele tardar entre una y dos semanas. Es importante beber mucho líquido para prevenir la deshidratación. Los bebés, los niños pequeños y las personas embarazadas tienen más probabilidades de deshidratarse y deberían recibir más líquidos. Si está embarazada o si cree que usted o su hijo están seriamente deshidratados, hable con su profesional de la salud para saber cómo obtener suficientes líquidos. Es posible que algunas personas deshidratadas deban recibir líquidos por vía intravenosa en un centro de salud u hospital.</p> <p>Los medicamentos antidiarreicos de venta libre pueden ayudar a disminuir la diarrea, pero no los tome sin consultar primero con su profesional de la salud. Existe un medicamento para tratar la diarrea causada por criptosporidiosis en personas con sistemas inmunitarios sanos. Usted y su proveedor de atención médica pueden hablar sobre si ese medicamento es adecuado para usted.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la criptosporidiosis?</h3> <p>Para reducir sus posibilidades de contagiarse o propagar criptosporidiosis:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">Lávese las manos</a> frecuentemente con agua y jabón, especialmente después de ir al baño, cambiar pañales o tocar animales. También es necesario lavarse las manos antes de comer o preparar alimentos. Los desinfectantes para manos a base de alcohol no son eficaces contra la criptosporidiosis</li> <li>Beba únicamente agua que sepa que es segura</li> <li>Beba únicamente leche y sidra de manzana que hayan sido pasteurizadas</li> <li>No coma alimentos crudos cuando viaje a países donde el suministro de alimentos podría ser inseguro</li> <li>Nunca vaya a nadar si tiene diarrea</li> <li>No trague agua cuando esté nadando</li> <li>Utilice condones o protectores dentales cada vez que tenga relaciones sexuales. Esto también ayudará a prevenir otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">infecciones de transmisión sexual</a></li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Sistema inmunitario Cryptosporidiosis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Agua potable Enfermedades parasitarias Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH ICU Intensive care <h3>What is critical care?</h3> <p>Critical care is medical care for people who have life-threatening injuries and illnesses. It usually takes place in an intensive care unit (ICU). A team of specially-trained health care providers gives you 24-hour care. This includes using machines to constantly monitor your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitalsigns.html">vital signs</a>. It also usually involves giving you specialized treatments.</p> <h3>Who needs critical care?</h3> <p>You need critical care if you have a life-threatening illness or injury, such as:</p><ul> <li>Severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html">burns</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">Heart attack</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html">Kidney failure</a></li> <li>People recovering from certain major surgeries</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html">Respiratory failure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html">Sepsis</a></li> <li>Severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html">bleeding</a></li> <li>Serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html">infections</a></li> <li>Serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html">injuries</a>, such as from car crashes, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">falls</a>, and shootings</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html">Shock</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Stroke</a></li> </ul> <h3>What happens in a critical care unit?</h3> <p>In a critical care unit, health care providers use lots of different equipment, including:</p><ul> <li>Catheters, flexible tubes used to get fluids into the body or to drain fluids from the body</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">Dialysis</a> machines ("artificial kidneys") for people with kidney failure</li> <li>Feeding tubes, which give you <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionalsupport.html">nutritional support</a></li> <li>Intravenous (IV) tubes to give you fluids and medicines</li> <li>Machines which check your vital signs and display them on monitors</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">Oxygen therapy</a> to give you extra oxygen to breathe in</li> <li>Tracheostomy tubes, which are breathing tubes. The tube is placed in a surgically made hole that goes through the front of the neck and into the windpipe.</li> <li>Ventilators (breathing machines), which move air in and out of your lungs. This is for people who have respiratory failure.</li> </ul> <p>These machines can help keep you alive, but many of them can also raise your risk of infection.</p> <p>Sometimes people in a critical care unit are not able to communicate. It's important that you have an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/advancedirectives.html">advance directive</a> in place. This can help your health care providers and family members make important decisions, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoflifeissues.html">end-of-life decisions</a>, if you are not able to make them.</p> Surgery and Rehabilitation Terapia intensiva Critical Care Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Assisted Breathing ICU Life Support Tracheostomy Ventilators Treatments and Therapies American Thoracic Society PDF Treatments and Therapies American Thoracic Society PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Thoracic Society PDF Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Regional enteritis Regional ileitis <h3>What is Crohn's disease?</h3> <p>Crohn's disease is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that causes inflammation in your digestive tract. It can affect any part of your digestive tract, which runs from your mouth to your anus. But it usually affects your small intestine and the beginning of your large intestine.</p> <p>Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html">Ulcerative colitis</a> and microscopic colitis are other common types of IBD.</p> <h3>What causes Crohn's disease?</h3> <p>The cause of Crohn's disease is unknown. Researchers think that an autoimmune reaction may be one cause. An autoimmune reaction happens when your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> attacks healthy cells in your body. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/crohns-disease/">Genetics</a> may also play a role, since Crohn's disease can run in families.</p> <p>Stress and eating certain foods don't cause the disease, but they can make your symptoms worse.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop Crohn's disease?</h3> <p>There are certain factors that may raise your risk of Crohn's disease:</p><ul> <li><strong>Family history</strong> of the disease. Having a parent, child, or sibling with the disease puts you at higher risk.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a>.</strong> This may double your risk of developing Crohn's disease.</li> <li><strong>Certain medicines</strong>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth-control pills</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</a> (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. These may slightly increase your chance of developing Crohn's.</li> <li><strong>A high-fat diet.</strong> This may also slightly increase your risk of Crohn's.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of Crohn's disease?</h3> <p>The symptoms of Crohn's disease can vary, depending where and how severe your inflammation is. The most common symptoms include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> <li>Cramping and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">pain</a> in your abdomen</li> <li>Weight loss</li> </ul> <p>Some other possible symptoms are:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">Anemia</a>, a condition in which you have fewer red blood cells than normal</li> <li>Eye redness or pain</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li>Joint pain or soreness</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea</a> or loss of appetite</li> <li>Skin changes that involve red, tender bumps under the skin</li> </ul> <p>Stress and eating certain foods such as carbonated (fizzy) drinks and high-fiber foods may make some people's symptoms worse.</p> <h3>What other problems can Crohn's disease cause?</h3> <p>Crohn's disease can cause other problems, including:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html">Intestinal obstruction</a>, a blockage in the intestine</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fistulas.html">Fistulas</a>, abnormal connections between two parts inside of the body</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html">Abscesses</a>, pus-filled pockets of infection</li> <li>Anal fissures, small tears in your anus that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding</li> <li>Ulcers, open sores in your mouth, intestines, anus, or perineum</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html">Malnutrition</a>, when your body does not get the right amount of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">minerals</a>, and nutrients it needs</li> <li>Inflammation in other areas of your body, such as your joints, eyes, and skin</li> </ul> <h3>How is Crohn's disease diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms</li> <li>A family history</li> <li>A physical exam, including: <ul> <li>Checking for bloating in your abdomen.</li> <li>Listening to sounds within your abdomen using a stethoscope.</li> <li>Tapping on your abdomen to check for tenderness and pain and to see if your liver or spleen is abnormal or enlarged.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Various tests, including: <ul> <li>Blood and stool tests.</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">colonoscopy</a>.</li> <li>An upper GI endoscopy, a procedure in which your provider uses a scope to look inside your mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Diagnostic imaging</a> tests, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a> or an upper GI series. An upper GI series uses a special liquid called barium and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-rays</a>. Drinking the barium will make your upper GI tract more visible on an x-ray.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for Crohn's disease?</h3> <p>There is no cure for Crohn's disease, but treatments can decrease inflammation in your intestines, relieve symptoms, and prevent complications. Treatments include medicines, bowel rest, and surgery. No single treatment works for everyone. You and your provider can work together to figure out which treatment is best for you:</p><ul> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> for Crohn's include various medicines that decrease the inflammation. Many of these medicines do this by reducing the activity of your immune system. Certain medicines can also help with symptoms or complications, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</a> and anti-diarrheal medicines. If your Crohn's causes an infection, you may need antibiotics.</li> <li><strong>Bowel rest</strong> involves drinking only certain liquids or not eating or drinking anything. This allows your intestines to rest. You may need to do this if your Crohn's disease symptoms are severe. You get your nutrients through drinking a liquid, a feeding tube, or an intravenous (IV) tube. You may need to do bowel rest in the hospital, or you may be able to do it at home. It will last for a few days or up to several weeks.</li> <li><strong>Surgery</strong> can treat complications and reduce symptoms when other treatments are not helping enough. The surgery will involve removing a damaged part of your digestive tract to treat: <ul> <li>Fistulas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">Bleeding</a> that is life threatening</li> <li>Intestinal obstructions</li> <li>Side effects from medicines when they threaten your health</li> <li>Symptoms when medicines do not improve your condition</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Changing your diet can help reduce symptoms. Your provider may recommend that you make changes to your diet, such as:</p><ul> <li>Avoiding carbonated drinks</li> <li>Avoiding popcorn, vegetable skins, nuts, and other high-fiber foods</li> <li>Drinking more liquids</li> <li>Eating smaller meals more often</li> <li>Keeping a food diary to help identify foods that cause problems</li> </ul> <p>In some cases, your provider may ask you to go on a special diet, such as a diet that is:</p> <ul> <li>High calorie</li> <li>Lactose free</li> <li>Low fat</li> <li>Low fiber</li> <li>Low salt</li> </ul> <p>If you are not absorbing enough nutrients, you may need to take nutritional supplements and vitamins.</p> <p class="">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Enfermedad de Crohn Crohn Disease Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Colonic Diseases Ulcerative Colitis Inflammatory Bowel Disease Regional Enteritis Regional Ileitis Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Statistics and Research Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Symptoms National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition PDF Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Adults Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Teenagers Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Spondylitis Association of America Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Treatments and Therapies Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Start Here Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Spasmodic croup Viral croup <p>Croup is an inflammation of the vocal cords (larynx) and windpipe (trachea). It causes difficulty breathing, a barking cough, and a hoarse voice. The cause is usually a virus, often <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">parainfluenza virus</a>. Other causes include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">allergies</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">reflux</a>.</p> <p>Croup often starts out like a cold. But then the vocal cords and windpipe become swollen, causing the hoarseness and the cough. There may also be a fever and high-pitched noisy sounds when breathing. The symptoms are usually worse at night, and last for about three to five days. Children between the ages of 6 months and 3 years have the highest risk of getting croup. They may also have more severe symptoms. Croup is more common in the fall and winter.</p> <p>Most cases of viral croup are mild and can be treated at home. Rarely, croup can become serious and interfere with your child's breathing. If you are worried about your child's breathing, call your health care provider right away.</p> Children and Teenagers Lungs and Breathing Crup Croup Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More National Jewish Health PDF Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Cancer Institute NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Laringotraqueobronquitis <p>El crup es una inflamación de las cuerdas vocales (laringe) y la tráquea. Causa dificultad para respirar, tos seca similar a la de los perros y voz ronca. La causa suele ser un virus, a menudo parainfluenza. Otras causas incluyen alergias y reflujo.</p> <p>El crup a menudo comienza como un resfriado. Pero luego las cuerdas vocales y la tráquea se inflaman, causando ronquera y tos. También puede haber fiebre y sonidos agudos al respirar. Los síntomas en general empeoran en la noche y duran entre tres y cinco días.</p> <p>Los niños entre los seis meses y tres años están en mayor riesgo. El crup es más frecuente durante el otoño y el invierno.</p> <p>La mayoría de los casos de crup viral son leves y pueden tratarse en casa. En raras ocasiones, el crup puede llegar a ser grave e interferir con la respiración de su hijo. Si usted está preocupado acerca de la respiración de su hijo, llame a su proveedor de atención médica de inmediato.</p> Niños y adolescentes Pulmón y vías respiratorias Croup Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Laringotraqueobronquitis Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Crypto <h3>What is cryptosporidiosis? </h3> <p>Cryptosporidiosis is a contagious disease that causes watery <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>. It is caused by parasites called <em>Cryptosporidium,</em> or Crypto . These parasites live in soil, food, and water. They are found in every region of the United States and throughout the world. Crypto can also be found on surfaces or dirty hands that have been contaminated with the stool (poop) of humans or animals that have the infection.</p> <h3>How is cryptosporidiosis spread?</h3> <p>You can become infected with Crypto by swallowing the parasite if it is in your food, drinking water, or water that you swim in. You can also get infected when you touch something that has been contaminated, and then you touch your eyes, mouth, or nose. Another way that Crypto can spread is through sexual contact.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to get cryptosporidiosis?</h3> <p>Certain people are more likely to get Crypto; they include:</p> <ul> <li>Children and workers at childcare centers</li> <li>Older adults (ages 75 years and older)</li> <li>People who take care of other people with Crypto</li> <li>International travelers</li> <li>Backpackers, hikers, and campers who drink unfiltered, untreated water</li> <li>People, including swimmers, who swallow water from contaminated sources</li> <li>People who touch infected animals, often cows or sheep</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of cryptosporidiosis?</h3> <p>The most common symptom of cryptosporidiosis is watery diarrhea. Other symptoms include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">Dehydration</a></li> <li>Weight loss</li> <li>Stomach cramps or pain</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and vomiting</a></li> </ul> <p>The symptoms generally begin 2 to 10 days after becoming infected with the parasite. In people with healthy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune systems</a>, the symptoms can last about 1 to 2 weeks. Occasionally, the symptoms can last longer or come and go for up to 30 days.</p> <p>People with weakened immune systems may develop a serious, chronic illness. Some reasons why you might have a weakened immune system could include:</p> <ul> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html">HIV</a></li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancer</a></li> <li>Having a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic condition</a> that affects the immune system</li> <li>Taking certain medicines, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a> and medicines needed after an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">organ transplant</a></li> </ul> <p>Some people may not have any symptoms at all.</p> <p>Contact your health care provider if you have watery diarrhea that lasts more than a few days, especially if you have a weakened immune system.</p> <h3>How is cryptosporidiosis diagnosed?</h3> <p>Cryptosporidiosis is diagnosed by examining stool samples, usually under a microscope. People with Crypto can have many parasites in their stool one day but not as many the next day. So you may need to give the lab three stool samples collected on three different days. This helps make sure that your diagnosis is correct.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for cryptosporidiosis?</h3> <p>Most people with cryptosporidiosis get better without treatment. It usually takes about one to two weeks. It's important to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Infants, young children, and pregnant people are more likely to get dehydration. They should get extra fluids. If you are pregnant or if you think that you or your child are severely dehydrated, contact your provider about how to get enough fluids. Some people who are dehydrated may need to get intravenous (IV) fluids in a hospital.</p> <p>Over-the-counter anti-diarrheal medicine might help slow down diarrhea, but do not take it without first asking your provider. There is a medicine to treat diarrhea caused by Crypto in people with healthy immune systems. You and your provider can talk about whether that medicine is right for you.</p> <h3>Can cryptosporidiosis be prevented?</h3> <p>To lower your chance of getting or spreading Crypto:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">Wash your hands</a> often with soap and water, especially after using the toilet, changing diapers, or touching animals. You also need to wash your hands before eating or preparing food. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are not effective against Crypto.</li> <li>Only drink water that you know is safe.</li> <li>Only drink milk and apple cider that have been pasteurized.</li> <li>Don't eat uncooked foods when traveling in countries where the food supply might be unsafe.</li> <li>Never go swimming when you have diarrhea.</li> <li>Don't swallow water when you go swimming.</li> <li>Use condoms or dental dams every time you have sex. This will also help prevent other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infections</a>.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Immune System Criptosporidiosis Cryptosporidiosis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Drinking Water Parasitic Diseases Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CAT scan <p>Computed tomography (CT) is a type of imaging. It uses special x-ray equipment to make cross-sectional pictures of your body. </p> <p>Doctors use CT scans to look for:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">Fractures</a> (broken bones)</li> <li> Cancers</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">Blood clots</a></li> <li> Signs of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a></li> <li> Internal bleeding</li> </ul> <p>During a CT scan, you lie still on a table. The table slowly passes through the center of a large X-ray machine. The test is painless. During some tests you receive a contrast dye, which makes parts of your body show up better in the image.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Diagnostic Tests Tomografía computarizada Tomography, X-Ray Computed Spanish Diagnostic Imaging X-Rays CAT Scans Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Videos and Tutorials Nemours Foundation Video Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Children American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF In English and Spanish Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Women Health Physics Society PDF Find an Expert Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Reference Desk Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Start Here Food and Drug Administration Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Cuidado de la vista <p>Sus ojos son una parte importante de su salud. La mayoría de las personas confía en sus ojos para ver y dar sentido al mundo que los rodea. Sin embargo, algunas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html">enfermedades de los ojos</a> pueden conducir a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">pérdida de la visión</a>, por lo que es importante identificar y tratar estas enfermedades lo antes posible. Usted debe acudir a una revisión de sus ojos tan seguido como su proveedor de atención médica lo recomiende, o si presenta nuevos problemas de la visión. Así como es importante mantener su cuerpo sano, también necesita mantener sus ojos sanos.</p> <p><strong>Sugerencias para el cuidado de los ojos</strong></p> <p>Hay cosas que puede hacer para ayudar a mantener sus ojos sanos y asegurarse de que está viendo lo mejor posible:</p><ul> <li> <strong>Coma una dieta saludable y equilibrada: </strong> Su dieta debe incluir bastantes frutas y verduras, especialmente verduras amarillas y de hojas verdes. Comer pescado rico en ácidos grasos omega-3, como el salmón, el atún y el fletán (halibut), también puede beneficiar a los ojos</li> <li><strong>Mantenga un peso saludable: </strong>Tener sobrepeso u obesidad aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes. La diabetes le pone en mayor riesgo de contraer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html">retinopatía diabética</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html">glaucoma</a></li> <li><strong>Haga ejercicio regularmente: </strong>El ejercicio puede ayudar a prevenir o controlar la diabetes, la presión arterial alta y el colesterol alto. Estas enfermedades pueden conducir a algunos problemas del ojo o de la visión. Por lo tanto, si hace ejercicio a menudo, puede reducir el riesgo de tener estos problemas</li> <li><strong>Use gafas de sol: </strong>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">exposición al sol</a> puede dañar los ojos y aumentar el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html">cataratas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html">degeneración macular relacionada con la edad</a>. Proteja sus ojos con gafas de sol que bloqueen el 99 al 100% de la radiación UVA y UVB</li> <li><strong>Use gafas protectoras: </strong>Para evitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinjuries.html">lesiones oculares</a>, usted necesita protección para los ojos, por ejemplo cuando juegue ciertos deportes, trabaje en fábricas o la construcción y haga reparaciones o proyectos en su hogar</li> <li><strong>Evite fumar: </strong>Fumar aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades de los ojos relacionadas con la edad, como la degeneración macular y cataratas; y puede dañar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opticnervedisorders.html">nervio óptico</a></li> <li><strong>Conozca su historia clínica familiar:</strong>Algunas enfermedades oculares son hereditarias, por lo que es importante averiguar si alguien en su familia las ha tenido. Esto puede ayudarle a determinar si usted está en mayor riesgo de desarrollar alguna</li> <li><strong>Conozca sus otros factores de riesgo: </strong>A medida que envejece, usted está en mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades y afecciones a los ojos relacionadas con la edad. Es importante conocer sus factores de riesgo ya que puede reducirlos si cambia algunos hábitos</li> <li><strong>Si usa lentes de contacto, tome medidas para prevenir infecciones oculares: </strong>Lávese bien las manos antes de ponerse o quitarse los lentes de contacto. Siga también las instrucciones sobre cómo limpiarlos correctamente y reemplácelos cuando sea necesario</li> <li><strong>Dé a sus ojos un descanso: </strong>Si pasa mucho tiempo frente a una computadora, puede olvidarse de parpadear, lo que puede cansar a sus ojos. Para reducir la fatiga ocular, pruebe la regla 20-20-20: Cada 20 minutos, desvíe la vista unos 20 pies (unos seis metros) delante de usted por 20 segundos</li> </ul> <p><strong>Pruebas y exámenes oculares</strong></p> <p>Todas las personas necesitan un chequeo de su visión para ver si hay problemas de ojos o de visión. Los niños generalmente tienen un examen de la vista durante un chequeo en la escuela o con su proveedor de atención médica. Los adultos también pueden recibir exámenes de la vista durante sus chequeos. Pero muchos adultos necesitan más que un examen de la visión, requieren un examen completo del ojo dilatado.</p> <p>Obtener exámenes de ojos dilatados es especialmente importante porque algunas enfermedades pueden no dar señales de advertencia. Estos exámenes son la única manera de detectar estas enfermedades en sus etapas iniciales, cuando son más fáciles de tratar. El examen incluye varias pruebas:</p><ul> <li>Una prueba de campo visual para medir su visión lateral (periférica). La pérdida de visión periférica puede ser un signo de glaucoma</li> <li>Una prueba de agudeza visual, en la que lee una tabla optométrica a unos 20 pies de distancia para comprobar qué tan bien ve a distintas distancias</li> <li>Tonometría, que mide la presión interior de su ojo. Ayuda a detectar el glaucoma</li> <li>Dilatación, que consiste en aplicar gotas para los ojos que dilatan (ensanchan) sus pupilas. Así más luz entra en el ojo. Su oftalmólogo examina sus ojos con un lente de aumento especial. Esto proporciona una clara visión de los tejidos importantes en la parte posterior del ojo, incluyendo la retina, la mácula y el nervio óptico</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html">error de refracción</a> y va a necesitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyewear.html">anteojos o lentes de contacto</a>, también tendrá un examen de refracción. Cuando usted tiene esta prueba, mira a través de un dispositivo que tiene lentes de diferentes potencias para ayudar a su profesional del cuidado de los ojos a encontrar qué lentes le darán la visión más clara.</p> <p>La edad a la que debe comenzar a someterse a estos exámenes y su frecuencia depende de muchos factores, incluyendo su edad, raza y salud en general. Por ejemplo, si usted es afroamericano, está en mayor riesgo de glaucoma y necesita someterse a los exámenes antes. Si tiene diabetes, debe hacerse un examen anual. Para averiguar si necesita estas pruebas o cuándo someterse a ellas, consulte con su proveedor de atención médica.</p> Ojos y visión Eye Care Instituto Nacional del Ojo Anteojos, lentes de contacto y protección ocular Enfermedades de los ojos Infecciones de los ojos Lesiones del ojo Ojos, Cuidado Visión, Cuidado Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Ojo PDF NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH <p>Irse a casa con un nuevo bebé es emocionante, pero también puede causarle ciertos temores. Los recién nacidos tienen muchas necesidades, como alimentarlos y cambiarles frecuentemente el pañal. Los bebés pueden tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlerhealth.html">problemas de salud </a> distintos a los de los niños de más edad o los adultos, como irritación por los pañales sucios y la costra láctea. </p> <p>El bebé pasará por muchos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html">cambios</a> durante el primer año de vida. Es posible que al principio se sienta incómoda. Si la necesita, pídale ayuda a un profesional de la salud.</p> Niños y adolescentes Infant and Newborn Care Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido Lactancia Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido Salud del niño pequeño Bebé, Cuidado del Cuidado del bebé Cólicos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión de Seguridad de los Productos para el Consumidor Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Recursos de Salud Oral Materna e Infantil PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>Los cuidados paliativos son el tratamiento para la incomodidad, los síntomas y el estrés que produce una enfermedad grave. Proporciona alivio de los síntomas problemáticos, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html">Dolor</a></li> <li>Falta de aliento</li> <li>Fatiga</li> <li>Estreñimiento</li> <li>Náusea</li> <li>Pérdida de apetito</li> <li>Problemas con el sueño</li> </ul> <p>También puede ayudarle a lidiar con los efectos secundarios de los tratamientos médicos que está recibiendo.</p> <p>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hospicecare.html">cuidados de hospicio</a>, la atención que se entrega al final de la vida, siempre incluye cuidados paliativos. Sin embargo, usted puede recibir cuidados paliativos en cualquier etapa de una enfermedad. El objetivo es hacerle sentir cómodo y mejorar su calidad de vida.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Enfermería</p> Sistemas de salud Asuntos personales de salud Palliative Care Cuidados de hospicio Dolor Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer PDF NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Enfermería NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Cuidados durante el embarazo <p>El cuidado prenatal es más que solamente los cuidados de la salud durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazo</a>. Este incluye las consultas con su proveedor de atención de salud y las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html">pruebas prenatales</a>. El cuidado prenatal puede ayudar a su bebé y a usted a mantenerse sanos. También permite al doctor prevenir y descubrir posibles problemas de salud antes, cuando el tratamiento es más efectivo. El tratamiento temprano puede curar muchos problemas y prevenir otros. </p> <p>Su doctor o partera establecerá un calendario de visitas. Si usted es mayor de 35 años o su embarazo es de alto riesgo debido a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">problemas de salud</a> como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html">diabetes</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">presión alta</a>, su doctor o partera probablemente deseará verla más seguido. También querrá verla más seguido cuando se esté acercando su fecha de parto. </p> <p class="">Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU. </p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Prenatal Care Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Embarazo Embarazo y consumo de sustancias Problemas de salud durante el embarazo Pruebas prenatales Salud y desarrollo fetal Ácido fólico Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Cuidado del paciente en estado terminal <p>El cuidado de hospicio es el cuidado para el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoflifeissues.html">final de la vida</a>. Un equipo de profesionales de la salud y voluntarios lo proveen. Ellos brindan apoyo médico, psicológico y espiritual. El objetivo de estos cuidados es ayudar a las personas que están cerca de la muerte a tener paz, comodidades y dignidad. Las personas que prestan estos cuidados tratan de controlar el dolor y otros síntomas para que el paciente permanezca lo más alerta y cómodo posible. Los programas de cuidados de hospicio también ofrecen apoyo a la familia del paciente.</p> <p>Generalmente, se espera que los pacientes en cuidados de hospicio vivan 6 meses o menos. Los cuidados de hospicio pueden prestarse en:</p> <ul> <li> El domicilio del paciente</li> <li> Un centro de cuidados de hospicio </li> <li> Un hospital </li> <li> Instalaciones de cuidados especializados </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Sistemas de salud Hospice Care Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Asuntos que enfrenta el enfermo terminal Cuidado paliativo Servicios de atención médica a domicilio Crónicos o terminales, Cuidado de enfermos Residencia de enfermos crónicos o terminales, Cuidado en Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Cuidado posparto Cuidado puerperal Cuidados de puerperio <p>Tener un bebé es uno de los momentos más felices en la vida de una mujer. Pero también presenta desafíos físicos y emocionales.:</p><ul> <li>Descanse lo máximo posible. Puede que lo único que pueda hacer sea comer, dormir y cuidar a su bebé. Y eso está bien. Tendrá pérdidas de sangre, como si tuviera un período menstrual fuera de fecha, durante casi seis semanas.</li> <li>También puede que tenga las piernas y los pies hinchados, se sienta constipada y tenga calambres. Aún si no está amamantando, puede que salga leche de sus pezones y sienta que sus pechos le duelen, están sensibles o con malestar.</li> <li>Siga las indicaciones de su médico sobre la actividad física que puede hacer en las próximas semanas, como subir escaleras y caminar.</li> <li>Los médicos normalmente recomiendan no tener relaciones sexuales de cuatro a seis semanas después del parto.</li> </ul> <p>Además de los cambios físicos, puede que se sienta triste. Si usted está muy triste o no puede cuidar de sí misma o de su bebé, puede que esté sufriendo una afección seria llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postpartumdepression.html">depresión posparto</a>.</p> <p class="">Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Dept. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.</p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Postpartum Care Depresión posparto Cuidado postparto Puerperio Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes <h3>¿Qué es la culebrilla?</h3> <p>La culebrilla o herpes zóster es una infección que causa una dolorosa erupción. Es causada por el virus de la varicela-zoster, el mismo que causa la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html">varicela</a>. Después de tener varicela, el virus permanece en su cuerpo. Puede que no cause problemas por muchos años, pero a medida que envejece, el virus puede volver a activarse y causar culebrilla.</p> <h3>¿Es contagiosa la culebrilla?</h3> <p>La culebrilla no es contagiosa. Usted no puede contagiarse de otra persona. Pero puede contraer la varicela de alguien con culebrilla si tiene contacto directo con el líquido de la erupción de la culebrilla.</p> <p>El riesgo de propagar el virus es bajo si la erupción de la culebrilla se mantiene cubierta. Las personas con culebrilla no pueden propagar el virus antes de que aparezcan las ampollas del sarpullido o después de que se formen costras.</p> <h3>¿Quién es más propenso a contraer culebrilla?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona que haya tenido varicela corre el riesgo de padecer culebrilla. Pero este riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece. La culebrilla es más común en personas mayores de 50 años.</p> <p>Las personas con sistemas inmunitarios débiles tienen un mayor riesgo de tener culebrilla. Esto incluye a aquellos que:</p> <ul> <li>Tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">enfermedades del sistema inmunitario</a> como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a></li> <li>Tienen ciertos tipos de cáncer</li> <li>Toma medicamentos que debilitan su sistema inmunitario, como corticoides y medicamentos que toma después de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">trasplante de órganos</a></li> </ul> <p>Su sistema inmunitario puede estar debilitado cuando tiene una infección o está estresado. Esto puede aumentar su riesgo de culebrilla.</p> <p>Es raro tener culebrilla más de una vez, pero puede ocurrir.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la culebrilla?</h3> <p>Los primeros signos de culebrilla incluyen ardor o dolor punzante y hormigueo o picazón. En general, se presenta a un lado del cuerpo o la cara. El dolor puede ser de leve a severo.</p> <p>Algunos días después, tendrá una erupción. Esta consiste en ampollas que generalmente duran entre 7 y 10 días. El sarpullido suele presentarse en una sola banda alrededor del lado izquierdo o derecho del cuerpo. En otros casos, la erupción aparece en un solo lado de la cara. En raras ocasiones, por lo general en personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados, la erupción puede estar más extendida. Puede parecerse a una erupción de varicela.</p> <p>Algunas personas también pueden presentar otros síntomas, como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li>Escalofríos</li> <li>Dolor abdominal</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas causa la culebrilla?</h3> <p>La culebrilla puede causar otros problemas (complicaciones):</p> <ul> <li>Neuralgia posherpética: Es la complicación más común de la culebrilla. Causa dolor intenso en las áreas donde tuvo la erupción de culebrilla. En general, mejora en unas pocas semanas o meses. Pero algunas personas pueden tener dolor por neuralgia posherpética durante muchos años y puede interferir con la vida diaria</li> <li>Si la culebrilla afecta sus ojos puede tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">pérdida de la visión</a>. Puede ser temporal o permanente</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">Problemas de audición</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html">equilibrio</a>: Son posibles si tiene culebrilla dentro o cerca de su oído. También puede tener debilidad de los músculos en ese lado de la cara. Estos problemas pueden ser temporales o permanentes</li> </ul> <p>En muy raras ocasiones, la culebrilla también puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a>, inflamación del cerebro (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html">encefalitis</a>) o la muerte.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la culebrilla?</h3> <p>En general, su proveedor de atención médica puede diagnosticar la culebrilla viendo su historia clínica y observando la erupción. En algunos casos, puede sacar una muestra del tejido de la erupción o del líquido de las ampollas y enviarla a un laboratorio para su análisis.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la culebrilla?</h3> <p>No existe una cura para la culebrilla. Los medicamentos antivirales pueden ayudar a que el brote sea más corto y menos severo. También pueden ayudar a prevenir la neuralgia postherpética. Los medicamentos son más efectivos si puede tomarlos dentro de los tres días posteriores a la aparición de la erupción. Por ello, si cree que podría tener culebrilla, hable con su proveedor de atención médica lo antes posible.</p> <p>Los analgésicos también pueden ayudar con el dolor. Una toalla fría, loción de calamina y baños de avena pueden ayudar a aliviar parte de la picazón.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la culebrilla?</h3> <p>Una vacuna, llamada Shingrix, ayuda a prevenir la culebrilla y sus complicaciones. Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades recomiendan que los adultos sanos mayores de 50 años se vacunen. Su profesional de la salud también podría recomendarle la vacuna si tiene más de 19 años y tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado. La vacuna se administra en dos dosis.</p> <p>Si tiene culebrilla, puede ayudar a prevenir la propagación del virus a otras personas al:</p> <ul> <li>Mantenerse alejado de: <ul> <li>Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados</li> <li>Personas que no hayan tenido varicela o que no hayan recibido la vacuna contra la varicela, especialmente si están embarazadas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html">Bebés prematuros</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html">de bajo peso al nacer</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Mantener la erupción cubierta</li> <li>No tocar ni rascarse la erupción</li> <li>Lavarse las manos con frecuencia</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Personas mayores Infecciones Cerebro y nervios Piel, cabello y uñas Shingles Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Varicela Herpes zoster Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Hypercortisolism <p>Cushing's syndrome is a hormonal disorder. The cause is long-term exposure to too much cortisol, a hormone that your adrenal gland makes. Sometimes, taking synthetic hormone medicine to treat an inflammatory disease leads to Cushing's. Some kinds of tumors produce a hormone that can cause your body to make too much cortisol.</p> <p>Cushing's syndrome is rare. Some symptoms are:</p><ul> <li>Upper body obesity </li> <li>Thin arms and legs</li> <li>Severe fatigue and muscle weakness</li> <li>High blood pressure</li> <li>High blood sugar</li> <li>Easy bruising</li> </ul> <p>Lab tests can show if you have it and find the cause. Your treatment will depend on why you have too much cortisol. If it is because you have been taking synthetic hormones, a lower dose may control your symptoms. If the cause is a tumor, surgery and other therapies may be needed.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Endocrine System Síndrome de Cushing Cushing Syndrome Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Adrenal Gland Disorders Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Endocrine Society Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Cushing's Support and Research Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Statistics and Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Journal Articles Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH CF <p>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease of the mucus and sweat glands. It affects mostly your lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, and sex organs. CF causes your mucus to be thick and sticky. The mucus clogs the lungs, causing breathing problems and making it easy for bacteria to grow. This can lead to repeated lung infections and lung damage. </p> <p>The symptoms and severity of CF can vary. Some people have serious problems from birth. Others have a milder version of the disease that doesn't show up until they are teens or young adults. Sometimes you will have few symptoms, but later you may have more symptoms.</p> <p>CF is diagnosed through various tests, such as gene, blood, and sweat tests. There is no cure for CF, but treatments have improved greatly in recent years. In the past, most deaths from CF were in children and teenagers. Today, with improved treatments, some people who have CF are living into their forties, fifties, or older. Treatments may include chest physical therapy, nutritional and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">respiratory therapies</a>, medicines, and exercise.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Lungs and Breathing Genetics/Birth Defects Fibrosis quística Cystic Fibrosis Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Lung Transplantation Oxygen Therapy Pulmonary Rehabilitation Related Issues Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Start Here Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Related Issues Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Living With Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Video Related Issues Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Video Living With Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Related Issues Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Start Here American Lung Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors March of Dimes Foundation Find an Expert Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Related Issues Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Living With Cystic Fibrosis Foundation PDF Living With Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH CMV <p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus found around the world. It is related to the viruses that cause chickenpox and infectious mononucleosis (mono). Between 50% and 80% of adults in the United States have had a CMV infection by age 40. Once CMV is in a person's body, it stays there for life. </p> <p>CMV is spread through close contact with body fluids. Most people with CMV don't get sick and don't know that they've been infected. But infection with the virus can be serious in babies and people with weak immune systems. If a woman gets CMV when she is pregnant, she can pass it on to her baby. Usually the babies do not have health problems. But some babies can develop lifelong disabilities.</p> <p>A blood test can tell whether a person has ever been infected with CMV. Most people with CMV don't need treatment. If you have a weakened immune system, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medicine. Good hygiene, including proper hand washing, may help prevent infections.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Citomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus Infections Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Viral Infections CMV Infections Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles <p>La vesícula biliar es un órgano con forma de pera ubicada bajo el hígado. Almacena bilis, un líquido producido por el hígado para digerir las grasas. Cuando el estómago y el intestino digieren los alimentos, la vesícula biliar libera bilis a través de un tubo denominado conducto biliar común. Ese conducto conecta a la vesícula biliar y el hígado con el intestino delgado. </p> <p> Es más probable que la vesícula cause problemas si algo obstruye el flujo de bilis por los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html">conductos biliares</a>. La causa suele ser por cálculos biliares. Los cálculos se forman cuando hay sustancias en la bilis que se endurecen. Las crisis por cálculos suelen presentarse después de las comidas. Los signos de una crisis por cálculos incluyen nauseas, vómitos o dolor en el abdomen, la espalda o debajo del brazo derecho.</p> <p>Los cálculos biliares son más comunes entre los adultos mayores, las mujeres, las personas con sobrepeso, los indígenas estadounidenses y los mexicano-estadounidenses. El tratamiento más común es la extracción de la vesícula biliar. Afortunadamente, la vesícula biliar no es un órgano imprescindible para la vida. La bilis tiene otras vías para llegar al intestino delgado.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Gallstones Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades de la vesícula biliar Biliares, Cálculos Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio estadounidense de cirujanos PDF Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>El cáncer comienza en las células, que constituyen los ladrillos del cuerpo. Normalmente, el cuerpo forma células nuevas a medida que se necesitan para reemplazar a las células envejecidas que mueren. Algunas veces, este proceso no resulta ser el esperado. Crecen células nuevas que no son necesarias y las células envejecidas no mueren cuando deberían. Estas células adicionales pueden formar una masa llamada tumor. Los tumores pueden ser benignos (no cancerosos) o malignos (cancerosos). Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html">tumores benignos</a> no son cáncer, mientras que los malignos sí lo son. Las células de los tumores malignos pueden invadir los tejidos cercanos. También pueden desprenderse y diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo. </p> <p>El cáncer no es solo una enfermedad, sino varias. Existen más de 100 tipos de cáncer. La mayoría de éstos se nombran por su lugar de origen. Por ejemplo, el cáncer de pulmón comienza en el pulmón y el cáncer de seno comienza en el seno. La diseminación de un cáncer desde una parte del cuerpo a otra se denomina metástasis. Los síntomas y el tratamiento dependen del tipo de cáncer y de lo avanzada que esté la enfermedad. La mayoría de los tratamientos incluye cirugía, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radiación</a> y/o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a>. Algunos pueden también incluir terapia hormonal, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html">inmunoterapia</a> u otros tipos de terapia biológica, o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html">trasplante de células madre</a>. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer: Viviendo con cáncer Quimioterapia para el cáncer Radioterapia Terapia alternativa para el cáncer Carcinoma Malignidad Neoplasmas Oncología Tumor Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Genética Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Genética Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estudios clínicos NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Spanish/Español Estudios clínicos Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Estudios clínicos Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Genética Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica <h3>¿Qué es el cáncer de cabeza y cuello?</h3> <p>Se llama cáncer de cabeza y cuello a los tipos de cáncer que se desarrollan en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oralcancer.html">boca</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nasalcancer.html">nariz y los senos paranasales</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglandcancer.html">glándulas salivales</a>; y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatcancer.html">garganta y la laringe</a>. La mayoría de los casos de cáncer de cabeza y cuello son cánceres de células escamosas. Comienzan en los tejidos húmedos que recubren la cabeza y el cuello. Las células cancerosas pueden propagarse a tejidos más profundos a medida que la afección crece.</p> <p>Hay otros tipos de cáncer que se desarrollan en la cabeza y el cuello, como el de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html">cerebro</a>, de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecancer.html">ojo</a> y el de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html">esófago</a>. Pero, en general, no se consideran cáncer de cabeza y cuello, porque esos tipos de cáncer y sus tratamientos son diferentes.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer de cabeza y cuello?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener cáncer de cabeza y cuello, pero es más probable que lo desarrolle si:</p> <ul> <li>Consume tabaco o bebe mucho alcohol: Su riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de cabeza y cuello es aún mayor si hace ambas cosas</li> <li>Es hombre</li> <li>Tiene más de 50 años</li> <li>Tiene antecedentes de cáncer de cabeza o cuello</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html">VPH</a> (para el cáncer en las amígdalas y la base de la lengua)</li> <li>Está expuesto a polvo de madera o ciertas otras sustancias tóxicas en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealth.html">trabajo</a> (para cáncer de garganta, nariz y senos paranasales)</li> <li>Estuvo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html">expuesto a la radiación</a> en la cabeza y el cuello (para el cáncer de las glándulas salivales)</li> <li>Tiene una infección por el virus de Epstein-Barr (EBV) (para el cáncer de la parte superior de la garganta y de las glándulas salivales)</li> <li>Es asiático (para el cáncer de garganta superior)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de cabeza y cuello?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del cáncer de cabeza y cuello pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Un bulto en el cuello</li> <li>Una llaga en la boca o la garganta que no cicatriza y puede ser dolorosa</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html">Dolor de garganta</a> que no desaparece</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">Problemas para tragar</a></li> <li>Un cambio en la voz o ronquera </li> </ul> <p>Otros posibles síntomas pueden depender del tipo específico de cáncer de cabeza y cuello.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de cabeza y cuello?</h3> <p>Los exámenes y pruebas utilizados para diagnosticar el cáncer de cabeza y cuello pueden depender del tipo específico de cáncer. Estos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Un examen físico del área que podría tener cáncer</li> <li>Análisis de sangre y/u orina</li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html">endoscopia</a></li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> u otro procedimiento para recolectar células del área donde podría haber cáncer. Las células se observan bajo un microscopio para determinar si son anormales</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">Pruebas de imagen</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de cabeza y cuello?</h3> <p>El tratamiento para el cáncer de cabeza y cuello dependerá del tipo específico de cáncer, su etapa (qué tan avanzado está el cáncer), su salud general y otros factores. Las opciones de tratamiento pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li> Cirugía </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Radioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Inmunoterapia para el cáncer</a></li> <li>Terapia dirigida, que usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan principalmente células cancerosas específicas y causan menos daño a las células normales</li> </ul> <p>En algunos casos, es posible que necesite una combinación de tratamientos. En ocasiones, la cirugía puede afectar qué tan bien puede masticar, tragar o hablar. La rehabilitación, como la fisioterapia, la asesoría dietética y la terapia del habla pueden ayudar.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de cabeza y cuello?</h3> <p>Hay medidas que puede tomar para ayudar a prevenir el cáncer de cabeza y cuello:</p> <ul> <li>No fumar</li> <li>Limitar el consumo de alcohol o no beber </li> <li>Hacerse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-dental/">exámenes dentales</a> regulares</li> <li>Hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre la vacuna contra el VPH</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Pulmón y vías respiratorias Oído, nariz y garganta Salud oral y dental Head and Neck Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de esófago Cáncer de garganta Cáncer de ojo Cáncer de tiroides Cáncer nasal Cáncer oral Enfermedades de la paratiroides Enfermedades de las glándulas salivales Cabeza, Cáncer de Cuello, Cáncer de Cáncer de la faringe Cáncer de la garganta Cáncer de la laringe Faringe, Cáncer de Garganta, Cáncer de Laringe, Cáncer de Nasal, Cáncer Orofaringe, Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Cáncer cervical Cáncer de cérvix <p>El cérvix o cuello uterino es la parte más baja del útero, es el lugar en donde crece el bebé durante el embarazo. El cáncer de cuello uterino es causado por un virus llamado virus del papiloma humano (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html">VPH</a>). Este virus se contagia por contacto sexual. El cuerpo de la mayoría de las mujeres es capaz de combatir la infección de VPH. Pero algunas veces, el virus conduce a un cáncer. Las mujeres que tienen mayor riesgo son las que fuman, las que han tenido muchos hijos, las que han utilizado pastillas anticonceptivas por mucho tiempo o las que tienen una infección por VIH. </p> <p>Es posible que en un principio, el cáncer de cuello uterino no cause síntomas, pero más adelante puede haber dolor en la pelvis o sangrado vaginal. Suele tomar varios años para que las células normales del cuello uterino se conviertan en células cancerosas. El médico puede encontrar células anormales haciendo una citología vaginal o Papanicolau (Pap) al examinar las células del cuello uterino. También, puede pedirle que se realice un examen de VPH. Si los resultados son anormales, usted necesitará una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> u otros exámenes. Hacerse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html">exámenes</a> con regularidad, permitirá a su doctor encontrar y tratar cualquier problema antes que se convierta en cáncer. </p> <p>El tratamiento puede incluir cirugía, terapia de radiación, quimioterapia o una combinación de estos. El tratamiento dependerá del tamaño del tumor, si el cáncer se ha propagado o si usted quisiera quedar embarazada más adelante. </p> <p>Las vacunas pueden proteger contra varios tipos de VPH, incluyendo algunos que causan cáncer. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Cervical Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Chequeo médico de la mujer Enfermedades del útero Pruebas y exámenes para el cáncer de cuello uterino Trastornos del cuello uterino Cuello uterino, Cáncer de Cáncer cervical Dilatación y curetaje Raspaje Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Cáncer estomacal <p>El estómago es un órgano que se ubica entre el esófago y el intestino delgado. Mezcla los alimentos con el ácido estomacal y ayuda a digerir las proteínas. El cáncer de estómago afecta principalmente a las personas mayores, dos tercios de las personas con este tipo de cáncer es mayor de 65 años. El riesgo de padecer cáncer de estómago aumenta si:</p> <ul> <li> Tiene una infección por <em><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html">Helicobacter pylori</a></em> </li> <li> Ha tenido inflamación del estómago </li> <li>Es hombre</li> <li>Come abundantes alimentos salados, ahumados o encurtidos</li> <li> Fuma cigarrillos</li> <li> Tiene antecedentes familiares de cáncer de estómago </li> </ul> <p>Es difícil diagnosticar el cáncer de estómago en sus primeras etapas. La indigestión y la molestia estomacal pueden ser síntomas de una etapa temprana del cáncer, pero otros problemas también pueden causar los mismos síntomas. En los casos avanzados, puede haber sangre en las heces, vómitos, pérdida de peso inexplicable, ictericia o dificultades para tragar. Los médicos diagnostican el cáncer de estómago con un examen físico, pruebas de sangre y de imagen, una endoscopia y una biopsia. </p> <p>Dado que con frecuencia se diagnostica tarde, puede ser difícil de tratar. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen cirugía, quimioterapia, radiación o una combinación de éstas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Sistema digestivo Stomach Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades del estómago Cáncer gástrico Estómago, Cáncer de Gástrico, Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer <p>El esófago es un tubo hueco que transporta los alimentos y los líquidos desde la garganta hasta el estómago. El cáncer de esófago en sus estadios tempranos no suele causar síntomas. Más adelante puede causar:</p><ul> <li> Dolor o dificultad para tragar</li> <li> Pérdida de peso </li> <li> Voz ronca o tos que no cesa </li> </ul> <p>Una persona está a mayor riesgo de este cáncer si fuma, toma mucho alcohol o tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">reflujo de ácido estomacal</a>. El riesgo aumenta con los años. </p> <p> Su profesional de la salud usará pruebas de imágenes para diagnosticar el cáncer de esófago. El tratamiento incluye cirugía, radiación y quimioterapia. Es posible que también necesite <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionalsupport.html">apoyo nutricional</a>, ya que el cáncer o su tratamiento pueden hacer difícil tragar los alimentos. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Sistema digestivo Oído, nariz y garganta Esophageal Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Barrett, Esófago de Esófago, Cáncer de Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad de Cirujanos Torácicos Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer <p>El cáncer de garganta es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html">cáncer de cabeza y cuello</a>. Se lo denomina de diferentes maneras dependiendo de cuál parte de la garganta es afectada. Las partes de su garganta se llaman orofaringe, hipofaringe, nasofaringe y laringe o caja laríngea. </p> <p>Los principales factores de riesgo del cáncer de garganta son el consumo de tabaco y beber alcohol en forma excesiva. Algunos tipos de cáncer de garganta tienen otros factores de riesgo. Por ejemplo, tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html">VPH</a> es un factor de riesgo del cáncer orofaríngeo. </p> <p>Los síntomas del cáncer de garganta pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor de garganta que no mejora</li> <li>Una protuberancia en el cuello</li> <li>Dolor o zumbido en los oídos</li> <li>Dificultad para tragar</li> <li>Dolor de oído</li> </ul> <p>Para diagnosticar el cáncer de garganta, los médicos pueden hacer un examen físico y de historia clínica, pruebas de imagen y una biopsia. Usted también puede necesitar otras pruebas, dependiendo del tipo de cáncer. Los tratamientos incluyen cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia. El tratamiento para algunos tipos de cáncer de garganta también puede incluir terapia dirigida. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas, causando menos daños a las células normales. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Oído, nariz y garganta Throat Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de cabeza y cuello Cáncer oral Enfermedades de la garganta Garganta, Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Cáncer óseo <p>Es raro que un cáncer empiece su desarrollo en el hueso. Es más común que el cáncer se haya diseminado al hueso desde otras partes del cuerpo. </p> <p>Existen tres tipos de cáncer óseo:</p> <ul> <li> Osteosarcoma: generalmente, se desarrolla entre los 10 y 19 años de edad y ocurre más comúnmente en la rodilla o en la parte superior del brazo </li> <li> Condrosarcoma: comienza en el cartílago, por lo general después de los 50 años de edad </li> <li> Sarcoma de Ewing: ocurre más frecuentemente en niños y adolescentes varones menores de 19 años. </li> </ul> <p>El síntoma más común del cáncer de hueso es el dolor. Otros síntomas varían dependiendo de la ubicación y el tamaño del cáncer. La cirugía suele ser el tratamiento habitual. Otros tratamientos pueden incluir amputación, quimioterapia y radiación. Debido a que el cáncer de hueso puede volver después del tratamiento, es importante que se realicen visitas regulares de seguimiento. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Bone Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades de los huesos Hueso, Cáncer de Osteorsacoma Tumor de Ewing Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Carcinoma hepatocelular Cáncer hepático <p>El hígado es el órgano de mayor tamaño dentro del cuerpo. Ayuda al organismo a digerir los alimentos, almacena energía y elimina toxinas. El cáncer hepático primario comienza en el hígado. El cáncer de hígado metastático comienza en otro lugar y se disemina al hígado. </p> <p>Los factores de riesgo de cáncer de hígado primario incluyen:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html">Hepatitis B</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html">C</a> </li> <li>Consumir grandes cantidades de alcohol </li> <li> Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html">cirrosis</a>, o cicatrización hepática</li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html">hemocromatosis</a>, una afección que causa problemas con el almacenamiento de hierro en el cuerpo</li> <li> Obesidad y diabetes </li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas pueden incluir una masa o dolor en el lado derecho del abdomen y coloración amarillenta de la piel. Sin embargo, usted puede no presentar síntomas hasta que el cáncer ya esté avanzado. Esto dificulta el tratamiento. Los doctores usan pruebas que examinan el hígado y la sangre para diagnosticar cáncer de hígado. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen cirugía, radiación, quimioterapia o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html">trasplante de hígado</a>. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Sistema digestivo Liver Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Carcinoma hepatocelular Hígado, Cáncer de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Cáncer intestinal <p>El intestino delgado forma parte del sistema digestivo. Es un tubo largo que conecta el estómago al intestino grueso. El cáncer intestinal es poco frecuente, pero las dietas ricas en grasas, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html">enfermedad de Crohn</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html">enfermedad celíaca</a> y los antecedentes de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html">pólipos en el colon</a> pueden aumentar el riesgo. </p> <p>Algunos síntomas posibles de cáncer del intestino delgado incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Dolor abdominal</li> <li>Pérdida de peso sin razón</li> <li>Presencia de sangre en las heces</li> <li>Aparición de masas en el abdomen</li> </ul> <p>Los estudios con imágenes que muestran el intestino delgado y el área que lo rodea pueden ayudar a diagnosticar el cáncer de intestino y revelar si se diseminó. </p> <p>El tratamiento más común es la cirugía. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen quimioterapia, radiación o una combinación de ambas. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Sistema digestivo Intestinal Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de estómago Cáncer del colon y del recto Intestino, Cáncer del Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH <p>Sus glándulas salivales producen saliva y la deposita en la boca a través de unas aberturas llamadas ductos. La saliva hace que la comida se humedezca, lo que ayuda a masticar y a tragar. Ayuda a digerir la comida. También limpia su boca y contiene anticuerpos que matan gérmenes. </p> <p>El cáncer de la glándula salival es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html">cáncer de cabeza y cuello</a>. Es poco común. Puede que no cause ningún síntoma o usted puede notar:</p> <ul> <li>Un bulto en su oreja, mejilla, mandíbula, labio o dentro de la boca</li> <li>Líquido que drena de su oreja</li> <li>Problemas para tragar o para abrir grande su boca</li> <li>Entumecimiento, debilidad o dolor en su cara</li> </ul> <p>Los médicos diagnostican el cáncer de glándulas salivales usando un examen físico, pruebas de imagen y una biopsia. El tratamiento puede incluir cirugía, radiación y/o quimioterapia.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Salud oral y dental Salivary Gland Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades de las glándulas salivales Glándula salival, Cáncer Salival, Cáncer en la glándula Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>La vesícula biliar es un órgano con forma de pera ubicado debajo del hígado. Almacena bilis, un líquido producido por el hígado para digerir las grasas. Cuando el estómago y el intestino digieren los alimentos, la vesícula biliar libera bilis a través de un tubo denominado conducto biliar común. Ese conducto conecta a la vesícula biliar y el hígado con el intestino delgado. </p> <p> El cáncer de la vesícula biliar es muy poco común. Ocurre más frecuente en mujeres e indios norteamericanos. Los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Ictericia (color amarillo de la piel y en las partes blancas de los ojos)</li> <li> Dolor más arriba del estomago</li> <li> Fiebre</li> <li> Náuseas y vómitos</li> <li> Hinchazón del abdomen</li> <li> Nódulos en el abdomen</li> </ul> <p> Es difícil de detectar el cáncer de la vesícula en sus etapas tempranas. Los médicos suelen encontrarlo al extirpar la vesícula por causa de otra enfermedad. Las personas con cálculos en la vesícula biliar raramente presentan este cáncer. El cáncer de la vesícula puede ser difícil de tratar porque a menudo no se detecta hasta que ya se ha desarrollado. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen la cirugía, quimioterapia, radiación o una combinación de terapias.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Sistema digestivo Gallbladder Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer <p>Sus glándulas suprarrenales se encuentran encima de cada riñón. Estas glándulas producen hormonas que son esenciales para la vida, incluyendo hormonas sexuales y cortisol, que ayuda a responder al estrés y tiene muchas otras funciones.</p> <p>Varios problemas pueden afectar a las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglandcancer.html">glándulas suprarrenales</a>, incluyendo tumores. Éstos pueden ser benignos o malignos. Los tumores benignos no son cáncer, pero sí los malignos. La mayoría de los tumores de las glándulas suprarrenales son benignos (no cancerosos). Usualmente no causan síntomas y pueden no necesitar tratamiento. Los tumores malignos (cancerosos) de glándulas suprarrenales son poco comunes. </p> <p>Los tipos de tumores incluyen:</p> <p> <ul> <li>Carcinoma de la corteza suprarrenal, un cáncer en la parte externa de la glándula</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuroblastoma.html">Neuroblastoma</a>, un tipo de cáncer que afecta a los niños</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pheochromocytoma.html">Feocromocitoma</a>, un tumor raro que usualmente es benigno.</li> </ul> </p> <p>Los síntomas dependen del tipo de cáncer que tenga. Los tratamientos pueden incluir cirugía, quimioterapia o radioterapia. </p> Cánceres Sistema endocrino Adrenal Gland Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales Adrenales, Cáncer Glándulas adrenales, Cáncer Glándulas suprarrenales, Cáncer Suprarrenales, Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>Su hígado produce un jugo digestivo llamado bilis. Su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladderdiseases.html"> vesícula biliar</a> la almacena entre comidas. Cuando come, la vesícula biliar empuja la bilis por unos tubos llamados <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html">ductos biliares</a>. Estos llevan la bilis al intestino delgado. La bilis ayuda a descomponer las grasas. También ayuda al hígado a deshacerse de toxinas y desechos.</p> <p>El cáncer de los ductos biliares es poco común. Puede ocurrir en las partes de los ductos biliares que están dentro o fuera del hígado. El cáncer de las ductos biliares afuera del hígado es mucho más común. Los factores de riesgo incluyen tener inflamación de los ductos biliares, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html">colitis ulcerativa</a> y algunas enfermedades del hígado.</p> <p>Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Ictericia</li> <li>Picazón en la piel</li> <li>Fiebre</li> <li>Dolor abdominal</li> </ul> <p>Los exámenes para diagnosticar el cáncer de ductos biliares pueden incluir un examen físico, pruebas de imagen de los conductos hepáticos y biliares, análisis de sangre y una biopsia.</p> <p>El tratamiento incluye cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Sistema digestivo Bile Duct Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de la vesícula biliar Enfermedades de los ductos biliares Ductos biliares, Cáncer de los Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Cáncer ocular <p>El cáncer de ojo es poco común. Puede afectar las partes externas del ojo, como los párpados, que están formados por músculos, piel y nervios. Si comienza en el interior del globo ocular se denomina cáncer intraocular. Los cánceres intraoculares más comunes en adultos son el melanoma y el linfoma. El cáncer de ojo más común en los niños es el retinoblastoma, que comienza en las células de la retina. El cáncer también puede diseminarse desde el ojo hasta otras partes del cuerpo.</p> <p>El tratamiento del cáncer de ojo varía según el tipo y el estado en el que se encuentre. Puede incluir cirugía, radioterapia, terapia con calor o frío o tratamiento con rayos láser.</p> Cánceres Ojos y visión Eye Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades de los ojos Enfermedades de los párpados Melanoma intraocular Ojo, Cáncer de Retinoblastoma Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Oftalmología Cáncer ovárico <h3>¿Qué es el cáncer de ovario?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a> es una enfermedad en la que células anormales en el cuerpo crecen sin control, formando un tumor. El cáncer de ovario es un tumor canceroso que se forma en los tejidos de un ovario. Los ovarios son un par de glándulas reproductivas femeninas que producen óvulos y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonas</a> femeninas.</p> <h3>¿Qué tipos de cáncer de ovario hay?</h3> <p>Existen tipos diferentes de cáncer de ovario. El tipo más común es el cáncer epitelial. Comienza en las células que recubren el ovario.</p> <p>Además, hay dos tipos relacionados de cáncer epitelial que pueden propagarse a los ovarios:</p> <ul> <li>El cáncer de trompa de Falopio se forma en el tejido que recubre una trompa de Falopio. Las trompas de Falopio son un par de tubos largos y delgados a cada lado del útero. El útero es el órgano reproductor femenino donde crece un bebé durante el embarazo</li> <li>El cáncer peritoneal primario se forma en el tejido que recubre el peritoneo, un revestimiento de tejido que cubre los órganos en el abdomen (vientre)</li> </ul> <p>Ambos tipos de cáncer son similares al de ovario y tienen los mismos tratamientos. Por ello, algunos expertos médicos también los consideran como tipos de cáncer de ovario.</p> <p>Otros tipos de cáncer de ovario menos comunes son los tumores malignos de células germinales y los tumores del estroma.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el cáncer de ovario?</h3> <p>El cáncer de ovario ocurre cuando hay cambios (mutaciones) en el material genético (ADN). A menudo, se desconoce la causa exacta de estos cambios genéticos.</p> <p>La mayoría de los cánceres de ovario son causados por cambios genéticos que ocurren durante la vida. Pero, en ocasiones, estos cambios genéticos se heredan, lo que significa que nace con ellos. El cáncer de ovario causado por cambios genéticos hereditarios se conoce como cáncer de ovario hereditario.</p> <p>También hay ciertos cambios genéticos que pueden aumentar su riesgo de cáncer de ovario, incluyendo cambios llamados BRCA1 y BRCA2. Estos dos cambios también aumentan el riesgo de cáncer de mama y de otros tipos.</p> <p>Además de la genética, su estilo de vida y el medio ambiente pueden afectar su riesgo de cáncer de ovario.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer de ovario?</h3> <p>Ciertas personas tienen más probabilidades de tener cáncer de ovario. Incluyen aquellas que:</p> <ul> <li>Tienen antecedentes familiares de cáncer de ovario en una madre, hija o hermana</li> <li>Tienen cambios hereditarios en los genes BRCA1 o BRCA2</li> <li>Tienen ciertas afecciones genéticas, como el síndrome de Lynch</li> <li>Tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endometriosis.html">endometriosis</a></li> <li>Tomaron <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">terapia de reemplazo hormonal</a></li> <li>Tienen sobrepeso u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Son altas</li> <li>Son mayores, especialmente quienes han pasado por la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">menopausia</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de ovario?</h3> <p>Es posible que el cáncer de ovario no cause signos o síntomas temprano. En el momento en que se presentan signos o síntomas, a menudo el cáncer está avanzado.</p> <p>Los signos y síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor, hinchazón o sensación de presión en el abdomen o la pelvis</li> <li>Urgencia repentina o frecuente de orinar</li> <li>Problemas para comer o sentirse lleno</li> <li>Un bulto en el área pélvica</li> <li>Problemas gastrointestinales, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html">gas</a>, hinchazón o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">estreñimiento</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de ovario?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene cáncer de ovario, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntar sobre su <strong>historia clínica</strong>, incluyendo sus síntomas</li> <li>Preguntar sobre su <strong>historia de salud familiar</strong>, incluyendo familiares que hayan tenido cáncer de ovario</li> <li>Realizar un <strong>examen físico</strong>, incluyendo un examen pélvico</li> <li>Es probable que haga <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de diagnóstico por imagen</a></strong></li> <li>Puede hacer <strong>exámenes de sangre</strong> como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-antigeno-de-cancer-125-para-cancer-de-ovario/">prueba de CA-125 en la sangre</a></li> </ul> <p>A menudo, la única manera de saber con certeza si tiene cáncer de ovario es mediante una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> del tejido. Esta se realiza durante la cirugía para extirpar el tumor.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de ovario?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para el cáncer de ovario pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cirugía</strong> para extirpar la mayor cantidad posible de cáncer</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Terapia dirigida:</strong> Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales</li> </ul> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que se realice <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">pruebas genéticas</a> para detectar cambios genéticos que aumenten el riesgo de cáncer de ovario. Saber si tiene o no el cambio genético puede ayudar a su proveedor a decidir sobre su plan de tratamiento.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Mujeres Sistema endocrino Sistema reproductor femenino Ovarian Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades de los ovarios Ovario, Cáncer de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Genética Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer <p>El cáncer de piel es la forma de cáncer más común en los Estados Unidos. Los dos tipos más comunes son el cáncer de células basales y el cáncer de células escamosas. Por lo general, se forman en la cabeza, la cara, el cuello, las manos y los brazos. Otro tipo de cáncer de piel, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/melanoma.html">melanoma</a>, es más peligroso pero menos común. </p> <p>Cualquier persona puede desarrollar cáncer de piel, pero es más común entre quienes:</p> <ul> <li> Pasan mucho tiempo bajo el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">sol</a> o sufrieron quemaduras por el sol</li> <li> Tienen piel, cabello y ojos claros </li> <li> Tienen un familiar con cáncer de piel </li> <li> Tienen más de 50 años de edad</li> </ul> <p>Debe hacer que un médico revise cualquier indicio sospechoso en la piel y cualquier cambio en el aspecto de su piel. El tratamiento tiene más probabilidades de surtir mejor efecto cuando el cáncer se detecta con anticipación. Cuando no se tratan, ciertos tipos de cáncer de piel pueden diseminarse a otros tejidos y órganos. </p> <p>Los tratamientos incluyen cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia, terapia fotodinámica (PDT, por sus siglas en inglés) y terapia biológica. La terapia fotodinámica utiliza un medicamento y un tipo de luz láser para eliminar las células cancerosas. La terapia biológica aumenta la propia capacidad del cuerpo para combatir el cáncer.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Piel, cabello y uñas Skin Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Exposición al sol Melanoma Carcinoma basocelular Carcinoma de células de Merkel Merkel, Carcinoma de las células de Piel, Cáncer de Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Dermatología Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Cáncer prostático <h3>¿Qué es el cáncer de próstata?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a> es una enfermedad en la que las células del cuerpo crecen sin control. El cáncer de próstata comienza en las células de la próstata, una glándula del sistema reproductor masculino. Esta se encuentra justo debajo de la vejiga y produce un líquido que forma parte del semen.</p> <p>El cáncer de próstata es uno de los tipos más comunes. A menudo crece muy lentamente. Si no se propaga a otras partes del cuerpo, es posible que no cause problemas graves. Pero, en ocasiones, el cáncer de próstata puede crecer rápidamente y diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo. Este tipo de cáncer de próstata es grave.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el cáncer de próstata?</h3> <p>Los investigadores no saben bien qué causa el cáncer de próstata. Sí saben que ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN).</p> <p>En ocasiones, estos cambios genéticos se heredan, lo que significa que se nacen con ellos. También hay ciertos cambios genéticos que ocurren durante la vida que pueden aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de próstata. Pero a menudo se desconoce la causa exacta de estos cambios genéticos.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer de próstata?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona que tenga próstata puede desarrollar cáncer de próstata. Pero ciertos factores pueden hacer que sea más probable su aparición:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Edad</strong>: Su probabilidad de tener cáncer de próstata aumenta a medida que envejece. El cáncer de próstata es raro en personas menores de 50 años</li> <li><strong>Historia familiar de salud</strong>: Su riesgo de cáncer de próstata es mayor si tiene un padre, un hermano o un hijo que tiene o ha tenido cáncer de próstata</li> <li><strong>Raza</strong>: Los afroamericanos son más propensos a padecer cáncer de próstata. También es más probable que:</li> <ul> <li>Tengan cáncer de próstata a una edad más temprana</li> <li>Tengan un cáncer de próstata más grave</li> <li> Puedan morir de cáncer de próstata</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de próstata?</h3> <p>El cáncer de próstata no siempre causa síntomas, especialmente al principio. Si causa síntomas, estos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html">orinar</a>, como:</li> <ul> <li>Un chorro de orina que es débil, difícil de comenzar o comienza y se detiene</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html">Necesidad repentina de orinar</a> de inmediato</li> <li> Orinar con frecuencia, especialmente por la noche</li> <li>Dolor o ardor al orinar</li> <li>Sangre en la orina o semen</li> </ul> <li>Dolor en la parte baja de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html">espalda</a>, las caderas o la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html">pelvis </a> que no desaparece</li> <li> Dolor durante la eyaculación (la expulsión de semen a través del pene durante el orgasmo)</li> </ul> <p>Pero muchos de estos síntomas pueden deberse a otros problemas comunes de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html">próstata</a> que no son cáncer, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/enlargedprostatebph.html">agrandamiento de la próstata</a>.</p> <p>Debe hablar sobre la salud de su próstata con su profesional de la salud si:</p> <ul> <li> Tiene síntomas que podrían ser cáncer de próstata</li> <li>Tienen un alto riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de próstata</li> <li>Le hicieron una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancerscreening.html">prueba de detección</a> que sugiere que podría tener cáncer de próstata</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué son las pruebas para la próstata y cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de próstata?</h3> <p>Las pruebas que detectan el cáncer de próstata incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Examen rectal digital</strong>: En este examen, su proveedor palpa su próstata en busca de bultos o cualquier cosa inusual insertando un dedo enguantado y lubricado en su recto</li> <li><strong>Prueba de sangre del antígeno prostático específico (PSA)</strong>: Un nivel alto de PSA en la sangre puede ser un signo de cáncer de próstata. Pero muchas otras cosas también pueden causar niveles altos de PSA</li> <li><strong>Pruebas de imagen</strong>: Estas pruebas pueden usar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ultrasonido </a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a> para tomar imágenes de su próstata</li> </ul> <p>Si estas pruebas muestran que es posible que tenga cáncer de próstata, el siguiente paso suele ser una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> de próstata. Una biopsia es la única manera de diagnosticar el cáncer de próstata.</p> <p>Durante una biopsia, un médico usa una aguja para extraer un poco de tejido de la prostáta. El tejido se estudia bajo un microscopio para buscar células cancerosas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de próstata?</h3> <p>En general, las opciones de tratamiento dependen de su edad, su estado general de salud y la gravedad del cáncer. El tratamiento puede incluir una o más de las siguientes opciones:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Observación</strong>: Se usa principalmente si es mayor, no es probable que su cáncer de próstata crezca rápidamente y no tiene síntomas o tiene otras afecciones médicas. Su profesional de la salud seguirá controlando su cáncer a lo largo del tiempo para ver si necesitará comenzar un tratamiento para el cáncer. Hay dos tipos de observación:</li> <ul> <li><strong>Espera vigilante</strong> significa tener pocas o ninguna prueba. Si los síntomas comienzan o cambian, recibirá tratamiento para aliviarlos, pero no para tratar el cáncer</li> <li><strong>Vigilancia activa</strong> significa hacerse pruebas periódicas para ver si su cáncer de próstata ha cambiado. Si las pruebas muestran que el cáncer está comenzando a crecer o si presenta síntomas, entonces recibirá tratamiento para tratar de curar el cáncer</li> </ul> <li>La <strong>cirugía</strong> para extirpar la próstata puede ser una opción si el cáncer no se ha propagado fuera de la próstata</li> <li>La <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a></strong> usa mucha energía para destruir las células cancerosas o evitar que crezcan</li> <li>La <strong>terapia hormonal</strong> impide que las células cancerosas obtengan las hormonas que necesitan para crecer. Puede incluir tomar medicamentos o someterse a una cirugía para extirpar los testículos</li> <li>La <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a></strong> utiliza medicamentos para destruir las células cancerosas, retrasar su crecimiento o evitar que se propaguen. Puede tomar los medicamentos por vía oral, por inyección, como crema o por vía intravenosa</li> <li>La <strong>terapia dirigida</strong> usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas. Este tratamiento causa menos daño a las células sanas que la radioterapia o la quimioterapia</li> <li>La <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html">inmunoterapia</a></strong> ayuda a su propio sistema inmunitario a combatir el cáncer</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de próstata?</h3> <p>Hacer cambios saludables en el estilo de vida puede ayudar a prevenir algunos tipos de cáncer de próstata. Estos cambios incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">peso saludable</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">No fumar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">Hacer suficiente ejercicio</a></li> <li> Consumir alimentos saludables</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Personas mayores Hombres Sistema reproductor masculino Prostate Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades de la próstata Pruebas y exámenes para el cáncer de próstata Próstata, Cáncer de Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Carcinoma broncopulmonar Cáncer pulmonar <h3>¿Qué es el cáncer de pulmón?</h3> <p>El cáncer de pulmón es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a> que se forma en los tejidos del pulmón, generalmente en las células que recubren los conductos de aire. Es la principal causa de muerte por cáncer tanto en hombres como mujeres.</p> <p>Hay dos tipos principales, <strong>cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas</strong> y <strong>cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas</strong>. Estos dos tipos crecen de manera diferente y se tratan de distinta manera. El cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas es el tipo más común.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener de cáncer de pulmón?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede desarrollar cáncer de pulmón, pero algunos factores aumentan el riesgo de tenerlo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a>: Es el factor de riesgo más importante para el cáncer de pulmón. Fumar tabaco causa cerca de nueve de cada 10 casos de cáncer de pulmón en hombres y ocho de cada 10 casos en mujeres. Mientras más años fume, y mayor sea el número de cigarrillos que fume cada día, más sube su riesgo. Su riesgo también es mayor si fuma mucho y bebe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> todos los días, o toma suplementos de betacaroteno. Si <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">deja de fumar</a>, su riesgo será menor del que tendría si hubiera seguido fumando, pero aún tendrá un mayor riesgo que aquellos que nunca han fumado</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">Humo de segunda mano</a>: También conocido como inhalación pasiva de humo, es la combinación de humo que sale de un cigarrillo y el humo que exhala un fumador. Cuando respira humo de segunda mano, está expuesto a los mismos agentes cancerígenos que los fumadores, aunque en menor cantidad</li> <li> Antecedentes familiares de cáncer de pulmón</li> <li>Estar expuesto al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html">asbesto</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arsenic.html">arsénico</a>, cromo, berilio, níquel, hollín o alquitrán en el lugar de trabajo</li> <li>Estar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html">expuesto a la radiación</a>, por ejemplo:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Radioterapia</a> en el seno o el tórax</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html">Radón</a> en el hogar o lugar de trabajo</li> <li>Ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de imagen</a> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografías computarizadas</a></li> </ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">Infección por VIH</a>: Su riesgo es mayor si tiene VIH. Sin embargo, las tasas de tabaquismo son más altas en las personas que tienen VIH, por lo que no está claro si el mayor riesgo se debe a la infección por VIH o al tabaquismo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html">Contaminación del aire</a>: Los estudios muestran que vivir en áreas con mayor nivel contaminación del aire aumenta el riesgo de cáncer de pulmón</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de pulmón?</h3> <p>Es posible que el cáncer de pulmón no cause ningún signo o síntoma hasta que esté avanzado. En ocasiones, el cáncer se encuentra durante una radiografía de tórax realizada por otro problema.</p> <p>Los síntomas de cáncer de pulmón pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor</a> o molestias en el pecho</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a> que no desaparece o que empeora con el tiempo</li> <li>Tos con sangre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a></li> <li>Sibilancias</li> <li>Ronquera</li> <li>Pérdida de apetito</li> <li>Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Sentirse muy cansado</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">Problemas para tragar</a></li> <li>Hinchazón en la cara y / o venas en el cuello.</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de pulmón?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene cáncer de pulmón, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Analizará su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Le preguntará sobre sus antecedentes familiares</li> <li>Realizará un examen físico</li> <li>Puede solicitar pruebas de imagen, como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografía</a> de tórax o una tomografía computarizada de tórax</li> <li>Puede solicitar pruebas de laboratorio, incluyendo análisis de sangre y esputo (mucosidad que se expulsa de los pulmones)</li> <li>Puede realizar un procedimiento para tomar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> de su pulmón</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene cáncer de pulmón, su profesional de la salud solicitará otras pruebas para determinar si se ha propagado a través de los pulmones, los ganglios linfáticos y el resto del cuerpo. Esto se llama estadificación. Conocer el tipo y el estadio del cáncer de pulmón que tiene ayuda a su proveedor de atención médica a decidir qué tipo de tratamiento necesita.</p> <p>Si tiene <strong>cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas</strong>, su proveedor también puede realizarle <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">pruebas genéticas</a> para buscar ciertos cambios genéticos (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/variantesytrastornos/genvariante/">variantes</a>) en sus células cancerosas. Los resultados de las pruebas pueden ayudar a guiar el tratamiento.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de pulmón?</h3> <p>Para la mayoría de los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón, los tratamientos actuales no curan el cáncer.</p> <p>Su tratamiento dependerá del tipo de cáncer de pulmón que tenga, hasta qué punto se ha propagado, su salud general y otros factores. Puede recibir más de un tipo de tratamiento.</p> <p>Los tratamientos para el <strong>cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas</strong> pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Cirugía</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></li> <li>Radioterapia</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Inmunoterapia</a></li> <li>Terapia con láser, que utiliza un rayo láser para eliminar las células cancerosas</li> <li>Colocación de stent endoscópico: Un endoscopio es un instrumento delgado en forma de tubo que se usa para observar tejidos dentro del cuerpo. Se puede usar para colocar un dispositivo llamado stent. El stent ayuda a abrir una vía aérea que ha sido bloqueada por tejido anormal</li> </ul> <p>Los tratamientos para el <strong>cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas</strong> pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Cirugía</li> <li>Radioterapia</li> <li>Quimioterapia</li> <li>Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menor daño a las células normales</li> <li>Inmunoterapia</li> <li>Terapia con láser</li> <li>Terapia fotodinámica: Utiliza un medicamento y un cierto tipo de luz láser para eliminar las células cancerosas</li> <li>Criocirugía: Utiliza un instrumento para congelar y destruir tejido anormal</li> <li>Electrocauterización: Tratamiento que utiliza una sonda o aguja calentada por una corriente eléctrica para destruir tejido anormal</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de pulmón?</h3> <p>Evitar los factores de riesgo puede ayudar a prevenir el cáncer de pulmón. Por ejemplo usted puede:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">deja de fumar</a>. Y si no fuma, no empiece</li> <li>Disminuir su exposición a sustancias peligrosas en el trabajo</li> <li>Disminuir su exposición al radón. Las pruebas de radón pueden mostrar si su hogar tiene altos niveles de este gas. Usted puede comprar un kit de prueba o contratar a un profesional para hacer la prueba</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Pulmón y vías respiratorias Lung Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Fumar Radón Cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas Cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas Nódulo pulmonar Pulmón de células pequeñas, Cáncer de Pulmón, Cáncer de Pulmón, Cáncer de células pequeñas Tumor pleural metastásico Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español CancerCare Viviendo con... Spanish/Español CancerCare Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Carcinoma pancreático Cáncer pancreático <p>El páncreas es una glándula localizada detrás del estómago y por delante de la columna. Produce jugos que ayudan a descomponer los alimentos y hormonas que ayudan a controlar los niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">azúcar en la sangre</a>. El cáncer de páncreas es la cuarta causa principal de muerte por cáncer en los Estados Unidos. Algunos factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de cáncer de páncreas incluyen:</p><ul> <li> Fumar </li> <li> Sufrir de diabetes por mucho tiempo </li> <li> Pancreatitis crónica </li> <li> Algunos trastornos hereditarios </li> </ul> <p>El cáncer de páncreas es difícil de detectar con anticipación. No causa síntomas de inmediato. Cuando los síntomas aparecen, suelen ser vagos o imperceptibles. Incluyen una coloración amarillenta de la piel y los ojos, dolor en el abdomen y la espalda, pérdida de peso y fatiga. Además, como el páncreas está oculto detrás de otros órganos, los profesionales de la salud no pueden ver ni palpar los tumores en los exámenes de rutina. Para el diagnóstico, los doctores hacen un examen físico, pruebas de sangre, exámenes de imágenes y una biopsia. </p> <p>Dado que frecuentemente se detecta tarde y se disemina rápidamente, el cáncer de páncreas puede ser difícil de tratar. Los posibles tratamientos incluyen cirugía, radiación y quimioterapia y terapia dirigida. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas, causando menos daños a las células normales.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Sistema digestivo Sistema endocrino Pancreatic Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades del páncreas Cáncer de células de los islotes Células de los islotes, Cáncer de Páncreas, Cáncer del Zollinger-Ellison, Síndrome de Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Cáncer renal <p>Usted tiene dos riñones. Los riñones son órganos del tamaño de un puño de la mano ubicados a cada lado de la columna, por arriba de la cintura. Los tubos que se encuentran dentro de ellos filtran y limpian la sangre eliminando los productos de desecho y produciendo orina. El cáncer de riñón se forma en la membrana que recubre los tubos diminutos que están dentro de los riñones. </p> <p>Este cáncer se hace más común a medida que envejecemos. Los factores de riesgo incluyen fumar, algunas enfermedades genéticas y el mal uso de analgésicos por períodos prolongados. </p> <p>Es probable que las personas con cáncer de riñón no tengan síntomas al principio de la enfermedad pero van apareciendo a medida que el cáncer crece. Consulte a su médico si observa:</p><ul> <li> Sangre en la orina</li> <li> Un bulto en el abdomen </li> <li>Pérdida de peso sin razón</li> <li>Dolor en el costado que no desaparece </li> <li> Pérdida del apetito </li> </ul> <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">pruebas</a> para detectar cáncer de riñón incluyen exámenes de sangre, orina y de imagen. Usted también puede necesitar una biopsia.</p> <p>El tratamiento depende de la edad, el estado general de salud y de cuán avanzado esté el cáncer. Podría incluir cirugía, quimioterapia o radiación, terapia biológica o dirigida. La terapia biológica estimula la capacidad del cuerpo para combatir el cáncer. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Riñones y sistema urinario Kidney Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades de los riñones Tumor de Wilms Carcinoma de células renales Cáncer renal Renal, Cáncer Riñón, Cáncer de Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Genética Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Cáncer de mama Cáncer de pecho <h3>¿Qué es el cáncer de mama?</h3> <p>El cáncer de mama es un cáncer que comienza en el tejido mamario. Ocurre cuando las células de la mama cambian y crecen sin control. Estas células suelen formar un tumor.</p> <p>En ocasiones, la propagación del cáncer se detiene. A esto se le llama "in situ". Si el cáncer se disemina fuera de la mama, el cáncer se denomina "invasivo". Es posible que solo se disemine a los tejidos y los ganglios linfáticos cercanos. O el cáncer puede hacer metástasis (propagarse a otras partes del cuerpo) a través del sistema linfático o la sangre.</p> <p>El cáncer de mama es el segundo tipo de cáncer más común en mujeres en los Estados Unidos. En raras ocasiones, también puede afectar a hombres.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de cáncer de mama?</h3> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de cáncer de mama. Estos tipos se basan en qué células mamarias se convierten en cáncer. Los tipos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Carcinoma ductal</strong>: Comienza en las células de los conductos. Es el tipo más común</li> <li><strong>Carcinoma lobulillar</strong>: Comienza en los lobulillos. Se encuentra con más frecuencia en ambas mamas que otros tipos de cáncer de mama</li> <li><strong>Cáncer de mama inflamatorio</strong>: En este tipo, las células cancerosas bloquean los vasos linfáticos de la piel de la mama. El seno se calienta, se enrojece y se hincha. Es un tipo raro</li> <li><strong>Enfermedad de Paget de seno</strong>: Cáncer que afecta la piel del pezón. En general, también afecta la piel más oscura alrededor del pezón. También es raro</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa el cáncer de mama?</h3> <p>El cáncer de mama ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN). A menudo, se desconoce la causa exacta de estos cambios genéticos.</p> <p>Sin embargo, en ocasiones estos cambios genéticos se heredan, lo que significa que se nace con ellos. El cáncer de seno causado por cambios genéticos heredados se denomina cáncer de mama hereditario.</p> <p>También existen ciertos cambios genéticos que pueden aumentar su riesgo de cáncer de mama, incluidos los cambios en los genes <i>BRCA1</i> y <i>BRCA2</i>. Ambos cambios también aumentan el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancancer.html">cáncer de ovario</a> y otros tipos de cáncer.</p> <p>Además de la genética, su estilo de vida y el medio ambiente pueden afectar su riesgo de cáncer de mama.</p> <h3>¿Quiénes corren riesgo de tener cáncer de mama?</h3> <p>Los factores que aumentan su riesgo de cáncer de seno incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Edad avanzada</li> <li>Historial de cáncer de mama o enfermedad benigna (no cancerosa) de la mama</li> <li>Riesgo heredado de cáncer de mama, incluyendo la aparición de cambios en los genes BRCA1 y BRCA2</li> <li>Tejido mamario denso</li> <li>Un historial reproductivo que lleva a una mayor exposición a la hormona estrógeno, incluyendo:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">Menstruar</a> a una edad temprana</li> <li>Tener mayor edad al dar a luz por primera vez o nunca haber dado a luz</li> <li>Comenzar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">menopausia</a> a una edad más avanzada</li> </ul> <li>Recibir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">terapia hormonal</a> para los síntomas de la menopausia</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Radioterapia</a> en el pecho </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a></li> <li>Beber <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los signos y síntomas del cáncer de mama?</h3> <p>Los signos y síntomas del cáncer de seno incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Un bulto nuevo o engrosamiento en el seno, o cerca de éste, o en la axila</li> <li>Un cambio en el tamaño o la forma de la mama</li> <li>Un hoyuelo o arrugas en la piel del seno. Puede parecer la piel de una naranja</li> <li>Un pezón vuelto hacia adentro en el seno</li> <li>Secreción del pezón que no es leche materna. La secreción puede ocurrir de repente, ser sanguinolenta o suceder solo en un seno</li> <li>Piel escamosa, enrojecida o inflamada en el área del pezón o en la mama</li> <li>Dolor en cualquier parte de la mama</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de mama?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar el cáncer de mama y determinar el tipo:</p> <ul> <li>Un examen físico, incluyendo un examen clínico de los senos. Esto implica verificar si hay bultos o cualquier otra cosa que parezca inusual en los senos y las axilas</li> <li>Historia clínica</li> <li>Pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes, como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mammography.html">mamografía</a>, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ecografía </a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-seno/">Biopsia de mama</a></li> <li>Pruebas de química sanguínea que miden diferentes sustancias en la sangre, incluyendo electrolitos, grasas, proteínas, glucosa (azúcar) y enzimas. Algunas de las pruebas químicas específicas de la sangre incluyen un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-basico/">panel metabólico básico</a>, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-completo-pmc/">panel metabólico completo</a> y un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ionograma/">análisis de electrolitos</a></li> </ul> <p>Si estas pruebas muestran que tiene cáncer de mama, se le realizarán exámenes para estudiar las células cancerosas. Estas pruebas ayudan a su médico a decidir qué tratamiento sería mejor para usted. Las pruebas pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">Pruebas genéticas</a> para cambios genéticos en los genes<i> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-brca/">BRCA</a></i> y <i> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-genetica-tp-53-proteina-tumoral-53/">TP 53</a></i></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cancer-de-seno-her2/">Prueba HER2</a>: La HER2 es una proteína involucrada en el crecimiento celular. Está en el exterior de todas las células mamarias. Si las células de su cáncer de mama tienen más HER2 de lo normal, pueden crecer más rápidamente y diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo</li> <li>Una prueba de receptor de estrógeno y progesterona. Esta prueba mide la cantidad de receptores de estrógeno y progesterona (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonas</a>) en el tejido canceroso. Si hay más receptores de lo normal, el cáncer se llama receptor de estrógeno y/o progesterona positivo. Este tipo de cáncer de mama puede crecer más rápidamente</li> </ul> <p>Otro paso es la estadificación del cáncer. La estadificación implica realizar pruebas para determinar si el cáncer se ha diseminado dentro de la mama o a otras partes del cuerpo. Las pruebas pueden incluir otras pruebas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">diagnóstico por imágenes</a> y una biopsia de ganglio linfático centinela. Esta biopsia se realiza para ver si el cáncer se ha propagado a los ganglios linfáticos.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de mama?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para el cáncer de mama incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cirugía, como:</li> <ul> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mastectomy.html">mastectomía</a>, que extirpa todo el seno</li> <li>Una tumorectomía para extirpar el cáncer y parte del tejido normal que lo rodea, pero no la mama en sí</li> </ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Radioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></li> <li>Terapia hormonal: Esta impide que las células cancerosas obtengan las hormonas que necesitan para crecer</li> <li>Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Inmunoterapia</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de mama?</h3> <p>Es posible que pueda ayudar a prevenir el cáncer de mama haciendo cambios saludables en su estilo de vida, como:</p> <ul> <li>Mantener un peso saludable</li> <li>Limitar el consumo de alcohol</li> <li>Hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">suficiente ejercicio</a></li> <li>Limitar su exposición al estrógeno al:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html">Amamantar </a>a sus bebés si puede</li> <li>Limitar la terapia hormonal</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Si tiene un alto riesgo, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que tome ciertos medicamentos para reducir el riesgo. Algunas mujeres con un riesgo muy alto pueden decidir hacerse una mastectomía (de sus senos sanos) para prevenir el cáncer de mama.</p> <p>También es importante hacerse mamografías con regularidad. Es posible que puedan identificar el cáncer de mama en las primeras etapas, cuando es más fácil de tratar.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Breast Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de seno en el hombre Enfermedades del seno Mamografía Mastectomía Reconstrucción del seno Cáncer de mama Mama, Cáncer de Seno, Cáncer de Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Susan G. Komen Contra el Cáncer del Seno PDF Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias CancerCare Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Susan G. Komen Contra el Cáncer del Seno PDF Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Fundación Susan G. Komen Contra el Cáncer del Seno PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Genética Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Cáncer de pecho en el hombre Cáncer de seno masculino <p>Aunque el cáncer de mama es mucho más común en las mujeres, los hombres también pueden tenerlo. Ocurre con mayor frecuencia entre los hombres de 60 y 70 años. </p> <p>Generalmente, unos bultos en los pechos no son cáncer. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los hombres con cáncer de seno, presentan bultos. Otros síntomas incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Piel con hoyuelos o arrugada</li> <li>Pezón o piel rojo o escamoso</li> <li>Secreción de líquido</li> </ul> <p>Los factores de riesgo para el cáncer de seno en los hombres incluyen la exposición a radiación, antecedentes familiares de cáncer de seno y altos niveles de estrógeno, que puede presentarse con enfermedades como la cirrosis o el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/klinefeltersyndrome.html">síndrome de Klinefelter</a>. </p> <p>El tratamiento del cáncer de seno en hombres suele ser una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mastectomy.html">mastectomía</a>, que es una cirugía para extirpar el seno. Otros tratamientos incluyen radiación, quimioterapia y/o terapia hormonal. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Hombres Male Breast Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Hombre, Cáncer de mama en Mama, Cáncer en el hombre Seno, Cáncer en el hombre Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Cáncer testicular <h3>¿Qué es el cáncer testicular?</h3> <p>El cáncer testicular es un cáncer que se desarrolla en los tejidos de uno o ambos testículos. Los testículos son parte del sistema reproductivo del hombre. Producen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonas</a> masculinas y esperma. Son dos glándulas con forma de huevo dentro del escroto, un saco de piel suelta ubicado debajo del pene. Se puede tener cáncer en uno o ambos testículos.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer testicular?</h3> <p>El cáncer testicular es muy raro. Puede contraerlo a cualquier edad, pero es más común en hombres entre 20 y 39 años. También es más común en una persona que:</p> <ul> <li>Ha tenido un desarrollo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testiculardisorders.html">testicular</a> anormal</li> <li>Ha tenido un testículo no descendido, una afección en la que uno o ambos testículos no bajan al escroto antes del nacimiento</li> <li>Tuvo cáncer de testículo antes</li> <li>Tiene antecedentes familiares de cáncer</li> <li>Es caucásico</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer testicular?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del cáncer testicular pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Un bulto que no duele o hinchazón en cualquiera de los testículos</li> <li>Un cambio en cómo se siente el testículo</li> <li>Un dolor sordo en la parte inferior del abdomen (vientre) o en la ingle (el área donde el muslo se une con el abdomen)</li> <li>Una acumulación repentina de líquido en el escroto</li> <li>Dolor o malestar en un testículo o en el escroto</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer testicular?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene cáncer testicular, su profesional de la salud puede usar:</p> <ul> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Análisis de sangre</li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ecografía</a> de testículos</li> <li>Una orquiectomía inguinal, un procedimiento para extirpar todo el testículo. Una muestra de tejido del testículo se observa bajo un microscopio para detectar células cancerosas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer testicular?</h3> <p>Por lo general, el cáncer de testículo se puede curar. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cirugía (si el testículo aún no se ha extirpado durante el diagnóstico)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Radioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></li> <li>Quimioterapia de dosis alta con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html">trasplante de células madre</a></li> <li>Vigilancia, que puede realizarse después de la cirugía. Esta significa que su profesional de la salud seguirá de cerca su afección con exámenes y pruebas regulares. No recibirá tratamiento adicional a menos que haya cambios en los resultados de su prueba</li> </ul> <p>Algunos de los tratamientos también pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html">infertilidad</a>. Si es posible que desee tener hijos más adelante, debe considerar un banco de esperma antes del tratamiento.</p> <p>Una vez haya terminado su tratamiento, necesitará pruebas de seguimiento periódicas para asegurarse de que el cáncer no haya regresado. Si ha tenido cáncer en un testículo, tiene un mayor riesgo de tener cáncer en el otro testículo. Por ello, es importante revisar el otro testículo con regularidad e informar a su proveedor de atención médica si nota algún cambio o síntoma inusual.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Sistema endocrino Hombres Sistema reproductor masculino Testicular Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades de los testículos Testículo, Cáncer de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer <p>El timo es un pequeño órgano ubicado en la parte superior del pecho, por debajo del esternón. Antes del nacimiento y en la infancia, el timo ayuda a producir un tipo de glóbulos blancos. Estas células ayudan a protegerlo contra las infecciones.</p> <p>El cáncer del timo es poco frecuente. Tiene más probabilidades de tener uno si tiene otras enfermedades como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myastheniagravis.html">miastenia grave</a>, lupus o artritis reumatoide. Algunas veces no presenta síntomas. Otras veces, el cáncer de timo puede causar:</p> <ul> <li> Tos persistente</li> <li>Dolor en el pecho</li> <li> Dificultades para respirar </li> </ul> <p>Los médicos utilizan un examen físico, pruebas de imagen y una biopsia para diagnosticar el cáncer de timo. El tratamiento más común es la cirugía para extirpar el tumor. Otras opciones incluyen la radioterapia, quimioterapia y terapia hormonal.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Sistema inmunitario Sistema endocrino Thymus Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Timo, Cáncer de Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <h3>¿Qué es el cáncer de tiroides?</h3> <p>El cáncer de tiroides comienza en los tejidos de la tiroides. La tiroides es una glándula pequeña con forma de mariposa en la parte frontal de su cuello. Produce <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonas</a> que controlan la forma en que el cuerpo utiliza la energía. Estas hormonas afectan a casi todos los órganos del cuerpo y controlan muchas de sus funciones más importantes. Por ejemplo, afectan la respiración, el ritmo cardíaco, el peso, la digestión y el estado de ánimo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de cáncer de tiroides?</h3> <p>Hay diferentes tipos de cáncer de tiroides; los principales incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cáncer diferenciado de tiroides, incluyendo cáncer papilar y folicular de tiroides</li> <li>Cáncer de tiroides medular</li> <li>Cáncer de tiroides anaplásico</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer de tiroides?</h3> <p>Ciertas personas tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer de tiroides. Su riesgo es mayor si usted:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene entre 25 y 65 años</li> <li>Es mujer</li> <li>Es asiático</li> <li>Estuvo expuesto a ciertos tipos de radiación, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a> en la cabeza o cuello cuando era niño o de una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationemergencies.html">emergencia de radiación</a></li> <li>Ha tenido bocio (tiroides agrandada)</li> <li>Tiene ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">afecciones genéticas</a>, incluyendo ciertos tipos de neoplasia endocrina múltiple</li> <li>Tiene antecedentes familiares de cáncer de tiroides o enfermedad de la tiroides</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de tiroides?</h3> <p>Es posible que el cáncer de tiroides no cause síntomas al principio. En ocasiones, se encuentra durante un examen físico de rutina. Es posible que tenga signos o síntomas a medida que el cáncer crece. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Un bulto (nódulo) en el cuello</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">Problemas para tragar</a></li> <li>Dolor al tragar</li> <li>Ronquera u otros cambios en su voz que no mejoran</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de tiroides?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene cáncer de tiroides, su profesional de la salud puede usar:</p> <ul> <li>Un examen físico, que incluye revisar su cuello en busca de inflamación, bultos o cualquier cosa que parezca inusual</li> <li>Su historia clínica</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html">Pruebas de tiroides</a></li> <li>Otras pruebas de sangre o de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">imágenes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">Biopsia</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de tiroides?</h3> <p>El tratamiento para el cáncer de tiroides depende del tipo de cáncer que tenga y de si el cáncer se ha diseminado. A menudo, se puede necesitar más de un tipo de tratamiento. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cirugía</li> <li>Radioterapia, incluyendo terapia con yodo radiactivo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></li> <li>Terapia con hormonas tiroideas</li> <li>Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales</li> <li>Espera vigilante: También llamada observación cautelosa. Significa que no recibe tratamiento de inmediato. Usted se observa regularmente para ver si sus signos o síntomas aparecen o cambian</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Oído, nariz y garganta Sistema endocrino Thyroid Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades de la tiroides Tiroides, Cáncer de Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Americana de la Tiroides PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de la Tiroides Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de la Tiroides Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de la Tiroides PDF Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Síntomas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Americana de la Tiroides Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Cáncer vaginal Tumor vaginal <h3>¿Qué es el cáncer de vagina?</h3> <p>El cáncer de vagina (o cáncer vaginal) es un tipo poco común de cáncer que comienza en la vagina. La vagina es el conducto que va desde el cuello uterino (la abertura del útero) hasta el exterior del cuerpo.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer vaginal?</h3> <p>Tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer de vagina si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene 60 años o más</li> <li>Ha tenido infecciones por ciertos tipos de virus del papiloma humano (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html">VPH</a>)</li> <li>Estuvo expuesta a un medicamento llamado DES (dietilestilbestrol) antes de nacer. Entre 1940 y 1971, a veces se recetaba DES para prevenir abortos espontáneos. Posteriormente, el DES se relacionó con diferentes problemas de salud, incluyendo cáncer vaginal</li> <li>Ha tenido células anormales en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginaldiseases.html">vagina</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervixdisorders.html">cuello uterino</a> o el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html">útero</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer de vagina?</h3> <p>A menudo, el cáncer de vagina no presenta síntomas tempranos. Sin embargo, consulte a su profesional de la salud si nota:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html">Sangrado vaginal</a> que no es su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">menstruación</a></li> <li>Un bulto vaginal</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html">Dolor pélvico</a></li> <li>Dolor durante relaciones sexuales</li> <li>Dolor al orinar</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">Estreñimiento</a> o sangre en las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">heces</a> (deposiciones) u orina</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de vagina?</h3> <p>Para averiguar si tiene cáncer vaginal, su profesional de la salud usará pruebas para examinar la vagina y otros órganos de su pelvis. Estas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html">Examen pélvico</a>: Su proveedor también puede realizar una prueba de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-papanicolaou/">Papanicolaou</a> y/o una prueba de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-del-papiloma-humano-vph/">VPH</a> durante su examen pélvico</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/colposcopia/">Colposcopia</a>: Procedimiento para examinar su cuello uterino, vagina y vulva</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">Biopsia</a>: Procedimiento para extraer algunas células para que puedan analizarse en busca de cáncer</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de vagina?</h3> <p>Con frecuencia, el cáncer vaginal se puede curar si se detecta temprano. Los tratamientos pueden incluir cirugía, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a> y/o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a>.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de vagina?</h3> <p>Las vacunas que protegen contra la infección por VPH pueden reducir el riesgo de cáncer vaginal. Las vacunas brindan la mayor protección si se las aplica antes de exponerse al VPH. Por ello, es mejor vacunarse antes de iniciar la actividad sexual.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Vaginal Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de vulva Vagina, Cáncer de Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Carcinoma de células transicionales de la vejiga Cáncer vesical <p>La vejiga es un órgano hueco en la parte inferior del abdomen donde se almacena la orina. El cáncer de vejiga ocurre en la membrana interna de la vejiga. Es el sexto tipo más común de cáncer en los Estados Unidos.</p> <p>Los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Sangre en la orina</li> <li> Urgencia frecuente de orinar </li> <li> Dolor al orinar </li> <li> Dolor en la parte baja de la espalda </li> </ul> <p>Los factores de riesgo incluyen fumar y la exposición a ciertas sustancias químicas en el ambiente de trabajo. Las personas que tienen antecedentes familiares de cáncer de vejiga y de edad madura, son de raza blanca o sexo masculino tienen un mayor riesgo.</p> <p>Los tratamientos contra el cáncer de vejiga incluyen la cirugía, radiación, quimioterapia y terapia biológica. La terapia biológica o inmunoterapia estimula la capacidad de su propio cuerpo para combatir el cáncer.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Riñones y sistema urinario Bladder Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades de la vejiga Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Cáncer del periné <p>El cáncer de la vulva es un tipo raro de cáncer. Se forma en los genitales externos de la mujer, llamados vulva. El cáncer crece en forma lenta por varios años. Primero, las células precancerosas crecen en la piel de la vulva. Esto se denomina neoplasia intraepitelial vulvar o displasia. No todos los casos de neoplasia intraepitelial vulvar se convierten en cáncer, pero es mejor tratarlos temprano. </p> <p>Muchas veces, el cáncer de vulva no tiene síntomas al principio. Sin embargo, consulte a su médico para que le haga un análisis si observa:</p> <ul> <li> Un bulto en la vulva </li> <li> Picazón o dolor en la vulva </li> <li> Hemorragia fuera de la menstruación </li> <li>Cambios es la piel de la vulva, como color diferente o crecimientos que parecen verrugas o úlceras </li> </ul> <p>Usted está en mayor riesgo si ha tenido una infección por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html">virus del papiloma humano</a> (VPH) o tiene un historial de verrugas genitales. Su proveedor de salud diagnostica cáncer de vulva con un examen físico y una biopsia. El tratamiento varía, dependiendo del estado general de su salud y del estado del cáncer. Puede incluir cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia o terapia biológica. La terapia biológica potencia la propia capacidad del cuerpo para luchar contra el cáncer. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Vulvar Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de vagina Enfermedades de la vagina Enfermedades de la vulva Vulva, Cáncer de Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Cáncer uterino <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html">útero</a> o matriz es el lugar donde se desarrolla el bebé cuando una mujer está embarazada. Existen diferentes tipos de cáncer de útero. El más común comienza en el endometrio, la membrana que recubre el útero. A este cáncer también se le llama cáncer de endometrio. </p> <p>Los síntomas del cáncer uterino incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html">Hemorragia</a> o secreción vaginal anormal</li> <li> Dificultades para orinar </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html">Dolor pélvico</a></li> <li> Dolor durante las relaciones sexuales </li> </ul> <p>El cáncer uterino suele ocurrir después de la menopausia. Es más común en mujeres que tienen obesidad. Usted también puede estar en mayor riesgo si recibió <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">Terapia de reemplazo hormonal</a> solo con estrógeno (terapia hormonal para la menopausia) por muchos años. </p> <p> Las pruebas para encontrar cáncer de útero incluyen un examen pélvico, pruebas de imagen y una biopsia. El tratamiento más común es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hysterectomy.html">histerectomía</a>, que es una cirugía para extirpar el útero. A veces la cirugía también extrae los ovarios y las trompas de Falopio. Otros tratamientos incluyen la terapia hormonal, radioterapia y quimioterapia. Algunas mujeres reciben más de un tratamiento. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Uterine Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Chequeo médico de la mujer Cáncer de cuello uterino Enfermedades del útero Histerectomía Cáncer de endometrio Dilatación y curetaje Endometrio, Cáncer Raspaje Útero, Cáncer de Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Cáncer anal <h3>¿Qué es el cáncer de ano?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html">ano</a> es el orificio al final de su intestino grueso. Es por donde las heces salen del cuerpo. El ano es formado en parte por las capas externas de piel y por el intestino. El cáncer anal es un tipo de cáncer que se forma en los tejidos del ano.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer de ano?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede desarrollar cáncer de ano, pero es más probable si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene una infección por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html">VPH</a> de alto riesgo, especialmente si tiene ciertos tipos. La mayoría de los casos de cáncer anal están relacionados con la infección por VPH</li> <li>Tiene un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario debilitado</a>, debido a afecciones como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> o por medicamentos que debe tomar después de un trasplante de órgano</li> <li>Ha tenido cáncer de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html">vulva</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalcancer.html">vagina</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html">cuello uterino</a></li> <li>Tiene muchas parejas sexuales</li> <li>Tiene sexo anal</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fuma cigarrillos</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer anal?</h3> <p>Los signos y síntomas del cáncer anal pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Sangrado por el ano o el recto</li> <li>Un bulto cerca del ano</li> <li>Dolor o presión en el área alrededor del ano</li> <li>Picazón o secreción del ano</li> <li>Un cambio en los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html">hábitos intestinales</a>, como heces más estrechas, tener que defecar con más frecuencia o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelincontinence.html">incontinencia fecal</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer de ano?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene cáncer de ano, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Analizará su historia clínica</strong>, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li><strong>Consultará sobre sus antecedentes familiares de salud</strong></li> <li><strong>Puede realizar un tacto rectal, un examen del ano y el recto.</strong> Para el examen, su proveedor insertará un dedo enguantado y lubricado en la parte inferior del recto para detectar bultos o cualquier otra cosa que parezca inusual</li> <li><strong>Puede solicitar pruebas que examinen el ano y el recto</strong>, como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anoscopia/">Anoscopia</a>: Examen del ano y la parte inferior del recto utilizando un tubo corto y con una luz llamado anoscopio. También existe un tipo de examen llamada anoscopia de alta resolución. Utiliza un dispositivo de aumento especial llamado colposcopio junto con el anoscopio para observar estas áreas</li> <li>Proctoscopia: Procedimiento para observar el interior del recto y el ano utilizando un instrumento delgado en forma de tubo con una luz y una lente</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">Ecografía</a> endoanal o endorrectal: Procedimiento en el que se inserta una sonda de ultrasonido en el recto</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Hacer una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a></strong> durante una anoscopia o proctoscopia</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer de ano?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para el cáncer de ano incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a> y cirugía. El tratamiento que reciba dependerá de qué tan avanzado esté el cáncer, su salud general y sus preferencias.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer de ano?</h3> <p>Es posible que pueda reducir su riesgo de contraer cáncer anal al vacunarse contra el VPH y no fumar. Consulte con su profesional de la salud si necesita ayuda para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar de fumar</a>.</p> <p>Actualmente no se sabe si el uso de condones puede prevenir las infecciones anales por VPH. Pero usar condones de látex cada vez que tiene relaciones sexuales puede ayudar a prevenir el VIH, un factor de riesgo de cáncer anal. También ayudan a prevenir otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">infecciones de transmisión sexual</a>. Si usted o su pareja son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgicos al látex</a>, puede usar condones de poliuretano.</p> <p>Si es un adulto con VIH, es importante hacerse una prueba de detección de cáncer de ano todos los años. La prueba busca cualquier cosa que parezca inusual, como bultos, ardor y células precancerosas (células que podrían convertirse en cáncer). La evaluación incluye un examen de tacto rectal. Si se encuentra algo inusual, se le realizará una anoscopia o una anoscopia de alta resolución.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Sistema digestivo Anal Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer del colon y del recto Enfermedades del ano Anal, Cáncer Ano, Cáncer Cáncer anal Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto Cáncer colorrectal <h3>¿Qué es el cáncer colorrectal?</h3> <p>El cáncer colorrectal es un cáncer que se desarrolla en los tejidos del colon o del recto. Su colon y recto son parte de su sistema digestivo:</p> <ul> <li>El colon es la primera y más larga parte de su intestino grueso. Absorbe agua y algunos nutrientes de los alimentos. También convierte los productos de desecho sobrantes en heces (excremento)</li> <li>El recto es la parte inferior de su intestino grueso. Es donde su cuerpo almacena las heces</li> </ul> <p>El cáncer que comienza en el colon se llama cáncer de colon y el que comienza en el recto se llama cáncer de recto. El cáncer que afecta cualquiera de estas partes también puede llamarse cáncer colorrectal.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el cáncer colorrectal?</h3> <p>El cáncer colorrectal ocurre cuando hay <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/variantesytrastornos/genvariante/">cambios en su material genético (ADN)</a>. Estos cambios también se conocen como mutaciones o variantes. A menudo, los cambios genéticos que conducen al cáncer colorrectal ocurren durante la vida y se desconoce la causa exacta. Pero ciertos cambios genéticos que aumentan su riesgo de cáncer colorrectal se heredan, es decir, usted nace con ellos.</p> <p>Además de la genética, otros factores, incluyendo su estilo de vida y el medio ambiente, pueden afectar su riesgo de cáncer colorrectal.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer colorrectal?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener cáncer colorrectal, pero ciertos factores aumentan su riesgo de desarrollarlo:</p> <ul> <li>Ser mayor: Su riesgo de tener cáncer colorrectal aumenta a medida que envejece</li> <li>Tener antecedentes personales o familiares de cáncer colorrectal</li> <li>Tener antecedentes de adenomas: Estos son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html">pólipos</a> (crecimientos) colorrectales que se ven anormales bajo un microscopio o miden 1 centímetro o más. Los adenomas no son cáncer, pero a veces pueden convertirse en cáncer con el tiempo</li> <li>Tener un síndrome genético como la poliposis adenomatosa familiar o síndrome de Lynch (cáncer colorrectal hereditario sin poliposis)</li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html">colitis ulcerosa</a> crónica o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html">enfermedad de Crohn</a> durante 8 años o más</li> <li>Tomar 3 o más <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">bebidas alcohólicas</a> al día</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a></li> <li>Ser afrodescendiente: Las personas de raza negra tienen un mayor riesgo de cáncer colorrectal y de muerte por cáncer colorrectal en comparación con otras razas</li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer colorrectal?</h3> <p>Es posible que el cáncer colorrectal no siempre cause síntomas, especialmente al principio. Si tiene síntomas, podrían incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Un cambio en los hábitos intestinales que dura más de unos pocos días, como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">Estreñimiento</a></li> <li>Sensación de que el intestino no se vacía por completo</li> <li>Sus heces son más delgadas o tienen una forma diferente a la habitual</li> </ul> </li> <li>Sangre (ya sea de color rojo brillante o muy oscuro) en las heces</li> <li>Dolores frecuentes por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html">gases</a>, hinchazón, plenitud o calambres</li> <li>Pérdida de peso sin motivo aparente</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué es la detección del cáncer colorrectal y quién la necesita?</h3> <p>Debido a que el cáncer colorrectal puede no causar síntomas al principio, es importante hacerse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-deteccion-de-cancer-colorrectal/">pruebas de detección del cáncer colorrectal</a>. Estas pruebas buscan signos de una enfermedad antes de que tenga algún síntoma. Pueden ayudar a encontrar el cáncer temprano, cuando puede ser más fácil de tratar.</p> <p>La mayoría de los expertos recomiendan comenzar las pruebas de detección a los 45 años y continuar hasta al menos los 75 años. Los mayores de 75 años y quienes tienen un alto riesgo deben hablar con sus profesionales de la salud sobre la frecuencia con la que deben hacerse pruebas de detección y qué tipo de prueba deben hacerse.</p> <p>Los tipos de pruebas incluyen diferentes análisis de heces y procedimientos como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">colonoscopias</a> y sigmoidoscopia flexible. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre la frecuencia con la que necesita exámenes de detección y qué tipo de prueba debe hacerse.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer colorrectal?</h3> <p>Si tiene síntomas que podrían ser causados por cáncer colorrectal, o si los resultados de su prueba de detección son anormales, es posible que deba hacerse más exámenes para determinar si tiene cáncer. Las posibles pruebas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Examen físico</li> <li>Examen rectal digital: Para esta prueba, su profesional de la salud inserta un dedo enguantado y lubricado en su recto para palpar bultos o cualquier cosa inusual</li> <li>Las pruebas que también se utilizan para detección (colonoscopia, análisis de heces, etc.) y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a>, si aún no se las ha hecho</li> <li>Otras pruebas de sangre y tejido</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer colorrectal?</h3> <p>En general, sus opciones de tratamiento dependen de su edad, su salud general, la gravedad del cáncer y el tipo de cáncer que tenga.</p> <p>Para el <strong>cáncer de colon</strong>, su tratamiento puede incluir una o más de estas opciones:</p> <ul> <li>Cirugía</li> <li>Ablación por radiofrecuencia: Este procedimiento usa ondas de radio para calentar y destruir células anormales. Las ondas de radio viajan a través de electrodos (pequeños dispositivos que transportan electricidad)</li> <li>Criocirugía: Procedimiento que se usa un líquido extremadamente frío o un instrumento llamado criosonda para congelar y destruir tejido anormal</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Radioterapia</a></li> <li>Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan principalmente células cancerosas específicas y causan menos daño a las células normales</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Inmunoterapia</a></li> </ul> <p>Para el <strong>cáncer de recto</strong>, su tratamiento puede incluir una o más de estas opciones:</p> <ul> <li>Cirugía</li> <li>Radioterapia</li> <li>Quimioterapia</li> <li>Vigilancia activa: Consiste en realizar pruebas periódicas para ver si el cáncer de recto ha cambiado. Si las pruebas muestran que el cáncer está comenzando a crecer, entonces recibirá tratamiento para tratar de curar el cáncer</li> <li>Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan principalmente células cancerosas específicas y causan menos daño a las células normales</li> <li>Inmunoterapia</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer colorrectal?</h3> <p>Evitar los factores de riesgo sobre los que tiene control puede ayudar a prevenir algunos tipos de cáncer, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>No fumar</li> <li>Limitar el alcohol a menos de 3 bebidas por día</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">Controlar su peso</a></li> </ul> <p>También hay otras medidas que puede tomar para tratar de prevenir el cáncer colorrectal, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Hacerse exámenes regulares de detección de cáncer colorrectal</li> <li>Extirpar los pólipos antes de que se vuelvan cancerosos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Hacer ejercicio con regularidad</a></li> </ul> Cánceres Sistema digestivo Colorectal Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Colonoscopía Cáncer del ano Enfermedades del ano Enfermedades del colon Pólipos del colon Colon, Cáncer Colorrectal, Cáncer Cáncer colorrectal Cáncer del recto Recto, Cáncer del Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Gastrointestinales Endoscópicos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Video Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Cáncer en la niñez Cáncer pediátrico <p>El cáncer es un grupo de enfermedades relacionadas. En todos los tipos de cáncer, algunas de las células del cuerpo comienzan a dividirse sin detenerse, extendiéndose a los tejidos cercanos.</p> <p>En general, se forman nuevas células a medida que se necesitan, reemplazando las células viejas que mueren. A veces, este proceso no resulta como se espera. Se forman nuevas células cuando no las necesita, y las células viejas no mueren cuando deberían. Las células adicionales pueden formar un tumor. Los tumores pueden ser benignos o malignos. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html">tumores benignos</a> no son cancerosos. Los tumores malignos son cáncer, y las células cancerosas pueden invadir tejidos cercanos. También pueden separarse y extenderse a otras partes del cuerpo.</p> <p>Los niños pueden tener cáncer en las mismas partes del cuerpo que los adultos, pero hay diferencias. El cáncer infantil puede ocurrir repentinamente, sin síntomas tempranos. Frecuentemente, algunos tipos se pueden curar. El cáncer infantil más común es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html">leucemia</a>. Algunos de los otros tipos comunes de cáncer en niños incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodbraintumors.html">tumores cerebrales</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphoma.html">linfoma</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/softtissuesarcoma.html">sarcoma del tejido blando</a>.</p> <p>Los síntomas y el tratamiento dependen del tipo de cáncer y de lo avanzado que esté. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Cirugía</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Radioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html">Trasplante de células madre</a></li> <li>Terapia dirigida: Esta usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas con menor daño a las células normales</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Niños y adolescentes Cancer in Children Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Leucemia en niños Neuroblastoma Tumor de Wilms Tumores cerebrales en niños Chicos, Cáncer en Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Cáncer de la nariz <p>Los senos paranasales son pequeños espacios huecos ubicados alrededor de su nariz. Están recubiertos con células que producen moco, que impide que se reseque su nariz. La cavidad nasal es el túnel que queda justo detrás de su nariz a través del cual el aire pasa en su camino hacia la garganta cuando usted respira. </p> <p> El cáncer de la cavidad nasal y de los senos paranasales no es común. Usted corre mayor riesgo si:</p><ul> <li>Es un hombre mayor de 40 años </li> <li>Ha estado expuesto a ciertos químicos en su lugar de trabajo</li> <li>Esta infectado con el virus del papiloma humano (VPH)</li> <li>Fuma</li> </ul> <p>Es posible que no se presenten síntomas al comienzo de la enfermedad y luego se presenten síntomas similares a una infección. Los doctores diagnostican este cáncer a través de imágenes, un instrumento con forma de tubo con una luz y una lente para observar y biopsias. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen cirugía, radiación y quimioterapia. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Oído, nariz y garganta Nasal Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Lesiones y enfermedades de la nariz Cáncer del seno paranasal Nariz, Cáncer de Nasal, Cáncer del área Seno paranasal, Cáncer del Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Cáncer de la cavidad oral Cáncer orofaríngeo <h3>¿Qué es el cáncer oral?</h3> <p>El cáncer oral es el cáncer de la boca. Es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html">cáncer de cabeza y cuello</a>. La mayoría de los casos de este cáncer es cáncer de células escamosas. Comienza en las células planas que cubren las superficies de la boca, la lengua y los labios. Las células cancerosas pueden propagarse a tejidos más profundos a medida que crece.</p> <p>La mayoría de los casos de cáncer oral está relacionada con el consumo de tabaco, el consumo excesivo de alcohol o una <TOPIC ID="2281" LINKTEXT="infección por VPH"/>.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer oral?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener cáncer oral, pero es más probable que lo desarrolle si:</p> <ul> <li>Usa tabaco o bebe mucho alcohol: Su riesgo de desarrollar cáncer oral es aún mayor si tiene ambos hábitos</li> <li>Es hombre</li> <li> Es mayor de 40 años</li> <li>Tiene VPH</li> <li>Tiene antecedentes de cáncer de cabeza o cuello</li> <li>Se <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">expone al sol</a> con frecuencia (para el cáncer de labio)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer oral?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del cáncer oral pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Una mancha blanca o roja en la boca</li> <li>Una llaga en el labio o la boca que no cicatriza</li> <li>Sangrado, dolor o entumecimiento en el labio o la boca</li> <li>Dientes sueltos o dentaduras postizas que ya no calzan bien</li> <li>Problemas o dolor al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">tragar</a></li> <li>Un bulto en el cuello</li> <li>Dolor de oído</li> <li> Problemas para mover la boca o la mandíbula</li> <li>Hinchazón de la mandíbula</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html">Dolor de garganta</a> o sensación de que algo está atrapado en la garganta</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene alguno de estos síntomas durante más de 2 semanas, consulte con su profesional de la salud o al dentista. El cáncer oral puede diseminarse rápidamente, por lo que es importante detectarlo temprano.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer oral?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene cáncer oral, su profesional de la salud puede hacer:</p> <ul> <li>Un examen físico de los labios y la boca</li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html">endoscopia</a></li> <li> Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> u otro procedimiento para recolectar células del labio o la cavidad oral. Las células se observan bajo un microscopio para determinar si son anormales</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">Pruebas de imagen</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer oral?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para el cáncer oral incluyen cirugía, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a> o ambas. Después de la cirugía, algunas personas también necesitan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia </a>para eliminar las células cancerosas que queden.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer oral?</h3> <p>Hay medidas que puede tomar para ayudar a prevenir el cáncer oral:</p> <ul> <li>No fumar</li> <li> Limitar el consumo de alcohol o no beber </li> <li>Hacerse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-dental/">exámenes dentales</a> regulares</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué es el cáncer oral?</h3> <p>El cáncer oral es el cáncer de la boca. Es un tipo de cáncer de cabeza y cuello. La mayoría de los casos de este cáncer es cáncer de células escamosas. Comienza en las células planas que cubren las superficies de la boca, la lengua y los labios. Las células cancerosas pueden propagarse a tejidos más profundos a medida que crece.</p> <p>La mayoría de los casos de cáncer oral está relacionada con el consumo de tabaco, el consumo excesivo de alcohol o una infección por VPH.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener cáncer oral?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener cáncer oral, pero es más probable que lo desarrolle si:</p> <ul> <li>Usa tabaco o bebe mucho alcohol: Su riesgo de desarrollar cáncer oral es aún mayor si tiene ambos hábitos</li> <li>Es hombre</li> <li> Es mayor de 40 años</li> <li>Tiene VPH</li> <li>Tiene antecedentes de cáncer de cabeza o cuello</li> <li>Se expone al sol con frecuencia (para el cáncer de labio)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del cáncer oral?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del cáncer oral pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Una mancha blanca o roja en la boca</li> <li>Una llaga en el labio o la boca que no cicatriza</li> <li>Sangrado, dolor o entumecimiento en el labio o la boca</li> <li>Dientes sueltos o dentaduras postizas que ya no calzan bien</li> <li>Problemas o dolor al tragar</li> <li>Un bulto en el cuello</li> <li>Dolor de oído</li> <li> Problemas para mover la boca o la mandíbula</li> <li>Hinchazón de la mandíbula</li> <li>Dolor de garganta o sensación de que algo está atrapado en la garganta</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene alguno de estos síntomas durante más de 2 semanas, consulte con su profesional de la salud o al dentista. El cáncer oral puede diseminarse rápidamente, por lo que es importante detectarlo temprano.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el cáncer oral?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene cáncer oral, su profesional de la salud puede hacer:</p> <ul> <li>Un examen físico de los labios y la boca</li> <li>Una endoscopia</li> <li> Una biopsia u otro procedimiento para recolectar células del labio o la cavidad oral. Las células se observan bajo un microscopio para determinar si son anormales</li> <li> Pruebas de imagen</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el cáncer oral?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para el cáncer oral incluyen cirugía, radioterapia o ambas. Después de la cirugía, algunas personas también necesitan quimioterapia para eliminar las células cancerosas que queden.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el cáncer oral?</h3> <p>Hay medidas que puede tomar para ayudar a prevenir el cáncer oral:</p> <ul> <li>No fumar</li> <li> Limitar el consumo de alcohol o no beber </li> <li>Hacerse exámenes dentales regulares</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Salud oral y dental Oral Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de garganta Cáncer de la glándulas salivales Enfermedades de la boca Boca, Cáncer Cáncer de la cavidad oral Oral, Cáncer Orofaríngeo, Cáncer Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Viviendo con cáncer Vivir con cáncer <h3>Aprender a vivir con cáncer</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a> es una enfermedad común. Casi el 40 por ciento de los estadounidenses serán diagnosticados con cáncer durante su vida. Aunque puede poner en peligro la vida, muchas personas tienen un tratamiento exitoso. Otras viven con cáncer durante mucho tiempo.</p> <p>Para la mayoría de las personas con cáncer, aprender a vivir con la enfermedad es uno de los mayores desafíos a los que se han enfrentado. Esto porque tener cáncer toca casi todos los aspectos de su vida y la vida de quienes le rodean.</p> <p>El cáncer y su tratamiento pueden cambiar:</p> <ul> <li>Su rutina diaria y capacidad para trabajar</li> <li>Sus relaciones importantes</li> <li>La forma en que se ve, siente y piensa sobre usted mismo</li> </ul> <p>Puede sentirse más en control y preparado para hacer frente a estos cambios si sabe qué esperar. Su profesional de la salud puede ayudarle a encontrar información y servicios de apoyo adecuados para usted.</p> <h3>Enfrentar a los sentimientos que provoca el cáncer</h3> <p>Tener cáncer puede causar una variedad de emociones fuertes, como tristeza, enojo, miedo, preocupación o culpa. Estos sentimientos son normales y es probable que cambien con el tiempo. Es útil ordenar sus sentimientos de una manera que le resulte cómoda. Puede intentar:</p> <ul> <li>Hablar abiertamente con alguien de confianza</li> <li>Escribir sobre sus sentimientos</li> <li>Usar métodos de relajación, como la meditación y otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/canceralternativetherapies.html">medicina alternativa y complementaria</a></li> <li>Hacer cosas que disfruta para darse un descanso del cáncer</li> </ul> <p>Si sus emociones parecen apoderarse de su vida, dígaselo a su profesional de la salud. Es posible que necesite apoyo adicional si tiene síntomas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html">trastorno de pánico</a>.</p> <h3>Comunicarse con su equipo de atención médica</h3> <p>En general, durante el tratamiento del cáncer tiene un equipo de profesionales de la salud. Junto con médicos y enfermeras, es posible que tenga que conversar con trabajadores sociales, farmacéuticos, dietistas y otros proveedores de atención de salud.</p> <p>Estos profesionales están preparados para ayudarle a lidiar con los problemas que plantea el cáncer, incluyendo preocupaciones <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/financialassistance.html">económicas</a>. Pero depende de usted hacerle saber a su equipo lo que tiene en mente.</p> <p>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/talkingwithyourdoctor.html">buena comunicación con sus proveedores</a> puede ayudarle a sentirse más en control y satisfecho con su atención. Sus comunicaciones pueden ser mejores si usted:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Informa a sus proveedores cuánto desea saber sobre su cáncer y su tratamiento</strong>: ¿Quiere todos los detalles o solo el panorama general?</li> <li><strong>Escribe sus preguntas e inquietudes antes de sus visitas</strong></li> <li><strong>Le pide a un familiar o amigo que le acompañe durante sus visitas:</strong> Esta persona puede ayudar escuchando, tomando notas y haciendo preguntas</li> </ul> <h3>Hable abiertamente con familiares y amigos</h3> <p>El cáncer cambia las rutinas diarias y los roles de las personas que le aman y apoyan. Es posible que necesiten empezar a hacer las cosas que usted siempre ha hecho por ellos. Y puede que necesite ayuda para hacer las cosas que usted siempre ha hecho solo. Estos cambios pueden ser difíciles para todos.</p> <p>Puede ser útil tener una conversación honesta sobre el cambio de roles y necesidades. Si esto suena demasiado difícil, pídale a un trabajador social u otro miembro de su equipo de atención que le ayude a hablar con familiares y amigos que le están asistiendo con su atención. Estos <topic id="7548" linktext="cuidadores pueden necesitar algo de apoyo ">también.</topic></p> <h3>Lidiar con los cambios en su propia imagen</h3> <p>El cáncer y su tratamiento pueden causar grandes cambios en la forma en que se ve, siente y piensa sobre sí mismo. Por ejemplo, usted puede tener:</p> <ul> <li>Menos energía</li> <li>Cambios temporales o permanentes en su cuerpo, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scars.html">cicatrices</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html">pérdida de cabello</a> debido a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a></li> <li>Problemas de intimidad <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualhealth.html">sexual</a> o dudas sobre relaciones amorosas</li> </ul> <p>Enfrentarse a estos cambios puede ser difícil. Pero la mayoría de las personas encuentran <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">formas de sentirse más positivas</a> con el tiempo. Si se siente lo suficientemente bien, puede intentar:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html">ejercicio</a>:</strong> Caminar, hacer yoga u otros movimientos pueden ayudarlo a sentirse más fuerte y con más control sobre su cuerpo. Pero consulte primero con su proveedor</li> <li><strong>Mantenerse activo y ayudar a los demás</strong>: Piense en un voluntariado, pasatiempos u otras actividades que puedan hacerle sentir bien consigo mismo</li> <li><strong>Consejería para problemas sexuales</strong>: Hablar con un profesional, ya sea con una pareja o solo, puede ayudar</li> </ul> <h3>Adaptarse a la vida después del tratamiento</h3> <p>Después del tratamiento, recibirá atención regular de seguimiento del cáncer. Su profesional de la salud le explicará el programa de controles y pruebas que necesitará. Este es un buen momento para conversar sobre los desafíos que puede enfrentar en el futuro. Saber qué esperar puede ayudarle a hacer planes a medida que encuentra una "nueva normalidad" con el cáncer como parte de su vida.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Salud mental y conducta Cancer--Living with Cancer Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cuidado paliativo Cáncer Quimioterapia para el cáncer Terapia alternativa para el cáncer Cáncer, Sobrellevando el Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer PDF NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Mujeres Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Mujeres Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Hombres Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH <p>Las células madre tienen el potencial de convertirse en muchos tipos diferentes de células en el cuerpo. Ellas sirven como un sistema de reparación para el organismo. Hay dos tipos principales de células madre: las células madre embrionarias y células madre adultas</p> <p>Las células madre se diferencian de las otras células del cuerpo en tres maneras:</p> <ul> <li> Pueden dividirse y renovarse a sí mismas durante un largo tiempo</li> <li> No son especializadas, por lo que no pueden cumplir funciones específicas en el cuerpo</li> <li> Tienen el potencial de convertirse en células especializadas, como las células musculares, células de la sangre y las células del cerebro</li> </ul> <p>Los médicos y los científicos están entusiasmados sobre las células madre porque podrían ayudar en muchas áreas diferentes de la salud y la investigación médica. El estudio de las células madre puede ayudar a explicar cómo ocurren enfermedades graves como el cáncer y defectos de nacimiento. Algún día se podrían utilizar las células madre para crear células y tejidos para el tratamiento de muchas enfermedades. Ejemplos incluyen la enfermedad de Parkinson, enfermedad de Alzheimer, lesión de la médula espinal, enfermedades del corazón, diabetes y artritis.</p> <p class="">NIH: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</p> Transplantes y donaciones Stem Cells Trasplante de médula ósea Trasplante de células madre Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Vibrio cholerae <p>El cólera es una infección bacteriana que causa <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a>. Por lo general, la bacteria del cólera se encuentra en el agua o los alimentos que han sido contaminados por heces (excremento). El cólera es raro en los Estados Unidos. Puede infectarse si viaja a partes del mundo con pobre tratamiento del agua y de aguas residuales. Los brotes también pueden ocurrir después de un desastre. No es probable que la enfermedad se propague directamente de persona a persona.</p> <p>A menudo, las infecciones de cólera son leves. Algunas personas no presentan síntomas. Si tiene síntomas, generalmente comienzan de dos a tres días después de la infección. El síntoma más común es la diarrea acuosa.</p> <p>En algunos casos, la infección puede ser grave y causar mucha diarrea acuosa, vómitos y calambres en las piernas. Debido a que pierde fluidos corporales rápidamente, corre el riesgo de sufrir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratación</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html">shock</a>. Sin tratamiento, podría morir en cuestión de horas. Si cree que podría tener cólera, debe recibir atención médica de inmediato.</p> <p>Los médicos diagnostican el cólera con una muestra de materia fecal o hisopado rectal. Se trata reemplazando los líquidos y las sales que perdió por la diarrea, usualmente al beber sales de rehidratación. Las personas con casos severos pueden necesitar una sonda intravenosa para reemplazar los fluidos. Algunas de ellas también pueden necesitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>. La mayoría de las personas que obtiene de inmediato un reemplazo de líquidos se recupera. </p> <p>Existen vacunas para prevenir el cólera. Uno de ellas está disponible para adultos en los EE. UU. Muy pocos estadounidenses la necesitan, porque la mayoría de las personas no visita áreas con un brote de cólera activo.</p> <p>También hay pasos simples que puede seguir para ayudar a prevenir la infección del cólera:</p> <ul> <li>Use solo agua embotellada o purificada para beber, lavar platos, hacer cubos de hielo y cepillarse los dientes</li> <li>Si usa agua del grifo, hiérvala o use tabletas de yodo</li> <li>Lávese las manos a menudo con jabón y agua limpia</li> <li>Asegúrese de que la comida que consuma esté completamente cocinada y servida caliente</li> <li>Evite las frutas y verduras crudas sin lavar o sin pelar</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Cholera Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <h3>¿Qué es el colesterol?</h3> <p>El colesterol es una sustancia cerosa parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su organismo. Su cuerpo necesita algo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> para funcionar bien. Pero si tiene demasiado colesterol en su sangre, se puede pegar en las paredes de sus arterias, estrechándolas o incluso bloqueándolas. Esto lo pone en riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a> y otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a>.</p> <p>El colesterol produce en su hígado. Viaja por la sangre en proteínas llamadas lipoproteínas. Un tipo de lipoproteína, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">colesterol de baja densidad</a>, o LDL por su sigla en inglés, a veces es llamado colesterol "malo". Un nivel alto de LDL lleva a una acumulación de placa en las arterias. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">colesterol de alta densidad</a>, o HDL en inglés, en ocasiones se llama colesterol "bueno". Transporta el colesterol de otras partes del cuerpo de vuelta al hígado, donde se elimina.</p> <p>Hay algunas medidas que usted puede tomar para bajar el colesterol malo (LDL) y subir el colesterol bueno (HDL). Al mantener sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">niveles de colesterol</a> dentro de los valores normales, puede reducir su riesgo de enfermedades del corazón.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los principales tratamientos para el colesterol alto?</h3> <p>Los principales tratamientos para el colesterol alto son cambios en el estilo de vida y medicamentos.</p> <h4>Cambios de estilo de vida para reducir el colesterol</h4> <p>Los cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Dieta saludable para el corazón</strong>: Una dieta saludable para el corazón limita la cantidad de grasas saturadas y trans que consume. Recomienda que consuma solo las calorías suficientes para mantenerse en un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">peso saludable</a> y evitar el aumento de peso. También insta a elegir una variedad de alimentos nutritivos que incluyen frutas, verduras, granos integrales y carnes magras. Algunos ejemplos de planes de alimentación que pueden bajar su colesterol incluyen la dieta de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html">cambios terapéuticos de estilo de vida</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html">plan de alimentación DASH</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">peso saludable</a></strong>: Si tiene sobrepeso u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a>, perder peso puede ayudarle a reducir su colesterol malo (LDL) y subir su colesterol bueno (HDL). Esto es especialmente importante para las personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html">síndrome metabólico</a>. El síndrome metabólico es un grupo de afecciones que en conjunto aumentan el riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas y otros problemas de salud</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Realizar actividad física regular</a></strong>: Los estudios han demostrado que el ejercicio puede bajar el colesterol malo (LDL) y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html">triglicéridos</a> y subir el colesterol bueno (HDL). Antes de comenzar un programa de ejercicios, consulte con su profesional de la salud qué nivel de actividad física es el adecuado para u</li> <li><strong>Controlar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a></strong>: Los estudios muestran que el estrés crónico a veces puede subir el colesterol malo y bajar el colesterol bueno</li> <li><strong>Dejar de fumar</strong>: <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">Dejar de fumar</a> puede elevar su colesterol bueno (HDL). Como el colesterol bueno ayuda a eliminar el colesterol malo (LDL) de las arterias, tener más HDL puede ayudar a reducir el colesterol LDL</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Dormir lo suficiente y de buena calidad</a></strong>: Dormir de siete a nueve horas cada noche reduce el riesgo de niveles altos de colesterol LDL (malo) y colesterol total</li> </ul> <h4>Medicamentos para bajar el colesterol</h4> <p>Para algunas personas, los cambios en el estilo de vida no son suficientes para bajar el colesterol. También pueden necesitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html">medicamentos para el colesterol</a>. Hay varios tipos. Funcionan de diferentes maneras y pueden tener distintos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">efectos secundarios</a>. Si su profesional de la salud le recomienda tomar, premedicamentos para el colesterolgúntele cuál sería la adecuada para usted</p> <p>Aún si toma medicamentos para bajar el colesterol, debe continuar con los cambios del estilo de vida. </p> <h3>¿Cuáles son otros posibles tratamientos para el colesterol alto?</h3> <p>Algunos otros posibles tratamientos para el colesterol alto pueden incluir: </p><h4>Aféresis de lipoproteínas para reducir el colesterol</h4> <p>La hipercolesterolemia familiar es una enfermedad hereditaria que provoca niveles muy altos de colesterol en la sangre. Algunas personas que la padecen pueden recibir un tratamiento llamado aféresis de lipoproteínas. Este tratamiento utiliza una máquina de filtrado para eliminar el colesterol malo (LDL) de su sangre. Luego, la máquina devuelve el resto de su sangre a su cuerpo.</p> <h4>Suplementos para bajar el colesterol</h4> <p>Muchas compañías venden suplementos que, según afirman, pueden bajar el colesterol. Para muchos de estos suplementos, no hay evidencia suficiente que demuestre que puedan reducir los niveles de colesterol. Pero, en el caso de algunos suplementos, las investigaciones han descubierto que tienen efectos reductores del colesterol. Por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Los suplementos de estanoles y esteroles vegetales, cuando se toman con las comidas, pueden reducir los niveles de colesterol</li> <li>Algunos productos de soja tienen un pequeño efecto reductor del colesterol. Pero las investigaciones han descubierto que comer alimentos de soja brinda más beneficios que tomar suplementos</li> <li>La linaza entera y sus lignanos pueden ayudar a bajar los niveles de colesterol. Sin embargo, el aceite de linaza no</li> <li>Los suplementos de ajo pueden reducir los niveles de colesterol, pero el efecto es pequeño en comparación con los efectos de los medicamentos para el colesterol</li> </ul> <p>Los suplementos pueden causar efectos secundarios e interacciones con medicamentos. Siempre consulte con su profesional de la salud antes de tomar cualquier suplemento.</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Alimentos y nutrición How to Lower Cholesterol Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Beneficios del ejercicio Colesterol Control de peso Cómo bajar su colesterol con dieta Dejar de fumar Enfermedades del corazón Estatinas Medicinas para el colesterol Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Dieta baja en colesterol <h3>¿Qué es el colesterol?</h3> <p>El colesterol es una sustancia cerosa parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células del cuerpo. Su cuerpo necesita algo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> para funcionar bien. Pero si tiene demasiado en su sangre, se puede pegar en las paredes de sus arterias, estrechándolas o incluso bloqueándolas. Esto lo pone en riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a> y otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a>.</p> <p>El colesterol se produce en el hígado. Viaja por la sangre en proteínas llamadas lipoproteínas. Un tipo de lipoproteína, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">colesterol de baja densidad</a>, o LDL por su sigla en inglés, a veces es llamado colesterol "malo". Un nivel alto de LDL lleva a una acumulación de placa en las arterias. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">colesterol de alta densidad</a>, o HDL en inglés, en ocasiones se llama colesterol "bueno". Transporta el colesterol de otras partes del cuerpo de vuelta al hígado, donde se elimina.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el colesterol alto?</h3> <p>Los principales tratamientos para el colesterol alto son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html">cambios de estilo de vida</a> saludables para su corazón y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html">medicamentos</a>. Los cambios en el estilo de vida incluyen una dieta saludable, control del peso y actividad física regular.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo bajar el colesterol con la dieta?</h3> <p>Los cambios de estilo de vida que son saludables para el corazón incluyen una dieta para reducir el colesterol. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html">plan de alimentación DASH </a> es un ejemplo. Otra es la dieta de cambios terapéuticos en el estilo de vida, la que recomienda que usted:</p> <p><strong>Elija grasas más saludables</strong>: Debe limitar tanto la grasa total como la grasa saturada. No más del 25 al 35% de sus calorías diarias deben provenir de las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">grasas en la dieta</a>, y menos del 7% de sus calorías diarias deben provenir de grasas saturadas. Dependiendo de la cantidad de calorías que consume por día, estas son las cantidades máximas de grasas saturadas que debe comer:</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Máxima cantidad de grasa saturada en su dieta, basado en calorías" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Calorías diarias</th> <th scope="col">Grasa saturada</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>1,200</td> <td>8 gramos</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>1,500</td> <td>10 gramos</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>2,000</td><td>13 gramos</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>2,500</td> <td>17 gramos</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p>La grasa saturada es una grasa dañina porque sube su nivel de colesterol malo (LDL) más que cualquier otra cosa en su dieta. Se encuentra en algunas carnes, productos lácteos, chocolate, productos horneados y alimentos procesados y fritos.</p> <p>En lugar de estas grasas saturadas, cámbielas por alimentos con grasas más saludables, como las carnes magras, nueces y aceites insaturados como aceites de canola, oliva y cártamo.</p> <p><strong>Limite los alimentos con colesterol</strong>: Si está tratando de bajar su colesterol, debe consumir menos de 200 mg al día. El colesterol se encuentra en alimentos de origen animal como el hígado y otras vísceras, yemas de huevo, camarones y productos lácteos de leche entera.</p> <p><strong>Coma mucha fibra soluble</strong>: Los alimentos ricos en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html">fibra soluble</a> ayudan a evitar que el tracto digestivo absorba el colesterol. Debe tratar de consumir de 10 a 25 gramos por día. Los alimentos con alto contenido de fibra soluble incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Cereales de grano entero como la avena y el salvado de avena</li> <li>Frutas como manzanas, plátanos, naranjas, peras y ciruelas</li> <li> Legumbres como frijoles, lentejas, garbanzos, frijoles de carete y habas </li> </ul> <p><strong>Consuma muchas frutas y verduras</strong>: Son fuentes importantes de vitaminas, fibra y otros nutrientes. </p> <p><strong>Aumente los estanoles y esteroles vegetales en su dieta</strong>: Estas sustancias también ayudan a evitar que el tracto digestivo absorba el colesterol. Debe intentar consumir dos gramos al día. Se pueden encontrar en cereales integrales, frutos secos, legumbres y aceites, como de oliva y de aguacate (avocado). También se añaden a algunos alimentos, como ciertos tipos de jugo de naranja, margarina y pan. </p><p><strong>Consuma alimentos de pescado con alto contenido de ácidos grasos omega-3</strong>: Estas grasas especiales pueden reducir los niveles de LDL y triglicéridos. También pueden ayudar a controlar la presión arterial y bajar el riesgo de sufrir problemas con el ritmo cardíaco. Si tiene una enfermedad cardíaca, pueden reducir su riesgo de sufrir un ataque cardíaco. Los ácidos grasos omega-3 se pueden encontrar en:</p> <ul> <li>Pescados como salmón, atún (enlatado o fresco) y caballa. La mayoría de las personas deberían intentar comer estos pescados dos veces por semana. Pero si está embarazada o amamantando, debe evitar el pescado que pueda tener un alto contenido de mercurio, como la caballa</li> <li>Fuentes vegetales como nueces, linaza, semillas de chía y aceites de canola y soja. Sin embargo, éstos tienen cantidades menores de ácidos omega-3 que las fuentes de pescado</li> <li>Alimentos fortificados, como ciertas marcas de huevos, yogur, jugos, leche, bebidas de soja y fórmulas infantiles</li> </ul> <p><strong>Limite la sal</strong>: Debe intentar limitar la cantidad de <a href="../spanish/sodium.html" tid="3667">sodio (sal)</a> que consume a no más de 2,300 miligramos (aproximadamente una cucharadita de sal) por día. Eso incluye toda la sal que consume, ya sea que se haya agregado en la preparación de alimentos, la que usa en la mesa, o que ya esté presente en los productos alimenticios. Limitar la sal no reducirá el colesterol, pero puede bajar el riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas al ayudar a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">reducir la presión arterial</a>. Puede comer menos la sal eligiendo alimentos con bajo contenido de sal y "sin sal agregada", además de preferir condimentos en la mesa o al cocinar.</p> <p><strong>Limite el alcohol</strong>: El alcohol añade calorías adicionales, las que pueden llevar a subir de peso. Tener sobrepeso puede elevar su nivel de colesterol malo y bajar su nivel de colesterol bueno. Demasiado alcohol también puede aumentar su riesgo de enfermedades del corazón, porque puede elevar su presión arterial y el nivel de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html">triglicéridos</a>. Lo mejor es no beber, pero si lo hace:</p> <ul> <li>No beba más de dos tragos al día si es hombre</li> <li>No beba más de un trago al día si es mujer</li> </ul> <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodlabeling.html">etiquetas nutricionales</a> pueden ayudarle a determinar cuánta grasa, grasa saturada, colesterol, fibra y sodio contienen los alimentos que compra.Esto puede ayudarle a comer más sano y bajar su colesterol.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Alimentos y nutrición How to Lower Cholesterol with Diet Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Colesterol Cómo bajar su colesterol Enfermedades del corazón Estatinas Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber Triglicéridos Colesterol, Dieta para bajarlo Dieta baja en colesterol Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <h3>¿Qué es la salud mental?</h3> <p>La salud mental incluye nuestro bienestar emocional, psicológico y social. Afecta la forma en que pensamos, sentimos y actuamos cuando enfrentamos la vida. También ayuda a determinar cómo manejamos el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a>, nos relacionamos con los demás y tomamos decisiones. La salud mental es importante en todas las etapas de la vida, desde la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html">niñez</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html">adolescencia</a> hasta la edad adulta y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html">vejez</a>.</p> <h3>¿Por qué es importante la salud mental?</h3> <p>La salud mental es importante porque puede ayudar a:</p> <ul> <li>Enfrentar el estrés de la vida</li> <li>Estar físicamente saludable</li> <li>Mantener buenas relaciones</li> <li>Contribuir en forma significativa a la comunidad</li> <li>Trabajar productivamente</li> <li>Alcanzar su completo potencial </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo mejorar mi salud mental?</h3> <p>Hay muchas cosas diferentes que puede hacer para mejorar su salud mental, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Mantener una actitud positiva</strong>: Es importante tratar de tener una perspectiva positiva. Algunas formas de hacerlo incluyen:</li> <ul> <li>Encontrar el equilibrio entre las emociones positivas y negativas: Mantenerse positivo no significa que nunca sienta emociones negativas como tristeza o enojo. Necesita sentirlas para poder pasar por situaciones difíciles. Pueden ayudarle a responder a un problema, pero no va a querer que esas emociones le superen. Por ejemplo, no sirve seguir pensando en cosas malas que le sucedieron en el pasado o preocuparse demasiado por el futuro</li> <li>Intentar mantener emociones positivas cuando las tienes</li> <li> Tomar un descanso de la información negativa: Sepa reconocer cuándo dejar de ver o leer noticias. Use las redes sociales para buscar apoyo y sentirse conectado con los demás, pero hágalo con cuidado. No caiga en rumores ni discusiones. Tampoco compare negativamente su vida con los demás</li> </ul> <li><strong>Practicar la gratitud</strong> (sea agradecido): Esto significa estar agradecido por las cosas buenas de su vida. Es útil recordarlo todos los días, ya sea pensando en lo que está agradecido o escribiéndolo en un diario. Estas pueden ser grandes cosas, como el apoyo que tiene de sus seres queridos, o pequeñas cosas, como disfrutar de una buena comida. Es importante darse un momento para darse cuenta de alguna experiencia positiva que haya tenido. Practicar la gratitud puede ayudarle a ver su vida de manera diferente. Por ejemplo, si está estresado, es posible que no note que también vive momentos en los que siente emociones positivas. La gratitud puede ayudarle a reconocerlos</li> <li><strong>Cuidar su salud física</strong>: Su salud física y mental están conectadas. Algunas formas de cuidar su salud física incluyen:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">Estar físicamente activo</a>: El ejercicio puede reducir la sensación de estrés y depresión y mejorar su estado de ánimo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Dormir lo suficiente</a>: El sueño afecta su estado de ánimo. Si no duerme bien, puede sentirse irritado y enojarse más fácilmente. A largo plazo, no dormir bien puede aumentar la probabilidad de tener depresión. Por ello, es importante asegurarse de tener un horario de sueño regular y dormir lo suficiente todas las noches</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html">Alimentarse saludablemente</a>: Una buena nutrición le ayudará a sentirse mejor físicamente, pero también puede mejorar su estado de ánimo y disminuir la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a> y el estrés. Además, no obtener una buena cantidad de ciertos nutrientes puede contribuir a ciertos trastornos mentales. Por ejemplo, puede haber un vínculo entre niveles bajos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html">vitamina B12</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a>. Consumir una dieta bien balanceada puede ayudarle a obtener la cantidad suficiente de nutrientes que necesita</li> </ul> <li><strong>Conectarse con los demás</strong>: Los humanos somos seres sociales, y es importante tener relaciones fuertes y saludables con los demás. Tener un buen apoyo social puede ayudarle a protegerse contra los daños del estrés. También es bueno tener diferentes tipos de conexiones. Además de relacionarse con familiares y amigos, puede encontrar formas de involucrarse con su comunidad o barrio. Por ejemplo, puede ser voluntario para una organización local o unirse a un grupo que practique un pasatiempo que disfrute</li> <li><strong>Desarrollar un significado y propósito en la vida</strong>: Puede ser a través de su trabajo, un voluntariado, aprender nuevas habilidades o explorar su espiritualidad</li> <li><strong>Desarrollar habilidades para enfrentar problemas</strong>: También llamadas habilidades de afrontamiento, estos son métodos que se utilizan para lidiar con situaciones estresantes. Pueden ayudar a enfrentar un problema, tomar medidas, ser flexible y no renunciar fácilmente a resolverlo</li> <li><strong>Meditación</strong>: Práctica de mente y cuerpo que consiste en enfocar su atención y conciencia. Existen varios tipos, como la meditación de atención plena y la meditación trascendental. La meditación generalmente requiere:</li> <ul> <li> Un lugar tranquilo con la menor cantidad de distracciones posible</li> <li>Mantener una postura específica y cómoda. Puede ser sentado, acostado, caminando u otra posición</li> <li>Un foco de atención, como una palabra especialmente elegida, un conjunto de palabras, un objeto o su respiración</li> <li> Una actitud abierta en la cual deja que los pensamientos vayan y vengan naturalmente sin juzgarlos</li> </ul> <li><strong>Técnicas de relajación</strong>: Prácticas que buscan producir una respuesta de relajación natural del cuerpo. Esto hace más lenta su respiración, disminuye su presión arterial y reduce la tensión muscular y el estrés. Los tipos de técnicas de relajación incluyen:</li> <ul> <li>Relajación progresiva: Consiste en tensar y relajar diferentes grupos musculares mientras usa imágenes mentales o ejercicios de respiración</li> <li>Imágenes guiadas: Consiste en enfocarse en imágenes positivas para ayudarle a sentirse más relajado y enfocado</li> <li>Biorretroalimentación: Utiliza dispositivos electrónicos para aprender a controlar ciertas funciones del cuerpo, como la respiración, la frecuencia cardíaca y la tensión muscular</li> <li>Autohipnosis: Su objetivo es entrar en un estado relajado y de trance al escuchar cierta sugerencia o ver una señal específica</li> <li>Ejercicios de respiración profunda: Consiste en concentrarse en una respiración lenta, profunda y relajada</li> </ul> </ul> <p>También es importante reconocer cuándo necesita ayuda. La terapia de conversación y / o medicamentos pueden tratar los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">trastornos mentales</a>. Si no sabe dónde obtener tratamiento, comience por comunicarse con su profesional de la salud.</p> Salud mental y conducta How to Improve Mental Health Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Salud mental Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Prevención de la diabetes <h3>¿Qué es la diabetes tipo 2?</h3> <p>Si tiene diabetes, sus niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">azúcar en la sangre</a> son demasiado altos. En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>, esto ocurre porque su cuerpo no produce suficiente insulina o no la utiliza bien, lo que se conoce como resistencia a la insulina. Si está en riesgo de tener diabetes tipo 2, es posible que pueda prevenir o retrasar su desarrollo.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener diabetes tipo 2?</h3> <p>Muchas personas están en riesgo de diabetes tipo 2. Sus posibilidades de desarrollarla dependen de una combinación de factores de riesgo, como sus genes y estilo de vida. Los factores de riesgo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a>: Significa que tiene niveles de azúcar en la sangre más altos de lo normal, pero no lo suficientemente altos como para llamarse diabetes</li> <li>Tener sobrepeso u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Tener 45 años o más</li> <li>Tener familiares con diabetes</li> <li> Ser afroamericano, nativo de Alaska, indio americano, asiático americano, hispano o latino, nativo de Hawái o isleño del Pacífico</li> <li> Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a></li> <li>Tener un bajo nivel de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> bueno (HDL) o un alto nivel de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html">triglicéridos</a></li> <li> Haber tenido <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html">diabetes en el embarazo</a></li> <li> Haber dado a luz a un bebé que pesa nueve libras o más</li> <li> Tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">estilo de vida inactivo</a></li> <li> Tener alguna <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedad del corazón</a> o haber sufrido un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a></li> <li> Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a></li> <li> Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">síndrome de ovario poliquístico</a> </li> <li> Tener acantosis nigricans, una afección de la piel que la vuelve oscura y gruesa, especialmente alrededor de su cuello o axilas</li> <li> Fumar</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo prevenir o retrasar la aparición de la diabetes tipo 2?</h3> <p>Si está en riesgo de desarrollar diabetes, es posible que pueda evitarla o retrasarla. La mayoría de las cosas que debe hacer implican un estilo de vida más saludable. Si realiza estos cambios, obtendrá además otros beneficios de salud. Puede reducir el riesgo de otras enfermedades y probablemente se sienta mejor y tenga más energía. Los cambios son:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Perder peso y mantenerlo.</strong> El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">control del peso</a> es una parte importante de la prevención de la diabetes. Es posible que pueda prevenir o retrasar la diabetes al perder entre el 5 y el 10% de su peso actual. Por ejemplo, si pesa 200 libras (90.7 kilos), su objetivo sería perder entre 10 y 20 libras (4.5 y 9 kilos). Y una vez que pierde el peso, es importante que no lo recupere</li> <li><strong>Seguir un plan de alimentación saludable.</strong> Es importante reducir la cantidad de calorías que consume y bebe cada día, para que pueda perder peso y no recuperarlo. Para lograrlo, su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diets.html">dieta</a> debe incluir porciones más pequeñas y menos grasa y azúcar. También debe consumir alimentos de cada grupo alimenticio, incluyendo muchos granos integrales, frutas y verduras. También es una buena idea limitar la carne roja y evitar las carnes procesadas</li> <li><strong>Haga ejercicio regularmente.</strong> El ejercicio tiene muchos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html">beneficios</a> para la salud, incluyendo ayudarle a perder peso y bajar sus niveles de azúcar en la sangre. Ambos disminuyen el riesgo de diabetes tipo 2. Intente hacer al menos 30 minutos de actividad física cinco días a la semana. Si no ha estado activo, hable con su proveedor de salud para determinar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">qué tipos de ejercicios</a> son los mejores para usted. Puede comenzar lentamente hasta alcanzar su objetivo</li> <li><strong>No fume.</strong> Fumar puede contribuir a la resistencia a la insulina, lo que puede llevar a tener diabetes tipo 2. Si ya fuma, intente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejarlo</a></li> <li><strong>Hable con su proveedor de atención médica</strong> para ver si hay algo más que pueda hacer para retrasar o prevenir la diabetes tipo 2. Si tiene un alto riesgo, su proveedor puede sugerirle tomar algún <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">medicamento para la diabetes</a></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema endocrino Bienestar y estilo de vida Diabetes mellitus How to Prevent Diabetes Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Diabetes, Prevención Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Alianza Nacional de la Salud Hispana Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Fácil de leer Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedad cardiaca</a> es la principal causa de muerte en los Estados Unidos. También es una causa importante de discapacidad. Sin embargo, usted puede tomar medidas para mejorar su salud y ayudar a prevenir enfermedades del corazón. El primer paso es comprender su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca. Su riesgo depende de muchos factores, algunos de los cuales puede cambiar y otros no. Conocerlos y trabajar en las cosas que puede cambiar puede reducir su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas que no puedo cambiar?</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Su edad:</strong> Su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca aumenta a medida que envejece. El riesgo es mayor para: <ul> <li>Hombres de 45 años y mayores</li> <li>Mujeres de 55 años y mayores</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Su sexo</strong>: Algunos factores de riesgo pueden afectar de manera diferente a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">mujeres</a> y hombres. Por ejemplo: <ul> <li>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormona</a> estrógeno brinda cierta protección contra las enfermedades cardíacas a las mujeres</li> <li>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> pone en mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca a las mujeres que a los hombres</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Su raza u origen étnico</strong>: Ciertos grupos tienen mayores riesgos que otros. Por ejemplo: <ul> <li>Los afrodescendientes tienen más probabilidades que los caucásicos de morir de enfermedades cardíacas, mientras que los hispanos y latinos tienen menos probabilidades de morir a causa de ellas</li> <li>Como grupo, los estadounidenses de origen asiático tienen tasas más bajas de enfermedades cardíacas que otros grupos, pero los estadounidenses del sur de Asia tienen tasas más altas</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Su historia familiar</strong>: Su riesgo es mayor si tiene un familiar cercano que tuvo una enfermedad cardíaca a una edad temprana, por ejemplo si: <ul> <li>Su padre o hermano fue diagnosticado antes de los 55 años</li> <li>Su madre o hermana fue diagnosticada antes de los 65 años</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Antecedentes de preeclampsia</strong>: Esta afección consiste en un repentino <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">aumento de la presión arterial</a> y demasiada proteína en la orina durante el embarazo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca que puedo cambiar y qué puedo hacer para bajar mi riesgo?</h3> <p>Hay muchos factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardíacas que usted puede cambiar. Si realiza estos cambios, no sólo ayudará a proteger su corazón. También puede mejorar su salud y bienestar general.</p> <p>Es posible que deba hacer muchos cambios. Si es necesario, puede realizar los cambios gradualmente, uno a la vez. Lo más importante es hacerlos. Dependiendo de su estilo de vida, estos cambios podrían incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Controlar su presión arterial</strong>: La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">aumento de la presión arterial</a> es un importante factor de riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca. Es importante controlar su presión arterial con regularidad, al menos una vez al año para la mayoría de los adultos y con mayor frecuencia si tiene hipertensión. También puede tomar medidas, incluyendo cambios en el estilo de vida, para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">prevenir</a> o controlar la presión arterial alta</li> <li><strong>Controlar sus niveles de colesterol y triglicéridos</strong>: <ul> <li>Niveles altos de colesterol pueden bloquear las arterias y aumentar el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardíaco</a>. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html">cambios en el estilo de vida</a> y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html">medicamentos</a> (si son necesarios) pueden bajar el colesterol</li> <li>Los triglicéridos son otro tipo de grasa en la sangre. Los niveles altos de triglicéridos también pueden aumentar el riesgo de enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, especialmente en las mujeres</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Mantener un peso saludable</strong>: El sobrepeso o tener obesidad pueden aumentar el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades cardíacas. Esto se debe principalmente a que están relacionados con otros factores de riesgo de enfermedades del corazón, incluyendo niveles altos de colesterol y triglicéridos en la sangre, presión arterial alta y diabetes. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">Controlar su peso</a> puede reducir estos riesgos</li> <li><strong>Consumir una dieta saludable</strong>: Trate de limitar las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">grasas</a> saturadas, los alimentos con alto contenido de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sodio</a> (sal) y el azúcar añadido. En su lugar, coma muchas frutas frescas, verduras y cereales integrales. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html">dieta DASH</a> es un ejemplo de un plan de alimentación que puede ayudarle a bajar la presión arterial y el colesterol, lo que puede reducir su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca</li> <li><strong>Realizar actividad física regular</strong>: Hacer ejercicio regularmente tiene muchos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html">beneficios</a>, incluyendo fortalecer el corazón y mejorar la circulación. También puede ayudarle a mantener un peso saludable y bajar el colesterol y la presión arterial. Todo esto puede reducir su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca</li> <li><strong>Limitar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a></strong>: Beber demasiado alcohol puede subir la presión arterial. También agrega calorías adicionales, lo que puede causar aumento de peso. Ambos suben el riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca. Es mejor no beber, pero si lo hace: <ul> <li>No tome más de 2 tragos al día si es hombre</li> <li>No tome más de 1 trago al día si es mujer</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>No fumar</strong>: <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a> cigarrillos sube la presión arterial y aumenta el riesgo de sufrir un ataque cardíaco y un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a> <ul> <li>Si no fuma, no empiece</li> <li>Si fuma, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar de fumar</a> bajará su riesgo de sufrir enfermedades cardíacas. Hable con su profesional de la salud para que le ayude a encontrar la mejor forma de dejar de fumar</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Controlar el estrés</strong>: El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a> está relacionado con las enfermedades cardíacas de muchas maneras. Puede elevar su presión arterial. El estrés extremo puede ser un "desencadenante" de un ataque cardíaco. Además, algunas formas comunes de lidiar con el estrés, como comer en exceso, beber demasiado y fumar, son dañinos para el corazón. Algunas formas de ayudar a controlar el estrés incluyen hacer ejercicio, escuchar música, concentrarse en algo tranquilo o pacífico y meditar</li> <li><strong>Controlar la diabetes</strong>: Tener diabetes duplica el riesgo de sufrir una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticheartdisease.html">enfermedad del corazón relacionada a la diabetes</a>. Esto se debe a que, con el tiempo, los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">niveles altos de glucosa</a> en sangre (azúcar en sangre) causados por la diabetes pueden dañar los vasos sanguíneos y los nervios que controlan el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos. Por ello, es importante hacerse una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-diabetes/">prueba de diabetes</a> y, si la tiene, mantenerla bajo control</li> <li><strong>Dormir bien</strong>: Si no duerme lo suficiente, sube el riesgo de hipertensión arterial, obesidad y diabetes. Estas tres cosas pueden aumentar su riesgo de tener una enfermedad del corazón. Para mejorar su sueño: <ul> <li>Si es adulto, trate de dormir de siete a nueve horas cada noche</li> <li>Trate de tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">buenos hábitos de sueño</a>, como mantener un horario nocturno regular y crear un buen ambiente en su dormitorio</li> <li>Si tiene problemas para dormir frecuentes, hable con su proveedor de atención médica. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">apnea del sueño</a> es un problema que hace que las personas dejen de respirar brevemente muchas veces durante el sueño. Esto interfiere con su capacidad para descansar bien y puede aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca. Si piensa que podría tener apnea del sueño, consulte con su profesional de la salud sobre la posibilidad de hacerse un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/estudio-del-sueno/">estudio del sueño</a>. Y si tiene apnea del sueño, busque recibir tratamiento.<p></p> </li></ul> </li> </ul> Sangre, corazón y circulación Bienestar y estilo de vida How to Prevent Heart Disease Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios Colesterol Cómo bajar su colesterol Enfermedades del corazón Prevención de la presión arterial alta Pruebas para la salud del corazón Cardíacas, Prevención de enfermedades Corazón, Prevención de enfermedades de Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón Enfermedades del corazón: Prevención Prevención de enfermedades del corazón Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Personas mayores Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Fácil de leer En inglés y español Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Acromatismo Acromatopsia <p>La mayoría de nosotros ve el mundo a colores. Nos gusta ver un suntuoso césped verde o una rosa roja floreciendo. Si tiene un defecto para ver los colores, verá esos colores de una manera distinta a la mayoría de los demás. </p> <p>Existen tres defectos principales para ver los colores. Los defectos de la vista para ver los colores rojo y verde son los más comunes. Este tipo es más frecuente en los hombres que en las mujeres. Los otros tipos importantes son los defectos de la vista para ver los colores azul y amarillo y la ausencia total de poder ver todos los colores.</p> <p>La mayoría de las veces, el daltonismo es genético. No existe un tratamiento, pero la mayoría de las personas se adapta y este cuadro no parece limitar sus actividades.</p> Ojos y visión Genética y defectos congénitos Color Blindness Instituto Nacional del Ojo Enfermedades de los ojos Problemas y pérdida de la visión Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Seborrhea Seborrheic Dermatitis <p>Your scalp is the skin on the top of your head. Unless you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html">hair loss</a>, hair grows on your scalp. Different <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html">skin problems</a> can affect your scalp.</p> <p>Dandruff is a flaking of the skin. The flakes are yellow or white. Dandruff may make your scalp feel itchy. It usually starts after puberty, and is more common in men. Dandruff is usually a symptom of seborrheic dermatitis, or seborrhea. It is a skin condition that can also cause redness and irritation of the skin.</p> <p>Most of the time, using a dandruff shampoo can help control your dandruff. If that does not work, contact your health care provider.</p> <p>There is a type of seborrheic dermatitis that babies can get. It is called cradle cap. It usually lasts a few months, and then goes away on its own. Besides the scalp, it can sometimes affect other parts of the body, such as the eyelids, armpits, groin, and ears. Normally, washing your baby's hair every day with a mild shampoo and gently rubbing their scalp with your fingers or a soft brush can help. For severe cases, your health care provider may give you a prescription shampoo or cream to use.</p> <p>Other problems that can affect the scalp include:</p><ul> <li>Scalp <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tineainfections.html">ringworm</a>, a fungal infection that causes itchy, red patches on your head. It can also leave bald spots. It usually affects children.</li> <li>Scalp <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html">psoriasis</a>, which causes itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales. About half of the people with psoriasis have it on their scalp.</li> </ul> Skin, Hair and Nails Caspa, costra láctea y otras afecciones del cuero cabelludo Scalp Dermatoses Dermatitis, Seborrheic Dandruff Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Common Infant and Newborn Problems Head Lice Psoriasis Skin Conditions Tinea Infections Seborrheic Dermatitis Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here VisualDX Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Symptoms Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics VisualDX Children VisualDX Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics VisualDX Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Rosacea Society Specifics American Academy of Dermatology Symptoms American Academy of Dermatology Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH DASH Diet Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension <p>DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. It is an eating plan that is based on research studies sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). These studies showed that DASH lowers <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a> and improves levels of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">cholesterol</a>. This reduces your risk of getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">heart disease</a>.</p> <p>The DASH eating plan:</p><ul> <li>Emphasizes vegetables, fruits, and whole-grains</li> <li>Includes fat-free or low-fat dairy products, fish, poultry, beans, nuts, and vegetable oils</li> <li>Limits foods that are high in saturated fat. These foods include fatty meats, full-fat dairy products, and tropical oils such as coconut, palm kernel, and palm oils.</li> <li>Limits sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets</li> </ul> <p>Along with DASH, other lifestyle changes can help <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">lower your blood pressure</a>. They include staying at a healthy weight, exercising, and not smoking.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Food and Nutrition Plan de alimentación DASH Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute DASH Diet Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Learn More Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Learn More National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine Learn More National Library of Medicine Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Learn More National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Learn More National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Learn More National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH DVT <p>Deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clot</a> that forms in a vein deep in the body. Most deep vein clots occur in the lower leg or thigh. If the vein swells, the condition is called thrombophlebitis. A deep vein thrombosis can break loose and cause a serious problem in the lung, called a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html">pulmonary embolism</a>.</p> <p>Sitting still for a long time can make you more likely to get a DVT. Some medicines and disorders that increase your risk for blood clots can also lead to DVTs. Common symptoms are :</p><ul> <li> Warmth and tenderness over the vein </li> <li> Pain or swelling in the part of the body affected </li> <li> Skin redness </li> </ul> <p>Treatment includes medicines to ease pain and inflammation, break up clots and keep new clots from forming. Keeping the affected area raised and applying moist heat can also help. If you are taking a long car or plane trip, take a break, walk or stretch your legs and drink plenty of liquids.</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Trombosis venosa profunda Venous Thrombosis Spanish Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Blood Clots Peripheral Arterial Disease Pulmonary Embolism Vascular Diseases DVT Venous Thrombosis Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Women American Society of Hematology Video Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Related Issues Vascular Cures Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Vascular Cures Start Here American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Society of Interventional Radiology Specifics Vascular Cures PDF Reference Desk Vascular Cures Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Heart Association Videos and Tutorials American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Video Prevention and Risk Factors American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Heart Association PDF Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Defectos del corazón de nacimiento <h3>¿Qué son los defectos cardíacos congénitos?</h3> <p>Los defectos cardíacos congénitos son problemas con la estructura del corazón. "Congénito" significa que los problemas están presentes al nacer. Estos defectos ocurren cuando el corazón de un bebé no se desarrolla normalmente durante el embarazo. Los defectos cardíacos congénitos son el tipo más común de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">defecto de nacimiento</a>.</p> <p>Los defectos cardíacos congénitos pueden cambiar la forma en que el corazón bombea la sangre. Pueden hacer que la sangre fluya con demasiada lentitud, ir en la dirección contraria o bloquearla por completo.</p> <p>Hay muchos tipos de defectos cardíacos congénitos. Pueden ocurrir en una o más partes del corazón. Los tipos más comunes son:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Defectos septales</strong> ("agujero en el corazón"): Orificios en la pared entre los lados izquierdo y derecho del corazón</li> <li><strong>Defectos de las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html">válvulas cardíacas</a>:</strong> Problemas con las válvulas que controlan el flujo de sangre a través del corazón</li> <li><strong>Defectos en los grandes vasos sanguíneos</strong> que transportan sangre dentro y fuera del corazón</li> </ul> <p>Los defectos cardíacos congénitos pueden variar desde problemas muy leves que nunca necesitan tratamiento hasta problemas que amenazan la vida al nacer. Los defectos cardíacos congénitos más graves se conocen como cardiopatías congénitas críticas. En general, los bebés con estos defectos necesitan cirugía durante el primer año de vida. Pero es posible que los síntomas de los defectos cardíacos más leves no se manifiesten hasta la niñez o la edad adulta.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la causa de los defectos cardíacos congénitos?</h3> <p>A menudo, los investigadores no saben qué causa los defectos cardíacos congénitos. Saben que, en ocasiones, los cambios en los genes de un bebé causan un defecto cardíaco. Los genes con cambios pueden ser heredados de los padres o pueden ocurrir durante el embarazo.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener un bebé con un defecto cardíaco congénito?</h3> <p>Varias cosas pueden aumentar la posibilidad de que su bebé tenga un defecto cardíaco congénito, como:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Su salud antes y durante el embarazo</strong>, incluyendo: <ul> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> antes del embarazo o desarrollarla en los primeros 3 meses del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html">embarazo</a> (la diabetes que se desarrolla posteriormente en el embarazo no es un riesgo importante de defectos cardíacos). Controlar cuidadosamente su nivel de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">azúcar en la sangre</a> antes y durante el embarazo puede reducir el riesgo de defectos cardíacos congénitos de su bebé</li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phenylketonuria.html">fenilcetonuria</a>, un trastorno hereditario raro que afecta la forma en que el cuerpo usa una proteína en los alimentos. Si tiene esta afección, llevar una dieta baja en proteínas antes de quedar embarazada puede reducir el riesgo de que su bebé tenga un defecto cardíaco congénito</li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rubella.html">rubéola</a> (sarampión alemán) durante el embarazo</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Su contacto con ciertas sustancias durante el embarazo</strong>, incluyendo: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">humo de segunda mano</a> (respirar humo de otro fumador)</li> <li>Ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html">medicamentos</a>, como los inhibidores convertidores de angiotensina para la presión arterial alta y los ácidos retinoicos para el acné. Si está embarazada o planea quedar embarazada, hable con su profsional de la salud sobre todos los medicamentos que toma</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Su historia clínica familiar y genética:</strong> En la mayoría de los casos, los defectos cardíacos congénitos no se dan en familias. Pero su probabilidad de tener un bebé con un defecto cardíaco congénito aumenta si usted o el otro progenitor tiene un defecto cardíaco congénito, o si ya tienen un hijo con un defecto cardíaco congénito</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los defectos cardíacos congénitos?</h3> <p>Los defectos cardíacos congénitos no causan dolor. Los signos y síntomas son diferentes, según el tipo y número de defectos y su gravedad.</p> <p>Los signos y síntomas comunes de los defectos cardíacos congénitos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cianosis: Un color azulado en la piel, los labios y las uñas. Ocurre cuando no hay suficiente oxígeno en la sangre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a>: Su bebé puede estar inusualmente somnoliento y puede cansarse mucho al alimentarse</li> <li>Flujo sanguíneo deficiente</li> <li>Respiración rápida o difícil</li> <li>Soplo cardíaco: Sonido inusual entre los latidos del corazón</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas causan los defectos cardíacos congénitos?</h3> <p>Los defectos cardíacos congénitos no siempre causan otros problemas. Si los causan, los problemas que tenga dependerán del tipo y la cantidad de defectos y de su gravedad.</p> <p>Los niños con defectos cardíacos congénitos tienen más probabilidades de:</p> <ul> <li>Ser más pequeños que otros niños</li> <li>Tener problemas o retrasos en el crecimiento mental y emocional y en el comportamiento, como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html">Problemas del habla y del lenguaje</a></li> <li><a href="attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html" tid="1762">Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Las personas con defectos cardíacos congénitos pueden desarrollar otras afecciones de salud, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html">Endocarditis</a>: Infección del revestimiento del corazón y las válvulas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Arritmia</a>: Problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Insuficiencia cardíaca</a>: Ocurre cuando el corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre al cuerpo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryhypertension.html">Hipertensión pulmonar</a>: Presión arterial alta en los pulmones</li> <li>Enfermedad <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">renal</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hepática</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los defectos cardíacos congénitos?</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Antes de que nazca un bebé</strong>, el profesional de la salud puede usar imágenes de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ultrasonido</a> del corazón del bebé para buscar defectos cardíacos. Esto se llama ecocardiograma fetal. Se realiza entre las semanas 18 y 22 de embarazo</li> <li><strong>Durante los primeros días después del nacimiento</strong>, todos los recién nacidos son examinados para detectar defectos cardíacos congénitos. Se coloca un<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/">oxímetro de pulso</a> en las manos o los pies de su bebé para medir su oxígeno en la sangre. Si muestra niveles bajos de oxígeno en la sangre, se necesitarán más pruebas para determinar si el bebé tiene un defecto cardíaco</li> <li><strong>Para diagnosticar defectos cardíacos congénitos en bebés, niños y adultos</strong>, un profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas, incluyendo: <ul> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">pruebas cardíacas</a> para ver cómo está funcionando el corazón</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">Pruebas genéticas</a> para ver si ciertos problemas genéticos causaron el defecto</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los defectos cardíacos congénitos?</h3> <p>El tratamiento depende del tipo de defecto cardíaco congénito y de su gravedad. Los posibles tratamientos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cateterismo cardíaco</strong> para reparar defectos simples, como un pequeño orificio en la pared interior del corazón. Un cateterismo usa un tubo delgado que se guía a través de una vena hasta el corazón</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html">Cirugía cardíaca</a></strong> puede ser necesaria para: <ul> <li>Reparar defectos en el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos</li> <li>Reparar o reemplazar una válvula cardíaca</li> <li>Colocar un dispositivo en el pecho para ayudar al corazón a bombear sangre</li> <li>Hacer un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html">trasplante de corazón</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>A menudo se usan medicamentos si su bebé tiene un tipo específico de defecto cardíaco congénito llamado conducto arterioso permeable</li> </ul> <p>Todos los niños y adultos que tienen defectos cardíacos congénitos necesitan seguimiento regular de un cardiólogo (un especialista en enfermedades del corazón) durante toda su vida, incluso si se reparó su defecto.</p> <p>Algunas personas pueden necesitar varias cirugías cardíacas o cateterismos a lo largo de los años. Es posible que también necesiten tomar medicamentos para ayudar a que sus corazones funcionen lo mejor posible.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Genética y defectos congénitos Congenital Heart Defects Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Cardiomiopatía Defectos congénitos Enfermedades del corazón Cardíacos congénitos, Defectos Fallot, Tetralogia TOF Tetralogia de Fallot Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Cirujanos Torácicos Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Defectos de nacimiento Malformaciones congénitas <h3>¿Qué son los defectos congénitos?</h3> <p>Un defecto congénito es un problema que ocurre mientras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">se desarrolla el bebé</a> en el cuerpo de la madre. La mayoría de los defectos congénitos ocurren durante los primeros tres meses del embarazo. Uno de cada 33 bebés en los Estados Unidos nace con un defecto congénito.</p> <p>Un defecto de nacimiento puede afectar la apariencia del cuerpo, su funcionamiento o ambos. Algunos defectos congénitos como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html">labio leporino</a> o los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html">defectos del tubo neural</a> son problemas estructurales que pueden ser fáciles de notar. Otros, como los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">defectos cardíacos</a>, se diagnostican usando pruebas especiales. Los defectos congénitos pueden variar de leves a severos. En general, la forma en que éstos afectan la vida de un niño depende de qué órgano o parte del cuerpo está involucrado y qué tan serio es el problema.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa los defectos congénitos?</h3> <p>Para algunos defectos congénitos, los investigadores conocen la causa, pero se desconoce la causa exacta para muchos otros. Los investigadores piensan que la mayoría de los defectos de nacimiento son causados por una combinación compleja de factores, que pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Genética</strong>: Uno o más genes pueden tener un cambio o mutación que les impide funcionar bien. Por ejemplo, esto sucede en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fragilexsyndrome.html">síndrome X frágil</a>. Con algunos defectos, puede faltar un gen o parte del gen</li> <li><strong>Problemas cromosómicos</strong>: En algunos casos, puede faltar un cromosoma o parte de un cromosoma. Esto es lo que sucede en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/turnersyndrome.html">síndrome de Turner</a>. En otros casos, como el síndrome de Down, el niño tiene un cromosoma adicional</li> <li><strong>Exposición a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html">medicamentos</a>, productos químicos u otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html">sustancias tóxicas</a></strong>: Por ejemplo, el uso inapropiado del alcohol puede causar trastornos del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html">espectro alcohólico fetal</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">Infecciones durante el embarazo</a></strong>: Por ejemplo, la infección con el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/zikavirus.html">virus del Zika</a> durante el embarazo puede causar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainmalformations.html">defecto grave en el cerebro</a></li> <li><strong>Falta de ciertos nutrientes</strong>: No obtener suficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html">ácido fólico</a> antes y durante el embarazo es un factor clave para causar defectos del tubo neural</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener un bebé con defectos congénitos?</h3> <p>Ciertos factores pueden aumentar las posibilidades de tener un bebé con un defecto congénito, como:</p> <ul> <li>Fumar, beber alcohol o tomar ciertas drogas ilegales <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">durante el embarazo</a></li> <li>Tener ciertas afecciones médicas antes y durante el embarazo como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> no controlada</li> <li>Tomar ciertos medicamentos</li> <li>Tener a alguien en su familia con un defecto congénito. Para saber más sobre su riesgo de tener un bebé con un defecto de nacimiento, puede hablar con un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticcounseling.html">asesor genético</a></li> <li>Ser madre tarde en la vida, generalmente después de los 34 años de edad</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los defectos de nacimiento?</h3> <p>Los profesionales de la salud pueden diagnosticar algunos defectos congénitos durante el embarazo usando <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html">pruebas prenatales</a>. Por eso es importante recibir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html">atención prenatal</a> regular.</p> <p>Puede que no se encuentren otros defectos de nacimiento hasta después del nacimiento del bebé, por ejemplo, a través de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">exámenes de detección de recién nacidos</a>. Algunos defectos, como el pie zambo, son evidentes de inmediato. En otros, el profesional de la salud puede no descubrir un defecto hasta más adelante en la vida, cuando el niño tiene síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los defectos congénitos?</h3> <p>A menudo, los niños con defectos congénitos necesitan cuidados y tratamientos especiales. Debido a que los síntomas y problemas causados por estos defectos varían, los tratamientos también son distintos. Las posibles terapias pueden incluir cirugía, medicamentos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html">dispositivos de asistencia</a>, fisioterapia y terapia del habla.</p> <p>Los niños con defectos de nacimiento pueden necesitar una variedad de servicios y es posible que necesiten ver a varios especialistas. El proveedor de atención primaria de salud puede coordinar la atención especial que necesite el niño.</p> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir los defectos congénitos?</h3> <p>No todos los defectos congénitos se pueden prevenir, pero hay cosas que puede hacer antes y durante el embarazo para aumentar sus posibilidades de tener un bebé sano:</p> <ul> <li>Comience la atención prenatal tan pronto como piense que podría estar embarazada y vea seguido a su profesional de la salud regularmente durante el embarazo</li> <li>Tome 400 microgramos (mcg) de ácido fólico todos los días. Si es posible, debe comenzar a tomarlo al menos un mes antes de quedar embarazada</li> <li>No beba alcohol, fume ni use drogas ilegales</li> <li>Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre cualquier medicamento que esté tomando o piense tomar. Esto incluye medicamentos recetados y de venta libre, así como suplementos dietéticos o herbales</li> <li>Entérese cómo prevenir las infecciones durante el embarazo</li> <li>Si tiene alguna afección médica, intente controlarla antes de quedar embarazada</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Genética y defectos congénitos Birth Defects Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Anomalías craneofaciales Defectos cardíacos congénitos Defectos del tubo neural Enfermedades genéticas Labio leporino y paladar hendido Lesiones y enfermedades de la cara Malformaciones de Chiari Malformaciones del cerebro Pruebas genéticas Pruebas prenatales Salud y desarrollo fetal Trastornos cerebrales genéticos Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal Nacimiento, Defectos Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría <p>Los defectos del tubo neural son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">defectos congénitos</a> del cerebro, la columna vertebral y la médula espinal. Se producen en el primer mes de embarazo, muchas veces antes que la mujer sepa que está embarazada. Los dos defectos más comunes son la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinabifida.html">espina bífida</a> y la anencefalia. En la espina bífida, la columna vertebral del feto no llega a cerrarse del todo. Suele haber un daño a los nervios que causa parálisis leve en las piernas. En la anencefalia, gran parte del cerebro y cráneo no se desarrolla. Generalmente, los bebés con anencefalia nacen sin vida o mueren poco tiempo después de nacer. Otro tipo de defecto del tubo neural son las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiarimalformation.html">malformaciones de Chiari</a>, que causa que el tejido cerebral se extienda al canal espinal. </p> <p>No se conocen las causas de los defectos del tubo neural. Existen mayores riesgos de que un feto los desarrolle si la madre:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene obesidad</li> <li>Sufre de diabetes y no está bien controlada</li> <li>Toma ciertos medicamentos para las convulsiones</li> </ul> <p>Tomar suficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html">ácido fólico</a>, un tipo de vitamina B, antes y durante el embarazo, previene la mayoría de los defectos del tubo neural. </p> <p>En general, los defectos del tubo neural se diagnostican antes de que el niño nazca a través de exámenes de laboratorio o de imagen. No existe una cura para estas afecciones. El daño a los nervios y la pérdida de las funciones, muchas veces son permanentes. Sin embargo, una variedad de tratamientos pueden, a veces, prevenir daños futuros y ayudar con las complicaciones. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano </p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Neural Tube Defects Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Espina bífida Hidrocefalia Malformaciones de Chiari Malformaciones del cerebro Anencefalia Chiari, Malformaciones Tubo neural, Defectos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Alfa-1 Deficiencia de AAT Enfermedad de Alfa-1 antitripsina <h3>¿Qué es la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina?</h3> <p>La deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina (AAT) es una afección hereditaria que aumenta el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">pulmonares</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hepáticas</a>. Si tiene esta afección, su cuerpo no produce suficiente alfa-1 antitripsina (AAT).</p> <p>La AAT es producida por el hígado. Ayuda a proteger los pulmones de la inflamación y de sustancias irritantes que puede respirar, como el humo. Si su hígado no produce suficiente AAT, sus pulmones pueden dañarse más fácilmente por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">fumar</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html">contaminación</a> o el polvo del medio ambiente. Esto puede causar una afección pulmonar grave llamada enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">EPOC</a>). La deficiencia de AAT también puede causar una enfermedad del hígado llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html">cirrosis</a>. Esto es más común en niños que tienen deficiencia de AAT.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina?</h3> <p>La deficiencia de AAT es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">trastorno genético</a>, es decir, es causada por cambios en los genes, también conocido como variantes o mutaciones genéticas.</p> <p>Los genes contienen información que controla su apariencia y cómo funciona el cuerpo. La deficiencia de AAT es causada por cambios en el gen SERPINA1, que transporta instrucciones para producir la proteína AAT. Estos cambios genéticos se heredan de los padres, por lo que la deficiencia de AAT tiende a ser hereditaria:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Si tiene dos copias mutadas del gen,</strong> significa que tiene una afección llamada deficiencia de AAT. Las personas con este trastorno tienen un mayor riesgo de padecer enfermedad pulmonar o daño hepático antes de los 45 años</li> <li><strong>Si tiene una copia mutada del gen,</strong> es portador de deficiencia de AAT. En estos casos, significa que tiene un riesgo ligeramente mayor de tener una enfermedad pulmonar, especialmente si tiene otros factores de riesgo, como fumar. También podría transmitir el gen mutado a sus hijos</li> </ul> <p>Hay algunos cambios genéticos que causan deficiencia de AAT. Estos cambios genéticos pueden:</p> <ul> <li>Disminuir la cantidad de proteína AAT que produce su hígado</li> <li>Evitar que su hígado produzca AAT</li> <li>Afectar la forma de la proteína AAT para que no pueda salir del hígado para proteger los pulmones. Con el tiempo, la AAT se acumula en el hígado y causa daño</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina?</h3> <p>Algunas personas con deficiencia de AAT no presentan ningún síntoma. Para quienes sí los tienen, estos suelen aparecer en personas entre 20 y 50 años. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Sibilancias</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Dificultad para respirar</a>, especialmente después del ejercicio</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a> crónica con flema (mucosidad)</li> <li>Infecciones respiratorias repetidas como resfriados y gripe</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor de pecho</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Latidos cardíacos más rápidos de lo normal cuando se pone de pie</li> <li>Problemas de la vista</li> <li>Perder peso sin intentarlo</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas con deficiencia de AAT pueden tener daño hepático. Los signos de daño hepático incluyen ictericia (una afección que causa un color amarillento de los ojos y la pie) e hinchazón de piernas.</p> <p>En raras ocasiones, la deficiencia de AAT puede causar problemas en la piel, como bultos o parches dolorosos.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la slaud puede realizarle una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-alfa-1-antitripsina/">prueba de deficiencia de AAT</a> si tiene:</p> <ul> <li>Síntomas de deficiencia de AAT</li> <li>Una afección que podría estar relacionada con la deficiencia de AAT</li> <li>Familiares que tienen deficiencia de AAT</li> <li>Familiares que tengan una enfermedad pulmonar o hepática que pueda estar relacionada con la deficiencia de AAT</li> </ul> <p>La deficiencia de AAT en bebés suele afectar al hígado. Es posible que su bebé necesite una prueba de AAT si tiene signos de enfermedad hepática, como ictericia o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/">pruebas de enzimas hepáticas</a> anormales.</p> <p>Un análisis de sangre puede verificar el nivel de proteína AAT en la sangre. Si el nivel es inferior a lo normal, es probable que tenga deficiencia de AAT.</p> <p>Una prueba genética es la forma más segura de detectar la deficiencia de AAT y debe realizarse para confirmar los resultados del análisis de sangre. Hay dos tipos de pruebas genéticas:</p> <ul> <li>Una prueba de genotipo busca los tipos más comunes de cambios genéticos que pueden causar la deficiencia de AAT</li> <li>Una prueba de fenotipo busca cambios en la proteína AAT que cambien la forma en que funcionaría normalmente</li> </ul> <p>Si sus pulmones están afectados, es posible que también le hagan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">pruebas de función pulmonar</a> para ver qué tan bien están trabajando sus pulmones.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina?</h3> <p>No existe cura para la deficiencia de AAT, pero existen tratamientos para ayudar con los síntomas y detener el daño pulmonar que causa. Las opciones de tratamiento pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Medicamentos inhalados para ayudarle a respirar mejor</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">Rehabilitación pulmonar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">Terapia de oxigeno</a></li> <li>Terapia de aumento: Tratamiento de por vida. Aumenta los niveles de proteína AAT en los pulmones, utilizando la proteína ATT extraída de la sangre de donantes. Ayuda a frenar el daño pulmonar. No puede prevenir el daño hepático</li> <li>Cirugía de pulmón o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html">trasplante de pulmón</a> (si sus pulmones están gravemente dañados)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html">Trasplante de hígado</a> (si su hígado está gravemente dañado)</li> </ul> <p>Para ayudar a prevenir o retrasar el daño pulmonar, es importante <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar de fumar</a> (si fuma) y evitar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">humo de segunda mano</a>, el polvo y la contaminación del aire. Pregúntele a su profesional de la salud si necesita dejar de beber alcohol.</p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Genética y defectos congénitos Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Alfa-1 antitripsina, Deficiencia de Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <h3>¿Qué es la deficiencia de vitamina D?</h3> <p>La deficiencia de vitamina D significa que su cuerpo no está recibiendo suficiente vitamina D para mantenerse saludable.</p> <h3>¿Por qué necesito vitamina D y cómo la consigo?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">vitamina D</a> ayuda al cuerpo a absorber el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a>. El calcio es uno de los principales componentes de los huesos. La vitamina D también juega un rol en su sistema nervioso, muscular e inmunitario.</p> <p>Usted puede obtener vitamina D de tres maneras: A través de su piel, su dieta y suplementos. Su cuerpo produce vitamina D naturalmente después de exponerse a la luz del sol. Pero demasiada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">exposición al sol</a> puede ocasionar envejecimiento de la piel y cáncer de piel, por lo que muchas personas buscan obtener su vitamina D de otras fuentes.</p> <h3>¿Cuánta vitamina D necesito?</h3> <p>La cantidad de vitamina D que necesita cada día depende de su edad. Las cantidades recomendadas, en unidades internacionales (UI), son:</p> <ul> <li>Nacimiento hasta 12 meses: 400 UI</li> <li>Niños entre uno y 13 años: 600 UI</li> <li>Adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años: 600 UI</li> <li>Adultos de 19 a 70 años: 600 UI</li> <li>Adultos mayores de 71 años: 800 UI</li> <li>Mujeres embarazadas y lactando: 600 UI</li> </ul> <p>Las personas con alto riesgo de deficiencia de vitamina D pueden necesitar más. Consulte a con su profesional de la salud sobre cuánto necesita.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la deficiencia de vitamina D?</h3> <p>Puede ser que usted no tenga suficiente vitamina D por diferentes razones:</p> <ul> <li>No recibe suficiente vitamina D en su dieta</li> <li>No absorbe suficiente vitamina D de los alimentos (un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malabsorptionsyndromes.html">problema de malabsorción</a>)</li> <li>No recibe suficiente exposición a la luz solar</li> <li>Su hígado o sus riñones no pueden convertir la vitamina D en su forma activa en el cuerpo</li> <li>Toma medicamentos que interfieren con la capacidad del cuerpo para convertir o absorber vitamina D</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de carencia de vitamina D?</h3> <p>Algunas personas corren un mayor riesgo de deficiencia de vitamina D:</p> <ul> <li>Bebés amamantando, porque la leche humana no es una buena fuente de vitamina D. Si está <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html">amamantando</a>, dele a su bebé un suplemento de 400 UI de vitamina D todos los días</li> <li>Adultos mayores, porque su piel no produce vitamina D cuando toman sol tan eficientemente como cuando eran jóvenes, y sus riñones son menos capaces de convertir la vitamina D a su forma activa</li> <li>Personas de piel oscura porque tienen menos capacidad de producir vitamina D del sol</li> <li>Personas con afecciones que dificultan la absorción de nutrientes de los alimentos, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html">enfermedad de Crohn</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html">colitis ulcerosa</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html">enfermedad celíaca</a></li> <li>Personas que tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a> porque su grasa corporal se une a un poco de vitamina D y le impide entrar en la sangre</li> <li>Personas que se han sometido a una cirugía de derivación gástrica, un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html">operación para bajar de peso</a> que crea una vía directa hacia el intestino delgado. Dado que la vitamina D se absorbe allí, la derivación hace que sea más difícil absorber suficiente vitamina D</li> <li>Personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">enfermedad renal</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hepática crónica</a>, lo que puede afectar su capacidad para convertir la vitamina D en una forma que el cuerpo pueda usar</li> <li>Personas que toman medicamentos que afectan los niveles de vitamina D, incluyendo ciertos medicamentos para el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html">colesterol</a>, anticonvulsivos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a> y para bajar de peso</li> </ul> <p>Hable con su profesional de la salud si está en riesgo de padecer deficiencia de vitamina D. Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-d/">análisis de sangre</a> puede medir la cantidad de vitamina D en su cuerpo.</p> <h3>¿Qué problemas causa la deficiencia de vitamina D?</h3> <p>La carencia de vitamina D puede conducir a una pérdida de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html"> densidad ósea</a>, lo que puede llevar a sufrir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturas</a> (huesos rotos).</p> <p>La deficiencia grave de vitamina D también puede causar otras enfermedades:</p> <ul> <li>En niños, puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rickets.html">raquitismo</a>. El raquitismo es una enfermedad rara que hace que los huesos se ablanden y se doblen. Los bebés y niños afrodescendientes tienen un mayor riesgo de tener raquitismo</li> <li>En adultos, la deficiencia grave de vitamina D provoca osteomalacia. La osteomalacia causa huesos débiles, dolor óseo y debilidad muscular</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo obtener más vitamina D?</h3> <p>Hay algunos alimentos que naturalmente tienen algo de vitamina D:</p> <ul> <li>Pescados grasos como el salmón, el atún y la caballa</li> <li>Hígado de res</li> <li>Queso</li> <li>Hongos</li> <li>Yema de huevo</li> </ul> <p>También puede obtener vitamina D de alimentos fortificados. Puede buscar en las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodlabeling.html">etiquetas de los alimentos</a> para saber si un alimento tiene vitamina D. Los alimentos a los que a menudo se le añaden vitamina D incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Leche</li> <li>Cereales de desayuno</li> <li>Jugo de naranja</li> <li>Otros productos lácteos, como el yogur</li> <li>Bebidas de soja</li> </ul> <p>La vitamina D está en muchos multivitamínicos. También hay suplementos de vitamina D, tanto en pastillas como en líquido para bebés.</p> <p>Si usted tiene deficiencia de vitamina D, se trata con suplementos. Consulte con su proveedor de atención médica sobre cuánto necesita tomar, la frecuencia con la que debe tomarlos y por cuánto tiempo.</p> <h3>¿Puede demasiada vitamina D ser dañina?</h3> <p>Obtener demasiada vitamina D (conocida como toxicidad por vitamina D) puede ser perjudicial. Los signos de toxicidad incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">náuseas y vómitos</a>, falta de apetito, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">estreñimiento</a>, debilidad y pérdida de peso.</p> <p>Niveles muy altos de vitamina D pueden dañar los riñones. También eleva el nivel de calcio en la sangre. Los altos niveles de calcio en la sangre (hipercalcemia) pueden causar confusión, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">insuficiencia renal</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">latidos cardíacos irregulares</a> (arritmia).</p> <p>La mayoría de los casos de toxicidad por vitamina D ocurren cuando una persona abusa de los suplementos de vitamina D. No se puede obtener un exceso de vitamina D de la exposición al sol porque su piel limita la cantidad de vitamina D que produce.</p> Alimentos y nutrición Vitamin D Deficiency Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Vitamina D, Deficiencia de Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Degeneración de la mácula <p>La degeneración macular o la degeneración macular relacionada con la edad (AMD, por sus siglas en inglés) es la principal causa de pérdida de visión en los estadounidenses mayores de 60 años. Es una enfermedad que destruye la agudeza de la visión central. La vista central es necesaria para ver los objetos con claridad y hacer actividades como leer o conducir vehículos. </p> <p>La enfermedad afecta la mácula, que es la parte del ojo que permite ver los detalles con claridad. No duele, pero provoca la muerte de las células de la mácula. Existen dos tipos: La húmeda y la seca. La húmeda ocurre cuando vasos sanguíneos anormales crecen bajo la mácula. Estos nuevos vasos frecuentemente gotean sangre y líquido. El daño a la mácula ocurre rápidamente. Uno de los primeros síntomas es una visión borrosa. La seca, ocurre cuando las células de la mácula sensibles a la luz se deterioran. Lentamente, se pierde la visión central. Uno de los primeros síntomas es ver torcidas las líneas rectas. </p> <p>Los exámenes oculares integrales regulares pueden detectar una degeneración macular antes de que la enfermedad cause una pérdida de la vista. El tratamiento puede hacer más lento el avance del deterioro de la vista, sin embargo no recupera la visión. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo </p> Personas mayores Ojos y visión Macular Degeneration Instituto Nacional del Ojo Enfermedades de los ojos Problemas y pérdida de la visión Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Bright Focus Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Neurodegenerative diseases <p>Degenerative nerve diseases affect many of your body's activities, such as balance, movement, talking, breathing, and heart function. Many of these diseases are genetic. Sometimes the cause is a medical condition such as alcoholism, a tumor, or a stroke. Other causes may include toxins, chemicals, and viruses. Sometimes the cause is unknown.</p> <p>Degenerative nerve diseases include:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html">Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/friedreichataxia.html">Friedreich ataxia</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/huntingtonsdisease.html">Huntington's disease</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lewybodydementia.html">Lewy body disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson's disease</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalmuscularatrophy.html">Spinal muscular atrophy</a></li> </ul> <p>Degenerative nerve diseases can be serious or life-threatening. It depends on the type. Most of them have no cure. Treatments may help improve symptoms, relieve pain, and increase mobility.</p> Brain and Nerves Enfermedades neurodegenerativas Neurodegenerative Diseases Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Alzheimer's Disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Brain Diseases Cerebellar Disorders Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Friedreich Ataxia Genetic Brain Disorders Multiple Sclerosis Parkinson's Disease Peripheral Nerve Disorders Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome Rett Syndrome Ataxia Neurodegenerative Diseases Prion Diseases NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests North American Spine Society Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH <h3>What is dehydration?</h3> <p>Dehydration is a condition caused by the loss of too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">fluid from the body</a>. It happens when you are losing more fluids than you are taking in, and your body does not have enough fluids to work properly.</p> <h3>What causes dehydration?</h3> <p>You can become dehydrated because of:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html">Sweating</a> too much</li> <li>Urinating too much, which can happen because of certain medicines and illnesses</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li>Not drinking enough water or other fluids</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop dehydration?</h3> <p>Certain people are more likely to develop dehydration:</p><ul> <li>Older adults. Some people lose their sense of thirst as they age, so they don't drink enough fluids.</li> <li>Infants and young children, who are more likely to have diarrhea or vomiting</li> <li>People with chronic illnesses that cause them to urinate or sweat more often, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html">cystic fibrosis</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney problems</a></li> <li>People who take medicines that cause them to urinate or sweat more</li> <li>People who exercise or work outdoors during hot weather</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of dehydration?</h3> <p><strong>In adults</strong>, the symptoms of dehydration include:</p><ul> <li>Feeling very thirsty</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html">Dry mouth</a></li> <li>Urinating and sweating less than usual</li> <li>Dark-colored urine</li> <li>Dry skin</li> <li>Feeling tired</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>In infants and young children</strong>, the symptoms of dehydration include:</p><ul> <li>Dry mouth and tongue</li> <li>Crying without tears</li> <li>No wet diapers for 3 hours or more</li> <li>A high fever</li> <li>Being unusually sleepy or drowsy</li> <li>Irritability</li> <li>Eyes that look sunken</li> </ul> <p>Dehydration can be mild, or it can be severe enough to be life-threatening. Get medical help right away if the symptoms also include:</p><ul> <li>Confusion</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html">Fainting</a></li> <li>Lack of urination</li> <li>Rapid heartbeat</li> <li>Rapid breathing</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html">Shock</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is dehydration diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you dehydration, your health care provider will:</p><ul> <li>Do a physical exam</li> <li>Check your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitalsigns.html">vital signs</a></li> <li>Ask about your symptoms</li> </ul> <p>Your provider may also order tests, such as:</p><ul> <li>Blood tests to check your electrolyte levels, especially <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html">potassium</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">sodium</a>. Electrolytes are minerals in your body that have an electric charge. They have many important jobs, including helping to keep a balance of fluids in your body.</li> <li>Blood tests to check your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">kidney function</a>.</li> <li>Urine tests to check for dehydration and its cause.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for dehydration?</h3> <p>The treatment for dehydration is to replace the fluids and electrolytes that you have lost. For mild cases, you may just need to drink lots of water. If you lost electrolytes, sports drinks may help. There are also oral rehydration solutions for children. You can buy those without a prescription.</p> <p>Severe cases may be treated with intravenous (IV) fluids with salt in a hospital.</p> <h3>Can dehydration be prevented?</h3> <p>The key to preventing dehydration is making sure that you get enough fluids:</p><ul> <li>Drink enough water every day. Each person's needs can be different, so ask your health care provider how much you should be drinking each day.</li> <li>Avoid drinks that have sugar and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">caffeine</a>.</li> <li>Drink extra fluids when the weather is hot, especially if you are exercising or working outside. If you are losing a lot of minerals in sweat, sports drinks can help you. But some sports drinks have lots of sugar, so be careful not to drink too much of them.</li> <li>Get extra fluids when you are sick. If you are having trouble keeping liquids down, you can try taking small sips of water or sucking on ice chips.</li> </ul> Symptoms Metabolic Problems Deshidratación Dehydration Spanish Diarrhea Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Heat Illness Nausea and Vomiting Thirst Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children American Academy of Pediatrics NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Children Safe Kids Worldwide PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation <p>El consumo del tabaco es la principal causa de muerte prevenible. Cerca de la mitad de las personas que no dejan de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">fumar</a> morirá a causa del cigarrillo o problemas relacionados. Dejar de fumar es importante para su salud. </p> <p>Poco después de dejar de fumar, la circulación comienza a mejorar y la presión arterial empieza a retroceder a su estado normal. Su sentido del olfato y del gusto vuelven y empieza a respirar con mayor facilidad. A largo plazo, dejar el tabaco puede ayudarle a vivir más tiempo. Su riesgo de padecer cáncer disminuye cada año que transcurre sin fumar.</p> <p>Dejarlo no es fácil. Es posible que tenga efectos a corto plazo, como subir de peso, irritabilidad y ansiedad. Algunas personas lo intentan varias veces antes de lograrlo. Existen muchas maneras para dejar de fumar. Algunas personas lo dejan de un momento a otro. Otros aprovechan los beneficios de los manuales paso a paso, la orientación o los medicamentos o productos que ayudan a disminuir la adicción a la nicotina. Algunas personas piensan que el cambio a los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html">cigarrillos electrónicos</a> puede ayudar a dejar de fumar, pero no ha sido comprobado. Su proveedor de salud puede prestarle ayuda para encontrar la mejor manera de dejar de fumar.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Quitting Smoking Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Fumar Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, División de Investigación para el Control del Tabaco NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, División de Investigación para el Control del Tabaco NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, División de Investigación para el Control del Tabaco NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, División de Investigación para el Control del Tabaco NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, División de Investigación para el Control del Tabaco NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, División de Investigación para el Control del Tabaco NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, División de Investigación para el Control del Tabaco NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Fácil de leer Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos <h3>¿Qué es el delirio?</h3> <p>El delirio es un estado mental que causa confusión, desorientación y no poder pensar o recordar con claridad. Suele comenzar de repente. A menudo es temporal y tratable.</p> <p>Hay tres tipos de delirio:</p> <ul> <li>Hipoactivo: En el cual usted no está activo y parece somnoliento, cansado o deprimido</li> <li>Hiperactivo: En el cual usted está inquieto o agitado</li> <li>Mixto: En el cual usted pasa de un estado a otro, entre hipoactivo e hiperactivo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa el delirio?</h3> <p>Hay muchos problemas diferentes que pueden causar delirio. Algunas de las causas más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">Cáncer</a> avanzado</strong></li> <li><strong>Alcohol o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas</a></strong>, ya sea por intoxicación o abstinencia: Esto incluye un tipo grave de síndrome de abstinencia de alcohol llamado delirium tremens. Por lo general, ocurre en personas que dejan de beber después de años de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">trastorno por consumo de alcohol</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">Deshidratación</a> y<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html"> desequilibrios electrolíticos</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">Demencia</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Hospitalización</strong>: Especialmente en cuidados intensivos</li> <li><strong>Infecciones</strong>: Como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">infecciones del tracto urinario</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a></li> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong>: Esto podría ser un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">efecto secundario</a> de un medicamento, como sedantes u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioides</a>, o podría ser por abstinencia después de suspender un medicamento</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html">Trastornos metabólicos</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Insuficiencia orgánica</strong>, como insuficiencia <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">renal</a> o hepática</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoning.html">Envenenamiento</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Enfermedades graves</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html">Dolor</a> severo</strong></li> <li><strong>Privación del sueño</strong></li> <li><strong>Cirugías</strong>: Incluyendo reacciones a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anesthesia.html">anestesia</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene una mayor probabilidad de tener delirio?</h3> <p>Ciertos factores pueden ponerle en riesgo de delirio, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Estar en un hospital o residencia para adultos mayores</li> <li>Tener demencia</li> <li>Tener una enfermedad grave o más de una enfermedad</li> <li>Tener una infección</li> <li>Tener edad avanzada</li> <li>Tener una cirugía</li> <li>Tomar medicamentos que afectan la mente o el comportamiento</li> <li>Tomar altas dosis de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> como opioides</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del delirio?</h3> <p>En general, los síntomas del delirio comienzan de repente, en unas pocas horas o pocos días. A menudo van y vienen. Los síntomas más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cambios en el estado de alerta (comúnmente más alerta en la mañana, menos en la noche)</li> <li>Cambios en los niveles de conciencia</li> <li>Confusión</li> <li>Pensamiento desorganizado (hablar de una manera que no tiene sentido)</li> <li>Patrones de sueño interrumpidos, somnolencia</li> <li>Cambios emocionales como ira, agitación, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a>, irritabilidad, sobreexcitación</li> <li>Alucinaciones y delirios</li> <li>Incontinencia</li> <li>Problemas de memoria, en especial con la memoria a corto plazo</li> <li>Problemas para concentrarse</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el delirio?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede hacer un diagnóstico utilizando:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Exámenes físicos y neurológicos</li> <li>Pruebas de estado mental, que detectan problemas con su pensamiento y estado de alerta</li> <li>Pruebas de laboratorio y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">diagnóstico por imágenes</a></li> </ul> <p>El delirio y la demencia tienen síntomas similares, por lo que puede ser difícil distinguirlos. También puede tener ambos al mismo tiempo. Las diferencias entre ellos son que:</p> <ul> <li><strong>El delirio</strong> comienza repentinamente y puede causar alucinaciones. Es principalmente un problema de atención y de mantenerse alerta. Los síntomas pueden mejorar o empeorar y pueden durar horas o semanas</li> <li><strong>La demencia</strong> se desarrolla lentamente y no causa alucinaciones. Suele comenzar con pérdida de memoria. Los síntomas no cambian con frecuencia, como ocurre con el delirio. La demencia casi nunca mejora</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el delirio?</h3> <p>El tratamiento del delirio se centra en las causas y síntomas del delirio. El primer paso es identificar la causa. A menudo, tratar la causa puede llevar a una recuperación completa. La recuperación puede tomar algún tiempo, semanas o incluso meses. Mientras tanto, pueden haber tratamientos que ayuden a controlar los síntomas, como:</p> <ul> <li>Controlar el ambiente, lo que incluye asegurarse de que la habitación esté tranquila y bien iluminada, que tenga relojes o calendarios a la vista y que haya miembros de la familia cerca</li> <li>Medicamentos, incluyendo los que controlan la agresión o la agitación y analgésicos si hay dolor</li> <li>Si es necesario, asegúrese de que la persona tenga audífonos, anteojos u otros dispositivos para comunicarse</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el delirio?</h3> <p>El tratamiento de las afecciones que pueden causar delirio puede reducir el riesgo de tenerlo. Los hospitales pueden ayudar a reducir el riesgo de delirio al evitar los sedantes y asegurarse de que la habitación del hospital se mantenga tranquila y bien iluminada. También puede ayudar tener miembros de la familia cerca y que los mismos miembros del personal traten cada día a la persona (de ser posible).</p> Salud mental y conducta Cerebro y nervios Delirium Más información Spanish/Español SAG Fundación para la Salud en Envejecimiento PDF Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <h3>What is delirium?</h3> <p>Delirium is a mental state in which you are confused, disoriented, and not able to think or remember clearly. It usually starts suddenly. It is often temporary and treatable.</p> <p>There are three types of delirium:</p><ul> <li>Hypoactive, when you are not active and seem sleepy, tired, or depressed</li> <li>Hyperactive, when you are restless or agitated</li> <li>Mixed, when you change back and forth between being hypoactive and hyperactive</li> </ul> <h3>What causes delirium?</h3> <p>There are many different problems that can cause delirium. Some of the more common causes include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Advanced <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancer</a>.</strong></li> <li><strong>Alcohol or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">drugs</a></strong>, either from intoxication or withdrawal. This includes a serious type of alcohol withdrawal syndrome called delirium tremens. It usually happens to people who stop drinking after years of <a href="alcoholusedisorderaud.html" tid="120">alcohol use disorder (AUD)</a>.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">Dehydration</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">electrolyte imbalances</a>.</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html">Dementia</a>.</strong></li> <li><strong>Hospitalization</strong>, especially in intensive care.</li> <li><strong>Infections</strong>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html">urinary tract infections</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a>, and the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a>.</li> <li><strong>Medicines.</strong> This could be a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">side effect</a> of a medicine, such as sedatives or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioids</a>. Or it could be from withdrawal after stopping a medicine.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html">Metabolic disorders</a></strong>.</li> <li><strong>Organ failure</strong>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html">kidney</a> or liver failure.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoning.html">Poisoning</a></strong>.</li> <li><strong>Serious illnesses</strong>.</li> <li><strong>Severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html">pain</a></strong>.</li> <li><strong>Sleep deprivation</strong>.</li> <li><strong>Surgeries</strong>, including reactions to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anesthesia.html">anesthesia</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to get delirium?</h3> <p>Certain factors put you at risk for delirium, including:</p><ul> <li>Being in a hospital or nursing home</li> <li>Having dementia</li> <li>Having a serious illness or more than one illness</li> <li>Having an infection</li> <li>Older age</li> <li>Having surgery</li> <li>Taking medicines that affect the mind or behavior</li> <li>Taking high doses of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain medicines</a>, such as opioids</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of delirium?</h3> <p>The symptoms of delirium usually start suddenly, over a few hours or a few days. They often come and go. The most common symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Changes in alertness (usually more alert in the morning, less at night)</li> <li>Changing levels of consciousness</li> <li>Confusion</li> <li>Disorganized thinking, talking in a way that doesn't make sense</li> <li>Disrupted sleep patterns, sleepiness</li> <li>Emotional changes: anger, agitation, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>, irritability, overexcitement</li> <li>Hallucinations and delusions</li> <li>Memory problems, especially with short-term memory</li> <li>Trouble concentrating</li> </ul> <h3>How is delirium diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms</li> <li>Physical and neurological exams</li> <li>Mental status testing, which checks for problems with your thinking and alertness </li> <li>Lab and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">diagnostic imaging</a> tests</li> </ul> <p>Delirium and dementia have similar symptoms, so it can be hard to tell them apart. You can also have both at the same time. The differences between them are that:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Delirium</strong> starts suddenly and can cause hallucinations. It is mainly a problem with attention and staying alert. The symptoms may get better or worse and can last for hours or weeks.</li> <li><strong>Dementia</strong> develops slowly and does not cause hallucinations. It usually starts with memory loss. The symptoms don't change often, like they can with delirium. Dementia almost never gets better.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for delirium?</h3> <p>Treatment of delirium focuses on the causes and symptoms of delirium. The first step is to identify the cause. Often, treating the cause will lead to a full recovery. The recovery may take some time - weeks or sometimes even months. In the meantime, there may be treatments to manage the symptoms, such as:</p><ul> <li>Controlling the environment, which includes making sure that the room is quiet and well-lit, having clocks or calendars in view, and having family members around</li> <li>Medicines, including those that control aggression or agitation and pain relievers if there is pain</li> <li>If needed, making sure that the person has a hearing aid, glasses, or other devices for communication</li> </ul> <h3>Can delirium be prevented?</h3> <p>Treating the conditions that can cause delirium may reduce the risk of getting it. Hospitals can help lower the risk of delirium by avoiding sedatives and making sure that hospital rooms are kept quiet, calm, and well-lit. It can also help to have family members around and to have the same staff members treat the person each day (if possible).</p> Mental Health and Behavior Brain and Nerves Delirio Delirium Spanish Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Merck & Co., Inc. Learn More AGS Health in Aging Foundation Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Cancer Institute NIH Learn More AGS Health in Aging Foundation PDF Learn More National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Learn More AGS Health in Aging Foundation Demencia senil Síndrome cerebral orgánico <h3>¿Qué es la demencia?</h3> <p>La demencia es una pérdida de las funciones mentales lo suficientemente graves como para afectar sus actividades y su vida diaria. Estas funciones incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>La memoria</li> <li>Habilidades del lenguaje</li> <li>Percepción visual (su capacidad de entender lo que ve)</li> <li>Solución de problemas</li> <li>Problemas con el quehacer diario</li> <li>La habilidad de enfocarse y prestar atención</li> </ul> <p>Es normal ser un poco más olvidadizo a medida que envejece. Pero la demencia no es una parte normal del envejecimiento. Es un trastorno serio que interfiere con su vida diaria.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de demencia?</h3> <p>Los tipos más comunes de demencia son llamados enfermedades neurodegenerativas. En estas afecciones las células del cerebro dejan de funcionar o mueren. Estas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">Enfermedad de Alzheimer</a>: La forma más común de demencia entre personas mayores. Esta afección causa placa y ovillos en el cerebro provocados por el crecimiento anormal de diferentes proteínas. La proteína beta-amiloide se acumula y forma placa entre sus células cerebrales. También hay una pérdida de conexión entre las células nerviosas del cerebro</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lewybodydementia.html">Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy</a>: Causa síntomas de movimiento junto con demencia. Los cuerpos de Lewy son depósitos anormales de una proteína en el cerebro</li> <li>Trastornos frontotemporales: Causan cambios en ciertas partes del cerebro:</li> <ul> <li>Los cambios en el lóbulo frontal conducen a síntomas del comportamiento</li> <li>Los cambios en el lóbulo temporal conducen a trastornos del lenguaje y emocionales</li> </ul> <li>Demencia vascular: Causa cambios en el flujo de sangre del cerebro. A menudo es causado por un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">derrame cerebral</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">arterioesclerosis</a> (endurecimiento de las arterias) en el cerebro</li> <li>Demencia mixta: Es una combinación de dos o más tipos de demencia. Por ejemplo, algunas personas tienen enfermedad de Alzheimer y demencia vascular</li> </ul> <p>Otras afecciones que pueden causar demencia o síntomas parecidos a la demencia son:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html">Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob</a>: Trastorno cerebral poco frecuente</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/huntingtonsdisease.html">Enfermedad de Huntington</a>: Enfermedad cerebral progresiva y hereditaria</li> <li>Encefalopatía traumática crónica: Causada por constantes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">lesiones cerebrales traumáticas</a></li> <li>Demencia asociada al VIH </li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de demencia?</h3> <p>Algunos factores pueden aumentar su riesgo de demencia, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Envejecimiento: Este es el mayor factor de riesgo de demencia</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a> sin controlar</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial alta</a></li> <li>Beber demasiado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a></li> <li>Tener familiares cercanos con demencia</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la demencia?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la demencia pueden variar, dependiendo de las áreas del cerebro afectadas. A menudo, experimentar olvidos frecuentes es el primer síntoma. La demencia también provoca problemas con la capacidad de pensar, resolver problemas y el razonamiento. Por ejemplo, las personas con demencia pueden:</p> <ul> <li>Perderse en un vecindario que conocen</li> <li>Usar palabras poco comunes para referirse a objetos conocidos</li> <li>Olvidar el nombre de algún familiar o amigo</li> <li>Olvidar los viejos recuerdos</li> <li>Necesitar ayuda para realizar tareas que solían hacer solos</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas con demencia no son capaces de controlar sus emociones y su personalidad puede cambiar. Pueden volverse apáticos, es decir, pueden no tener el mismo interés en actividades normales diarias o eventos. También pueden perder ciertas inhibiciones o despreocuparse del sentimiento de los demás.</p> <p>Ciertos tipos de demencia también pueden causar problemas con el equilibrio o movimiento. </p> <p>Las etapas de la demencia varían de leves a severa. En la más leve, está comenzando a afectar el funcionamiento de la persona. En la más grave, la persona depende completamente de los demás para su atención.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la demencia?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Pruebas para evaluar su habilidad de pensamiento, memoria y lenguaje</li> <li>Otros exámenes, como pruebas de sangre, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">análisis genéticos</a> y escáners cerebrales</li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">evaluación de salud mental</a> para ver si una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">enfermedad mental</a> puede estar causando sus síntomas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la demencia?</h3> <p>No existe cura para la mayoría de los tipos de demencia, incluyendo la enfermedad de Alzheimer y la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar a mantener la función mental por más tiempo, controlar los síntomas de conducta y retardar los síntomas de la enfermedad. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong> pueden mejorar temporalmente la memoria y el pensamiento o hacer más lento su declive. Solo funcionan en algunas personas. Otros medicamentos pueden tratar síntomas como ansiedad, depresión, problemas para dormir y rigidez muscular. Algunos de estos medicamentos pueden causar efectos secundarios serios en las personas con demencia. Es importante hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre qué medicamentos son seguros para usted</li> <li><strong>Terapia ocupacional</strong> para ayudar a encontrar maneras de hacer más fácilmente las tareas diarias</li> <li><strong>Terapia del habla</strong> para ayudar con los problemas para tragar y para hablar fuerte y claro</li> <li><strong>Consejería sobre salud mental</strong> para ayudar a las personas con demencia y sus familias a aprender cómo manejar las emociones y conductas difíciles. También puede ayudarles a planear para el futuro</li> <li><strong>Música o terapia de arte</strong> para reducir la ansiedad y mejorar el bienestar</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la demencia?</h3> <p>Los investigadores no han encontrado una forma comprobada de prevenir la demencia. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyliving.html">Vivir saludablemente</a> puede influir en algunos factores de riesgo de la demencia.</p> Salud mental y conducta Personas mayores Cerebro y nervios Dementia Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Delirio Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy Deterioro cognitivo leve Enfermedad de Alzheimer Memoria Senilidad Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Estudios clínicos Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación de Alzheimer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud <h3>¿Qué es la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy?</h3> <p>La demencia con cuerpos de Lewy es una de las causas más comunes de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">demencia</a> en personas mayores. Demencia es la pérdida de funciones mentales lo suficientemente severa para afectar su vida diaria y sus actividades. Estas funciones incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Memoria</li> <li>Habilidades del lenguaje</li> <li>Percepción visual (su habilidad de comprender lo que ve)</li> <li>Solución de problemas</li> <li>Tareas cotidianas</li> <li>La habilidad de enfocarse y prestar atención</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué tipos de demencia con cuerpos de Lewy existen?</h3> <p>Existen dos tipos de esta demencia: Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy y demencia por enfermedad de Parkinson. Ambos tipos causan los mismos cambios en el cerebro, y, con el tiempo, provocan los mismos síntomas. La principal diferencia es cuándo los síntomas cognitivos (del pensamiento) y del movimiento comienzan.</p> <p>La demencia con cuerpos de Lewy causa problemas con la habilidad de pensar similar a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">enfermedad de Alzheimer</a> . Posteriormente, causa otros problemas, como síntomas de movimiento, alucinaciones visuales y ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html">problemas del sueño</a>. También causa más problemas con las actividades mentales que con la memoria.</p> <p>La demencia por enfermedad de Parkinson comienza como un trastorno del movimiento. Primero causa los síntomas de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html">enfermedad de Parkinson</a>, movimientos lentos, rigidez muscular, temblor y caminar arrastrando los pies. Más adelante, causa demencia.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la causa de la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy?</h3> <p>La demencia con cuerpos de Lewy ocurre cuando se acumulan cuerpos de Lewy en partes del cerebro que controlan la memoria, el pensamiento y el movimiento. Los cuerpos de Lewy son depósitos anormales de proteína llamada alfa-sinucleína. Los investigadores no saben exactamente por qué estos depósitos se forman. Pero saben que otras enfermedades, como el mal de Parkinson, también involucran la acumulación de esta proteína.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de demencia con cuerpos de Lewy?</h3> <p>El mayor factor de riesgo de la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy es la edad, la mayoría de las personas que la desarrolla es mayor de 50 años. Quienes tienen una historia familiar de demencia con cuerpos de Lewy también están en mayor riesgo. </p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy?</h3> <p>La demencia con cuerpos de Lewy es una enfermedad progresiva. Esto significa que los síntomas comienzan lentamente y empeoran con el tiempo. Los síntomas más comunes incluyen cambios en la cognición, el movimiento, el sueño y el comportamiento:</p> <ul> <li> <strong>Demencia</strong>: Pérdida de funciones mentales que es lo suficientemente grave como para afectar su vida diaria y sus actividades</li> <li><strong>Cambios en la concentración, atención, estado de alerta y vigilia</strong>: Estos cambios suelen suceder de un día para otro. Pero a veces también pueden ocurrir a lo largo del mismo día</li> <li><strong>Alucinaciones visuales</strong>: Significa ver cosas que no existen</li> <li><strong>Problemas con el movimiento y la postura</strong>: Incluyen lentitud de movimientos, dificultad para caminar y rigidez muscular. Estos se llaman síntomas motores de la enfermedad de Parkinson</li> <li><strong>Trastorno de conducta durante el sueño REM</strong>: Es una condición en la cual una persona parece representar físicamente los sueños. Puede incluir sueños vívidos, hablar dormido, movimientos violentos o caerse de la cama. En algunas personas, puede ser el síntoma más temprano de la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy. Puede aparecer varios años antes de cualquier otro síntoma de la enfermedad</li> <li><strong>Cambios en el comportamiento y el estado de ánimo</strong>: Como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a> y apatía (falta de interés en las actividades o eventos diarios normales)</li> </ul> <p>En las primeras etapas de la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy, los síntomas pueden ser leves y las personas pueden funcionar con bastante normalidad. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, las personas con la afección necesitan más ayuda debido a problemas de pensamiento y movimiento. En las últimas etapas de la enfermedad, a menudo no pueden cuidarse a sí mismos.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad con cuerpos de Lewy?</h3> <p>No existe una prueba para diagnosticar la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy. Es importante ver a un médico con experiencia para obtener un diagnóstico, como por ejemplo un neurólogo. El especialista le realizará:</p> <ul> <li>Una historia clínica, incluyendo una lista detallada de sus síntomas. El médico hablará tanto con el paciente como con sus cuidadores</li> <li>Exámenes físicos y neurológicos</li> <li>Exámenes para descartar otras afecciones que causen síntomas similares, como pruebas de sangre y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">diagnóstico por imágenes</a></li> <li>Pruebas neuropsicológicas para evaluar la memoria y otras funciones cognitivas</li> </ul> <p>La demencia con cuerpos de Lewy puede ser difícil de diagnosticar porque el mal de Parkinson y la enfermedad de Alzheimer causan síntomas similares. Los científicos piensan que la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy puede estar relacionada a estas enfermedades, o que a veces pueden ocurrir juntas.</p> <p>También es importante saber qué tipo de demencia con cuerpos de Lewy tiene una persona, para que el médico pueda tratar los síntomas específicos. También ayuda al médico a determinar cómo la enfermedad afectará a la persona con el tiempo. El profesional de la salud hará el diagnóstico basado en cuándo ciertos síntomas comienzan:</p> <ul> <li>Si los problemas cognitivos comienzan dentro de un año de los problemas del movimiento, el diagnóstico es demencia con cuerpos de Lewy</li> <li>Si los problemas cognitivos comienza más de un año después de los problemas del movimiento, el diagnóstico es demencia por enfermedad de Parkinson</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy?</h3> <p>No existe una cura para la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar con los síntomas:</p> <ul> <li>Los <strong>medicamentos</strong> pueden ayudar con algunos de los síntomas cognitivos, de movimiento y psiquiátricos</li> <li>La <strong>fisioterapia</strong> puede ayudar con problemas de movimiento</li> <li>La <strong>terapia ocupacional</strong> puede ayudar a encontrar maneras de hacer más fácilmente las actividades diarias</li> <li>La <strong>terapia del habla</strong> puede ayudar con los problemas para tragar y para hablar fuerte y claro</li> <li>La <strong>consejería de salud mental</strong> puede ayudar a personas con demencia con cuerpos de Lewy y sus familias para manejar los problemas emocionales y de conducta. También puede ayudar a planificar para el futuro</li> <li>La <strong>terapia musical o artística</strong> puede reducir la ansiedad y mejorar el bienestar</li> </ul> <p>Los grupos de apoyo también pueden beneficiar a personas con demencia con cuerpos de Lewy y sus cuidadores. Pueden entregar apoyo emocional y social. También sirven como espacio para compartir sugerencias sobre cómo lidiar con los desafíos diarios de la afección.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Lewy Body Dementia Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Bright Focus Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Senility <h3>What is dementia?</h3> <p>Dementia is a loss of mental functions that is severe enough to affect your daily life and activities. These functions include:</p><ul> <li>Memory</li> <li>Language skills</li> <li>Visual perception (your ability to make sense of what you see)</li> <li>Problem solving</li> <li>Trouble with everyday tasks</li> <li>The ability to focus and pay attention</li> </ul> <p>It is normal to become a bit more forgetful as you age. But dementia is not a normal part of aging. It is a serious disorder that interferes with your daily life.</p> <h3>What are the types of dementia?</h3> <p>The most common types of dementia are known as neurodegenerative disorders. These are diseases in which the cells of the brain stop working or die. They include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a>, which is the most common form of dementia among older people. People with Alzheimer's have plaques and tangles in their brain. These are abnormal buildups of different proteins. Beta-amyloid protein clumps up and forms plaques in between your brain cells. Tau protein builds up and forms tangles inside the nerve cells of your brain. There is also a loss of connection between nerve cells in the brain.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lewybodydementia.html">Lewy body dementia</a>, which causes movement symptoms along with dementia. Lewy bodies are abnormal deposits of a protein in the brain.</li> <li>Frontotemporal disorders, which cause changes to certain parts of the brain: <ul> <li>Changes in the frontal lobe lead to behavioral symptoms</li> <li>Changes in the temporal lobe lead to language and emotional disorders</li> </ul> </li> <li>Vascular dementia, which involves changes to the brain's blood supply. It is often caused by a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">atherosclerosis</a> (hardening of the arteries) in the brain.</li> <li>Mixed dementia, which is a combination of two or more types of dementia. For example, some people have both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.</li> </ul> <p>Other conditions can cause dementia or dementia-like symptoms, including:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/creutzfeldtjakobdisease.html">Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease</a>, a rare brain disorder</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/huntingtonsdisease.html">Huntington's disease</a>, an inherited, progressive brain disease</li> <li>Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), caused by repeated <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">traumatic brain injury</a></li> <li>HIV-associated dementia (HAD)</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for dementia?</h3> <p>Certain factors can raise your risk for developing dementia, including:</p><ul> <li>Aging. This is the biggest risk factor for dementia.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a></li> <li>Uncontrolled <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a></li> <li>Drinking too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a></li> <li>Having close family members who have dementia</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of dementia?</h3> <p>The symptoms of dementia can vary, depending on which parts of the brain are affected. Often, forgetfulness is the first symptom. Dementia also causes problems with the ability to think, problem solve, and reason. For example, people with dementia may:</p><ul> <li>Get lost in a familiar neighborhood</li> <li>Use unusual words to refer to familiar objects</li> <li>Forget the name of a close family member or friend</li> <li>Forget old memories</li> <li>Need help doing tasks that they used to do by themselves</li> </ul> <p>Some people with dementia cannot control their emotions and their personalities may change. They may become apathetic, meaning that they are no longer interested in normal daily activities or events. They may lose their inhibitions and stop caring about other peoples' feelings.</p> <p>Certain types of dementia can also cause problems with balance and movement.</p> <p>The stages of dementia range from mild to severe. In the mildest stage, it is just beginning to affect a person's functioning. In the most severe stage, the person is completely dependent on others for care.</p> <h3>How is dementia diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms</li> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>Tests of your thinking, memory, and language abilities</li> <li>Other tests, such as blood tests, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">genetic tests</a>, and brain scans</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">mental health evaluation</a> to see whether a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental disorder</a> is contributing to your symptoms</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for dementia?</h3> <p>There is no cure for most types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia. Treatments may help to maintain mental function longer, manage behavioral symptoms, and slow down the symptoms of disease. They may include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Medicines</strong>, which may temporarily improve memory and thinking or slow down their decline. They only work in some people. Other medicines can treat symptoms such as anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and muscle stiffness. Some of these medicines can cause strong side effects in people with dementia. It is important to talk to your health care provider about which medicines will be safe for you.</li> <li><strong>Occupational therapy</strong> to help find ways to more easily do everyday activities</li> <li><strong>Speech therapy</strong> to help with swallowing difficulties and trouble speaking loudly and clearly</li> <li><strong>Mental health counseling</strong> to help people with dementia and their families learn how to manage difficult emotions and behaviors. It can also help them plan for the future.</li> <li><strong>Music or art therapy</strong> to reduce anxiety and improve well-being</li> </ul> <h3>Can dementia be prevented?</h3> <p>Researchers have not found a proven way to prevent dementia. Living a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html">healthy lifestyle</a> might influence some of your risk factors for dementia.</p> Mental Health and Behavior Older Adults Brain and Nerves Demencia Dementia Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Disease Delirium Lewy Body Dementia Memory Senility Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Reference Desk Alzheimer's Association Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Alzheimer's Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Health and Human Services Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Family Caregiver Alliance Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests AGS Health in Aging Foundation Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Clinical Trials Department of Health and Human Services Living With Department of Health and Human Services Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Treatments and Therapies Alzheimer's Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration Related Issues Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics Alzheimer's Association Clinical Trials National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Journal Articles Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Statistics and Research National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Living With National Institute on Aging NIH Living With Department of Health and Human Services Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Alzheimer's Association Start Here National Institute on Aging PDF NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics Department of Health and Human Services Specifics Department of Health and Human Services Break-bone fever Dengue fever <h3>What is dengue?</h3> <p>Dengue is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viral infection</a>. It can be caused by four related viruses. You can get it if an infected <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html">mosquito</a> bites you. It is common in warm, wet areas of the world. Although rare, it can be found in some parts of the United States. Outbreaks are more common during rainy seasons.</p> <h3>How does dengue spread?</h3> <p>Dengue spreads to people through the bite of an infected mosquito. It does not spread directly from person to person. However, a pregnant person can pass the infection on to the baby. In rare cases, it can spread through a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">blood transfusion</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">organ transplant</a>, or needle stick injury (an accidental injury from a used needle)..</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of dengue and severe dengue?</h3> <p>About one in four people infected with dengue will get sick. For those who do get sick, the infection can be mild or severe. The symptoms of dengue include:</p> <ul> <li>A high <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">Rash</a></li> <li>Aches and pains (eye pain, usually behind the eyes, and pain in the muscles, joints, or bones)</li> </ul> <p>The symptoms usually last two to seven days.</p> <p>Severe dengue is a serious form of the illness. About 1 in 20 people who get sick with dengue will develop severe dengue. It can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html">shock</a>, internal bleeding, and even death. People are more likely to develop severe dengue if they have had dengue before, are pregnant, or are infants.</p> <p>Watch for signs and symptoms of severe dengue. Warning signs usually begin about 24 - 48 hours after your fever has gone away. If you or your family member have these signs, get immediate medical care:</p> <ul> <li>Severe <a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061">abdominal (belly) pain</a> and tenderness</li> <li>Vomiting at least 3 times in 24 hours</li> <li>Bleeding from the nose or gums</li> <li>Vomiting blood, or blood in the stool (poop)</li> <li>Feeling tired, restless, or irritable</li> </ul> <h3>How is dengue diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dengue-fever-test/">blood test</a> which can show if you have been infected with dengue.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for dengue?</h3> <p>There is no specific medicine to treat dengue. Most people will get better after about a week. But if you think you might have dengue:</p> <ul> <li>See a health care provider and mention any recent travel.</li> <li>Rest as much as possible.</li> <li>Take acetaminophen to control fever and relieve pain. But do <strong>not</strong> take aspirin or ibuprofen.</li> <li>Drink plenty of fluids to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydration</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Severe dengue often requires care at a hospital.</p> <h3>Can dengue be prevented?</h3> <p>In the United States, a dengue vaccine is approved for children who are ages 9 - 16. They must also have previously had dengue and live in areas where dengue is common. </p> <p>You can also help prevent dengue by avoiding mosquito bites:</p> <ul> <li>Wear insect repellent with DEET or another U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent. Make sure to follow the instructions for using the repellant.</li> <li>Wear clothes that cover your arms, legs and feet.</li> <li>Close unscreened doors and windows.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Dengue Dengue Spanish Spanish Turkish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Hemorrhagic Fevers Mosquito Bites Viral Infections Break-bone Fever Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here World Health Organization Children Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Journal Articles Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert World Health Organization Fiebre hemorrágica del dengue <h3>¿Qué es el dengue?</h3> <p>El dengue es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">infección viral</a>. Puede ser causado por cuatro virus relacionados. Se puede contagiar si le pica un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html">mosquito</a> infectado. Es común en áreas cálidas y húmedas del mundo. Aunque es raro, se puede encontrar en algunas partes de los Estados Unidos. Los brotes son más comunes durante las estaciones lluviosas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se propaga el dengue?</h3> <p>El dengue se transmite a las personas a través de la picadura de un mosquito infectado. No se propaga directamente de persona a persona. Sin embargo, una persona embarazada puede transmitir la infección a su bebé. En casos raros, se puede propagar a través de una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">transfusión de sangre</a>, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">trasplante de órganos</a> o una lesión por pinchazo de aguja (una herida accidental usando una aguja).</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del dengue y del dengue grave?</h3> <p>Cerca una de cada 4 personas infectadas con dengue se enfermará. Para aquellos que se enferman, la infección puede ser leve o grave. Los síntomas del dengue incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a> alta</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náusea y vómitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">Sarpullido</a></li> <li>Molestias y dolores (dolor en los ojos, generalmente detrás de los ojos y dolor en los músculos, las articulaciones o los huesos)</li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas suelen durar de 2 a 7 días.</p> <p>El dengue grave es una forma seria de la enfermedad. Cerca de una de cada 20 personas que se enferman de dengue desarrollan dengue grave. Puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html">shock</a>, hemorragia interna e incluso la muerte. Las personas tienen más probabilidades de tener dengue grave si han tenido dengue antes, están embarazadas o son bebés.</p> <p>Esté atento a los signos y síntomas del dengue grave. En general, los signos de advertencia comienzan entre 24 y 48 horas después de que pase la fiebre. Obtenga atención médica inmediata si usted o un miembro de su familia muestra estos signos:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">Dolor y sensibilidad abdominal</a> intenso</li> <li>Vómitos al menos 3 veces en 24 horas</li> <li>Sangrado de la nariz o las encías</li> <li>Vómitos con sangre o sangre en las heces</li> <li>Sentirse cansado, inquieto o irritable</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el dengue?</h3> <p>Hay un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-fiebre-del-dengue/">análisis de sangre</a> que puede mostrar si ha sido infectado con dengue.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el dengue?</h3> <p>No existe un medicamento específico para el dengue. La mayoría de las personas mejoran después de más o menos una semana. Pero si cree que puede tener dengue:</p> <ul> <li>Consulte a un profesional de la salud y mencione cualquier viaje reciente que haya tenido</li> <li>Descanse tanto como sea posible</li> <li>Tome acetaminofén para controlar la fiebre y aliviar el dolor. No tome aspirinas ni ibuprofeno</li> <li>Beba mucho líquido para prevenir la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratación</a></li> </ul> <p>El dengue grave a menudo requiere atención en un hospital.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el dengue?</h3> <p>En los Estados Unidos, hay una vacuna para prevenir el dengue en niños entre nueve y 16 años. También tienen que haber tenido dengue anteriormente y vivir en áreas donde el virus es común.</p> <p>También puede ayudar a prevenir el dengue evitando las picaduras de mosquitos:</p> <ul> <li>Use repelente de insectos con DEET u otro repelente de insectos registrado por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental (EPA) de EE. UU. Asegúrese de seguir las instrucciones del producto</li> <li>Use ropa que cubra sus brazos, piernas y pies</li> <li>Cierre puertas y ventanas sin protección</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Dengue Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Fiebres hemorrágicas Infecciones virales Picadura de mosquitos Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Densidad mineral ósea Osteopenia Pérdida de masa ósea <h3>¿Qué es densidad ósea?</h3> <p>Sus huesos están hechos de tejido viviente. Para mantenerlos fuertes, su cuerpo descompone huesos viejos y los reemplaza con nuevos. Pero cuando se descompone más hueso del que se reemplaza, usted pierde densidad ósea, también llamada masa ósea. La densidad ósea es una medida de la cantidad de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a> y otros minerales en el hueso. Los huesos que contienen más minerales son más densos. También suelen ser más fuertes y menos propensos a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturarse</a> (romperse).</p> <p>La pérdida de densidad ósea puede debilitar sus huesos. En algunos casos, puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>. Ésta es una afección que puede hacer que sus huesos sean más propensos a romperse. La densidad ósea baja que no es lo suficientemente baja para ser osteoporosis en ocasiones se le llama osteopenia. </p> <h3>¿Qué puede provocar la pérdida de densidad ósea?</h3> <p>Sus huesos se tornan menos densos al envejecer. Otros factores pueden provocar que pierda masa ósea como: </p> <ul> <li>Un historial familiar de osteoporosis o masa ósea baja</li> <li>No desarrollar una buena masa ósea cuando es joven</li> <li>Ciertas afecciones como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html">Enfermedades del sistema endocrino</a></li> <li>Ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html">enfermedades del sistema digestivo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html">Artritis reumatoide</a></li> <li>Ciertos tipos de cáncer</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a></li> <li>Anorexia nervosa, un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html">trastorno alimenticio</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Tomar ciertos medicamentos como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">Corticoides</a></li> <li>Inhibidores de bomba de protones (los cuales se utilizan para tratar la enfermedad de reflujo gastroesofágico <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">GERD</a>)</li> <li>Medicamentos para tratar epilepsia</li> </ul> </li> <li>Ciertos factores de estilo de vida incluyendo: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">Consumo prolongado de alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Inactividad física</a> o periodos prolongados de reposo en cama</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>No todas las personas que tienen masa ósea baja desarrollan osteoporosis, sin embargo, tienen un riesgo más elevado de desarrollarla.</p> <h3>¿Hay una prueba para medir la salud de los huesos?</h3> <p>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/densitometria-osea/">densitometría ósea</a> es la mejor manera de medir la salud de sus huesos. Compara su densidad o masa ósea con la de una persona sana de la misma edad y sexo que usted. Puede mostrar:</p> <ul> <li>Si tiene densidad ósea baja </li> <li>Si usted tiene osteoporosis, una afección que hace que sus huesos se vuelvan débiles</li> <li>Su riesgo de fractura de huesos</li> <li>Si su tratamiento de osteoporosis está funcionando</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo mantener mis huesos sanos?</h3> <p>Para ayudar a mantener sus huesos sanos y ayudar a prevenir la osteoporosis, lo mejor que puede hacer es comer una dieta sana rica en calcio y vitamina D. Ejercitarse regularmente, limitar el alcohol y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">no fumar</a> también pueden ayudar. En algunos casos, su profesional de la salud puede recetarle medicamentos para prevenir la osteoporosis.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Bone Density Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Fracturas Osteoporosis Osea, Densidad Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>Las dentaduras postizas son dientes falsos que se hacen para reemplazar los dientes que ha perdido. Las dentaduras postizas completas cubren toda la quijada dental superior o inferior. Las dentaduras parciales reemplazan uno o sólo algunos dientes.</p> <p>Las dentaduras pueden producir una sensación extraña al principio. Hablar y comer puede sentirse diferente. Tenga cuidado al usar dentaduras postizas porque pueden dificultar la percepción de alimentos y líquidos calientes. Además, es posible que no note el morder un hueso en su comida.</p> <p>Al comienzo, es posible que el dentista quiera verlo con frecuencia para asegurarse que la dentadura encaja bien. Con el tiempo, su boca cambiará y es posible que su dentadura postiza necesite ajustes o un reemplazo. Asegúrese que el dentista haga estos ajustes.</p> <p>Si su dentadura postiza se mueve demasiado en su boca, usar adhesivo para dentadura postiza puede ayudar. En algunos casos, su dentista puede sugerirle que cambie a implantes dentales. Son permanentes y reemplazan tanto las raíces como los dientes.</p> <p>Mantenga sus dentaduras postizas limpias y sin alimentos que puedan causar manchas, mal aliento o encías hinchadas. Cepíllelos todos los días con un producto para el cuidado de la dentadura. Quítese las dentaduras de la boca por la noche y póngalas en agua o en un líquido limpiador de dentaduras postizas. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</p> Salud oral y dental Dentures Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Dental de California PDF Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Oral health <p>It's important to take care of your mouth and teeth starting in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childdentalhealth.html">childhood</a>. If you don't, you could have problems with your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdisorders.html">teeth</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html">gums</a> - like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html">cavities</a> or even tooth loss. </p> <p>Here's how to keep your mouth and teeth healthy:</p> <ul> <li>Brush your teeth twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste</li> <li>Clean between your teeth every day with floss or another type of between-the-teeth cleaner</li> <li>Snack smart - limit sugary snacks</li> <li>Don't smoke or chew tobacco</li> <li>See your dentist or oral health professional regularly</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</p> Mouth and Teeth Wellness and Lifestyle Salud dental Oral Hygiene Dental Care Oral Health Arabic Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hmong Korean Portuguese Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Child Dental Health Dentures Gum Disease Orthodontia Tooth Decay Tooth Disorders Oral Health Specifics American Academy of Oral Medicine Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert Academy of General Dentistry Find an Expert Health Resources and Services Administration Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Older Adults National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF NIH Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association PDF Journal Articles Start Here Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Finance and Policy Department of Health and Human Services NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH False teeth <p>Dentures are false teeth made to replace teeth you have lost. They can be complete or partial. Complete dentures cover your entire upper or lower jaw. Partials replace one or a few teeth.</p> <p>Dentures may feel strange at first. Speaking and eating may feel different. Be careful when wearing dentures because they may make it harder for you to feel hot foods and liquids. Also, you may not notice biting on a bone from your food.</p> <p>In the beginning, your dentist may want to see you often to make sure the dentures fit. Over time, your mouth will change and you may need to have your dentures adjusted or replaced. Be sure to let your dentist handle these adjustments.</p> <p>If your dentures move too much in your mouth, denture adhesive may help. In some cases, your dentist may suggest that you switch to dental implants. They are permanent, and they replace both the roots and teeth.</p> <p>Keep your dentures clean and free from food that can cause stains, bad breath, or swollen gums. Brush them every day with a denture care product. Take your dentures out of your mouth at night, and put them in water or a denture-cleansing liquid.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Mouth and Teeth Dentaduras postizas Dentures Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hmong Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Dental Health Tooth Disorders Dental Implants False Teeth Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Learn More Food and Drug Administration Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Learn More American Academy of Periodontology Journal Articles Learn More National Institute on Aging NIH Depresión severa Trastorno distímico Tristeza profunda y persistente <p>La depresión es una enfermedad clínica severa. Es más que sentirse "triste" por algunos días. Si usted es uno de los más de 19 millones de jóvenes y adultos en los EE. UU. que tiene depresión, esos sentimientos no desaparecen. Persisten e interfieren con su vida cotidiana. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li> Sentirse triste o "vacío"</li> <li> Pérdida de interés en sus actividades favoritas </li> <li>Aumento o pérdida del apetito </li> <li>No poder dormir o dormir demasiado </li> <li>Sentirse muy cansado</li> <li>Sentirse sin esperanzas, irritable, ansioso o culpable</li> <li>Dolores de cabeza, calambres o problemas digestivos</li> <li>Ideas de muerte o de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html">suicidio</a></li> </ul> <p> La depresión es un trastorno del cerebro. Existen muchas causas, incluyendo factores genéticos, biológicos, ambientales y psicológicos. La depresión puede comenzar a cualquier edad, pero suele empezar en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendepression.html">juventud</a> o en adultos jóvenes. Es mucho más común en las mujeres. Las mujeres también pueden tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/postpartumdepression.html">depresión posparto</a> después de dar a luz. Algunas personas tienen un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seasonalaffectivedisorder.html">trastorno afectivo estacional</a> en el invierno. La depresión es una parte del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html">trastorno bipolar</a>.</p> <p>Existen tratamientos eficaces para la depresión, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">antidepresivos</a> y terapia de conversación, o ambos a la vez. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</p> Salud mental y conducta Depression Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Antidepresivos Depresión posparto Salud mental Suicidio Trastorno afectivo estacional Trastorno bipolar Trastornos del estado de ánimo Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Mujeres Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Mujeres Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Asociación Nacional de Salud Mental Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Nacional de Salud Mental <h3>¿Qué es la depresión en los adolescentes?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> en adolescentes (entre 13 y 17 años) es una enfermedad médica grave. Es más que sentirse triste durante unos días. Es un intenso sentimiento de tristeza, desesperanza e ira o frustración que dura mucho tiempo. Estos sentimientos hacen que te sea difícil tener una vida normal y hacer tus actividades habituales. También puedes tener problemas para concentrarte y no tener motivación o energía. La depresión puede hacerte difícil disfrutar la vida o incluso superar el día.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la depresión en adolescentes?</h3> <p>Muchos factores pueden jugar un papel en la depresión, incluyendo:</p><ul> <li><strong>Genética:</strong> La depresión puede darse en familias.</li> <li><strong>Biología cerebral y química</strong></li> <li><strong>Hormonas:</strong> Los cambios hormonales pueden contribuir a la depresión</li> <li><strong>Eventos estresantes en la niñez </strong> como traumas, muerte de un ser querido, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bullyingandcyberbullying.html">intimidación y ciberacoso</a>; y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html">abuso</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Quiénes están en riesgo de depresión adolescente?</h3> <p>La depresión puede ocurrir a cualquier edad, pero a menudo comienza en la adolescencia o al comienzo de la adultez. Ciertos adolescentes tienen un mayor riesgo de depresión, como quienes:</p><ul> <li>Tienen otras afecciones de salud mental, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html">trastornos de la alimentación</a> y uso de sustancias</li> <li>Tienen otras enfermedades, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a></li> <li>Tienen familiares con enfermedades mentales</li> <li>Tienen un conflicto familiar o una familia disfuncional</li> <li>Tienen problemas con amigos u otros compañeros en la escuela</li> <li>Tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html">discapacidades de aprendizaje</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html">trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad</a> (TDAH)</li> <li>Han sufrido un trauma en la infancia</li> <li>Tienen baja autoestima, una perspectiva pesimista o poca capacidad de enfrentar situaciones </li> <li>Son miembros de la <a href="../spanish/lgbtqhealth.html" tid="1919">comunidad LGBTQIA+</a>, especialmente cuando sus familias no los apoyan</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la depresión en adolescentes?</h3> <p>Si tienes depresión, uno o más de estos síntomas se presentarían con frecuencia:</p><ul> <li>Tristeza</li> <li>Sensación de vacío</li> <li>Desesperanza</li> <li>Sentir enojo, irritación o frustración, incluso por cosas menores</li> </ul> <p>También puedes tener otros síntomas, como:</p><ul> <li>No te importan las cosas que solías disfrutar</li> <li>Cambios de peso, como perder peso cuando no estás a dieta o aumentar de peso por comer demasiado</li> <li>Cambios en el sueño, como problemas para quedarte o permanecer dormido, o dormir mucho más de lo normal</li> <li>Sentirte inquieto o tener problemas para permanecer sentado</li> <li>Sentirte muy cansado o no tener energía</li> <li>Sentirte sin valor o muy culpable</li> <li>Tener problemas para concentrarte, recordar información o tomar decisiones</li> <li>Pensar en la muerte o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html">suicidio</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la depresión en adolescentes?</h3> <p>Si crees que estas deprimido, dile a alguien en quien confías, por ejemplo:</p><ul> <li>Padres o tutores</li> <li>Maestros o consejeros</li> <li>Médicos</li> </ul> <p>El siguiente paso es visitar a tu médico para un chequeo. Tu médico puede primero asegurarse de que no tienes otro problema de salud que esté causando la depresión. Para hacer esto, es posible que haga un examen físico y pruebas de laboratorio.</p> <p>Si no tienes otro problema de salud, obtendrás una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">evaluación psicológica</a>. Tu médico puede hacerlo o puede referirte a un profesional de salud mental para ello. Te pueden preguntar cosas como:</p><ul> <li>Pensamientos y sentimientos</li> <li>Cómo te va en la escuela</li> <li>Cualquier cambio en tu alimentación, sueño o energía</li> <li>Si piensas en suicidarte</li> <li>Si usas alcohol o drogas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la depresión en adolescentes?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos efectivos para la depresión en adolescentes incluyen psicoterapia o terapia de conversación o una combinación de psicoterapia y medicamentos:</p> <p><strong>Psicoterapia</strong></p> <p>La psicoterapia o terapia de conversación, también llamada apoyo psicológico, puede ayudarte a comprender y controlar tu estado de ánimo y sentimientos. Implica ir a ver a un terapeuta, como un psiquiatra, un psicólogo, un trabajador social o un consejero. Puedes expresar tus emociones a alguien que te comprende y apoya. También puedes aprender cómo dejar de pensar negativamente y comenzar a ver las cosas positivas de la vida. Esto te ayudará a aumentar tu confianza y sentirte mejor contigo mismo.</p> <p>Hay muchos tipos diferentes de psicoterapia. Se ha demostrado que ciertos tipos ayudan a los adolescentes a lidiar con la depresión, incluyendo:</p><ul> <li><strong>Terapia cognitiva conductual:</strong> Te ayuda a identificar y cambiar los pensamientos negativos e inútiles. También te ayuda a desarrollar habilidades para enfrentar los problemas y cambiar patrones de comportamiento</li> <li><strong>Terapia interpersonal:</strong> Se enfoca en mejorar tus relaciones. Te ayuda a comprender y trabajar las relaciones problemáticas que pueden contribuir a tu depresión. Esta terapia puede ayudarte a cambiar los comportamientos que causan problemas. También explora los principales problemas que pueden agregarse a tu depresión, como el duelo o cambios en la vida</li> </ul> <p><strong>Medicinas</strong></p> <p>En algunos casos, tu médico te sugerirá medicamentos junto con la psicoterapia. Algunos de los antidepresivos estudiados han demostrado que ayudan a los adolescentes. Si estás tomando medicamentos para la depresión, es importante que visites seguido a tu médico.</p> <p>También es importante saber que tomará algún tiempo para que los antidepresivos te ayuden:</p><ul> <li>Puede tomar de tres a cuatro semanas hasta que un antidepresivo haga efecto</li> <li>Puede que tengas que probar más de un tipo de antidepresivo para encontrar uno que funcione </li> <li>También puede tomar algún tiempo encontrar la dosis correcta de un antidepresivo</li> </ul> <p>En algunos casos, los antidepresivos pueden causar conductas o pensamientos suicidas en adolescentes. Este riesgo es mayor en las primeras semanas del tratamiento y cuando se cambia la dosis. <strong>Asegúrate de decirle a tus padres o tutor si comienzas a sentirte peor o tienes pensamientos sobre hacerte daño.</strong></p> <p>No debes dejar de tomar los antidepresivos por tu cuenta. Debes trabajar con tu médico para disminuir en forma lenta y segura la dosis antes de finalizar.</p> <p><strong>Programas para la depresión mayor</strong></p> <p>Algunos adolescentes que tienen depresión severa o que corren riesgo de lastimarse pueden necesitar un tratamiento más intensivo. Pueden ir a un hospital psiquiátrico o hacer un programa de día. Ambos ofrecen consejería, discusiones grupales y actividades con profesionales de la salud mental y otros pacientes. Estos programas pueden ser de día completo o de medio día, y suelen durar varias semanas.</p> Niños y adolescentes Salud mental y conducta Teen Depression Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Depresión después del parto Depresión postparto <p>Muchas mujeres sienten melancolía o tristeza después de haber dado a luz. Pueden sentir cambios en el estado de ánimo, sentirse ansiosas o abrumadas, sufrir crisis de llanto, pérdida de apetito o dificultad para dormir. Pero esto, generalmente, desaparece en unos días o una semana y los síntomas no son graves ni necesitan tratamiento. </p> <p>Sin embargo, los síntomas de la depresión postparto duran más tiempo y son más graves. La nueva mamá puede sentirse desesperanzada e inútil y puede perder interés por el bebé. También, puede sentir deseos de lastimarse o lastimar a su hijo recién nacido. Muy pocas veces, estas nuevas mamás desarrollan algo más serio. Cuando es así, tienen alucinaciones o tratan de hacerse daño o hacer daño a su bebé. En este caso, necesitan tratamiento urgente, generalmente en un hospital. </p> <p>La depresión postparto puede comenzar en cualquier momento dentro del primer año de haber dado a luz. No se conoce la causa, pero puede ser que los cambios hormonales y físicos después del parto y el estrés de cuidar a un bebé jueguen un papel importante. Las mujeres que ya sufrían de depresión, presentan un riesgo mayor. </p> <p>Si cree que sufre de depresión postparto, coméntele a su proveedor de cuidados de salud. El tratamiento con medicamentos, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">antidepresivos</a> y terapia puede ayudarle a sentirse mejor. </p> <p class="">Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE.UU </p> Mujeres Salud mental y conducta Embarazo y reproducción Postpartum Depression Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Depresión Postparto, Depresión Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Apoyo Internacional para el Posparto Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Apoyo Internacional para el Posparto Clinical depression Dysthymic disorder Major depressive disorder Unipolar depression <p>Depression is a serious medical illness. It's more than just a feeling of being sad or "blue" for a few days. If you are one of the more than 19 million teens and adults in the United States who have depression, the feelings do not go away. They persist and interfere with your everyday life. Symptoms can include:</p><ul> <li>Feeling sad or "empty"</li> <li>Loss of interest in favorite activities</li> <li>Overeating, or not wanting to eat at all</li> <li>Not being able to sleep, or sleeping too much</li> <li>Feeling very tired</li> <li>Feeling hopeless, irritable, anxious, or guilty</li> <li>Aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems</li> <li>Thoughts of death or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html">suicide</a></li> </ul> <p>Depression is a disorder of the brain. There are a variety of causes, including genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Depression can happen at any age, but it often begins in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/teendepression.html">teens</a> and young adults. It is much more common in women. Women can also get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/postpartumdepression.html">postpartum depression</a> after the birth of a baby. Some people get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seasonalaffectivedisorder.html">seasonal affective disorder</a> in the winter. Depression is one part of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html">bipolar disorder</a>.</p> <p>There are effective treatments for depression, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">antidepressants</a>, talk therapy, or both.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health</p> Mental Health and Behavior Depresión Depression Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Mental Health Antidepressants Bipolar Disorder Mental Disorders Mood Disorders Postpartum Depression Seasonal Affective Disorder Suicide Teen Depression Dysthymic Disorder Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert American Psychiatric Association Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health Video NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Family Caregiver Alliance Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists PDF Related Issues Mental Health America Children American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mental Health America Women National Institute of Mental Health NIH Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Health Check Tools Department of Veterans Affairs Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert NAMI Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Start Here American Psychiatric Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institute of Mental Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Lupus Foundation of America Living With American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists PDF Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Find an Expert American Psychological Association Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers National Library of Medicine NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Migraine Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Living With American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists PDF Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health NIH <h3>¿Cuáles son los derechos del paciente?</h3> <p>Como paciente, usted tiene ciertos derechos. Algunos están garantizados por la ley federal, como el derecho a obtener una copia de sus registros médicos y el derecho a mantenerlos privados y seguros. Muchos estados tienen leyes adicionales que protegen a los pacientes. Además, algunos estados, planes de seguro, organizaciones médicas y centros de atención de salud tienen su propia declaración de derechos del paciente.</p> <p>Otros ejemplos de derechos del paciente incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Ser tratado con respeto</li> <li>No ser discriminado en su atención de salud</li> <li>El derecho a rechazar el tratamiento</li> <li>El derecho al consentimiento informado</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué es el consentimiento informado?</h3> <p>El consentimiento informado es un derecho importante del paciente. Es un proceso en el que su profesional de la salud le entrega la información que necesita para tomar decisiones sobre su atención de salud. Los tipos de atención pueden ser tratamientos, procedimientos, pruebas genéticas o ensayos clínicos. La información debe incluir los riesgos y beneficios de la atención, así como detalles sobre su afección médica.</p> <p>Es importante que comprenda todo antes de dar su consentimiento. A veces, su proveedor le pedirá que firme un formulario para dar su consentimiento. Esto se llama consentimiento por escrito. Usted tiene derecho a cambiar de opinión en cualquier momento sobre este consentimiento.</p> <h3>¿Dónde puedo obtener ayuda con los derechos del paciente?</h3> <p>Hay diferentes recursos que pueden ayudar si tiene un problema con sus derechos como paciente:</p> <ul> <li>Muchos hospitales tienen un defensor o procurador de pacientes. Estas son personas que le pueden guiar a través del sistema de atención médica y asegurarse de que sus derechos sean protegidos</li> <li>Su estado puede tener recursos para ayudarlo, por ejemplo: <ul> <li>Su estado puede tener una oficina (llamada defensor del pueblo) para problemas con la atención a largo plazo</li> <li>El departamento de salud de su estado puede asistirle</li> <li>Los estados también tienen agencias de supervisión para compañías de seguros y varios tipos de centros y proveedores de atención médica. Estas agencias se aseguran de que estas organizaciones y proveedores cumplan con las reglas para que pueda recibir atención de calidad</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>El Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU. tiene una Oficina de Derechos Civiles (OCR, por sus siglas en inglés). Puede presentar una queja ante ellos si siente que ha sido discriminado en su atención de salud o si piensa que se han violado sus derechos de privacidad de la información médica.</p> Sistemas de salud Asuntos personales de salud Patient Rights Asuntos familiares Asuntos que enfrenta el enfermo terminal Historia clínica Seguridad del paciente Paciente, Derechos del Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos, Oficina de Salud de las Minorías Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH <p>Los derrames de petróleo a menudo ocurren debido a accidentes, cuando las personas cometen errores o equipos se descomponen. Otras causas incluyen desastres naturales o actos deliberados. Los derrames de petróleo tienen importantes efectos ambientales y económicos.</p> <p>Los derrames de petróleo también pueden <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/environmentalhealth.html">afectar a la salud humana</a>. Estos efectos pueden depender de qué tipo de petróleo se derramó y dónde (en tierra, en un río o en el mar). Otros factores incluyen qué tipo de exposición y la cantidad de exposición que hubo. Las personas que limpian derrames están en mayor riesgo. Los problemas pueden incluir irritación cutánea y ocular, problemas neurológicos y respiratorios, y estrés. No se sabe mucho acerca de los efectos a largo plazo de estos derrames.</p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Desastres Oil Spills Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Petróleo, Derrame Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Hospitales de Louisiana PDF Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental NIH <p>Como adolescente, pasas por muchos cambios físicos, mentales, emocionales y sociales. El cambio más grande es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/puberty.html">pubertad</a> el proceso por el cual se llega a la madurez sexual. Por lo general, ocurre entre los 10 y 14 para las niñas y los 12 y 16 para los varones. A medida que tu cuerpo cambia, puede que tengas preguntas sobre la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teensexualhealth.html">salud sexual</a>. </p> <p>Durante este tiempo, comienzas a desarrollar tu propia personalidad y opiniones. Algunos cambios que podrías notar incluyen :</p><ul> <li>Aumento de la independencia de tus padres</li> <li>Más preocupaciones sobre la imagen corporal y la ropa</li> <li>Más influencia de tus compañeros</li> <li>Mayor capacidad de sentir el bien y el mal</li> </ul> <p>Todos estos cambios a veces pueden ser abrumadores. Un poco de tristeza o mal humor puede ser normal. Pero sentirse muy triste, sin esperanza o sin valor podrían ser señales de advertencia de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html">problema de salud mental</a>. Si necesitas ayuda, habla con tus padres, un consejero escolar o un profesional de la salud.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Niños y adolescentes Salud mental y conducta Teen Development Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Pubertad Salud de los adolescentes Salud sexual del adolescente Adolescentes, Desarrollo de los Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría <p>¿Cuándo empezará a caminar mi bebé o dirá su primera palabra? La infancia en su primera etapa, desde el nacimiento del bebé hasta que cumple 5 años, es cuando se desarrollan las habilidades que utilizarán durante el resto de sus vidas. El crecimiento normal de los niños puede dividirse en las siguientes áreas:</p> <ul> <li> Habilidad motora: controlar la cabeza, sentarse y caminar</li> <li>Habilidad motora primaria: sostener una cuchara, sujetar un pedazo de cereal con un dedo y el dedo pulgar</li> <li> Sensorial: ver, escuchar, saborear, tocar y oler </li> <li>Lenguaje: ser capaz de hablar y hacerse entender y de comprender lo que dicen los padres u otros niños </li> <li>Social: habilidades para jugar con los familiares y con otros niños</li> </ul> <p>Los bebés no se desarrollan a la misma velocidad. Existe una amplia gama de lo que se considera "normal." Su bebé puede estar adelantado en algunas áreas y apenas un poco más atrasado en otras. Si le preocupan los posibles atrasos, consúltelo con el pediatra de su bebé.</p> Niños y adolescentes Infant and Newborn Development Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Desarrollo del niño Salud del niño pequeño Niño pequeño, Desarrollo Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría <p>Al crecer los niños, se desarrollan de diferentes maneras. El desarrollo del niño incluye cambios físicos, intelectuales, sociales y emocionales.</p> <p>Los niños crecen y maduran a velocidades muy distintas. Es difícil definir lo que es "normal". Pueden existir grandes diferencias de altura, peso y contextura entre los niños sanos dependiendo de la dieta, el ejercicio y los genes. Algunos niños comienzan la pubertad o están cerca de ella antes de ser adolescentes.</p> <p>Los niños empiezan a ser más independientes de sus padres. Pueden volverse rebeldes. También admiran lo externo, como a sus amigos, quienes suelen ser del mismo sexo. La aprobación de sus pares es muy importante. Su hijo puede probar algunos comportamientos nuevos para ser parte del "grupo". </p> <p>Éste puede ser un momento en el que los padres o los maestros identifican <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html">trastornos del aprendizaje</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbehaviordisorders.html">problemas de la conducta</a> en los niños. Estos problemas pueden empeorar a medida que pasa el tiempo, de modo que es importante buscar ayuda lo antes posible.</p> Niños y adolescentes Child Development Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Desarrollo del adolescente Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido Desarrollo del niño pequeño Trastornos de crecimiento Trastornos de la conducta del niño Trastornos del desarrollo Chicos, Desarrollo de los Niños, Desarrollo de los Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría <p>Dominar nuevas habilidades como caminar, hablar y dejar los pañales son hitos en el desarrollo. Es emocionante ver a su pequeño aprender cosas nuevas. El crecimiento normal de los niños menores de tres años incluye las siguientes áreas:</p> <ul> <li>Motricidad gruesa: Caminar, correr, trepar</li> <li>Motricidad fina: Comer por sí mismo, dibujar </li> <li>Sensorial: Ver, escuchar, saborear, tocar y oler </li> <li>Lenguaje: Decir sólo palabras al comienzo y luego oraciones</li> <li>Social: Jugar con otras personas, tomar turnos, jugar usando la imaginación</li> </ul> <p>Los niños pequeños no se desarrollan a la misma velocidad. Existe una amplia gama de lo que se considera "normal". Su niño puede estar adelantado en algunas áreas y apenas un poco más atrasado en otras. Si le preocupan los posibles atrasos, consúltelo con el pediatra de su niño.</p> Niños y adolescentes Toddler Development Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido Desarrollo del niño Salud del niño pequeño Niño pequeño, Desarrollo Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría <h3>¿Qué es la deshidratación?</h3> <p>La deshidratación es una afección causada por la pérdida de demasiado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">líquido del cuerpo</a>. Ocurre cuando pierde más líquidos de los que ingiere y su cuerpo no tiene suficientes líquidos para funcionar bien.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la deshidratación?</h3> <p>Usted puede deshidratarse por lo siguiente:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vómitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html">Sudar</a> demasiado</li> <li>Orinar demasiado (por ciertos medicamentos y enfermedades)</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li>No beber suficiente agua u otros líquidos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener deshidratación?</h3> <p>Algunas personas tienen mayor probabilidad de tener deshidratación:</p> <ul> <li>Adultos mayores: Algunas personas pierden la sensación de sed a medida que envejecen, por lo que no beben suficientes líquidos</li> <li>Bebés y niños pequeños: Tienen más probabilidades de tener diarrea o vómitos</li> <li>Personas con enfermedades crónicas que les causan orinar o sudar con más frecuencia: Como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html">fibrosis quística</a> o problemas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">renales</a></li> <li>Personas que toman medicamentos que les hacen orinar o sudar más</li> <li>Personas que hacen ejercicio o trabajan al aire libre cuando hace calor</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la deshidratación?</h3> <p>En adultos, los síntomas de deshidratación incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Tener mucha sed</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html">Boca seca</a></li> <li>Orinar y sudar menos de lo habitual</li> <li>Orina de color oscuro</li> <li>Piel seca</li> <li>Sensación de cansancio</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a></li> </ul> <p>En bebés y niños pequeños, los síntomas de deshidratación incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Sequedad de boca y lengua</li> <li>Llorar sin lágrimas</li> <li>No mojar los pañales por 3 horas o más</li> <li>Fiebre alta</li> <li>Tener sueño o somnolencia inusual</li> <li>Irritabilidad</li> <li>Ojos que parecen hundidos</li> </ul> <p>La deshidratación puede ser leve o lo suficientemente grave como para poner en peligro la vida. Consiga ayuda médica de inmediato si los síntomas también incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Confusión</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html">Desmayo</a></li> <li>Falta de micción</li> <li>Latidos rápidos</li> <li>Respiración rápida</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html">Shock</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la deshidratación?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene deshidratación, su profesional de la salud puede solicitar pruebas como:</p> <ul> <li>Hacer un examen físico</li> <li>Revisar sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitalsigns.html">signos vitales</a></li> <li>Preguntar por sus síntomas</li> </ul> <p>También puede solicitarle:</p> <ul> <li>Exámenes de sangre para verificar sus niveles de electrolitos, especialmente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html">potasio</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sodio</a>. Los electrolitos son minerales que tienen una carga eléctrica. Tienen muchas funciones importantes, como ayudar a mantener un equilibrio de líquidos en su cuerpo</li> <li>Exámenes de sangre para determinar su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">función renal</a></li> <li>Pruebas de orina para detectar deshidratación y su causa</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se trata la deshidratación?</h3> <p>El tratamiento para la deshidratación consiste en reemplazar los líquidos y electrolitos que ha perdido. Para casos leves, es posible que necesite beber mucha agua. Si pierde electrolitos, las bebidas deportivas pueden ayudar. También hay soluciones de rehidratación oral para niños que puede comprar sin receta.</p> <p>Los casos graves pueden tratarse con líquidos intravenosos en un hospital.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la deshidratación?</h3> <p>La clave para prevenir la deshidratación es tomar suficientes líquidos:</p> <ul> <li>Tome suficiente agua todos los días. Las necesidades de cada persona pueden ser diferentes, así que pregúntele a su profesional de la salud cuánto debe beber cada día</li> <li>Evite las bebidas que contengan azúcar y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">cafeína</a></li> <li>Beba líquidos adicionales cuando haga calor o cuando está enfermo</li> <li>Beba más líquidos cuando haga calor, especialmente si hace ejercicio o trabaja al aire libre. Si está perdiendo muchos minerales con el sudor, las bebidas deportivas pueden ayudar. Pero algunas bebidas deportivas tienen mucha azúcar, así que tenga cuidado de no beber demasiadas</li> <li>Obtenga líquidos adicionales cuando esté enfermo. Si tiene problemas para retener líquidos, puede intentar tomar pequeños sorbos de agua o chupar trozos de hielo</li> </ul> Síntomas Problemas del metabolismo Dehydration Diarrea Enfermedades causadas por el calor Equilibrio hidroelectrolítico Náusea y vómitos Sed Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Campaña Nacional de Safe Kids PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Desvanecimiento Síncope <p>El desmayo (o síncope) es una pérdida temporal de la conciencia. Si se esta por desmayar, usted se sentirá mareado, con vértigo o con nauseas. Puede que vea "todo blanco" o "todo negro". Su piel puede sentirse fría y húmeda. Puede perder el control de sus músculos y caerse. </p> <p>El desmayo suele ocurrir cuando la presión sanguínea <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html">baja</a> de repente y causa que el flujo de la sangre al cerebro disminuya. Esto es más común en las personas mayores. Entre las causas del desmayo se incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Calor o deshidratación </li> <li> Angustia</li> <li> Ponerse de pie demasiado rápido </li> <li> Algunas medicinas </li> <li> Descenso del nivel de azúcar en la sangre </li> <li> Problemas del corazón</li> </ul> <p>Si alguien se desmaya, asegúrese que las vías respiratorias estén despejadas para que pueda respirar sin problemas. La persona debe quedarse acostada unos 10 a 15 minutos. La mayoría de la gente se recupera por completo. Por lo general, los desmayos no son nada de qué preocuparse, pero a veces, pueden ser una señal de algún problema serio. Si se desmayó, es importante que vea a un médico y descubra por qué ocurrió. </p> <p class=""> NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Síntomas Fainting Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Desvanecimiento Síncope Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Alimentación insuficiente Mala o poca alimentación <p>Los alimentos proveen la energía y nutrientes que usted necesita para mantenerse saludable. Si usted no obtiene suficientes nutrientes - incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html">proteínas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html">carbohidratos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">grasas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">minerales</a> - usted puede sufrir desnutrición.</p> <p>Las causas de desnutrición incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Falta de nutrientes específicos en su dieta. Aún la falta de una vitamina puede conducir a desnutrición</li> <li>Una dieta poco balanceada</li> <li>Algunos problemas médicos como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malabsorptionsyndromes.html">síndromes de malabsorción</a> y cánceres.</li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas incluyen cansancio, mareo y pérdida de peso o puede no tener ninguno. Su doctor realizará los exámenes dependiendo de la causa de su problema. El tratamiento puede ser reemplazar los nutrientes que le faltan en la dieta y tratar el problema que causó la desnutrición. </p> Alimentos y nutrición Malnutrition Minerales en la dieta Nutrición Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido Nutrición del niño Nutrición para personas mayores Peso corporal Síndromes de malabsorción Vitaminas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Personas mayores Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de la Tiroides Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours <p>La retina es una capa de tejido en la parte posterior del ojo que percibe la luz y envía las imágenes al cerebro. Suministra la visión nítida y central necesaria para leer, conducir y ver los detalles más pequeños. Se llama desprendimiento de retina a la separación de la retina de su posición normal debido a un desgarro. Puede sucederles a personas de todas las edades pero es más común en personas mayores de 40. Este problema afecta más a los hombres que a las mujeres y a más blancos que afroamericanos. Las personas que presentan más riesgos también:</p><ul> <li>Son extremadamente miopes o cortos de vista</li> <li>Tienen un desprendimiento de retina en el otro ojo </li> <li>Tienen una historia familiar de desprendimiento de retina </li> <li>Han tenido cirugía de cataratas </li> <li>Tienen otras enfermedades o afecciones de la vista o del ojo </li> <li>Han sufrido una lesión en el ojo </li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas incluyen un aumento de flotadores (pequeños puntos o manchas que aparecen en la visión de una persona, o destellos de luz en los ojos). También, puede sentir la sensación de que existe una "cortina" en su campo de visión. </p> <p>El desprendimiento de retina es una emergencia médica. Si no se trata pronto, puede ocasionar pérdida de la visión permanente. Si usted presenta alguno de los síntomas, acuda a un oculista (médico de los ojos) inmediatamente. El tratamiento incluye varios tipos de cirugía. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo </p> Ojos y visión Retinal Detachment Instituto Nacional del Ojo Enfermedades de la retina Retina, Desprendimiento Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Cuidados post-operatorios Después de una operación Luego de una cirugía Post-operación Postoperación <p>Después de una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgery.html">operación</a>, usted sentirá algunos efectos secundarios. A veces hay dolor. También puede haber hinchazón e inflamación en el área de la incisión. Su cirujano puede avisarle qué efectos secundarios esperar.</p> <p>También puede haber complicaciones. Hay cosas que no se pueden prever. Algunas complicaciones pueden ser infecciones, sangrado excesivo, reacción a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anesthesia.html">anestesia</a> o una lesión accidental. Ciertas personas corren más riesgo de complicaciones porque tienen otras afecciones médicas.</p> <p>Su cirujano puede decirle cómo se va a sentir y qué puede - o no puede - hacer los primeros días, semanas o meses después de la cirugía. Algunas preguntas que usted puede hacer:</p> <ul> <li>Cuánto tiempo deberá permanecer en el hospital</li> <li>Qué tipo de cosas, equipos y ayuda podría necesitar cuando vuelva a casa</li> <li>Cuándo puede volver a trabajar</li> <li>Cuándo puede volver a hacer ejercicio</li> <li>Existen algunas otras cosas que no debe hacer</li> </ul> <p>Seguir las recomendaciones de su cirujano puede ayudarle a recuperarse más rápidamente.</p> <p class="">Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica</p> Cirugía y rehabilitación After Surgery Cirugía Cirugía, Después Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Eosinofilia <p>Los eosinófilos son un tipo de glóbulo blanco. Ayudan a combatir las infecciones y juegan un rol en la respuesta inmunológica del cuerpo. También se pueden acumular y causar inflamación. </p> <p>Normalmente, la sangre no contiene un gran número de eosinófilos. El organismo puede producir más de ellos en respuesta a:</p> <ul> <li>Trastornos alérgicos</li> <li>Afecciones de la piel</li> <li>Infecciones de parásitos o micóticas </li> <li>Enfermedades autoinmunes </li> <li>Algunos tipos de cáncer </li> <li>Trastornos de la médula ósea </li> </ul> <p>En algunos cuadros, los eosinófilos pueden salir del torrente sanguíneo hacia algunos órganos y tejidos. Esto puede ocurrir en diferentes partes del cuerpo, incluyendo el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicesophagitis.html">esófago</a>, corazón, pulmones, sangre e intestinos. El tratamiento puede variar, dependiendo de la causa y de la parte del cuerpo afectada. Con frecuencia, el tratamiento usa en parte <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a>.</p> Sistema digestivo Sangre, corazón y circulación Pulmón y vías respiratorias Sistema inmunitario Eosinophilic Disorders Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. <p>Algunos olvidos pueden ser parte normal del envejecimiento. Sin embargo, algunas personas tienen más problemas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html">memoria</a> que otras de su misma edad. Esta es una afección llamada deterioro cognitivo leve. La gente con deterioro cognitivo leve puede cuidarse a sí misma y puede desarrollar sus actividades normalmente.</p> <p>Los problemas de memoria del deterioro cognitivo leve pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li>Perder objetos frecuentemente</li> <li>Olvidarse de ir a programas y citas </li> <li>Tener más problemas para encontrar las palabras adecuadas en un momento dado que otras personas</li> </ul> <p>Su proveedor de cuidados de salud puede realizar pruebas de pensamiento, de memoria y del habla para determinar si usted sufre de deterioro cognitivo leve. También puede sugerirle consultar a un especialista para obtener más pruebas. Dado que el deterioro cognitivo leve puede ser una señal temprana de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">enfermedad de Alzheimer</a>, es muy importante ver a su proveedor de cuidados de salud cada 6 a 12 meses.</p> <p>En este momento no hay un tratamiento efectivo contra el deterioro cognitivo leve. Su proveedor de cuidados de salud puede ir examinando si aparece algún cambio en su memoria o proceso intelectual en el transcurso del tiempo.</p> Salud mental y conducta Personas mayores Cerebro y nervios Mild Cognitive Impairment Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Más información Spanish/Español Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación de Alzheimer Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación de Alzheimer Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos <h3>What are developmental disabilities?</h3> <p>Developmental disabilities are conditions that are usually present at birth. They can affect a child's growth and development. These conditions can cause physical, learning, language, or behavior issues. They can include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html">Learning disabilities</a>. These conditions affect the ability to learn.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html">Autism spectrum disorder</a> (ASD). This is a disorder that affects behavior, communication, and social skills.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebralpalsy.html">Cerebral palsy</a> (CP). This is a condition that affects movement, coordination, and balance.</li> <li>Physical disabilities. These could include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">blindness</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">deafness</a>.</li> <li>Conditions that can affect both physical and mental abilities. This could include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html">Down syndrome</a>.</li> </ul> <p>These conditions can cause lifelong challenges in learning. Completing daily tasks may be difficult. Early treatment may help your child learn important skills and make the most of their strengths.</p> <h3>What causes developmental disabilities?</h3> <p>Developmental disabilities are often present at birth. They can occur due to various reasons. These can include:</p> <ul> <li>Genetic or chromosome abnormalities. These cause conditions such as Down syndrome, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fragilexsyndrome.html">Fragile-X-Syndrome</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rettsyndrome.html">Rett syndrome</a>.</li> <li>Use of substances while pregnant. For example, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">drinking alcohol when pregnant</a> can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html">fetal alcohol spectrum disorders</a>.</li> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">infections during pregnancy</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html">Preterm birth</a> or low <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">birth weight</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>How are developmental disabilities diagnosed?</h3> <p>The way a developmental disability is diagnosed depends on the condition. Screening tests or a physical exam may be done to check for a medical problem. Other tests and questionnaires may help find out if your child has a developmental disability. These may include:</p> <ul> <li>Screening tests that are done during pregnancy or for newborns</li> <li>Developmental and behavioral screening tests or questionnaires to check if your child is developing on schedule</li> <li>Observing your child's behavior and how they interact with other people</li> <li>Testing your child's intellectual and school performance</li> <li>Asking about your family history</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for developmental disabilities?</h3> <p>If your child has a developmental disability, these are usually lifelong conditions. Often, there is no cure, but treatment can help the symptoms. Treatments can include:</p> <ul> <li>Physical, speech, and occupational therapy</li> <li>Special teaching methods</li> <li>Psychological counseling</li> <li>To keep track of how your child grows and changes over time</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Children and Teenagers Mental Health and Behavior Trastornos del desarrollo Developmental Disabilities Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Autism Spectrum Disorder Disabilities Down Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Learning Disabilities Mental Retardation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Academy of Family Physicians Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF In English and Spanish Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Center for Parent Information and Resources Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Center for Parent Information and Resources Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH DM Diabetes mellitus <h3>What is diabetes?</h3> <p>Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a disease in which your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood glucose</a>, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose is your body's main source of energy. Your body can make glucose, but it also comes from the food you eat. Insulin is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormone</a> made by your pancreas. Insulin helps move glucose from your bloodstream into your cells, where it can be used for energy.</p> <p>If you have diabetes, your body can't make insulin, can't use insulin as well as it should, or both. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells. This can cause glucose levels to get too high. Over time, high blood glucose levels can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html">serious health conditions</a>. But you can take steps to manage your diabetes and try to prevent these health problems.</p> <h3>What are the types of diabetes?</h3> <p>There are different types of diabetes:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">Type 1 diabetes</a></strong>. If you have type 1 diabetes, your body makes little or no insulin. It happens when your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin. </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">Type 2 diabetes</a>.</strong> This is the most common form of diabetes. If you have type 2 diabetes, your body may still be able to make insulin, but your cells don't respond well to insulin. They can't easily take up enough glucose from your blood.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html">Gestational diabetes</a>.</strong> This is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It happens when your body can't make the extra insulin it needs during pregnancy.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes diabetes?</h3> <p>The different types of diabetes have different causes:</p> <ul> <li>Researchers think <strong>type 1 diabetes</strong> is caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-1-diabetes/">genes</a> and factors in the environment that might trigger the disease.</li> <li><strong>Type 2 diabetes</strong> is caused by several factors, including lifestyle factors and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-2-diabetes">genes</a>. The lifestyle factors include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">not being physically active</a> and being overweight or having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>.</li> <li>Researchers think <strong>gestational diabetes</strong> is caused by the hormonal changes of pregnancy along with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gestational-diabetes/">genetic</a> and lifestyle factors.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop diabetes?</h3> <p>The different types of diabetes have different risk factors:</p> <ul> <li>You can develop <strong>type 1 diabetes</strong> at any age, but it most often starts in childhood. Having a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes may increase your chance of developing it.</li> <li>You are at higher risk of developing <strong>type 2 diabetes</strong> if you:</li> <ul> <li>Are overweight or have obesity.</li> <li>Are over age 35. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html">Children, teenagers,</a> and younger adults can get diabetes, but it is more common in middle-aged and older adults.</li> <li>Have a family history of diabetes.</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a>. This means that your blood glucose is higher than normal, but it's not high enough to be called diabetes.</li> <li>Had gestational diabetes.</li> <li>Have given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more.</li> <li>Are African American, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino, or Pacific Islander.</li> <li>Are not physically active.</li> <li>Have certain other health conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS).</li> </ul> <li>You are at higher risk of developing <strong>gestational diabetes</strong> if you:</li> <ul> <li>Are overweight or have obesity.</li> <li>Have a family history of diabetes.</li> <li>Had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy.</li> <li>Have given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more.</li> <li>Have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</li> <li>Are African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander.</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of diabetes?</h3> <p>The symptoms of diabetes may include:</p> <ul> <li>Feeling very thirsty</li> <li>Feeling very hungry</li> <li>Urinating (peeing) more often, including at night</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Blurry vision</li> <li>Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands</li> <li>Sores that do not heal</li> <li>Losing weight without trying</li> </ul> <p>But it's important to know that your symptoms may vary, depending on which type you have:</p> <ul> <li>The symptoms of <strong>type 1 diabetes</strong> usually come on quickly and can be severe.</li> <li>With <strong>type 2 diabetes,</strong> the symptoms often develop slowly, over several years. The symptoms can be so mild that you might not even notice them.</li> <li><strong>Gestational diabetes</strong> often has no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they may be mild. People who are pregnant are usually screened for this condition between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. </li> </ul> <h3>How is diabetes diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have diabetes, your health care provider will use one or more <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">glucose blood tests</a>. There are several types, including the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html">A1C test</a>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for diabetes?</h3> <p>Treatment for diabetes involves managing your blood glucose levels:</p> <ul> <li>If you have <strong>type 1 diabetes,</strong> you will need to take daily doses of insulin, either by injection or through a special pump. Some people also need to take another type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html">diabetes medicine</a> that works with insulin.</li> <li>If you have <strong>type 2 diabetes,</strong> you may be able to manage or even reverse it by making <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html">lifestyle changes</a>. These include eating a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html">healthy diet</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">staying at healthy weight</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">getting regular physical activity</a>. Some people also need to take diabetes medicines to manage their diabetes.</li> <li>If you have <strong>gestational diabetes,</strong> you may be able to lower your glucose levels by eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise. But be sure to talk to your provider about your treatment options. Gestational diabetes usually goes away after you give birth. But you will have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later.</li> </ul> <p>Checking your blood glucose levels is also an important part of managing your diabetes. Ask your provider about the best way to check your blood glucose level and how often you should check it.</p> <h3>Can diabetes be prevented?</h3> <p><strong>Type 1 diabetes</strong> can't be prevented.</p> <p>You may be able to delay or prevent <strong>type 2 diabetes</strong> through the same lifestyle changes that are used to manage diabetes (eating a healthy diet, staying at a healthy weight, and getting regular physical activity). These lifestyle changes may also help prevent <strong>gestational diabetes</strong>.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Older Adults Endocrine System Metabolic Problems Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases A1C Blood Glucose Diabetes and Pregnancy Diabetes Complications Diabetes in Children and Teens Diabetes Medicines Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetic Diet Diabetic Eye Problems Diabetic Foot Diabetic Heart Disease Diabetic Kidney Problems Diabetic Nerve Problems Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia Islet Cell Transplantation Pancreas Transplantation Prediabetes Diabetes Mellitus Sugar Diabetes Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk American Diabetes Association Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Heart Association Living With American Diabetes Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Genetics American Diabetes Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Find an Expert Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists Related Issues Joint Commission PDF Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Immunization Action Coalition PDF Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diabetes de comienzo en la edad adulta Diabetes no insulinodependiente <h3>¿Qué es la diabetes?</h3> <p>La diabetes, también conocida como diabetes mellitus, es una enfermedad en la que los niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">glucosa</a> (o azúcar) en sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa es la principal fuente de energía del cuerpo. Su cuerpo puede producir glucosa, pero también proviene de los alimentos que consume. La insulina es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormona</a> producida por el páncreas. La insulina ayuda a trasladar la glucosa del torrente sanguíneo a las células, donde se puede usar como energía.</p> <p>Si tiene diabetes, su cuerpo no puede producir insulina, no puede usarla como debería; o ambas cosas a la vez. Demasiada glucosa permanece en la sangre y no llega a las células. Esto puede hacer que los niveles de glucosa suban demasiado. Con el tiempo, niveles altos de glucosa en sangre pueden provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html">problemas de salud</a> graves. Pero usted puede tomar medidas para controlar la diabetes e intentar prevenir estas afecciones médicas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de diabetes?</h3> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de diabetes:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">Diabetes tipo 1</a></strong>: Si tiene diabetes tipo, su cuerpo produce poca o nada de insulina. Ocurre cuando el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> ataca y destruye las células que producen insulina</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">Diabetes tipo 2</a></strong>: Es la forma más común de diabetes. Si tiene diabetes tipo 2, su cuerpo puede seguir produciendo insulina, pero sus células no responden bien a ella y no pueden absorber fácilmente suficiente glucosa de la sangre</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html">Diabetes gestacional</a></strong>: Es un tipo de diabetes que se desarrolla durante el embarazo. Se produce cuando el cuerpo no puede producir la insulina adicional necesaria durante la gestación</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa la diabetes?</h3> <p>Los diferentes tipos de diabetes tienen diversas causas:</p> <ul> <li>Los investigadores piensan que la <strong>diabetes tipo 1</strong> es causada por genes y factores ambientales que pueden desencadenar la enfermedad</li> <li>La <strong>diabetes tipo 2</strong> es causada por varios factores, incluyendo estilo de vida y los genes. Los factores de estilo de vida incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">no ser físicamente activo</a> y tener sobrepeso u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Los investigadores piensan que la <strong>diabetes gestacional</strong> es causada por los cambios hormonales del embarazo junto con factores genéticos y de estilo de vida</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener diabetes?</h3> <p>Los diferentes tipos de diabetes tienen diversos factores de riesgo:</p> <ul> <li>Usted puede desarrollar <strong>diabetes tipo 1</strong> a cualquier edad, pero suele comenzar en la infancia. Tener un padre o hermano con diabetes tipo 1 puede aumentar sus probabilidades de tenerla</li> <li>Tiene un mayor riesgo de desarrollar <strong>diabetes tipo 2</strong> si: <ul> <li>Tiene sobrepeso u obesidad</li> <li>Es mayor de 35 años. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html">niños, adolescentes</a> y adultos jóvenes pueden tener diabetes, pero es más común en adultos de mediana edad y mayores</li> <li>Tiene antecedentes familiares de diabetes</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a>, es decir, su nivel de glucosa en sangre es más alto de lo normal, pero no es lo suficientemente alto como para ser diabetes</li> <li>Tuvo diabetes gestacional</li> <li>Ha dado a luz a un bebé que pesa nueve libras o más (4.08 kg)</li> <li>Es afrodescendiente, indio americano, asiático americano, hispano/latino o isleño del Pacífico</li> <li>No es físicamente activo</li> <li>Tiene otras afecciones de salud, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">síndrome de ovario poliquístico</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Tiene mayor riesgo de desarrollar <strong>diabetes gestacional</strong> si: <ul> <li>Tiene sobrepeso u obesidad</li> <li>Tiene antecedentes familiares de diabetes</li> <li>Tuvo diabetes gestacional en un embarazo anterior</li> <li>Ha dado a luz a un bebé que pesó 9 libras o más (4.08 kg)</li> <li>Tiene síndrome de ovario poliquístico</li> <li>Es afrodescendiente, hispana/latina, indígena estadounidense, nativa de Alaska, nativa de Hawái o de las islas del Pacífico</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la diabetes?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la diabetes pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Tener mucha sed</li> <li>Tener mucha hambre</li> <li>Orinar con más frecuencia, incluso de noche</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Visión borrosa</li> <li>Entumecimiento u hormigueo en pies o manos</li> <li>Llagas que no sanan</li> <li>Pérdida de peso sin intentarlo</li> </ul> <p>Sin embargo, es importante saber que sus síntomas pueden variar, según el tipo que tenga:</p> <ul> <li>Los síntomas de la <strong>diabetes tipo 1</strong> suelen aparecer rápidamente y pueden ser graves</li> <li>Con la <strong>diabetes tipo 2</strong>, los síntomas suelen desarrollarse lentamente, a lo largo de varios años. Los síntomas pueden ser tan leves que es posible que ni siquiera los note</li> <li>A menudo, la <strong>diabetes gestacional</strong> no presenta síntomas. Si tiene síntomas, pueden ser leves. Las personas embarazadas suelen hacerse pruebas de detección de esta afección entre las semanas 24 y 28 del embarazo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la diabetes?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene diabetes, su profesional de la salud usará uno o más <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/">análisis de glucosa en sangre</a>. Existen varios tipos, incluyendo la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html">prueba A1C</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diabetes?</h3> <p>El tratamiento para la diabetes implica controlar los niveles de glucosa en sangre:</p> <ul> <li>Si tiene <strong>diabetes tipo 1</strong>, necesitará dosis diarias de insulina, ya sea por inyección o a través de una bomba especial. Algunas personas también necesitan tomar otro tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">medicamento para la diabetes</a> que funciona con insulina</li> <li>Si tiene <strong>diabetes tipo 2</strong>, es posible que pueda controlarla o incluso revertirla haciendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html">cambios en su estilo de vida</a>. Estos incluyen llevar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html">dieta saludable</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">mantener un peso saludable</a> y hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física con regularidad</a>. Algunas personas también necesitan tomar medicamentos para la diabetes para controlarla</li> <li>Si tiene <strong>diabetes gestacional</strong>, es posible que pueda bajar sus niveles de glucosa con una dieta saludable y haciendo ejercicio con regularidad. Pero asegúrese de hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre sus opciones de tratamiento. En general, la diabetes gestacional desaparece después del parto, pero tendrá un mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 en el futuro</li> </ul> <p>Controlar sus niveles de glucosa en sangre también es una parte importante del control de su diabetes. Consulte a su profesional de la salud cuál es la mejor manera de controlar su nivel de glucosa en sangre y con qué frecuencia debe hacerlo.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la diabetes?</h3> <p>La <strong>diabetes tipo 1</strong> no se puede prevenir.</p> <p>Es posible retrasar o prevenir la <strong>diabetes tipo 2</strong> con los mismos cambios en el estilo de vida necesarios para controlar la diabetes (dieta saludable, mantener un peso saludable y hacer ejercicio regularmente). Estos cambios en el estilo de vida también pueden ayudar a prevenir la <strong>diabetes gestacional</strong>.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Personas mayores Sistema endocrino Problemas del metabolismo Diabetes mellitus Diabetes Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Complicaciones de la diabetes Cómo prevenir la diabetes Diabetes en niños y adolescentes Diabetes tipo 1 Diabetes tipo 2 Diabetes y el embarazo Dieta para diabéticos Glucosa en la sangre Hiperglucemia Hipoglucemia Medicinas para la diabetes Pie diabético Prediabetes Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes Problemas de los riñones asociados con la diabetes Problemas neurológicos asociados con la diabetes Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) Trasplante de células de los islotes Trasplante de páncreas Diabetes mellitus no insulino-Dependiente Diabetes tipo II Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Enciclopedia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Síntomas Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Gestational diabetes <h3>What is diabetes? </h3> <p>If you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood glucose</a>, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormone</a> called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1 diabetes</a>, your body does not make insulin. With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>, your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood.</p> <h3>What is gestational diabetes?</h3> <p>Some people already have diabetes before they get pregnant. But others may develop diabetes during pregnancy. This type of diabetes is called gestational diabetes. It usually develops around the 24th week of pregnancy. It happens when your body can't make the extra insulin it needs during pregnancy. Researchers think gestational diabetes is caused by the hormonal changes of pregnancy, along with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gestational-diabetes">genetic</a> and lifestyle factors.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop gestational diabetes?</h3> <p>Anyone who is pregnant could develop gestational diabetes. But you are more likely to develop it if you:</p> <ul> <li>Are overweight or have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li>Have a family history of diabetes</li> <li>Had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy</li> <li>Have given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS)</li> <li>Are African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander person</li> </ul> <h3>How do I know if I have gestational diabetes?</h3> <p>Gestational diabetes often has no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they may be mild, such as being thirstier than normal or having to urinate (pee) more often.</p> <p>If you are pregnant, you will most likely be screened for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. But if you have an increased chance of developing gestational diabetes, you may be tested during your first <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">prenatal visit</a>. Your health care provider will use one or more <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">blood glucose tests</a> to check for gestational diabetes. You may have the glucose challenge test, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), or both.</p> <p>For these two tests, you will drink a sugary liquid and wait for an hour before your blood sample is taken. If you have an oral glucose tolerance test, you will also get your blood drawn after 2 and 3 hours. </p><h3>How can diabetes affect my pregnancy?</h3> <p>Having diabetes during pregnancy can affect your health. For example:</p> <ul> <li>You are more likely to develop <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">preeclampsia</a>, a serious medical condition that causes a sudden increase in your blood pressure.</li> <li>You are more likely to need a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html">cesarean delivery</a>, because your baby is more likely to be bigger than average.</li> <li>Changes to your hormones and your body during pregnancy can affect your blood glucose levels. If you had diabetes before pregnancy, you may now need to adjust your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html">meal plan</a>, physical activity routine, and/or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html">medicines</a>. If you have any <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html">diabetes health problems</a>, they may get worse during pregnancy.</li> <li>Gestational diabetes usually goes away after you have your baby. But you will be at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later.</li> </ul> <p>Having diabetes during pregnancy can also affect the health of your developing baby:</p> <ul> <li>If you have high blood glucose levels at the beginning of your pregnancy, there is a higher risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">birth defects</a>.</li> <li>Your baby will be at risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life.</li> <li>Your baby is more likely to be <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html">born early</a>.</li> <li>Your baby may have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">breathing problems</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypoglycemia.html">hypoglycemia</a> (low blood glucose levels) right after birth.</li> <li>There is a higher risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html">miscarriage</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stillbirth.html">stillbirth</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>How can I manage diabetes during pregnancy?</h3> <p>There are steps you can take to manage your diabetes before, during, and after pregnancy.</p> <p>If you already have diabetes, the best time to control your blood glucose is <strong>before you get pregnant</strong>. High blood glucose levels can be harmful to your developing baby during the first weeks of pregnancy, even before you know you are pregnant. See your provider to help you plan for pregnancy. You can talk about how to lower the risk of health problems for you and your developing baby. You can also discuss your diet, physical activity, and which diabetes medicines are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html">safe during pregnancy</a>.</p> <p><strong>During your pregnancy,</strong> you will work with your provider to manage your blood glucose levels. You may be able to manage them with a healthy diet and regular physical activity. If that's not enough, then you will need to take diabetes medicines. It's also important that you: </p><ul> <li>Get regular prenatal checkups</li> <li>Take your prenatal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a></li> <li>Don't use <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">harmful substances</a> such as alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs</li> </ul> <p><strong>After pregnancy,</strong> there are steps you need to take to stay healthy:</p> <ul> <li>If you had gestational diabetes, you are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. You will be tested for it within 4 to 12 weeks after giving birth. Even if your blood glucose levels have returned to normal, you will need to get them tested every 1 to 3 years.</li> <li>If you already had diabetes before pregnancy, you and your provider will monitor changes to your blood glucose levels. They will tell you if you need to adjust your diabetes management plan.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Pregnancy and Reproduction Endocrine System Female Reproductive System Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes y el embarazo Pregnancy in Diabetics Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Japanese Korean Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Diabetes Health Problems in Pregnancy Gestational Diabetes Pregnancy and Diabetes Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development PDF NIH Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Diabetic complications <h3>What is diabetes?</h3> <p>If you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, your blood glucose, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a>, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy.</p> <p> With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1 diabetes</a>, your body does not make insulin. With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>, your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood.</p> <h3>What health problems can diabetes cause?</h3> <p>Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause complications, including:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html">Eye disease</a>, due to changes in fluid levels, swelling in the tissues, and damage to the blood vessels in the eyes.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticfoot.html">Foot problems</a>, caused by damage to the nerves and reduced blood flow to your feet.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html">Gum disease</a> and other dental problems, because a high amount of glucose in your saliva helps harmful bacteria grow in your mouth. The bacteria combine with food to form a soft, sticky film called plaque. Plaque also comes from eating foods that contain sugars or starches. Some types of plaque cause gum disease and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html">bad breath</a>. Other types cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html">tooth decay</a> and cavities.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticheartdisease.html">Heart disease</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, caused by damage to your blood vessels and the nerves that control your heart and blood vessels.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetickidneyproblems.html">Kidney disease</a>, due to damage to the blood vessels in your kidneys. Many people with diabetes develop <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>. That can also damage your kidneys.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticnerveproblems.html">Nerve problems</a> (diabetic neuropathy), caused by damage to the nerves and the small blood vessels that nourish your nerves with oxygen and nutrients.</li> <li>Sexual and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html">bladder</a> problems, caused by damage to the nerves and reduced blood flow in the genitals and bladder.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html">Skin conditions</a>, some of which are caused by changes in the small blood vessels and reduced circulation. People with diabetes are also more likely to have infections, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html">skin infections</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What other problems can people with diabetes have?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes, you need to watch out for blood glucose levels that are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperglycemia.html">too high</a> (hyperglycemia) or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypoglycemia.html">too low for you</a> (hypoglycemia). These can happen quickly and can become dangerous. Some of the causes include having another illness or infection and certain medicines. They can also happen if you don't get the right amount of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html">diabetes medicines</a>. To try to prevent these problems, make sure to take your diabetes medicines correctly, follow your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html">diabetic diet</a>, and check your blood glucose regularly.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Endocrine System Metabolic Problems Diabetes Mellitus Complicaciones de la diabetes Diabetes Complications Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Diabetes Diabetes and Pregnancy Diabetes in Children and Teens Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetic Eye Problems Diabetic Foot Diabetic Heart Disease Diabetic Kidney Problems Diabetic Nerve Problems Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Emergency Physicians Specifics American Diabetes Association Specifics American Diabetes Association Specifics American Diabetes Association Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Easy-to-Read Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Diabetes Association <p>Hasta hace poco, la diabetes más común en niños y adolescentes era la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">tipo 1</a> conocida también como diabetes juvenil. En este tipo de diabetes, el páncreas no produce insulina, que es una hormona que ayuda a que la glucosa entre en las células para darles energía. Sin insulina, demasiada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">azúcar</a> queda en la sangre. </p> <p>Hoy en día más personas jóvenes tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>. A esta diabetes se la solía llamar diabetes del adulto, pero ahora es también común en niños y adolescentes debido a una mayor <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html">obesidad</a>. En la diabetes tipo 2, el cuerpo no produce o no usa la insulina adecuadamente.</p> <p>Los niños y adolescentes están en mayor riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 si tienen sobrepeso u obesidad, tienen antecedentes familiares de diabetes o no hacen ejercicio. Los niños que son afroamericanos, hispanos, indios americanos / nativos de Alaska, asiáticoamericanos o isleños del Pacífico también tienen un riesgo más alto. Para disminuir el riesgo de diabetes 2 en niños y adolescentes:</p> <ul> <li>Ayúdeles a mantener un peso saludable</li> <li>Asegúrese que hagan ejercicio y se mantengan activos</li> <li>Sírvales porciones pequeñas de alimentos saludables y nutritivos</li> <li>Limite el tiempo que pasan frente al televisor, computadora o videos</li> </ul> <p>Los niños y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1 pueden necesitar insulina. La diabetes tipo 2 puede ser controlada con dieta y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforchildren.html">ejercicio</a>. Si eso no es suficiente, necesitarán tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">medicinas para la diabetes</a> orales o insulina. Un análisis de sangre llamado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html">A1c</a> puede comprobar cómo está manejando su diabetes.</p> Niños y adolescentes Sistema endocrino Diabetes mellitus Diabetes in Children and Teens Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Complicaciones de la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes tipo 1 Diabetes tipo 2 Dieta para diabéticos Medicinas para la diabetes Adolescentes, Diabetes Niños, Diabetes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Nemours <p>Until recently, the common type of diabetes in children and teens was <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1</a>. It was called juvenile diabetes. With Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose,or sugar, get into your cells to give them energy. Without insulin, too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">sugar</a> stays in the blood.</p> <p>Now younger people are also getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>. Type 2 diabetes used to be called adult-onset diabetes. But now it is becoming more common in children and teens, due to more <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html">obesity</a>. With Type 2 diabetes, the body does not make or use insulin well.</p> <p>Children have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes if they are overweight or have obesity, have a family history of diabetes, or are not active. Children who are African American, Hispanic, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian American, or Pacific Islander also have a higher risk. To lower the risk of type 2 diabetes in children:</p><ul> <li>Have them maintain a healthy weight</li> <li>Be sure they are physically active</li> <li>Have them eat smaller portions of healthy foods</li> <li>Limit time with the TV, computer, and video</li> </ul> <p>Children and teens with type 1 diabetes may need to take insulin. Type 2 diabetes may be controlled with diet and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforchildren.html">exercise</a>. If not, patients will need to take oral <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html">diabetes medicines</a> or insulin. A blood test called the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html">A1C</a> can check on how you are managing your diabetes.</p> Children and Teenagers Endocrine System Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes en niños y adolescentes Diabetes Mellitus Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases A1C Blood Glucose Diabetes Diabetes Complications Diabetes Medicines Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetic Diet Prediabetes Children and Diabetes Teens and Diabetes Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Living With Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American College of Emergency Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Living With Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Living With Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Videos and Tutorials Nemours Foundation Video DI <p>Diabetes insipidus (DI) causes frequent urination. You become extremely thirsty, so you drink. Then you urinate. This cycle can keep you from sleeping or even make you wet the bed. Your body produces lots of urine that is almost all water.</p> <p>DI is different from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> mellitus (DM), which involves insulin problems and high blood sugar. The symptoms can be similar. However, DI is related to how your kidneys handle fluids. It's much less common than DM. Urine and blood tests can show which one you have.</p> <p>Usually, DI is caused by a problem with your pituitary gland or your kidneys. Treatment depends on the cause of the problem. Medicines can often help.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Endocrine System Metabolic Problems Diabetes insípida Diabetes Insipidus Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Pituitary Disorders Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Endocrine Society Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diabetes del agua <p>La diabetes insípida causa deseos de orinar muy seguido. Las personas con diabetes insípida tienen mucha sed. Entonces toman muchos líquidos. Esto es lo que causa que estas personas sientan deseos de ir al baño tan seguido. El ciclo puede impedirles dormir o inclusive hasta orinarse en la cama. El cuerpo produce una gran cantidad de orina que es casi pura agua. </p> <p>La diabetes insípida es distinta de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> mellitus (DM), que implica problemas con la insulina y altos niveles de azúcar en la sangre. Los síntomas pueden ser similares. Sin embargo, la diabetes insípida se relaciona con la forma en la cual los riñones manejan los líquidos. Es mucho menos común que la mellitus. Los exámenes de orina y de sangre pueden revelar cuál es su caso. </p> <p>Por lo general, la diabetes insípida es causada por un problema con la glándula pituitaria o los riñones. El tratamiento varía dependiendo de la causa del problema. Las medicinas suelen ser de ayuda. </p> <p class=""> NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Riñones y sistema urinario Sistema endocrino Problemas del metabolismo Diabetes Insipidus Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades de la glándula pituitaria Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <h3>What is diabetes?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a> is a disease in which your blood glucose, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a>, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells.</p> With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1 diabetes</a>, your body does not make insulin. With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>,your body does not make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose can't get into your cells as quickly as usual. The glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood sugar levels.<p></p> <h3>What are the treatments for diabetes?</h3> <p>Treatments for diabetes can depend on the type. Common treatments include a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html">diabetic meal plan</a>, regular physical activity, and medicines. Some less common treatments are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html">weight loss surgery</a> for either type and an artificial pancreas or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/isletcelltransplantation.html">pancreatic islet transplantation</a> for some people with type 1 diabetes.</p> <h3>Who needs diabetes medicines?</h3> <p>People with type 1 diabetes need to take a diabetes medicine called insulin to control their blood sugar.</p> <p>Some people with type 2 diabetes can control their blood sugar with healthy food choices and physical activity. But for others, a diabetic meal plan and physical activity are not enough. They need to take diabetes medicines.</p> <p>The kind of medicine you take depends on your type of diabetes, daily schedule, medicine costs, and any other health conditions that you have. Over time, you may need to take more than one diabetes medicine.</p> <h3>What are the types of medicines for type 1 diabetes?</h3> <p>If you have type 1 diabetes, you must take insulin because your body no longer makes it. There are different types of insulin that start to work at different speeds, and the effects of each last a different length of time. Your health care provider will measure your blood glucose to decide on the type of insulin. You may need to use more than one type.</p> <p>You will also need to check your blood sugar at home. Your provider will tell you how often. The results of your blood sugar testing can help you make decisions about food, physical activity, and medicines.</p> <p>You can take insulin several different ways. The most common are with a needle and syringe, an insulin pen, or an insulin pump. If you use a needle and syringe or a pen, you have to take insulin several times during the day, including with meals. An insulin pump gives you small, steady doses throughout the day. Less common ways to take insulin include inhalers, injection ports, and jet injectors.</p> <p>In rare cases, taking insulin alone might not be enough to manage your blood sugar. Then you would need to take another diabetes medicine.</p> <h3>What are the types of medicines for type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>There are several different medicines for type 2 diabetes. Each works in a different way. Many of them are pills. There are also medicines that you inject under your skin, such as insulin.</p> <p>Over time, you may need more than one diabetes medicine to manage your blood sugar. You might add another diabetes medicine or switch to a combination medicine. A combination medicine contains more than one type of diabetes medicine in the same pill. Some people with type 2 diabetes take both pills and injections.</p> <p>Even if you don't usually take insulin, you may need it at special times, such as during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html">pregnancy</a> or if you are in the hospital.</p> <h3>What else should I know about taking medicines for diabetes?</h3> <p>Even if you take medicines for diabetes, you still need to eat a healthy diet, stop smoking, take your other medicines, and get regular physical activity. These will help you manage your diabetes.</p> <p>It is important to make sure that you understand your diabetes treatment plan. Talk to your provider about:</p> <ul> <li>What your target blood sugar level is</li> <li>What to do if your blood sugar gets too low or too high</li> <li>Whether your diabetes medicines will affect other medicines you take</li> <li>If you will have any side effects from the diabetes medicines</li> </ul> <p>You should not change or stop your diabetes medicines on your own. Talk to your provider first.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Endocrine System Drug Therapy Diabetes Mellitus Medicinas para la diabetes Insulins Hypoglycemic Agents Insulin Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Blood Glucose Diabetes Diabetes in Children and Teens Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Hypoglycemic Medicines Insulin Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Heart Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Endocrine Society Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Diabetes Association Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Food and Drug Administration Video Start Here Food and Drug Administration Diabetes insulinodependiente Diabetes juvenil <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> indica que el nivel de glucosa, o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">azúcar</a>, se encuentra muy elevado en la sangre. En la diabetes tipo 1, el páncreas no produce insulina. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda a que la glucosa penetre en las células para suministrarles energía. Sin la insulina, hay un exceso de glucosa que permanece en la sangre. Con el tiempo, los altos niveles de glucosa en la sangre pueden causarle <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html">problemas serios</a> en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticheartdisease.html">corazón</a>, los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html">ojos</a>, los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetickidneyproblems.html">riñones</a>, los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html">nervios</a>, las encías y los dientes.</p> <p>La diabetes tipo 1 ocurre con mayor frecuencia en los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html">niños</a> y adultos jóvenes, pero puede aparecer a cualquier edad. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Mucha sed</li> <li>Orinar frecuentemente</li> <li>Sentir mucha hambre o cansancio</li> <li>Pérdida de peso sin razón aparente</li> <li>Presencia de llagas que tardan en sanar</li> <li>Piel seca y picazón</li> <li>Pérdida de la sensación u hormigueo en los pies</li> <li>Vista borrosa</li> </ul> <p>Un análisis de sangre puede mostrar si tiene diabetes. De ser así, deberá tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">insulina</a> el resto de su vida. Un análisis de sangre llamado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html">A1c</a> puede comprobar cómo está manejando su diabetes.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Niños y adolescentes Sistema inmunitario Sistema endocrino Diabetes mellitus Diabetes Type 1 Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Complicaciones de la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes tipo 2 Dieta para diabéticos Medicinas para la diabetes Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) Diabetes juvenil Diabetes mellitus insulino-dependiente Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Diabetes de aparición en adultos Diabetes no insulinodependiente <h3>¿Qué es la diabetes tipo 2?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> tipo 2 es una enfermedad en la que los niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">glucosa o azúcar en la sangre</a> son demasiado altos. La glucosa es su principal fuente de energía. Proviene de los alimentos que consume. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa ingrese a las células para brindarles energía. Si tiene diabetes, su cuerpo no produce suficiente insulina o no la usa bien. Luego, la glucosa permanece en la sangre y no ingresa lo suficiente a las células.</p> <p>Con el tiempo, tener demasiada glucosa en la sangre puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html">problemas de salud</a>. Sin embargo, se pueden tomar medidas para controlar la diabetes y tratar de prevenir estos problemas de salud.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la diabetes tipo 2?</h3> <p>La diabetes tipo 2 puede deberse a una combinación de factores:</p><ul> <li>Tener sobrepeso u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">No hacer actividad física</a></li> <li>Genética e historia familiar</li> </ul> <p>En general, la diabetes tipo 2 comienza con resistencia a la insulina. Esta es una afección en la que sus células no responden normalmente a la insulina. Como resultado, su cuerpo necesita más insulina para ayudar a que la glucosa ingrese a las células. Al principio, su cuerpo produce más insulina para tratar de que las células respondan. Pero con el tiempo, su cuerpo no puede producir suficiente insulina y sus niveles de glucosa en la sangre aumentan.</p> <h3>¿Quiénes tienen riesgo de tener diabetes tipo 2?</h3> <p>Su riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 es más alto si:</p><ul> <li>Es mayor de 45 años: Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html">niños, adolescentes</a> y los adultos jóvenes pueden tener diabetes tipo 2, pero es más común en personas de mediana edad y mayores</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a>: Esto significa que su nivel de azúcar en sangre es más alto de lo normal, pero no lo suficientemente alto como para que sea diabetes</li> <li>Tuvo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html">diabetes durante el embarazo</a> o dio a luz a un bebé que pesaba 9 libras o más</li> <li>Tiene antecedentes familiares de diabetes</li> <li>Tiene sobrepeso u obesidad</li> <li>Es afroamericano, hispano o latino, indio americano, asiático americano o de las islas del Pacífico</li> <li>No hace ejercicio</li> <li>Tiene otras afecciones, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedad cardíaca</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">síndrome de ovario poliquístico</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a></li> <li>Tiene <a href="hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" tid="6786">colesterol bueno (HDL)</a> bajo y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html">triglicéridos</a> altos</li> <li>Tiene acantosis nigricans: Piel oscura, gruesa y aterciopelada alrededor del cuello o las axilas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la diabetes tipo 2?</h3> <p>Muchas personas con diabetes tipo 2 no presentan ningún síntoma. Si los tiene, los síntomas se desarrollan lentamente durante varios años. Pueden ser tan leves que no los note. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li>Aumento de la sed y la micción</li> <li>Aumento del hambre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Sensación de cansancio</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Visión borrosa</a></li> <li>Entumecimiento u hormigueo en los pies o las manos</li> <li>Llagas que no cicatrizan</li> <li>Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la diabetes tipo 2?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud realizará análisis de sangre para diagnosticar la diabetes tipo 2. Los análisis de sangre incluyen:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html">Prueba de A1c</a>: Mide su nivel promedio de azúcar en sangre durante los últimos 3 meses</li> <li>Prueba de glucosa plasmática en ayunas: Mide su nivel actual de azúcar en sangre. Debe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ayuno-para-examenes-de-sangre/">ayunar </a> (no comer ni beber nada excepto agua) durante al menos 8 horas antes de la prueba</li> <li>Prueba aleatoria de glucosa en plasma: Mide su nivel actual de azúcar en sangre. Se usa cuando usted tiene síntomas de diabetes y el profesional de la salud no quiere esperar a que ayune antes de realizarse la prueba</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diabetes tipo 2?</h3> <p>El tratamiento para la diabetes tipo 2 implica controlar sus niveles de azúcar en sangre. Muchas personas pueden lograrlo con un estilo de vida saludable. Es posible que algunas personas también necesiten tomar medicamentos.:</p><ul> <li>Un estilo de vida saludable incluye seguir un plan de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html">alimentación saludable</a> y realizar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física</a> con regularidad. Debe aprender a equilibrar lo que come y bebe con la actividad física y los medicamentos para la diabetes, si los toma</li> <li>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">medicamentos para la diabetes</a> incluyen medicinas orales, insulina y otros medicamentos inyectables. Con el tiempo, algunas personas necesitarán tomar más de un tipo de fármaco para controlar su diabetes</li> <li>Deberá controlar su nivel de azúcar en sangre con regularidad. Su profesional de la salud le dirá con qué frecuencia debe hacerlo</li> <li>También es importante mantener la presión arterial y sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">niveles de colesterol</a> en el rango establecido por su médico para usted. Asegúrese de hacerse las pruebas de detección con regularidad</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la diabetes tipo 2?</h3> <p>Puede tomar medidas para ayudar a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html">prevenir</a> o retrasar la diabetes tipo 2 al bajar de peso si tiene sobrepeso, consumir menos calorías y hacer más actividad física. Si tiene una afección que aumenta su riesgo de diabetes tipo 2, controlar esa afección puede reducir su riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Niños y adolescentes Sistema endocrino Diabetes mellitus Diabetes Type 2 Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Complicaciones de la diabetes Cómo prevenir la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes tipo 1 Dieta para diabéticos Medicinas para la diabetes Prediabetes Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Video Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Mujeres Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Insulin-dependent diabetes Juvenile diabetes Type I diabetes <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a> means your blood glucose, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a>, levels are too high. With type 1 diabetes, your pancreas does not make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose get into your cells to give them energy. Without insulin, too much glucose stays in your blood. Over time, high blood glucose can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html">serious problems</a> with your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticheartdisease.html">heart</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html">eyes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetickidneyproblems.html">kidneys</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticnerveproblems.html">nerves</a>, and gums and teeth. </p> <p>Type 1 diabetes happens most often in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html">children</a> and young adults but can appear at any age. Symptoms may include:</p><ul> <li> Being very thirsty </li> <li> Urinating often </li> <li> Feeling very hungry or tired </li> <li> Losing weight without trying </li> <li> Having sores that heal slowly </li> <li> Having dry, itchy skin </li> <li> Losing the feeling in your feet or having tingling in your feet </li> <li> Having blurry eyesight </li> </ul> <p>A blood test can show if you have diabetes. If you do, you will need to take <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html">insulin</a> for the rest of your life. A blood test called the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html">A1C</a> can check to see how well you are managing your diabetes.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Children and Teenagers Immune System Endocrine System Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes tipo 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases A1C Blood Glucose Diabetes Diabetes Complications Diabetes in Children and Teens Diabetes Medicines Diabetes Type 2 Diabetic Diet Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Juvenile Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Gluten Intolerance Group Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Eating Disorders Association NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Genetics American Diabetes Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Eating Disorders Association Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Find an Expert Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists Related Issues Joint Commission PDF Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Living With American Diabetes Association Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Type 2 Diabetes <h3>What is type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>Type 2 <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> is a disease in which your blood glucose, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a>, levels are too high. Glucose is your main source of energy. It comes from the foods you eat. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. If you have diabetes, your body doesn't make enough insulin or doesn't use insulin well. The glucose then stays in your blood and not enough goes into your cells.</p> <p>Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html">health problems</a>. But you can take steps to manage your diabetes and try to prevent these health problems.</p> <h3>What causes type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>Type 2 diabetes may be caused by a combination of factors:</p><ul> <li>Being overweight or having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Not being physically active</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/type-2-diabetes/#causes">Genetics</a> and family history</li> </ul> <p>Type 2 diabetes usually starts with insulin resistance. This is a condition in which your cells don't respond normally to insulin. As a result, your body needs more insulin to help the glucose enter your cells. At first, your body makes more insulin to try to get cells to respond. But over time, your body can't make enough insulin, and your blood glucose levels rise.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>You are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes if you:</p><ul> <li>Are over age 45. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html">Children, teenagers</a>, and younger adults can get type 2 diabetes, but it is more common in middle-aged and older people.</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a>, which means that your blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes</li> <li>Had <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html">diabetes in pregnancy</a> or gave birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more.</li> <li>Have a family history of diabetes</li> <li>Are overweight or have obesity</li> <li>Are Black or African American, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian, Asian American, or Pacific Islander</li> <li>Are not physically active</li> <li>Have other conditions such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS), or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a></li> <li>Have low <a href="hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" tid="6785">HDL (good) cholesterol</a> and high <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html">triglycerides</a></li> <li>Have acanthosis nigricans - dark, thick, and velvety skin around your neck or armpits</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms at all. If you do have them, the symptoms develop slowly over several years. They might be so mild that you do not notice them. The symptoms can include:</p><ul> <li>Increased thirst and urination</li> <li>Increased hunger</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Feeling tired</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Blurred vision</a></li> <li>Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands</li> <li>Sores that do not heal</li> <li>Unexplained weight loss</li> </ul> <h3>How is type 2 diabetes diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider will use blood tests to diagnose type 2 diabetes. The blood tests include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html">A1C test</a>, which measures your average blood sugar level over the past 3 months</li> <li>Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, which measures your current blood sugar level. You need to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fasting-for-a-blood-test/">fast</a> (not eat or drink anything except water) for at least 8 hours before the test.</li> <li>Random plasma glucose (RPG) test, which measures your current blood sugar level. This test is used when you have diabetes symptoms and the provider does not want to wait for you to fast before having the test.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>Treatment for type 2 diabetes involves managing your blood sugar levels. Many people are able to do this by living a healthy lifestyle. Some people may also need to take medicine:</p> <ul> <li>A healthy lifestyle includes following a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html">healthy eating plan</a> and getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular physical activity</a>. You need to learn how to balance what you eat and drink with physical activity and diabetes medicine, if you take any.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html">Medicines</a> for diabetes include oral medicines, insulin, and other injectable medicines. Over time, some people will need to take more than one type of medicine to control their diabetes.</li> <li>You will need to check your blood sugar regularly. Your health care provider will tell you how often you need to do it.</li> <li>It's also important to keep your blood pressure and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">cholesterol levels</a> close to the targets your provider sets for you. Make sure to get your screening tests regularly.</li> </ul> <h3>Can type 2 diabetes be prevented?</h3> <p>You can take steps to help <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html">prevent</a> or delay type 2 diabetes by losing weight if you are overweight, eating fewer calories, and being more physically active. If you have a condition which raises your risk for type 2 diabetes, managing that condition may lower your risk of getting type 2 diabetes.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Children and Teenagers Endocrine System Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes tipo 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases A1C Blood Glucose Diabetes Diabetes Complications Diabetes in Children and Teens Diabetes Medicines Diabetes Type 1 Diabetic Diet How to Prevent Diabetes Prediabetes Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Sugar Diabetes Type II Diabetes Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Living With National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics American Diabetes Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Find an Expert Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists Related Issues Joint Commission PDF Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Health Check Tools American Diabetes Association Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Diabetes Association Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diabetes gestacional <h3>¿Qué es la diabetes?</h3> <p>Si usted tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, sus niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">glucosa</a> o azúcar en sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que come. Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormona</a> llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa ingrese a las células para darles energía. En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo 1</a>, el cuerpo no produce insulina. En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>, el cuerpo no produce o no utiliza bien la insulina. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa permanece en la sangre.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la diabetes gestacional?</h3> <p>Algunas personas ya tienen diabetes antes de quedar embarazadas, pero otras pueden desarrollar diabetes durante el embarazo. Este tipo de diabetes se denomina diabetes gestacional y suele desarrollarse alrededor de la semana 24 del embarazo. Sucede cuando el cuerpo no puede producir la insulina adicional que necesita durante el embarazo. Los investigadores creen que la diabetes gestacional es causada por los cambios hormonales del embarazo, junto con factores genéticos y de estilo de vida.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar diabetes gestacional?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona que esté embarazada podría desarrollar diabetes gestacional. Pero es más probable que la desarrolle si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene sobrepeso u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Tiene antecedentes familiares de diabetes</li> <li>Tuvo diabetes gestacional en un embarazo anterior</li> <li>Ha dado a luz a un bebé que pesó 9 libras o más</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">síndrome de ovario poliquístico</a></li> <li>Es afroamericana, hispana/latina, indígena americana, nativa de Alaska, nativa de Hawaii o de las islas del Pacífico</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo sé si tengo diabetes gestacional?</h3> <p>La diabetes gestacional no suele presentar síntomas. Si tiene síntomas, pueden ser leves, como tener más sed de lo normal o tener que orinar con más frecuencia.</p> <p>Si está embarazada, lo más probable es que le hagan una prueba de detección de diabetes gestacional entre las semanas 24 y 28 del embarazo. Pero si tiene una mayor probabilidad de desarrollar diabetes gestacional, es posible que le hagan una prueba durante su primera <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html">visita prenatal</a>. Su profesional de la salud utilizará una o más <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/">pruebas de glucosa en sangre</a> para detectar la diabetes gestacional. Es posible que le hagan la prueba de sobrecarga oral de glucosa, la prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa oral (PTGO) o ambas.</p> <p>Para estas dos pruebas, usted beberá un líquido azucarado y esperará durante una hora antes de que le tomen una muestra de sangre. Si usted tiene una prueba de tolerancia a la glucose, también se le tomará una muestra de sangre después de dos y tres horas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puede la diabetes afectar el embarazo?</h3> <p>Tener diabetes durante el embarazo puede afectar su salud. Por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">preeclampsia</a>, una afección médica grave que provoca un aumento repentino de la presión arterial</li> <li>Tiene más probabilidades de necesitar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html">cesárea</a>, porque es más probable que tu bebé sea más grande que el promedio</li> <li>Los cambios en sus hormonas y en su cuerpo durante el embarazo pueden afectar sus niveles de glucosa en sangre. Si tenía diabetes antes del embarazo, es posible que ahora deba ajustar su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html">plan de alimentación</a>, su rutina de actividad física y/o sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">medicamentos</a>. Si tiene algún <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html">problema de salud relacionado con la diabetes</a>, es posible que empeore durante el embarazo</li> <li>La diabetes gestacional suele desaparecer después de que nace el bebé, pero usted tendrá un mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 más adelante</li> </ul> <p>Tener diabetes durante el embarazo también puede afectar la salud de su bebé en desarrollo:</p> <ul> <li>Si tiene niveles altos de glucosa en sangre al comienzo de su embarazo, existe un mayor riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">defectos congénitos</a></li> <li>Su bebé correrá riesgo de tener obesidad y diabetes tipo 2 más adelante en su vida</li> <li>Es más probable que su bebé <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html">nazca antes de tiempo</a></li> <li>Su bebé puede tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">problemas respiratorios</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypoglycemia.html">hipoglucemia</a> (niveles bajos de glucosa en sangre) inmediatamente después del nacimiento</li> <li>Existe un mayor riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html">pérdida del embarazo</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stillbirth.html">muerte fetal</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo manejar la diabetes durante el embarazo?</h3> <p>Hay medidas que puede tomar para controlar la diabetes antes, durante y después del embarazo.</p> <p>Si ya tiene diabetes, el mejor momento para controlar su nivel de glucosa en sangre es antes de quedar embarazada. Los niveles altos de glucosa en sangre pueden ser perjudiciales para su bebé en desarrollo durante las primeras semanas de embarazo, incluso antes de que sepa que está embarazada. Consulte con su profesional de la salud para que la ayude a planificar el embarazo. Puede hablar sobre cómo reducir el riesgo de problemas de salud para usted y su bebé en desarrollo. También puede hablar sobre su dieta, actividad física y qué medicamentos para la diabetes son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html">seguros durante el embarazo</a>.</p> <p><strong>Durante el embarazo</strong>, usted colaborará con su médico para controlar sus niveles de glucosa en sangre. Es posible que pueda controlarlos con una dieta saludable y actividad física regular. Si eso no es suficiente, deberá tomar medicamentos para la diabetes. También es importante que:</p> <ul> <li>Realice controles prenatales regulares</li> <li>Tome sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a> prenatales</li> <li>No consuma <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">sustancias nocivas</a> como alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilegales</li> </ul> <p><strong>Después del embarazo</strong>, hay medidas que debe tomar para mantenerse saludable:</p> <ul> <li>Si tuvo diabetes gestacional, corre el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2. Se le realizarán pruebas para detectarla entre 4 y 12 semanas después de dar a luz. Incluso si sus niveles de glucosa en sangre han vuelto a la normalidad, deberá realizarlos cada 1 a 3 años</li> <li>Si ya tenía diabetes antes del embarazo, usted y su profesional de la salud controlarán los cambios en sus niveles de glucosa en sangre. Le indicarán si necesita ajustar su plan de control de la diabetes</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Embarazo y reproducción Sistema endocrino Sistema reproductor femenino Diabetes mellitus Diabetes and Pregnancy Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Diabetes Problemas de salud durante el embarazo Diabetes gestacional Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH <h3>What is diabetes?</h3> <p>If you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood glucose</a>, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells.</p> <p>With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1 diabetes</a>, your body doesn't make insulin. With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>, your body doesn't make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood glucose levels.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html">Prediabetes</a> means that your blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes. If you have prediabetes, you are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes.</p> <h3>How do the foods I eat affect my blood glucose levels?</h3> <p>The glucose in your blood comes from certain foods called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html">carbohydrates</a>, or "carbs." Foods that are high in carbs include candy and sweets, sodas, breads, tortillas, and white rice. The more carbs you eat, the higher your blood glucose level will be.</p> <p>Whether you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, making the right food choices is an important way to keep your blood glucose at a level that is healthy for you. When you control your blood glucose, you lower your chance of having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html">serious health problems from diabetes</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html">vision loss</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticheartdisease.html">heart problems</a>.</p> <p>And if you have prediabetes or are at risk for diabetes, eating foods that keep your blood glucose levels healthy may help <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html">prevent type 2 diabetes</a> later on.</p> <h3>What's the best diet for diabetes?</h3> <p>There isn't a specific diet or meal plan that works for everybody. Your health care provider may have you see a registered dietician (RD) or a diabetes educator who can help design the best eating plan for you. The plan will consider:</p> <ul> <li>Any medicines that you take</li> <li>Your weight</li> <li>Any other health conditions you have</li> <li>Your lifestyle and tastes</li> <li>Your goals</li> </ul> <p>All eating plans for diabetes have a few things in common, including eating the <strong>right foods</strong> in the <strong>right amounts</strong> at the <strong>right times</strong>.</p> <h3>What foods should I eat if I have diabetes?</h3> <p>Eating the right foods for diabetes means eating a variety of healthy foods from all the food groups:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Fruits and vegetables</strong></li> <li><strong>Whole grains,</strong> such as whole wheat, brown rice, barley, quinoa, and oats</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html">Proteins</a>,</strong> such as lean meats, chicken, turkey, fish, eggs, nuts, beans, lentils, and tofu</li> <li><strong>Nonfat or low-fat dairy,</strong> such as milk, yogurt, and cheese</li> </ul> <h3>What foods should I limit to control my blood glucose?</h3> <p>To keep your blood glucose under control, you may need to cut back on certain foods and drinks. This doesn't mean that you can never enjoy them. But you will need to have them less often or in smaller amounts.</p> <ul> <li><strong>High-carb foods and drinks,</strong> such as: <ul> <li>Sugary foods, such as candy, cookies, cake, ice cream, sweetened cereals, and canned fruits with added sugar</li> <li>Drinks with added sugars, such as juice, regular soda, and regular sports or energy drinks</li> <li>White rice, tortillas, breads and pasta - especially those made with white flour</li> <li>Starchy vegetables, such as white potatoes, corn, and peas</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Fried foods</strong> and other foods high in saturated trans <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fats</a>.</li> <li><strong>Foods high in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">sodium</a></strong> (salt).</li> <li><strong>Alcohol.</strong> If you do drink, you should drink moderately. This means no more than one standard drink a day if you're a woman or two standard drinks a day if you're a man.</li> </ul> <h3>What else do I need to know about diabetic diets?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes, it's important to eat the right amount of food every day. Your eating plan will include how much to eat, so that you get the right amount of carbs in each meal or snack. You'll learn how to count carbs and measure your food.</p> <p>Eating at the right times is also important. You will want to plan for regular, balanced meals to avoid blood glucose levels that are too high or too low for you. Eating about the same amount of carbs at each meal can be helpful.</p> <p>Your eating plan will also teach you how to stick with your plan at home and when you eat out.</p> <p>Eating healthy to control your blood glucose does take some effort. But the reward is a chance to live your healthiest life with diabetes.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Endocrine System Food and Nutrition Diabetes Mellitus Dieta para diabéticos Diet, Diabetic Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Blood Glucose Diabetes Diabetes in Children and Teens Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Easy-to-Read Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Living With American Heart Association Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Easy-to-Read Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Health Check Tools American Diabetes Association Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Find an Expert Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With American Diabetes Association Diabetic retinopathy <h3>What is diabetes?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a> is a disease in which your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood glucose</a>, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells.</p> <p>With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1 diabetes</a>, your body doesn't make insulin. With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>, your body doesn't make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood glucose levels.</p> <h3>What eye problems can diabetes cause?</h3> <p>Over time, high blood glucose may damage the blood vessels and lenses in your eyes. This can lead to serious diabetic eye problems which can <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">harm your vision and sometimes cause blindness</a>. Some common diabetic eye problems include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Diabetic retinopathy</strong>, which is the leading cause of blindness in American adults. It affects blood vessels in the retina (the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of your eye). The blood vessels may swell and leak fluid into your eye. If it's not treated, it can cause serious problems such as vision loss and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldetachment.html">retinal detachment</a>, where the retina is pulled away from its normal position at the back of your eye.</li> <li><strong>Diabetic macular edema (DME)</strong>, which happens when blood vessels in the retina leak fluid into the macula (the part of the retina needed for sharp, central vision). This usually develops in people who already have other signs of diabetic retinopathy.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html">Glaucoma</a></strong>, a group of eye diseases that can damage the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opticnervedisorders.html">optic nerve</a> (the bundle of nerves that connects the eye to the brain). Glaucoma from diabetes happens when the blood vessels in the front of your eye are damaged, and new blood vessels grow near the iris (the colored part of your eye). The blood vessels block the space where fluid drains from your eye. This causes fluid to build up and pressure to increase inside your eye.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html">Cataract</a></strong>, which is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. It happens when the clear lens in the front of your eye becomes cloudy. Cataracts are common as people age. But people with diabetes are more likely to develop cataracts younger and faster than people without diabetes. Researchers think that high glucose levels cause deposits to build up in the lenses of your eyes.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop diabetic eye problems?</h3> <p>Anyone with diabetes can develop diabetic eye disease. But your risk of developing it is higher if you have diabetes and:</p> <ul> <li>Have had diabetes for a long time</li> <li>Don't have good control over your high blood glucose or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a></li> <li>Are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html">pregnant</a></li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">high blood cholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoke tobacco</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of diabetic eye problems?</h3> <p>In the early stages, diabetic eye problems usually don't have any symptoms. That's why regular dilated <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html">eye exams</a> are so important, even if you think your eyes are healthy.</p> <p>You should also watch for sudden changes in your vision that could be signs of an emergency. Call your eye care professional right away if you notice any of these symptoms:</p> <ul> <li>Many new spots or dark wavy strings floating in your vision (floaters)</li> <li>Flashes of light</li> <li>A dark shadow over part of your vision, like a curtain</li> <li>Vision loss</li> <li>Eye pain or redness</li> </ul> <p>Talk with your eye care professional if you have these symptoms, even if they come and go:</p> <ul> <li>Spots or dark wavy strings floating in your vision</li> <li>Blurry or wavy vision</li> <li>Vision that changes a lot</li> <li>Trouble seeing colors</li> </ul> <h3>How are diabetic eye problems diagnosed?</h3> <p>Eye care professionals do dilated eye exams to diagnose eye problems. A dilated eye exam uses eye drops to open your pupils wide so your eye care professional can look for signs of eye problems and treat them before they harm your vision. They will also test your vision and measure the pressure in your eyes.</p><p> </p><h3>What are the treatments for diabetic eye problems?</h3> <p>Treatment for diabetic eye problems depends on the problem and how serious it is. Some of the treatments include:</p> <ul> <li>Lasers to stop blood vessels from leaking</li> <li>Injections (shots) in the eye to stop new, leaky blood vessels from growing</li> <li>Surgery to remove blood and scar tissue or replace a cloudy lens</li> <li>Eye drops to lower fluid pressure in the eye</li> </ul> <p>But these treatments aren't cures. Eye problems can come back. That's why your best defense against serious vision loss is to take control of your diabetes and get regular eye exams. It's also important to keep your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">blood pressure</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html">cholesterol</a> in a healthy range.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Eyes and Vision Endocrine System Diabetes Mellitus Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes Diabetic Retinopathy Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Eye Institute Diabetes Diabetes Complications Vision Impairment and Blindness Diabetic Retinopathy Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Find an Expert American Foundation for the Blind Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Videos and Tutorials American Academy of Ophthalmology Video Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology Video Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Diabetes Association Images National Eye Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Ophthalmology Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Symptoms American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Eye Institute PDF NIH Related Issues National Eye Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Related Issues American Academy of Ophthalmology Video <h3>What is diabetes?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a> is a disease in which your blood glucose, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a>, levels are too high. Glucose comes from foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells.</p> <p>With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1 diabetes</a>, your body doesn't make insulin. With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>, your body doesn't make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose can't get into your cells as quickly as usual. The glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood sugar levels.</p> <h3>How does diabetes cause foot problems?</h3> <p>Foot problems are common in people with diabetes. They can happen over time when high blood sugar damages the nerves and blood vessels in the feet. The nerve damage, called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticnerveproblems.html">diabetic neuropathy</a>, can cause numbness, tingling, pain, or a loss of feeling in your feet.</p> <p>If you can't feel pain, you may not know when you have a cut, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blisters.html">blister</a>, or ulcer (open sore) on your foot. A wound like that could get infected. The infection may not heal well because the damaged blood vessels can cause poor blood flow in your feet.</p> <p>Having an infection and poor blood flow can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gangrene.html">gangrene</a>. That means the muscle, skin, and other tissues start to die. If you have gangrene or a foot ulcer that does not get better with treatment, you may need an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html">amputation</a>. This is a surgery to cut off your damaged toe, foot, or part of your leg. It may prevent a bad infection from spreading and could save your life.</p> <p>But there's a lot you can do to prevent a foot wound from becoming a major health problem.</p> <h3>How can I protect my feet if I have diabetes?</h3> <p>The best way to protect your feet is by controlling your blood sugar levels every day. This will help keep nerve and blood vessel damage from getting worse. The next step is to keep the skin of your feet healthy.</p> <p>Good foot care for people with diabetes includes:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Checking your feet every day.</strong> Look for cuts, redness, and other changes in the skin and toenails, including warts or other spots that your shoes could rub. Make sure to check the bottoms of your feet too.</li> <li><strong>Washing your feet every day.</strong> Use warm water and soap. Don't soak your feet because that can dry out your skin. After you dry your feet, you can use talcum powder or cornstarch between your toes. They soak up moisture that can cause infection. If you use lotion, don't apply it between your toes.</li> <li><strong>Asking your doctor how to remove <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cornsandcalluses.html">corns and calluses</a> safely.</strong> Thick skin on your feet can rub and lead to sores. But removing it the wrong way could damage your skin. So you don't want to cut the skin or use medicated pads or liquid removers.</li> <li><strong>Trimming your toenails straight across with a clipper.</strong> If it's hard for you to trim your own toenails, or if they're thick or curve into the skin, have a podiatrist (foot doctor) do it for you.</li> <li><strong>Always wearing well-fitting shoes and socks or slippers to protect your feet when walking.</strong> You don't want to walk barefoot, even indoors. And be sure your shoes are smooth inside. A seam or pebble could rub your skin raw.</li> <li><strong>Protecting your feet from heat and cold.</strong> Use sunscreen on exposed skin and don't walk barefoot at the beach. In cold weather, wear warm socks instead of warming your feet near a heater or fireplace.</li> <li><strong>Keeping the blood flowing in your feet.</strong> Put your feet up when you're sitting. Wiggle your toes and circle your feet throughout the day. Don't wear tight socks. And get plenty of activity that's not too hard on the feet, such as walking.</li> <li><strong>Getting your feet checked at your health care visits.</strong> Even if you haven't noticed a problem, it's good to have your health care provider look at your feet.</li> </ul> <h3>When should I see my health care provider about diabetic foot problems?</h3> <p>Serious foot problems can develop quickly. See your health care provider right away if you notice:</p> <ul> <li>A cut, blister, or bruise on your feet that doesn't start to heal in a few days</li> <li>Red, warm, or painful skin on your feet</li> <li>A callus with dried blood inside</li> <li>A foot infection that becomes black and smells bad that could be gangrene</li> </ul> <p>Remember, controlling your blood sugar and caring for your feet every day are the best steps you can take to prevent serious diabetic foot problems.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Bones, Joints and Muscles Brain and Nerves Endocrine System Diabetes Mellitus Pie diabético Diabetic Foot Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Diabetes Diabetes Complications Diabetic Nerve Problems Foot Health Foot Injuries and Disorders Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Infographic Living With American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Living With American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Images VisualDX Find an Expert American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Learn More National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Diabetes Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Living With American Diabetes Association Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <h3>What is diabetes?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a> is a disease in which your blood glucose, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a>, levels are too high. Glucose comes from foods you eat. The cells of your body need glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin helps the glucose get into your cells.</p> <p>With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1 diabetes</a>, your body doesn't make insulin. With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>, your body doesn't make or use insulin well. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in your blood and causes high blood sugar levels.</p> <h3>What is diabetic heart disease?</h3> <p>Diabetic heart disease is a term for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a> in people who have diabetes. If you have diabetes, you are much more likely to develop heart disease or have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a> than people who don't have diabetes. And you may start having these problems at a younger age.</p> <p>Over time, the effects of high blood sugar from diabetes can include damage to the blood vessels and nerves in your heart. This damage increases your chance of developing heart diseases, including:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="coronaryarterydisease.html" tid="1276">Coronary artery disease (CAD)</a>.</strong> It happens slowly as a sticky material called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">plaque builds up in the arteries</a> that supply your heart muscle with blood.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure</a>.</strong> With this condition, your heart can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood to meet the needs of your body.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiomyopathy.html">Cardiomyopathy</a>.</strong> This is a group of diseases in which the heart muscle may become thick or stiff.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop diabetic heart disease?</h3> <p>Diabetes puts you at serious risk for heart disease. It also makes you more likely to develop other conditions that raise your risk even more, including:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a></li> <li>High blood levels of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL &quot;bad&quot; cholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html">High triglycerides</a> (a type of fat in your blood) with low blood levels of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL &quot;good&quot; cholesterol</a></li> </ul> <p>Your risk for heart disease is also higher if you</p> <ul> <li>Are male</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoke</a></li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li>Have too much belly fat around your waist, even though you're at a healthy weight: <ul> <li>For men, that's a waist more than 40 inches</li> <li>For women, that's a waist more than 35 inches</li> </ul> </li> <li>Have a family history of heart disease</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">chronic kidney disease</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of diabetic heart disease?</h3> <p>In the early stages, heart disease usually doesn't have any symptoms. But if your heart disease worsens, you can have symptoms. Your symptoms will depend on the type of heart disease you have. They might include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html">fainting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">Arrhythmia</a> (problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html">Swollen feet and ankles</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a></li> </ul> <p>It's important to know that people with diabetes may not feel chest pain. That's because diabetes can damage the nerves in your heart. If you have any symptoms that could be heart disease, talk with your health care provider.</p> <h3>How is diabetic heart disease diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have diabetic heart disease, your provider will:</p> <ul> <li>Ask about your <strong>medical history</strong>, including your symptoms and other health conditions you may have</li> <li>Ask about your <strong>family history</strong>, to find out if you have relatives who have or had heart disease</li> <li>Do a <strong>physical exam</strong></li> <li>Likely run some <strong>tests</strong> to help understand your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/heart-disease-risk-assessment/">personal risk for heart disease</a>, including: <ul> <li>Blood tests to check your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/&quot;&quot;">cholesterol</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triglycerides-test/">triglycerides</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">blood sugar levels</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/">A blood-pressure check</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">Heart tests</a>, if needed</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Depending on your risk level, your provider may send you to a cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in heart diseases) for care. If you do have heart disease, treatment will depend on the type of heart disease you have.</p> <h3>How can I prevent diabetic heart disease?</h3> <p>You may be able to prevent heart disease or keep it from getting worse by working with your provider to:</p> <ul> <li>Control your blood sugar levels</li> <li>Manage other conditions you may have that can raise your risk for heart disease </li> <li>Take any medicines your provider prescribed</li> <li>Make <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">heart-healthy habits</a> part of your daily life</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html">Follow a healthy eating plan for diabetes</a></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Endocrine System Diabetes Mellitus Problemas del corazón asociados con la diabetes Diabetes Mellitus Heart Diseases Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Cardiomyopathy Coronary Artery Disease Diabetes Diabetes Complications Heart Failure Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Find an Expert American Heart Association Start Here American Heart Association Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Heart Association Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Heart Association Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Heart Association Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diabetic nephropathy <p>If you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, your blood glucose, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a>, levels are too high. Over time, this can damage your kidneys. Your kidneys clean your blood. If they are damaged, waste and fluids build up in your blood instead of leaving your body.</p> <p>Kidney damage from diabetes is called diabetic nephropathy. It begins long before you have symptoms. People with diabetes should get regular screenings for kidney disease. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">Tests</a> include a urine test to detect protein in your urine and a blood test to show how well your kidneys are working.</p> <p>If the damage continues, your kidneys could fail. In fact, diabetes is the most common cause of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html">kidney failure</a> in the United States. People with kidney failure need either <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">dialysis</a> or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html">kidney transplant</a>.</p> <p>You can slow down kidney damage or keep it from getting worse. Controlling your blood sugar and blood pressure, taking your medicines and not eating too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html">protein</a> can help.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Endocrine System Diabetes Mellitus Problemas de los riñones asociados con la diabetes Diabetic Nephropathies Arabic Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Diabetes Diabetes Complications Kidney Failure Kidney Tests Kidney Transplantation Diabetic Nephropathy Specifics National Kidney Foundation Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Treatments and Therapies American Diabetes Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Kidney Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With National Kidney Foundation Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Kidney Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Kidney Foundation Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diabetic neuropathy <p>If you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, your blood glucose, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a>, levels are too high. Over time, this can damage the covering on your nerves or the blood vessels that bring oxygen to your nerves. Damaged nerves may stop sending messages, or may send messages slowly or at the wrong times. </p> <p>This damage is called diabetic neuropathy. Over half of people with diabetes get it. Symptoms may include:</p><ul> <li>Numbness in your hands, legs, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticfoot.html">feet</a></li> <li>Shooting pains, burning, or tingling</li> <li>Nausea, vomiting, constipation, or diarrhea</li> <li>Problems with sexual function</li> <li>Urinary problems</li> <li>Dizziness when you change positions quickly</li> </ul> <p>Your doctor will diagnose diabetic neuropathy with a physical exam and nerve tests. Controlling your blood sugar can help prevent nerve problems, or keep them from getting worse. Treatment may include pain relief and other medicines.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Brain and Nerves Endocrine System Diabetes Mellitus Problemas neurológicos asociados con la diabetes Diabetic Neuropathies Arabic Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Diabetes Diabetes Complications Diabetic Foot Peripheral Nerve Disorders Neuropathy Specifics American Diabetes Association Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Symptoms Foundation for Peripheral Neuropathy Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Neurology PDF Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Imaging <p>Diagnostic imaging lets doctors look inside your body for clues about a medical condition. A variety of machines and techniques can create pictures of the structures and activities inside your body. The type of imaging your doctor uses depends on your symptoms and the part of your body being examined. They include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">X-rays</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scans</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nuclearscans.html">Nuclear medicine scans</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI scans</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">Ultrasound</a></li> </ul> <p>Many imaging tests are painless and easy. Some require you to stay still for a long time inside a machine. This can be uncomfortable. Certain tests involve exposure to a small amount of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html">radiation</a>.</p> <p>For some imaging tests, doctors insert a tiny camera attached to a long, thin tube into your body. This tool is called a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html">scope</a>. The doctor moves it through a body passageway or opening to see inside a particular organ, such as your heart, lungs, or colon. These procedures often require anesthesia.</p> Diagnostic Tests Diagnóstico por imágenes Diagnostic Imaging Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Bioimaging Learn More American College of Radiology Learn More Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Learn More Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF In English and Spanish Learn More Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Learn More Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Learn More Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Learn More Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Learn More American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF In English and Spanish Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Nemours Foundation Abusar de sustancias y tener enfermedad mental <h3>¿Qué es un diagnóstico doble?</h3> <p>Si tiene un diagnóstico doble o dual, significa que tiene tanto un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">trastorno mental</a> como un trastorno por uso de sustancias, ya sea con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">alcohol</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas</a>. Un diagnóstico doble es un tipo de comorbilidad, que ocurre cuando una persona presenta dos trastornos al mismo tiempo. Otros nombres para esto son comorbilidad, patología dual o trastornos concurrentes.</p> <p>A menudo, los trastornos mentales y por uso de sustancias ocurren juntos. A muchas personas que desarrollan un trastorno por uso de sustancias también se les diagnostica enfermedades mentales. Y lo contrario es cierto; muchas personas con trastornos mentales tendrán un trastorno por consumo de sustancias . Tener ambos tipos de afecciones es aún más común en adolescentes, personas con enfermedades mentales graves y personas con ciertos trastornos mentales.</p> <h3>¿Por qué los trastornos por uso de sustancias y los trastornos mentales ocurren juntos?</h3> <p>Aunque estos problemas suelen ocurrir juntos, esto no significa que uno haya causado el otro, incluso si uno apareció primero. De hecho, puede resultar difícil determinar cuál ocurrió primero.</p> <p>Los investigadores creen que hay tres posibles razones por las que suelen ocurrir juntos:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Los factores de riesgo comunes pueden contribuir tanto a los trastornos mentales como al trastorno por uso de sustancias.</strong> Estos factores incluyen: <ul> <li>Genética</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">Estrés</a></li> <li>Trauma, especialmente en la infancia. Los veteranos con trastorno de <a href="../spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" tid="2099">estrés postraumático (TEPT)</a> también corren riesgo de sufrir trastorno por consumo de sustancias</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Los trastornos mentales pueden contribuir al consumo de drogas y al trastorno por uso de sustancias.</strong> Por ejemplo, las personas con trastornos mentales pueden consumir drogas o alcohol para intentar sentirse mejor por un tiempo. Esto se conoce como automedicación. Además, los trastornos mentales pueden cambiar el cerebro para aumentar la probabilidad de que una persona se vuelva adicta</li> <li><strong>El uso de sustancias y la adicción pueden contribuir al desarrollo de un trastorno mental.</strong> El consumo de sustancias puede cambiar el cerebro de manera que sea más probable que una persona tenga un trastorno mental</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el diagnóstico dual?</h3> <p>Si tiene un diagnóstico doble, en general es mejor tratar ambas afecciones al mismo tiempo que por separado. Usted y su profesional de la salud pueden trabajar en un plan de tratamiento que se ajuste a sus necesidades. El plan debe tener en cuenta su edad, qué sustancias está consumiendo y qué trastorno mental específico padece. El plan puede incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Terapia conductual</strong>, como terapia de conversación (psicoterapia), tratamiento residencial a largo plazo (que combina servicios de alojamiento y tratamiento) y terapias para ayudarle a mantenerse motivado para seguir su plan de tratamiento</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong>: Existen medicamentos eficaces que tratan la adicción a los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html">opioides</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html">alcohol</a> y la nicotina. También existen medicamentos que pueden disminuir los síntomas de muchos problemas mentales. Algunos medicamentos pueden tratar más de un trastorno</li> <li><strong>Una referencia a un grupo de apoyo:</strong> Los grupos de apoyo pueden brindarle apoyo emocional y social. También es un lugar donde las personas pueden compartir consejos sobre cómo afrontar los desafíos del día a día</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el diagnóstico doble?</h3> <p>Una persona con un diagnóstico doble debe tratar ambas afecciones. Para que el tratamiento sea efectivo, debe dejar de consumir alcohol o drogas. Los tratamientos pueden incluir terapias conductuales y medicamentos. Además, los grupos de apoyo pueden brindarle apoyo emocional y social. También son un lugar donde las personas pueden compartir consejos sobre cómo lidiar con los desafíos diarios.</p> <p class=""> NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas </p> Salud mental y conducta Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Dual Diagnosis Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Más información Spanish/Español Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales PDF Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias PDF <p>El diagnóstico por imágenes permite a los profesionales de la salud observar el interior del cuerpo para buscar indicios de una afección médica. Una variedad de aparatos y técnicas pueden crear imágenes de las estructuras y procesos dentro de su cuerpo. El tipo de imagen que use el médico dependerá de sus síntomas y de la parte del cuerpo que debe examinarse. Estas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">Rayos X</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">Tomografías computarizadas</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nuclearscans.html">Estudios de medicina nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html"> Imágenes por resonancia magnética</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">Ecografías</a></li> </ul> <p>Muchas pruebas por imágenes no duelen y son fáciles de realizar. Algunas requieren que permanezca inmóvil por un largo período de tiempo dentro de un aparato. Esto puede resultar incómodo. Algunas pruebas pueden incluir dosis bajas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html">radiación</a>.</p> <p>En algunos estudios por imágenes, se introduce en el cuerpo una cámara diminuta unida a un tubo largo y delgado. Esta herramienta se llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html">tubo visor</a>. El médico lo mueve a través de un conducto del cuerpo o una apertura para observar el interior de un órgano en particular, como el corazón, los pulmones o el colon. Estos procedimientos suelen requerir anestesia.</p> Pruebas de diagnóstico Diagnostic Imaging Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería Examen de TAC (Tomografía axial computadorizada) Pruebas de medicina nuclear Pruebas radionúclidas RM Radiología Ultrasonido Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería NIH Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Renal dialysis <p>When your kidneys are healthy, they clean your blood. They also make hormones that keep your bones strong and your blood healthy. When your kidneys fail, you need treatment to replace the work your kidneys used to do. Unless you have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html">kidney transplant</a>, you will need a treatment called dialysis.</p> <p>There are two main types of dialysis. Both types filter your blood to rid your body of harmful wastes, extra salt, and water.:</p><ul> <li>Hemodialysis uses a machine. It is sometimes called an artificial kidney. You usually go to a special clinic for treatments several times a week.</li> <li>Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of your abdomen, called the peritoneal membrane, to filter your blood.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Diálisis Renal Dialysis Arabic Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Kidney Cysts Kidney Failure Peritoneal Disorders Hemodialysis Peritoneal Dialysis Renal Dialysis Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services PDF Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Specifics National Kidney Foundation Living With National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Related Issues Life Options Rehabilitation Program PDF Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Start Here National Kidney Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Kidney Foundation Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Specifics National Kidney Foundation Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Life Options Rehabilitation Program PDF Related Issues Life Options Rehabilitation Program PDF Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Kidney Foundation Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH <h3>¿Qué es la diarrea?</h3> <p>Se le llama diarrea a las heces acuosas y blandas. Usted tiene diarrea si evacúa heces sueltas tres o más veces en un día. La diarrea aguda dura un corto tiempo y es un problema común. Por lo general, dura uno o dos días, pero puede durar más tiempo. Luego desaparece sola.</p> <p>La diarrea que dura más de algunos días puede ser un signo de un problema más serio. La diarrea crónica, que dura al menos cuatro semanas, puede ser un síntoma de una enfermedad crónica. Los síntomas de la diarrea crónica pueden ser continuos o pueden aparecer y desaparecer.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la diarrea?</h3> <p>Las causas más comunes de diarrea incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">Contaminación</a> por bacterias en alimentos o agua </li> <li>Virus como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/norovirusinfections.html">norovirus</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotavirusinfections.html">rotavirus</a>. El rotavirus es la causa más común de diarrea aguda en niños</li> <li>Parásitos: Pequeños organismos que se encuentran en alimentos o agua contaminados</li> <li>Medicamentos como antibióticos, medicamentos contra el cáncer y antiácidos que contienen magnesio</li> <li>Intolerancia y sensibilidad a ciertos alimentos: Problemas para digerir ciertos ingredientes o comidas, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html">intolerancia a la lactosa</a></li> <li>Enfermedades del estómago, el intestino delgado o el colon, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html">enfermedad de Crohn</a></li> <li>Problemas del funcionamiento del colon, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html">síndrome del intestino irritable</a></li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas también tienen diarrea después de una cirugía de estómago, esto es porque a veces algunas cirugías pueden hacer que la comida se mueva más rápido por su sistema digestivo.</p> <p>A veces no se encuentra una causa. Si la diarrea desaparece después de unos días, por lo general no es necesario buscar su origen.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener diarrea?</h3> <p>Personas de todas las edades pueden tener diarrea. En promedio, los adultos en los Estados Unidos tienen diarrea aguda una vez al año. Los niños pequeños la tienen unas dos veces al año.</p> <p>Las personas que visitan países en vías de desarrollo están en riesgo de presentar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html">diarrea del viajero</a>. Esta es causada por el consumo de alimentos o agua contaminados.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros síntomas podría tener con diarrea?</h3> <p>Otros posibles síntomas de la diarrea incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Calambres o dolor en el abdomen</li> <li>Necesidad urgente de ir al baño</li> <li>Pérdida del control intestinal</li> </ul> <p>Si un virus o bacteria es la causa de la diarrea, es posible que también tenga fiebre, escalofríos y sangre en las heces.</p> <p>La diarrea puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratación</a>, lo que significa que su cuerpo no tiene suficiente líquido para funcionar en forma normal. La deshidratación puede ser grave, especialmente en niños, adultos mayores y personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados.</p> <h3>¿Cuándo es necesario ver a un profesional de la salud por la diarrea?</h3> <p>Aunque por lo general no es perjudicial, la diarrea puede llegar a ser peligrosa o señal de un problema grave. Póngase en contacto con su proveedor de atención médica si tiene:</p> <ul> <li>Signos de deshidratación</li> <li>Diarrea por más de dos días si usted es un adulto. En niños, póngase en contacto con el proveedor de salud si dura más de 24 horas</li> <li>Dolor intenso en el abdomen o recto (en adultos)</li> <li>Fiebre de 102 grados F o más (38,8 grados C)</li> <li>Heces que contienen sangre o pus</li> <li>Heces negras y alquitranadas</li> </ul> <p>Si los niños tienen diarrea, los padres o cuidadores no deben dudar en llamar a un proveedor de atención médica. La diarrea puede ser especialmente peligrosa en los recién nacidos y lactantes.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa de la diarrea?</h3> <p>Para encontrar la causa de la diarrea, el médico puede:</p> <ul> <li>Realizar un examen físico</li> <li>Preguntarle por los medicamentos que esté tomando</li> <li>Hacerle un análisis de las heces o sangre para buscar bacterias, parásitos u otros signos de enfermedad o infección</li> <li>Pedirle que deje de comer ciertos alimentos para ver si la diarrea desaparece</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene diarrea crónica, su médico puede realizar otras pruebas para encontrar la causa.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diarrea?</h3> <p>El tratamiento de la diarrea busca reponer los fluidos y electrolitos perdidos para prevenir la deshidratación. Dependiendo de la causa del problema, es posible que necesite medicamentos para detener la diarrea o tratar una infección.</p> <p>Los adultos con diarrea deben beber agua, jugos de frutas, bebidas deportivas, bebidas gaseosas sin cafeína y caldos salados. A medida que los síntomas mejoran, se pueden comer alimentos suaves y blandos.</p> <p>Los niños con diarrea deben recibir una solución de rehidratación oral para reponer los líquidos y electrolitos perdidos.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la diarrea?</h3> <p>Se pueden prevenir dos tipos de diarrea, la diarrea por rotavirus y la diarrea del viajero. Existen vacunas para el rotavirus. Se les da a los bebés en dos o tres dosis.</p> <p>Para prevenir la diarrea del viajero, debe tener cuidado con lo que come y bebe cuando se encuentra en países en vías del desarrollo:</p> <ul> <li>Use sólo agua embotellada o purificada para beber, hacer hielo y cepillarse los dientes</li> <li>Si usted usa el agua del grifo, hiérvala o trátela con tabletas de yodo</li> <li>Asegúrese de que los alimentos cocidos que coma estén totalmente cocinados y servidos calientes</li> <li>Evite frutas y verduras crudas sin lavar ni pelar</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Síntomas Diarrhea Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos Gastroenteritis Infecciones por Clostridium difficile Rotavirus Salud del viajero Disentería Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Adultos Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Dysentery The runs The trots <h3>What is diarrhea?</h3> <p>Diarrhea is loose, watery stools (bowel movements). You have diarrhea if you have loose stools three or more times in one day. Acute diarrhea is diarrhea that lasts a short time. It is a common problem. It usually lasts about one or two days, but it may last longer. Then it goes away on its own.</p> <p>Diarrhea lasting more than a few days may be a sign of a more serious problem. Chronic diarrhea -- diarrhea that lasts at least four weeks -- can be a symptom of a chronic disease. Chronic diarrhea symptoms may be continual, or they may come and go.</p> <h3>What causes diarrhea?</h3> <p>The most common causes of diarrhea include:</p><ul> <li>Bacteria from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">contaminated food</a> or water</li> <li>Viruses such as the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/norovirusinfections.html">norovirus</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rotavirusinfections.html">rotavirus </a>. Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute diarrhea in children.</li> <li>Parasites, which are tiny organisms found in contaminated food or water</li> <li>Medicines such as antibiotics, cancer drugs, and antacids that contain magnesium</li> <li>Food intolerances and sensitivities, which are problems digesting certain ingredients or foods. An example is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lactoseintolerance.html">lactose intolerance</a>.</li> <li>Diseases that affect the stomach, small intestine, or colon, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html">Crohn's disease</a></li> <li>Problems with how the colon functions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html">irritable bowel syndrome</a></li> </ul> <p>Some people also get diarrhea after stomach surgery, because sometimes the surgeries can cause food to move through your digestive system more quickly.</p> <p>Sometimes no cause can be found. If your diarrhea goes away within a few days, finding the cause is usually not necessary.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for diarrhea?</h3> <p>People of all ages can get diarrhea. On average, adults In the United States have acute diarrhea once a year. Young children have it an average of twice a year.</p> <p>People who visit developing countries are at risk for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html">traveler's diarrhea</a>. It is caused by consuming contaminated food or water.</p> <h3>What other symptoms might I have with diarrhea?</h3> <p>Other possible symptoms of diarrhea include:</p><ul> <li>Cramps or pain in the abdomen</li> <li>An urgent need to use the bathroom</li> <li>Loss of bowel control</li> </ul> <p>If a virus or bacteria is the cause of your diarrhea, you may also have a fever, chills, and bloody stools.</p> <p>Diarrhea can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydration</a>, which means that your body does not have enough fluid to work properly. Dehydration can be serious, especially for children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems.</p> <h3>When do I need to see a health care provider for diarrhea?</h3> <p>Although it is usually not harmful, diarrhea can become dangerous or signal a more serious problem. Contact your health care provider if you have:</p><ul> <li>Signs of dehydration</li> <li>Diarrhea for more than 2 days, if you are an adult. For children, contact the provider if it lasts more than 24 hours.</li> <li>Severe pain in your abdomen or rectum (for adults)</li> <li>A fever of 102 degrees or higher</li> <li>Stools containing blood or pus</li> <li>Stools that are black and tarry</li> </ul> <p>If children have diarrhea, parents or caregivers should not hesitate to call a health care provider. Diarrhea can be especially dangerous in newborns and infants.</p> <h3>How is the cause of diarrhea diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find the cause of diarrhea, your health care provider may:</p><ul> <li>Do a physical exam</li> <li>Ask about any medicines you are taking</li> <li>Test your stool or blood to look for bacteria, parasites, or other signs of disease or infection</li> <li>Ask you to stop eating certain foods to see whether your diarrhea goes away</li> </ul> <p>If you have chronic diarrhea, your health care provider may perform other tests to look for signs of disease.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for diarrhea?</h3> <p>Diarrhea is treated by replacing lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. Depending on the cause of the problem, you may need medicines to stop the diarrhea or treat an infection.</p> <p>Adults with diarrhea should drink water, fruit juices, sports drinks, sodas without caffeine, and salty broths. As your symptoms improve, you can eat soft, bland food.</p> <p>Children with diarrhea should be given oral rehydration solutions to replace lost fluids and electrolytes.</p> <h3>Can diarrhea be prevented?</h3> <p>Two types of diarrhea can be prevented - rotavirus diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea. There are vaccines for rotavirus. They are given to babies in two or three doses.</p> <p>You can help prevent traveler's diarrhea by being careful about what you eat and drink when you are in developing countries:</p><ul> <li>Use only bottled or purified water for drinking, making ice cubes, and brushing your teeth</li> <li>If you do use tap water, boil it or use iodine tablets</li> <li>Make sure that the cooked food you eat is fully cooked and served hot</li> <li>Avoid unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Symptoms Diarrea Diarrhea Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases C. diff Infections Foodborne Illness Gastroenteritis Rotavirus Infections Traveler's Health Dysentery Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Gastroenterology Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Children Nemours Foundation Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Dieta y diabetes Nutrición para personas con diabetes <h3>¿Qué es la diabetes?</h3> <p>Si tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, sus niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">glucosa</a> (azúcar) en sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que consume. Las células de su cuerpo necesitan glucosa para obtener energía. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa ingrese a las células.</p> <p>Con la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo 1</a>, su cuerpo no produce insulina. Con la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>, su cuerpo no produce ni utiliza bien la insulina. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa se acumula en la sangre, causando que aumenten sus niveles de glucosa.</p> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a> significa que sus niveles de glucosa en sangre son más altos de lo normal, pero no lo suficientemente altos como para llamarle diabetes. Si tiene prediabetes, es más probable que desarrolle diabetes tipo 2.</p> <h3>¿Cómo afectan los alimentos que consumo a mis niveles de glucosa en sangre?</h3> <p>La glucosa en su sangre proviene de ciertos alimentos llamados <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html">carbohidratos</a>. Los alimentos con alto contenido de carbohidratos incluyen caramelos y dulces, refrescos, panes, tortillas y arroz blanco. Cuantos más carbohidratos consuma, mayor será su nivel de glucosa en sangre.</p> <p>Ya sea que tenga diabetes tipo 1 o tipo 2, elegir los alimentos correctos es una forma importante de mantener su glucosa en la sangre en un nivel que sea saludable para usted. Al controlar su nivel de glucosa en la sangre, reduce la probabilidad de tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html">problemas de salud graves </a> a causa de la diabetes, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html">pérdida de la visión</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticheartdisease.html">problemas cardíacos</a>.</p> <p>Y si tiene prediabetes o está en riesgo de padecer diabetes, comer alimentos que mantengan sus niveles de glucosa en sangre saludables puede ayudar a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html">prevenir la diabetes tipo 2</a> en el futuro.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la mejor dieta para la diabetes?</h3> <p>No existe una dieta o un plan de comidas específico que funcione para todos. Es posible que su profesional de la salud le pida que consulte con un dietista registrado o un educador en diabetes que pueda ayudarle a diseñar el mejor plan de alimentación para usted. El plan considerará:</p> <ul> <li>Cualquier medicamento que tome</li> <li>Su peso</li> <li>Cualquier otra afección de salud que tenga</li> <li>Su estilo de vida y gustos</li> <li>Sus metas</li> </ul> <p>Todos los planes de alimentación para la diabetes tienen algunas cosas en común, incluyendo comer <strong>alimentos correctos</strong> en <strong>cantidades adecuadas</strong> en los <strong>momentos apropiados</strong>.</p> <h3> ¿Qué alimentos debo consumir si tengo diabetes?</h3> <p>Comer los alimentos adecuados para la diabetes significa comer una variedad de alimentos saludables de todos los grupos de alimentos:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Frutas y vegetales</strong></li> <li><strong>Granos integrales</strong> como trigo integral, arroz integral, cebada, quinua y avena</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html">Proteínas</a></strong>, como carnes magras, pollo, pavo, pescado, huevos, nueces, frijoles, lentejas y tofu</li> <li><strong>Productos lácteos descremados o bajos en grasa</strong> como leche, yogur y queso</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué alimentos debo limitar para controlar mi nivel de glucosa en sangre?</h3> <p>Para mantener su nivel de glucosa en la sangre bajo control, es posible que deba reducir el consumo de ciertos alimentos y bebidas con alto contenido de carbohidratos. Esto no significa que nunca pueda disfrutarlos. Pero necesitará consumirlos con menos frecuencia o en cantidades más pequeñas.</p> <p>Los alimentos y bebidas que debe limitar incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Alimentos y bebidas ricos en carbohidratos</strong>, como: <ul> <li>Alimentos azucarados como dulces, galletas, pasteles, helados, cereales endulzados y frutas enlatadas con azúcar agregada</li> <li>Bebidas con azúcares añadidos, como jugos, refrescos regulares y bebidas deportivas o energéticas regulares</li> <li>Arroz blanco, tortillas, panes y pastas, especialmente los elaborados con harina blanca</li> <li>Verduras con almidón, como papas blancas, maíz y guisantes</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Alimentos fritos</strong> y otros productos con alto contenido de grasas saturadas y trans</li> <li><strong>Alimentos altos en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sodio</a></strong> (sal)</li> <li><strong>Alcohol</strong>: Si bebe, debe hacerlo con moderación. Esto significa no más de una bebida estándar al día si es mujer o dos bebidas estándar al día si es hombre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué más debo saber sobre las dietas para diabéticos?</h3> <p>Si tiene diabetes, es importante consumir la cantidad adecuada de alimentos todos los días. Su plan de alimentación incluirá cuánto comer, de modo que obtenga la cantidad recomendada de carbohidratos en cada comida o refrigerio. Aprenderá a contar carbohidratos y medir su comida.</p> <p>También es importante comer en el momento adecuado. Deberá planificar comidas regulares y equilibradas para evitar niveles de glucosa en sangre que son demasiado altos o demasiado bajos para usted. Puede ayudar consumir cerca de la misma cantidad de carbohidratos en cada comida.</p> <p>Comer sano para controlar la glucosa en sangre requiere cierto esfuerzo. Pero la recompensa es la oportunidad de vivir una vida más saludable con diabetes.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema endocrino Alimentos y nutrición Diabetes mellitus Diabetic Diet Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Diabetes Diabetes tipo 1 Diabetes tipo 2 Diabetes, Dieta Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Mujeres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Institutos Nacionales de la Salud PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de la Diabetes Vegetarianismo <p>Una dieta vegetariana se enfoca a la alimentación con verduras. Esto incluye frutas, verduras, guisantes y alubias secas, granos, semillas y nueces. No existe un único tipo de dieta vegetariana. Los modelos de alimentación vegetariana suelen entrar en uno de los siguientes grupos:</p><ul> <li> La dieta vegetariana estricta, que excluye todas las carnes y productos animales </li> <li> La dieta lacto vegetariana, que incluye alimentos derivados de las plantas y productos lácteos </li> <li> La dieta lacto-ovo vegetariana, que incluye productos lácteos y huevos </li> </ul> <p>Las personas que siguen dietas vegetarianas pueden obtener todos los nutrientes que necesitan. Sin embargo, deben tener cuidado de comer una amplia variedad de alimentos para cubrir sus necesidades nutricionales. Los nutrientes vegetarianos deben enfocarse en incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html">proteínas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html">hierro</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a>, zinc y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html">vitamina B12</a>. </p> <p class="">Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos </p> Alimentos y nutrición Vegetarian Diet Nutrición Vegetarianismo Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Hospital de Niños de Boston Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Lipids Monounsaturated fat Polyunsaturated fat Saturated fat <p>Fat is a type of nutrient. You need some fat in your diet but not too much. Fats give you energy and help your body absorb vitamins. Dietary fat also plays a major role in your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">cholesterol levels</a>.</p> <p>But not all fats are the same. You should try to avoid:</p><ul> <li>Saturated fats such as butter, solid shortening, and lard</li> <li>Trans fats. These are found in vegetable shortenings, some margarines, crackers, cookies, snack foods, and other foods made with or fried in partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs). By 2018, most U.S. companies will not be allowed to add PHOs to food.</li> </ul> <p>Try to replace them with oils such as canola, olive, safflower, sesame, or sunflower. Of course, eating too much fat will put on the pounds. Fat has twice as many calories as proteins or carbohydrates.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Food and Nutrition Grasas en la dieta Dietary Fats Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cholesterol How to Prevent Heart Disease Lipid Metabolism Disorders Nutrition Triglycerides Fats, Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Trans Fats Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert American Heart Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Department of Agriculture Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Specifics National Library of Medicine Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Journal Articles Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Heart Association Specifics Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Bulk Roughage <p>Fiber is a substance in plants. Dietary fiber is the kind you eat. It's a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html">carbohydrate</a>. You may also see it listed on a food label as soluble fiber or insoluble fiber. Both types have important health benefits.</p> <p>Good sources of dietary fiber include:</p><ul> <li>Whole grains</li> <li>Nuts and seeds</li> <li>Fruit and vegetables</li> </ul> <p>Dietary fiber adds bulk to your diet and makes you feel full faster, helping you control your weight. It helps digestion and helps prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">constipation</a>. Most Americans don't eat enough dietary fiber. But add it to your diet slowly. Increasing dietary fiber too quickly can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html">gas</a>, bloating, and cramps.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Food and Nutrition Fibra en la dieta Dietary Fiber Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Colonic Diseases Constipation Fiber Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Heart Association Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Cancer Society Journal Articles Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH <p>Protein is in every cell in the body. Our bodies need protein from the foods we eat to build and maintain bones, muscles and skin. We get proteins in our diet from meat, dairy products, nuts, and certain grains and beans. Proteins from meat and other animal products are complete proteins. This means they supply all of the amino acids the body can't make on its own. Most plant proteins are incomplete. You should eat different types of plant proteins every day to get all of the amino acids your body needs.</p> <p>It is important to get enough dietary protein. You need to eat protein every day, because your body doesn't store it the way it stores fats or carbohydrates. How much you need depends on your age, sex, health, and level of physical activity. Most Americans eat enough protein in their diet.</p> Food and Nutrition Proteínas en la dieta Dietary Proteins Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Carbohydrates Nutrition Weight Control Proteins Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Department of Agriculture Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Harvard School of Public Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics Department of Agriculture <p>Dietary supplements are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">minerals</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html">herbs</a>, and many other products. They can come as pills, capsules, powders, drinks, and energy bars. Supplements do not have to go through the testing that drugs do.</p> <p>Some supplements can play an important role in health. For example, calcium and vitamin D are important for keeping bones strong. Pregnant women can take the vitamin folic acid to prevent certain birth defects in their babies.</p> <p>To take a supplement as safely as possible:</p><ul> <li>Tell your health care provider about any dietary supplements you use</li> <li>Do not take a bigger dose than the label recommends</li> <li>Check with your health care provider about the supplements you take if you are going to have any type of surgery</li> <li>Read trustworthy information about the supplement</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements</p> Food and Nutrition Complementary and Alternative Therapies Suplementos en la dieta Dietary Supplements Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Antioxidants Calcium Complementary and Integrative Medicine Folic Acid Herbal Medicine Vitamins Trace Elements Children National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements PDF NIH Women Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here National Library of Medicine Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Find an Expert National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Journal Articles Start Here Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Men Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Texas Heart Institute Patient Handouts Food and Drug Administration PDF Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration <p>Si usted tiene sobrepeso u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">perder peso</a> puede mejorar su salud. También podría ayudar a prevenir las enfermedades relacionadas con el peso, tales como enfermedades del corazón, diabetes, artritis y algunos tipos de cáncer. Una dieta saludable es una parte importante de un plan para perder peso. Esto:</p> <ul> <li>Puede incluir frutas, vegetales, granos enteros y leche y productos lácteos descremados o con poca grasa</li> <li>Puede incluir carnes magras, pollo, pescado, frijoles, huevos y nueces</li> <li>Incluye un bajo consumo de grasas saturadas, grasas trans, colesterol, sal (sodio) y azúcares añadidos </li> </ul> <p>La clave para perder peso es quemar más calorías de las que come y bebe. Una dieta puede ayudar a lograrlo a través del control de las porciones. Hay muchos tipos diferentes de dietas. Algunas, como la dieta mediterránea, describen una forma tradicional de comer de una región específica. Otras, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html">plan de alimentación DASH</a> o la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html">dieta para bajar el colesterol</a>, fueron diseñadas para personas que tienen ciertos problemas de salud, pero también pueden ayudar a perder peso. También hay dietas de moda o de choque que restringen bastante las calorías o los tipos de alimentos que permiten comer. Pueden sonar prometedoras pero rara vez conducen a una pérdida de peso permanente. También pueden no proporcionar todos los nutrientes que su cuerpo necesita.</p> <p>Además de una dieta, añadir el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">ejercicio</a> a su vida diaria puede ayudarle a perder peso.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Alimentos y nutrición Bienestar y estilo de vida Diets Control de peso Dieta para diabéticos Dieta vegetariana Nutrición Nutrición del niño Nutrición para personas mayores Plan de alimentación DASH Dieta para bajar de peso Ponerse a dieta Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH <p>If you are overweight or have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">losing weight</a> can improve your health. It might also help you prevent weight-related diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, arthritis and some cancers. A healthy diet is an important part of a weight-loss program. It:</p><ul> <li>May include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products</li> <li>May include lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs and nuts</li> <li>Goes easy on saturated fats, trans fat, cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added sugars</li> </ul> <p>The key to losing weight is to burn more calories than you eat and drink. A diet can help you to do this through portion control. There are many different types of diets. Some, like the Mediterranean diet, describe a traditional way of eating from a specific region. Others, like the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html">DASH eating plan</a> or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html">diet to lower cholesterol</a>, were designed for people who have certain health problems. But they may also help you to lose weight. There are also fad or crash diets that severely restrict calories or the types of food you are allowed to eat. They may sound promising, but they rarely lead to permanent weight loss. They also may not provide all of the nutrients your body needs. </p> <p>In addition to a diet, adding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">exercise</a> into your daily life can help you to lose weight.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Food and Nutrition Wellness and Lifestyle Dietas Diet, Reducing Spanish Child Nutrition DASH Eating Plan Diabetic Diet Nutrition Nutrition for Older Adults Vegetarian Diet Weight Control Dieting Weight-Loss Diet Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Older Adults Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Start Here National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine Specifics National Library of Medicine Living With National Library of Medicine Specifics National Library of Medicine Related Issues Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Department of Agriculture Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Federal Trade Commission Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH <p>La difteria es una infección bacteriana grave. Se puede contraer de la tos o estornudo de una persona infectada. También se puede infectar al entrar en contacto con un objeto, como un juguete, contaminado con la bacteria.</p> <p>La difteria usualmente afecta la nariz y la garganta. Los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor de garganta</li> <li>Ganglios inflamados en el cuello</li> <li>Fiebre</li> <li>Debilidad</li> </ul> <p>El médico la diagnostica en base a signos y síntomas y una prueba de laboratorio. Tratarse rápidamente la difteria es importante. Si su médico sospecha que usted la tiene, comenzará el tratamiento antes que las pruebas de laboratorio confirmen la infección. El tratamiento es con antibióticos.</p> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">vacuna contra el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina</a> (DPT, por sus siglas en inglés) puede prevenir la difteria, pero su protección no dura para siempre. Los niños necesitan otras dosis o refuerzos alrededor de los 12 años. Los adultos deben recibir una dosis de refuerzo cada 10 años. La difteria es muy poco frecuente en los Estados Unidos gracias a la vacuna.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Oído, nariz y garganta Diphtheria Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Gastrointestinal diseases <p>When you eat, your body breaks food down to a form it can use to build and nourish cells and provide energy. This process is called digestion. </p> <p> Your digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube. It runs from your mouth to your anus and includes your esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Your liver, gallbladder and pancreas are also involved. They produce juices to help digestion. </p> <p> There are many types of digestive disorders. The symptoms vary widely depending on the problem. In general, you should see your doctor if you have:</p><ul> <li>Blood in your stool</li> <li>Changes in bowel habits</li> <li>Severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">abdominal pain</a></li> <li>Unintentional weight loss</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html">Heartburn</a> not relieved by antacids</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases </p> Digestive System Enfermedades del sistema digestivo Digestive System Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Celiac Disease Colonic Diseases Constipation Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis Gas Gastroenteritis GERD Indigestion Intestinal Obstruction Liver Diseases Peptic Ulcer Small Intestine Disorders Stomach Disorders Gastrointestinal Diseases Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Symptoms International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Reference Desk International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American College of Gastroenterology Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Older Adults Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health NIH Children International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Living With International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests American College of Gastroenterology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues American College of Gastroenterology Children American Academy of Pediatrics Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH <p>Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection. You can catch it from a person who has the infection and coughs or sneezes. You can also get infected by coming in contact with an object, such as a toy, that has bacteria on it.</p> <p>Diphtheria usually affects the nose and throat. Symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Sore throat</li> <li>Swollen glands in the neck</li> <li>Fever</li> <li>Weakness</li> </ul> <p>Your doctor will diagnose it based on your signs and symptoms and a lab test. Getting treatment for diphtheria quickly is important. If your doctor suspects that you have it, you'll start treatment before the lab tests come back. Treatment is with antibiotics.</p> <p>The <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine</a> can prevent diphtheria, but its protection does not last forever. Children need another dose, or booster, at about age 12. Then, as adults, they should get a booster every 10 years. Diphtheria is very rare in the United States because of the vaccine.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Ear, Nose and Throat Difteria Diphtheria Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Immunization Action Coalition Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Opciones para el final de la vida Órdenes de no resucitar Órdenes de resucitar <p>¿Qué tipo de atención médica quisiera recibir si estuviera demasiado enfermo o lesionado para expresar su voluntad? Las instrucciones médicas por adelantado son documentos legales que le permiten transmitir antes de tiempo sus decisiones acerca de los cuidados en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoflifeissues.html">final de la vida</a>. Son una forma de comunicar sus deseos a su familia, amigos y profesionales de la salud y evitar confusiones más tarde.</p> <p>Un testamento en vida indica qué tratamientos usted quisiera recibir si tuviera una enfermedad mortal y estuviera en estado de inconsciencia permanente. Usted puede aceptar o rechazar atención médica. Estos son algunos tipos de directivas:</p> <ul> <li> Uso de aparatos de diálisis y respiradores</li> <li> Si desea que lo resuciten en caso de tener un paro cardíaco o respiratorio </li> <li> Alimentación por sonda</li> <li> Donación de sus órganos o tejidos </li> </ul> <p>Un poder legal duradero para el cuidado de la salud es un documento que nombra a su apoderado para su atención médica. El apoderado es una persona en la que usted confía para tomar las decisiones de su atención médica en caso de que usted no pueda hacerlo.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Asuntos sociales y familiares Asuntos personales de salud Advance Directives Asuntos familiares Asuntos que enfrenta el enfermo terminal Cuidados de hospicio Órdenes de no resucitar Órdenes de resucitar Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <h3>What are disabilities?</h3> <p>A disability is any condition of your body or mind that makes it more difficult for you to do one or more major life activities and interact with the world around you.</p> <p>There are many types of disabilities, such as those that can affect your:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Vision</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">Hearing</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html">Movement</a></li> <li>Thinking</li> <li>Remembering</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html">Learning</a></li> <li>Communicating</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html">Development</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html">Mental health</a></li> <li>Social relationships</li> </ul> <p>More than 1 in 4 adults in the United States have some type of disability. Even though they all have disabilities, they can have a wide range of needs. For example, even people who have same type of disability can be affected in very different ways. Also, some disabilities are "visible" (easy to see), for example when someone is in a wheelchair. But other disabilities are "invisible" (hidden or not easy to see), such as problems with hearing, thinking, or learning.</p> <h3>What causes disabilities?</h3> <p>Disabilities can have different causes. Some disabilities are present at birth, while others may happen later in life.</p> <p>Causes of disabilities that are present at birth can include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">Disorders in single genes</a>, such as Duchenne <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html">muscular dystrophy</a></li> <li>Disorders of chromosomes, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html">Down syndrome</a></li> <li>Exposures (before birth) to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">infections</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">substances</a>, such as drugs, alcohol, or cigarettes</li> </ul> <p>Causes of disabilities that happen later in life can include:</p> <ul> <li>Injuries, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html">spinal cord injuries</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">traumatic brain injuries</a> (TBIs), and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backinjuries.html">back injuries</a></li> <li>Chronic (long-lasting) diseases, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">kidney disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">arthritis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">Mental health problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a> and other causes of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html">dementia</a></li> </ul> <h3>How can disabilities affect your health?</h3> <p>Having a disability does not mean a person cannot be healthy. In fact, many people with disabilities report that their health as good or better. But they may have or be at risk of health problems related to their disability, called "secondary conditions." These conditions may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html">Bowel</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html">bladder</a> problems</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">Chronic pain</a></li> <li>Diabetes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Heart disease</li> <li>Injuries</li> <li>Mental health problems, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">substance use disorders</a></li> <li>Overweight and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pressuresores.html">Pressure sores</a> or ulcers</li> </ul> <p>Many of these conditions can be prevented, and there are treatments for them. It's also important for people with disabilities to get health care that meets their needs as a whole person, not just as a person with a disability.</p> <h3>How can people with disabilities get and stay healthy?</h3> <p>Just like for people who don't have a disability, having a healthy lifestyle is important for people who do have a disability. A healthy lifestyle includes:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Getting regular physical activity</a></li> <li>Eating <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html">healthy foods</a> in healthy portions</li> <li>Limiting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">sun exposure</a> and using sunscreen to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html">skin cancer</a></li> <li>Not smoking, and if needed, getting help to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quit smoking</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html">Using medicines wisely</a></li> <li>Not drinking <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> or drinking in moderation</li> <li>Getting help for any substance use or mental health problems</li> <li>Staying in touch with family and friends</li> </ul> <h3>What kinds of resources are there for people with disabilities? </h3> <p>Managing a disability can sometimes be challenging. There are resources that can help:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html">Assistive devices</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html">mobility aids</a> can make daily tasks easier.</li> <li>Schools can develop plans around the specific needs of a child with a disability. The goal of the plans is to give the child an opportunity to perform at the same level as other children their age.</li> <li>Support networks, such as disability organizations, can help you learn more about resources for you and your family. Support groups can help you connect with other people who have the same disability. They can provide emotional and social support. They are also a place where people can share tips about how to deal with day-to-day challenges.</li> <li>Government programs may provide benefits, job training, employment resources, and protection against discrimination.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Social/Family Issues Discapacidades Health Services for Persons with Disabilities Disabled Persons Spanish Assistive Devices Developmental Disabilities Learning Disabilities Limb Loss Mobility Aids Find an Expert USAging Children Social Security Administration Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues World Health Organization Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Department of Justice Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Department of Homeland Security Find an Expert Office of Disability Employment Policy Journal Articles Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Transportation Security Administration <p>Preparing for a disaster can reduce the fear, anxiety and losses that disasters cause. A disaster can be a natural disaster, like a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hurricanes.html">hurricane</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tornadoes.html">tornado</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html">flood</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earthquakes.html">earthquake</a>. It might also be man-made, like a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html">bioterrorist attack</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chemicalemergencies.html">chemical spill</a>. You should know the risks and danger signs of different types of disasters. You should also have a disaster plan. Be ready to evacuate your home, and know how to treat basic medical problems. Make sure you have the insurance you need, including special types, like flood insurance.</p> <p>No matter what kind of disaster you experience, it causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html">emotional distress</a>. After a disaster, recovery can take time. Stay connected to your family and friends during this period.</p> <p class="">Federal Emergency Management Agency</p> Disasters Preparativos y recuperación ante un desastre Rescue Work Disasters Disaster Planning Disaster Victims Relief Work Amharic Arabic Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Serbo-Croatian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese Biodefense and Bioterrorism Chemical Emergencies Coping with Disasters Earthquakes First Aid Floods Heat Illness Hurricanes Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Radiation Emergencies Tornadoes Tsunamis Volcanoes Wildfires Winter Weather Emergencies Emergency Preparedness Find an Expert American Red Cross Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Homeland Security Test Your Knowledge Department of Homeland Security Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues Department of Homeland Security Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Find an Expert Federal Emergency Management Agency Specifics Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Department of Homeland Security Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Department of Homeland Security Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Department of Homeland Security Related Issues Federal Emergency Management Agency Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Necesidades especiales <h3>¿Qué son las discapacidades?</h3> <p>Una discapacidad es cualquier condición de su cuerpo o mente que le dificulta realizar una o más actividades importantes de la vida e interactuar con el mundo que le rodea.</p> <p>Existen muchos tipos de discapacidades, como las que pueden afectar su:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Visión</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">Audición</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html">Movimiento</a></li> <li>Pensamiento</li> <li>Capacidad de recordar</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html">Aprendizaje</a></li> <li>Comunicación</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html">Desarrollo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html">Salud mental</a></li> <li>Relaciones sociales</li> </ul> <p>Más de uno de cada cuatro adultos en los Estados Unidos tiene algún tipo de discapacidad. Si bien todas estas personas tienen discapacidades, puede tener una amplia gama de necesidades. Por ejemplo, incluso las personas que tienen el mismo tipo de discapacidad pueden verse afectadas de formas muy diferentes. Además, algunas discapacidades son "visibles" (evidentes a la vista), por ejemplo, cuando alguien está en silla de ruedas. Pero otras discapacidades son "invisibles" (ocultas o difíciles de ver), como los problemas de audición, pensamiento o aprendizaje.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa las discapacidades?</h3> <p>Las discapacidades pueden tener diferentes causas. Algunas están presentes al nacer, mientras que otras pueden aparecer más adelante en la vida.</p> <p>Las causas de discapacidades presentes al nacer pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">Trastornos en genes</a> individuales, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html">distrofia muscular</a> de Duchenne</li> <li>Trastornos de los cromosomas, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html">síndrome de Down</a></li> <li>Exposición antes del nacimiento a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">infecciones</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">sustancias</a> como drogas, alcohol o cigarrillos</li> </ul> <p>Las causas de discapacidades que ocurren más adelante en la vida pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Lesiones, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html">lesiones de la médula espinal</a>,<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">lesión cerebral traumática</a> y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backinjuries.html">espalda</a></li> <li>Enfermedades crónicas (de larga duración), como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>,<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedad del corazón</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">enfermedad de los riñones</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">EPOC</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">artritis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">Cáncer</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">Problemas de salud mental</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Accidente cerebrovascular</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer</a> y otras causas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">demencia</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo las discapacidades pueden afectar su salud?</h3> <p>Tener una discapacidad no significa que una persona no pueda estar sana. De hecho, muchas personas con discapacidades dicen que su salud es buena o mejor. Pero ellas pueden tener o estar en riesgo de problemas de salud relacionados con su discapacidad, lo que se conoce como "afecciones secundarias". Estas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html">intestinales</a> o de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html">vejiga</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">Dolor crónico</a></li> <li>Diabetes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Enfermedad cardíaca</li> <li>Lesiones</li> <li>Problemas de salud mental, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">trastorno por consumo de drogas</a></li> <li>Sobrepeso y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pressuresores.html">Úlceras por presión</a></li> </ul> <p>Muchas de estas afecciones se pueden prevenir y hay tratamientos disponibles para ellas. También es importante que las personas con discapacidades reciban atención médica que satisfaga sus necesidades como personas íntegras, no solo como alguien con una discapacidad.</p> <h3>¿Cómo pueden las personas con discapacidades estar y mantenerse saludables?</h3> <p>Al igual que para las personas que no tienen una discapacidad, tener un estilo de vida saludable es importante para las personas que sí la tienen. Un estilo de vida saludable incluye:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Hacer actividad física con regularidad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html">Consumir alimentos saludables</a> en porciones sanas</li> <li>Limitar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">exposición al sol</a> y usar protector solar para prevenir el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html">cáncer de piel</a></li> <li>No fumar y, si lo necesita, obtener ayuda para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar de fumar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html">Usar medicamentos apropiadamente</a></li> <li>No beber <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> o beber con moderación</li> <li>Obtener ayuda para cualquier problema de abuso de sustancias o salud mental</li> <li>Mantenerse en contacto con familiares y amigos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué tipo de recursos existen para las personas con discapacidades?</h3> <p>En ocasiones, manejar una discapacidad puede ser un desafío. Pero hay recursos que pueden ayudar:</p> <ul> <li>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html">dispositivos de asistencia</a> y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html">aparatos para la movilidad asistida</a> pueden facilitar las tareas diarias</li> <li>Las escuelas pueden desarrollar planes en función de las necesidades específicas de un niño con una discapacidad. El objetivo de los planes es darle al niño la oportunidad de desempeñarse al mismo nivel que otros niños de su edad</li> <li>Las redes de apoyo, como las organizaciones de personas con discapacidades, pueden ayudar a obtener más información sobre recursos para usted y su familia. Los grupos de apoyo pueden ayudar a conectarse con otras personas con su misma discapacidad brindando apoyo emocional y social. También son un lugar donde las personas pueden compartir sugerencias sobre cómo enfrentar los desafíos diarios</li> <li>Los programas del gobierno pueden brindar beneficios, capacitación laboral, recursos de empleo y protección contra la discriminación</li> </ul> <p class="">Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</p> Asuntos sociales y familiares Disabilities Aparatos para movilidad asistida Problemas de aprendizaje Pérdida de extremidades Tecnología asistencial Trastornos del desarrollo Lisiados Spanish/Español Mujeres Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Seguro Social PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización Mundial de la Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Adolescentes Spanish/Español Departamento de Educación de los Estados Unidos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Cruz Roja Americana PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Seguro Social Información de referencia Spanish/Español Administración de Seguro Social En inglés y español Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU <p>La disfunción eréctil (DE) es una disfunción sexual masculina común. Ocurre cuando se tiene dificultades para lograr o mantener una erección. Esta disfunción es más común a medida que se envejece pero no es parte natural del envejecimiento.</p> <p>A algunas personas les cuesta hablar de sexo con el médico. Pero si tiene DE, debe comunicárselo. La DE puede ser una señal de problemas de salud. Puede significar que los vasos sanguíneos están tapados. Puede indicar que tiene una lesión nerviosa causada por diabetes. Si no va al doctor, estos problemas no se van a ir por su cuenta. </p> <p>El médico puede ofrecerle varios tratamientos nuevos para la DE. Para muchos hombres la respuesta es tan simple como tomar una pastilla. Ejercitarse más, perder peso o dejar de fumar también puede ayudar.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Personas mayores Hombres Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor masculino Erectile Dysfunction Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades del pene Disfunción sexual en hombres Erección, Problemas de Impotencia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Luxaciones <p>Las dislocaciones (o luxaciones) son lesiones en las articulaciones que arrancan los extremos de los huesos y los sacan de su posición. La causa suele ser una caída o un golpe y, algunas veces, una consecuencia de practicar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">deporte</a> de contacto. Pueden producirse dislocaciones en los tobillos, las rodillas, los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocatedshoulder.html">hombros</a>, la cadera, los codos y la mandíbula. También pueden dislocarse las articulaciones de los dedos de las manos y los pies. Las articulaciones dislocadas suelen hincharse, doler y encontrarse, a simple vista, fuera de lugar. Puede suceder que no pueda moverla. </p> <p>Una dislocación es una emergencia médica. Si esto sucede, busque atención médica en seguida. El tratamiento dependerá de la articulación afectada y de la gravedad de la lesión. Puede incluir maniobras para volver a poner los huesos en su lugar, medicamentos, férulas (yeso) o cabestrillo y rehabilitación. Cuando se vuelve a poner en su lugar, es posible que la articulación se mueva y funcione normalmente en unas semanas. Una dislocación de hombro o rótula puede que vuelva a dislocarse más adelante. Utilizar equipo protector durante la práctica de deportes puede ayudar a prevenir las dislocaciones. </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Dislocations Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Problemas y lesiones causados por los deportes Torceduras y distensiones Luxaciones Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <h3>What is a dislocated shoulder?</h3> <p>Your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html">shoulder</a> joint is made up of three bones: your collarbone, your shoulder blade, and your upper arm bone. The top of your upper arm bone is shaped like a ball. This ball fits into a cuplike socket in your shoulder blade. A shoulder <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html">dislocation</a> is an injury that happens when the ball pops out of your socket. A dislocation may be partial, where the ball is only partially out of the socket. It can also be a full dislocation, where the ball is completely out of the socket.</p> <h3>What causes a dislocated shoulder?</h3> <p>Your shoulders are the most movable joints in your body. They are also the most commonly dislocated joints.</p> <p>The most common causes of shoulder dislocations are:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">Sports injuries</a></li> <li>Accidents, including traffic accidents</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">Falling</a> on your shoulder or outstretched arm</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">Seizures</a> and electric shocks, which can cause muscle contractions that pull the arm out of place</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for a dislocated shoulder?</h3> <p>A dislocated shoulder can happen to anyone, but they are more common in young men, who are more often involved in sports and other physical activities. Older adults, especially women, are also at higher risk because they are more likely to fall.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of a dislocated shoulder?</h3> <p>The symptoms of a dislocated shoulder include:</p><ul> <li>Severe shoulder pain</li> <li>Swelling and bruising of your shoulder or upper arm</li> <li>Numbness and/or weakness in your arm, neck, hand, or fingers</li> <li>Trouble moving your arm</li> <li>Your arm seems to be out of place</li> <li>Muscle spasms in your shoulder</li> </ul> <p>If you are having these symptoms, get medical treatment right away.</p> <h3>How is a dislocated shoulder diagnosed?</h3> <p>To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will take a medical history and examine your shoulder. Your provider may also ask you to get an x-ray to confirm the diagnosis.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for a dislocated shoulder?</h3> <p>The treatment for dislocated shoulder usually involves three steps:</p><ul> <li>The first step is a <strong>closed reduction,</strong> a procedure in which your health care provider puts the ball of your upper arm back into the socket. You may first get medicine to relieve the pain and relax your shoulder muscles. Once the joint is back in place, the severe pain should end.</li> <li>The second step is <strong>wearing a sling</strong> or other device to keep your shoulder in place. You will wear it for a few days to several weeks.</li> <li>The third step is <strong>rehabilitation,</strong> once the pain and swelling have improved. You will do exercises to improve your range of motion and strengthen your muscles.</li> </ul> <p>You may need surgery if you injure the tissues or nerves around the shoulder or if you get repeated dislocations.</p> <p>A dislocation can make your shoulder unstable. When that happens, it takes less force to dislocate it. This means that there is a higher risk of it happening again. Your health care provider may ask you to continue doing some exercises to prevent another dislocation.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Hombro dislocado Shoulder Dislocation Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Dislocations Shoulder Injuries and Disorders Sports Injuries Shoulder Dislocation Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Symptoms Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons <p>Dislocations are joint injuries that force the ends of your bones out of position. The cause is often a fall or a blow, sometimes from playing a contact <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">sport</a>. You can dislocate your ankles, knees, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocatedshoulder.html">shoulders</a>, hips, elbows and jaw. You can also dislocate your finger and toe joints. Dislocated joints often are swollen, very painful and visibly out of place. You may not be able to move it.</p> <p>A dislocated joint is an emergency. If you have one, seek medical attention. Treatment depends on which joint you dislocate and the severity of the injury. It might include manipulations to reposition your bones, medicine, a splint or sling, and rehabilitation. When properly repositioned, a joint will usually function and move normally again in a few weeks. Once you dislocate a shoulder or kneecap, you are more likely to dislocate it again. Wearing protective gear during sports may help prevent dislocations. </p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Dislocaciones Joint Dislocations Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Dislocated Shoulder Sports Injuries Sprains and Strains Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Images Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians <p>Las disparidades de la salud son diferencias de diferentes grupos de personas. Estas diferencias de la salud pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Cuántas personas tienen ciertas enfermedades</li> <li>Qué tan severas son estas enfermedades</li> <li>Cuántas personas tienen complicaciones por estas enfermedades</li> <li>Cuántas personas mueren por estas enfermedades</li> <li>Si las personas tienen acceso a atención de salud</li> <li>Cuántas personas se someten a exámenes de diagnóstico</li> </ul> <p>Estos grupos pueden estar basados en:</p> <ul> <li> Raza </li> <li> Etnicidad</li> <li> Estado inmigratorio </li> <li> Discapacidad</li> <li>Sexo o género</li> <li>Orientación sexual</li> <li>Geografía</li> <li>Ingresos</li> <li>Nivel educacional</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud de las Minorías y Disparidades en la Salud</p> Sistemas de salud Grupos especiales Health Disparities Instituto Nacional de la Salud de las Minorías y Disparidades en Salud Salud de las mujeres Salud de las personas mayores Salud de los afroamericanos Salud de los asiáticoamericanos Salud de los hispanos y latinos Salud de los hombres Salud de los indios americanos y nativos de Alaska Salud rural Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH <p>La distonía es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html">trastorno del movimiento</a> que causa contracciones involuntarias de los músculos. Estas contracciones resultan en torsiones y movimientos repetitivos. Algunas veces son dolorosas.</p> <p>La distonía puede afectar solamente un músculo, un grupo de músculos o todos los músculos. Los síntomas pueden incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tremor.html">temblores</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/voicedisorders.html">problemas en la voz</a> o arrastrar un pie. Los síntomas suelen comenzar en la infancia. También pueden comenzar al final de la adolescencia o en la edad adulta temprana. Algunos casos empeoran con el tiempo. Otros son leves.</p> <p>Algunas personas heredan esta afección. Otras, la desarrollan como consecuencia de otra enfermedad. Los investigadores consideran que la distonía proviene de un problema en la parte del cerebro que controla los mensajes relacionados con las contracciones musculares. No existe una cura. Pero los médicos usan medicinas, inyecciones de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botox.html">Botox</a>, cirugía, terapia física y otros tratamientos para reducir o eliminar los espasmos musculares y el dolor. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Dystonia Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Trastornos del movimiento Tortícolis Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <h3>¿Qué es la distrofia muscular?</h3> <p>La distrofia muscular es un grupo de más de 30 <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">enfermedades genéticas</a>. Causan debilidad de los músculos. Con el tiempo, la debilidad empeora y puede causar problemas para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/walkingproblems.html">caminar</a> y realizar las actividades diarias. Algunos tipos de distrofia muscular también pueden afectar otros órganos.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de distrofia muscular?</h3> <p>Hay muchos tipos diferentes de distrofia muscular. Algunos de los más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Distrofia muscular de Duchenne: Es la forma infantil más común. Es grave y es más común en niños que en niñas. Los síntomas suelen comenzar entre los 3 y los 6 años</li> <li>Distrofia muscular de Becker: Es similar a la de Duchenne, pero es menos grave y empeora más lentamente. A menudo comienza en la adolescencia</li> <li>Distrofias musculares congénitas: Están presentes al nacer o antes de los 2 años. Pueden ser leves o graves</li> <li>Distrofia muscular facioescapulohumeral: A menudo comienza en la adolescencia. Al principio, afecta los músculos de la cara, los hombros y la parte superior de los brazos</li> </ul> <p>Cada uno de estos tipos de distrofia muscular puede tener muchas diferencias, como:</p> <ul> <li>Quién tiene más probabilidades de tenerlas</li> <li>Qué músculos afectan</li> <li>Cuándo aparecen, como en la infancia, la niñez, la mediana edad o más tarde</li> <li>Cuáles son sus síntomas</li> <li>Qué tan serios son los síntomas</li> <li>Qué tan rápido empeoran</li> <li>Si se dan en familias</li> <li>Si afectan a otros órganos</li> </ul> <p>Incluso dentro de un mismo tipo de distrofia muscular, las personas pueden tener diferentes síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la distrofia muscular?</h3> <p>La distrofia muscular es genética, es decir, es causada por un cambio en uno o más genes. Los cambios genéticos también se denominan variantes o mutaciones genéticas. Los cambios genéticos de la distrofia muscular afectan las proteínas que fortalecen y protegen los músculos.</p> <p>Cada tipo de distrofia muscular es causada por diferentes cambios genéticos. Y, en ocasiones, las personas que tienen el mismo tipo de distrofia muscular pueden tener cambios genéticos distintos.</p> <p>La distrofia muscular puede ser hereditaria, o usted puede ser el primero en su familia en tener una.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la distrofia muscular?</h3> <p>Para averiguar si usted o su hijo tienen distrofia muscular, su profesional de la salud puede usar:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica y familiar</li> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Análisis de sangre y orina, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">pruebas genéticas</a> y pruebas de ciertas enzimas que pueden ser liberadas por los músculos dañados</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">Biopsias</a> musculares</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa</a> para averiguar si los músculos responden bien a las señales nerviosas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">Pruebas cardíacas</a>, como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/">electrocardiograma</a>, ya que algunos tipos de distrofia muscular pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">problemas cardíacos</a></li> <li>Pruebas de ejercicio para medir la fuerza muscular y la respiración y detectar cualquier aumento en las tasas de ciertas sustancias químicas después del ejercicio</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">Pruebas de imágenes</a> como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a> para observar la calidad y el volumen muscular y medir el reemplazo graso del tejido muscular</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la distrofia muscular?</h3> <p>No hay cura para la distrofia muscular. El tratamiento puede ayudar con los síntomas y prevenir complicaciones. Por lo general, incluye una combinación de terapias como:</p> <ul> <li>Terapia física para ayudar a mantener los músculos flexibles y fuertes</li> <li>Terapia ocupacional para volver a aprender habilidades motoras perdidas y aprender formas de trabajar sin usar los músculos debilitados</li> <li>Atención respiratoria, como ejercicios de respiración, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">oxigenoterapia</a> y ventiladores</li> <li>Terapia del habla para ayudar con los problemas del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">habla</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">deglución</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html">Aparatos de asistencia</a>, como sillas de ruedas, férulas y aparatos ortopédicos; y andadores</li> <li>Medicamentos para ayudar a retrasar el daño a los músculos o minimizar los síntomas de la distrofia muscular</li> <li>Cirugía para tratar algunas de las afecciones asociadas con distrofia muscular, como problemas del corazón, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html">escoliosis</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html">cataratas</a></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Desórdenes Neurológicos y Derrame Cerebral</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Genética y defectos congénitos Muscular Dystrophy Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Distrofia muscular de Duchenne Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación de la Distrofia Muscular PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación de la Distrofia Muscular PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación de la Distrofia Muscular En inglés y español Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación de la Distrofia Muscular PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diverticular disease <h3>What is diverticulosis?</h3> <p>Diverticula are small pouches, or sacs, that bulge outward through weak spots in your colon. They mostly form in the lower part of the colon. Diverticulosis is a condition in which you have these pouches. Most people who have diverticulosis do not have symptoms or problems. But sometimes the pouches can cause symptoms or become inflamed.</p> <h3>What is diverticulitis?</h3> <p>Diverticulitis is the name for the condition you have when one or more of the pouches get inflamed. Diverticulitis may come on suddenly. It can sometimes cause serious health problems.</p> <h3>What is diverticular disease?</h3> <p>Diverticular disease is a condition that happens when the pouches cause:</p> <ul> <li>Chronic (long-term) symptoms</li> <li>Diverticular bleeding</li> <li>Diverticulitis or diverticulitis complications</li> </ul> <h3>What causes diverticulosis and diverticulitis?</h3> <p>Researchers aren't sure what causes diverticulosis and diverticulitis. They think certain factors may play a role in causing or increasing the risk for these conditions, including:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Your genetics.</strong> Certain genes may make some people more likely to develop the conditions.</li> <li><strong>Lifestyle factors</strong> such as: <ul> <li>Diets low in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html">fiber</a> and high in red meat</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Lack of physical activity</a></li> <li>Taking certain medicines, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</a> (NSAIDs) and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">steroids</a></li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Researchers are also looking at other possible factors that may play a role in these conditions. Those factors include bacteria or stool (poop) getting caught in a pouch in your colon and changes in the microbiome in the intestines. Your microbiome is made up of the bacteria and other organisms in your intestines.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop diverticulosis and diverticulitis?</h3> <p>Diverticulosis is common, especially as people age. More than one-third of U.S. adults between the ages of 50 and 59 have diverticulosis. More than two-thirds who are over age 80 have it. Most of those people will not have symptoms or problems. But some of them will develop diverticulitis.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of diverticulosis and diverticulitis?</h3> <p>Diverticulosis usually doesn't cause symptoms. But some people can have chronic symptoms such as:</p> <ul> <li>Bloating</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">Constipation</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a></li> <li>Cramping or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">pain</a>in the lower abdomen (belly)</li> </ul> <p>Diverticulitis may cause acute symptoms such as:</p> <ul> <li>Abdominal pain, most often in the lower left side of your abdomen</li> <li>Constipation or diarrhea</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fevers</a> and chills</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea or vomiting</a></li> </ul> <p>The pain caused by diverticulitis is usually severe and comes on suddenly. Less often, the pain may be mild and worsen over several days.</p> <h3>What other problems can diverticulosis and diverticulitis cause?</h3> <p>Some people with diverticulosis and diverticulitis may develop serious health problems (complications). Diverticular bleeding happens when a small blood vessel within the wall of a pouch bursts. The bleeding may be severe and sometimes even life-threatening.</p> <p>People with diverticulitis can also develop serious problems such as:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html">Abscess</a>, a painful, swollen, pus-filled area caused by infection</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fistulas.html">Fistula</a>, an abnormal opening or passage between the colon and another part of the body, such as the bladder or vagina</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html">Intestinal obstruction</a>, a partial or total blockage that keeps food, fluids, air, or stool from moving through your intestines</li><li>Perforation, or a hole, in your colon</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peritonealdisorders.html">Peritonitis</a>, an infection of the lining of the abdominal cavity</li> </ul> <h3>How are diverticulosis and diverticulitis diagnosed?</h3> <p>Diverticulosis may be found when your health care provider is doing tests for another reason. Diverticulitis is usually found when you are having an acute attack.</p> <p>To make a diagnosis, your provider will review your medical history, do a physical exam, and order tests. The tests may include:</p> <ul> <li>Blood tests</li> <li>Stool tests</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Imaging tests</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">Colonoscopy</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for diverticulosis and diverticulitis?</h3> <p>f your diverticulosis is causing chronic symptoms, your provider may recommend:</p> <ul> <li>High-fiber foods or fiber supplements</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">Antibiotics</a></li> <li>Medicines to reduce inflammation</li> <li>Probiotics</li> </ul> <p>If you have diverticulitis without complications, your provider may recommend treatment at home. However, you probably need treatment in the hospital if you have severe diverticulitis, diverticulitis with complications, or a high risk for complications. </p> <p>Treatments for diverticulitis may include:</p> <ul> <li>Antibiotics, except for very mild cases.</li> <li>A clear liquid diet for a short time to rest the colon. Your provider may suggest slowly adding solid foods to your diet as your symptoms improve.</li> <li>Medicines for pain. This is usually acetaminophen instead of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs may increase the chance of diverticulitis complications.</li> <li>Antispasmodic medicines to relieve spasms.</li> </ul> <p>If your diverticulitis doesn't improve with treatment or if it causes complications, you may need surgery to remove part of your colon.</p> <h3>Can diverticulitis be prevented?</h3> <p>Your provider may recommend lifestyle changes to prevent diverticulitis:</p> <ul> <li>Eating a diet high in fiber and low in red meat</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Being physically active on a regular basis</a></li> <li>Not smoking (and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quitting smoking</a> if you are a smoker)</li> <li>Reaching and maintaining a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">healthy weigh</a>t</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Diverticulosis y diverticulitis Diverticulum, Colon Diverticulitis Diverticular Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Diverticulitis Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Gastroenterology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Living With American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <h3>¿Qué es la diverticulosis?</h3> <p>Los divertículos son pequeñas bolsas o sacos que sobresalen a través de los puntos débiles en la pared del colon. Se forman principalmente en la parte inferior del colon. Cuando hay estas bolsas, se conoce como diverticulosis. La mayoría de las personas con diverticulosis no presentan síntomas ni problemas. Pero en ocasiones las bolsas pueden causar síntomas o inflamarse.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la diverticulitis?</h3> <p>La diverticulitis ocurre cuando una o más de las bolsas se inflaman. La diverticulitis puede aparecer repentinamente. A veces puede causar serios problemas de salud.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad diverticular?</h3> <p>La enfermedad diverticular es una afección que ocurre cuando las bolsas causan:</p> <ul> <li>Síntomas crónicos (a largo plazo)</li> <li>Sangrado diverticular</li> <li>Diverticulitis o complicaciones de diverticulitis</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?</h3> <p>Los investigadores no están seguros de la causa de la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis. Piensan que ciertos factores pueden tener un papel en provocar o aumentar el riesgo de estas afecciones, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Genética</strong>: Ciertos genes pueden hacer que algunas personas sean más propensas a desarrollar las afecciones</li> <li><strong>Factores de estilo de vida</strong> tales como:</li> <ul> <li>Dietas bajas en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html">fibra</a> y ricas en carnes rojas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Falta de actividad física</a></li> <li>Tomar ciertos medicamentos, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">antiinflamatorios no esteroides </a>(AINE) y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a></li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a></li> </ul> </ul> <p>Los investigadores también están analizando otros posibles factores que pueden desempeñar un papel en estas afecciones. Estos factores incluyen que las bacterias o las heces queden atrapadas en una bolsa en el colon y cambios en el microbioma de los intestinos. Su microbioma está formado por bacterias y otros organismos en sus intestinos.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar diverticulosis y diverticulitis?</h3> <p>La diverticulosis es común, especialmente a medida que las personas envejecen. Más de un tercio de los adultos estadounidenses entre 50 y 59 años tienen diverticulosis. Más de dos tercios de los mayores de 80 años la tienen. La mayoría de ellos no presentan síntomas ni problemas. Pero algunos desarrollarán diverticulitis.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?</h3> <p>En general, la diverticulosis no causa síntomas. Pero algunas personas pueden presentar síntomas crónicos como:</p> <ul> <li>Hinchazón</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">Estreñimiento</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a></li> <li>Calambres o dolor en la parte inferior del abdomen</li> </ul> <p>La diverticulitis puede causar síntomas agudos como:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor abdominal, con mayor frecuencia en el lado inferior izquierdo de su abdomen</li> <li>Estreñimiento o diarrea</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a> y escalofríos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náuseas y vómitos</a></li> </ul> <p>El dolor causado por la diverticulitis suele ser intenso y aparece de repente. Con menos frecuencia, el dolor puede ser leve y empeorar durante varios días.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas pueden causar la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?</h3> <p>Algunas personas con diverticulosis y diverticulitis pueden tener problemas de salud graves (complicaciones). El sangrado diverticular ocurre cuando se revienta un pequeño vaso sanguíneo dentro de la pared de una bolsa. El sangrado puede ser intenso y, a veces, incluso potencialmente mortal.</p> <p>Las personas con diverticulitis también pueden desarrollar problemas graves como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html">Absceso</a>: Un área dolorosa, inflamada y llena de pus causada por una infección</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fistulas.html">Fístula</a>: Abertura o paso anormal entre el colon y otra parte del cuerpo, como la vejiga o la vagina</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html">Obstrucción intestinal</a>: Bloqueo parcial o total que impide que los alimentos, los líquidos, el aire o las heces se muevan a través de los intestinos</li> <li>Perforación, o agujero, en el colon</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peritonealdisorders.html">Peritonitis</a>: Infección del revestimiento de la cavidad abdominal</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?</h3> <p>La diverticulosis se puede encontrar cuando su profesional de la salud está haciendo pruebas por otro motivo. En general, la diverticulitis se encuentra cuando tiene un ataque agudo.</p> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor analizará su historia clínica, le hará un examen físico y solicitará pruebas. Estas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Análisis de sangre</li> <li>Pruebas de heces</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">Pruebas de imagen</a> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ultrasonido</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">Colonoscopía</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diverticulosis y la diverticulitis?</h3> <p>Si su diverticulosis está causando síntomas crónicos, su profesional de la salud puede recomendar:</p> <ul> <li>Alimentos ricos en fibra o suplementos de fibra</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">Antibióticos</a></li> <li>Medicamentos para reducir la inflamación</li> <li>Probióticos</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene diverticulitis sin complicaciones, su proveedor puede recomendarle un tratamiento en el hogar. Sin embargo, es probable que necesite tratamiento en el hospital si tiene diverticulitis grave, diverticulitis con complicaciones o un alto riesgo de complicaciones.</p> <p>Los tratamientos para la diverticulitis pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Antibióticos, salvo casos muy leves</li> <li>Dieta de líquidos claros por un corto tiempo para descansar el colon. Su proveedor puede sugerirle que agregue lentamente alimentos sólidos a su dieta a medida que sus síntomas mejoren</li> <li>Medicamentos para el dolor: Por lo general, se trata de paracetamol en lugar de medicamentos antiinflamatorios noesteroideos (AINE). Los AINE pueden aumentar la posibilidad de complicaciones de la diverticulitis</li> <li>Medicamentos antiespasmódicos para aliviar los espasmos</li> </ul> <p>Si su diverticulitis no mejora con el tratamiento o si causa complicaciones, es posible que necesite una cirugía para extirpar parte de su colon.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la diverticulitis?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede recomendar cambios en el estilo de vida para prevenir la diverticulitis:</p> <ul> <li>Consumir una dieta alta en fibra y baja en carnes rojas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Estar físicamente activo de forma regular</a></li> <li>No fumar (y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar de fumar</a> si fuma)</li> <li>Alcanzar y mantener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">peso saludable</a> </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>When you're dizzy, you may feel lightheaded, woozy, or disoriented. If you feel like you or the room are spinning, you have vertigo. These feelings may make you lose your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html">balance</a>.</p> <p>Dizziness can have many different causes. A sudden drop in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html">blood pressure</a> or being <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydrated</a> can make you dizzy. Many people feel lightheaded if they get up too quickly from sitting or lying down. Certain medicines and problems with your inner <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eardisorders.html">ear</a> may cause dizziness. So can <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/motionsickness.html">motion sickness</a>. Sometimes dizziness can be a symptom of other disorders.</p> <p>As people get older, they may have more health problems and take more medicines. This makes them more likely to have problems with dizziness and balance.</p> <p>Dizziness usually gets better by itself or is easily treated. If you are dizzy often, you should see your health care provider to find the cause.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institutes of Health</p> Brain and Nerves Ear, Nose and Throat Symptoms Mareo y vértigo Vertigo Dizziness Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Balance Problems Meniere's Disease Motion Sickness Vertigo Vestibular Diseases Related Issues Vestibular Disorders Association Older Adults Vestibular Disorders Association PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Vestibular Disorders Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Vestibular Disorders Association Specifics Vestibular Disorders Association Related Issues American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Vestibular Disorders Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Treatments and Therapies Vestibular Disorders Association Reference Desk Vestibular Disorders Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Vestibular Disorders Association Living With Vestibular Disorders Association Specifics American Brain Foundation Treatments and Therapies Vestibular Disorders Association Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Reference Desk National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Related Issues National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Specifics Vestibular Disorders Association Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Vestibular Disorders Association Journal Articles Living With Vestibular Disorders Association Treatments and Therapies Vestibular Disorders Association Reference Desk Vestibular Disorders Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Vestibular Disorders Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Symptoms Vestibular Disorders Association Diálisis peritoneal Hemodiálisis <p>Cuando los riñones están sanos, limpian su sangre. También producen hormonas que mantienen sus huesos fuertes y su sangre sana. Cuando los riñones fallan, es necesario un tratamiento para sustituir el trabajo que ellos realizaban. A menos que reciba un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html">trasplante de riñón</a>, necesitará de un tratamiento llamado diálisis.</p> <p>Existen dos tipos principales de diálisis. Ambos tipos filtran la sangre para eliminar los desechos peligrosos del cuerpo, exceso de sal y agua.:</p><ul> <li>La hemodiálisis usa una máquina. A veces es llamada riñón artificial. Usted debe ir en forma frecuente a una clínica especial para recibir el tratamiento varias veces a la semana</li> <li>La diálisis peritoneal usa la membrana que recubre el abdomen, llamada membrana peritoneal, para filtrar la sangre</li> </ul> <p>Ambos tipos tienen riesgos y beneficios. También requieren que siga una dieta especial. El médico puede ayudarle a decidir el mejor tipo de diálisis para su caso.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Riñones y sistema urinario Dialysis Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Insuficiencia renal Diálisis renal Hemodiálisis Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Programa de Rehabilitación de Life Options PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Programa de Rehabilitación de Life Options PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nacional del Riñón Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Programa de Rehabilitación de Life Options PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Programa de Rehabilitación de Life Options PDF Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Programa de Rehabilitación de Life Options PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH <p>El dolor es una señal del sistema nervioso de que algo no anda bien. Es una sensación desagradable, como un pinchazo, hormigueo, picadura, ardor o molestia. El dolor puede ser agudo o sordo. Puede ser intermitente o ser constante. Puede sentir dolor en algún lugar del cuerpo, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html">espalda</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">abdomen</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html">pecho</a> o la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html">pelvis</a>. O puede sentir dolor generalizado.</p> <p>El dolor puede ayudar a diagnosticar un problema. Sin dolor, usted podría lastimarse gravemente sin saberlo o no darse cuenta de que tiene un problema médico que requiere tratamiento. </p> <p>Hay dos tipos de dolor: Agudo y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">crónico</a>. En general, el dolor agudo aparece de repente, debido a una enfermedad, lesión o inflamación. A menudo puede ser diagnosticado y tratado. Generalmente desaparece, aunque a veces puede convertirse en dolor crónico. El dolor crónico dura mucho tiempo y puede causar problemas graves.</p> <p>El dolor no siempre es curable, pero hay muchas formas de tratarlo. El tratamiento depende de la causa y el tipo de dolor. Hay tratamientos que usan medicamentos, como los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a>. También hay <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nondrugpainmanagement.html">tratamientos sin medicamentos</a>, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html">acupuntura</a>, la fisioterapia y, a veces, la cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Síntomas Pain Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Analgésicos Cuidado paliativo Dolor abdominal Dolor crónico Dolor de espalda Dolor de pecho Dolor pélvico Neuralgia del trigémino Síndrome de dolor regional complejo Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Merck & Co., Inc. Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Dolor de barriga Dolor de estómago Dolor de panza <p>El abdomen se extiende desde abajo del pecho hasta la ingle. Algunas personas lo llaman estómago, pero el abdomen contiene muchos otros órganos importantes. El dolor abdominal puede provenir de cualquiera de ellos. El dolor puede comenzar en algún otro lugar como, por ejemplo, el pecho. Un dolor severo no siempre indica un problema grave, y un dolor leve no significa que el problema no es serio. </p> <p>Si el dolor leve persiste por una semana o más, o si se acompaña de otros síntomas, llame a un profesional de la salud. Obtenga ayuda médica inmediata si:</p><ul> <li> Tiene un dolor abdominal repentino e intenso</li> <li> También tiene dolor en el pecho, el cuello o el hombro</li> <li>Vomita sangre u observa sangre en las evacuaciones </li> <li> Tiene el abdomen rígido, duro y sensible al tacto </li> <li>No puede evacuar (mover el intestino), especialmente si además tiene vómitos </li> </ul> Sistema digestivo Síntomas Abdominal Pain Dolor Dolor pélvico Abdomen, Dolor Dolor de barriga Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html">dolor</a> es una señal del sistema nervioso de que algo puede estar mal. Es una sensación desagradable, como un pinchazo, hormigueo, picadura, ardor o molestia. El dolor puede ser agudo o sordo. Puede sentir dolor en un área o en todas partes de su cuerpo. Existen dos tipos: agudo y crónico. El dolor agudo le permite saber que puede estar lesionado o tener un problema que debe atender. El dolor crónico es diferente. Puede durar semanas, meses o incluso años. La causa original puede haber sido una lesión o infección. Puede haber una causa continua de dolor, como artritis o cáncer. En algunos casos, no hay una causa clara. Los factores ambientales y psicológicos pueden empeorar el dolor crónico.</p> <p>Muchos adultos mayores tienen dolor crónico. Las mujeres también informan tener más dolor crónico que los hombres, y tienen un mayor riesgo de padecer muchas afecciones que provocan dolor. Algunas personas tienen dos o más enfermedades que causan dolor crónico.</p> <p>El dolor crónico no siempre es curable, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a>. También existen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nondrugpainmanagement.html">tratamientos para el dolor sin medicinas</a>, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html">acupuntura</a>, terapia física y en algunas ocasiones, cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Síntomas Chronic Pain Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Analgésicos Dolor Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Cefalea <p>Casi todas las personas han tenido un dolor de cabeza alguna vez. El dolor de cabeza es la forma más común de dolor, y una de las razones principales por las que las personas se toman días de trabajo o de escuela y acuden al médico. </p> <p>El tipo más común de dolor de cabeza es el tensional. Estos ocurren por la tensión que usted hace en los músculos de los hombros, del cuello, del cuero cabelludo y de la mandíbula. Suele relacionarse con el estrés, la depresión o la ansiedad. Usted podría tener una tendencia a tener este tipo de dolor de cabeza si trabaja demasiado, no duerme lo suficiente, se salta comidas o bebe bebidas alcohólicas.</p> <p>Otros tipos comunes de dolor de cabeza incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html">migrañas</a>, cefaleas en racimos y cefaleas por sinusitis. La mayoría de las personas puede sentirse mucho mejor si hace cambios en su estilo de vida, aprende maneras para relajarse y toma <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a>.</p> <p>No todos los dolores de cabeza necesitan atención médica. Pero a veces el dolor de cabeza puede indicar un trastorno más grave. Infórmele a su proveedor de salud si tiene dolores de cabeza repentinos y severos. Consiga ayuda médica de inmediato si tiene dolor de cabeza después de un golpe o si se presenta con rigidez en el cuello, fiebre, confusión, pérdida de la conciencia o dolor en los ojos o los oídos.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Síntomas Headache Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Migraña Cabeza, Dolor de Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Si alguna vez dijo "¡Ay, qué dolor de espalda!", usted no está solo. El dolor de espalda es uno de los problemas médicos más comunes y afecta a ocho de cada 10 personas en algún momento de sus vidas. El dolor de espalda puede variar desde un dolor sordo, constante, hasta un dolor súbito e intenso. El dolor de espalda agudo aparece repentinamente y suele durar algunos días o semanas. El dolor de espalda es crónico cuando dura más de tres meses. </p> <p>La mayoría de los dolores de espalda desaparecen espontáneamente, aunque pueden demorar algún tiempo. Los analgésicos de venta libre y el reposo pueden ayudar. Sin embargo, permanecer en cama por más de uno o dos días puede empeorarlo. </p> <p>Si el dolor de espalda es severo o no mejora al cabo de tres días, debe llamar a un profesional de la salud. También debe buscar atención médica si presenta dolor de espalda después de una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backinjuries.html">lesión</a>. </p> <p>El tratamiento para el dolor de espalda depende de qué lo esté causando y qué tipo de dolor usted tenga. Puede incluir compresas frías o calientes, ejercicio, medicamentos, inyecciones, tratamientos complementarios y, a veces, cirugía. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Cerebro y nervios Back Pain Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Ciática Dolor Dolor crónico Estenosis espinal Guía para una buena postura Hernia de disco Lesiones de la espalda Lesiones y enfermedades de la columna vertebral Traumatismo de la médula espinal Espalda, Dolor de Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Estadounidense de la Columna Vertebral PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Médica Americana PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Faringitis <p>Su garganta es un tubo que lleva la comida al esófago y el aire a su laringe, donde se encuentran las cuerdas vocales. Técnicamente, a la garganta se le llama faringe.</p> <p>Se puede tener dolor de garganta por varias razones. A menudo, la causa es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfrío</a> y una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a>. Otras causas incluyen:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">Alergias</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousmononucleosis.html">Mononucleosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html">Inflamación estreptocócica</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html">Amigdalitis</a></li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento depende de la causa. Chupar caramelos, tomar mucho líquido y hacer gárgaras puede aliviar el dolor. Analgésicos de venta libre pueden también ayudar, pero los niños no deben tomar aspirina.</p> Oído, nariz y garganta Sore Throat Enfermedades de la garganta Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>Tener dolor en el pecho puede asustarlo. Pero no significa que usted esté sufriendo un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque al corazón</a>. Hay muchas otras razones:</p> <ul> <li> Otros problemas del corazón como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html">angina</a></li> <li>Ataques de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html">pánico</a></li> <li> Problemas digestivos como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html">acidez</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html">enfermedades del esófago</a></li> <li> Músculos adoloridos</li> <li>Enfermedades de los pulmones, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pleuraldisorders.html">pleuresía</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html">embolismo pulmonar</a></li> <li> Costocondritis: una inflamación de las articulaciones del pecho</li> </ul> <p> Algunos de estos problemas pueden ser serios. Solicite atención médica urgente si el dolor de pecho no se va, si siente presión o compresión o si el dolor de pecho viene acompañado de náusea, sudor, mareo o falta de aire. El tratamiento del dolor de pecho dependerá de la causa del dolor. </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Síntomas Chest Pain Acidez estomacal Angina de pecho Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Dismenorrea Dolor al menstruar Dolor en la menstruación <b>¿Qué son los períodos menstruales dolorosos?</b> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">menstruación</a>, o período, es el sangrado vaginal normal que ocurre como parte del ciclo mensual de una mujer. Muchas mujeres tienen períodos dolorosos, también llamados dismenorrea. El dolor más a menudo se debe a los calambres menstruales, que son dolores palpitantes o cólicos en la parte baja del abdomen. También puede tener otros síntomas, como dolor de espalda baja, náuseas, diarrea y dolores de cabeza. El dolor del período no es lo mismo que el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/premenstrualsyndrome.html">síndrome premenstrual</a>. Este síndrome causa muchos síntomas diferentes, incluyendo aumento de peso, hinchazón, irritabilidad y fatiga. El síndrome a menudo comienza una o dos semanas antes del comienzo de su período.</p> <b>¿Qué causa los períodos menstruales dolorosos?</b> <p>Hay dos tipos de dismenorrea, primaria y secundaria. Cada tipo tiene diferentes causas.</p> <p>La dismenorrea primaria es el tipo más común de dolor menstrual. Es el dolor menstrual que no es causado por otra afección. La causa suele ser tener demasiadas prostaglandinas, que son productos químicos del útero. Estos productos químicos hacen que los músculos de su útero se contraigan y relajen, lo que provoca los calambres.</p> <p>El dolor puede comenzar uno o dos días antes de su período. Normalmente, dura unos pocos días, aunque en algunas mujeres puede durar más tiempo.</p> <p>Por lo general, el dolor menstrual comienza en la juventud, justo después de comenzar a tener períodos menstruales. A menudo, a medida que envejece, se experimenta menos dolor. El dolor también puede mejorar después de haber dado a luz.</p> <p>La dismenorrea secundaria a menudo comienza más tarde en la vida. Es causada por enfermedades que afectan a su útero u otros órganos reproductivos, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endometriosis.html">endometriosis</a> y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinefibroids.html">fibroides uterinos</a>. Es común que este tipo de dolor a menudo empeore con el tiempo. Puede comenzar antes que empiece su período, y continuar hasta después que termine.</p> <b>¿Qué puedo hacer para el dolor del período?</b> <p>Para ayudar a aliviar el dolor de su período, puede probar:</p> <ul> <li>Usar una almohadilla caliente o una bolsa de agua caliente en la parte inferior del abdomen</li> <li>Hacer ejercicio</li> <li>Tomar un baño caliente</li> <li>Practicar técnicas de relajación, incluyendo yoga y meditación</li> </ul> <p>También puede probar tomar analgésicos sin receta como los antiinflamatorios no esteroides. Estos incluyen el ibuprofeno y naproxeno. Además de aliviar el dolor, estos antiinflamatorios reducen la cantidad de prostaglandinas que produce el útero y disminuyen sus efectos. Esto ayuda a disminuir los calambres. Usted puede tomarlos cuando tiene síntomas por primera vez, o cuando su período comienza, y puede seguir tomándolos por unos días. No debe tomarlos si tiene úlceras u otros problemas estomacales, problemas de sangrado o enfermedad hepática. Tampoco debe tomarlos si es alérgica a la aspirina. Siempre consulte con su proveedor de atención médica si no está segura que puede tomar antiinflamatorios no esteroides.</p> <p>También puede ayudarle descansar lo suficiente y evitar el consumo de alcohol y tabaco.</p> <b>¿Cuándo es necesario ver a un profesional de la salud por el dolor menstrual?</b> <p>Para muchas mujeres es normal un poco de dolor durante su período. Sin embargo, debe hablar con su proveedor de atención médica si:</p> <ul> <li>Los antiinflamatorios no esteroides y los cuidados personales no ayudan, y el dolor interfiere con su vida</li> <li>Los calambres repentinamente empeoran</li> <li>Tiene más de 25 años y tiene calambres severos por primera vez</li> <li>Tiene fiebre con el dolor de su período</li> <li>Tiene el dolor incluso cuando no está en su período menstrual</li> </ul> <b>¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa del dolor menstrual severo?</b> <p>Para diagnosticar el dolor menstrual severo, su médico le preguntará acerca de su historia clínica y realizará un examen pélvico. También puede utilizar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ecografía</a> u otra <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">prueba de imagen</a>. Si su proveedor de atención médica piensa que tiene dismenorrea secundaria, podría tener una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">laparoscopia</a> pélvica, una cirugía que permite a su proveedor de atención médica observar dentro de su cuerpo.</p> <b>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el dolor menstrual severo?</b> <p>Si usted tiene dismenorrea primaria y necesita tratamiento médico, su proveedor de atención médica podría sugerir el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales, como la píldora, el parche, el anillo o un dispositivo intrauterino. Los analgésicos de receta médica podrían ser otra opción de tratamiento.</p> <p>Si usted tiene dismenorrea secundaria, su tratamiento depende de la afección que está causando el problema. En algunos casos, es posible que necesite cirugía.</p> Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Period Pain Menstruación, Dolor Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>El dolor pélvico ocurre principalmente en la parte baja del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">abdomen</a>. El dolor puede ser constante o aparecer y desaparecer. Puede ser un dolor intenso y punzante en un lugar específico, o una molestia tenue en un área amplia de la pelvis. Si el dolor es fuerte, puede interferir con las actividades cotidianas.</p> <p>Si usted es mujer, puede sentir dolor durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">período menstrual</a>. También puede ocurrir cuando tiene relaciones sexuales. El dolor pélvico puede ser un signo de que existe un problema con uno de los órganos de la región pélvica, como el útero, los ovarios, las trompas de Falopio, el cuello uterino o la vagina. Si es hombre, puede deberse a un problema de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html">próstata</a>. En hombres y mujeres, puede ser un síntoma de infección o de problemas en las vías urinarias, el intestino, el recto, los músculos o los huesos. Algunas mujeres pueden presentar más de una causa de dolor pélvico al mismo tiempo.</p> <p>Quizá deba someterse a exámenes de laboratorio, de imagen u otras pruebas médicas para encontrar la causa del dolor. El tratamiento dependerá de la causa, la intensidad y frecuencia del dolor.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Mujeres Síntomas Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor femenino Pelvic Pain Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Dolor abdominal Problemas sexuales en las mujeres Pelvis, Dolor Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>La donación de órganos toma órganos y tejidos sanos de una persona para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">trasplantarlos</a> en otras. Los especialistas dicen que los órganos de una persona donante pueden salvar o ayudar hasta 50 personas. Los órganos que se pueden donar incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Órganos internos: riñones, corazón, hígado, páncreas, intestinos, pulmones </li> <li> Piel </li> <li> Hueso y médula ósea </li> <li> Córnea </li> </ul> <p>La mayoría de las donaciones de órganos y tejido ocurre cuando el donante fallece. Pero algunos pueden ser donados en vida.</p> <p>Los donantes pueden ser personas de todas las edades y orígenes. Si es menor de 18 años, sus padres o su tutor deben autorizarlo a ser donante. Si es mayor de 18 años, puede indicar que desea ser donante firmando una tarjeta de donantes. También puede comunicarle sus deseos a su familia.</p> <p class="">Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud</p> Transplantes y donaciones Organ Donation Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Done Vida Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud Dormir saludablemente Sueño saludable <h3>¿Qué es el sueño?</h3> <p>Cuando usted duerme está inconsciente, pero las funciones de su cerebro y cuerpo siguen activas. El sueño es un complejo proceso biológico que le ayuda a procesar información nueva, mantenerse saludable y a sentirse descansado.</p> <p>Durante el sueño, su cerebro pasa por cinco fases diferentes: Etapa 1, 2, 3, 4 y sueño de movimientos oculares rápidos (MOR o REM en inglés). Diferentes cosas ocurren en cada etapa. Por ejemplo, usted pasa por distintos patrones de ondas cerebrales (patrones de actividad eléctrica en el cerebro) en cada una de ellas. Su respiración, ritmo cardiaco y temperatura puede ser más rápido o lento en ciertas etapas. Algunas fases del sueño pueden ayudarle a sentirse más descansado y con energía al día siguiente. Las distintas fases del sueño lo ayudan a:</p><ul> <li>Sentirse descansado y con energía al día siguiente</li> <li>Aprender información, hacer reflexiones y formar recuerdos</li> <li>Descansar el corazón y el sistema vascular</li> <li>Liberar más hormona del crecimiento, que ayuda a los niños a crecer. También aumenta la masa muscular y la reparación de células y tejidos en niños y adultos</li> <li>Liberar hormonas sexuales, que contribuyen a la pubertad y la fertilidad</li> <li>Evitar enfermarse o a mejorarse cuando está enfermo, creando más citoquinas (hormonas que ayudan al sistema inmunitario a combatir varias infecciones)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuánto sueño necesito?</h3> <p>La cantidad de sueño que usted necesita depende de varios factores, incluyendo su edad, estilo de vida, estado de salud y si ha dormido lo suficiente. Las recomendaciones generales para dormir son:</p><ul> <li><b>Recién nacidos:</b> 16-18 horas al día</li> <li><b>Niños en edad preescolar:</b> 11-12 horas al día</li> <li><b>Niños en edad escolar:</b> por lo menos 10 horas al día</li> <li><b>Adolescentes:</b> 9-10 horas al día</li> <li><b>Adultos (incluyendo adultos mayores):</b> 7-8 horas al día</li> </ul> <p>Durante la pubertad, el reloj biológico de los adolescentes cambia y es más probable que se acuesten más tarde que los niños y adultos, y tienden a querer dormir más por la mañana. Esto está en conflicto con las tempraneras horas de inicio de muchas escuelas secundarias y ayuda a explicar por qué la mayoría de los adolescentes no duermen lo suficiente.</p> <p>Algunas personas piensan que los adultos necesitan dormir menos a medida que envejecen, pero no hay evidencia que lo demuestre. Sin embargo, a medida que las personas envejecen tienden a dormir menos o a pasar menos tiempo en el sueño profundo y reparador. Las personas mayores también se despiertan más fácilmente.</p> <p>Y no sólo la cantidad de horas de sueño que obtiene es lo que importa. La calidad del sueño también es importante. </p> <p>Las personas cuyo sueño suele interrumpirse o acortarse pueden no pasar suficiente tiempo en las diferentes etapas del sueño. </p> <p>Si tiene dudas sobre si consigue dormir lo suficiente, incluyendo sueño de calidad, pregúntese lo siguiente:</p><ul> <li>¿Tengo problemas para levantarme por la mañana?</li> <li>¿Tengo problemas para concentrarme durante el día?</li> <li>¿Estoy somnoliento durante el día?</li> </ul> <p>Si respondió afirmativamente a estas tres preguntas, debería tratar de dormir mejor.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos a la salud de no dormir lo suficiente?</h3> <p>El sueño es importante para la salud en general. Cuando no duerme lo suficiente (privación del sueño), puede sentirse cansado y afectar su rendimiento, incluyendo su capacidad de pensar con claridad, reaccionar rápidamente y formar recuerdos. Esto puede llevarlo a tomar malas decisiones y ponerse en situaciones de riesgo. Las personas que no duermen bien son más propensas a sufrir accidentes.</p> <p>La privación del sueño también puede afectar su estado de ánimo, lo que causa:</p><ul> <li>Irritabilidad</li> <li>Problemas en sus relaciones, especialmente para niños y adolescentes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">Ansiedad</a></li> </ul> <p>También puede afectar su salud física. Los estudios muestran que no dormir lo suficiente o dormir mal aumenta el riesgo de:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial alta</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">Enfermedad del corazón</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Accidente cerebrovascular</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">Enfermedad del riñón</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">Diabetes tipo 2</a></li> </ul> <p>No dormir lo suficiente puede afectar la liberación de las hormonas que lo ayudan a crear masa muscular, combatir infecciones y reparar células. Además, en los niños puede hacer que no liberen suficientes hormonas que los hacen crecer. </p> <p>La privación del sueño aumenta el efecto del alcohol. Una persona con sueño que beba demasiado alcohol resultará más afectada que una persona bien descansada.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo dormir mejor?</h3> <p>Usted puede tomar medidas para mejorar sus hábitos de sueño. En primer lugar, asegúrese de que tenga suficiente tiempo para dormir. Con dormir lo suficiente cada noche, usted puede sentirse mejor y más productivo durante el día.</p> <p>Para mejorar sus hábitos de sueño, también puede ayudar:</p><ul> <li>Irse a la cama y despertar a la misma hora todos los días</li> <li>Evitar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">cafeína</a>, especialmente por la tarde y noche</li> <li>Evitar la nicotina</li> <li>Hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">ejercicio</a> con regularidad, pero no demasiado tarde</li> <li>Evitar las bebidas alcohólicas antes de acostarse</li> <li>Evitar comidas y bebidas pesadas por la noche</li> <li>No tomar siestas después de las 3 de la tarde</li> <li>Relajarse antes de acostarse, por ejemplo, tomando un baño, leyendo o escuchando música suave</li> <li>Mantener su dormitorio con una temperatura fresca </li> <li>Deshacerse de distracciones como ruidos, luces brillantes y el televisor o computadora en el dormitorio. Además, no se sienta tentado de usar su teléfono o tableta justo antes de acostarse</li> <li>Obtener suficiente sol durante el día</li> <li>No se acueste en la cama despierto. Si no puede dormir por 20 minutos, levántese y haga algo relajante</li> <li>Consulte a un médico si tiene problemas constantes para dormir. Usted puede tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html">trastorno del sueño</a>, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html">insomnio</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">apnea del sueño</a>. En algunos casos, su médico puede sugerir usar medicamentos para dormir disponibles con o sin receta médica. En otros casos, puede solicitar un estudio del sueño para diagnosticar el problema</li> </ul> <p>Si usted trabaja por turnos, puede ser aún más difícil dormir bien. Es probable que usted necesite:</p><ul> <li>Tomar siestas y aumentar la cantidad de tiempo disponible para dormir</li> <li>Mantener las luces prendidas en su trabajo</li> <li>Limitar los cambios de turno para permitir que su cuerpo se ajuste</li> <li>Consumir cafeína sólo al comienzo de su turno</li> <li>Remover las fuentes de sonido y luz durante su descanso diurno (por ejemplo, usar cortinas que bloqueen la luz)</li> </ul> Cerebro y nervios Healthy Sleep Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Adolescentes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Trisomy 21 <h3>What is Down syndrome? </h3> <p>Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome or an extra piece of a chromosome. This extra copy changes how a baby's body and brain develop. It can cause both mental and physical challenges during their lifetime. Even though people with Down syndrome might act and look similar, each person has different abilities.</p> <h3>What causes Down syndrome?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/chromosome/">Chromosomes</a> are tiny "packages" in your cells that contain your genes. Genes carry information, called DNA, that controls what you look like and how your body works. People with Down syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21. In some cases, they may have an extra copy of part of the chromosome. Having an extra copy of a chromosome is called trisomy. So sometimes Down syndrome is also called trisomy 21.</p> <p>Down syndrome is usually not inherited. It happens by chance, as an error when cells are dividing during early <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">development of the fetus</a>. It is not known for sure why Down syndrome occurs or how many different factors play a role.</p> <p>One factor that increases the risk of having a baby with Down syndrome is the age of the mother. Women ages 35 and older are more likely to have a baby with Down syndrome.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of Down syndrome?</h3> <p>The symptoms of Down syndrome are different in each person. And people with Down syndrome may have different problems at different times of their lives. They usually have mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. Their <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html">development is often delayed</a>. For example, they may <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html">start talking later</a> than other children.</p> <p>Some of the common physical signs of Down syndrome include:</p> <ul> <li>A flat face</li> <li>Eyes that slant up</li> <li>A short neck</li> <li>Small hands and feet</li> <li>Poor muscle tone</li> <li>Loose joints</li> </ul> <h3>What other problems does Down syndrome cause?</h3> <p>Many people with Down syndrome have the common physical signs and have healthy lives. But some people with Down syndrome might have one or more birth defects or other health problems. Some of the more common ones include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingproblemsinchildren.html">Hearing loss</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">Sleep apnea</a> (a disorder that causes you to repeatedly stop breathing during sleep)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html">Ear infections</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html">Eye diseases</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">Congenital heart defects</a> (heart defects that are present at birth)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html">Digestive problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html">Problems with the upper part of the spine</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is Down syndrome diagnosed?</h3> <p>Health care providers can check for Down syndrome during pregnancy or after a child is born.</p> <p>There are two basic types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/down-syndrome-tests/">tests that help find Down syndrome during pregnancy</a>:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Prenatal screening tests</strong> can show whether your unborn baby has a higher or lower chance of having Down syndrome. If a screening test shows that your baby could have Down syndrome, you'll need another test to find out for sure.</li> <li><strong>Prenatal diagnostic tests</strong> can diagnose or rule out Down syndrome by checking the chromosomes in a sample of cells.</li> </ul> <p>These tests have a small risk of causing a miscarriage, so they're often done after a screening test shows that an unborn baby could have Down syndrome.</p> <p>After a baby is born, the provider may make an initial diagnosis of Down syndrome based on the physical signs of the syndrome. The provider can use a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/">karyotype genetic test</a> to confirm the diagnosis. The test can check for extra chromosomes in a sample of the baby's blood.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for Down syndrome?</h3> <p>There is no single, standard treatment for Down syndrome. Treatments are based on each person's physical and intellectual needs, strengths, and limitations.</p> <p>Services early in life focus on helping children with Down syndrome develop to their full potential. These services include speech, occupational, and physical therapies. They are typically offered through early intervention programs in each state. Children with Down syndrome may also need extra help or attention in school, although many children are included in regular classes.</p> <p>Since people with Down syndrome can have birth defects and other health problems, they will need regular medical care. They may need to have certain extra <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html">health screenings</a> to check for problems that happen more often in people with Down syndrome.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Genetics/Birth Defects Síndrome de Down Down Syndrome Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Trisomy 21 Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here National Down Syndrome Society Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Related Issues National Down Syndrome Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues National Down Syndrome Society Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Down Syndrome Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Down Syndrome Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Down Syndrome Society Related Issues National Down Syndrome Society Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Down Syndrome Society Statistics and Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Related Issues National Down Syndrome Society Find an Expert National Down Syndrome Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Children National Down Syndrome Society Easy-to-Read Related Issues National Down Syndrome Society Related Issues National Down Syndrome Society Statistics and Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Statistics and Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>We all need to drink water. How much you need depends on your size, activity level, and the weather where you live.</p> <p>The water you drink is a combination of surface water and groundwater. Surface water includes rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Groundwater comes from underground. The United States has one of the safest water supplies in the world, but drinking water quality can vary from place to place. It depends on the condition of the source water and the treatment it receives. Treatment may include adding fluoride to prevent cavities and chlorine to kill germs. </p> <p>Your water supplier must give you annual reports on drinking water. The reports include where your water came from and what <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/waterpollution.html">contaminants</a> are in it.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Food and Nutrition Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Agua potable Drinking Water Spanish Asbestos Cryptosporidiosis E. Coli Infections Food Safety Foodborne Illness Giardia Infections Lead Poisoning Parasitic Diseases Traveler's Health Water Pollution Water Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Images U.S. Geological Survey Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Environmental Protection Agency PDF Specifics Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Nemours Foundation Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Teenagers Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics Environmental Protection Agency PDF Children Nemours Foundation Drogas de diseño Drogas recreativas Drogas sintéticas <h3>¿Qué son las drogas de club?</h3> <p>Las drogas de club son un grupo de drogas psicoactivas. Actúan sobre el sistema nervioso central y pueden causar cambios en el estado de ánimo, la conciencia y el comportamiento. A menudo, los adultos jóvenes usan estas sustancias en bares, conciertos, clubes nocturnos y fiestas. Como la mayoría de las drogas, tienen apodos que cambian con el tiempo o son diferentes en distintas áreas del país.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de drogas de club?</h3> <p>Los tipos de drogas de club más utilizados incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Metilendioximetanfetamina (MDMA), también conocida como Éxtasis, Rola, X, Pepa, Abrazo, Adán, Amores, Eva, Tacha, Claridad, Droga del abrazo, Droga del amor, E, XTC</li> <li>Gamahidroxibutirato (GHB), también conocida como G, Éxtasis líquido y G, Líquido E, Líquido X, Aminos, Dormir, FX, Tranquili G, Néctar, Vita G </li> <li> Ketamina, también conocida como Súper KC, Tranquilizante de gato, Vitamina K, Especial CK, Verde </li> <li> Rohypnol, también conocido como la Pastilla olvidarme, Valium mexicano, R2, Roches, Rufis, Rufinol, Cuerda, Rofis </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html">Metanfetamina</a>, también conocida como anfetas, meta y tiza </li> <li> Dietilamida del ácido lisérgico (LSD), también conocida como ácido y micropuntos </li> </ul> <p>Algunos de estos medicamentos están aprobados para ciertos usos médicos. Otras veces estas drogas se usan en forma indebida.</p> <h3>¿Qué son las drogas para violación en citas?</h3> <p>Las drogas para violación en citas son cualquier tipo de droga o alcohol usadas para facilitar una agresión sexual. Alguien podría colocar una en su bebida cuando no esté mirando. O puede estar bebiendo alcohol o usando una droga, y una persona puede hacerla más fuerte sin que usted lo sepa.</p> <p>A veces, las drogas de club también se usan como drogas para violación en citas. Estas sustancias son muy potentes. Pueden afectarle muy rápidamente y es posible que no sepa que algo está mal. El período de tiempo que duran sus efectos varía. Depende de la cantidad de droga en su cuerpo y si se mezcla con otras drogas o alcohol. El alcohol puede hacer que los efectos de las drogas sean aún más fuertes y puede causar serios problemas de salud, incluyendo la muerte.</p> <h3>¿Qué cosas puedo hacer para protegerme de las drogas para la violación en citas?</h3> <p>Para tratar de evitar las drogas de violación:</p> <ul> <li>Nunca deje su bebida desatendida</li> <li>No acepte bebidas de otras personas</li> <li>Si bebe de una lata o botella, ábrala usted mismo</li> <li>Cuide a sus amigos y pídales que le cuiden</li> </ul> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Club Drugs Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Consumo de drogas y la adicción Metanfetamina Anfetamina Drogas de diseño Drogas recreativas Drogas sintéticas GHB (Gama-hidroxibutirato) MDMA Rohipnol Sintéticas, Drogas Éxtasis Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Control de Drogas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Abuso de droga y los adolescentes Abuso de drogas de menores Abuso de drogas y los jóvenes Abuso de drogas y los niños Abuso de sustancias y los menores <h3>¿Qué es el uso de drogas?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">consumo</a>, o uso indebido, de drogas incluye:</p> <ul> <li>Uso de sustancias ilegales, como:</li> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anabolicsteroids.html">Esteroides anabólicos</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clubdrugs.html">Drogas de club</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cocaine.html">Cocaína</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html">Heroína</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalants.html">Inhalantes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marijuana.html">Marihuana</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html">Metanfetaminas</a></li> </ul> </ul> <ul> <li>Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioides</a>. Esto significa tomar el medicamento de una manera diferente al que el profesional de la salud indicó. Esto incluye:</li> <ul> <li>Tomar un medicamento recetado para otra persona</li> <li>Tomar una dosis mayor a la indicada</li> <li> Usar el medicamento de una manera diferente de la que debe hacerlo. Por ejemplo, inhalar o inyectarse las tabletas en lugar de tragarlas</li> <li>Usar el medicamento para otro propósito, como drogarse</li> </ul> </ul> <ul> <li>Uso indebido de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html">medicamentos de venta libre</a>, incluyendo su uso para otro propósito y usarla en forma diferente</li> </ul> <h3>¿Por qué son especialmente peligrosas las drogas para los jóvenes?</h3> <p>El cerebro de los jóvenes sigue creciendo y desarrollándose hasta alrededor de los 25 años, incluyendo la corteza prefrontal, que cumple un rol importante para tomar decisiones. Consumir drogas durante la juventud puede interferir con los procesos de desarrollo del cerebro. También puede afectar la toma de decisiones. Es más probable hacer cosas riesgosas, como tener sexo sin protección y conducir peligrosamente.</p> <p>Mientras más temprano los jóvenes empiecen a consumir drogas, mayores serán las posibilidades de continuar consumiendo en el futuro. El abuso de drogas en la juventud puede contribuir al desarrollo de problemas como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades cardíacas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html">trastornos del sueño</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles drogas son las más consumidas por los jóvenes?</h3> <p>Las drogas más usadas por los jóvenes son el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html">alcohol</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokingandyouth.html">tabaco </a> y la marihuana. Recientemente, más jóvenes han comenzado a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html">vapear</a> tabaco y marihuana. Aún hay mucho desconocimiento sobre los peligros de vapear. Algunas personas se han enfermado de repente o incluso murieron después de vapear. Debido a esto, se recomienda que los jóvenes no vapeen.</p> <h3>¿Por qué los jóvenes consumen drogas?</h3> <p>Hay muchas razones diferentes por las cuales un joven pueda consumir drogas, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Para encajar en su grupo</strong>: Los jóvenes pueden consumir drogas porque quieren ser aceptados por amigos o compañeros que también consumen drogas</li> <li><strong>Para sentirse bien</strong>: El abuso de drogas puede producir sentimientos de placer</li> <li><strong>Para sentirse mejor</strong>: Algunos jóvenes sufren <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a>, trastornos relacionados con el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a>y dolor físico. Por ello, pueden usar drogas para tratar de obtener algo de alivio</li> <li><strong>Mejorar su desempeño académico o deportivo</strong>: Algunos jóvenes pueden tomar estimulantes para estudiar o esteroides anabólicos para mejorar su rendimiento deportivo</li> <li><strong>Experimentar</strong>: Los jóvenes a menudo quieren probar nuevas experiencias, especialmente aquellas que creen que son emocionantes o audaces </li> </ul> <h3>¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de consumir drogas?</h3> <p>Diferentes factores pueden aumentar el riesgo de una persona de consumir drogas, como:</p> <ul> <li>Experiencias estresantes de la vida temprana, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html">maltrato infantil</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html">abuso sexual infantil</a> y otras formas de trauma</li> <li>Genética</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">Exposición prenatal</a> al alcohol u otras drogas</li> <li>Falta de supervisión o monitoreo de los padres</li> <li>Tener compañeros y / o amigos que usan drogas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son las señales de que un joven tiene un problema de drogas?</h3> <ul> <li>Cambiar mucho de amigos</li> <li>Pasar mucho tiempo solo</li> <li>Perder interés en sus cosas favoritas</li> <li>No preocuparse de su apariencia personal, por ejemplo, no ducharse, cambiarse de ropa o lavarse los dientes</li> <li>Estar realmente cansado y triste</li> <li>Comer más o comer menos de lo habitual</li> <li>Tener mucha energía, hablar rápido o decir cosas que no tienen sentido</li> <li>Estar de mal humor</li> <li>Pasar rápidamente entre sentirse mal y sentirse bien</li> <li>No asistir a citas importantes</li> <li>Tener problemas en la escuela, faltar a clases o sacarse malas notas</li> <li>Tener problemas en sus relaciones personales</li> <li>Mentir y robar</li> <li>Problemas de memoria, falta de concentración, falta de coordinación, o dificultad para hablar, entre otras</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir el consumo de drogas en los jóvenes?</h3> <p>El consumo de drogas y la adicción se puede prevenir. Los programas de prevención que involucran a familias, escuelas, comunidades y medios de comunicación pueden prevenir o reducir el consumo de drogas y la adicción. Estos programas incluyen iniciativas educativas y de alcance comunitario para ayudar a las personas a entender los riesgos del consumo de drogas.</p> <p>Puede ayudar a evitar que sus hijos consuman drogas al tener:</p> <ul> <li>Buena comunicación con sus hijos</li> <li>Alentarlos para el desarrollo de confianza y un fuerte sentido de sí mismos. También ayuda a los padres a promover la cooperación y reducir conflictos</li> <li>Enseñar a sus hijos habilidades para resolver problemas</li> <li>Establecer límites: Enseña a los niños el autocontrol y la responsabilidad, proporciona límites seguros y les demuestra que usted se preocupa de ellos</li> <li>Supervisar: Ayuda a los padres a reconocer problemas, promover la seguridad y mantenerse involucrados con sus hijos</li> <li>Conocer a los amigos de sus hijos</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</p> Niños y adolescentes Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Drugs and Young People Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Alcohol y menores de edad Cocaína Fumar y los jóvenes Inhalantes Marihuana Medicinas para la tos y el resfrío Adolescentes, Abuso de drogas Chicos, Abuso de drogas Niños, Abuso de drogas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Control de Drogas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>People drown when they get too much water in their lungs. You can drown in as little as an inch or two of water. Babies can drown in a sink or bathtub. Preschoolers are most likely to drown in a swimming pool. People who have seizure disorders are also at risk in the water. Drowning can happen quickly and silently. </p> <p>Drowning precautions should include:</p><ul> <li> Fences around pools</li> <li> Supervising children near any body of water, including tubs</li> <li> Not <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/watersafetyrecreational.html">swimming or boating</a> when under the influence of alcohol or sedatives</li> <li> Wearing life jackets when boating</li> <li> Learning <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cpr.html">CPR</a></li> </ul> Injuries and Wounds Ahogo Drowning Spanish Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Journal Articles Learn More American Red Cross Side effects <p>Most of the time, medicines make our lives better. They reduce aches and pains, fight infections, and control problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes. But medicines can also cause unwanted reactions, such as drug interactions, side effects, and allergies.</p> <h3>What is a drug interaction?</h3> <p>A drug interaction is a change in the way a drug acts in the body when taken with certain other drugs, foods, or supplements or when taken while you have certain medical conditions. Examples include:</p> <ul> <li>Two drugs, such as aspirin and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">blood thinners</a></li> <li>Drugs and food, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html">statins</a> and grapefruit</li> <li>Drugs and supplements, such as gingko and blood thinners</li> <li>Drugs and medical conditions, such as aspirin and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html">peptic ulcers</a></li> </ul> <p>Interactions could cause a drug to be more or less effective, cause side effects, or change the way one or both drugs work.</p> <h3>What are side effects?</h3> <p>Side effects are unwanted, usually unpleasant, effects caused by medicines. Most are mild, such as a stomachache, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html">dry mouth</a>, or drowsiness, and go away after you stop taking the medicine. Others can be more serious. Sometimes a drug can interact with a disease that you have and cause a side effect. For example, if you have a heart condition, certain decongestants can cause you to have a rapid heartbeat.</p> <h3>What are drug allergies?</h3> <p>Drug allergies are another type of reaction. They can range from mild to life-threatening. Skin reactions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hives.html">hives</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rashes</a>, are the most common type. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html">Anaphylaxis</a>, a serious allergic reaction, is less common.</p> <h3>How can I stay safe when taking medicines?</h3> <p>When you start a new prescription or over-the-counter medicine, make sure you understand how to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html">take it correctly</a>. Know which other medicines, foods, and supplements you need to avoid. Always talk to your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions about your medicines.</p> <p></p> Drug Therapy Interacciones y efectos secundarios de los medicamentos Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Drug Hypersensitivity Metabolic Side Effects of Drugs and Substances Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury Drug Interactions Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian Allergy Anaphylaxis Drug Safety Hives Medication Errors Medicines Over-the-Counter Medicines Drug Allergies Drug Interactions Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Jewish Health Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images VisualDX Children VisualDX Start Here Food and Drug Administration Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Related Issues National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Easy-to-Read NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues American Heart Association Learn More National Jewish Health Start Here American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Reference Desk National Library of Medicine Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Video Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Before any drug can be sold in the United States, it must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This is true whether it's a prescription or an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html">over-the-counter</a> drug. The FDA evaluates both the effectiveness and safety of a drug by looking at: </p> <ul> <li>How animal testing and human clinical trials affect the condition the drug is treating</li> <li>If any <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">side effects</a> occur</li> <li>How it's manufactured</li> <li>What the labeling says</li> </ul> <p>The FDA also monitors a drug's safety after approval. Health care providers and patients can report drug side effects through the FDA's <a href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch-fda-safety-information-and-adverse-event-reporting-program">MedWatch website</a>.</p> <p>For you, drug safety means buying online only from licensed pharmacies located in the United States. It also means knowing how to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html">take your medicines correctly</a>.</p> Safety Issues Drug Therapy Seguridad de los medicamentos Drug and Narcotic Control Counterfeit Drugs Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Drug Reactions Health Fraud Medication Errors Medicines Medicines and Children Over-the-Counter Medicines Specifics Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Start Here Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Start Here Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Journal Articles Specifics Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Drug Abuse Substance Use <h3>What are drugs?</h3> <p>Drugs are chemical substances that can change how your body and mind work. They include prescription medicines, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html">over-the-counter medicines</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">tobacco</a>, and illegal drugs.</p> <h3>What is drug use?</h3> <p>Drug use, or misuse, includes:</p><ul> <li>Using illegal substances, such as</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html">Anabolic steroids</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/clubdrugs.html">Club drugs</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cocaine.html">Cocaine</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html">Heroin</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalants.html">Inhalants</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/marijuana.html">Marijuana</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/methamphetamine.html">Methamphetamines</a></li> </ul> <li>Misusing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html">prescription medicines</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioids</a>. This means taking the medicines in a different way than the health care provider prescribed. This includes</li> <ul> <li>Taking a medicine that was prescribed for someone else</li> <li>Taking a larger dose than you are supposed to</li> <li>Using the medicine in a different way than you are supposed to. For example, instead of swallowing your tablets, you might crush and then snort or inject them.</li> <li>Using the medicine for another purpose, such as getting high</li> </ul> <li>Misusing over-the-counter medicines, including using them for another purpose and using them in a different way than you are supposed to</li> </ul> <p>Drug use is dangerous. It can harm your brain and body, sometimes permanently. It can hurt the people around you, including friends, families, kids, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">unborn babies</a>. Drug use can also lead to addiction.</p> <h3>What is drug addiction?</h3> <p>Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease. It causes a person to take drugs repeatedly, despite the harm they cause. Repeated drug use can change the brain and lead to addiction.</p> <p>The brain changes from addiction can be lasting, so drug addiction is considered a "relapsing" disease. This means that people in recovery are at risk for taking drugs again, even after years of not taking them.</p> <h3>Does everyone who takes drugs become addicted?</h3> <p>Not everyone who uses drugs becomes addicted. Everyone's bodies and brains are different, so their reactions to drugs can also be different. Some people may become addicted quickly, or it may happen over time. Other people never become addicted. Whether or not someone becomes addicted depends on many factors. They include genetic, environmental, and developmental factors.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for drug addiction?</h3> <p>Various risk factors can make you more likely to become addicted to drugs, including:</p><ul> <li><strong>Your biology.</strong> People can react to drugs differently. Some people like the feeling the first time they try a drug and want more. Others hate how it feels and never try it again.</li> <li><strong>Mental health problems.</strong> People who have untreated <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental health problems</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html">attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder</a> (ADHD) are more likely to become addicted. This can happen because drug use and mental health problems affect the same parts of the brain. Also, people with these problems may use drugs to try to feel better.</li> <li><strong>Trouble at home.</strong> If your home is an unhappy place or was when you were growing up, you might be more likely to have a drug problem.</li> <li><strong>Trouble in school, at work, or with making friends.</strong> You might use drugs to get your mind off these problems.</li> <li><strong>Hanging around other people who use drugs.</strong> They might encourage you to try drugs.</li> <li><strong>Starting drug use when you're young.</strong> When kids use drugs, it affects how their bodies and brains finish growing. This increases your chances of becoming addicted when you're an adult.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the signs that someone has a drug problem?</h3> <p>Signs that someone has a drug problem include:</p><ul> <li>Changing friends a lot</li> <li>Spending a lot of time alone</li> <li>Losing interest in favorite things</li> <li>Not taking care of themselves - for example, not taking showers, changing clothes, or brushing their teeth</li> <li>Being really tired and sad</li> <li>Eating more or eating less than usual</li> <li>Being very energetic, talking fast, or saying things that don't make sense</li> <li>Being in a bad mood</li> <li>Quickly changing between feeling bad and feeling good</li> <li>Sleeping at strange hours</li> <li>Missing important appointments</li> <li>Having problems at work or at school</li> <li>Having problems in personal or family relationships</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for drug addiction?</h3> <p>Treatments for drug addiction include counseling, medicines, or both. Research shows that combining medicines with counseling gives most people the best chance of success.</p> <p>The counseling may be individual, family, and/or group therapy. It can help you:</p><ul> <li>Understand why you got addicted</li> <li>See how drugs changed your behavior</li> <li>Learn how to deal with your problems so you won't go back to using drugs</li> <li>Learn to avoid places, people, and situations where you might be tempted to use drugs</li> </ul> <p>Medicines can help with the symptoms of withdrawal. For addiction to certain drugs, there are also medicines that can help you re-establish normal brain function and decrease your cravings.</p> <p>If you have a mental disorder along with an addiction, it is known as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dualdiagnosis.html">dual diagnosis</a>. It is important to treat both problems. This will increase your chance of success.</p> <p>If you have a severe addiction, you may need hospital-based or residential treatment. Residential treatment programs combine housing and treatment services.</p> <h3>Can drug use and addiction be prevented?</h3> <p>Drug use and addiction are preventable. Prevention programs involving families, schools, communities, and the media may prevent or reduce drug use and addiction. These programs include education and outreach to help people understand the risks of drug use.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse</p> Substance Use and Disorders Consumo de drogas y la adicción Drug Misuse Substance-Related Disorders Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute on Drug Abuse Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Anabolic Steroids Club Drugs Cocaine Drugs and Young People Heroin Inhalants Marijuana Methamphetamine Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Prescription Drug Misuse Smoking Drug abuse Hallucinogens Substance use Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Find an Expert Drug Enforcement Administration Images Drug Enforcement Administration Images Drug Enforcement Administration Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues Drug Enforcement Administration Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Specifics National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Treatments and Therapies Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Reference Desk National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Find an Expert Partnership to End Addiction Specifics National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Related Issues National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Health Check Tools Department of Veterans Affairs Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Older Adults National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Women National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Treatments and Therapies Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Specifics National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH <h3>What is drug use?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">Drug use</a>, or misuse, includes:</p><ul> <li>Using illegal substances, such as <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html">Anabolic steroids</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/clubdrugs.html">Club drugs</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cocaine.html">Cocaine</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html">Heroin</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalants.html">Inhalants</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/marijuana.html">Marijuana</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/methamphetamine.html">Methamphetamines</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Misusing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html">prescription medicines</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioids</a>. This means taking the medicines in a different way than the health care provider prescribed. This includes</li> <ul> <li>Taking a medicine that was prescribed for someone else</li> <li>Taking a larger dose than you are supposed to</li> <li>Using the medicine in a different way than you are supposed to. For example, instead of swallowing your tablets, you might crush and then snort or inject them.</li> <li>Using the medicine for another purpose, such as getting high</li> </ul> <li>Misusing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html">over-the-counter medicines</a>, including using them for another purpose and using them in a different way than you are supposed to.</li> </ul> <h3>Why are drugs especially dangerous for young people?</h3> <p>Young people's brains are growing and developing until they are their mid-20's. This is especially true of the prefrontal cortex, which is used to make decisions. Taking drugs when young can interfere with developmental processes occurring in the brain. It can also affect their decision-making. They may be more likely to do risky things, such as unsafe sex and dangerous driving.</p> <p>The earlier young people start using drugs, the greater their chances of continuing to use them and become addicted later in life.Taking drugs when you are young can contribute to the development of adult health problems, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">sleep disorders</a>.</p> <h3>Which drugs most commonly used by young people?</h3> <p>The drugs that are most commonly used by young people are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html">alcohol</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">tobacco</a>, and marijuana. Recently, more young people have started <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html">vaping</a> tobacco and marijuana. There is still a lot we don't know about the dangers of vaping. Some people have unexpectedly gotten very ill or have even died after vaping. Because of this, young people should stay away from vaping.</p> <h3>Why do young people take drugs?</h3> <p>There are many different reasons why a young person may take drugs, including:</p><ul> <li><strong>To fit in.</strong> Young people may do drugs because they want to be accepted by friends or peers who are doing drugs.</li> <li><strong>To feel good.</strong> Abused drugs can produce feelings of pleasure.</li> <li><strong>To feel better.</strong> Some young people suffer from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>-related disorders, and physical pain. They may do drugs to try to get some relief.</li> <li><strong>To do better in academics or sports.</strong> Some young people may take stimulants for studying or anabolic steroids to improve their athletic performance.</li> <li><strong>To experiment.</strong> Young people often want to try new experiences, especially ones that they think are thrilling or daring.</li> </ul> <h3>Which young people are at risk for drug use?</h3> <p>Different factors may raise a young person's risk for drug use, including:</p><ul> <li>Stressful early life experiences, such <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html">child abuse</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html">child sexual abuse</a>, and other forms of trauma</li> <li>Genetics</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">Prenatal exposure</a> to alcohol or other drugs</li> <li>Lack of parental supervision or monitoring</li> <li>Having peers and/or friends who use drugs</li> </ul> <h3>What are the signs that a young person has a drug problem?</h3> <ul> <li>Changing friends a lot</li> <li>Spending a lot of time alone</li> <li>Losing interest in favorite things</li> <li>Not taking care of themselves - for example, not taking showers, changing clothes, or brushing their teeth</li> <li>Being really tired and sad</li> <li>Eating more or eating less than usual</li> <li>Being very energetic, talking fast, or saying things that don't make sense</li> <li>Being in a bad mood</li> <li>Quickly changing between feeling bad and feeling good</li> <li>Missing important appointments</li> <li>Having problems at school - missing class, getting bad grades</li> <li>Having problems in personal or family relationships</li> <li>Lying and stealing</li> <li>Memory lapses, poor concentration, lack of coordination, slurred speech, etc.</li> </ul> <h3>Can drug use in young people be prevented?</h3> <p>Drug use and addiction are preventable. Prevention programs involving families, schools, communities, and the media may prevent or reduce drug use and addiction. These programs include education and outreach to help people understand the risks of drug use.</p> <p>You can help prevent your children from using drugs through:</p><ul> <li>Good communication with your children</li> <li>Encouragement, so your children can build confidence and a strong sense of self. It also helps parents promote cooperation and reduce conflict.</li> <li>Teaching your children problem-solving skills</li> <li>Setting limits, to teach your children self-control and responsibility, provide safe boundaries, and show them that you care</li> <li>Supervision, which helps parents recognize developing problems, promote safety, and stay involved</li> <li>Knowing your children's friends</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse</p> Children and Teenagers Substance Use and Disorders Drogas y menores de edad Substance-Related Disorders Spanish National Institute on Drug Abuse Club Drugs Cocaine Cold and Cough Medicines Inhalants Marijuana Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Prescription Drug Misuse Smoking and Youth Underage Drinking Substance use Teen Drug Abuse NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert Drug Enforcement Administration Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Related Issues Drug Enforcement Administration Teenagers National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Find an Expert Partnership to End Addiction Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests Partnership to End Addiction Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Infographic Treatments and Therapies Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Xerostomia <h3>What is saliva?</h3> <p>Saliva, or spit, is made by your salivary glands. It helps keep you and your mouth healthy. For example:</p> <ul> <li>It moistens and breaks down the foods you eat, which makes it easier for you to chew and swallow.</li> <li>It washes away small food pieces from your teeth and gums, which helps fight against <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html">tooth decay</a>.</li> <li>It contains minerals such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a> and phosphate, which can also help fight tooth decay.</li> <li>It contains antibodies that can fight against infections of the mouth and throat. Antibodies are proteins that your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> makes to fight foreign substances such as viruses and bacteria.</li> </ul> <h3>What is dry mouth?</h3> <p>Having dry mouth, also called xerostomia, means that you don't have enough saliva to keep your mouth wet. Everyone has a dry mouth once in a while, like when you are nervous or stressed. But if you have a dry mouth all or most of the time, it can be uncomfortable. It can make chewing, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">swallowing</a>, and even talking difficult. It also raises your risk for tooth decay or infections in the mouth.</p> <h3>What causes dry mouth?</h3> <p>There are many possible causes of dry mouth, including:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">Side effects of certain medicines</a></strong>, such as some medicines for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html">high blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">depression</a>, and bladder-control issues</li> <li><strong>Diseases</strong> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sjogrenssyndrome.html">Sjogren's syndrome</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglanddisorders.html">salivary gland disorders</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a>,</strong> which can damage your salivary glands if they are exposed to radiation during the treatment</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a>,</strong> which can make your saliva thicker and cause your mouth to feel dry</li> <li><strong>Nerve damage,</strong> when it involves the nerves that tell salivary glands to make saliva</li> <li><strong>Breathing through your mouth</strong></li> <li><strong>Use of alcohol, tobacco, or other substances</strong></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of dry mouth?</h3> <p>The symptoms of dry mouth may include:</p> <ul> <li>A sticky, dry feeling in your mouth</li> <li>Trouble chewing, swallowing, tasting, or speaking</li> <li>A burning feeling in your mouth</li> <li>A dry feeling in your throat</li> <li>Cracked lips</li> <li>A dry, rough tongue</li> <li>Mouth sores</li> <li>An infection in your mouth</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html">Bad breath</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is the cause of dry mouth diagnosed?</h3> <p>If you have dry mouth, it's important to find out the cause. To do that, your health care provider or dentist will review your medical history, examine your mouth, and ask about any medicines you take. They may also suggest blood tests or a test that measures how much saliva you produce.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for dry mouth?</h3> <p>Treatment for dry mouth depends on the cause. For example, if a medicine is causing dry mouth, your provider or dentist may suggest adjusting the dosage or switching medicines. In some cases, they might give you artificial saliva or a medicine to help your salivary glands work better.</p> <p>There are also several things you can do to help relieve your symptoms:</p> <ul> <li>Drink plenty of water</li> <li>Avoid drinks with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">caffeine</a>, which can dry out your mouth</li> <li>Chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy to stimulate saliva flow</li> <li>Avoid spicy or salty foods because they can cause pain if your mouth is dry</li> <li>Avoid alcohol and tobacco</li> <li>Using a humidifier at night</li> <li>Use a mouthwash made for dry mouth</li> </ul> <p>Since dry mouth can raise your risk of tooth decay, it's important to brush and floss your teeth regularly and see your dentist at least twice a year.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</p> Mouth and Teeth Boca seca Xerostomia Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Hmong Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Mouth Disorders Salivary Gland Disorders Sjogren's Syndrome Xerostomia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Patient Handouts National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF NIH Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH <h3>What is dual diagnosis?</h3> <p>If you have a dual diagnosis, that means that you have both a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental disorder</a> and a substance use disorder (SUD), either with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">alcohol</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">drugs</a>. A dual diagnosis is a type of comorbidity, which is when someone has two disorders at the same time. Another name for this is co-occurring disorders.</p> <p>Mental and substance use disorders often occur together. Many people who develop SUDs are also diagnosed with mental disorders. And the reverse is true; many people with mental disorders will develop an SUD. Having both types of disorders is even more common in teenagers, people with serious mental illness, and people with certain mental disorders.</p> <h3>Why do substance use disorders and mental disorders occur together?</h3> <p>Although these problems often occur together, this does not mean that one caused the other, even if one appeared first. In fact, it can be hard to figure out which came first. Researchers think that there are three possible reasons as to why they often occur together:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Common risk factors can contribute to both mental disorders and SUDs.</strong> These factors include: <ul> <li>Genetics.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">Stress</a>.</li> <li>Trauma, especially in childhood. Veterans with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">post-traumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD) are also at risk for SUDs</li> </ul> </li><li><strong>Mental disorders can contribute to drug use and SUDs.</strong> For example, people with mental disorders may use drugs or alcohol to try to feel better temporarily. This is known as self-medication. Also, mental disorders may change the brain to make it more likely that you will become addicted.</li> <li><strong>Substance use and addiction can contribute to the development of a mental disorder.</strong> Substance use may change the brain in ways that make you more likely to develop a mental disorder.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for dual diagnosis?</h3> <p>If you have a dual diagnosis, it is usually better to treat both conditions at the same time rather than separately. You and your health care provider can work on a treatment plan that fits your needs.The plan should take into account your age, which substance(s) you are misusing, and which specific mental disorder(s) you have. The plan may include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Behavioral therapy,</strong> such as talk therapy (psychotherapy), long-term residential treatment (which combines housing and treatment services), and therapies to help you stay motivated to stick with your treatment plan.</li> <li><strong>Medicines.</strong> There are effective medicines that treat <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html">opioid</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html">alcohol</a>, and nicotine addiction. There are also medicines that can lessen the symptoms of many mental disorders. Some medicines may treat more than one disorder.</li> <li><strong>A referral to a support group.</strong> Support groups can give you emotional and social support. They are also a place where people can share tips about how to deal with day-to-day challenges.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse</p> Mental Health and Behavior Substance Use and Disorders Diagnóstico doble Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) Spanish National Institute on Drug Abuse Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Learn More Mental Health America Learn More Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Journal Articles Learn More Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Learn More National Institute of Mental Health NIH Learn More NAMI Little person <p>People with dwarfism have short stature. This means that their height is under 4' 10" as an adult. They are usually of normal intelligence. Dwarfism most often does happen in families where both parents are of average height.</p> <p>More than 300 different conditions can cause dwarfism. Achondroplasia is the most common type of dwarfism. Achondroplasia is a genetic condition that affects about 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 40,000 people. It makes your arms and legs short in comparison to your head and trunk. You may also have a larger head and weak muscle tone. Other genetic conditions, kidney disease, and problems with metabolism or hormones can also cause dwarfism.</p> <p>The conditions that cause dwarfism can also cause other health problems. Most of them are treatable. It is important to have regular checkups throughout your life. With proper medical care, most people with dwarfism have active lives and live as long as other people.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Genetics/Birth Defects Endocrine System Enanismo Dwarfism Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Growth Disorders Achondroplasia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Dystonia is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html">movement disorder</a> that causes involuntary contractions of your muscles. These contractions result in twisting and repetitive movements. Sometimes they are painful.</p> <p>Dystonia can affect just one muscle, a group of muscles or all of your muscles. Symptoms can include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tremor.html">tremors</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/voicedisorders.html">voice problems</a> or a dragging foot. Symptoms often start in childhood. They can also start in the late teens or early adulthood. Some cases worsen over time. Others are mild.</p> <p>Some people inherit dystonia. Others have it because of another disease. Researchers think that dystonia may be due to a problem in the part of the brain that handles messages about muscle contractions. There is no cure. Doctors use medicines, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/botox.html">Botox</a> injections, surgery, physical therapy, and other treatments to reduce or eliminate muscle spasms and pain.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Distonía Dystonia Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Movement Disorders Spasmodic Torticollis Torticollis Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Living With Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Living With Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Office of Disability Employment Policy Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Dystonia Medical Research Foundation PDF Specifics Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH E-Cigs Electronic Cigarettes Personal Vaporizer <p>E-cigarettes, or electronic cigarettes, are battery-operated smoking devices. They often look like cigarettes, but work differently. Using an e-cigarette is called vaping. The user puffs on the mouthpiece of a cartridge. This causes a vaporizer to heat the liquid inside the cartridge. The liquid contains nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. The heated liquid turns into the vapor that is inhaled.</p> <p>Some people think that e-cigarettes are safer than cigarettes, and that they can be used to help people quit smoking. But not much is known about the health risks of using them, or whether they do help people quit smoking. However we do know about some dangers of e-cigarettes:</p> <ul> <li>They contain nicotine, which is addictive</li> <li>They contain other potentially harmful chemicals</li> <li>There is a link between e-cigarette use and tobacco cigarette use in teens</li> <li>The liquid in e-cigarettes can cause nicotine poisoning if someone drinks, sniffs, or touches it </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse</p> Substance Use and Disorders Lungs and Breathing Cigarrillo electrónico Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Spanish National Institute on Drug Abuse Vaping Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Learn More Food and Drug Administration Journal Articles Learn More National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Learn More National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Learn More Nemours Foundation Escherichia coli <p>E. coli is the name of a type of bacteria that lives in your intestines. Most types of E. coli are harmless. However, some types can make you sick and cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>. One type causes travelers' diarrhea. The worst type of E. coli causes bloody diarrhea, and can sometimes cause kidney failure and even death. These problems are most likely to occur in children and in adults with weak immune systems. </p> <p>You can get E. coli infections by eating foods containing the bacteria. Symptoms of infection include:</p><ul> <li>Nausea or vomiting</li> <li>Severe abdominal cramps</li> <li>Watery or very bloody diarrhea</li> <li>Fatigue</li> <li>Fever</li> </ul> <p>To help avoid <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">food poisoning</a> and prevent infection, handle <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html">food safely</a>. Cook meat well, wash fruits and vegetables before eating or cooking them, and avoid unpasteurized milk and juices. You can also get the infection by swallowing water in a swimming pool contaminated with human waste.</p> <p>Most cases of E. coli infection get better without treatment in 5 to 10 days.</p> Infections Infecciones por Escherichia coli Escherichia coli Infections Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Bacterial Infections Diarrhea Food Safety Foodborne Illness Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Start Here Patient Handouts Department of Health and Human Services PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles <p>Your ear has three main parts: outer, middle and inner. You use all of them in hearing. Sound waves come in through your outer ear. They reach your middle ear, where they make your eardrum vibrate. The vibrations are transmitted through three tiny bones, called ossicles, in your middle ear. The vibrations travel to your inner ear, a snail-shaped organ. The inner ear makes the nerve impulses that are sent to the brain. Your brain recognizes them as sounds. The inner ear also controls balance.</p> <p>A variety of conditions may affect your hearing or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html">balance</a>:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html">Ear infections</a> are the most common illness in infants and young children.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tinnitus.html">Tinnitus</a>, a roaring in your ears, can be the result of loud noises, medicines or a variety of other causes.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menieresdisease.html">Meniere's disease</a> may be the result of fluid problems in your inner ear; its symptoms include tinnitus and dizziness.</li> <li>Ear <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/barotrauma.html">barotrauma</a> is an injury to your ear because of changes in barometric (air) or water pressure.</li> </ul> <p>Some ear disorders can result in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">hearing disorders and deafness</a>.</p> Ear, Nose and Throat Enfermedades del oído Ear Diseases Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Acoustic Neuroma Barotrauma Ear Infections Hearing Disorders and Deafness Meniere's Disease Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Reference Desk National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Children Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Video Otitis media <p>Ear infections are the most common reason parents bring their child to a doctor. Three out of four children will have at least one ear infection by their third birthday. Adults can also get ear infections, but they are less common.</p> <p>The infection usually affects the middle ear and is called otitis media. The tubes inside the ears become clogged with fluid and mucus. This can affect hearing, because sound cannot get through all that fluid.</p> <p>If your child isn't old enough to say "My ear hurts," here are a few things to look for:</p><ul> <li>Tugging at ears</li> <li>Crying more than usual</li> <li>Fluid draining from the ear</li> <li>Trouble sleeping</li> <li>Balance difficulties</li> <li>Hearing problems</li> </ul> <p>Your health care provider will diagnose an ear infection by looking inside the ear with an instrument called an otoscope.</p> <p>Often, ear infections go away on their own. Your health care provider may recommend pain relievers. Severe infections and infections in young babies may require antibiotics. </p> <p>Children who get infections often may need surgery to place small tubes inside their ears. The tubes relieve pressure in the ears so that the child can hear again.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders </p> Children and Teenagers Ear, Nose and Throat Infecciones de los oídos Otitis Media Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Otitis Media Swimmer's Ear Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Pediatrics Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Video Children Nemours Foundation Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Vestibular Disorders Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Video Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Reference Desk National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Video <p>An earthquake happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. Earthquakes strike suddenly, violently, and without warning at any time of the day or night. If an earthquake occurs in a populated area, it may cause property damage, injuries, and even deaths. If you live in a coastal area, there is the possibility of a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tsunamis.html">tsunami</a>. Damage from earthquakes can also lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html">floods</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wildfires.html">fires</a>.</p> <p>Although there are no guarantees of safety during an earthquake, you can take actions to protect yourself. You should have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">disaster plan</a>. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html">ways to cope</a>.</p> <p class="">Federal Emergency Management Agency</p> Disasters Terremotos Earthquakes Spanish Natural Disasters Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More U.S. Geological Survey Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Federal Emergency Management Agency Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Anorexia nervosa Binge eating Bulimia <h3>What are eating disorders?</h3> <p>Eating disorders are serious mental health disorders. They involve severe problems with your thoughts about food and your eating behaviors. You may eat much less or much more than you need.</p> <p>Eating disorders are medical conditions; they are not a lifestyle choice. They affect your body's ability to get proper nutrition. This can lead to health issues, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney</a> problems, or sometimes even death. But there are treatments that can help.</p> <h3>What are the types of eating disorders?</h3> <p>Common types of eating disorders include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Binge-eating</strong>, which is out-of-control eating. People with binge-eating disorder keep eating even after they are full. They often eat until they feel very uncomfortable. Afterward, they usually have feelings of guilt, shame, and distress. Eating too much too often can lead to weight gain and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>. Binge-eating disorder is the most common eating disorder in the U.S.</li> <li><strong>Bulimia nervosa.</strong> People with bulimia nervosa also have periods of binge-eating. But afterwards, they purge, by making themselves throw up or using laxatives. They may also over-exercise or fast. People with bulimia nervosa may be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight.</li> <li><strong>Anorexia nervosa.</strong> People with anorexia nervosa avoid food, severely restrict food, or eat very small quantities of only certain foods. They may see themselves as overweight, even when they are dangerously underweight. Anorexia nervosa is the least common of the three eating disorders, but it is often the most serious. It has the highest death rate of any mental disorder.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes eating disorders?</h3> <p>The exact cause of eating disorders is unknown. Researchers believe that eating disorders are caused by a complex interaction of factors. These include genetic, biological, behavioral, psychological, and social factors.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for eating disorders?</h3> <p>Anyone can develop an eating disorder, but they are more common in women. Eating disorders frequently appear during the teen years or young adulthood. But people can also develop them during childhood or later in life.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of eating disorders?</h3> <p>The symptoms of eating disorders vary, depending on the disorder:</p> <p>The symptoms of <strong>binge-eating</strong> include:</p><ul> <li>Eating unusually large amounts of food in a specific amount of time, such as a 2-hour period</li> <li>Eating even when you're full or not hungry</li> <li>Eating fast during binge episodes</li> <li>Eating until you're uncomfortably full</li> <li>Eating alone or in secret to avoid embarrassment</li> <li>Feeling distressed, ashamed, or guilty about your eating</li> <li>Frequently dieting, possibly without weight loss</li> </ul> <p>The symptoms of <strong>bulimia nervosa</strong> include the same symptoms as binge-eating, plus trying to get rid of the food or weight after binging by:</p><ul> <li>Purging, making yourself throw up or using laxatives or enemas to speed up the movement of food through your body</li> <li>Doing intensive and excessive exercise</li> <li>Fasting</li> </ul> <p>Over time, bulimia nervosa can cause health problems such as:</p><ul> <li>Chronically inflamed and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html">sore throat</a></li> <li>Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area</li> <li>Worn tooth enamel and increasingly sensitive and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html">decaying teeth</a>. This is caused by the exposure to stomach acid every time you throw up.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">GERD</a> (acid reflux) and other gastrointestinal problems</li> <li>Severe dehydration from purging</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">Electrolyte imbalance</a>, which could be too low or too high levels of sodium, calcium, potassium and other minerals. This can lead to a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>.</li> </ul> <p>The symptoms of <strong>anorexia nervosa</strong> include:</p><ul> <li>Eating very little, to the point of starving yourself</li> <li>Intensive and excessive exercise</li> <li>Extreme thinness</li> <li>Intense fear of gaining weight</li> <li>Distorted body image - seeing yourself as overweight even when you are severely underweight</li> </ul> <p>Over time, anorexia nervosa can cause health problems such as:</p><ul> <li>Thinning of the bones (osteopenia or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>)</li> <li>Mild <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a></li> <li>Muscle wasting and weakness</li> <li>Thin, brittle hair and nails</li> <li>Dry, blotchy, or yellowish skin</li> <li>Growth of fine hair all over the body</li> <li>Severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">constipation</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html">Low blood pressure</a></li> <li>Slowed breathing and pulse</li> <li>Feeling cold all the time because of a drop in internal body temperature</li> <li>Feeling faint, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">dizzy</a>, or weak</li> <li>Feeling tired all the time</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html">Infertility</a></li> <li>Damage to the structure and function of the heart</li> <li>Brain damage</li> <li>Multiorgan failure</li> </ul> <p>Anorexia nervosa can be fatal. Some people with this disorder die of complications from starvation, and others die of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html">suicide</a>.</p> <p>Some people with eating disorders may also have other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental disorders</a> (such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>) or problems with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">substance use</a>.</p> <h3>How is eating disorders diagnosed?</h3> <p>Because eating disorders can be so serious, it is important to seek help if you or a loved one thinks that you might have a problem. Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms. It is important to be honest about your eating and exercise behaviors so your provider can help you.</li> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>Blood or urine tests to rule out other possible causes of your symptoms</li> <li>Other tests to see whether you have any other health problems caused by the eating disorder. These can include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">kidney function tests</a> and an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/">electrocardiogram</a> (EKG or ECG).</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for eating disorders?</h3> <p>Treatment plans for eating disorders are tailored to individual needs. You will likely have a team of providers helping you, including doctors, nutritionists, nurses, and therapists. The treatments may include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Individual, group, and/or family psychotherapy.</strong> Individual therapy may include cognitive behavioral approaches, which help you to identify and change negative and unhelpful thoughts. It also helps you build coping skills and change behavioral patterns.</li> <li><strong>Medical care and monitoring,</strong> including care for the complications that eating disorders can cause</li> <li><strong>Nutrition counseling.</strong> Doctors, nurses, and counselors will help you eat healthy to reach and maintain a healthy weight.</li> <li><strong>Medicines,</strong> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">antidepressants</a>, antipsychotics, or mood stabilizers, may help treat some eating disorders. The medicines can also help with the depression and anxiety symptoms that often go along with eating disorders.</li> </ul> <p>Some people with serious eating disorders may need to be in a hospital or in a residential treatment program. Residential treatment programs combine housing and treatment services.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health</p> Mental Health and Behavior Food and Nutrition Trastornos de la alimentación Feeding and Eating Disorders Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Weight Control Anorexia Nervosa Binge Eating Bulimia Pica Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here NAMI Specifics National Eating Disorders Association Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Mental Health PDF NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Eating Disorders Association Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Ebola disease Ebola hemorrhagic fever Ebola virus disease <h3>What is Ebola?</h3> <p>Ebola, also known as Ebola virus disease (EVD), is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicfevers.html">hemorrhagic fever</a>. It is a rare and often deadly disease. It can be caused by several different types of Ebola viruses. There are occasional outbreaks of Ebola, and they mostly occur in Africa.</p> <h3>How does Ebola spread?</h3> <p>Researchers believe that the virus first spreads from an infected animal to a human. Ebola can then spread from human to human through direct contact with:</p> <ul> <li>Blood or body fluids of a person who is sick with or has died from Ebola.</li> <li>Objects (such as clothes, bedding, needles, and medical equipment) contaminated with body fluids from a person who is sick with or has died from Ebola.</li> <li>Semen (through oral, vaginal, or anal sex) from a man who has recovered from Ebola. The virus can remain in semen and other body fluids, even if the person no longer has symptoms.</li> </ul> <p>When people become infected with Ebola, they do not start developing signs or symptoms right away. They cannot spread Ebola to others until after they develop symptoms.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of Ebola?</h3> <p>The symptoms of Ebola may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after exposure to the virus. The average is about 8 to 10 days. The symptoms usually include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> <li>Joint and muscle aches</li> <li>Weakness and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a></li> <li>Sore throat</li> <li>Gastrointestinal symptoms including <a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061">abdominal (belly) pain</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">vomiting</a></li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> <li>Unexplained <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html">bleeding</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html">bruising</a></li> </ul> <p>Other symptoms may include a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rash</a>, red eyes, and hiccups.</p> <h3>How is Ebola diagnosed?</h3> <p>The early symptoms of Ebola are similar to other more common diseases. This makes it difficult to diagnose Ebola in someone who has been infected for only a few days. If a person has the symptoms of Ebola and may have been exposed to the virus, the health care provider can do a blood test for Ebola. It can take a few days after the symptoms start before Ebola shows up in the blood test.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for Ebola?</h3> <p>In the United States, there are two approved medicines to treat Ebola that is caused by one specific type of virus (<em>Zaire ebolavirus</em>). These medicines have not been evaluated to treat Ebola caused by other types of Ebola viruses. The medicines are monoclonal antibodies, which are immune system proteins that are created in the lab.</p> <p>Whether or not there are medicines to treat a case of Ebola, there is supportive care. This type of care can improve the chances of survival, especially when given early. Supportive care includes:</p> <ul> <li>Giving <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">fluids and electrolytes</a></li> <li>Giving medicines to support blood pressure, reduce vomiting and diarrhea, and to manage fever and pain</li> <li>Giving oxygen</li> <li>Treating any other complications or infections</li> </ul> <p>People who recover may still have side effects afterwards, such as fatigue, muscle aches, eye and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">vision problems</a>, and stomach pain.</p> <h3>Can Ebola be prevented?</h3> <p>In the United States, there is one vaccine that has been approved to prevent Ebola caused by one specific type of Ebola virus (<em>Zaire ebolavirus</em>). It may be given to health care providers who will be or may be treating Ebola patients and people who work with live Ebola virus in labs.</p> <p>If you live in or plan to travel to a region where Ebola virus may be present, you can help protect yourself by avoiding contact with:</p> <ul> <li>Blood and body fluids of people who are sick</li> <li>Semen from a man who has recovered from Ebola, until testing shows that the virus is gone from his semen</li> <li>Items that could be contaminated with blood or body fluids from someone who has Ebola</li> <li>Bats, forest antelopes, and nonhuman primates (such as monkeys and chimpanzees), including their blood, fluids, or meat</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Ebola Ebolavirus Ebola Vaccines Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola Spanish Turkish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Hemorrhagic Fevers Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here World Health Organization Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Enfermedad por el virus del Ebola <h3>¿Qué es el ébola?</h3> <p>El ébola, también conocido como enfermedad por el virus del Ébola, es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicfevers.html">fiebre hemorrágica</a>. Es una enfermedad rara y, a menudo, mortal. Puede ser causado por varios tipos diferentes de virus del Ébola. Hay brotes ocasionales de ébola, y la mayoría ocurren en África.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se propaga el ébola?</h3> <p>Los investigadores creen que el virus se transmite primero de un animal infectado a un ser humano. El ébola puede propagarse de persona a persona a través del contacto directo con:</p> <ul> <li>Sangre o fluidos corporales de una persona enferma o que haya muerto a causa del ébola</li> <li>Objetos (como ropa, ropa de cama, agujas y equipo médico) contaminados con fluidos corporales de una persona enferma o que haya muerto a causa del ébola</li> <li>Semen (a través de sexo oral, vaginal o anal) de un hombre que se haya recuperado del ébola. El virus puede permanecer en el semen y otros fluidos corporales, incluso si la persona ya no tiene síntomas</li> </ul> <p>Cuando las personas se infectan con ébola, los signos o síntomas de la afección no aparecen de inmediato. El ébola no se puede contagiar a otros hasta después de aparecer los síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del ébola?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del ébola pueden aparecer entre 2 y 21 días después de la exposición al virus. El promedio es de unos 8 a 10 días. En general, los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li>Dolores articulares y musculares</li> <li>Debilidad y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">fatiga</a></li> <li>Dolor de garganta</li> <li>Síntomas gastrointestinales que incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">dolor abdominal</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">vómitos</a></li> <li>Pérdida de apetito</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html">Sangrado</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html">moretones</a> inexplicables</li> </ul> <p>Otros síntomas pueden incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">sarpullido</a>, ojos rojos e hipo.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el ébola?</h3> <p>Los primeros síntomas del ébola son similares a los de otras enfermedades más comunes. Esto hace difícil diagnosticarlo en alguien que ha estado infectado solo unos días. Si una persona tiene síntomas del ébola y puede haber estado expuesta al virus, el profesional de la salud puede realizar un análisis de sangre para detectarlo. Pueden pasar algunos días después del comienzo de los síntomas antes de que el ébola aparezca en la prueba de sangre.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el ébola?</h3> <p>En los Estados Unidos, hay dos medicamentos aprobados para tratar el ébola causado por un tipo específico de virus (<em>cepa de ebolavirus de Zaire</em>). Estos medicamentos no se han evaluado para tratar el ébola causado por otros tipos de virus. Los medicamentos son anticuerpos monoclonales, que son proteínas del sistema inmunitario que se crean en el laboratorio.</p> <p>Ya sea que haya o no medicamentos para tratar un caso de ébola, existe atención de apoyo. Este tipo de atención puede mejorar las posibilidades de supervivencia, especialmente cuando se trata temprano. La atención de apoyo incluye:</p> <ul> <li>Administrar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">líquidos y electrolitos</a></li> <li>Administrar medicamentos para mantener la presión arterial, reducir los vómitos y la diarrea, y controlar la fiebre y el dolor</li> <li>Dar oxígeno</li> <li>Tratar cualquier otra complicación o infección</li> </ul> <p>Las personas que se recuperan aún pueden tener efectos secundarios posteriores, como fatiga, dolores musculares, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">problemas de los ojos y de la visión</a> y dolor de estómago.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el ébola?</h3> <p>Hay una vacuna disponible en los Estados Unidos aprobada para prevenir el ébola causado por un tipo específico de virus del Ébola (<em>cepa de ebolavirus de Zaire</em>). Se puede administrar a proveedores de atención médica que tratan o pueden tratar a pacientes con ébola y personas que trabajan con virus de Ébola vivo en laboratorios.</p> <p>Si vive o planea viajar a una región donde el virus del Ébola puede estar presente, puede ayudar a protegerse evitando el contacto con:</p> <ul> <li>Sangre y fluidos corporales de personas enfermas</li> <li>Semen de un hombre que se recuperó del ébola, hasta que las pruebas muestren que el virus desapareció de su semen</li> <li>Objetos que podrían estar contaminados con sangre o fluidos corporales de alguien que tiene ébola</li> <li>Murciélagos, antílopes del bosque y primates no humanos (como monos y chimpancés), incluyendo sangre, fluidos o carne</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Ebola Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Fiebres hemorrágicas Enfermedad por el virus del Ebola Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Dermatitis <p>Eccema es un término que designa varios tipos distintos de hinchazón de la piel. También se llama dermatitis. La mayoría de los tipos causa sequedad y comezón en la piel, además de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">sarpullido</a> en la cara, al interior de los codos y detrás de las rodillas; y en las manos y los pies. Rascarse la piel puede enrojecerla, aumentando la hinchazón y picazón.</p> <p>El eccema no es contagioso. No se conoce la causa del eccema. Es probable que sea causada por factores genéticos y ambientales. El eccema puede mejorar o empeorar con el tiempo, pero a menudo es una enfermedad de larga duración. Las personas que la padecen también pueden desarrollar fiebre del heno y asma.</p> <p>El tipo más común de eccema es la dermatitis atópica. Es más común en los bebés y los niños, pero también puede afectar a los adultos. A medida que los niños con dermatitis atópica crecen, el problema puede mejorar o desaparecer. Pero a veces la piel puede permanecer seca e irritarse fácilmente.</p> <p>Los tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos, cremas para la piel, terapia de luz y un buen cuidado de la piel. Usted puede prevenir algunos tipos de eccema, evitando:</p> <ul> <li>Las cosas que irritan la piel, como ciertos jabones, telas y lociones</li> <li>El estrés</li> <li>Las cosas que le causan alergia, como ciertos alimentos, el polen y los animales</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Eczema Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Sarpullido Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Abdominal pregnancy Tubal pregnancy <p>The uterus, or womb, is the place where a baby grows when a woman is pregnant. If you have an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg grows in the wrong place, outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. The result is usually a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html">miscarriage</a>.</p> <p>Ectopic pregnancy can be a medical emergency if it ruptures. Signs of ectopic pregnancy include:</p><ul> <li>Abdominal pain</li> <li>Shoulder pain</li> <li>Vaginal bleeding</li> <li>Feeling dizzy or faint</li> </ul> <p>Get medical care right away if you have these signs. Doctors use drugs or surgery to remove the ectopic tissue so it doesn't damage your organs. Many women who have had ectopic pregnancies go on to have healthy pregnancies later.</p> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Embarazo ectópico Pregnancy, Ectopic Spanish Miscarriage Abdominal Pregnancy Cervical Pregnancy Tubal Pregnancy Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Dermatitis <p>Eczema is a term for several different types of skin swelling. Eczema is also called dermatitis. Most types cause dry, itchy skin and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rashes</a> on the face, inside the elbows and behind the knees, and on the hands and feet. Scratching the skin can cause it to turn red, and to swell and itch even more.</p> <p>Eczema is not contagious. The cause of eczema is unknown. It is likely caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Eczema may get better or worse over time, but it is often a long-lasting disease. People who have it may also develop hay fever and asthma.</p> <p>The most common type of eczema is atopic dermatitis. It is most common in babies and children, but adults can have it too. As children who have atopic dermatitis grow older, this problem may get better or go away. But sometimes the skin may stay dry and get irritated easily.</p> <p>Treatments may include medicines, skin creams, light therapy, and good skin care. You can prevent some types of eczema by avoiding:</p><ul> <li>Things that irritate your skin, such as certain soaps, fabrics, and lotions</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">Stress</a></li> <li>Things you are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">allergic</a> to, such as food, pollen, and animals</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Eccema Eczema Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Korean Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Rashes Atopic Dermatitis Dermatitis Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children American Academy of Pediatrics Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Children VisualDX Children VisualDX Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Dermatology Test Your Knowledge American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Dropsy <p>Edema means swelling caused by fluid in your body's tissues. It usually occurs in the feet, ankles and legs, but it can involve your entire body.</p> <p>Causes of edema include:</p><ul> <li>Eating too much salt</li> <li>Sunburn</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">Kidney disease</a></li> <li>Liver problems from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html">cirrhosis</a></li> <li>Pregnancy</li> <li>Problems with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphedema.html">lymph nodes</a>, especially after <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mastectomy.html">mastectomy</a></li> <li>Some medicines</li> <li>Standing or walking a lot when the weather is warm</li> </ul> <p>To keep swelling down, your health care provider may recommend keeping your legs raised when sitting, wearing support stockings, limiting how much salt you eat, or taking a medicine called a diuretic - also called a water pill. </p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Symptoms Edema Edema Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Lymphatic Diseases Dropsy Swelling Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Video Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Hinchazón <p>Edema significa hinchazón causada por la acumulación de líquido en los tejidos del cuerpo. Suele ocurrir en los pies, los tobillos y las piernas, pero puede afectar todo el cuerpo. </p> <p>Las causas de edema incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Consumir demasiada sal </li> <li>Quemaduras de sol </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Insuficiencia cardíaca</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">Enfermedades de los riñones</a> </li> <li> Problemas hepáticos por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html">cirrosis</a> </li> <li> Embarazo </li> <li> Problemas con los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html">ganglios linfáticos</a>, especialmente después de una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mastectomy.html">mastectomía</a> </li> <li>Algunas medicinas </li> <li> Permanecer mucho tiempo de pie o sentado cuando hace calor </li> </ul> <p>Para disminuir el edema, el médico puede recomendarle mantener sus piernas elevadas cuando se siente, usar medias elásticas, limitar el consumo de sal o tomar medicamentos llamados diuréticos.</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Síntomas Edema Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Enfermedades del sistema linfático Hinchazón Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Cutis elastica EDS <p>Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of inherited disorders that weaken <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/connectivetissuedisorders.html">connective tissues</a>. Connective tissues are proteins that support skin, bones, blood vessels, and other organs. </p> <p>EDS usually affects your skin, joints and blood vessel walls. Symptoms include:</p><ul> <li> Loose joints </li> <li> Fragile, small blood vessels </li> <li> Abnormal scar formation and wound healing </li> <li> Soft, velvety, stretchy skin that bruises easily </li> </ul> <p>There are several types of EDS. They can range from mild to life-threatening. About 1 in 5,000 people has EDS. There is no cure. Treatment involves managing symptoms, often with medicines and physical therapy. It also includes learning how to protect your joints and prevent injuries.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Genetics/Birth Defects Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Hypermobility Syndrome Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Marfan Foundation PDF Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Society of Genetic Counselors Journal Articles <p>Al igual que los adultos, los niños necesitan hacer ejercicio. La mayoría de los niños <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">necesita por lo menos una hora de actividad física</a> todos los días. El ejercicio habitual <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html">ofrece muchos beneficios</a> para los niños. Puede ayudar a:</p> <ul> <li> Sentirse menos estresados </li> <li> Sentirse mejor con ellos mismos </li> <li> Estar más preparados para aprender en la escuela </li> <li> Mantener un peso saludable </li> <li> Desarrollar y mantener huesos, músculos y articulaciones sanos </li> <li> Dormir mejor por las noches </li> </ul> <p>A medida que los niños pasan más tiempo viendo la televisión, le dedican menos tiempo a correr y jugar. Los padres de familia deben limitarles el tiempo frente a la televisión, los videojuegos y la computadora. Los padres de familia deben poner un buen ejemplo siendo activos también. Ejercitarse juntos puede ser divertido para todos. Los deportes de competencia pueden ayudar a que los niños tengan una buena condición física. Caminar o ir en bicicleta a la escuela, bailar, jugar a los bolos y practicar yoga son otras formas de ejercicio para los niños.</p> Niños y adolescentes Bienestar y estilo de vida Aptitud física y ejercicio Exercise for Children Ejercicio y estado físico Entrenamiento para deportes y ejercicio Chicos, Ejercicio para Niños, Ejercicio para Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>El ejercicio y la actividad física benefician a casi todas las personas, incluidos los adultos mayores. Hay cuatro tipos principales y cada uno es diferente. Practicar todos ellos le entregará más <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html">beneficios</a>.:</p><ul> <li> Las actividades de resistencia, o aeróbicas, aumentan la respiración y la frecuencia cardíaca. Algunos ejemplos son las caminatas o correr, bailar, nadar y andar en bicicleta </li> <li> Los ejercicios de fuerza fortalecen los músculos. Levantar pesas o usar bandas elásticas puede fortalecerle </li> <li> Los ejercicios de equilibrio ayudan a prevenir caídas </li> <li>Los ejercicios de flexibilidad estiran los músculos y pueden ayudar a que su cuerpo permanezca relajado</li> </ul> <p>Si usted no ha estado activo, puede comenzar lentamente y trabajar hasta su meta. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">cantidad de ejercicio</a> que necesita depende de su edad y salud. Consulte a su médico sobre lo que es mejor para usted.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento </p> Personas mayores Bienestar y estilo de vida Aptitud física y ejercicio Exercise for Older Adults Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Ejercicio y estado físico Entrenamiento para deportes y ejercicio Salud de las personas mayores Condición física Personas mayores, Ejercicio para Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Mantenerse en forma <p>El ejercicio regular es una de las mejores cosas que puede hacer por su salud. Tiene muchos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html">beneficios</a>, incluyendo mejorar su salud general y aptitud física, y bajar su riesgo de muchas enfermedades crónicas. Hay muchos tipos diferentes de ejercicio. Es importante que elija los tipos adecuados para usted. La mayoría de las personas se benefician de una combinación de ellos:</p> <ul> <li><b>Actividades aeróbicas:</b> Aumentan la respiración y la frecuencia cardíaca. Mantienen el corazón, los pulmones y el sistema circulatorio sanos y mejoran su condición física general. Ejemplos incluyen caminar a paso ligero, trotar, nadar y andar en bicicleta</li> <li><b>Actividad de fuerza:</b> Estos ejercicios fortalecen sus músculos. Algunos ejemplos son el levantamiento de pesas y el uso de banda elásticas</li> <li><b>Ejercicios de equilibrio:</b> Estos pueden hacer más fácil caminar sobre superficies irregulares y ayudar a prevenir caídas. Para mejorar su equilibrio, pruebe el tai chi o ejercicios como estar de pie en una pierna</li> <li><b>Ejercicios de flexibilidad:</b> Estiran los músculos y pueden ayudar a que su cuerpo permanezca relajado. El yoga y hacer estiramientos puede hacer que sea más flexible</li> </ul> <p>Incluir el ejercicio regular a su día a día puede parecer difícil al principio. Pero usted puede comenzar lentamente y dividir su tiempo de ejercicio en bloques. Incluso hacer 10 minutos a la vez está bien. Usted puede avanzar de a poco hasta hacer la cantidad de ejercicio recomendada. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">cantidad de ejercicio que necesita</a> depende de su edad y salud.</p> <p>Otras cosas que usted puede hacer para sacar el máximo provecho de sus entrenamientos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Elegir actividades que trabajan todas las partes del cuerpo, incluyendo sus músculos centrales (músculos alrededor de su tronco y pelvis). La fortaleza de sus músculos centrales mejora el equilibrio y la estabilidad y ayuda a prevenir lesiones en la parte baja de la espalda</li> <li>Elegir las actividades que disfruta. Es más fácil que el ejercicio sea una parte regular de su vida si se divierte haciéndolo</li> <li>Ejercitarse con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html">seguridad</a> y con el equipo apropiado para prevenir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">lesiones</a>. Además, ponga atención a su cuerpo y no exagere</li> <li>Póngase metas. Las metas deben desafiarle, pero también ser realistas. También es útil recompensarse cuando las alcance. Las recompensas podrían ser algo grande, como nuevo equipo de entrenamiento, o algo más pequeño, como entradas al cine</li> </ul> Bienestar y estilo de vida Aptitud física y ejercicio Exercise and Physical Fitness Ejercicio para niños Ejercicio para personas mayores Entrenamiento para deportes y ejercicio Condición física Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud Spanish/Español NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud Spanish/Español NIH <p>Your elbow joint is made up of bone, cartilage, ligaments and fluid. Muscles and tendons help the elbow joint move. When any of these structures is hurt or diseased, you have elbow problems.</p> <p> Many things can make your elbow hurt. A common cause is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html">tendinitis</a>, an inflammation or injury to the tendons that attach muscle to bone. Tendinitis of the elbow is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">sports injury</a>, often from playing tennis or golf. You may also get tendinitis from overuse of the elbow.</p> <p> Other causes of elbow pain include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">sprains and strains</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fractures</a> (broken bones), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html">dislocations</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bursitis.html">bursitis</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">arthritis</a>. Treatment depends on the cause.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades del codo Elbow Injuries Tennis Elbow Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Hand Injuries and Disorders Wrist Injuries and Disorders Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Tennis Elbow Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation <p>Many older people are victims of elder abuse. It is the mistreatment of an older person, usually by a caregiver. It can happen within the family. It can also happen in assisted living facilities or nursing homes.</p> <p>The mistreatment may be:</p><ul> <li>Physical, sexual, or emotional abuse</li> <li>Neglect or abandonment</li> <li>Financial abuse - stealing of money or belongings</li> </ul> <p>Possible signs of elder abuse include unexplained bruises, burns, and injuries. There may also be bed sores and poor hygiene. The person may become withdrawn, agitated, and depressed. There may be a sudden change in the person's financial situation.</p> <p>Elder abuse will not stop on its own. Someone else needs to step in and help. If you think that an older person is in urgent danger, call 911. Otherwise, contact adult protective services.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Older Adults Injuries and Wounds Social/Family Issues Abuso de las personas mayores Elder Abuse Spanish National Institute on Aging Intimate Partner Violence Abuse Violence Statistics and Research National Institute on Aging NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here Department of Justice Start Here American Psychological Association Find an Expert National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here AGS Health in Aging Foundation Journal Articles Elección de un médico <p>Todos queremos recibir un servicio para el cuidado de la salud que sea de alta calidad, pero es difícil saber cómo elegir el plan de atención médica. Existen muchas cosas en las que deberá pensar, entre ellas:</p> <ul> <li> La cobertura del seguro </li> <li> Si el profesional y el plan de atención médica están acreditados </li> <li>La ubicación del servicio </li> <li> El horario en el que el servicio se encuentra disponible </li> <li> Si le agrada la personalidad del profesional de la atención médica </li> </ul> <p>En esta página, encontrará información que lo ayudará a elegir un profesional o un plan de atención médica.</p> Sistemas de salud Asuntos personales de salud Choosing a Doctor or Health Care Service Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Centros de salud Seguridad del paciente Doctor, Elección Médico, Elección Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Electric shock Electrical burn <p>When you come in direct contact with electricity, it can pass through your body and cause injuries. These electrical injuries can be external or internal. You may have one or both types. External injuries are skin <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html">burns</a>. Internal injuries include damage to your organs, bones, muscles, and nerves. You could also have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">abnormal heart rhythms</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html">sudden cardiac arrest</a> (SCA).</p> <p>How bad your injuries are depends on how strong the electric current was, what type of current it was, how it moved through your body, and how long you were exposed. Other factors include how healthy you are, and how quickly you get treatment.</p> <p>Causes of electrical injuries include:</p><ul> <li>Lightning strikes</li> <li>Faulty electrical appliances</li> <li>Work-related exposures</li> <li>Contact with household wiring or power lines</li> <li>Accidents in small children, when they bite or suck on electrical cords, or stick objects in outlets</li> </ul> <p>If you get an electrical injury, you should see a doctor. You may have internal damage and not realize it.</p> Injuries and Wounds Lesiones por electricidad Burns, Electric Electric Injuries Spanish Lightning Strikes Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Consumer Product Safety Commission PDF Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Merck & Co., Inc. Learn More National Weather Service Journal Articles Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention EMFs <p>Electric and magnetic fields (EMFs), also called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html">radiation</a>, are areas of energy that surround electrical devices. Everyday sources of EMFs include:</p><ul> <li>Power lines</li> <li>Electrical wiring</li> <li>Microwave ovens</li> <li>Computers</li> <li>Cell phones</li> </ul> <p>Some people worry about EMF exposure and cancer. Some studies have found a link between EMF exposure and a higher risk of childhood leukemia, but other studies have not. Other studies have not found proof that EMF exposure causes other childhood cancers. Studies in adults did not prove that EMF exposure causes cancer.</p> <p>Some people worry that cell (wireless) phones cause cancer or other health problems. The phones do give off radiofrequency energy (RF), a form of electromagnetic radiation. So far, scientific evidence has not found a link between cell phone use and health problems in humans. However, scientists need to do more research on this before they can say for sure. If you are worried about avoiding any possible risks, you can limit your exposure by:</p><ul> <li>Reducing the amount of time you spend using your cell phone</li> <li>Use speaker mode or a headset to place more distance between your head and the cell phone</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Campos electromagnéticos Electromagnetic Fields Spanish National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Cell Phones EMF Specifics American Cancer Society Specifics Food and Drug Administration PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Food and Drug Administration Start Here National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert World Health Organization Specifics Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Journal Articles Statistics and Research Food and Drug Administration Children National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH <p>¡Así que va a tener un bebé! Puede ser un bello momento, pero también un poco intimidante. Puede que tenga muchas preguntas, incluyendo cómo brindarle a su bebé un comienzo saludable a su vida. Para mantenerse usted y su bebé sanos, es importante que usted:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Visite periódicamente a su proveedor de salud</strong>: Estas visitas para su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html">cuidado prenatal</a> ayudan a que usted y su bebé estén sanos. Si hay algún problema, su proveedor puede encontrarlos en forma rápida. Obtener tratamiento de inmediato puede curar muchos problemas, y prevenir otros</li> <li><strong>Coma sano y tome suficiente agua</strong>: Una buena <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html">nutrición durante el embarazo</a> incluye consumir bastantes:</li> <ul> <li>Frutas</li> <li>Vegetales</li> <li>Granos integrales</li> <li>Carnes magras y otras proteínas</li> <li>Productos lácteos bajos en grasa</li> </ul> <li><strong>Tome vitaminas prenatales</strong>: Durante el embarazo se necesitan cantidades más altas de ciertas vitaminas y minerales, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html">ácido fólico</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html">hierro</a></li> <li><strong>Tenga cuidado con las medicinas</strong>: Siempre consulte con su proveedor de salud antes de empezar o parar algún <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html">medicamento</a>. Esto incluye medicinas de venta libre o suplementos dietéticos</li> <li><strong>Haga ejercicio</strong>: La actividad física le ayudará a mantenerse en forma, sentirse y dormir bien. Hable con su proveedor de salud sobre qué tipo de actividad física es la correcta para usted</li> <li><strong>Evite <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html">sustancias que pueden dañar a su bebé</a></strong>: Esto incluye el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">alcohol, drogas o el tabaco</a></li> </ul> <p>Su cuerpo cambiará a medida que su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">bebé crece</a>. Puede ser difícil saber cuándo un nuevo síntoma es algo normal o puede ser señal de algún <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">problema</a>. Hable con su médico si usted cree que existe un problema o algo le molesta o le preocupa.</p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Pregnancy Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Control de la natalidad y contracepción Cuidado prenatal Diabetes y el embarazo Embarazo de adolescentes Embarazo ectópico Embarazo y consumo de sustancias Infecciones durante el embarazo Medicinas durante el embarazo Nutrición durante el embarazo Parto Presión arterial alta en el embarazo Problemas de salud durante el embarazo Problemas durante el parto Pruebas prenatales Pérdida del embarazo Riesgos para el sistema reproductivo Salud y desarrollo fetal Tumores durante el embarazo VIH y el embarazo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Infografía Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Información de referencia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>La mayoría de las adolescentes no planea <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazarse</a>, pero muchas lo hacen. Los embarazos en la adolescencia tienen riesgos adicionales de salud tanto para la madre como para el bebé. Con frecuencia, las adolescentes no reciben cuidados prenatales a tiempo, lo que puede provocar problemas posteriores. Tienen mayor riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">hipertensión arterial</a> y sus complicaciones. Los riesgos para el bebé incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html">partos prematuros</a> y niños con poco peso al nacer. </p> <p>Si eres adolescente y estás embarazada, puedes ayudarte y ayudar a tu bebé si:</p> <ul> <li>Obtienes cuidado durante el embarazo en forma regular</li> <li> Tomas las vitaminas prenatales para tu salud y para prevenir algunos defectos congénitos</li> <li>Evitas el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">cigarrillo, el alcohol y las drogas</a></li> <li>Usas un condón, en caso de que continúes teniendo relaciones sexuales, para prevenir infecciones de transmisión sexual que podrían dañar a tu bebé. Si eres o tu pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al látex</a>, puedes usar condones de poliuretano </li> </ul> Niños y adolescentes Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Teenage Pregnancy Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Control de la natalidad y contracepción Cuidado prenatal Embarazo Problemas de salud durante el embarazo Salud sexual del adolescente Adolescente, Embarazo del Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Embarazo abdominal Embarazo cervical Embarazo tubérico <p>El útero, o matriz, es el órgano donde el feto crece cuando una mujer esta embarazada. Si usted tiene un embarazo ectópico, el óvulo fertilizado crece en un lugar equivocado, fuera del útero, generalmente en las trompas de Falopio. Esto, suele resultar en un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abortion.html">aborto espontáneo</a>.</p> <p>Un embarazo ectópico puede ser una emergencia médica si se desgarra. Los avisos de un embarazo ectópico incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor abdominal</li> <li>Dolor en los hombros</li> <li>Sangrado vaginal</li> <li>Mareo y vértigo</li> </ul> <p>Busque atención médica de inmediato si se presentan estos indicios. Los doctores usan medicamentos o cirugía para extirpar tejido ectópico y, así, no dañar otros órganos. Muchas mujeres que tienen un embarazo ectópico, tendrán embarazos saludables más adelante. </p> <p class="">Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.</p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Ectopic Pregnancy Pérdida del embarazo Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Abuso de sustancias durante el embarazo Consumo de drogas y el embarazo <p>Durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazo</a>, hay muchas cosas que puede hacer para mantenerse usted y su bebé saludable. Éstas incluyen recibir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html">atención prenatal</a> regular, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html">comer sano</a> y mantenerse activa. Pero también es muy importante evitar sustancias que puedan ser dañinas para usted y su bebé, como el tabaco, el alcohol y las drogas.</p> <h3>Tabaco</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a> durante el embarazo expone a su bebé a la nicotina, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html">monóxido de carbono</a> y muchas otras sustancias químicas dañinas. La nicotina no solo es un peligro para su salud, sino que también puede dañar el cerebro y los pulmones de su bebé en desarrollo. El monóxido de carbono puede impedir que el feto obtenga suficiente oxígeno.</p> <p>Si fuma durante el embarazo, aumenta el riesgo de que su bebé nazca <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html">demasiado pequeño</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html">demasiado temprano</a> o con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">defectos de nacimiento.</a> Durante el primer año de vida, existe un mayor riesgo de que su bebé muera por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html">síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante</a> (SMSL). Y más adelante en la vida, es más probable que su hijo tenga problemas de salud, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">asma</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a>.</p> <p>Otros productos de tabaco, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html">cigarrillos electrónicos</a>, también contienen nicotina y no son seguros para usar durante el embarazo. Y algunos de los saborizantes que se usan en los cigarrillos electrónicos pueden ser dañinos para los bebés en desarrollo.</p> <p>También se recomienda evitar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">humo de segunda mano</a>, el que posee algunos de los mismos riesgos que fumar durante el embarazo.</p> <h3>Alcohol</h3> <p>No existe una cantidad conocida de alcohol que sea segura para beber durante el embarazo y mientras intenta quedar embarazada. Todos los tipos de alcohol son igualmente dañinos, incluyendo todas las variedades de vinos y la cerveza. Los riesgos de beber durante el embarazo incluyen problemas con el crecimiento del bebé en desarrollo y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html">trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal</a>. Esta es una afección de por vida que puede causar una combinación de problemas físicos, de comportamiento y del aprendizaje.</p> <h3>Drogas ilegales</h3> <p>El uso de drogas ilegales durante el embarazo, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cocaine.html">cocaína</a>, las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html">metanfetamina</a> y las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/clubdrugs.html">drogas de club</a>, puede provocar problemas tanto a usted como a su bebé. Pueden causar bebés con bajo peso al nacer, defectos de nacimiento o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html">aborto espontáneo</a>. Es más probable que su hijo tenga discapacidades del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html">aprendizaje</a> y del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html">desarrollo</a>. Y si se inyecta drogas, corre el riesgo de contraer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a>. El VIH puede <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html">transmitirse a su bebé durante el embarazo.</a></p> <h3>Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html">uso indebido de medicamentos recetados</a> también puede ser dañino. El uso indebido puede incluir tomar más de la dosis recetada o tomarla con mayor frecuencia, usarla para drogarse o tomar los medicamentos de otra persona. Los posibles efectos del uso indebido de un medicamento durante el embarazo dependen del medicamento que esté mal utilizando.</p> <h3>Opioides</h3> <p>Un tipo de sustancia que es motivo de preocupación durante el embarazo son los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioides</a>. Los opioides incluyen fuertes analgésicos recetados como oxicodona, hidrocodona, fentanilo y tramadol. La droga ilegal heroína también es un opioide. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandopioids.html">Tomar opioides durante el embarazo</a> puede causarle problemas a usted y a su bebé. Los riesgos incluyen defectos de nacimiento, parto prematuro, pérdida del bebé y síndrome de abstinencia neonatal. Este síndrome causa síntomas de abstinencia en los recién nacidos.</p> <p>Si tiene dolor y su profesional de la salud le sugiere tomar opioides recetados durante el embarazo, primero converse sobre los riesgos y beneficios con el proveedor. Luego, si ambos deciden que necesita tomar los opioides, pueden trabajar juntos para tratar de minimizar los riesgos.</p> <h3>Cannabis (marihuana)</h3> <p>El cannabis (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marijuana.html">marihuana</a>) es otra droga que podría ser dañina para su bebé. Algunas investigaciones muestran que el consumo de cannabis durante el embarazo está relacionado con problemas de desarrollo en niños y adolescentes. Aunque se necesita más investigación, lo más seguro es dejar de usarlo si está embarazada. Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de EE. UU. recomiendan que las personas eviten consumir cannabis durante el embarazo.</p> <h3>Obtenga ayuda</h3> <p>Si está embarazada y consume alguna de estas sustancias, hable con su profesional de la salud. Juntos, usted y su proveedor pueden encontrar el tratamiento adecuado para ayudarle a dejar las sustancias.</p> <p>Si está tomando opioides o es adicta a las drogas, no deje de tomarlos repentinamente. Esto puede ser peligroso para usted y el bebé. En su lugar, hable con su profesional de la salud para obtener ayuda para dejar las sustancias de manera segura.</p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Pregnancy and Substance Use Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Problemas de salud durante el embarazo Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal Abuso de bebidas alcohólicas durante el embarazo Alcohol durante el embarazo, Abuso de Drogas, Abuso durante el embarazo Fumar durante el embarazo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Hombres Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Embarazo y el uso de opiáceos <p>Usted puede tener que tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html">medicamentos durante el embarazo</a>. Pero no todos los medicamentos son seguros. Muchas medicinas pueden ser riesgosas para usted, su bebé o ambos. Los opioides, especialmente su mal uso, pueden causarle problemas a usted y a su bebé mientras está embarazada.</p> <h3>¿Qué son los opioides?</h3> <p>Los opioides, a veces llamados narcóticos, son un tipo de medicamento. Incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> fuertes recetados como la oxicodona, hidrocodona, fentanilo y tramadol. También es un opioide la heroína, una droga ilegal.</p> <p>Un profesional de la salud puede recetarle un opioide para el dolor tras sufrir una lesión importante o después de una cirugía. Puede recibirlos si tiene dolor severo debido a enfermedades como el cáncer. Algunos proveedores de atención médica los recetan para el dolor crónico.</p> <p>En general, los opioides recetados para aliviar el dolor son seguros cuando se toman por un tiempo breve y según lo recetado por su profesional de la salud. Sin embargo, quienes los toman están riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">trastorno por consumo de opioides</a> y una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidoverdose.html">sobredosis</a>. Estos riesgos aumentan cuando hay un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html">uso indebido</a> de los opioides. El uso indebido puede incluir tomar más de la dosis recetada o tomarla más seguido, usarla para drogarse o tomar los opioides de otra persona.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los riesgos de tomar opioides durante el embarazo?</h3> <p>Tomar opioides durante el embarazo puede causarle problemas a usted y a su bebé. Los posibles riesgos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Síndrome de abstinencia neonatal: Los síntomas de abstinencia son irritabilidad, convulsiones, vómitos, diarrea, fiebre y mala alimentación en recién nacidos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html">Defectos del tubo neural</a>: Defectos congénitos del cerebro, la columna vertebral o la médula espinal</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">Defectos cardíacos congénitos</a>: Problemas con la estructura del corazón del bebé</li> <li>Gastrosquisis: Defecto congénito del abdomen del bebé en el cual los intestinos salen al exterior del cuerpo por un orificio al lado del ombligo</li> <li>Pérdida del bebé: Ya sea por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html">aborto espontáneo</a> (antes de las 20 semanas de embarazo) o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stillbirth.html">parto de feto muerto</a> (después de 20 o más semanas)</li> <li>Parto prematuro: Parto antes de completar las 37 semanas de embarazo</li> <li>Retraso del crecimiento que conduce a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html">bajo peso al nacer</a></li> <li>Problemas con la placenta (el órgano que brinda oxígeno y nutrientes al bebé)</li> </ul> <p>Si su profesional de la salud sugiere que tome opioides durante el embarazo, primero debe tomar en cuenta los riesgos y beneficios. Luego, si ambos deciden que debe tomar opioides, deben trabajar juntos para tratar de minimizar los riesgos. Algunas formas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Tomarlos por el menor tiempo posible</li> <li>Tomar la dosis más baja posible</li> <li>Seguir cuidadosamente las instrucciones de su proveedor para tomarlos </li> <li>Decirle a su proveedor si tiene efectos secundarios</li> <li>Ir a todas sus citas de seguimiento</li> </ul> <h3>Si ya tomo opioides y estoy embarazada, ¿qué debo hacer?</h3> <p>Si ha estado tomando opioides y queda embarazada, hable con su proveedor de atención médica. Pero no deje de tomarlos por su cuenta. Si deja de tomarlos en forma repentina, usted o su bebé podría tener graves problemas de salud. En algunos casos, parar los medicamentos repentinamente durante el embarazo puede ser más dañino que tomarlos.</p> <h3>¿Puedo amamantar mientras tomo opioides?</h3> <p>Si toma regularmente medicamentos opioides, es posible que pueda amamantar. Depende del medicamento que esté tomando. Pero no debe amamantar si tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivinwomen.html">VIH</a> o consume drogas ilegales. Consulte con su profesional de la salud antes de amamantar.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es el tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de opioides en el embarazo?</h3> <p>Si está embarazada y tiene trastorno por consumo de opioides, no deje de tomarlos repentinamente. En su lugar, consulte a su profesional de la salud para obtener ayuda. El tratamiento principal para el trastorno se conoce como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html">medicamentos para el trastorno por consumo de opioides</a>. Para este tratamiento, durante el embarazo los profesionales de la salud recetan buprenorfina o metadona. Estos medicamentos pueden reducir los deseos de consumir droga y ayudar a prevenir la abstinencia.</p> <p>La consejería, incluyendo terapias conductuales, también puede ayudar a cambiar actitudes y comportamientos relacionados con el uso de drogas y desarrollar habilidades para una vida saludable.</p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Pregnancy and Opioids Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Embarazo y consumo de sustancias Medicinas durante el embarazo Opioides y trastorno por consumo de opioides Uso seguro de opioides Opioides y embarazo Más información Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Más información Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Embolismo pulmonar <h3>¿Qué es una embolia pulmonar?</h3> <p>Una embolia pulmonar es un bloqueo súbito de una arteria pulmonar. Puede ocurrir después de que un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulo</a> se desprenda y viaje por el torrente sanguíneo hacia los pulmones. La embolia pulmonar es un cuadro serio que puede causar:</p> <ul> <li> Daño permanente en los pulmones </li> <li> Bajos niveles de oxígeno en la sangre </li> <li> Lesiones en otros órganos del cuerpo por no recibir suficiente oxígeno</li> </ul> <p>La embolia pulmonar puede ser potencialmente mortal, sobre todo si un coágulo es grande o si hay muchos coágulos.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa una embolia pulmonar?</h3> <p>La causa suele ser un coágulo de sangre que se desprende y viaja por el torrente sanguíneo a los pulmones. El coágulo suele ser una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/deepveinthrombosis.html">trombosis venosa profunda</a>, un coágulo en la pierna. En casos raros, burbujas de aire, fragmentos de grasa o partes de un tumor pueden bloquear la arteria pulmonar y causar embolia pulmonar.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener una embolia pulmonar?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener una embolia pulmonar, pero ciertas cosas pueden aumentar su riesgo de sufrirla:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cirugías</strong>: Especialmente cirugía de reemplazo articular</li> <li><strong>Afecciones médicas</strong>, incluyendo:</li> <ul> <li>Cáncer</li> <li>Enfermedades del corazón</li> <li>Enfermedades pulmonares</li> <li>Fractura de cadera o pierna o algún otro trauma</li> </ul> <li><strong>Medicamentos hormonales</strong>: Como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">píldoras anticonceptivas</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">terapia de reemplazo hormonal</a></li> <li><strong>Embarazo y parto</strong>: El riesgo es mayor unas seis semanas después del parto</li> <li><strong>No moverse por mucho tiempo</strong>: Estar en reposo en cama, tener un yeso o tomar un vuelo largo en avión puede aumentar el riesgo</li> <li><strong>Envejecimiento</strong>: Su riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece, especialmente después de los 40 años</li> <li><strong>Historia familiar y genética</strong>: Ciertos cambios genéticos que pueden aumentar su riesgo de coágulos de sangre y embolia pulmonar</li> <li><strong>Obesidad</strong></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de una embolia pulmonar?</h3> <p>Los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Falta de aliento</li> <li>Respiración rápida</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor o malestar de pecho</a> que en general empeora al toser o respirar profundamente</li> <li>Aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca</li> <li>Toser sangre</li> <li>Presión arterial muy baja, mareos o desmayo</li> </ul> <p>En ocasiones, las personas con embolia pulmonar no muestran síntomas hasta que presentan complicaciones graves, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryhypertension.html">hipertensión pulmonar</a> (presión arterial alta en las arterias de los pulmones).</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la embolia pulmonar?</h3> <p>Puede ser difícil diagnosticar la embolia pulmonar. Para saber si tiene una embolia pulmonar, su profesional de la salud va a:</p> <ul> <li>Tomar en cuenta su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas y factores de riesgo de embolia pulmonar</li> <li>Hacer un examen físico</li> <li>Realizar algunas pruebas, incluyendo varias pruebas de imagen y posiblemente algunas pruebas de sangre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para una embolia pulmonar?</h3> <p>Si tiene embolia pulmonar, necesita tratamiento médico de inmediato. El objetivo del tratamiento es romper los coágulos y evitar que se formen nuevos coágulos. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen medicamentos y procedimientos médicos.</p> <strong>Medicamentos</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Anticoagulantes</strong>: Evitan que los coágulos de sangre crezcan y evitan que se formen nuevos coágulos. Puede recibirlos como una inyección, una píldora o por vía intravenosa. Pueden causar sangrado, especialmente si está tomando otros medicamentos que también <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">adelgazan la sangre</a>, como la aspirina</li> <li><strong>Trombolíticos</strong>: Son medicamentos que disuelven los coágulos de sangre. Puede tomarlos si tiene coágulos grandes que causan síntomas graves u otras complicaciones serias. Los trombolíticos pueden causar sangrado repentino, por lo que se usan si su embolia pulmonar es grave y puede poner en peligro su vida</li> </ul> <strong>Procedimientos médicos</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Trombólisis con asistencia por catéter</strong>: Utiliza un tubo flexible para llegar a un coágulo de sangre en el pulmón. Su profesional de la salud puede insertar una herramienta en el tubo para romper el coágulo o para administrar el medicamento a través del tubo. Por lo general, se utiliza anestesia para este procedimiento</li> <li><strong>Filtro en la vena cava para personas que no pueden tomar anticoagulantes</strong>: Su proveedor de atención médica insertará un filtro al interior de una vena grande llamada vena cava. El filtro atrapa los coágulos de sangre antes de que lleguen a los pulmones, lo que evita la embolia pulmonar. Sin embargo, el filtro no previene la formación de nuevos coágulos de sangre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la embolia pulmonar?</h3> <p>La prevención de la formación de nuevos coágulos de sangre puede evitar la embolia pulmonar. La prevención puede incluir:</p> <ul> <li> Seguir tomando anticoagulantes: También es importante que se haga chequeos regulares con su profesional de la salud, para verificar que la dosis de sus medicamentos esté funcionando para prevenir la formación de coágulos de sangre, pero que a la vez no cause sangrado</li> <li>Cambios en el estilo de vida saludable para el corazón: Incluye una alimentación saludable para el corazón, ejercicio y, si fuma, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar el tabaco</a></li> <li>Usar medias de compresión para prevenir la trombosis venosa profunda</li> <li>Mover las piernas cuando está sentado por mucho tiempo (como en viajes largos)</li> <li>Moverse tan pronto sea posible después de una cirugía o estar postrado en una cama</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Pulmonary Embolism Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Problemas circulatorios Trombosis venosa profunda Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <h3>¿Qué tipo de problemas puede causar el clima invernal severo?</h3> <p>Las tormentas de invierno pueden traer frío extremo, lluvia helada, nieve, hielo y vientos fuertes. Mantenerse sano y seguro puede ser difícil. Es posible que tenga que hacer frente a problemas como:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas de salud relacionados con el frío, que incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/frostbite.html">congelamiento</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothermia.html">hipotermia</a></li> <li>Incendios en la casa y envenenamiento por monóxido de carbono de calentadores y chimeneas</li> <li>Condiciones poco seguras en carreteras heladas</li> <li>Fallas eléctricas y pérdida de comunicación</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html">Inundaciones</a> por el derretimiento de la nieve y el hielo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo prepararme para una emergencia invernal?</h3> <p>Si se avecina una tormenta de invierno, hay cosas que puede hacer para tratar de mantener su seguridad y la de sus seres queridos:</p> <ul> <li>Tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">plan de acción para desastres</a> que incluya:</li> <ul> <li>Asegurarse de tener números de teléfono importantes, incluso para sus proveedores de atención médica, farmacia y veterinario</li> <li>Tener un plan para comunicarse con su familia</li> <li>Saber cómo obtener información confiable durante la tormenta</li> </ul> <li>Preparar su hogar para evitar el frío con aislamiento, calafateado y sellado. Aprenda cómo evitar que las tuberías se congelen.</li> <li>Conseguir suministros en caso de que necesite quedarse en casa durante varios días sin electricidad</li> <li>Si planea usar su chimenea o estufa de leña para calefacción de emergencia, mande a inspeccionar su chimenea cada año</li> <li>Instale un detector de humo y un detector de monóxido de carbono que funcione con baterías</li> <li>Si tiene que viajar, asegúrese de tener un kit de emergencia para el automóvil con algunos suministros básicos, como:</li> <ul> <li>Un raspador de hielo</li> <li>Una pala</li> <li>Arena para gatos o arena para una mejor tracción de los neumáticos</li> <li>Agua y refrigerios</li> <li>Ropa abrigada</li> <li>Cables para puente</li> <li>Botiquín de primeros auxilios con los medicamentos necesarios y una navaja de bolsillo</li> <li>Una radio a pilas, una linterna y baterías adicionales</li> <li>Llamaradas (antorchas) de emergencia o señales de socorro</li> <li>Cerillas impermeables y una lata para derretir nieve para obtener agua</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Si experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Es posible que necesite ayuda para encontrar maneras de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html">enfrentarlo</a>.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Desastres Winter Weather Emergencies Desastres naturales Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Cruz Roja Americana Más información Spanish/Español Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Comisión de Seguridad de los Productos para el Consumidor Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional <p>La radiación es un tipo de energía. Las personas están <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html">expuestas</a> a pequeñas cantidades de radiación todos los días provenientes de fuentes tales como la luz del sol. Una emergencia por radiación implicaría cantidades mayores de radiación y podría ser consecuencia de:</p> <ul> <li>Bombas sucias: una mezcla de explosivos y polvo radiactivo</li> <li>Precipitaciones radiactivas de una bomba nuclear</li> <li>Liberación accidental de un reactor nuclear o una planta de armas nucleares</li> </ul> <p>Mucha radiación por un corto período de tiempo puede causar quemaduras o enfermedades por radiación. Si la exposición es lo suficientemente grande, puede causar envejecimiento prematuro o incluso la muerte.</p> <p>Aunque no existen garantías de seguridad durante una emergencia por radiación, puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">plan de acción para casos de desastres</a>. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si usted experimenta un desastre, es normal que se sienta estresado. Es posible que necesite ayuda para encontrar maneras de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html">enfrentarlo</a>.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Desastres Radiation Emergencies Desastres causados por el hombre Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental <p>Cuando un químico peligroso es liberado al ambiente, puede dañar la salud de las personas. La liberación de químicos puede ser un accidente. También puede ser planificado, como en el caso de un ataque terrorista con armas químicas.</p> <p>Algunos químicos peligrosos han sido desarrollados por organizaciones militares para su uso en la guerra. Algunos ejemplos son los agentes o gases nerviosos como el sarín y el VX. Muchos productos químicos peligrosos son usados en la industria, por ejemplo el cloro, amoníaco, y benceno. Algunos se pueden hacer de artículos de uso diario, tales como limpiadores para el hogar.</p> <p>Aunque no existen garantías de seguridad durante una emergencia química, puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">plan de acción para casos de desastres</a>. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si usted experimenta un desastre, es normal que se sienta estresado. Es posible que necesite ayuda para encontrar maneras de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html">enfrentarlo.</a></p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Desastres Chemical Emergencies Agentes químicos Armas químicas Desastres causados por el hombre Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades <p>If you get very sick or badly hurt and need help right away, you should use emergency medical services. These services use specially trained people and specially equipped facilities.</p> <p>You may need care in the hospital emergency room (ER). Doctors and nurses there treat emergencies, such as heart attacks and injuries. For some emergencies, you need help where you are. Emergency medical technicians, or EMTs, do specific rescue jobs. They answer emergency calls and give basic medical care. Some EMTs are paramedics - they have training to do medical procedures on site. They usually take you to the ER for more care.</p> <p>If you or someone you know needs emergency care, go to your hospital's emergency room. If you think the problem is life-threatening, call 911.</p> Health System Servicios de emergencias médicas Emergency Medical Services Spanish Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Rural Health Information Hub Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia <h3>What is emphysema?</h3> <p>Emphysema is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a> (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). COPD is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe and get worse over time. The other main type of COPD is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html">chronic bronchitis</a>. Most people with COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, but how severe each type is can be different from person to person.</p> <p>Emphysema affects the air sacs in your lungs. Normally, these sacs are elastic or stretchy. When you breathe in, each air sac fills up with air, like a small balloon. When you breathe out, the air sacs deflate, and the air goes out.</p> <p>In emphysema, the walls between many of the air sacs in the lungs are damaged. This causes the air sacs to lose their shape and become floppy. The damage also can destroy the walls of the air sacs, leading to fewer and larger air sacs instead of many tiny ones. This makes it harder for your lungs to move oxygen in and carbon dioxide out of your body.</p> <h3>What causes emphysema?</h3> <p>The cause of emphysema is usually long-term exposure to irritants that damage your lungs and the airways. In the United States, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">cigarette smoke</a> is the main cause. Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke can also cause emphysema, especially if you inhale them.</p> <p>Exposure to other inhaled irritants can contribute to emphysema. These include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">secondhand smoke</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html">air pollution</a>, and chemical fumes or dusts from the environment or workplace.</p> <p>Rarely, a genetic condition called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html">alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency</a> can play a role in causing emphysema.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for emphysema?</h3> <p>The risk factors for emphysema include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Smoking.</strong> This the main risk factor. Up to 75% of people who have emphysema smoke or used to smoke.</li> <li><strong>Long-term exposure to other lung irritants</strong>, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes and dusts from the environment or workplace.</li> <li><strong>Age.</strong> Most people who have emphysema are at least 40 years old when their symptoms begin.</li> <li><strong>Genetics.</strong> This includes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which is a genetic condition. Also, smokers who get emphysema are more likely to get it if they have a family history of COPD.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of emphysema?</h3> <p>At first, you may have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, your symptoms usually become more severe. They can include:</p><ul> <li>Frequent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">coughing</a> or wheezing</li> <li>A cough that produces a lot mucus</li> <li>Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity</li> <li>A whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe</li> <li>Tightness in your chest</li> </ul> <p>Some people with emphysema get frequent respiratory infections such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">colds</a> and the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a>. In severe cases, emphysema can cause weight loss, weakness in your lower muscles, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html">swelling</a> in your ankles, feet, or legs.</p> <h3>How is emphysema diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms</li> <li>A family history</li> <li>Other tests, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-function-tests/">lung function tests</a>, a chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a>, and blood tests</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for emphysema?</h3> <p>There is no cure for emphysema. However, treatments can help with symptoms, slow the progress of the disease, and improve your ability to stay active. There are also treatments to prevent or treat complications of the disease. Treatments include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Lifestyle changes</strong>, such as <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">Quitting smoking</a> if you are a smoker. This is the most important step you can take to treat emphysema.</li> <li>Avoiding secondhand smoke and places where you might breathe in other lung irritants</li> <li>Ask your health care provider for an eating plan that will meet your nutritional needs. Also ask about how much physical activity you can do. Physical activity can strengthen the muscles that help you breathe and improve your overall wellness.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medicines</strong>, such as <ul> <li>Bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier. Most bronchodilators are taken through an inhaler. In more severe cases, the inhaler may also contain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">steroids</a> to reduce inflammation.</li> <li>Vaccines for the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html">flu</a> and pneumococcal pneumonia, since people with emphysema are at higher risk for serious problems from these diseases</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">Antibiotics</a> if you get a bacterial or viral lung infection</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">Oxygen therapy</a></strong>, if you have severe emphysema and low levels of oxygen in your blood. Oxygen therapy can help you breathe better. You may need extra oxygen all the time or only at certain times.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">Pulmonary rehabilitation</a></strong>, which is a program that helps improve the well-being of people who have chronic breathing problems. It may include <ul> <li>An exercise program</li> <li>Disease management training</li> <li>Nutritional counseling</li> <li>Psychological counseling</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Surgery</strong>, usually as a last resort for people who have severe symptoms that have not gotten better with medicines. There are surgeries to <ul> <li>Remove damaged lung tissue</li> <li>Remove large air spaces (bullae) that can form when air sacs are destroyed. The bullae can interfere with breathing.</li> <li>Do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html">lung transplant</a>. This is might be an option if you have very severe emphysema.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>If you have emphysema, it's important to know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You should get emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. Call your health care provider if your symptoms are getting worse or if you have signs of an infection, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a>.</p> <h3>Can emphysema be prevented?</h3> <p>Since smoking causes most cases of emphysema, the best way to prevent it is to not smoke. It's also important to try to avoid lung irritants such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, and dusts.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Lungs and Breathing Enfisema Emphysema Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Chronic Bronchitis COPD Oxygen Therapy Pulmonary Rehabilitation Pulmonary Emphysema Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Lung Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Jewish Health Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Reference Desk American Lung Association Video Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Lung Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Lung Association Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies American Lung Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Las personas con enanismo tienen baja estatura. Esto significa que su altura es menor a 4'10" (cerca de 1.25 metro) como adulto. Usualmente tienen una inteligencia normal. El enanismo a menudo ocurre en familias donde ambos padres son de estatura promedio.</p> <p>Más de 300 afecciones diferentes pueden causar enanismo. La acondroplasia es el tipo más común de enanismo. Es un problema genético que afecta aproximadamente entre una en 15,000 a una en 40,000 personas. Hace que sus brazos y piernas sean cortos en comparación con su cabeza y tronco. También puede tener una cabeza más grande y un tono muscular débil. Otras afecciones genéticas, enfermedad renal y problemas con el metabolismo u hormonas también pueden causar enanismo.</p> <p>Las afecciones que causan enanismo también pueden causar otros problemas de salud. La mayoría de ellos son tratables. Es importante tener chequeos regulares a lo largo de su vida. Con la atención médica adecuada, la mayoría de las personas con enanismo tienen vidas activas y viven tanto como otras personas.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Genética y defectos congénitos Sistema endocrino Dwarfism Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Trastornos de crecimiento Acondroplasia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Inflamación del cerebro <h3>¿Qué es la encefalitis?</h3> <p>La encefalitis es una inflamación del cerebro. Puede ocurrir cuando una infección o un problema médico que afecta al cerebro activa el sistema inmunitario. La inflamación puede causar una amplia gama de síntomas. En casos extremos, puede provocar daño cerebral, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a> o incluso la muerte.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la encefalitis?</h3> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de encefalitis, dependiendo de la causa. Los dos tipos principales son la encefalitis infecciosa y la encefalitis autoinmune.</p> <p>La encefalitis infecciosa suele ser causada por un virus. De hecho, los virus son la causa más común de encefalitis. Algunos de los diferentes virus que la causan incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Virus del herpes, incluyendo el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html">herpes simple</a> (VHS), el virus de Epstein-Barr (que causa la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousmononucleosis.html">mononucleosis infecciosa</a>) y el virus varicela-zóster (que causa la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html">varicela</a>)</li> <li>Virus que puede contraer si lo pica una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tickbites.html">garrapata</a> infectada, como la encefalitis transmitida por garrapatas (virus TBE) y el virus Powassan. </li> <li>Virus que puede contraer si lo pica un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html">mosquito</a> infectado, como el virus de la encefalitis equina del este, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/westnilevirus.html">virus del Nilo Occidental</a> y el virus de La Crosse</li> <li>Enterovirus, un grupo común de virus que en su mayoría causan enfermedades leves o infecciones respiratorias. Estas infecciones suelen ocurrir en verano y otoño</li> </ul> <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">bacterias</a>, los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html">hongos</a> y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html">parásitos</a> también pueden causar encefalitis infecciosa, pero no es común.</p> <p>La <strong>encefalitis autoinmune</strong> ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario ataca por error a las células cerebrales sanas. Puede ser desencadenada por afecciones como ciertos tipos de cáncer, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html">tumores benignos</a> e infecciones. En ocasiones, no se conoce la causa.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener encefalitis?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener encefalitis, pero es más probable que la tenga si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene un sistema inmunitario débil, por ejemplo, por tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> o tomar ciertos medicamentos, como los que se toman después de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">trasplante de órganos</a>, ciertos medicamentos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a> y tratamientos especializados para ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">enfermedades autoinmunes</a></li> <li>Es un niño pequeño o una persona mayor</li> <li>Vive en áreas donde hay garrapatas y mosquitos que transmiten virus que pueden causar encefalitis</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la encefalitis?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la encefalitis pueden variar mucho, dependiendo de su gravedad. Muchas personas no presentan síntomas. Otras pueden tener síntomas leves parecidos a los de la gripe, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">fatiga</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">dolor de cabeza</a> o dolor corporal. Si la encefalitis se agrava, puede causar:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor de cabeza intenso</li> <li>Rigidez en el cuello</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vómitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">Convulsiones</a></li> <li>Cambios de conducta</li> <li>Somnolencia</li> <li>Debilidad muscular</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html">Parálisis</a> parcial en brazos y piernas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html">Coma</a></li> </ul> <p>La encefalitis puede ser peligrosa en los bebés. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Fiebre</li> <li>Letargo (debilidad o somnolencia)</li> <li>Mala alimentación</li> <li>Vómitos</li> <li>Rigidez corporal</li> <li>Irritabilidad o llanto inusual</li> <li>Fontanela (el punto blando en la parte superior de la cabeza) abultada o hinchada</li> </ul> <p>Si usted o su hijo tienen síntomas de encefalitis, es importante obtener atención médica de inmediato.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la encefalitis?</h3> <p>Para averiguar si tiene encefalitis, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Le realizará un examen físico</li> <li>Considerará su historia clínica, que incluye preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Puede realizar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/">examen neurológico</a></li> <li>Puede solicitar pruebas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">diagnóstico por imágenes</a>, como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a> del cerebro</li> <li>Puede solicitar un electroencefalograma, prueba que utiliza pequeños sensores eléctricos para medir la actividad cerebral</li> <li>Puede solicitar análisis de sangre y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/">líquido cefalorraquídeo</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la encefalitis?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas con encefalitis necesitarán tratamiento en el hospital. Dependiendo de la causa, los tratamientos pueden incluir antivirales, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a> y otros medicamentos.</p> <p>Para algunos tipos de encefalitis no existen medicamentos para tratarla. Pero el reposo, la nutrición y los líquidos pueden ayudar al cuerpo a combatir la infección y aliviar los síntomas. </p> <p>Algunas personas pueden necesitar fisioterapia, terapia del habla y terapia ocupacional una vez que la enfermedad esté bajo control. </p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la encefalitis?</h3> <p>Hay medidas que puede tomar para ayudar a prevenir la encefalitis causada por infecciones:</p> <ul> <li>Mantenga una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">buena higiene</a>, incluyendo lavarse las manos con agua y jabón frecuentemente</li> <li>No comparta alimentos, bebidas, utensilios y vasos con otras personas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html">Vacúnese</a> contra los virus que pueden causar encefalitis</li> <li>Evite las picaduras de mosquitos y garrapatas, por ejemplo: <ul> <li>Use repelente de insectos con DEET u otro repelente de insectos registrado por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los EE. UU. (EPA). Asegúrese de seguir las instrucciones del repelente</li> <li>Use ropa que cubra sus brazos, piernas y pies</li> <li>Antes de ingresar a áreas con pasto o bosque, aplique productos que contengan 0,5% de permetrina a su ropa y equipo</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Encephalitis Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Meningitis Virus del Nilo Occidental Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departmento de Salud de Minnesota PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Encefalomielitis miálgica Enfermedad sistémica de intolerancia al esfuerzo <h3>¿Qué es el síndrome de encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)?</h3> <p>La encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC) es una enfermedad grave y prolongada que afecta muchos sistemas del cuerpo. También se conoce como síndrome de fatiga crónica. A menudo, la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica puede impedirle realizar sus actividades habituales. A veces es posible que ni siquiera pueda levantarse de la cama.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)?</h3> <p>Los investigadores aún no saben qué causa la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica. Puede haber más de una posible causa. También puede que dos o más desencadenantes influyan juntos para causar la enfermedad.</p> <p>Los investigadores están estudiando muchas causas posibles, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Infecciones</li> <li>Cambios en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a></li> <li>Estrés físico o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">emocional</a></li> <li>Cambios en la forma en que las células del cuerpo obtienen su energía</li> <li>Genética: En ocasiones, la enfermedad puede ser hereditaria</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede contraer encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica, pero es más común en personas entre 40 y 60 años. Las mujeres adultas tienen más probabilidades de desarrollarla que los hombres adultos.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)?</h3> <p>Los síntomas primarios o centrales de EM/SFC son:</p> <ul> <li>No poder realizar actividades que hacía antes de la enfermedad, además de fatiga intensa. La fatiga debe durar seis meses o más y no mejora con el descanso</li> <li>Malestar post-esfuerzo: Significa que sus síntomas empeoran después de cualquier actividad física o mental</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html">Problemas para dormir</a></li> </ul> <p>Además de los síntomas principales, para ser diagnosticado con EM/SFC, es necesario tener uno o ambos de estos síntomas:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas con el pensamiento y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html">memoria</a></li> <li>Empeoramiento de los síntomas al estar de pie o sentado erguido. Esto se llama intolerancia ortostática. Puede hacer que se sienta aturdido, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">mareado</a>, débil o desmayarse al estar de pie o sentado</li> </ul> <p>Algunos de los otros síntomas que puede causar EM/SFC incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html">Dolor</a>, incluyendo dolor muscular, dolor en las articulaciones y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html">Dolor de garganta</a></li> <li>Sensibilidad en los ganglios (glándulas) linfáticos del cuello o las axilas</li> <li>Problemas digestivos, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html">síndrome del intestino irritable</a></li> <li>Escalofríos y sudores nocturnos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">Alergia</a> y sensibilidad a alimentos, olores, productos químicos, luz o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html">ruido</a></li> </ul> <p>La encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica puede ser impredecible. Sus síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer; y cambiar con el tiempo. En ocasiones, pueden mejorar y otras veces pueden empeorar.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)?</h3> <p>La encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. No existe una prueba específica para la afección, y otras enfermedades pueden causar síntomas similares. Su profesional de la salud debe descartar otras enfermedades antes de realizar un diagnóstico de EM/SFC.</p> <p>Su proveedor de atención médica realizará un examen médico completo, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntas sobre su historia clínica y el historial médico de su familia</li> <li>Preguntas sobre su enfermedad actual, incluyendo sus síntomas. Algunas preguntas que puede hacer podrían incluir con qué frecuencia tiene síntomas, qué tan graves son, cuánto han durado y cómo afectan su vida</li> <li>Exámenes completos del estado físico y mental</li> <li>Análisis de sangre, orina u otras pruebas para detectar otras enfermedades que podrían estar causando sus síntomas</li> </ul> <p>Su proveedor también puede pedirle que consulte a un especialista para detectar otras afecciones que puedan causar síntomas similares.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica (EM/SFC)?</h3> <p>No existe cura ni tratamiento aprobado para la encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica, pero es posible que pueda tratar o controlar algunos de sus síntomas. Usted, su familia y su profesional de la salud deben trabajar juntos para decidir un plan. Debe determinar qué síntoma le causa más problemas y tratar de tratarlo primero. Por ejemplo, si los problemas para dormir son los que más le afectan, primero puede intentar adoptar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">buenos hábitos de sueño</a>. Si esto no ayuda, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos o consultar a un especialista en sueño.</p> <p>También pueden resultar útiles estrategias como aprender nuevas formas de llevar a cabo sus actividades. Debe asegurarse de no "push-crash" (exigirse demasiado y luego recaer en inglés). Esto puede ocurrir cuando usted se siente mejor, hace demasiado y luego vuelve a empeorar.</p> <p>Cuando usted tiene EM/SFC, puede ser difícil ayudar a desarrollar un plan de tratamiento. También puede ser difícil intentar cuidarse a sí mismo. Por eso es importante que cuente con el apoyo de familiares y amigos.</p> <p>Hay varios recursos y estrategias disponibles que pueden resultarle útiles, como:</p> <ul> <li>Obtener consejería que le ayude a afrontar la enfermedad y su impacto en su vida</li> <li>Tener una dieta saludable</li> <li>Suplementos nutricionales, si su proveedor los sugiere</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">Terapias complementarias</a> como meditación, masajes suaves o terapias de relajación</li> </ul> <p>Asegúrese de hablar con su profesional de la salud antes de probar cualquier tratamiento nuevo. Algunos tratamientos que se promocionan como curas para la la afección no están probados, a menudo son costosos y podrían ser peligrosos.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Infecciones Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Fatiga Enfermedad sistémica de intolerancia al esfuerzo Fatiga crónica, Síndrome de SFC Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <h3>What is encephalitis? </h3> <p>Encephalitis is inflammation (swelling) of the brain. It can happen when an infection or medical condition that affects the brain activates your immune system. The inflammation can cause a wide range of symptoms. In extreme cases, it can lead to brain damage, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, or even death.</p> <h3>What causes encephalitis?</h3> <p>There are different types of encephalitis, based on what the cause is. The two main types are infectious encephalitis and autoimmune encephalitis.</p> <p><strong>Infectious encephalitis</strong> is usually caused by a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">virus</a>. In fact, viruses are the most common cause of encephalitis. Some of the different viruses that cause it include:</p><ul> <li>Herpes viruses, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html">herpes simplex</a> (HSV), the Epstein-Barr virus (which causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousmononucleosis.html">infectious mononucleosis</a>) and the varicella-zoster virus (which causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chickenpox.html">chickenpox</a>).</li> <li>Viruses you can get if you are bitten by an infected <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tickbites.html">tick</a>, such as tick-borne encephalitis (TBE virus) and Powassan virus.</li> <li>Viruses you can get if you are bitten by an infected <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html">mosquito</a>, such as eastern equine encephalitis virus, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/westnilevirus.html">West Nile virus</a>, and La Crosse virus.</li> <li>Enteroviruses, which are a common group of viruses that mostly cause mild illness or respiratory infection. These infections usually happen in the summer and fall.</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">Bacteria</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html">fungi</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html">parasites</a> can also cause infectious encephalitis. But this is not common.</p> <p><strong>Autoimmune encephalitis</strong> happens when your immune system mistakenly attacks healthy brain cells. It can be triggered by conditions such as certain cancers, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html">benign tumors</a>, and infections. Sometimes the cause is not known.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to get encephalitis?</h3> <p>Anyone can get encephalitis, but you are more likely to get it if you:</p> <ul> <li>Have a weakened immune system, for example from having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> or taking certain medicines. These could include medicines taken after an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">organ transplant</a>, certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a> medicines, and specialized treatments for certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune diseases</a>.</li> <li>Are a young child or older adult.</li> <li>Live in areas where there are ticks and mosquitoes that carry viruses that can cause encephalitis.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of encephalitis?</h3> <p>The symptoms of encephalitis can vary a lot, depending on how severe it is. Many people do not have any symptoms. Others may have mild flu-like symptoms such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">headache</a>, or body aches. If encephalitis becomes more serious, it can cause:</p> <ul> <li>Severe headache</li> <li>Stiff neck</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">Seizures</a></li> <li>Behavior changes</li> <li>Drowsiness</li> <li>Muscle weakness</li> <li>Partial <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html">paralysis</a> in your arms and legs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html">Coma</a></li> </ul> <p>Encephalitis can be dangerous in infants. Their symptoms may include:</p> <ul> <li>Fever</li> <li>Lethargy (weakness or drowsiness)</li> <li>Poor feeding</li> <li>Vomiting</li> <li>Body stiffness</li> <li>Unusual irritability or crying</li> <li>A full or bulging fontanel (the soft spot on the top of the head)</li> </ul> <p>If you or your child is having symptoms of encephalitis, it's important to get medical care right away.</p> <h3>How is encephalitis diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have encephalitis, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will do a physical exam</li> <li>Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms</li> <li>May do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/">neurologic exam</a></li> <li>May order <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>, such as a brain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a></li> <li>May order an EEG (electroencephalography), which use small electric sensors to measure your brain activity</li> <li>May order blood and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/">cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for encephalitis?</h3> <p>Most people with encephalitis will need treatment in the hospital. Depending on the cause, treatments may include antiviral medicines, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">corticosteroids</a>, and other medicines.</p> <p>For some types of encephalitis, there is no medicine to treat it. But rest, nutrition, and fluids can help your body fight the infection and relieve symptoms. </p> <p>Some people may need physical, speech, and occupational therapy once the illness is under control.</p> <h3>Can encephalitis be prevented?</h3> <p>There are steps you can take to help prevent encephalitis that is caused by infections:</p> <ul> <li>Use <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">good hygiene</a>, including washing your hands often with soap and water.</li> <li>Don't share food, drinks, utensils, and glasses with other people.</li> <li>Get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">vaccines</a> for viruses that can cause encephalitis.</li> <li>Avoid mosquito and tick bites, for example by: <ul> <li>Wearing insect repellent with DEET or another U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent. Make sure to follow the instructions for using the repellant.</li> <li>Wearing clothes that cover your arms, legs and feet.</li> <li>Treating your clothing and gear with products containing 0.5% permethrin before you go in grassy or woody areas.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Encefalitis Encephalitis Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi Hindi Hmong Khmer Korean Spanish Spanish Tagalog Turkish Vietnamese National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Meningitis West Nile Virus Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Death and dying Terminal care <p>Planning for the end of life can be difficult. But by deciding what end-of-life care best suits your needs when you are healthy, you can help those close to you make the right choices when the time comes.</p> <p>End-of-life planning usually includes making choices about the following:</p> <ul> <li>The goals of care (for example, whether to use certain medicines during the last days of life)</li> <li>Where you want to spend your final days</li> <li>Which treatments for end-of-life care you wish to receive</li> <li>What type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/palliativecare.html">palliative care</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hospicecare.html">hospice care</a> you wish to receive</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/advancedirectives.html">Advance directives</a> can help make your wishes clear to your family and health care providers.</p> Social/Family Issues Personal Health Issues Asuntos que enfrenta el enfermo terminal Death Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Nursing Research Advance Directives Bereavement Hospice Care Organ Donation Suicide Death and Dying Terminal Care Start Here Family Caregiver Alliance Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Children Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics AGS Health in Aging Foundation Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues American College of Physicians PDF Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert National Alliance for Care at Home Find an Expert National Institute of Nursing Research NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Federal Trade Commission Start Here American Cancer Society Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Federal Trade Commission Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Federal Trade Commission Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH <h3>¿Qué es la endocarditis?</h3> <p>La endocarditis a veces también es llamada endocarditis infecciosa. Es una inflamación rara, pero potencialmente mortal, de la membrana dentro de las cámaras y válvulas del corazón (el endocardio).</p> <p>La endocarditis por lo general es causada por gérmenes que entran en el torrente sanguíneo y viajan al corazón. Una vez dentro del corazón, los gérmenes pueden adjuntarse a la membrana o quedar atrapados en las válvulas. Los gérmenes empiezan a crecer, causando infección. Si no se trata rápido, la infección puede causar daño al corazón y provocar problemas de salud serios.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la endocarditis?</h3> <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">infecciones bacterianas</a> causan la mayoría de la endocarditis. Normalmente, muchas bacterias viven en su boca, en su piel y en otras partes del cuerpo. A veces las bacterias pueden entrar en su torrente sanguíneo por lesiones como cortes o raspaduras. Tratamiento dental y ciertas cirugías también pueden permitir que pequeñas cantidades de bacterias entren en su torrente sanguíneo.</p> <p>En algunos casos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html">infecciones por hongos</a> causan endocarditis. Los hongos, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html">cándida</a>, pueden vivir en partes de su cuerpo. Las infecciones por hongos por lo general suceden en personas que tienen un sistema inmunitario debilitado, que no puede detener el crecimiento de los hongos. Esto incluye personas que tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a>.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar endocarditis?</h3> <p>Por lo general, la endocarditis es rara. Si usted está sano, su sistema inmunitario usualmente destruye los gérmenes en su torrente sanguíneo antes de que causen daño.</p> <p>Sin embargo, su probabilidad de desarrollar endocarditis puede ser más alta que la mayoría de las personas si usted:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Tiene ciertas afecciones cardiacas:</strong> Tejido cardiaco dañado o anormal y dispositivos en su corazón pueden atrapar gérmenes más fácilmente que un tejido cardiaco sano. Esto significa que su riesgo de endocarditis es más alto si usted tiene: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html">Enfermedad de las válvulas del corazón</a></li> <li>Ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">defectos congénitos del corazón</a></li> <li>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">marcapasos o desfibrilador implantable</a></li> <li>Un reemplazo de válvula del corazón</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Tiene más edad:</strong> Cambios de las válvulas del corazón relacionados con la edad, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mitralvalveprolapse.html">prolapso de la válvula mitral</a> o depósitos de calcio en la válvula aórtica, crean lugares para que los gérmenes se adjunten al corazón</li> <li><strong>Se inyecta <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas ilegales</a>:</strong> Agujas sucias pueden llevar bacterias al torrente sanguíneo</li> <li><strong>Tiene una afección que <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">debilita el sistema inmunitario</a></strong></li> <li><strong>No cuida sus dientes y encias:</strong> Una mala <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html">salud dental</a> hace que sea fácil que los gérmenes entren en su torrente sanguíneo a través de sus encías y boca</li> <li><strong>Tiene una línea venosa central a largo plazo</strong>, un tubo que se queda en una vena grande durante semanas o meses por tratamiento médico</li> <li><strong>Ya ha tenido endocarditis:</strong> La endocarditis puede dañar el tejido cardiaco, lo cual incrementa su riesgo de tenerla nuevamente</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de endocarditis?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de endocarditis pueden ser severos o muy leves. Pueden empezar repentina o lentamente. Los síntomas también pueden variar de persona a persona. Los posibles síntomas de endocarditis incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a> y escalofríos</li> <li>Soplo cardiaco nuevo o que empeora (un sonido inusual que se escucha entre los latidos)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor de pecho</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a></li> <li>Dolor muscular, en las articulaciones y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html">espalda</a></li> <li>Sudoración nocturna (sudoración abundante durante el sueño)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Falta de aliento</a> (sentir que le falta el aire)</li> <li>Cambios en la piel, incluyendo: <ul> <li>Vasos sanguíneos rotos</li> <li>Protuberancias rojas o moradas dolorosas</li> <li>Manchas rojas planas en la palma de las manos o en la planta de los pies</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la endocarditis?</h3> <p>Cuando los gérmenes están en su corazón, pueden agruparse con las células sanguíneas. Estas agrupaciones pueden separarse y moverse a través de su torrente sanguíneo. Pueden bloquear el flujo sanguíneo, propagar la infección o dañar sus órganos, incluyendo su cerebro, pulmones, riñones y bazo.</p> <p>La endocarditis a veces puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html">sepsis</a>, una emergencia médica que sucede cuando su cuerpo tiene una respuesta extrema a una infección.</p> <p>La endocarditis también puede causar problemas cardiacos serios, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Daño a las válvulas cardiacas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Insuficiencia cardiaca</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Arritmia</a> (un problema con la frecuencia y el ritmo de los latidos del corazón)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la endocarditis?</h3> <p>Para averiguar si usted tiene endocarditis, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntará acerca de su <strong>historia clínica</strong>, incluyendo síntomas, afecciones recientes y otros problemas de salud que afectan su probabilidad de desarrollar endocarditis</li> <li>Hará un <strong>examen físico</strong></li> <li>Probablemente ordenará <strong>pruebas</strong> como: <ul> <li>Pruebas de sangre para revisar por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">síntomas de infección</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">bacterias</a> u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/">hongos en su sangre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">Rayos x</a> en el pecho</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">Pruebas del corazón</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para endocarditis?</h3> <p>Si usted tiene endocarditis, es importante obtener tratamiento rápidamente. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicamentos:</strong> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">Antibióticos</a></strong> para tratar infecciones bacterianas. Los antibióticos por lo general se empiezan de forma intravenosa en el hospital</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos antimicóticos</strong> para tratar infecciones por hongos. Su profesional de la salud puede sugerir tomar medicamentos antimicóticos por el resto de su vida para prevenir que regrese la infección</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html">Cirugía del corazón</a></strong> puede necesitarse para reparar o reemplazar válvulas y tejido cardiaco dañado. La cirugía también puede realizarse para remover tejido infectado</li> <li><strong>Cuidado dental</strong>, en especial limpiezas, para ayudar a prevenir la cantidad de bacterias que crecen en su boca</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento puede durar semanas y usted puede necesitar pruebas para asegurarse que está funcionando. Su profesional de la salud también revisará si hay problemas que puedan desarrollarse por la endocarditis, como insuficiencia cardiaca o latidos cardiacos irregulares.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la endocarditis?</h3> <p>Si usted tiene probabilidades más altas que otras personas de desarrollar endocarditis, puede reducir su riesgo si:</p> <ul> <li>Cuida bien de sus dientes y encías todos los días</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-dental/">exámenes y limpiezas dentales</a> cada 6 meses</li> <li>Tiene hábitos para un corazón sano en su vida diaria, para ayudar a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html">prevenir las enfermedades del corazón</a></li> <li>Llama a su profesional de la salud enseguida si usted tiene síntomas que podrían ser de endocarditis</li> </ul> <p>Las personas con mayor riesgo de endocarditis bacteriana necesitan tomar antibióticos antes de las visitas dentales o ciertos procedimientos quirúrgicos. Pregunte a su profesional de la salud si usted es parte de un grupo de alto riesgo. Si es así, comunique a todos sus profesionales de la salud acerca de su riesgo.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Endocarditis Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Enfermedades del corazón Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <h3>What is endocarditis?</h3> <p>Endocarditis is sometimes called infective endocarditis. It's a rare but life-threatening inflammation of the lining inside your heart's chambers and valves (the endocardium).</p> <p>Endocarditis is usually caused by germs that get into your bloodstream and travel to your heart. Once they get inside your heart, the germs can attach to the lining or get trapped in the valves. They start to grow, causing an infection. If not treated quickly, the infection can cause damage to the heart and lead to serious health problems.</p> <h3>What causes endocarditis?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">Bacterial infections</a> cause most endocarditis. Normally, many bacteria live in your mouth, on your skin, or in other parts of the body. Sometimes the bacteria can get into your bloodstream from injuries such cuts or scrapes. Dental work and certain surgeries can also allow small amounts of bacteria to enter your bloodstream.</p> <p>In some cases, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html">fungal infections</a> cause endocarditis. The fungi, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html">yeast</a>, can live in parts of your body. Fungal infections generally happen in people who have weakened immune systems that can't stop the fungus from growing. This includes people who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop endocarditis?</h3> <p>In general, endocarditis is rare. If you're healthy, your immune system usually destroys the germs in your bloodstream before they can cause harm.</p> <p>But your chance of developing endocarditis may be higher than most people if you:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Have certain heart conditions.</strong> Damaged or abnormal heart tissue and devices in your heart can trap germs more easily than healthy heart tissue. That means your risk of endocarditis is higher if you have: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html">Heart valve disease</a>.</li> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">congenital heart defects</a>.</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">pacemaker or an implantable defibrillator.</a></li> <li>A heart valve replacement.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Are older.</strong> Age-related changes to the heart valves, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mitralvalveprolapse.html">mitral valve prolapse</a> or calcium deposits in the aortic valve, create places for germs to attach to the heart.</li> <li><strong>Inject <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">illegal drugs</a>.</strong> Unclean needles may carry bacteria into the bloodstream.</li> <li><strong>Have a condition that <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">weakens your immune system</a>.</strong></li> <li><strong>Don't take care of your teeth and gums.</strong> Poor <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html">dental health</a> makes it easier for germs to get into your bloodstream through your gums and mouth.</li> <li><strong>Have a long-term central venous line</strong>, a tube that stays in a large vein for weeks or months for medical treatment.</li> <li><strong>Have already had endocarditis.</strong> Endocarditis can damage heart tissue, which increases your risk of getting it again.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of endocarditis?</h3> <p>Endocarditis symptoms may be severe or very mild. They may start suddenly or slowly. And they can vary from person to person. The possible symptoms of endocarditis include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a> and chills</li> <li>New or worsening heart murmur (an unusual sound heard between heartbeats)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">Cough</a></li> <li>Muscle, joint, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html">back pain</a></li> <li>Night sweats (heavy sweating during sleep)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a> (feeling like you can't get enough air)</li> <li>Skin changes, including: <ul> <li>Broken blood vessels</li> <li>Painful red or purple bumps</li> <li>Painless flat red spots on the palms of your hands or soles of your feet</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What other problems can endocarditis cause?</h3> <p>When the germs are in your heart, they can clump together with blood cells. These clumps can break off and travel through your bloodstream. They may block blood flow, spread infection, or damage your organs, including your brain, lungs, kidneys, and spleen.</p> <p>Endocarditis may sometimes lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html">sepsis</a>, a medical emergency that happens when your body has an extreme response to the infection.</p> <p>Endocarditis can also cause serious heart problems including:</p> <ul> <li>Heart valve damage</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">Arrhythmia</a> (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat)</li> </ul> <h3>How is endocarditis diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have endocarditis, your health care provider will:</p> <ul> <li>Ask about your <strong>medical history</strong>, including your symptoms, recent illnesses, and other health conditions that affect your chance of developing endocarditis.</li> <li>Do a <strong>physical exam</strong>.</li> <li>Likely order <strong>tests</strong>, such as: <ul> <li>Blood tests to check for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">signs of infection</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">bacteria</a>, or<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/"> fungi in your blood</a>.</li> <li>Chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-rays</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">Heart tests</a>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for endocarditis?</h3> <p>If you have endocarditis, it's important to get treatment quickly. Treatments may include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicines:</strong> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">Antibiotics</a></strong> to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics are usually started through an intravenous (IV) line in the hospital.</li> <li><strong>Antifungal medicine</strong> to treat fungal infections. Your provider may suggest taking antifungal medicine for the rest of your life to prevent the infection from coming back.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html">Heart surgery</a></strong> may be needed to repair or replace damaged valves and heart tissue. Surgery may also be done to remove infected tissue.</li> <li><strong>Dental care</strong>, especially cleanings, can help reduce the amount of bacteria that grows in your mouth.</li> </ul> <p>Treatment may last weeks, and you may need tests to make sure it's working. Your provider will also check you for problems that could develop from endocarditis, such as heart failure or an irregular heartbeat.</p> <h3>Can endocarditis be prevented?</h3> <p>If you have a higher chance of developing endocarditis than most people, you can reduce your risk if you:</p> <ul> <li>Take good care of your teeth and gums every day</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dental-exam/">dental exams and cleaning</a> at your dentist's office every 6 months</li> <li>Make heart-healthy habits part of your daily life to help <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">prevent heart disease</a></li> <li>Call your health care provider right away if you have symptoms that could be endocarditis</li> </ul> <p>People with the highest risk for bacterial endocarditis need antibiotics before dental visits or certain medical or surgical procedures. Ask your provider if you're part of the highest risk group. If so, let all your providers know about your risk.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Endocarditis Endocarditis Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Heart Diseases Heart Valve Diseases Find an Expert American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics Texas Heart Institute Specifics American Heart Association Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Prevention and Risk Factors American Heart Association PDF Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Your endocrine system includes eight major glands throughout your body. These glands make <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a>. Hormones are chemical messengers. They travel through your bloodstream to tissues or organs. Hormones work slowly and affect body processes from head to toe. These include:</p><ul> <li>Growth and development</li> <li>Metabolism - digestion, elimination, breathing, blood circulation and maintaining body temperature </li> <li>Sexual function</li> <li>Reproduction</li> <li>Mood</li> </ul> <p>If your hormone levels are too high or too low, you may have a hormone disorder. Hormone diseases also occur if your body does not respond to hormones the way it is supposed to. Stress, infection and changes in your blood's <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">fluid and electrolyte balance</a> can also influence hormone levels.</p> <p>In the United States, the most common endocrine disease is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>. There are many others. They are usually treated by controlling how much hormone your body makes. Hormone supplements can help if the problem is too little of a hormone.</p> Endocrine System Enfermedades del sistema endocrino Endocrine System Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Addison Disease Adrenal Gland Disorders Diabetes Growth Disorders Hormones Pancreatic Diseases Parathyroid Disorders Pituitary Disorders Thyroid Diseases Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Endocrine Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Start Here Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Endocrine Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Men Endocrine Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Endo <h3>What is endometriosis?</h3> <p>The uterus, or womb, is the place where a baby grows when a person is pregnant. The uterus is lined with tissue (endometrium). Endometriosis is a disease in which tissue that is similar to the lining of the uterus grows in other places in your body. These patches of tissue are called "implants," "nodules," or "lesions." They are most often found:</p><ul> <li>On or under the ovaries</li> <li>On the fallopian tubes, which carry egg cells from the ovaries to the uterus</li> <li>Behind the uterus</li> <li>On the tissues that hold the uterus in place</li> <li>On the bowels or bladder</li> </ul> <p>In rare cases, the tissue may grow on your lungs or in other parts of your body.</p> <h3>What causes endometriosis?</h3> <p>The cause of endometriosis is unknown.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for endometriosis?</h3> <p>Endometriosis can affect anyone who menstruates. Certain factors can raise or lower your risk of getting it.</p> <p>You are at higher risk if:</p><ul> <li>You have a mother, sister, or daughter with endometriosis</li> <li>Your period started before age 11</li> <li>Your monthly cycles are short (less than 27 days)</li> <li>Your menstrual cycles are heavy and last more than 7 days</li> </ul> <p>You have a lower risk if:</p><ul> <li>You have been pregnant before</li> <li>Your periods started late in adolescence</li> <li>You breastfeed your babies</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of endometriosis?</h3> <p>The main symptoms of endometriosis are:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html">Pelvic pain</a>, which often happens during your period.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html">Infertility</a></li> </ul> <p>Other possible symptoms include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/periodpain.html">Painful menstrual cramps</a>, which may get worse over time</li> <li>Pain during or after sex</li> <li>Pain in the intestine or lower <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">abdomen</a></li> <li>Pain with bowel movements or urination, usually during your period</li> <li>Heavy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">periods</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html">Spotting or bleeding</a> between periods</li> <li>Digestive or gastrointestinal symptoms</li> <li>Fatigue or lack of energy</li> </ul> <h3>How is endometriosis diagnosed?</h3> <p>Surgery is the only way to know for sure that you have endometriosis. First, however, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. You will have a pelvic exam and may have some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>.</p> <p>The most common surgery to diagnose endometriosis is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/">laparoscopy</a>. This is a type of surgery that uses a laparoscope, a thin tube with a camera and light. The surgeon inserts the laparoscope through a small cut in the skin near your belly button. Your provider can make a diagnosis based on how the patches of endometriosis look. They may also do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a> to get a tissue sample.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for endometriosis?</h3> <p>There is no cure for endometriosis, but there are treatments for the symptoms. Your provider will work with you to decide which treatments would be best for you.</p> <p><strong>Treatments for endometriosis pain</strong> include:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">Pain relievers</a></strong>, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as ibuprofen and a prescription medicine specifically for endometriosis. Providers may sometimes prescribe opioids for severe pain.</li> <li><strong>Hormone therapy</strong>, which stops the ovaries from making hormones. This may slow the growth of the endometrial tissue and may prevent new areas from growing. Types of hormone therapy include: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">Birth control pills</a>.</li> <li>Progestin therapy.</li> <li>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) medicines (GnRH agonists and antagonists). These medicines cause a temporary menopause. After your stop taking the medicines, your menstrual periods will start again, and pregnancy is possible.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Surgical treatments</strong> for severe pain, including procedures to remove the endometriosis patches or cut some nerves in the pelvis. The surgery may be a laparoscopy or major surgery.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Treatments for infertility caused by endometriosis</strong> include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Laparoscopy</strong> to remove the endometriosis patches</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">In vitro fertilization</a></strong></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Women Female Reproductive System Endometriosis Endometriosis Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Female Infertility Menstruation Uterine Diseases Adenomyosis Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Society for Reproductive Medicine PDF Treatments and Therapies American Society for Reproductive Medicine Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Reference Desk Boston Children's Hospital Easy-to-Read Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <h3>¿Qué es la endometriosis?</h3> <p>El útero, o matriz, es el lugar donde se desarrolla el bebé cuando una persona está embarazada. El endometrio es el tejido que recubre el interior del útero. La endometriosis es una enfermedad en la que el tipo de tejido que es similar al revestimiento del útero crece fuera de éste. Estos parches de tejido se llaman "implantes", "nódulos" o "lesiones". Se encuentran más a menudo:</p> <ul> <li>En o debajo de los ovarios</li> <li>En las trompas de Falopio, que llevan óvulos desde los ovarios hasta el útero</li> <li>Detrás del útero</li> <li>En los tejidos que sostienen el útero en su lugar</li> <li>En los intestinos o vejiga</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuál es la causa de la endometriosis?</h3> <p>No se conoce la causa de la endometriosis.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de endometriosis?</h3> <p>La endometriosis puede afectar a cualquier persona que tiene menstruaciones. Ciertos factores pueden aumentar o disminuir su riesgo de tenerla.</p> <p>Usted está en mayor riesgo si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene una madre, hermana o hija con endometriosis</li> <li>Su período comenzó antes de los 11 años</li> <li>Sus ciclos mensuales son cortos (menos de 27 días)</li> <li>Sus ciclos menstruales son intensos y duran más de 7 días</li> </ul> <p>Tiene un menor riesgo si:</p> <ul> <li>Ha estado embarazada antes</li> <li>Sus periodos comenzaron tarde en la adolescencia</li> <li>Da pecho a su bebé</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la endometriosis?</h3> <p>Los principales síntomas de la endometriosis son:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html">Dolor pélvico</a> que con frecuencia ocurre durante su período</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html">Infertilidad</a></li> </ul> <p>Otros posibles síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/periodpain.html">Calambres menstruales dolorosos</a>: Estos pueden empeorar con el tiempo</li> <li>Dolor durante o después de las relaciones sexuales</li> <li>Dolor en los intestinos o parte baja del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">abdomen</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">Períodos</a> con flujo intenso</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html">Manchas o sangrado</a> entre períodos</li> <li>Síntomas gastrointestinales o digestivos</li> <li>Fatiga o falta de energía</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la endometriosis?</h3> <p>La cirugía es la única forma de saber con certeza si tiene endometriosis. Sin embargo, primero, su profesional de la salud le preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historia clínica. Le harán un examen pélvico y posiblemente algunas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de imagen</a>.</p> <p>La cirugía más común para diagnosticar la endometriosis es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">laparoscopia</a>. Este e tipo de cirugía utiliza un laparoscopio, un tubo delgado con una cámara y luz. El cirujano inserta el laparoscopio a través de un pequeño corte en la piel cerca de su ombligo. El profesional de la salud puede hacer un diagnóstico basado en cómo se ven los parches de endometriosis. También puede hacer una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> para obtener una muestra de tejido.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la endometriosis?</h3> <p>No hay cura para la endometriosis, pero hay tratamientos para los síntomas. Su profesional de la salud colaborará con usted para decidir qué tratamientos son los mejores para su caso.</p> <p>Los tratamientos para el dolor por endometriosis incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">Analgésicos</a></strong>: Incluyendo medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroides como el ibuprofeno y un medicamento recetado específicamente para la endometriosis. Los proveedores a veces pueden recetar opioides para el dolor severo</li> <li><strong>Terapia hormonal</strong>: Impide que los ovarios produzcan hormonas. Esto puede retardar el crecimiento del tejido endometrial y puede dificultar que crezcan nuevas áreas. Los tipos de terapia hormonal incluyen: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">Pastillas anticonceptivas</a></li> <li>Terapia con progestinas</li> <li>Medicamentos de la hormona liberadora de gonadotropina (GnRH) (agonistas y antagonistas de GnRH): Estos medicamentos provocan una menopausia temporal. Después de dejar de tomar los medicamentos, sus períodos menstruales comenzarán nuevamente y es posible que quede embarazada</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Tratamientos quirúrgicos para el dolor intenso</strong>: Incluyendo procedimientos para extirpar los parches de endometriosis o cortar algunos nervios en la pelvis. La operación puede ser una laparoscopia o cirugía mayor</li> </ul> <p>Los tratamientos para la infertilidad causada por la endometriosis incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Laparoscopia </strong>para extirpar los parches de endometriosis</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">Fertilización in vitro</a></strong></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Endometriosis Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Enfermedades del útero Infertilidad Menstruación Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>Una endoscopía es un procedimiento que permite que el médico vea el interior de su cuerpo. Utiliza un instrumento llamado endoscopio o tubo visor. Los endoscopios tienen una cámara diminuta unida a un tubo largo y delgado. El médico lo mueve a través de una cavidad, órgano hueco o apertura del cuerpo para ver el interior de un órgano. Algunas veces, los endoscopios se usan para cirugía, como en el caso de la extirpación de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html">pólipos</a> del colon.</p> <p>Existen muchos tipos distintos de endoscopías. Estos son algunos de sus nombres y los órganos que se observan.:</p><ul> <li> Artroscopía: Articulaciones</li> <li>Broncoscopía: Pulmones </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">Colonoscopía</a> y sigmoidoscopía: Intestino grueso </li> <li>Cistoscopía y ureteroscopía: sistema urinario </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/laparoscopia/">Laparoscopia</a>: Abdomen o pelvis </li> <li>Endoscopía gastrointestinal superior: Esófago y estómago</li> </ul> Pruebas de diagnóstico Cirugía y rehabilitación Endoscopy Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Mujeres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>Endoscopy is a procedure that lets your doctor look inside your body. It uses an instrument called an endoscope, or scope for short. Scopes have a tiny camera attached to a long, thin tube. The doctor moves it through a body passageway or opening to see inside an organ. Sometimes scopes are used for surgery, such as for removing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html">polyps</a> from the colon.</p> <p>There are many different kinds of endoscopy. Here are the names of some of them and where they look.:</p><ul> <li>Arthroscopy: joints</li> <li>Bronchoscopy: lungs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">Colonoscopy</a> and sigmoidoscopy: large intestine</li> <li>Cystoscopy and ureteroscopy: urinary system</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/">Laparoscopy</a>: abdomen or pelvis</li> <li>Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: esophagus and stomach </li> </ul> Diagnostic Tests Surgery and Rehabilitation Endoscopia Endoscopy Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Specifics Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Video Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues American College of Gastroenterology Children North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition PDF Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Kidney Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia EAP Enfermedad vascular periférica <p>La enfermedad arterial periférica ocurre cuando hay un estrechamiento de los vasos sanguíneos fuera del corazón. La causa de esta enfermedad es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">arterioesclerosis</a>. Esto sucede cuando placa se acumula en las paredes de las arterias que abastecen de sangre a brazos y piernas. La placa es una sustancia compuesta por grasa y colesterol y hace que las arterias se estrechen o se obstruyan. Esto puede reducir o interrumpir el flujo de sangre, generalmente hacia las piernas. Si la obstrucción del flujo sanguíneo es lo suficientemente grave, puede causar la muerte de los tejidos y, a veces, la amputación del pie o la pierna. </p> <p>El principal factor de riesgo de la enfermedad arterial periférica es el fumar. Otros incluyen el envejecimiento y afecciones como la diabetes, colesterol alto, presión arterial alta, enfermedad cardiaca y accidente cerebrovascular. </p> <p>Muchas personas que tienen enfermedad arterial periférica no presentan síntomas. Si usted tiene síntomas, estos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor, entumecimiento, molestia o pesadez en los músculos de las piernas. Esto ocurre al caminar o subir escaleras</li> <li>Pulso débil o ausente en piernas o pies</li> <li>Heridas o llagas en los dedos de los pies, pies o piernas que tardan en sanar, no sanan o sanan mal</li> <li>Color pálido o azulado de la piel</li> <li>Temperatura más baja en una de las piernas comparada a la otra</li> <li>Poco crecimiento de las uñas de los pies o del pelo en las piernas </li> <li>Disfunción eréctil, especialmente en hombres diabéticos </li> </ul> <p>La enfermedad arterial periférica puede aumentar el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">infarto</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">derrame cerebral</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html">ataque isquémico transitorio</a>. </p> <p>Los médicos diagnostican la enfermedad arterial periférica con un examen físico y pruebas de imagen. Los tratamientos incluyen cambios en el estilo de vida, medicinas y, a veces, cirugía. Cambios en el estilo de vida incluyen modificaciones en la dieta, ejercicio y esfuerzos para bajar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> alto y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">hipertensión</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Peripheral Arterial Disease Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Enfermedades de las arterias carótidas Problemas circulatorios Trombosis venosa profunda Várices Claudicación Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Celiaquía Enteropatía por sensibilidad al gluten Esprúe celíaco <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad celíaca?</h3> <p>La enfermedad celíaca es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html">trastorno digestivo</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">inmunitario</a> crónico (a largo plazo) que daña el intestino delgado. El daño puede impedir que su cuerpo absorba <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">minerales</a> y otros nutrientes de los alimentos que consume. Esto puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html">desnutrición</a> y otros problemas de salud graves.</p> <p>La enfermedad celíaca se presenta por comer alimentos que contienen gluten. El gluten es una proteína que se encuentra en el trigo, la cebada, el centeno y otros cereales. También puede estar en otros productos como vitaminas y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html">suplementos</a>, productos para el cabello y la piel, pastas dentales y protectores labiales.</p> <p>La enfermedad celíaca es diferente de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glutensensitivity.html">sensibilidad al gluten</a>. Ambas implican problemas con el gluten y pueden causar algunos de los mismos síntomas, como dolor abdominal y fatiga. Pero la sensibilidad al gluten no daña el intestino delgado como lo hace la enfermedad celíaca.</p> <p>La alergia al trigo, un tipo de alergia alimentaria, también es diferente. Tanto con la enfermedad celíaca como con la alergia al trigo, su sistema inmunitario reacciona al trigo. Pero con la alergia al trigo, puede tener síntomas diferentes, como picazón en los ojos o problemas para respirar. Además, la alergia al trigo no causa daños a largo plazo al intestino delgado.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la enfermedad celíaca?</h3> <p>Se desconoce la causa exacta de la enfermedad celíaca. La investigación sugiere que la enfermedad celíaca solo ocurre en personas que tienen ciertos genes y comen alimentos que contienen gluten. Los investigadores están estudiando otros factores que pueden tener un papel en la causa de la enfermedad.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar enfermedad celíaca?</h3> <p>La enfermedad celíaca es más común si usted:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene un familiar con la enfermedad</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html">síndrome de Down</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/turnersyndrome.html">síndrome de Turner</a> o síndrome de Williams</li> <li>Es caucásico</li> <li>Es mujer</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad celíaca?</h3><p></p> <p>Los síntomas de la enfermedad celíaca pueden ser diferentes de persona a persona. En ocasiones, los síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer. Algunas personas pueden no notar ningún síntoma.</p> <p>Algunos de los posibles síntomas afectan el sistema digestivo. Los síntomas digestivos son más comunes en niños que en adultos. Estos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Hinchazón (sensación de llenura en el abdomen)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a> crónica (a largo plazo) o heces grasosas, voluminosas e inusualmente malolientes </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">Estreñimiento</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html">Gases</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html">Intolerancia a la lactosa</a> por el daño en el intestino delgado</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náuseas y vómitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">Dolor abdominal</a></li> <li>Pérdida de peso en adultos o no suficiente aumento de peso en niños</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas con enfermedad celíaca tienen síntomas que afectan otras partes del cuerpo, como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a></li> <li>Irritabilidad (en niños)</li> <li>Dermatitis herpetiforme, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">sarpullido</a> con picazón y ampollas (principalmente en adultos)</li> <li>Dolor de huesos o articulaciones</li> <li>Síntomas relacionados con la boca, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cankersores.html">aftas bucales</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html">boca seca</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la enfermedad celíaca?</h3> <p>Con el tiempo, la enfermedad celíaca puede causar otros problemas de salud, especialmente si no se trata. Estos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Desnutrición</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">Anemia</a>, especialmente por deficiencia de hierro</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html">Pérdida ósea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">Problemas del sistema nervioso</a> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">dolores de cabeza</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html">problemas de equilibrio</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html">neuropatía periférica</a></li> <li>Problemas reproductivos, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">periódos menstruales</a> irregulares y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html">abortos espontáneos</a> en mujeres e infertilidad en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html">hombres</a> y mujeres</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad celíaca?</h3> <p>Si tiene síntomas de la enfermedad celíaca, su profesional de la salud buscará signos de que podría tener la enfermedad celíaca. Para ello, su proveedor analizará su historia clínica y familiar y le hará un examen físico.</p> <p>Si su profesional de la salud piensa que usted puede tener enfermedad celíaca, le hará algunas pruebas. Los proveedores suelen utilizar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-enfermedad-celiaca/">análisis de sangre</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsias</a> del intestino delgado para diagnosticar la enfermedad celíaca. La biopsia se hace durante una endoscopia gastrointestinal superior. Para este procedimiento, su proveedor usa un endoscopio (tubo flexible con una cámara) para ver el revestimiento de su esófago, estómago e intestino delgado. También permite tomar una muestra de tejido para una biopsia.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad celíaca?</h3> <p>El tratamiento para la enfermedad celíaca es seguir una dieta libre de gluten por el resto de su vida. Una dieta sin gluten trata o evita muchos de los síntomas y otros problemas de salud causados por la enfermedad celíaca. En la mayoría de los casos, también puede curar el daño en el intestino delgado y prevenir más daño.</p> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede referirlo a un dietista registrado (experto en nutrición) que puede ayudarle a aprender cómo llevar una dieta saludable sin gluten. También deberá evitar todas las fuentes ocultas de gluten, como ciertos suplementos, cosméticos y pasta de dientes, entre otros. A veces, leer las etiquetas de los productos puede ayudar a evitar el gluten. Si una etiqueta no indica si contiene un producto, consulte con la compañía que fabrica el producto para obtener una lista de ingredientes. No asuma que un producto no contiene gluten si no lo menciona. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Problemas del metabolismo Celiac Disease Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Sensibilidad al gluten Celíaca, Enfermedad Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Grupo de Intolerancia al Gluten PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Síntomas Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Insuficiencia adrenal <p>Las glándulas suprarrenales se localizan justo arriba de los riñones. La capa externa de estas glándulas produce hormonas que ayudan al cuerpo a responder al estrés, regulan la presión sanguínea y el equilibrio del agua y sal en el cuerpo. La enfermedad de Addison ocurre cuando las glándulas suprarrenales no producen suficientes hormonas. Este enfermeadad suele ser a consecuencia de un problema con el sistema inmunitario. El sistema inmunitario ataca equivocadamente sus propios tejidos y daña las glándulas suprarrenales. Otras causas pueden ser algunas infecciones y cáncer.</p> <p>Los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Pérdida de peso</li> <li> Debilidad muscular</li> <li> Fatiga que empeora con el tiempo</li> <li> Baja presión arterial</li> <li> Piel oscura o manchada </li> </ul> <p>Existen pruebas de laboratorio que pueden confirmar si padece de la enfermedad de Addison. Si no se trata, puede ser mortal. Necesitará tomar pastillas de hormonas por el resto de su vida. Si padece de la enfermedad de Addison deberá llevar consigo una tarjeta de identificación en caso de urgencia. Esta deberá mencionar que usted padece dicha enfermedad e indicar sus medicinas y las dosis que necesita en caso de urgencia.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema inmunitario Sistema endocrino Addison Disease Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales Addison, Enfermedad de Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>La enfermedad de Alzheimer es la forma más común de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">demencia</a> entre las personas mayores. La demencia es un trastorno cerebral que afecta gravemente la capacidad de una persona de llevar a cabo sus actividades diarias. </p> <p>El Alzheimer comienza lentamente. Primero afecta las partes del cerebro que controlan el pensamiento, la memoria y el lenguaje. Las personas con el mal pueden tener dificultades para recordar cosas que ocurrieron en forma reciente o los nombres de personas que conocen. Un problema relacionado, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mildcognitiveimpairment.html">deterioro cognitivo leve</a>, causa más problemas de memoria que los normales en personas de la misma edad. Muchos, pero no toda la gente con deterioro cognitivo leve, desarrollarán Alzheimer. </p> <p>Con el tiempo, los síntomas del Alzheimer empeoran. Las personas pueden no reconocer a sus familiares. Pueden tener dificultades para hablar, leer o escribir. Pueden olvidar cómo cepillarse los dientes o peinarse el cabello. Más adelante, pueden volverse ansiosos o agresivos o deambular lejos de su casa. Finalmente, necesitan cuidados totales. Esto puede ser muy estresante para los familiares que deben encargarse de sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimerscaregivers.html">cuidados</a>. </p> <p>El Alzheimer suele comenzar después de los 60 años. El riesgo aumenta a medida que la persona envejece. El riesgo es mayor si hay personas en la familia que tuvieron la enfermedad. </p> <p>Ningún tratamiento puede detener la enfermedad. Sin embargo, algunos fármacos pueden ayudar a impedir por un tiempo limitado que los síntomas empeoren. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</p> Salud mental y conducta Personas mayores Cerebro y nervios Alzheimer's Disease Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Demencia Deterioro cognitivo leve Memoria Proveedor de atención al paciente Proveedores de atención al paciente con Alzheimer Alzheimer, Enfermedad de Spanish/Español Síntomas Asociación de Alzheimer Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Asociación de Alzheimer Tutorial interactivo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Asociación de Alzheimer Spanish/Español Especialistas Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación de Alzheimer Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Video NIH Spanish/Español Estudios clínicos Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Asociación de Alzheimer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Estudios clínicos Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Asociación de Alzheimer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Genética Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación de Alzheimer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación de Alzheimer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Bright Focus Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Mal de Chagas <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad de Chagas?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de Chagas, también conocida como tripanosomiasis americana, es una afección que puede causar problemas serios al corazón y estómago. Es una enfermedad <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html">parasitaria</a> común en Latinoamérica, especialmente en áreas rurales y de escasos recursos. También se encuentra en los Estados Unidos, más a menudo en personas que se infectaron antes de llegar al país.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la enfermedad de Chagas?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de Chagas es causada por el parásito <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>. Por lo general, se transmite a través de insectos infectados que chupan la sangre, llamados triatominos. También se conocen como vinchucas (o en ciertas zonas como "chinche gaucha", "chinche besucona", "chupadora", "voladora", "barbeiros" o "chipos") porque a menudo muerden la cara de las personas. Cuando uno de estos insectos pica, deja excrementos infectados. Puede infectarse si se rasca en los ojos o la nariz, la herida de la picadura o un corte.</p> <p>La enfermedad de Chagas también puede propagarse a través de alimentos contaminados, una transfusión de sangre, un órgano donado o de la persona gestante (embarazada) al bebé durante el embarazo.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene mayor probabilidad de tener la enfermedad de Chagas?</h3> <p>Las vinchucas se pueden encontrar en todo el continente americano, pero son más comunes en ciertas áreas. Las personas con mayor riesgo de contraer la enfermedad de Chagas:</p> <ul> <li>Viven en zonas rurales de Latinoamérica</li> <li>Han visto los insectos, especialmente en esas áreas</li> <li>Se han quedado en casas con techo de paja o con paredes con grietas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de Chagas?</h3> <p>Al principio, puede no haber síntomas. Algunas personas tienen síntomas leves, como:</p> <ul> <li>Fiebre</li> <li>Fatiga</li> <li>Dolor de cuerpo</li> <li>Dolor de cabeza</li> <li>Pérdida de apetito</li> <li>Diarrea</li> <li>Vómitos</li> <li>Sarpullido</li> <li>Párpado hinchado</li> </ul> <p>En general, estos primeros síntomas desaparecen. Sin embargo, si no trata la infección, ésta permanece en el cuerpo. Más tarde, puede causar graves problemas intestinales y cardíacos como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Arritmia</a> severa (un problema con el ritmo o los latidos del corazón) que puede causar muerte súbita</li> <li>Corazón agrandado que no bombea sangre bien</li> <li>Problemas con la digestión y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html">evacuación de las heces</a></li> <li>Mayor probabilidad de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">derrame cerebral</a> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de Chagas?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene enfermedad de Chagas, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Hacer un examen físico</li> <li>Preguntar sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo acerca de sus síntomas y dónde ha vivido y viajado</li> <li>Hacer un análisis de sangre para la enfermedad de Chagas</li> <li>Hacer pruebas para ver si la enfermedad ha afectado los intestinos y el corazón</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se trata la enfermedad de Chagas?</h3> <p>Los medicamentos pueden matar al parásito, especialmente al principio. También se pueden tratar los problemas relacionados, por ejemplo, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">marcapasos</a> ayuda con algunas complicaciones cardíacas.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la enfermedad de Chagas?</h3> <p>No existen vacunas o medicamentos para prevenir la enfermedad de Chagas. Si <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html">viaja</a> a zonas afectadas, usted está en mayor riesgo si duerme al aire libre o en viviendas en mala condición. Es importante usar insecticidas para prevenir las picaduras, y la práctica de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html">seguridad con los alimentos</a>.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Chagas Disease Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Enfermedades parasitarias Salud del viajero Chagas, Enfermedad de Chagas, Mal de Mal de Chagas Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Organización Panamericana de la Salud Spanish/Español Mujeres Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Disfunción del nervio peroneo <p>La enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT, por sus siglas en inglés) es un grupo de trastornos nerviosos genéticos. Su nombre se debe a los tres médicos que la identificaron por primera vez. En los Estados Unidos, la CMT afecta aproximadamente a 1 de cada 2.500 personas. </p> <p>La enfermedad CMT afecta los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html">nervios periféricos</a>. Los nervios periféricos conducen las señales de movimiento y de sensaciones entre el cerebro, la médula espinal y el resto del cuerpo. Los síntomas suelen comenzar durante la adolescencia. Los problemas en los pies, tales como el pie arqueado (arco pronunciado) o los dedos en martillo, pueden ser los primeros síntomas. A medida que la CMT avanza, la parte inferior de las piernas puede debilitarse. Más adelante, las manos también pueden debilitarse. </p> <p>Los médicos diagnostican esta enfermedad mediante un examen neurológico, pruebas genéticas o biopsias de los nervios. No existe una cura. La enfermedad puede ser tan leve que no perciba que la tiene o ser lo suficientemente severa para debilitarlo. La fisioterapia, la terapia ocupacional, los aparatos ortopédicos y otros dispositivos y, en algunos casos, la cirugía pueden ayudarlo. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Enfermedad de Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Encefalopatía espongiforme Enfermedad de la vaca loca <p>La enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD, por sus siglas en inglés) es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html">trastorno cerebral degenerativo</a> poco común. Los síntomas suelen comenzar alrededor de los 60 años de edad. Problemas con la memoria, cambios en la conducta, problemas con la vista y la mala coordinación muscular conducen rápidamente hacia la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">demencia</a>, el coma y la muerte. La mayoría de los pacientes muere en el primer año.</p> <p>Existen tres categorías principales de CJD:</p> <ul> <li> CJD esporádica, que ocurre sin ningún motivo conocido</li> <li> CJD hereditaria, que tiene tendencia familiar </li> <li> CJD adquirida, que ocurre por el contacto con tejido infectado, generalmente durante un procedimiento médico </li> </ul> <p>El ganado puede adquirir una enfermedad relacionada con la enfermedad CJD llamada encefalopatía espongiforme bovina o "enfermedad de la vaca loca". Existe preocupación de que las personas adquieran una variante de la CJD por comer carne de animales infectados, pero no hay prueba directa que lo confirme.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Enfermedad de EEB Encefalopatía espongiforme bovina Enfermedad de la vaca loca Vaca loca, Enfermedad de Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad de Crohn?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de Crohn es una enfermedad crónica (de larga duración) que causa inflamación en el tracto digestivo. Puede afectar cualquier parte de este tracto, que va desde su boca hasta su ano. Pero, en general, afecta el intestino delgado y el comienzo del intestino grueso.</p> <p>La enfermedad de Crohn es una enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html">colitis ulcerosa</a> y la colitis microscópica son otros tipos comunes de este trastorno.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la enfermedad de Crohn?</h3> <p>No se conoce la causa de la enfermedad de Crohn. Los investigadores piensan que una reacción autoinmune puede ser una de las causas. Una reacción autoinmune ocurre cuando su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> ataca las células sanas de su cuerpo. La genética también puede tener un rol, ya que la enfermedad de Crohn puede darse en familias.</p> <p>El estrés y el consumo de ciertos alimentos no causan la enfermedad, pero pueden empeorar sus síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener enfermedad de Crohn?</h3> <p>Hay ciertos factores que pueden aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad de Crohn, como:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Antecedentes familiares</strong> de la enfermedad: Tener un padre, un hijo o un hermano con la enfermedad lo pone en mayor riesgo</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a></strong> puede duplicar su riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad de Crohn</li> <li><strong>Ciertos medicamentos</strong> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">píldoras anticonceptivas</a> y <a href="../spanish/painrelievers.html" tid="4060">medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE)</a> como la aspirina o el ibuprofeno: Estos pueden aumentar ligeramente sus posibilidades de desarrollar Crohn</li> <li><strong>Una dieta alta en grasas</strong> también puede aumentar ligeramente su riesgo de enfermedad de Crohn</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de Crohn?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la enfermedad de Crohn pueden variar, dependiendo de dónde y qué tan grave sea su inflamación. Los síntomas más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a></li> <li>Calambres y dolor abdominal</li> <li>Pérdida de peso</li> </ul> <p>Otros posibles síntomas son:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">Anemia</a>: Afección en la que tiene menos glóbulos rojos de lo normal</li> <li>Enrojecimiento o dolor en los ojos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li>Dolor o sensibilidad en las articulaciones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náuseas</a> o pérdida de apetito</li> <li>Cambios en la piel donde aparecen protuberancias rojas y sensibles debajo de la epidermis</li> </ul> <p>El estrés y el consumo de ciertos alimentos, como las bebidas gaseosas y los alimentos ricos en fibra, pueden empeorar los síntomas de algunas personas.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la enfermedad de Crohn?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de Crohn puede causar otros problemas, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html">Obstrucción intestinal</a>: Un bloqueo en el intestino</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fistulas.html">Fístulas</a>: Conexiones anormales entre dos partes dentro del cuerpo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html">Abscesos</a>: Cavidad infectada llenas de pus</li> <li>Fisuras anales: Pequeñas lesiones en el ano que pueden causar picazón, dolor o sangrado</li> <li>Úlceras: Llagas abiertas en la boca, intestinos, ano o perineo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html">Desnutrición</a>: Cuando su cuerpo no obtiene la cantidad adecuada de vitaminas, minerales y nutrientes que necesita</li> <li>Inflamación en otras áreas del cuerpo como articulaciones, ojos y piel</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de Crohn?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Sus antecedentes familiares</li> <li>Un examen físico, incluyendo: <ul> <li>Verificar la hinchazón en su abdomen</li> <li>Escuchar sonidos dentro de su abdomen usando un estetoscopio</li> <li>Golpear suavemente su abdomen para verificar la sensibilidad y el dolor y para ver si su hígado o bazo está anormal o agrandado</li> </ul> </li> <li>Varias pruebas, incluyendo: <ul> <li>Análisis de sangre y heces</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">Colonoscopía</a></li> <li>Endoscopía digestiva alta: Procedimiento en el cual su proveedor utiliza un endoscopio para observar dentro de su boca, esófago, estómago e intestino delgado</li> <li>Pruebas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">diagnóstico por imágenes</a> como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> o una serie gastrointestinal superior: Una serie gastrointestinal superior utiliza un líquido especial llamado bario y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">rayos X</a>. Tomar el bario hará que su tracto gastrointestinal superior se vea mejor en una radiografía</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad de Crohn?</h3> <p>No hay cura para la enfermedad de Crohn, pero los tratamientos pueden disminuir la inflamación de los intestinos, aliviar los síntomas y prevenir complicaciones. Los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos, reposo intestinal y cirugía. Ningún tratamiento único funciona para todos los pacientes. Usted y su profesional de la salud pueden trabajar juntos para determinar el mejor tratamiento para usted:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Los medicamentos</strong> para el Crohn incluyen varias medicinas que disminuyen la inflamación. Muchos de estos medicamentos lo logran al bajar la actividad de su sistema inmunitario. Ciertos medicamentos también pueden ayudar con los síntomas o complicaciones, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> y medicamentos antidiarreicos. Si su Crohn causa una infección, es posible que necesite antibióticos</li> <li><strong>Reposo intestinal</strong> significa beber solo ciertos líquidos o no comer ni beber nada. Esto permite que sus intestinos descansen. Es posible que deba reposar si sus síntomas son graves. Los nutrientes se obtienen al beber un líquido, o a través de una sonda de alimentación o una sonda intravenosa. Es posible que para ello deba permanecer en el hospital, o hacerlo en casa. Puede durar desde unos pocos días o hasta varias semanas</li> <li><strong>La cirugía</strong> puede tratar complicaciones y reducir los síntomas cuando otros tratamientos no ayudan lo suficiente. La operación implica la extracción de la parte dañada de su tracto digestivo para resolver: <ul> <li>Fístulas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">Sangrado</a> potencialmente mortal</li> <li>Obstrucciones intestinales</li> <li>Efectos secundarios de los medicamentos cuando amenazan su salud</li> <li>Síntomas que no mejoran con los medicamentos</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Cambiar su dieta puede ayudar a reducir los síntomas. Su proveedor puede recomendarle que realice cambios en su dieta, como:</p> <ul> <li>Evitar las bebidas carbonatadas</li> <li>Evitar las palomitas de maíz, cáscaras de vegetales, nueces y otros alimentos ricos en fibra</li> <li>Beber más líquidos</li> <li>Consumir comidas más pequeñas con más frecuencia</li> <li>Llevar un diario de alimentos para ayudar a identificar los alimentos que causan problemas</li> </ul> <p>En algunos casos, su profesional de la salud puede pedirle que siga una dieta especial, como una que sea:</p> <ul> <li>Alta en calorías</li> <li>Sin lactosa</li> <li>Baja en grasa</li> <li>Baja en fibra</li> <li>Baja en sal</li> </ul> <p>Si no absorbe suficientes nutrientes, es posible que necesite tomar suplementos nutricionales y vitaminas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Crohn's Disease Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Colitis ulcerativa Enfermedades del colon Crohn, Enfermedad de Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal Intestino, Enfermedad inflamatoria Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Anemia causada por drepanocitos Anemia drepanocítica Anemia falciforme Enfermedad de células falciformes Enfermedad de la hemoglobina SS (Hb SS) <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad de células falciformes?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de células falciformes es un grupo de trastornos hereditarios de los glóbulos rojos. Si la tiene, hay un problema con su hemoglobina. La hemoglobina es una proteína en los glóbulos rojos que transporta el oxígeno por todo el cuerpo. En la enfermedad de células falciformes, la hemoglobina tiene forma de barras rígidas dentro de los glóbulos rojos. Esto cambia la forma de los glóbulos rojos. Se supone que las células tienen forma de disco, pero en cambio tienen forma de medialuna o de hoz.</p> <p>Las células en forma de hoz no son flexibles y no pueden cambiar de forma fácilmente. Muchas de ellas se rompen al movilizarse a través de sus vasos sanguíneos. Las células falciformes por lo general solo duran de 10 a 20 días, en lugar de los 90 a 120 días normales. Su cuerpo puede tener problemas para crear suficientes células nuevas para reemplazar las que perdió. Por ello, es posible que no tenga suficientes glóbulos rojos. A esto se le llama anemia y puede hacer que se sienta cansado.</p> <p>Las células en forma de hoz también pueden atascarse a las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos, causando un bloqueo que hace más lento o detiene el flujo de sangre. Cuando esto sucede, el oxígeno no puede llegar a los tejidos cercanos. La falta de oxígeno puede causar ataques de dolor repentino y severo, llamados crisis de dolor. Estos ataques pueden ocurrir sin previo aviso. Si sufre alguno, es posible que deba ir al hospital para recibir tratamiento.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la enfermedad de células falciformes?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de células falciformes es causada por una variante (cambio) en un gen que contiene instrucciones para la producción de una parte de la hemoglobina. A veces, este gen modificado se conoce como gen de células falciformes (rasgo drepanocítico). Las personas con la enfermedad nacen con dos genes de células falciformes, uno de cada progenitor. </p> <p>Si nace con un gen de células falciformes, se llama rasgo de células falciformes. Las personas con rasgo de células falciformes generalmente son saludables, pero pueden transmitir el gen defectuoso a sus hijos.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener enfermedad de células falciformes?</h3> <p>En los Estados Unidos, la mayoría de las personas con enfermedad de células falciformes son afroamericanos:</p> <ul> <li>Cerca de uno de cada 13 bebés afrodescendientes nace con rasgo drepanocítico</li> <li>Cerca de uno de cada 365 niños afrodescendientes nace con la enfermedad de células falciformes</li> </ul> <p>La enfermedad de células falciformes también afecta a algunas personas que ascendencia hispana, del sur de Europa, del Medio Oriente o de la India.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de células falciformes?</h3> <p>Las personas con enfermedad de células falciformes comienzan a tener signos de la enfermedad durante el primer año de vida, por lo general alrededor de los cinco o seis meses de edad. Los primeros síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Hinchazón dolorosa de las manos y los pies</li> <li>Fatiga o irritabilidad por la anemia</li> <li>Un color amarillento de la piel (ictericia) o el blanco de los ojos</li> </ul> <p>Los efectos de la enfermedad de células falciformes varían de persona a persona y pueden cambiar con el tiempo. La mayoría de sus signos y síntomas están relacionados con complicaciones de la enfermedad. Pueden incluir dolor intenso, anemia, daño de órganos e infecciones.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de células falciformes?</h3> <p>Un examen de sangre puede mostrar si tiene enfermedad de células falciformes o rasgo drepanocítico. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">pruebas genéticas</a> pueden determinar si tiene una o dos copias del gen de la enfermedad de células falciformes. Las pruebas genéticas pueden ayudar a confirmar el diagnóstico si los resultados de los análisis de sangre no son claros.</p> <p>En la actualidad, todos los estados realizan pruebas a los recién nacidos para detectar enfermedad de células falciformes (así como muchas otras afecciones tratables) como parte de sus programas de detección. Estos programas ayudan a detectar las afecciones de manera temprana, para que se pueda iniciar el tratamiento de inmediato.</p> <p>Los profesionales de la salud también pueden diagnosticar enfermedad de células falciformes antes de que nazca un bebé. La prueba usa una muestra de líquido amniótico (el líquido en el saco que rodea al bebé) o tejido extraído de la placenta (el órgano que aporta oxígeno y nutrientes al bebé).</p> <p>Las personas que están pensando en tener hijos pueden hacerse la prueba para averiguar qué tan probable es que sus hijos tengan enfermedad de células falciformes.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad de células falciformes?</h3> <p>Existen muchas maneras de controlar la enfermedad de células falciformes. Es probable que su equipo médico incluya un hematólogo, un especialista en enfermedades de la sangre. Usted trabajará con su equipo médico para establecer un plan de tratamiento. Las posibles opciones de tratamiento pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Tratamientos para ayudar a aliviar y disminuir los síntomas, incluyendo: <ul> <li>Hidroxiurea: Medicamento para ayudar a evitar la deformación de los glóbulos rojos. Esto puede ayudar a prevenir los síntomas graves de la enfermedad de células falciformes. Este medicamento se puede utilizar en adultos y niños a partir de los nueve meses de edad. Pero no es seguro durante el embarazo</li> <li>Voxelotor: Otro medicamento para prevenir que cambien de forma los glóbulos rojos. Se puede usar en adultos y niños a partir de los cuatro años de edad</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">Analgésicos</a> para el dolor agudo o crónico</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">Antibióticos</a> para tratar de prevenir infecciones en niños más pequeños</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">Transfusiones de sangre</a> para la anemia severa. Si ha tenido algunas complicaciones graves, como un accidente cerebrovascular, es posible que tenga transfusiones para evitar más complicaciones</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Otros tratamientos para complicaciones específicas, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicamentos para bajar la presión arterial</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a> para tratar una deficiencia de vitaminas.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">Trasplante de médula ósea</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html">células madre</a>: Pueden curar la afección. Debido a que estos trasplantes son riesgosos y pueden tener efectos secundarios graves, generalmente solo se usan en niños con enfermedad de células falciformes grave. Para que el trasplante funcione, la médula ósea debe ser muy compatible. En general, el mejor donante es un hermano o una hermana</li> <li>Terapias genéticas para tratar la enfermedad de células falciformes en personas de 12 años o mayores que han tenido crisis falciformes repetidas: Estas nuevas terapias implican tomar algunas de las células madre sanguíneas y agregarles ADN nuevo o cambiar el ADN existente. Luego, se suministran estas células modificadas, las que pueden producir un tipo de hemoglobina sana. Esto puede reducir las complicaciones de la enfermedad de células falciformes, incluyendo las crisis</li> </ul> <p>Algunos tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">medicina complementaria y alternativa</a> parecen ayudar a algunas personas a lidiar con el dolor causado por la enfermedad de células falciformes. Estos tipos de tratamientos pueden reducir el dolor, especialmente si no se controla bien con medicamentos:</p> <ul> <li>Terapia cognitivo-conductual (un tipo de consejería)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html">Acupuntura</a></li> <li>Programas de ejercicio o movimiento, como yoga</li> <li>Masajes</li> <li>Prácticas de meditación y atención plena</li> <li>Realidad virtual, un entorno tridimensional generado por computadora que se puede ver con gafas especiales</li> </ul> <p>También es importante tomar medidas para mantenerse lo más sano posible:</p> <ul> <li>Recibir atención médica regular</li> <li>Obtenga las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html">vacunas</a> recomendadas</li> <li>Tener un estilo de vida saludable</li> <li>Evitar situaciones que puedan desencadenar una crisis de dolor</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Genética y defectos congénitos Sickle Cell Disease Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Anemia drepanocítica Anemia falciforme Falciforme, Enfermedad de Spanish/Español Niños/as Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Genética Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Genética Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Spanish/Español Estudios clínicos Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Genética Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Genética Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>La enfermedad de Gaucher es una enfermedad hereditaria poco frecuente en donde una persona no tiene una cantidad suficiente de una enzima llamada glucocerebrosidasa. Esto causa una acumulación de sustancias grasosas en el bazo, hígado, pulmones, huesos y, a veces, en el cerebro. </p> <p>Existen tres tipos:</p><ul> <li> Tipo 1: Esta es la forma más común y causa un agrandamiento del hígado y el bazo, dolor y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturas</a> (huesos rotos) y, a veces, problemas en los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">pulmones</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">riñones</a>. No afecta al cerebro. Puede ocurrir a cualquier edad </li> <li> Tipo 2: Este tipo causa daño cerebral grave y aparece en recién nacidos. La mayoría de los niños fallece antes de los dos años </li> <li> Tipo 3: En este tipo puede haber agrandamiento del hígado y bazo. El cerebro se ve afectado poco a poco. En general, comienza en la niñez o adolescencia </li> </ul> <p>La enfermedad de Gaucher no tiene cura. Las opciones de tratamiento para los tipos 1 y 3 incluyen medicinas y terapia de sustitución de las hormonas, que suele ser muy eficaz. No hay un buen tratamiento para el daño cerebral causado en los tipos 2 y 3. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Genética y defectos congénitos Problemas del metabolismo Gaucher Disease Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Gaucher, Enfermedad de Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Alianza Genética PDF NIH <p>La enfermedad de Huntington es una enfermedad hereditaria que provoca el desgaste de algunas células nerviosas del cerebro. Las personas nacen con el gen defectuoso pero los síntomas no aparecen hasta después de los 30 o 40 años. Los síntomas iniciales de esta enfermedad pueden incluir movimientos descontrolados, torpeza y problemas de equilibrio. Más adelante, puede impedir caminar, hablar y tragar. Algunas personas dejan de reconocer a sus familiares. Otros están concientes de lo que los rodea y pueden expresar sus emociones. </p> <p>Si uno de sus padres tiene la enfermedad de Huntington, usted tiene un 50% de posibilidades de tenerla. Un análisis de sangre puede indicar si tiene el gen de la enfermedad y si la desarrollará. La consejería genética puede ayudarlo a evaluar los riesgos y los beneficios de someterse al análisis. </p> <p>No existe una cura. Hay medicinas que pueden ayudarlo a controlar algunos síntomas, pero no pueden retrasar ni detener la enfermedad. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Huntington's Disease Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Enfermedades neurodegenerativas Trastornos del movimiento Huntington, Enfermedad de Más información Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad de Kawasaki?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de Kawasaki es una afección rara que en general ataca a niños pequeños. También se conoce como síndrome de Kawasaki y síndrome de ganglios linfáticos mucocutáneos. Es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html">vasculitis</a>, o inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos. La enfermedad de Kawasaki es grave, pero la mayoría de los niños pueden recuperarse por completo si son tratados de inmediato. </p> <h3>¿Qué causa la enfermedad de Kawasaki?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de Kawasaki ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario ataca a los vasos sanguíneos por error. Los investigadores no saben completamente la razón de esto. Pero cuando ocurre, los vasos sanguíneos se inflaman y pueden estrecharse o cerrarse. </p> <p>La genética puede tener un rol en la enfermedad de Kawasaki. También puede haber factores ambientales, como infecciones. No parece ser contagiosa, lo que significa que no se puede transmitir de un niño a otro. </p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener la enfermedad de Kawasaki?</h3> <p>En general, la enfermedad de Kawasaki afecta a niños menores de 5 años. Pero los niños mayores y los adultos a veces pueden contraerla. Es más común en niños que en niñas. Puede afectar a menores de cualquier raza, pero aquellos con descendencia de Asia o de las islas del Pacífico tienen más probabilidades de tenerla. </p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de Kawasaki?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la enfermedad de Kawasaki pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a> alta que dura al menos cinco días</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">Sarpullido</a>, a menudo en la espalda, el pecho y la ingle</li> <li>Manos y pies hinchados</li> <li>Enrojecimiento de los labios, revestimiento de la boca, lengua, palmas de las manos y plantas de los pies</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinkeye.html">Conjuntivitis</a></li> <li>Ganglios linfáticos inflamados en el cuello</li> </ul> <p>Hable con el profesional de la salud de su hijo si tiene fiebre durante 4 días, especialmente si tiene otros síntomas de la enfermedad de Kawasaki.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la enfermedad de Kawasaki?</h3> <p>En ocasiones, la enfermedad de Kawasaki puede afectar las paredes de las arterias coronarias. Estas arterias brindan sangre y oxígeno a su corazón. Esto puede provocar:</p><ul> <li>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html">aneurisma</a> (abultamiento y adelgazamiento de las paredes de las arterias): Esto puede aumentar el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulos sanguíneos</a> en las arterias. Si no se tratan los coágulos de sangre, podrían provocar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardíaco</a> o una hemorragia interna</li> <li>Inflamación en el corazón</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html">Problemas de la válvula cardíaca</a></li> </ul> <p>La enfermedad de Kawasaki también puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo, incluyendo el cerebro y el sistema nervioso, el sistema inmunitario y el sistema digestivo. </p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de Kawasaki?</h3> <p>No existe una prueba específica para la enfermedad de Kawasaki. Para saber si su hijo tiene la enfermedad de Kawasaki, el profesional de la salud de su hijo:</p><ul> <li>Puede realizar un examen físico, incluyendo observar sus signos y síntomas</li> <li>Probablemente solicite un análisis de sangre y orina para descartar otras enfermedades y detectar signos de inflamación </li> <li>Puede solicitar otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">pruebas</a> para detectar daños en el corazón, como un ecocardiograma y un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/">electrocardiograma</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad de Kawasaki?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de Kawasaki generalmente se trata en el hospital con una dosis intravenosa de anticuerpos de inmunoglobulina. Los anticuerpos son proteínas que produce el sistema inmunitario para combatir las infecciones. </p> <p>La aspirina también puede ser parte del tratamiento. Pero no le dé aspirina a su hijo a menos que el profesional de la salud se lo indique. La aspirina puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reyesyndrome.html">síndrome de Reye</a> en niños. Esta es una enfermedad rara y grave que puede afectar el cerebro y el hígado.</p> <p>En general, el tratamiento funciona. Pero si no funciona lo suficientemente bien, el profesional de la salud también puede darle a su hijo otros medicamentos para combatir la inflamación. Si la enfermedad afecta el corazón de su hijo, podría necesitar medicamentos adicionales, cirugía u otros procedimientos médicos.</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Piel, cabello y uñas Sistema inmunitario Kawasaki Disease Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Vasculitis Kawasaki, Enfermedad Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Arterioesclerosis coronaria <p>La enfermedad de las arterias coronarias (EAC) es el tipo más común de enfermedad cardiaca. Es la principal causa de muerte entre los hombres y las mujeres en los Estados Unidos.</p> <p>La EAC ocurre cuando las arterias que suministran la sangre al músculo cardíaco se endurecen y se estrechan. Esto se debe a la acumulación de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> y otros materiales llamados placa en la capa interna de las paredes de la arteria. Esta acumulación se llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">arterioesclerosis</a>. A medida que esta avanza, fluye menos sangre a través de las arterias. Como consecuencia, el músculo cardíaco no puede recibir la sangre o el oxígeno que necesita. Eso puede conducir a dolor en el pecho (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html">angina</a>) o a un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">infarto</a>. La mayoría de los infartos ocurren cuando un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulo</a> súbitamente interrumpe el suministro de sangre al corazón, causando un daño cardíaco permanente. </p> <p>Con el tiempo, la EAC también puede debilitar el músculo cardíaco y contribuir a la presencia de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">insuficiencia cardiaca</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">arritmias</a>. Insuficiencia cardiaca significa que el corazón no puede bombear la sangre adecuadamente al resto del cuerpo. Las arritmias son cambios en el ritmo normal del corazón.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Personas mayores Sangre, corazón y circulación Coronary Artery Disease Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Angina de pecho Ataque al corazón Ateroesclerosis Bypass de la arteria coronaria Enfermedades del corazón Rehabilitación cardíaca Arterias coronarias, Enfermedad Ecocardiograma Enfermedad arteria coronaria Enfermedad coronaria Isquemia silenciosa Placa vulnerable Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Borrelosis <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad de Lyme?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de Lyme es una infección bacteriana que se contrae por la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tickbites.html">picadura de una garrapata infectada</a>. Al principio, la enfermedad de Lyme generalmente causa síntomas como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">sarpullido</a> en la piel, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">dolor de cabeza</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">fatiga</a>. Pero si no se trata temprano, la infección puede extenderse a las articulaciones, el corazón y el sistema nervioso. El tratamiento inmediato puede ayudarle a recuperarse rápidamente.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la enfermedad de Lyme?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de Lyme es causada por una bacteria. En los Estados Unidos, esta suele ser una bacteria llamada Borrelia burgdorferi. Se propaga a los humanos a través de la picadura de una garrapata infectada, usualmente garrapatas de patas negras (o garrapatas de venado). En general, se encuentran en el:</p> <ul> <li>Noreste</li> <li>Atlántico medio</li> <li> Alto Medio Oeste</li> <li>Costa del Pacífico, especialmente en el norte de California</li> </ul> <p>Estas garrapatas pueden adherirse a cualquier parte de su cuerpo. Pero a menudo se encuentran en áreas difíciles de ver, como la ingle, las axilas y el cuero cabelludo. Por lo general, la garrapata debe estar adherida a usted por más de 24 horas para transmitir la bacteria.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidad de desarrollar la enfermedad de Lyme?</h3> <p>A cualquier persona le puede picar una garrapata. Pero quienes pasan mucho tiempo al aire libre en áreas boscosas y cubiertas de hierba tienen un mayor riesgo. Esto incluye quienes disfrutan del acampar, excursiones y personas que trabajan en jardines y parques.</p> <p>La mayoría de las picaduras de garrapatas ocurren en los meses más cálidos (de abril a septiembre), cuando están más activas y las personas pasan más tiempo al aire libre. Pero también puede ser mordido resto del año, especialmente si las temperaturas son más altas de lo habitual.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de Lyme?</h3> <p>Los primeros síntomas de la enfermedad de Lyme comienzan entre 3 y 30 días después de que una garrapata infectada le pica. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Un sarpullido rojo llamado eritema migratorio: La mayoría de las personas con enfermedad de Lyme presentan esta lesión. Se hace más grande durante varios días y puede sentirse caliente al tacto. Por lo general, no es doloroso ni pica. A medida que comienza a mejorar, algunas partes pueden aclararse. A veces esto hace que la erupción parezca un tiro al blanco</li> <li>Fiebre</li> <li>Escalofríos</li> <li>Dolor de cabeza</li> <li>Fatiga</li> <li>Dolores musculares y articulares</li> <li>Ganglios linfáticos inflamados (glándulas inflamadas)</li> </ul> <p>Si la infección no se trata, puede extenderse a las articulaciones, el corazón y el sistema nervioso. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Dolores de cabeza severos y rigidez en el cuello</li> <li>Más sarpullidos en otras áreas de su cuerpo</li> <li>Parálisis facial: Debilidad en los músculos faciales. Puede causar caída en uno o ambos lados de la cara</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">Artritis</a> con dolor intenso en las articulaciones e hinchazón, especialmente en las rodillas y otras articulaciones grandes</li> <li>Dolor que va y viene en los tendones, músculos, articulaciones y huesos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Palpitaciones</a> del corazón: Sensación de que su corazón se está saltando un latido o latidos demasiado fuertes o rápidos</li> <li>Latido cardíaco irregular (carditis de Lyme)</li> <li>Episodios de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">mareos</a> o dificultad para respirar</li> <li>Inflamación del cerebro y la médula espinal</li> <li>Dolor de los nervios</li> <li>Dolores punzantes, entumecimiento u hormigueo en las manos o los pies</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de Lyme?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud tomará en cuenta:</p> <ul> <li>Sus síntomas</li> <li>Qué tan probable es que haya estado expuesto a garrapatas de patas negras infectadas </li> <li>Qué tan probable es que tenga otras enfermedades que causen síntomas similares</li> <li> Los resultados de cualquier prueba de laboratorio</li> </ul> <p>La mayoría de las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-la-enfermedad-de-lyme/">pruebas para la enfermedad de Lyme</a> buscan anticuerpos producidos por el cuerpo en respuesta a una infección. Estos anticuerpos pueden tardar varias semanas en desarrollarse. Si se hace la prueba de inmediato, es posible que no muestre que tiene la enfermedad de Lyme, incluso si la tiene. Por lo tanto, es posible que deba hacerse otra prueba más tarde.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad de Lyme?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de Lyme se trata con antibióticos. Cuanto antes se trate, mejor, ya que le brinda una buena oportunidad de recuperarse completamente a la brevedad.</p> <p>Después del tratamiento, algunos pacientes aún pueden presentar dolor, fatiga o dificultad para pensar que dura más de seis meses, lo que se conoce como síndrome posterior a la enfermedad de Lyme. Los investigadores no saben por qué algunas personas presentan este síndrome. No existe un tratamiento comprobado para esta afección ni se ha demostrado que los antibióticos a largo plazo ayuden. Sin embargo, hay formas de aliviar sus síntomas. Si ha recibido tratamiento para la enfermedad de Lyme y aún no se siente bien, hable con su profesional de la salud para averiguar cómo manejar sus síntomas. La mayoría de las personas mejora con el tiempo, pero pueden pasar varios meses antes de que se sienta mejor.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la enfermedad de Lyme?</h3> <p>Para prevenir la enfermedad de Lyme, debe reducir el riesgo de contraer una picadura de garrapata al:</p> <ul> <li>Evitar las áreas donde viven las garrapatas, como áreas con césped, arbustos o bosques. Si va de excursión, camine en el centro del sendero para evitar la maleza y el pasto</li> <li>Usar un repelente de insectos registrado por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental (EPA) cuando salga al aire libre. Estos son evaluados para asegurar que sean seguros y eficaces. Asegúrese de que el repelente tenga uno de estos ingredientes: DEET, picaridina, IR3535, aceite de eucalipto de limón o paramentanodiol. Es importante seguir las instrucciones de la etiqueta</li> <li>Tratar su ropa y equipo con un repelente que contenga 0.5% de permetrina</li> <li>Usar ropa protectora de colores claros, para que pueda ver fácilmente cualquier garrapata que pueda tener</li> <li>Usar una prenda de manga larga y pantalones largos. Introduzca la camisa en los pantalones y las piernas de los pantalones en los calcetines</li> <li>Revisarse a si mismo y a sus hijos y mascotas diariamente para buscar garrapatas. Elimine con cuidado las garrapatas que encuentre</li> <li>Ducharse y lavar y secar su ropa a altas temperaturas después de estar al aire libre </li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Lyme Disease Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Picaduras de garrapatas Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos Lyme, Enfermedad de Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>La enfermedad de Ménière es un trastorno del oído interno. Puede causar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">mareo</a> severo, un sonido de rugido en el oído llamado tinnitus, pérdida de la audición que aparece y desaparece y la sensación de presión o dolor en el oído. Suele afectar sólo un oído. Es una causa común de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">sordera</a>. </p> <p>Algunas personas que sufren de la enfermedad de Ménière tienen ataques. Estos pueden ocurrir sin aviso o luego de un corto período donde la persona sufrió de tinnitus o sintió presión o dolor en el oído afectado. Algunas personas tienen solo un ataque de vértigo de vez en cuando y otras pueden tener ataques más frecuentemente durante varios días. Otras personas con la enfermedad tiene ataques tan fuertes donde el mareo es tan intenso que pierden el equilibrio y se caen. </p> <p>Los científicos todavía no conocen la causa. Se cree que tiene que ver con los niveles o la mezcla de líquidos en los canales del oído interno. Los doctores diagnostican esta enfermedad basándose en un examen físico y los síntomas. Una prueba de audición puede examinar cuán afectada esta su audición. </p> <p>No existe una cura. Se puede controlar la enfermedad con medicamentos para el mareo, limitando la sal en su dieta y tomando diuréticos (pastillas que ayudan al cuerpo a eliminar los líquidos adicionales). La inserción de un aparato en el oído externo que impulsa aire al oído medio puede ayudar. Los casos severos pueden requerir cirugía. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación </p> Oído, nariz y garganta Meniere's Disease Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Ménière, Enfermedad de Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH EOPC EPOC <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica o enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un grupo de enfermedades pulmonares que dificultan la respiración y empeoran con el tiempo. </p> <p>Normalmente, las vías respiratorias y los alvéolos pulmonares son elásticos o se estiran. Al inhalar, las vías respiratorias llevan aire a estos saquitos. Estos se llenan de aire, como un pequeño globo. Al exhalar, los saquitos se desinflan y sale el aire. Si tiene EPOC, fluye menos aire dentro y fuera de sus vías respiratorias debido a uno o más problemas:</p><ul> <li> Las vías respiratorias y los alvéolos pulmonares se vuelven menos elásticos</li> <li>Las paredes entre muchos de los saquitos se destruyen</li> <li>Las paredes de las vías aéreas se engrosan e inflaman</li> <li>Las vías respiratorias producen más mucosidad de lo normal y pueden obstruirse</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de EPOC?</h3> <p>La EPOC tiene dos tipos principales:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html">Enfisema</a>: Afecta a los alvéolos pulmonares, así como las paredes entre ellos. Resultan dañados y son menos elásticos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html">Bronquitis crónica</a>: El revestimiento de las vías respiratorias se irrita e inflama constantemente, lo que produce inflamación y mucosidad</li> </ul> <p>La mayoría de las personas con EPOC tienen enfisema y bronquitis crónica, pero la gravedad de cada tipo puede ser diferente dependiendo de la persona. </p> <h3>¿Qué causa el EPOC?</h3> <p>La causa del EPOC suele ser una larga exposición a irritantes que dañan los pulmones y las vías respiratorias. En los Estados Unidos, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">humo del cigarrillo</a> es la causa principal. La pipa, el cigarro y otros tipos de humo de tabaco también pueden causar EPOC, especialmente si se inhala. </p> <p>La exposición a otros irritantes inhalados puede contribuir al EPOC. Estos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">humo de segunda mano</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html">contaminación del aire</a> y humos o polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo. </p> <p>En raras ocasiones, una condición genética llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html">deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina</a> puede tener un rol en causar EPOC. </p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de EPOC?</h3> <p> Los factores de riesgo para el EPOC incluyen:</p><ul> <li><strong>Fumar</strong>: El principal factor de riesgo. Hasta el 75% de las personas que tienen EPOC fuman o solían fumar</li> <li><strong>Exposición a largo plazo a otros irritantes pulmonares</strong>: Incluyendo humo de segunda mano, contaminación del aire y humos y polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo</li> <li><strong>Edad</strong>: La mayoría de las personas con EPOC tiene al menos 40 años cuando comienzan sus síntomas</li> <li><strong>Genética</strong>: Esto incluye la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina, que es una condición genética. Además, los fumadores con EPOC tienen más probabilidades de tenerla si tienen antecedentes familiares de EPOC</li> <li><strong>Asma</strong>: Las personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">asma</a> tienen más riesgo de desarrollar EPOC que quienes no tienen asma. Pero la mayoría de las personas con asma no tendrán EPOC</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de EPOC?</h3> <p>Es posible que en el comienzo no presente síntomas o sean solo leves. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, sus síntomas generalmente se vuelven más severos. Pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a> frecuente o tos que produce mucha mucosidad </li> <li>Sibilancias</li> <li>Un silbido o chirrido cuando respira </li> <li>Falta de aliento, especialmente si hace actividad física</li> <li>Sensación de presión en el pecho</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas con EPOC contraen infecciones respiratorias frecuentes, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfriados </a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a>. En casos severos, la EPOC puede causar pérdida de peso, debilidad en los músculos inferiores e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html">hinchazón </a> en los tobillos, pies o piernas. </p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la EPOC?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:</p><ul> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas </li> <li>Sus antecedentes familiares</li> <li>Varias pruebas de laboratorio, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">pruebas de función pulmonar</a>, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografía </a> de tórax o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> y análisis de sangre</li> </ul> <p>Su médico diagnosticará EPOC según sus signos y síntomas, sus antecedentes médicos y familiares; y los resultados de sus pruebas. </p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la EPOC?</h3> <p>No hay cura para la EPOC, pero el tratamiento pueden ayudar con los síntomas, retrasar el progreso de la enfermedad y mejorar su capacidad de mantenerse activo. También hay tratamientos para prevenir o tratar las complicaciones de la enfermedad. Los tratamientos incluyen:</p><ul> <li><strong>Cambios en el estilo de vida</strong>, como:</li> <ul> <li>Si es fumador, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar de fumar</a> es lo más importante que puede hacer para tratar la EPOC</li> <li>Evitar el humo de segunda mano y los lugares donde podría respirar otros irritantes pulmonares</li> <li>Pídale a su profesional de la salud un plan de alimentación que satisfaga sus necesidades nutricionales. También pregunte cuánta actividad física puede hacer. La actividad física puede fortalecer los músculos que lo ayudan a respirar y mejorar su bienestar general</li> </ul> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong>, como:</li> <ul> <li>Broncodilatadores: Relajan los músculos alrededor de las vías respiratorias. Esto ayuda a abrirlas y facilita la respiración. La mayoría de los broncodilatadores usan un inhalador. En casos más severos, el inhalador también puede contener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a> para reducir la inflamación</li> <li>Vacunas contra la gripe y la neumonía neumocócica: Las personas con EPOC tienen un mayor riesgo de sufrir problemas graves por estas enfermedades</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">Antibióticos</a> si tiene una infección pulmonar bacteriana</li> </ul> <li><strong>Terapia de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">oxígeno</a></strong>: Se usa si tiene EPOC severa y bajos niveles de oxígeno en la sangre. La oxigenoterapia puede ayudarle a respirar mejor. Es posible que necesite oxígeno adicional todo el tiempo o solo en ciertos momentos</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">Rehabilitación pulmonar</a></strong>: Programa que ayuda a mejorar el bienestar de las personas que tienen problemas respiratorios crónicos. Puede incluir:</li> <ul> <li>Un programa de ejercicios</li> <li>Entrenamiento en manejo de enfermedades</li> <li>Asesoramiento nutricional</li> <li>Consejería psicológica</li> </ul> <li><strong>Cirugía</strong>: En general se utiliza como último recurso para personas que tienen síntomas graves que no han mejorado con medicamentos:</li> <ul> <li>Para la EPOC que se relaciona principalmente con el enfisema, hay cirugías que: <ul> <li>Eliminan el tejido pulmonar dañado</li> <li>Eliminan los espacios aéreos grandes (ampollas) que pueden formarse cuando se destruyen los saquitos aéreos. Estas ampollas pueden interferir con la respiración</li> </ul> </li><li>Someterse a un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html">trasplante de pulmón</a>: Esto podría ser una opción si tiene EPOC muy severa</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Si tiene EPOC, es importante saber cuándo y dónde obtener ayuda para sus síntomas. Debe recibir atención de emergencia si tiene síntomas graves, como dificultad para respirar o hablar. Consulte con su médico si sus síntomas empeoran o si tiene signos de infección, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a>. </p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el enfisema?</h3> <p>Dado que el tabaquismo causa la mayoría de los casos de enfisema, la mejor manera de prevenirlo es no fumar. También es importante tratar de evitar los irritantes pulmonares como el humo de segunda mano, la contaminación del aire, los gases químicos y el polvo. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Personas mayores Pulmón y vías respiratorias COPD Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Asma Bronquitis crónica Enfisema Problemas respiratorios Rehabilitación pulmonar Terapia con oxígeno COPD EPOC Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Personas mayores Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense PDF Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense PDF Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Osteítis deformante <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad de Paget en el hueso?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de Paget en el hueso, también conocida como enfermedad ósea de Paget, es un trastorno óseo crónico. Normalmente, hay un proceso en el cual los huesos se descomponen y luego vuelven a crecer. En la enfermedad de Paget, este proceso es anormal. Hay una descomposición excesiva y un nuevo crecimiento óseo. Debido a que los huesos vuelven a crecer demasiado rápido, son más grandes y más suaves de lo normal. Pueden sufrir deformaciones y quebrarse fácilmente (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturas</a>). En general, la enfermedad de Paget afecta solo uno o pocos huesos.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la enfermedad ósea de Paget?</h3> <p>Los investigadores no saben con certeza qué causa la enfermedad de Paget. Los factores ambientales pueden desempeñar un papel. En algunos casos, se presenta en familias y se han relacionado varios genes con la enfermedad.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de la enfermedad ósea de Paget?</h3> <p>La afección es más común en personas mayores y quienes tienen ascendencia del norte de Europa. Si tiene un pariente cercano con Paget, es mucho más probable que la tenga.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad ósea de Paget?</h3> <p>Muchas personas no saben que tienen Paget, porque a menudo no presenta síntomas. Cuando hay síntomas, son similares a los de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">artritis</a>y otros trastornos. Estos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html">Dolor</a></strong>: Puede deberse al Paget o a la artritis, una complicación de la afección</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">pérdida de audición</a></strong>: Puede ocurrir cuando la enfermedad de Paget afecta el cráneo</li> <li><strong>Presión sobre los nervios</strong>: Puede ocurrir cuando la enfermedad de Paget afecta el cráneo o la columna vertebral</li> <li><strong>Aumento del tamaño de la cabeza, deformidad de una extremidad o curvatura de la columna</strong>: Esto puede suceder en casos avanzados</li> <li><strong>Dolor en la cadera</strong>: Ocurre si afecta la pelvis o el fémur</li> <li><strong>Daño en el cartílago de las articulaciones</strong>, lo que puede provocar artritis</li> </ul> <p>En general, la enfermedad de Paget empeora lentamente con el tiempo. No se propaga a los huesos normales.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la enfermedad ósea de Paget?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de Paget puede provocar otras complicaciones, como:</p> <ul> <li>Artritis: Debido a que los huesos deformados pueden causar un aumento de la presión y un mayor desgaste de las articulaciones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Insuficiencia cardíaca</a>: En la enfermedad grave de Paget, el corazón tiene que trabajar más para bombear sangre a los huesos afectados. La insuficiencia cardíaca es más probable si también tiene endurecimiento de las arterias</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneystones.html">Cálculos renales</a>: Pueden ocurrir cuando la descomposición excesiva del hueso produce un exceso de calcio en el cuerpo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">Problemas del sistema nervioso</a>: Debido a que los huesos pueden causar presión en el cerebro, la médula espinal o los nervios. También puede haber un menor flujo sanguíneo al cerebro y la médula espinal</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonecancer.html">Osteosarcoma</a> (cáncer de hueso)</li> <li>Dientes sueltos: Ocurre si la enfermedad de Paget afecta los huesos de la cara</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Pérdida de la visión</a>: Complicación poco común. Ocurre si la enfermedad de Paget en el cráneo afecta los nervios</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad ósea de Paget?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">Radiografía</a> de los huesos afectados. La enfermedad de Paget casi siempre se diagnostica con rayos X</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/fosfatasa-alcalina/">Análisis de sangre con fosfatasa alcalina</a> </li> <li>Gammagrafía ósea</li> </ul> <p>A veces, la enfermedad se detecta por accidente cuando una de estas pruebas se realiza por otro motivo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad ósea de Paget?</h3> <p>Para evitar complicaciones, es importante encontrar y tratar la enfermedad de Paget temprano. Los tratamientos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong>: Existen varios medicamentos diferentes para tratar la enfermedad de Paget. El tipo más común son los bisfosfonatos. Ayudan a reducir el dolor óseo y detienen o hacen más lento el progreso de la enfermedad</li> <li><strong>Cirugía</strong>: A veces es necesaria para ciertas complicaciones de la enfermedad. Hay operaciones para:</li> <ul> <li>Permitir que las fracturas (huesos rotos) sanen en una mejor posición</li> <li>Reemplazar articulaciones como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneereplacement.html">rodilla</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipreplacement.html">cadera</a> cuando hay artritis severa</li> <li>Realinear un hueso deformado para reducir el dolor en las articulaciones que soportan peso, especialmente las rodillas</li> <li>Reducir la presión sobre un nervio si el agrandamiento del cráneo o las lesiones de la columna afectan el sistema nervioso</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Si bien la dieta y el ejercicio no tratan la enfermedad de Paget, pueden ayudar a mantener los huesos saludables. Si no tiene cálculos renales, debe asegurarse de obtener suficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">vitamina D</a> a través de su dieta y suplementos. Además de mantener huesos sanos, el ejercicio puede prevenir el aumento de peso y mantener la movilidad de sus articulaciones. Hable con su profesional de la salud antes de comenzar un nuevo programa de ejercicios. Debe asegurarse de que la actividad física no ejerza demasiada presión sobre los huesos afectados.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Paget's Disease of Bone Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Paget en el hueso, Enfermedad de Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Mal de Parkinson Parkinson Parkinsonismo Parálisis con temblor <p>La enfermedad de Parkinson es un tipo de trastorno del movimiento. Ocurre cuando las células nerviosas (neuronas) no producen suficiente cantidad de una sustancia química importante en el cerebro conocida como dopamina. Algunos casos son genéticos pero la mayoría no parece darse entre miembros de una misma familia. </p> <p>Los síntomas comienzan lentamente, en general, en un lado del cuerpo. Luego afectan ambos lados. Algunos son:</p><ul> <li> Temblor en las manos, los brazos, las piernas, la mandíbula y la cara </li> <li> Rigidez en los brazos, las piernas y el tronco </li> <li> Lentitud de los movimientos </li> <li> Problemas de equilibrio y coordinación </li> </ul> <p>A medida que los síntomas empeoran, las personas con la enfermedad pueden tener dificultades para caminar o hacer labores simples. También pueden tener problemas como depresión, trastornos del sueño o dificultades para masticar, tragar o hablar. </p> <p> No existe un examen de diagnóstico para esta enfermedad. Los doctores usan el historial del paciente y un examen neurológico para diagnosticarlo. </p> <p> La enfermedad de Parkinson suele comenzar alrededor de los 60 años, pero puede aparecer antes. Es mucho más común entre los hombres que entre las mujeres. No existe una cura para la enfermedad de Parkinson. Existen diversas medicinas que a veces ayudan a mejorar enormemente los síntomas. En casos severos, una cirugía y estimulación cerebral profunda (electrodos implantados en el cerebro que envían pulsos para estimular las partes del cerebro que controlan el movimiento) pueden ayudar. </p> <p class=""> NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Personas mayores Cerebro y nervios Parkinson's Disease Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Trastornos del movimiento Mal de Parkinson Parkinson, Enfermedad de Parálisis agitante Síntomas Spanish/Español Fundación para el Parkinson Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación para el Parkinson Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación para el Parkinson PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación para el Parkinson Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación para el Parkinson PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación para el Parkinson Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación para el Parkinson Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación para el Parkinson Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación para el Parkinson <p>La enfermedad de Tay-Sachs es un trastorno hereditario poco común. Causa la acumulación de una sustancia grasosa en el cerebro. Esta acumulación destruye las neuronas y causa problemas físicos y mentales. </p> <p>Los recién nacidos con la enfermedad de Tay-Sachs parecen desarrollarse normalmente durante los primeros meses de vida. Luego, las capacidades mentales y físicas se van deteriorando. El niño pierde la vista, la audición y no puede tragar. Los músculos empiezan a atrofiarse y se produce una parálisis. Aún con los mejores cuidados, los niños con la enfermedad de Tay-Sachs suelen morir antes de los cuatro años.</p> <p>La causa es una mutación de un gen que es común entre los judíos askenazíes de Europa oriental. Para desarrollar la enfermedad, ambos padres deben tener el gen. Si lo tienen, hay un 25% de probabilidades que los menores desarrollen la enfermedad. Un análisis de sangre y un test prenatal puede determinar si se tiene el gen o la enfermedad. </p> <p>No existe una cura. Las medicinas y una buena nutrición pueden ayudar con algunos síntomas. Algunos niños necesitan de sondas para alimentarse.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Tay-Sachs Disease Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Tay-Sachs, Enfermedad de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) es una enfermedad rara que causa tumores y quistes en el cuerpo. Pueden crecer en el cerebro y la médula espinal, los riñones, el páncreas, las glándulas suprarrenales y el tracto reproductivo. En general, los tumores son benignos (no cancerosos). Pero algunos tumores, como los del riñón y el páncreas, pueden volverse cancerosos.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) es una enfermedad genética. Se hereda, lo que significa que se transmite de padres a hijos.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la VHL dependen del tamaño y la ubicación de los tumores. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolores de cabeza</a></li> <li>Problemas con el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html">equilibrio</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/walkingproblems.html">caminar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a></li> <li>Debilidad de las extremidades</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Problemas de la visión</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial alta</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)?</h3> <p>La detección y el tratamiento temprano de la VHL es importante. Su proveedor de atención médica puede sospechar que tiene VHL si tiene ciertos patrones de quistes y tumores. Hay una prueba genética para VHL. Si tiene el gen, necesitará otras pruebas, incluyendo pruebas de imágenes, para buscar tumores y quistes.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)?</h3> <p>El tratamiento puede variar, dependiendo de la ubicación y el tamaño de los tumores y quistes. Por lo general, implica cirugía. Ciertos tumores pueden tratarse con radioterapia. El objetivo es tratar los tumores mientras son pequeños y antes de que causen un daño permanente. Necesitará un monitoreo cuidadoso por parte de un médico y/o equipo médico familiarizado con la enfermedad.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Genética y defectos congénitos Von Hippel-Lindau Disease Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares von Hippel-Lindau, Enfermedad Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Hospital de Investigación sobre Niños St. Jude Degeneración hepatolenticular <p>La enfermedad de Wilson es un trastorno hereditario poco frecuente que hace que el organismo no pueda deshacerse del cobre adicional. El cuerpo necesita un poco de cobre para mantenerse sano pero tener demasiado puede ser tóxico. </p> <p>Normalmente, el hígado libera el cobre que no necesita en la bilis, un líquido digestivo. En personas con la enfermedad de Wilson, el cobre es liberado directamente en el torrente sanguíneo. Esto puede dañar el cerebro, los riñones y los ojos. </p> <p>La enfermedad está presente al nacer pero los síntomas comienzan entre los 5 y 35 años de edad. El trastorno empieza afectando al hígado, el sistema nervioso central o ambos al mismo tiempo. El síntoma más característico es la presencia de un anillo color marrón alrededor de la córnea del ojo. Se puede diagnosticar con un análisis físico y exámenes de laboratorio. </p> <p>El tratamiento consiste en medicamentos que eliminan el cobre adicional del cuerpo. Las personas que sufren de esta enfermedad deberán tomar medicamentos y seguir una dieta baja en cobre de por vida. Las comidas con altos niveles de cobre que se deben evitar son moluscos e hígado. Al comienzo del tratamiento, también se deben evitar el chocolate, los hongos y las nueces o frutas secas. Además habrá que hacer un análisis de cobre del agua de la casa y no tomar vitaminas que contengan este metal. </p> <p>Con una detección temprana y un tratamiento adecuado, las personas con enfermedad de Wilson pueden gozar de buena salud. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Problemas del metabolismo Wilson Disease Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Wilson, Enfermedad de Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>La enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es causada por un virus. Este virus es un coronavirus llamado SARS-COV-2. Se propaga cuando una persona con la infección expulsa gotitas y partículas muy pequeñas que contienen el virus. En esta página encontrará enlaces con información importante sobre síntomas, riesgos y cómo puede protegerse usted y su familia.</p> <p>También tenemos temas de salud sobre:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19testing.html">Pruebas para el COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19vaccines.html">Vacunas contra el COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="../spanish/postcovidconditionslongcovid.html" tid="7808">Afecciones posteriores al COVID-19 (COVID-19 persistente)</a></li> </ul> Infecciones Pulmón y vías respiratorias COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Afecciones posteriores al COVID-19 (COVID-19 persistente) Pruebas para el COVID-19 Vacunas contra el COVID-19 Respiratorio agudo severo, Síndrome SARS SRAG Síndrome respiratorio agudo y grave Spanish/Español Síntomas Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Mujeres Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Infografía Legionelosis Neumonía por Legionella <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad del legionario?</h3> <p>La enfermedad del legionario es un tipo grave de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a> causada por la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">bacteria</a> <em>Legionella</em>. La enfermedad recibió su nombre cuando un grupo de personas en una convención de la Legión Americana se enfermaron con este tipo de neumonía.</p> <p>La <em>Legionella</em> se encuentra naturalmente en agua dulce, como lagos y ríos. También se puede encontrar en el suelo. Pero normalmente las personas sólo se enferman cuando crece y se propaga en sistemas de agua artificiales. Estos sistemas pueden incluir jacuzzis, fuentes y sistemas de plomería de edificios grandes, como hoteles o residencias de personas mayores.</p> <p>La <em>Legionella</em> también puede causar fiebre de Pontiac. Esta es una enfermedad más leve, parecida a la gripe, que no infecta los pulmones.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la enfermedad del legionario?</h3> <p>Usted puede contraer la infección al respirar el rocío o pequeñas gotas de agua que contienen la bacteria. El rocío puede provenir de jacuzzis, duchas o unidades de aire acondicionado de edificios grandes.</p> <p>En general, no se puede infectar al beber agua con la bacteria, a menos que la aspire (inspirar accidentalmente el agua hacia sus pulmones). Las bacterias no se transmiten de persona a persona. Los brotes de enfermedades ocurren cuando muchas personas están expuestas a la misma fuente de agua que contiene la bacteria.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener la enfermedad del legionario?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas sanas que entran en contacto con la bacteria no se enferman. Es más probable que desarrolle una infección si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene más de 50 años</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fuma</a> o ha fumado</li> <li>Tiene una enfermedad crónica (de larga duración) como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">insuficiencia renal</a></li> <li>Tiene una enfermedad pulmonar crónica como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">EPOC</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html">enfisema</a></li> <li>Tiene un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario debilitado</a> por una enfermedad como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a>, o está tomando medicamentos que inhiben su sistema inmunitario</li> <li>Vive en un centro de atención a largo plazo</li> <li>Ha estado recientemente en un hospital o ha tenido una cirugía que requirió <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anesthesia.html">anestesia</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad del legionario?</h3> <p>Los síntomas suelen aparecer entre dos y 14 días después de haber estado expuesto a la bacteria <em>Legionella</em>. La mayoría de los síntomas son similares a los de otros tipos de neumonía. Pero la enfermedad del legionario también puede causar síntomas gastrointestinales y cambios mentales.</p> <p>Los síntomas de la enfermedad del legionario pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a> alta</li> <li>Escalofríos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor de pecho</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náuseas y vómitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a></li> <li>Confusión</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la enfermedad del legionario?</h3> <p>La enfermedad del legionario puede causar complicaciones potencialmente mortales, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratoryfailure.html">insuficiencia respiratoria</a>, insuficiencia renal y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html">sepsis</a>. Cerca de una de cada 10 personas que contraen la enfermedad del legionario morirá por complicaciones de la enfermedad.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad del legionario?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene la enfermedad del legionario, su es probable que su profesional de la salud solicite una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografía</a> de tórax para ver si tiene neumonía. Si la tiene, las pruebas de laboratorio, como una prueba de orina o de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/cultivo-de-esputo/">esputo</a>, pueden <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-legionela/">detectar la bacteria <em>Legionella</em></a>. Su proveedor también puede solicitar un análisis de sangre para ver si ha estado expuesto a la bacteria.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad del legionario?</h3> <p>Si tiene la enfermedad del legionario, es probable que necesite atención en un hospital. Se trata con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>. La mayoría de las personas se recuperan, especialmente si estaban al contraer la afección. Recibir tratamiento temprano puede aumentar las posibilidades de mejorarse.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la enfermedad del legionario?</h3> <p>Puede reducir su riesgo de contraer la enfermedad del legionario si:</p> <ul> <li>Limpia todos sus dispositivos relacionados con el agua regularmente. Esto puede incluir humidificadores portátiles, calentadores de agua, aire acondicionado y enjuagues nasales</li> <li>Si no ha usado los grifos y cabezales de ducha durante una semana o más, deje abiertos los grifos de agua caliente y fría durante al menos dos minutos antes de usarlos</li> <li>Evite la exposición a suministros de agua como fuentes decorativas o jacuzzis si no sabe qué tan bien se mantienen</li> <li>Use limpiador de parabrisas en el tanque de líquido del limpiaparabrisas de su automóvil en lugar de agua corriente</li> <li>Consulte qué tan bien se mantienen los sistemas de agua de su edificio</li> </ul> <p class=""> Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Pulmón y vías respiratorias Legionnaires' Disease Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Legionario, Enfermedad del Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH EIP <p>La enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica (EIP) es una infección e inflamación del útero, ovarios y otros órganos reproductivos femeninos. Esta causa cicatrices en estos órganos y puede conducir a infertilidad, embarazos ectópicos, dolor pélvico, abscesos y otros problemas graves. La enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica es una de las causas de infertilidad más prevenibles en Estados Unidos. </p> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gonorrhea.html">gonorrea</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chlamydiainfections.html">clamidia</a>, dos infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), son las causas más comunes, pero existen otras bacterias que también pueden causarla. </p> <p>Usted está en riesgo si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene una vida sexual activa y es menor de 25 años</li> <li>Tiene más de una pareja sexual</li> <li>Utiliza duchas vaginales</li> </ul> <p>Algunas mujeres no tienen síntomas. Otras tienen dolor en la parte baja del abdomen, fiebre, secreción vaginal con mal olor, hemorragia irregular o dolor durante las relaciones sexuales o al orinar. Los antibióticos pueden curar esta enfermedad. Es importante iniciar el tratamiento temprano ya que esperar demasiado aumenta el riesgo de infertilidad. </p> Mujeres Infecciones Sistema reproductor femenino Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones de transmisión sexual EIP Inflamación pélvica, Enfermedad Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Bartonellosis <p>La enfermedad por arañazo de gato (EAG) es una enfermedad causada por la bacteria Bartonella henselae. Casi la mitad de los gatos son portadores de la infección en algún momento. La infección no enferma a los gatos. Sin embargo, el arañazo o la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html">mordedura</a> de un gato infectado puede causar síntomas en las personas, incluyendo:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html">Ganglios linfáticos</a> hinchados, especialmente alrededor de la cabeza, el cuello y las extremidades superiores </li> <li> Fiebre </li> <li> Dolor de cabeza </li> <li> Fatiga </li> <li> Pérdida del apetito </li> </ul> <p>En las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados, la EAG puede causarles problemas más serios. La mejor forma de evitar la EAG es evitar los juegos rudos con los gatos que pudieran conducir a arañazos o mordidas. Si recibe un arañazo o una mordida, lávela bien con agua y jabón. Si la mordida o el arañazo se infectan o si tiene síntomas de EAG, llame al médico.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Cat Scratch Disease Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales <p>La enfermedad pulmonar intersticial es el nombre de un grupo de enfermedades que causan inflamación o cicatrización de los pulmones. Esto hace que sea difícil obtener suficiente oxígeno. La cicatrización se llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryfibrosis.html">fibrosis pulmonar</a>.</p> <p>La inhalación de polvo u otras partículas en el aire son responsables de algunos tipos de enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales. Los tipos específicos incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Enfermedad del pulmón negro entre los mineros que resulta de la inhalación del polvo del carbón mineral</li> <li>Neumopatía de los granjeros debido a la inhalación del polvo proveniente del heno mohoso, la paja y los granos</li> <li>Asbestosis, por la inhalación de fibras de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html">asbesto</a></li> <li>Siderosis debido a la inhalación de polvo de hierro</li> <li>Silicosis que resulta de la inhalación de polvo que contiene sílice</li> </ul> <p>Otras causas son las enfermedades autoinmunes o la exposición ocupacional a los mohos, gases o vapores. Algunos tipos de enfermedad pulmonar intersticial no tienen causa conocida. </p> <p>El tratamiento depende del tipo de exposición y la etapa de la enfermedad. Puede tratarse con medicamentos, terapia de oxígeno o, en casos más severos, con un trasplante de pulmón.</p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Interstitial Lung Diseases Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Asbesto Enfermedades de los pulmones Fibrosis pulmonar Rehabilitación pulmonar Salud ocupacional Intersticial, Enfermedad pulmonar Pulmón, Enfermedad intersticial Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Falla crónica de los riñones Falla renal crónica Insuficiencia crónica del riñón Insuficiencia renal de tipo crónico <p>Usted tiene dos riñones, cada uno cerca del tamaño de su puño. Su función principal es filtrar su sangre. Ellos eliminan el desecho y el exceso de agua, lo que se vuelve orina. También mantienen el equilibrio químico del cuerpo, ayudan a controlar la presión arterial y a producir hormonas.</p> <p>La enfermedad renal crónica significa que sus riñones están dañados y no pueden filtrar la sangre como deberían. Este daño puede ocasionar que los desechos se acumulen en su cuerpo y causen otros problemas que podrían perjudicar su salud. La diabetes y la hipertensión arterial son las causas más comunes de enfermedad renal crónica. </p> <p>El daño renal se produce lentamente durante muchos años. Muchas personas no tienen ningún síntoma hasta que la enfermedad renal está muy avanzada. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">análisis de sangre y orina</a> son la única manera de saber si usted tiene enfermedad renal.</p> <p>Los tratamientos no pueden curar la enfermedad renal, pero pueden retrasarla. Incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicamentos para reducir la presión arterial</a>, controlar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">azúcar en la sangre</a> y reducir el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a>. La enfermedad renal crónica aún puede empeorar con el tiempo. A veces puede conducir a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">insuficiencia renal</a>. Si sus riñones fallan, necesitará <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">diálisis</a> o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html">trasplante de riñón</a>.</p> <p>Usted puede tomar estas medidas para mantener sus riñones sanos por más tiempo:</p> <ul> <li>Elija alimentos con menos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sal</a> (sodio)</li> <li>Controle su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">presión arterial</a>. Su proveedor de salud puede decirle cuál debe ser su presión arterial</li> <li>Si tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, mantenga su nivel de azúcar en la sangre bajo control</li> <li>Limite la cantidad de alcohol que bebe</li> <li>Elija alimentos que sean saludables para su corazón: Frutas, verduras, granos integrales y productos lácteos bajos en grasa</li> <li>Si tiene sobrepeso, baje de peso</li> <li>Manténgase físicamente activo</li> <li>No fume</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Riñones y sistema urinario Chronic Kidney Disease Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Diálisis Enfermedades de los riñones Insuficiencia renal Riñones, Enfermedad crónica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nacional del Riñón Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centro Coordinador Nacional de Información sobre Enfermedades de los Riñones y de las Vías Urinarias NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fondo Estadounidense sobre los Riñones Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal Video NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nacional del Riñón Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal Video NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal NIH <h3>¿Qué son las enfermedades autoinmunes?</h3> <p>Su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> lo protege de enfermedades e infecciones al atacar los gérmenes que entran a su cuerpo, como virus y bacterias. Su sistema inmunitario puede discernir que los gérmenes no son parte de su organismo, por lo que los destruye. Si tiene una enfermedad autoinmune, su sistema inmunitario ataca por error las células sanas de sus órganos y tejidos.</p> <p>Hay más de 80 tipos de enfermedades autoinmunes. Pueden afectar a casi cualquier parte de su cuerpo. Por ejemplo, la alopecia areata es una enfermedad autoinmune de la piel que provoca la caída del cabello. La hepatitis autoinmune afecta al hígado. En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo 1</a>, el sistema inmunitario ataca al páncreas. Y en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html">artritis reumatoide</a>, el sistema inmunitario puede atacar muchas partes del cuerpo, incluyendo articulaciones, pulmones y los ojos.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa las enfermedades autoinmunes?</h3> <p>No se conoce por qué ocurren las enfermedades autoinmunes. Pero no se pueden contagiar a otras personas.</p> <p>Las enfermedades autoinmunes tienden a ser hereditarias, lo que significa que ciertos genes pueden hacer que algunas personas sean más propensas a desarrollar una afección. Los virus, ciertos productos químicos y otros elementos en el medio ambiente pueden desencadenar una enfermedad autoinmune si posee los genes que lo predisponen a ello.</p> <h3>¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de tener enfermedades autoinmunes?</h3> <p>Millones de personas de todas las edades padecen enfermedades autoinmunes. Las mujeres desarrollan muchos tipos de enfermedades autoinmunes con mucha más frecuencia que los hombres. Y si tiene una enfermedad autoinmune, es más probable que tenga otra.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades autoinmunes?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de una enfermedad autoinmune dependen de la parte del cuerpo afectada. Muchos tipos de enfermedades autoinmunes causan enrojecimiento, hinchazón, calor y dolor, que son los signos y síntomas de la inflamación. Pero otras enfermedades pueden causar estos mismos síntomas.</p> <p>Los síntomas de las enfermedades autoinmunes pueden aparecer y desaparecer. Durante un "brote", sus síntomas pueden volverse severos por un tiempo. Más adelante, es posible que tenga una remisión, lo que significa que sus síntomas mejoran o desaparecen por un período de tiempo.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades autoinmunes?</h3> <p>A menudo, los profesionales de la salud tienen dificultades para diagnosticar enfermedades autoinmunes. Por lo general, no existe una prueba específica que confirme si tiene cierta enfermedad autoinmune. Y los síntomas pueden resultar confusos. Esto se debe a que muchas enfermedades autoinmunes tienen síntomas similares. Y algunos síntomas, como los dolores musculares, son comunes en muchas otras afecciones, por lo que puede llevar mucho tiempo y algunas visitas a diferentes tipos de médicos para obtener un diagnóstico.</p> <p>Para ayudar a su médico a averiguar si una enfermedad autoinmune está causando sus síntomas, usted puede:</p> <ul> <li>Informarse sobre las afecciones de salud en su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html">historia familiar</a>. ¿Qué problemas de salud tenían sus abuelos, tías, tíos y primos? Escriba lo que aprenda y hable con su profesional de la salud</li> <li>Llevar una lista de sus síntomas, incluyendo cuánto duran y qué los mejora o empeora. Comparta sus notas con su profesional de la salud</li> <li>Consultar a un especialista sobre los síntomas que más le molestan. Por ejemplo, si tiene sarpullido, consulte a un dermatólogo (médico de la piel)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades autoinmunes?</h3> <p>El tratamiento depende de la enfermedad. En la mayoría de los casos, el objetivo del tratamiento es inhibir (ralentizar) su sistema inmunitario y aliviar la hinchazón, el enrojecimiento y el dolor causado por la inflamación. Es posible que su profesional de la salud le recete <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a> (esteroides) u otros medicamentos para ayudarle a sentirse mejor. Para algunas enfermedades, es posible que necesite tratamiento por el resto de su vida.</p> Sistema inmunitario Autoimmune Diseases Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Artritis reumatoide Diabetes tipo 1 Enfermedad de Addison Esclerosis múltiple Lupus Miastenia grave Síndrome de Guillain-Barré Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Hipertermia <p>En general, su cuerpo se enfría mediante la sudoración. En los climas calurosos, especialmente con altos niveles de humedad, la sudoración no es suficiente para enfriar su cuerpo. La temperatura corporal puede elevarse hasta niveles peligrosos y es posible desarrollar enfermedades causadas por el calor. </p> <p>La mayoría de las enfermedades causadas por el calor ocurren cuando permanece expuesto al calor demasiado tiempo. Hacer ejercicio o trabajar al aire libre también puede causar enfermedades por calor. Los adultos mayores, los niños pequeños y las personas enfermas o con sobrepeso tienen un riesgo mayor. Tomar algunas medicinas o consumir alcohol también puede aumentar su riesgo.</p> <p>Las enfermedades relacionadas con el calor incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Golpe de calor: Una enfermedad peligrosa para la vida en la cual la temperatura corporal puede subir por encima de los 106 °F en minutos (41 ºC). Los síntomas incluyen piel seca, pulso rápido y fuerte, mareos, nausea y confusión. Si ve alguno de estos signos, busque ayuda médica de inmediato </li> <li> Agotamiento por calor: Una enfermedad que puede ocurrir después de varios días expuesto a altas temperaturas y sin suficientes líquidos. Los síntomas incluyen sudoración profusa, respiración rápida y pulso rápido y débil. Si no recibe tratamiento, puede preceder al golpe de calor </li> <li>Calambres por calor: Dolores o espasmos musculares que ocurren durante el ejercicio intenso. En general, puede sufrirlos en el abdomen, los brazos o las piernas </li> <li>Erupciones cutáneas por calor: Irritación de la piel por exceso de sudoración. Es más común en niños pequeños</li> </ul> <p>Puede reducir el riesgo de enfermedades causadas por el calor bebiendo líquidos para evitar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratación</a>, reemplazar la sal y minerales perdidos y limitar el tiempo de exposición al calor.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Lesiones y heridas Síntomas Heat Illness Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Deshidratación Exposición al sol Calor, Enfermedades causadas por el Insolación Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Personas mayores Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Cruz Roja Americana Personas mayores Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Investigación y Capacitación en Construcción PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Colegio Americano de Médicos de Emergencia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Enfermedades bucales <p>La boca es una de las partes más importantes de su cuerpo. Cumple muchas funciones diferentes. Le permite:</p> <ul> <li>Consumir alimentos y líquidos</li> <li>Inhalar y exhalar aire</li> <li>Comenzar la digestión, con sus dientes masticando la comida y sus glándulas salivales produciendo saliva que ayuda a ablandar los alimentos</li> <li>Hablar y cantar</li> <li>Demostrar emociones, como sonreír o hacer pucheros </li> </ul> <p>Cualquier problema que afecte la boca puede dificultarle comer, beber o hasta sonreír. Algunos problemas comunes de la boca son:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldsores.html">Herpes labial</a>: Llagas dolorosas en los labios y alrededor de la boca causadas por un virus </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cankersores.html">Aftas bucales</a>: Úlceras dolorosas en la boca, causadas por bacterias o virus </li> <li> Muguet o candidiasis oral: <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html">Infección por cándida</a> que causa manchas blancas en la boca </li> <li> Leucoplaquia: Parches blancos formados por exceso de crecimiento celular en la mucosa de las mejillas, las encías o la lengua, común en los fumadores </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html">Boca seca</a>: Falta de suficiente saliva, causada por algunas medicinas y enfermedades </li> <li> Problemas en las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html">encías</a> o los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdisorders.html">dientes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/badbreath.html">Mal aliento</a> </li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento de los trastornos de la boca varía dependiendo del problema. Si el problema de la boca es causado por otra afección, tratar esa enfermedad puede ayudar. Es importante mantener la boca limpia mediante el cepillado y el uso del hilo dental en forma frecuente, y evitar el tabaco. </p> Oído, nariz y garganta Salud oral y dental Mouth Disorders Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Adenoides Aftas bucales Boca seca Cáncer de cabeza y cuello Cáncer oral Enfermedades de la garganta Enfermedades de las encías Enfermedades de las glándulas salivales Herpes labial Infecciones por estreptococo Problemas del habla y de la comunicación Problemas para tragar Salud dental Trastornos de la lengua Boca, Enfermedades de Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Dental Americana Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Enfermedad corneal <p>Su córnea es la capa externa del ojo. Es transparente y tiene la forma de una cúpula. La córnea ayuda a proteger el ojo de gérmenes, polvo y otros materiales dañinos. También ayuda al ojo a enfocar. Si usted usa lentes de contacto, estos flotan sobre su córnea. </p> <p>Los problemas de la córnea incluyen:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html">Errores de refracción</a></li> <li>Alergias</li> <li>Infecciones</li> <li>Lesiones</li> <li>Distrofias: Afecciones en las que algunas partes de la córnea pierden transparencia debido a la acumulación de material turbio</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento de las enfermedades de la córnea incluye medicinas, trasplante y cirugía láser. </p> <p class=""> Instituto Nacional del Ojo</p> Ojos y visión Corneal Disorders Instituto Nacional del Ojo Enfermedades de los ojos Errores de refracción Infecciones de los ojos Lesiones del ojo Córnea, Enfermedades de la Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>La garganta es un tubo que lleva la comida hacia el esófago y el aire a la tráquea y la laringe. El nombre técnico de su garganta es faringe. </p> <p>Los problemas en la garganta son comunes. Probablemente, alguna vez tuvo un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html">dolor de garganta</a>. La causa suele ser una infección viral, pero otras causas incluyen alergias, infecciones por la bacteria <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html">estreptococo</a> o ácidos del estómago que regresan al esófago, llamado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">reflujo gástroesofágico</a>, o ERGE. </p> <p>Otros problemas que afectan la garganta incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html">Amigdalitis</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatcancer.html">Cáncer</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html">Crup</a>: Inflamación, usualmente en niños pequeños, que causa una tos seca</li> <li> Faringitis: Inflamación de la faringe, lo que puede causar ronquera o pérdida de la voz</li> </ul> <p>La mayoría de los problemas de la garganta son menores y desaparecen por si solos. Cuando es necesario un tratamiento, depende del problema. </p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Oído, nariz y garganta Throat Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Adenoides Cáncer de cabeza y cuello Dolor de garganta Enfermedades de la boca Problemas del habla y de la comunicación Problemas para tragar Trastornos de la voz Garganta, Enfermedades de la Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Enfermedades pituitarias <p>La glándula pituitaria es una glándula del tamaño de un guisante que se encuentra en la base del cerebro. La pituitaria es la "glándula de control maestro" - produce hormonas que afectan el crecimiento y las funciones de las otras glándulas del cuerpo. </p> <p>Una enfermedad de la glándula pituitaria puede causar la producción de pocas o muchas hormonas. Algunas lesiones pueden causar trastornos de la glándula pituitaria, pero la causa más común es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarytumors.html">tumor</a>. </p> Cerebro y nervios Sistema endocrino Pituitary Disorders Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Tumores de la glándula pituitaria Acromegalia Craneofaringioma Galactorrea Glándula pituitaria, Enfermedades de la Hipopituitarismo Hipófisis, Infarto de la Pituitario, Tumor Prolactinoma Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Información de referencia Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>La médula espinal es la parte del sistema nervioso que transmite mensajes desde y hasta el cerebro. Se encuentra dentro de las vértebras, que son los discos óseos que forman la columna vertebral. Normalmente, las vértebras protegen la médula espinal. Cuando eso no ocurre, puede ocurrir una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html">lesión de la médula espinal</a>. Además de las lesiones, en la médula espinal pueden aparecer:</p> <ul> <li> Tumores </li> <li>Infecciones como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html">meningitis</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html">poliomielitis</a> </li> <li> Enfermedades inflamatorias </li> <li> Enfermedades autoinmunes </li> <li>Enfermedades degenerativas, tales como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html">esclerosis lateral amiotrófica</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalmuscularatrophy.html">atrofia muscular espinal</a></li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas varían pero pueden incluir dolor, entumecimiento, pérdida de la sensación y debilidad muscular. Estos síntomas pueden ocurrir alrededor de la médula espinal y también en otras áreas, como en los brazos y las piernas. Los tratamientos varían, pero con frecuencia incluyen medicinas y cirugía. </p> Cerebro y nervios Spinal Cord Diseases Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Atrofia muscular espinal Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica Espina bífida Estenosis espinal Siringomielia Traumatismo de la médula espinal Cavernosas, Malformaciones Espinal, Tumor Malformaciones cavernosos de la médula espinal Mielitis transversa Mielopatía cervical espondilótica Mielopatía sifilítica Médula espinal, Absceso Médula espinal, Enfermedades de la Médula espinal, Malformaciones cavernosos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Enciclopedia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH <p>La médula ósea es el tejido esponjoso que se encuentra dentro de sus huesos, como en la cadera y el hueso del muslo. Contiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html">células madre</a>. Las células madre pueden desarrollarse hasta ser glóbulos rojos que transportan oxígeno a su cuerpo, glóbulos blancos que combaten las infecciones y plaquetas que ayudan a la coagulación de la sangre. </p> <p>Con la enfermedad de médula ósea, hay problemas con las células madre o con su desarrollo:</p> <ul> <li>En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html">leucemia</a>, un cáncer de la sangre, la médula ósea produce glóbulos blancos anormales</li> <li>En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aplasticanemia.html">anemia aplásica</a>, la médula ósea no produce glóbulos rojos </li> <li>En las enfermedades mieloproliferativas, la médula ósea produce demasiados glóbulos blancos</li> <li>Otras enfermedades como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphoma.html">linfoma</a> pueden diseminarse a la médula ósea y afectar la producción de células sanguíneas </li> </ul> <p>Las causas de las enfermedades de la medula ósea incluyen factores genéticos y ambientales. Las pruebas incluyen análisis de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html">sangre</a> y de médula ósea. Los tratamientos dependen del trastorno y de su severidad. Pueden involucrar medicinas, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">transfusiones de sangre</a> o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">trasplante de médula ósea</a>.</p> Sistema inmunitario Bone Marrow Diseases Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Anemia Mieloma múltiple Síndromes mielodisplásicos Trasplante de médula ósea Mielofibrosis idiopática Mieloproliferativos, Trastornos Médula ósea, Enfermedades de la Policitemia vera Trombocitemia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>La mayoría de las personas tiene cuatro glándulas del tamaño de un guisante, llamadas paratiroides, sobre la glándula tiroides que se encuentra en el cuello. Aunque sus nombres son similares, las tiroides y las paratiroides son completamente diferentes. Las glándulas paratiroides producen la hormona paratiroidea (PTH, por sus siglas en inglés), que ayuda al cuerpo a mantener el equilibrio entre el calcio y el fósforo.</p> <p>Si las glándulas paratiroideas producen cantidades excesivas o muy bajas de hormona, alteran el equilibrio. Si segregan demasiada PTH, el cuadro se denomina hiperparatiroidismo y el nivel de calcio en la sangre aumenta. En muchos casos, un tumor benigno (no canceroso) en las paratiroides aumenta su actividad. En otros casos, el exceso de hormonas puede provenir de glándulas paratiroides aumentadas de tamaño. En muy raros casos, la causa es un cáncer.</p> <p>Si no se produce suficiente cantidad de PTH, el cuadro se denomina hipoparatiroidismo. La sangre tendrá muy poco calcio y una excesiva cantidad de fósforo. Entre las causas se encuentran las lesiones de las glándulas, los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html">trastornos endocrinos</a> o los cuadros genéticos. El tratamiento se enfoca en recuperar el equilibrio entre el calcio y el fósforo.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema endocrino Parathyroid Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Hiperparatiroidismo Hipoparatiroidismo Paratiroides, Enfermedades de la Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Enfermedades cutáneas Problemas dermatológicos <h3>¿Para qué sirve la piel?</h3> <p>La piel es el órgano más grande del cuerpo, cubriendo todo su exterior. Hay muchas maneras en que la piel le protege y ayuda a mantenerse saludable. Por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Retiene los fluidos corporales, lo que ayuda a evitar que se <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidrate</a></li> <li>Evita el ingreso de gérmenes dañinos, lo que ayuda a prevenir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html">infecciones</a></li> <li>Le ayuda a sentir sensaciones como calor, frío y dolor</li> <li>Ayuda a controlar la temperatura del cuerpo</li> <li>Produce <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">vitamina D</a> cuando se expone al sol</li> <li>Protege su cuerpo contra el calor y la luz</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué problemas y enfermedades pueden afectar la piel?</h3> <p>Hay muchos problemas y enfermedades diferentes que pueden afectar su piel. Algunos de ellos pueden causar síntomas incómodos, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html">picazón</a>, ardor, enrojecimiento y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">sarpullido</a>. También pueden afectar su apariencia. Algunas de las afecciones de la piel más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html">Acné</a>: Causa granos cuando los folículos pilosos debajo de la piel se bloquean</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html">Quemaduras</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html">Cortes y raspaduras</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html">Caspa</a>: Descamación de la piel del cuero cabelludo (la parte de arriba de la cabeza)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html">Eccema</a> (dermatitis atópica): Causa inflamación, enrojecimiento e irritación de la piel</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hives.html">Urticaria</a>: Protuberancias rojas que a veces pican en la piel</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html">Picaduras de insectos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html">Psoriasis</a>: Causa manchas rojas escamosas que pican</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html">Cáncer de piel</a></li> <li>Infecciones de la piel</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo mantener sana la piel?</h3> <p>Dado que la piel protege su cuerpo de muchas maneras, es importante tratar de mantener su piel saludable. Por ejemplo, usted puede:</p> <ul> <li>Usar el equipo de protección adecuado, como guantes, mangas largas, rodilleras y coderas; o cascos para protegerse contra cortes, golpes y raspaduras</li> <li>Si se corta o se raspa, limpie de inmediato la herida con jabón y agua tibia. Póngase un vendaje para proteger la piel mientras sana</li> <li>Cuando pase tiempo al aire libre, use mangas y pantalones largos y use repelente de insectos para evitar picaduras de insectos</li> <li>Evitar las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">quemaduras solares</a> cubriéndose y usando protector solar cuando esté al aire libre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">Lavarse las manos</a> frecuentemente con agua y jabón</li> <li>Cuando se duche o se bañe, use agua tibia (no caliente). Use limpiadores suaves y lave suavemente (no se refriegue la piel)</li> <li>Usar humectantes como lociones, cremas o ungüentos, para prevenir la piel seca</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Skin Conditions Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Cáncer de piel Eccema Envejecimiento de la piel Impétigo Infecciones de la piel Picazón Psoriasis Sarpullido Trastornos de pigmentación de la piel Celulitis (grasa) Dermatitis seborreica Intertrigo Liquen escleroso Liquen plano Mastocitosis Piel, Enfermedades de la Pitiriasis rosada Púrpura de Schönlein-Henoch Spanish/Español Mujeres Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Mujeres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Enfermades prostáticas <h3>¿Qué es la próstata?</h3> <p>La próstata es una glándula del sistema reproductor masculino. Se encuentra justo debajo de la vejiga. Produce líquido que forma parte del semen.</p> <h3>¿Qué son las enfermedades de la próstata?</h3> <p>Hay muchos tipos de enfermedades de la próstata:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Prostatitis:</strong> Inflamación (hinchazón y dolor) de la próstata. Es el tipo de problema de próstata más común en personas menores de 50 años. Hay diferentes tipos: <ul> <li><strong>Prostatitis crónica:</strong> También se llama síndrome de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html">dolor pélvico</a> crónico. Es el tipo más común de prostatitis</li> <li><strong>Prostatitis bacteriana aguda:</strong> Comienza repentinamente a partir de una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">infección bacteriana</a> y se trata con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>. No es común</li> <li><strong>Prostatitis bacteriana crónica:</strong> Ocurre cuando una infección bacteriana sigue reapareciendo. Los síntomas suelen comenzar lentamente. Puede tardar más tiempo en tratarse que la prostatitis bacteriana aguda</li> <li><strong>Prostatitis asintomática:</strong> No presenta síntomas y, por lo general, no necesita tratamiento. Es posible que sepa que la tiene después de someterse a pruebas para detectar otros problemas de salud</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/enlargedprostatebph.html">Agrandamiento de la próstata</a>:</strong> También se llama <strong>hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB)</strong>. La próstata tiende a agrandarse con la edad. Es por eso que el agrandamiento de la próstata es muy común en las personas mayores y es raro en los menores de 40 años. Cuando la próstata crece, puede presionar la uretra y causar problemas para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html">orinar</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancer.html">Cáncer de próstata</a>:</strong> Ocurre cuando se forman células cancerosas en la glándula prostática. El cáncer de próstata es un tipo común de cáncer en personas de 50 años o más. La mayoría de los casos crecen lentamente y es posible que nunca causen problemas de salud, pero algunos son graves</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener enfermedades de la próstata?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona con próstata puede tener problemas de próstata. Pero algunas personas corren un mayor riesgo.</p> <p>Es más probable que desarrolle <strong>prostatitis</strong> si tiene:</p> <ul> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">infección de las vías urinarias</a> inferiores (vejiga y uretra), la que puede causar prostatitis bacteriana aguda o crónica</li> <li>Daño a los nervios en el tracto urinario inferior debido a una cirugía o una lesión. Esto puede llevar a una prostatitis crónica</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">Estrés</a> emocional, que puede llevar a una prostatitis crónica</li> </ul> <p>Es más probable que desarrolle <strong>agrandamiento de la próstata (HPB)</strong> si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene 40 años o más</li> <li>Tiene familiares que han tenido hiperplasia prostática benigna</li> <li>Tiene ciertas afecciones de salud como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">Enfermedad cardíaca</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html">problemas circulatorios</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">Diabetes tipo 2</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">No hace suficiente ejercicio</a></li> </ul> <p>Es más probable que desarrolle <strong>cáncer de próstata</strong> si:</p> <ul> <li>Es mayor de 50 años</li> <li>Tiene un padre, hermano o hijo que tiene o ha tenido cáncer de próstata</li> <li>Es afroamericano</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades de la próstata?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de los problemas de próstata incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html">Necesidad de orinar mucho</a></li> <li>Necesidad de correr al baño, pero no poder orinar u orinar solo un poco</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html">Filtración o goteo de orina</a></li> <li>Tener un chorro de orina débil</li> </ul> <p>Otros síntomas dependen del tipo de problema de próstata que tenga y pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>No poder orinar en lo absoluto. Esto es una emergencia médica</li> <li>Cualquier problema iniciando o controlando el flujo de orina</li> <li>Despertarse con frecuencia para orinar</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sangre-en-la-orina/">Sangre en la orina</a> u orina que tiene un olor o color inusual</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a>, escalofríos o dolor de cuerpo</li> <li>Gran malestar o dolor: <ul> <li>Al orinar o después de la eyaculación</li> <li>En su abdomen, entre su escroto y ano, o en su escroto o pene</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Hable con su profesional de la salud si tiene alguno de estos síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades de la próstata?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene un problema de próstata, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Preguntar sobre su historia clínica</strong> y sus síntomas</li> <li><strong>Preguntar sobre su historia de salud familiar</strong></li> <li><strong>Hacer un examen físico.</strong> El examen puede incluir un examen rectal digital de su próstata. En esta prueba, su proveedor inserta un dedo enguantado en su recto para sentir el tamaño general y la condición de su próstata</li> <li><strong>Solicitar pruebas, si es necesario.</strong> Las pruebas pueden incluir: <ul> <li>Exámenes de sangre y orina para buscar infección</li> <li>Pruebas urodinámicas para ver qué tan bien puede retener y liberar la orina</li> <li>Cistoscopia para observar el interior de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urethraldisorders.html">uretra</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html">vejiga</a></li> <li>Imágenes de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/"> ultrasonido</a> de su próstata y tracto urinario</li> <li>Una prueba de sangre de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-psa-antigeno-prostatico-especifico/">antígeno prostático específico</a> (PSA)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">Biopsia</a> de próstata para diagnosticar o descartar cáncer</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento depende de la enfermedad de la próstata que tenga y de los síntomas que más le molesten.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Personas mayores Hombres Sistema reproductor masculino Prostate Diseases Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de próstata Hipertrofia prostática benigna (HPB) Prostatitis Próstata, Agrandamiento Próstata, Enfermedades de la Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Síntomas Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Enfermedades retinales <p>La retina es una capa de tejido en la parte posterior del ojo que percibe la luz y envía las imágenes al cerebro. En el centro de este tejido nervioso se encuentra la mácula. Provee la capacidad de enfoque central y la agudeza necesaria para leer, conducir y ver en forma clara los detalles. </p> <p>Las enfermedades de la retina afectan este importante tejido. Puede afectarle la vista y algunas son lo suficientemente graves como para causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">ceguera</a>. Algunos ejemplos son:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html">Degeneración macular</a>: Enfermedad que destruye la agudeza de la visión central </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html">Enfermedad diabética del ojo</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldetachment.html">Desprendimiento de retina</a>: Urgencia médica que ocurre cuando la retina se despega de la parte posterior del ojo </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecancer.html">Retinoblastoma</a>: Cáncer de la retina. Es más común en niños pequeños </li> <li> Membrana epirretínica: Tejido cicatricial en la mácula </li> <li> Agujero macular: Pequeña ruptura en la mácula que suele ocurrir en personas mayores de 60 años</li> <li> Cuerpos flotantes: Telarañas o pequeñas manchas en el campo de la vista </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo </p> Ojos y visión Retinal Disorders Instituto Nacional del Ojo Degeneración macular Desprendimiento de retina Enfermedades de los ojos Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes Síndrome de Usher Desgarro retiniano Flotadores Manchas flotantes y centelleos Retina, Enfermedades de la Retinopatia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Enfermedades tiroideas <p>La tiroides es una glándula pequeña en forma de mariposa ubicada al frente del cuello. Produce hormonas que controlan la forma en que el cuerpo utiliza la energía. Estas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonas</a> afectan a casi todos los órganos del cuerpo y controlan muchas de sus funciones más importantes. Por ejemplo, afectan la respiración, el ritmo cardíaco, el peso, la digestión y el estado de ánimo.</p> <p>La enfermedades de la tiroides causan que se produzcan demasiadas o muy pocas hormona. Algunas de las diferentes enfermedades de la tiroides incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Bocio: Agrandamiento de la tiroides</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html">Hipertiroidismo</a>: Cuando la glándula tiroides produce más hormona tiroidea de lo que su cuerpo necesita</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html">Hipotiroidismo</a>: Cuando la glándula tiroides no produce suficiente hormona tiroidea</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidcancer.html">Cáncer de tiroides</a></li> <li>Nódulos: Bultos en la tiroides</li> <li>Tiroiditis: Hinchazón de la tiroides</li> </ul> <p>Para el diagnóstico de enfermedades de la tiroides, su profesional de la salud puede usar su historia clínica, un examen físico y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html">pruebas para la tiroides</a>. En algunos casos, su proveedor de salud también puede usar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a>. El tratamiento depende del problema y cuáles son sus síntomas. Los posibles tratamientos pueden incluir medicinas, terapia con yodo radiactivo o cirugía de tiroides.</p> <p class="">Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.</p> Sistema endocrino Thyroid Diseases Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de tiroides Hipertiroidismo Hipotiroidismo Pruebas y exámenes para la tiroides Bocio Nódulos en la tiroides Tiroides, Enfermedades de la Tiroiditis Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Americana de la Tiroides PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Mujeres Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Americana de la Tiroides <p>Su tráquea es una parte de su sistema respiratorio. Los órganos de su sistema respiratorio llevan aire rico en oxígeno hacia sus pulmones. También sacan dióxido de carbono fuera de sus pulmones. </p> <p>Cuando usted inhala, el aire viaja por su nariz a través de la laringe y luego por su tráquea. Esta se divide en dos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bronchialdisorders.html">bronquios</a> que entran a sus pulmones.</p> <p>Los posibles problemas en la tráquea incluyen estrechamiento, inflamación y algunos problemas hereditarios. Usted puede necesitar un procedimiento llamado traqueotomía para ayudarle a respirar si tiene problemas al tragar o alguna afección que no lo deje toser o que interfiera con su respiración. Puede que también necesite una traqueotomía si usted esta en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/criticalcare.html">terapia intensiva</a> y necesita estar en un respirador.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Tracheal Disorders Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Atragantamiento Enfermedades de la garganta Tráquea, Enfermedades de la Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Merck & Co., Inc. Enfermedades vaginales <p>Los problemas de la vagina son una de las causas más comunes de las visitas de las mujeres a los médicos. Pueden presentar síntomas como:</p><ul> <li>Picazón</li> <li>Ardor</li> <li>Dolor</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html">Sangrado anormal</a></li> <li>Secreción</li> </ul> <p>Un problema común es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginitis.html">vaginitis</a>, la inflamación de la vagina. Otros problemas de la vagina incluyen infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalcancer.html">cáncer vaginal</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html">cáncer de la vulva</a>. El tratamiento de las enfermedades de la vagina depende de la causa. </p> Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Vaginal Diseases Cáncer de vagina Cáncer de vulva Enfermedades de la vulva Infecciones de transmisión sexual Infecciones por cándida Sangrado vaginal Vagina, Enfermedades de la Vagina, Infecciones Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Enfermedades vesicales <p>La vejiga es un órgano hueco en la parte inferior del abdomen donde se almacena la orina. Hay muchas afecciones que pueden afectar la función de la vejiga. Entre los más comunes se encuentran:</p><ul> <li> Cistitis: una inflamación de la vejiga, en general, causada por una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">infección</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html">Incontinencia urinaria</a>: pérdida del control de la vejiga </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html">Vejiga hiperactiva</a>: una afección que causa que la vejiga expulse orina cuando no tiene que hacerlo</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitialcystitis.html">Cistitis intersticial</a>: un problema crónico que causa dolor en la vejiga y urgencia de orinar</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladdercancer.html">Cáncer de vejiga</a></li> </ul> <p>Los médicos diagnostican las enfermedades de la vejiga mediante distintas pruebas. Estas incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html">análisis de orina</a>, radiografías y exámenes de la pared de la vejiga con un instrumento llamado cistoscopio. El tratamiento depende de la causa del problema. Puede incluir medicinas y, en casos severos, cirugía. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Riñones y sistema urinario Bladder Diseases Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cistitis intersticial Cáncer de vejiga Incontinencia urinaria Infecciones de las vías urinarias Orina y micción Problemas del piso pélvico Trastornos de la uretra Trastornos del uréter Vejiga hiperactiva Cálculos en la vejiga Vejiga neurogénica Vejiga, Enfermedades de la Hombres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Colecistopatía Enfermedad biliar Enfermedades vesiculares <p>La vesícula biliar es un órgano con forma de pera ubicada bajo el hígado. Almacena bilis, un líquido producido por el hígado para digerir las grasas. Cuando el estómago y el intestino digieren los alimentos, la vesícula biliar libera bilis a través de un tubo denominado conducto biliar común. Ese conducto conecta a la vesícula biliar y el hígado con el intestino delgado. </p> <p> Es más probable que la vesícula cause problemas si algo obstruye el flujo de bilis por los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html">conductos biliares</a>. Eso suele ocurrir con los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallstones.html">cálculos biliares</a>. Los cálculos se forman cuando hay sustancias en la bilis que se endurecen. En forma menos común se puede desarrollar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladdercancer.html">cáncer</a> en la vesícula. </p> <p>Muchos de los problemas de la vesícula se solucionan al extirparla. Afortunadamente, la vesícula biliar no es un órgano imprescindible para la vida. La bilis tiene otras vías para llegar al intestino delgado.</p> Sistema digestivo Gallbladder Diseases Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cálculos biliares Cáncer de la vesícula biliar Enfermedades de los ductos biliares Colecistectomía Colecistitis aguda Colecistitis crónica Vesícula biliar, Enfermedades de Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio estadounidense de cirujanos PDF Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Enfermedades vulvares <p>La vulva es la parte externa de los genitales femeninos. Algunos problemas que pueden aparecer en el área vulvar incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginitis.html">Vaginitis o vulvovaginitis</a>, una inflamación o infección de la vulva o la vagina</li> <li> Problemas de la piel debidos a las alergias</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html">Cáncer de vulva</a></li> <li>Vulvodinia o dolor vulvar</li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas pueden incluir enrojecimiento, picazón, dolor o grietas en la piel. El tratamiento depende de la causa.</p> Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Vulvar Disorders Oficina de los NIH para Investigaciones sobre la Salud de la Mujer Cáncer de vulva Enfermedades de la vagina Infecciones de transmisión sexual Infecciones por cándida Liquen escleroso Vulva, Enfermedades de la Vulvitis Vulvodinia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Enfermedad cerebrovascular Estenosis de las arterias carótidas <p>Las arterias carótidas son dos grandes vasos sanguíneos que se encuentran en el cuello. Suministran sangre al cerebro y a la cabeza. Si tiene enfermedad de la arteria carótida, la arteria se estrecha, en general por la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">arterioesclerosis</a>, la acumulación de placa, que está hecha de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a>, calcio y otros sustancias en la sangre.</p> <p>La enfermedad de la arteria carótida es grave porque puede bloquear el flujo de sangre a su cerebro y causar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ischemicstroke.html">derrame cerebral</a>. Demasiada placa en la arteria puede causar un bloqueo. También puede tener un bloqueo cuando placa o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulo de sangre</a> se rompe en la pared de una arteria. La placa o coágulo puede viajar a través del torrente sanguíneo y atascarse en una de las arterias más pequeñas de su cerebro. </p> <p>La enfermedad de la arteria carótida no suele causar síntomas hasta que el estrechamiento o bloqueo es severo. Un signo puede ser un soplo (silbido) que su médico oye al escuchar su arteria con un estetoscopio. Otro signo es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/transientischemicattack.html">ataque isquémico transitorio</a>, un "mini accidente cerebrovascular". Este es como un accidente cerebrovascular, pero solo dura unos minutos y los síntomas generalmente desaparecen en una hora. El accidente cerebrovascular es otro signo.</p> <p>Las pruebas de imagen pueden confirmar si usted tiene enfermedad de la arteria carótida.</p> <p>Los tratamientos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Cambios saludables de estilo de vida</li> <li>Medicamentos</li> <li>Endarterectomía carotídea, cirugía para extirpar la placa</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html">Angioplastía</a>, un procedimiento para colocar un balón y un stent en la arteria para abrirla y mantenerla abierta</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Carotid Artery Disease Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Accidente cerebrovascular Ateroesclerosis Endarterectomía de carótida Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Enfermedad periodontal <p>Si tiene una enfermedad en las encías, usted no es el único. Muchos adultos en los Estados Unidos actualmente tienen alguna forma de la enfermedad. Varía desde una simple inflamación de las encías, llamada gingivitis, a graves daños en los tejidos y huesos que sostienen los dientes. En el peor de los casos, usted puede perder los dientes.</p> <p>En la gingivitis, las encías están enrojecidas e hinchadas. Pueden sangrar con facilidad. La gingivitis es una forma leve de enfermedad de las encías. Por lo general, se puede revertir con el cepillado diario y limpieza con hilo dental y limpiezas regulares por un dentista o higienista dental. La gingivitis no tratada puede llevar a la periodontitis. Si tiene periodontitis, las encías se despegan de los dientes y forman pequeñas bolsas que se infectan. De no tratarse, las encías y el tejido donde se apoyan los dientes se destruyen.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial </p> Salud oral y dental Gum Disease Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Encías, Enfermedad de las Enfermedades periodontales Periodontales, Enfermedades Placa Retracción de las encías Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Dental de California PDF <p>Sus glándulas salivales se ubican en su boca. Usted tiene tres pares de glándulas salivales grandes y cientos de glándulas pequeñas. Estas producen saliva, también llamada esputo, y la segregan hacia la boca a través de aberturas llamadas ductos. La saliva ablanda los alimentos, lo que ayuda a masticarlos y tragarlos. Ayuda a digerir la comida. También limpia la boca y contiene anticuerpos que pueden matar gérmenes. </p> <p>Los problemas de las glándulas salivales pueden irritarlas e inflamarlas. Usted puede tener síntomas como:</p> <ul> <li> Un mal sabor en la boca </li> <li> Dificultad para abrir la boca </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html">Boca seca</a></li> <li> Dolor en su cara o boca </li> <li> Inflamación en su cara o cuello </li> </ul> <p>Entre las causas de los problemas en las glándulas salivales se incluyen las infecciones, la obstrucción y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salivaryglandcancer.html">cáncer</a>. Los problemas también pueden deberse a otros trastornos, tales como las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mumps.html">paperas</a> o el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sjogrenssyndrome.html">síndrome de Sjögren</a>. </p> Salud oral y dental Salivary Gland Disorders Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Boca seca Cáncer de la glándulas salivales Paperas Síndrome de Sjögren Enfermedades de la glándula parótida Glándula parótida, Enfermedades de la Glándulas salivales, Enfermedades de las Saliva Sialolitos en los conductos salivales Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales (adrenales) <h3>¿Qué son las glándulas suprarrenales?</h3> <p>Las glándulas suprarrenales son dos pequeños órganos que se ubican encima de cada riñón. Las glándulas suprarrenales producen diferentes tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonas </a> necesarias para mantenerse con vida y saludable. Las hormonas son sustancias químicas que viajan por el torrente sanguíneo y controlan cómo funcionan las diferentes partes del cuerpo.</p> <p>Las glándulas suprarrenales producen las hormonas cortisol, aldosterona, adrenalina y noradrenalina. También producen hormonas que su cuerpo usa para producir hormonas sexuales (estrógeno y testosterona). Todas estas hormonas realizan muchas funciones importantes, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Convertir los alimentos en energía y controlar los niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">azúcar en la sangre</a></li> <li>Regular el equilibrio de sal y agua</li> <li>Mantener una presión arterial normal</li> <li>Responder a la enfermedad y al estrés (reacción conocida como "lucha o huida")</li> <li>Comenzar el desarrollo sexual de un niño y su rapidez</li> <li>Mantener el embarazo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué son los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?</h3> <p>Cuando tiene un trastorno de las glándulas suprarrenales, su cuerpo produce demasiado o muy poco de una o más hormonas. Los síntomas dependen del tipo de problema que tenga y cuánto afecta a los niveles hormonales de su cuerpo.</p> <p>Hay muchos tipos de trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/addisondisease.html">Enfermedad de Addison</a></strong>: Afección en la que las glándulas suprarrenales no producen suficiente cortisol</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cushingssyndrome.html">Síndrome de Cushing</a></strong>: Afección causada por un exceso de cortisol en el cuerpo, a menudo por tomar medicamentos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a> durante un período prolongado</li> <li><strong>Adenoma productor de aldosterona</strong>: Tumor <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html">benigno</a> (no canceroso) que produce demasiada aldosterona y puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">hipertensión arterial</a> grave</li> <li><strong>Paraganglioma-feocromocitoma hereditario</strong>: Afección hereditaria que causa diferentes tipos de tumores que producen adrenalina y otras hormonas. Algunos tumores pueden volverse cancerosos</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglandcancer.html">Cáncer de la glándula suprarrenal</a></strong>: Tumores cancerosos, incluyendo carcinoma de la corteza suprarrenal y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuroblastoma.html">neuroblastoma</a></li> <li><strong>Hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita</strong>: Grupo de trastornos hereditarios en los que las glándulas suprarrenales no producen suficiente cortisol. El tipo más común es la deficiencia de 21-hidroxilasa. En los Estados Unidos, a los bebés recién nacidos se les hace un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/17-hidroxiprogesterona/">análisis de sangre</a> para ver si tienen hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita. Es posible que las personas que nacen con este trastorno no presenten síntomas hasta la niñez o más adelante en la vida</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?</h3> <p>La causa de los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales depende del tipo de trastorno que tenga. Las causas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Medicamentos como esteroides</li> <li>Un problema en otra glándula, como la glándula <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarytumors.html">pituitaria</a>. La glándula pituitaria libera hormonas que afectan el funcionamiento de las glándulas suprarrenales</li> <li>Cambios en los genes (mutaciones): Estos cambios pueden hacer que las glándulas suprarrenales produzcan demasiado o muy poco de una o más hormonas</li> <li>Infecciones</li> </ul> <p>En muchos casos, la causa del problema no está clara.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?</h3> <p>Los profesionales de la salud utilizan diferentes pruebas para detectar trastornos suprarrenales según sus síntomas e historia clínica. Por ejemplo, es posible que le hagan análisis de sangre, orina o saliva. Estas pruebas miden sus niveles hormonales. Su profesional de la salud puede solicitar radiografías, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografías computarizadas</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancias magnéticas</a> para buscar tumores.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales?</h3> <p>Los diferentes tipos de trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales tienen diversos tratamientos. Incluyen medicamentos y cirugía. En ocasiones, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a> es un tratamiento para los tumores. Existen tratamientos para curar ciertos trastornos de las glándulas suprarrenales. Para otros, los tratamientos buscan controlar sus síntomas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud del Niño y Desarrollo Humano</p> Sistema endocrino Adrenal Gland Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de las glándulas suprarrenales Enfermedad de Addison Feocromocitoma Síndrome de Cushing Glándulas suprarrenales, Enfermedades de las Suprarrenales, Enfermedades de las glándulas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Las uñas de las manos y los pies protegen los tejidos de los dedos. Están formadas por capas de una proteína endurecida llamada queratina, que también se encuentra en el pelo y la piel. La salud de las uñas puede ser un indicador de su estado general de salud. Las uñas saludables suelen ser lisas y de un color uniforme. Los tipos específicos en la decoloración de las uñas y cambios en la tasa de crecimiento pueden indicar varias enfermedades pulmonares, cardíacas, renales y hepáticas, así como diabetes y anemia. Las manchas blancas y las crestas verticales son inofensivas. </p> <p>Los problemas de las uñas que a veces requieren tratamiento incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Infecciones por bacterias y hongos</li> <li>Uñas encarnadas</li> <li>Tumores</li> <li>Verrugas</li> </ul> <p>Mantener las uñas limpias, secas y bien cortadas puede ayudarle a evitar algunos problemas. No se corte la cutícula, ya que puede causar infecciones.</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Nail Diseases Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Hemorragias en astilla Paroniquia Uñas encarnadas Uñas, Enfermedades de las Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <h3>¿Qué son las enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas?</h3> <p>La enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas ocurre cuando una o más de las válvulas cardíacas no funcionan bien.</p> <p>El corazón tiene cuatro válvulas, tricúspide, pulmonar, mitral y aórtica. Las válvulas tienen aletas que se abren y cierran. Las aletas aseguran que la sangre fluya en la dirección correcta a través de su corazón y hacia el resto del cuerpo. Cuando su corazón late, las aletas se abren para dejar pasar la sangre. Entre los latidos del corazón se cierran para evitar que la sangre regrese.</p> <p>Si una o más de las válvulas del corazón no se abren o cierran como deben, puede afectar el flujo de sangre y sobrecargar su corazón. Afortunadamente, el tratamiento ayuda a la mayoría de las enfermedades de las válvulas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas?</h3> <p>Las válvulas cardíacas pueden tener tres tipos básicos de problemas:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Regurgitación o reflujo:</strong> Ocurre cuando las aletas de una válvula no cierran herméticamente. Esto permite que la sangre se filtre hacia atrás. Una causa común de regurgitación es el prolapso, donde las aletas de la válvula caen o sobresalen. El prolapso afecta con mayor frecuencia a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mitralvalveprolapse.html">válvula mitral</a></li> <li><strong>Estenosis:</strong> Ocurre cuando las aletas de una válvula se vuelven gruesas, rígidas o pegadas. Esto evita que la válvula cardíaca se abra por completo. No puede pasar suficiente sangre a través de la válvula. La estenosis de la válvula aórtica es un tipo común. Afecta la válvula que controla el flujo de sangre hacia la gran arteria que transporta la sangre desde el corazón hacia el resto del cuerpo</li> <li><strong>Atresia:</strong> Ocurre cuando una válvula cardíaca no se formó correctamente y no tiene una abertura para que pase la sangre</li> </ul> <p>En ocasiones, una válvula puede tener tanto regurgitación como estenosis.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa las enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas?</h3> <p>Algunas personas nacen con enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas. Esto se llama enfermedad congénita de las válvulas cardíacas. Puede ocurrir sola o junto a otros <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">defectos cardíacos congénitos</a>. La enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas también puede desarrollarse con el tiempo a medida que envejece o con ciertos problemas que afectan el corazón.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas?</h3> <p>Su probabilidad de tener una enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas es mayor si:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Es una persona mayor:</strong> Con la edad, las válvulas del corazón pueden volverse gruesas y rígidas</li> <li><strong>Tiene o ha tenido otras afecciones del corazón y vasos sanguíneos, incluyendo:</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Fiebre reumática:</strong> Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html">faringitis estreptocócica</a> no tratada puede convertirse en fiebre reumática, la que puede dañar las válvulas del corazón. Es posible que el daño no se manifieste durante años. Hoy en día, la mayoría de las personas toman <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a> para curar la faringitis estreptocócica antes de que cause daño a las válvulas cardíacas</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html">Endocarditis</a>:</strong> Infección rara en el revestimiento del corazón y las válvulas cardíacas. En general, es causada por bacterias en el torrente sanguíneo</li> <li><strong>Ataque al corazón</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Insuficiencia cardíaca</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a></strong>, especialmente cuando afecta la aorta (la arteria grande que lleva la sangre del corazón al resto del cuerpo)</li> <li><strong>Presión arterial alta</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">Colesterol alto en la sangre</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a> y sobrepeso</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Falta de actividad física</a></strong></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Antecedentes familiares de enfermedad cardíaca temprana:</strong> <ul> <li>Un padre o hermano que tuvo enfermedad cardíaca antes de los 55 años</li> <li>Una madre o hermana menor de 65 años que haya tenido una enfermedad cardíaca</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Nació con una válvula aórtica que no se formó bien:</strong> En ocasiones, esto puede causar problemas de inmediato. Otras veces, la válvula puede funcionar lo suficientemente bien durante años antes de causar problemas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas?</h3> <p>Muchas personas viven toda su vida con una válvula cardíaca que no funciona a la perfección y nunca tienen problemas. Pero la enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas puede empeorar lentamente con el tiempo, pudiendo desarrollar signos y síntomas como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a> (sensación de que no puede obtener suficiente aire)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html">Hinchazón</a> en pies, tobillos, abdomen (vientre) o las venas del cuello</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor en el pecho</a> cuando hace ejercicio</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Arritmia</a>, un problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html">desmayos</a></li> </ul> <p>Si no recibe tratamiento para la enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas, los síntomas y la tensión en su corazón pueden empeorar.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas pueden causar las enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas?</h3> <p>Cuando las válvulas no funcionan bien, su corazón tiene que bombear con más fuerza para llevar suficiente sangre al cuerpo. Sin tratamiento, esta carga de trabajo adicional en su corazón puede causar:</p> <ul> <li>Fallo cardiaco</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Accidente cerebrovascular</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">Coágulos sanguíneos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html">Paro cardíaco</a> o muerte</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede escuchar su corazón con un estetoscopio y chequear si su corazón emite sonidos anormales, como un clic o un soplo cardíaco. Estos sonidos pueden significar que una válvula no funciona normalmente. Usualmente, su proveedor lo derivará a un cardiólogo, un especialista en enfermedades del corazón.</p> <p>El médico también escuchará su corazón y le hará un examen físico. También es probable que necesite hacerse una o más <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">pruebas del corazón</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas?</h3> <p>La mayoría de los problemas de las válvulas cardíacas se pueden tratar con éxito. El tratamiento puede incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicinas</strong> para controlar sus síntomas y mantener su corazón bombeando bien</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html">Cambios de estilo de vida</a></strong> saludables para el corazón para tratar otras afecciones cardíacas relacionadas</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html">Cirugía</a></strong> para reparar o reemplazar una válvula</li> </ul> <p>Es posible que necesite cirugía, incluso si no tiene síntomas. Reparar la válvula puede ayudar a prevenir futuros problemas cardíacos.</p> <p>Hay muchas maneras de hacer una cirugía de válvulas cardíacas. Usted y su profesional de la salud pueden decidir qué es lo mejor para su caso, según el problema de su válvula y su salud en general. La cirugía de reparación de válvulas cardíacas tiene menos riesgos que el reemplazo de válvulas cardíacas. Por ello, cuando la reparación es posible, se prefiere al reemplazo de la válvula.</p> <p>En algunos casos, es necesario reemplazar la válvula. Hay 2 tipos de válvulas de repuesto:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Válvulas biológicas hechas de tejido porcino, vacuno o humano:</strong> Estas válvulas tienden a desgastarse después de 10 a 15 años, pero algunas pueden durar más</li> <li><strong>Válvulas mecánicas (hechas por el hombre):</strong> En general, estas válvulas no se desgastan. Pero con una válvula mecánica, usualmente tiene que tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">anticoagulantes</a> por el resto de su vida para prevenir la formación de coágulos de sangre. Y su riesgo de endocarditis (una infección del corazón) es mayor que con una válvula biológica</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Heart Valve Diseases Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Prolapso de la válvula mitral Rehabilitación cardíaca Estenosis valvular aórtica Fiebre reumática Soplos cardíacos Valvular aórtica, Estenosis Válvula aórtica Válvula mitral Válvula pulmonar Válvula tricúspide Válvulas cardíacas, Infección Válvulas del corazón, Enfermedades de las Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Mascotas y la salud de los humanos <p>Las enfermedades que las personas pueden contraer de los animales se llaman zoonosis. Muchas de las enfermedades que afectan a los humanos se pueden remontar a animales o a productos animales. Usted puede contagiarse directamente de un animal o indirectamente a través del ambiente. </p> <p>Los animales de granja pueden transmitir enfermedades. Si una persona los toca o toca objetos que éstos han tocado, como cercas o baldes, debe lavarse muy bien las manos. Los adultos deben asegurarse de que los niños que visitan las granjas o los zoológicos de mascotas también se laven bien las manos. </p> <p> Aunque puedan ser adorables y cariñosos, los animales salvajes pueden estar infectados con gérmenes, virus y parásitos. Los ciervos y el ratón ciervo son portadores (persona o animal que lleva y trae, en este caso, gérmenes) de garrapatas que causan la enfermedad de Lyme. Algunos animales salvajes son portadores de rabia. Disfrute los animales salvajes desde lejos. </p> <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pethealth.html">mascotas</a> también pueden transmitir enfermedades. Los reptiles plantean un riesgo particular. Las tortugas, las serpientes y las iguanas pueden transmitir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/salmonellainfections.html">Salmonella</a> a sus dueños. Usted puede contagiarse de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rabies.html">rabia</a> de un perro infectado o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html">toxoplasmosis</a> por manipular las arena sanitaria de un gato infectado. Las posibilidades de que su perro o su gato le contagien una enfermedad son pocas. Usted puede reducir el riesgo de contagio con una buena higiene, manteniendo limpias las áreas que las mascotas frecuentan y vacunando a su mascota cuando sea necesario. </p> Infecciones Animal Diseases and Your Health Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob Enfermedad de Lyme Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Enfermedad por arañazo de gato Gripe aviar Gripe H1N1 (gripe porcina) Mpox Rabia Salud de las mascotas Toxoplasmosis Virus del Nilo Occidental Animales y su salud Brucelosis Campilobacteriosis Fiebre Q Veterinaria Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Enfermedades de las vías biliares <p>El hígado produce un líquido digestivo llamado bilis. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladderdiseases.html">vesícula biliar</a> almacena la bilis entre comidas. Cuando usted come, la vesícula empuja la bilis por unos tubos llamados ductos biliares. Estos transportan la bilis hasta el intestino delgado. La bilis ayuda a digerir la grasa. También ayuda al intestino a eliminar toxina y desechos. </p> <p>Distintas enfermedades pueden bloquear los ductos biliares y causar un problema con el flujo de la bilis:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallstones.html">Cálculos biliares</a>: Pueden aumentar la presión en la vesícula y causar un ataque de vesícula. El dolor puede durar de una a varias horas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductcancer.html">Cáncer</a></li> <li>Infecciones</li> <li>Defectos congénitos, como la atresia biliar: Es la causa más común de trasplante de hígado infantil en Estados Unidos</li> <li>Inflamación: Esto puede causar cicatrices. Con el tiempo, puede provocar insuficiencia hepática </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Bile Duct Diseases Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de la vesícula biliar Enfermedades de la vesícula biliar Atresia biliar Biliar, Estenosis Cirrosis biliar Cirrosis biliar primaria Colangitis esclerosante Ductos biliares, Enfermedades de Obstrucción de las vías biliares Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Americana del Hígado Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Enfermedades óseas <p>Los huesos lo ayudan a moverse, le dan forma y apoyan a su cuerpo. Son tejidos vivos que se regeneran constantemente durante su vida. Durante la infancia y la adolescencia, el cuerpo agrega huesos nuevos más rápido de lo que elimina los antiguos. Después de los 20 años de edad, puede perder huesos más rápido de los que produce. Para tener huesos fuertes cuando se es joven, y prevenir la pérdida ósea en edades avanzadas, debe consumir suficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">vitamina D</a>, así como ejercitarse. Además debe evitar fumar y tomar mucho alcohol. </p> <p>Las enfermedades de los huesos pueden facilitar las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturas</a>. Estas enfermedades incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Baja <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html">densidad ósea</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>: Debilita los huesos y aumenta las probabilidades de fracturas</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteogenesisimperfecta.html">Osteogénesis imperfecta</a>: Hace que sus huesos sean frágiles y quebradizos </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pagetsdiseaseofbone.html">Enfermedad de Paget en el hueso</a>: Debilita los huesos</li> <li> Los huesos también pueden desarrollar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonecancer.html">cáncer</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/boneinfections.html">infecciones</a></li> <li>Otras enfermedades de los huesos: Producidas por una mala nutrición, factores genéticos o problemas con la velocidad de crecimiento o regeneración ósea</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Bone Diseases Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Cáncer de hueso Densidad ósea Enfermedad de Paget en el hueso Infecciones de los huesos Osteogénesis imperfecta Osteonecrosis Osteoporosis Raquitismo Fibrodisplasia Huesos, Enfermedades de Legg-Calve-Perthes, Enfermedad de Osteocondritis disecante Tumores óseos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Enfermedades oculares <p>Algunos problemas oculares son menores y efímeros. Pero otros, pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">pérdida de la visión</a> permanente. </p> <p>Los problemas oculares comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refractiveerrors.html">Errores de refracción</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html">Cataratas</a>: Cuando el cristalino se nubla</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opticnervedisorders.html">Trastornos del nervio óptico</a>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html">glaucoma</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldisorders.html">Enfermedades de la retina</a>: Problemas con la capa de nervios en la parte posterior del ojo </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html">Degeneración macular</a>: Enfermedad que destruye el enfoque central de la visión </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticeyeproblems.html">Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinkeye.html">Conjuntivitis</a>: Infección de la conjuntiva</li> </ul> <p>Su mejor defensa es hacerse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html">chequeos regulares</a>, porque las enfermedades del ojo no siempre tienen síntomas. La detección temprana y el tratamiento temprano pueden prevenir la ceguera. Si presenta cambios repentinos en la vista, tiene la vista borrosa o ve destellos de luz, busque de inmediato la ayuda de un especialista del ojo. Otros síntomas que requieren atención rápida son dolor, ver doble, secreción líquida en el ojo e inflamación.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo </p> Ojos y visión Eye Diseases Instituto Nacional del Ojo Ambliopía Anteojos, lentes de contacto y protección ocular Cataratas Cáncer de ojo Daltonismo Degeneración macular Desprendimiento de retina Enfermedades de la córnea Enfermedades de la retina Enfermedades de los párpados Errores de refracción Glaucoma Infecciones de los ojos Lesiones del ojo Lágrimas Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes Problemas y pérdida de la visión Trastornos de movimiento del ojo Oftalmología Ojo seco Ojos, Enfermedades de los Sequedad ocular Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Previniendo la Ceguera en EEUU Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Enfermedades ováricas <p>Los ovarios son parte del sistema reproductivo de la mujer. Las mujeres tienen dos ovarios, uno a cada lado del útero. Cada ovario es del tamaño y forma de una almendra. </p> <p>Los ovarios producen y almacenan los óvulos. Durante la ovulación, un ovario libera un óvulo. Si el óvulo es fecundando por un espermatozoide, puede producir un embarazo. Los ovarios también producen las hormonas femeninas estrógeno y progesterona. Cuando una mujer pasa por la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">menopausia</a>, sus ovarios dejan de producir estas hormonas y de liberar óvulos. </p> <p>Los problemas con los ovarios pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancancer.html">Cáncer de ovario</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancysts.html">Quistes ováricos</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">síndrome de ovario poliquístico</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html">Insuficiencia ovárica primaria</a></li> <li>Torsión ovárica, un torcimiento del ovario</li> </ul> Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Ovarian Disorders Cáncer de ovario Insuficiencia ovárica primaria Quistes ováricos Síndrome de ovario poliquístico Ovarios, Enfermedades de los Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Enfermedades pulmonares <h3>¿Qué son los pulmones?</h3> <p>Los pulmones son un par de órganos ubicados en el pecho. Son los órganos principales del sistema respiratorio y permiten respirar. Los pulmones suministran oxígeno al cuerpo para que las células obtengan el oxígeno que necesitan para vivir y funcionar. También eliminan el dióxido de carbono, un producto de desecho, del cuerpo.</p> <h3>¿Qué son las enfermedades pulmonares?</h3> <p>Las enfermedades pulmonares afectan los pulmones e impiden su funcionamiento normal. Estas afecciones pueden alterar su:</p> <ul> <li>Función respiratoria (capacidad para respirar)</li> <li>Función pulmonar (qué tan bien funcionan los pulmones)</li> </ul> <p>Algunas enfermedades pulmonares son agudas (de corta duración), mientras que otras son crónicas (de larga duración). Las enfermedades pulmonares crónicas suelen desarrollarse lentamente y pueden empeorar con el tiempo.</p> <p>Existen muchos tipos diferentes de enfermedades pulmonares, como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">Asma</a></li> <li>Bronquitis, que puede ser <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html">aguda</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html">crónica</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">EPOC</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">Gripe</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungcancer.html">Cáncer de pulmón</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">Neumonía</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryfibrosis.html">Fibrosis pulmonar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sarcoidosis.html">Sarcoidosis</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa las enfermedades pulmonares?</h3> <p>Algunas de las causas de las enfermedades pulmonares incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Infecciones <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">bacterianas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virales</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html">por hongos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar tabaco</a></li> <li>Respirar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">humo de segunda mano</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html">radón</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html">asbesto</a> y otras formas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html">contaminación del aire</a></li> <li>Genética</li> </ul> <p>En ocasiones, no se conoce la causa de una enfermedad pulmonar.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades pulmonares?</h3> <p>Los primeros signos de una enfermedad pulmonar pueden pasar desapercibidos fácilmente. A menudo, un signo temprano de enfermedad pulmonar es no tener el nivel de energía habitual.</p> <p>Diferentes enfermedades pulmonares pueden causar síntomas distintos, pero algunos de los síntomas más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a> que no desaparece</li> <li>Tos con sangre o mucosidad</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a> (sensación de que no se está obteniendo suficiente aire)</li> <li>Menor capacidad para hacer ejercicio</li> <li>Dolor o malestar al inhalar o exhalar</li> <li>Sibilancia</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades pulmonares?</h3> <p>Existen muchos tipos de pruebas para diagnosticar diferentes tipos de enfermedades pulmonares, como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">Pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes</a>, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografías</a> de tórax, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografías computarizadas</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancias magnéticas</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/">Broncoscopia</a>: Procedimiento que permite a su profesional de la salud observar sus pulmones. Implica insertar un tubo flexible a través de su nariz o boca hasta llegar a sus pulmones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">Pruebas de función pulmonar</a>: Pueden ayudar a su proveedor de atención médica a ver qué tan bien están funcionando sus pulmones. Muchas de ellas implican respirar a través de una boquilla. Otras son pruebas de ejercicio</li> <li>Pruebas que miden su nivel de oxígeno en sangre, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pulsioximetria/">oximetría</a> de pulso y una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-gasometria-arterial/">gasometría arterial</a> (que también mide sus niveles de dióxido de carbono)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">Biopsia</a></li> </ul> <p>Las pruebas que le realicen dependerán de sus síntomas y de la enfermedad pulmonar que su profesional de la salud piense que podría tener.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades pulmonares?</h3> <p>Su tratamiento dependerá de la enfermedad pulmonar que tenga. Algunos de los diferentes tipos de tratamientos para enfermedades pulmonares incluyen medicamentos, cirugía, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">oxigenoterapia</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">rehabilitación pulmonar</a>. Para algunas afecciones pulmonares muy graves, puede ser necesario un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html">trasplante de pulmón</a>.</p> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las enfermedades pulmonares?</h3> <p>No todas las enfermedades pulmonares se pueden prevenir. Pero puede reducir el riesgo de padecer algunas enfermedades pulmonares al:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">Dejar de fumar</a> (si no fuma, no comience)</li> <li>Evitar el humo de segunda mano</li> <li>Reducir su exposición a sustancias peligrosas como el radón y el asbesto</li> <li>Limitar su exposición a la contaminación del aire exterior</li> <li>Vacunarse contra la gripe y la neumonía</li> <li>Tener un estilo de vida saludable con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física regular</a> y una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html">dieta sana</a></li> </ul> <p class="">Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Dept. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE.UU</p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Lung Diseases Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Embolia pulmonar Enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial Fibrosis pulmonar Hipertensión pulmonar Insuficiencia respiratoria Neumonía Problemas respiratorios Terapia con oxígeno Trastornos de los bronquios Trastornos pleurales Virus respiratorio sincitial Linfangioleiomiomatosis Pulmones, Enfermedades Silicosis Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>Sus párpados ayudan a proteger a sus ojos. Cuando usted parpadea, sus párpados los humedecen. Parpadear también ayuda a limpiar la tierra u otras partículas en la superficie del ojo. Cerrar los ojos cuando algo se dirige a ellos puede protegerlo de lesiones. </p> <p>Como otras partes del cuerpo, los párpados pueden infectarse, inflamarse o hasta desarrollar cáncer. Hay otros problemas más específicos, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Párpados que se dan vuelta</li> <li>Párpados caídos</li> <li>Parpadeo anormal o espasmos</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento de los problemas de los párpados depende de la causa.</p> Ojos y visión Eyelid Disorders Instituto Nacional del Ojo Enfermedades de los ojos Párpados, Enfermedades de los Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Síntomas Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Plásticos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Enfermedades renales Nefropatías <p>Usted tiene dos riñones, cada uno cerca del tamaño de su puño. Se encuentran en la mitad de su espalda, justo debajo de sus costillas. Dentro de cada riñón hay un millón de estructuras pequeñas llamados nefrones. Ellos filtran los desechos y el exceso de agua de la sangre, lo que se vuelve orina. La orina fluye por tubos llamados uréteres, llegando a la vejiga, que almacena la orina hasta que usted va al baño. </p> <p>La mayoría de las enfermedades renales atacan los nefrones. Este daño causa que los riñones no puedan eliminar desechos. Las causas incluyen problemas genéticos, lesiones o medicamentos. Usted puede correr mayor riesgo de padecer una enfermedad renal si tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión alta</a> o un familiar cercano con algún problema de los riñones. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">enfermedad renal crónica</a> va dañando los nefrones de a poco con el transcurso del tiempo. Otras enfermedades de los riñones pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html">Cáncer</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycysts.html">Quistes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneystones.html">Piedras</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">Infecciones</a></li> </ul> <p>Su médico puede hacerle <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">pruebas de sangre y de orina</a> para detectar si tiene enfermedad renal. Si los riñones <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">fallan</a> completamente, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html">trasplante renal</a> o el tratamiento con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">diálisis</a> puede reemplazar la función que normalmente desempeñan los riñones.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Riñones y sistema urinario Kidney Diseases Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de riñón Enfermedad renal crónica Insuficiencia renal Orina y micción Piedras en los riñones Problemas de los riñones asociados con la diabetes Quistes renales Trasplante de riñón Glomerulonefritis Glomerulosclerosis Goodpasture Nefritis Nefropatía Renales, Enfermedades Riñón, Enfermedades del Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Enfermedad Renal NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Enfermedades testiculares <p>Los testículos producen las hormonas masculinas y el esperma. Son dos órganos ovalados ubicados dentro del escroto, que es una bolsa de piel que se encuentra detrás del pene. Es fácil lesionar los testículos porque no están protegidos por huesos o músculos. Los hombres y los niños deben usar suspensorios al practicar cualquier deporte. </p> <p>Debe examinarse los testículos mensualmente y buscar atención médica si detecta nódulos, enrojecimiento, dolor y otros cambios. Los testículos pueden inflamarse o infectarse. También pueden desarrollar cáncer. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/testicularcancer.html">cáncer de testículos</a> es poco frecuente y muy tratable. Suele ocurrir entre los 15 y los 40 años.</p> Sistema endocrino Hombres Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor masculino Testicular Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de testículo Enfermedades del pene Genitales masculinos, Enfermedades de los Hernia inguinal Hidrocele Testículos, Enfermedades de los Traumatismo testicular Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Enfermedades anales <h3>¿Qué es el ano?</h3> <p>El ano es la abertura al final del intestino grueso. Es por donde las heces (excremento) salen del cuerpo.</p> <h3>¿Qué son las enfermedades del ano?</h3> <p>Los problemas con el ano son comunes. Estos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html">Hemorroides</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html">Abscesos</a></li> <li>Fisuras, pequeñas grietas o desgarros en el revestimiento del ano</li> <li>Fístula anorrectal, un túnel anormal desde el ano o el recto hasta la superficie de la piel</li> <li>Picazón anal (prurito anal)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analcancer.html">Cáncer</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades del ano?</h3> <p>Sus síntomas dependen del trastorno que tenga. Pero algunos de los síntomas más comunes pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">Hemorragia gastrointestinal</a></li> <li>Secreción</li> <li>Picazón</li> <li>Dolor</li> <li>Inflamación</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades del ano?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud le preguntará acerca de sus síntomas y antecedentes médicos. Dependiendo de sus síntomas, su proveedor puede:</p> <ul> <li>Examinar la piel alrededor del ano para ver si hay algo que parezca anormal</li> <li>Realizar un examen rectal digital. Para este examen, el profesional de la salud introduce un dedo enguantado y lubricado en la parte inferior del recto para palpar si hay bultos o algo inusual</li> <li>Solicitar pruebas, como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anoscopia/">anoscopía</a></li> </ul> <p>Puede que sienta vergüenza al hablar de sus problemas del ano, pero es importante informar a su profesional de la salud sobre sus síntomas, especialmente si tiene dolor o sangrado. Cuantos más detalles pueda entregar sobre su problema, mejor podrá ayudarlo su proveedor de atención médica.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se tratan los trastornos anales?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos varían según la afección que tenga.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Anal Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer del ano Cáncer del colon y del recto Enfermedades rectales Hemorroides Ano, Enfermedades del Enfermedades anales Esplenomegalia Fisura anal Proctitis Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Síntomas Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto <p>El bazo es un órgano que se encuentra en su costado izquierdo, por arriba del estómago y debajo de las costillas. Tiene el tamaño aproximado de su puño. El bazo forma parte del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html">sistema linfático</a>, que combate las infecciones y mantiene el equilibrio de los líquidos del cuerpo. Contiene los glóbulos blancos que luchan contra los gérmenes. El bazo también ayuda a controlar la cantidad de sangre del organismo y destruye las células envejecidas y dañadas. </p> <p>Algunas enfermedades pueden provocar una inflamación del bazo. Los traumatismos también pueden lesionar o romper el bazo, especialmente si ya está inflamado. Si el bazo se encuentra muy afectado, es posible que sea necesaria una extirpación quirúrgica. Se puede vivir sin el bazo. Otros órganos, como el hígado, harán algunas de las funciones del bazo. Sin embargo, sin el bazo, el cuerpo perderá parte de su capacidad para combatir las infecciones.</p> Sistema inmunitario Spleen Diseases Enfermedades del sistema linfático Bazo, Enfermedades del Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>El cartílago es el tejido firme, pero flexible, que cubre los extremos de los huesos en una articulación. También da forma y apoyo a otras partes del cuerpo, tales como a las orejas, la nariz y la tráquea. El cartílago sano ayuda a moverse al permitir que los huesos se deslicen por encima de los otros. También protege a los huesos impidiendo que se froten entre sí. </p> <p>El cartílago lesionado, inflamado o dañado puede causar síntomas como dolor y limitación del movimiento. También puede conducir a daños articulares y deformidad. Entre las causas de problemas en los cartílagos se encuentran:</p><ul> <li> Rupturas y lesiones, como en las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">lesiones causadas por los deportes</a> </li> <li> Factores genéticos </li> <li> Otras enfermedades, tales como algunos tipos de artritis </li> </ul> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html">osteoartritis</a> resulta de la degradación del cartílago.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Cartilage Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Enfermedades del tejido conectivo Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla Lesiones y enfermedades del codo Problemas de las articulaciones Cartílago, Enfermedades del Desgarro meniscal Hallux rigidus Osteocondritis disecante Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer <p>Cuando usted toca el piano o golpea una pelota de tenis, usted esta activando el cerebelo. El cerebelo es el área del cerebro que controla la coordinación y el equilibrio. Los problemas con el cerebelo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cáncer</li> <li>Enfermedades genéticas</li> <li>Ataxias: Falta de control muscular en los brazos y piernas que resultan en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html">trastornos del movimiento</a></li> <li>Degeneración: Problemas causados por células del cerebro que disminuyen en tamaño o se consumen</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento de los problemas en el cerebelo depende de la causa. En algunos casos no existe una cura, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar con los síntomas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Cerebellar Disorders Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Cerebelo, Enfermedades del Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Enfermedades cerebrales <p>El cerebro es el centro de control del cuerpo. Controla sus pensamientos, memoria, habla y movimiento. Regula la función de muchos órganos. Es parte del sistema nervioso, que también incluye la médula espinal y los nervios periféricos. El sistema nervioso envía señales entre el cerebro y el resto del cuerpo. Sus nervios registran información de sus sentidos y la envían a su cerebro para ser procesada. Su cerebro y sus nervios también se comunican para ayudarle a moverse y controlar las funciones del cuerpo.</p> <p>Cuando el cerebro está sano, funciona de forma rápida y automática. Pero cuando tiene una enfermedad cerebral, puede afectar qué tan bien puede funcionar y realizar sus actividades diarias. Algunas enfermedades cerebrales comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html">Tumores cerebrales</a>: Pueden ejercer presión sobre los nervios y afectar la función cerebral</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html">Enfermedades neurodegenerativas</a>: Pueden afectar muchas de las actividades del cuerpo, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html">equilibrio</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html">movimiento</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">habla</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">respiración</a> y la función del corazón. Los tipos incluyen la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">enfermedad de Alzheimer</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html">Encefalitis</a> (inflamación del cerebro): Puede provocar problemas como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">pérdida de la visión</a>, debilidad y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html">parálisis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticbraindisorders.html">Trastornos cerebrales genéticos</a>: Son causados por cambios en los genes (también llamados variantes o mutaciones). Estos trastornos pueden afectar el desarrollo y la función del cerebro</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Accidentes cerebrovasculares</a>: Pueden provocar la pérdida de células cerebrales y afectar la capacidad para pensar con claridad</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">Lesiones cerebrales traumáticas</a>: Pueden afectar la función cerebral. Pueden variar de leves a graves. Los efectos de una lesión cerebral traumática pueden ser temporales o permanentes</li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas de las enfermedades cerebrales varían ampliamente, dependiendo del problema específico. En algunos casos, el daño es permanente. En otros casos, tratamientos como cirugía, medicamentos o terapias como terapia física, ocupacional y del habla pueden curar la enfermedad o mejorar los síntomas.</p> Cerebro y nervios Brain Diseases Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Accidente cerebrovascular Demencia Encefalitis Enfermedad de Alzheimer Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob Enfermedades del cerebelo Enfermedades neurodegenerativas Epilepsia Hidrocefalia Malformaciones del cerebro Trastornos cerebrales genéticos Tumores cerebrales Cerebro, Enfermedades del Cerebro, Tumores Kuru Leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva Tronco cerebral, Enfermedades del Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Americana del Hígado Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Enfermedades del intestino colon <p>El colon, también llamado intestino grueso, es parte de su sistema digestivo. Es un tubo largo y hueco que se encuentra al final del sistema digestivo, en el cual el cuerpo produce y almacena las heces. Existen muchos trastornos que pueden afectar su capacidad para funcionar adecuadamente. Entre ellos:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html">Cáncer colorrectal</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html">Pólipos del colon</a>: crecimientos de tejido en el colon que pueden hacerse cancerosos </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html">Colitis ulcerativa</a>: úlceras en el colon y el recto </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html">Diverticulitis</a>: inflamación o infección de pequeños sacos o divertículos en el colon </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html">Síndrome del intestino irritable</a>: un cuadro molesto que causa cólicos abdominales y otros síntomas </li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento de las enfermedades de colon varía ampliamente dependiendo de la enfermedad y su severidad. Puede incluir dieta, medicinas y, en algunos casos, la cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Colonic Diseases Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Colitis ulcerativa Colonoscopía Cáncer del colon y del recto Diverticulosis y diverticulitis Enfermedad de Crohn Obstrucción intestinal Pólipos del colon Síndrome del intestino irritable Colitis Colitis isquémica Colon, Enfermedades del (General) Hirschsprung, Enfermedad de Intestino grueso, Enfermedades del Intestino largo, Enfermedades del Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Gastrointestinales Endoscópicos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Cardiopatías Enfermedades cardíacas <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad del corazón?</h3> <p>La enfermedad cardíaca o del corazón es un término general que incluye muchos tipos de problemas cardíacos. También se conoce como enfermedad cardiovascular, es decir, enfermedad del corazón y de los vasos sanguíneos.</p> <p>La enfermedad cardíaca es la principal causa de muerte en los Estados Unidos, pero hay formas de prevenir y controlar muchos tipos de enfermedades del corazón.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de enfermedades del corazón?</h3> <p>Hay muchos tipos diferentes de enfermedades del corazón. Las que se nace con ellas se conocen como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">cardiopatías congénitas</a>. Otros tipos se desarrollan durante su vida.</p> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a> (o enfermedad cardíaca coronaria) es el tipo más común de enfermedad cardíaca. Ocurre lentamente con el tiempo cuando una sustancia pegajosa llamada placa se acumula en las arterias que suministran sangre al músculo cardíaco. La placa estrecha o bloquea el flujo de sangre al músculo cardíaco y puede provocar otros problemas cardíacos:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html">Angina</a>: Dolor en el pecho por falta de flujo sanguíneo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">Ataque cardíaco</a>: Cuando parte del músculo cardíaco muere debido a la pérdida de flujo sanguíneo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Insuficiencia cardíaca</a>: Cuando su corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre para satisfacer las necesidades de su cuerpo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Arritmia</a>: Problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón</li> </ul> <p>Otros tipos de enfermedades cardíacas pueden afectar las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html">válvulas cardíacas</a> o el músculo cardíaco (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiomyopathy.html">miocardiopatía</a>).</p> <h3>¿Qué causa las enfermedades del corazón?</h3> <p>Las causas de las enfermedades del corazón dependen del tipo de enfermedad. Algunas causas posibles incluyen el estilo de vida, la genética, las infecciones, los medicamentos y otras enfermedades.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener enfermedades del corazón?</h3> <p>Muchos factores diferentes pueden hacerle más propenso a tener enfermedades del corazón. Algunos de estos factores se pueden cambiar, pero otros no.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Edad:</strong> Su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca aumenta a medida que envejece</li> <li><strong>Sexo:</strong> Algunos factores pueden afectar el riesgo de enfermedades del corazón de manera diferente en las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">mujeres</a> que en los hombres</li> <li><strong>Antecedentes familiares y genética:</strong> Una historia familiar de enfermedad cardíaca temprana aumenta el riesgo de enfermedades del corazón. Además, las investigaciones han demostrado que algunos genes están relacionados con un mayor riesgo de ciertas enfermedades del corazón</li> <li><strong>Raza/etnicidad:</strong> Ciertos grupos tienen mayores riesgos que otros</li> <li><strong>Hábitos de estilo de vida:</strong> Con el tiempo, hábitos de estilo de vida poco saludables pueden aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca: <ul> <li>Comer una dieta alta en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">grasas</a> saturadas, carbohidratos refinados y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sal</a></li> <li>No hacer suficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">ejercicio</a></li> <li>Beber demasiado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a> y exponerse al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">humo de segunda mano</a></li> <li>Demasiado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Tener otras afecciones médicas</strong> puede aumentar su riesgo de enfermedades del corazón. Estos problemas incluyen: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial alta</a></li> <li>Niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">colesterol</a> altos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">Enfermedades autoinmunes</a> e inflamatorias</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">Enfermedad renal crónica</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html">Síndrome metabólico</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades del corazón?</h3> <p>Los síntomas dependerán del tipo de enfermedad cardíaca que tenga. Es posible que no tenga síntomas al principio. En algunos casos, es posible que no sepa que tiene una enfermedad cardíaca hasta que tenga una complicación, como un ataque al corazón.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades del corazón?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene una enfermedad cardíaca, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntar sobre su <strong>historia clínica</strong>, incluyendo sus síntomas</li> <li>Preguntar sobre la <strong>historia de salud de su familia</strong>, incluyendo los familiares que han tenido enfermedades del corazón</li> <li>Hacer un <strong>examen físico</strong></li> <li>Es probable que solicite <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">pruebas del corazón</a></strong> y <strong>análisis de sangre</strong></li> </ul> <p>En algunos casos, su profesional de la salud puede referirlo a un cardiólogo (un especialista en enfermedades del corazón) para pruebas, diagnóstico y atención.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades del corazón?</h3> <p>Los planes de tratamiento para la enfermedad cardíaca dependen del tipo de enfermedad cardíaca que tenga, la gravedad de sus síntomas y otras afecciones médicas que pueda tener. Los posibles tratamientos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Cambios de estilo de vida saludables para el corazón</li> <li>Medicamentos</li> <li>Procedimientos o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html">cirugías</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html">Rehabilitación cardíaca</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las enfermedades del corazón?</h3> <p>Es posible que pueda bajar el riesgo de ciertas enfermedades cardíacas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html">haciendo cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón</a> y controlando cualquier otra afección médica que tenga.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Personas mayores Sangre, corazón y circulación Heart Diseases Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Angina de pecho Arritmia Ataque al corazón Cardiomiopatía Cirugías de corazón Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón Defectos cardíacos congénitos Endocarditis Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias Enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón Fallo cardíaco Paro cardíaco Problemas del corazón asociados con la diabetes Rehabilitación cardíaca Trastornos del pericardio Corazón, Enfermedades del Derrame pericárdico Hipertrofia ventricular izquierda Miocarditis Periocarditis Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto del Corazón de Texas Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Información de referencia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Fácil de leer Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad cardíaca?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedad cardíaca</a> es un término general que incluye muchos tipos de problemas del corazón. También se llama enfermedad cardiovascular, lo que significa enfermedad del corazón y de los vasos sanguíneos.</p> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a> (también llamada enfermedad coronaria) es el tipo más común de enfermedad cardíaca tanto en hombres como en mujeres. Ocurre lentamente con el tiempo cuando una sustancia pegajosa llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">placa se acumula en las arterias</a> que suministran sangre al músculo cardíaco. La placa estrecha o bloquea el flujo de sangre al músculo cardíaco y puede causar:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html">Angina de pecho</a>: Dolor en el pecho por falta de flujo sanguíneo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">Ataques cardíacos</a>: Ocurre cuando parte del músculo cardíaco muere debido a la pérdida de flujo sanguíneo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Fallo cardíaco</a>: Sucede cuando el corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre para satisfacer las necesidades del cuerpo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Arritmia</a>: Problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo afecta la enfermedad cardíaca a las mujeres?</h3> <p>En los Estados Unidos, la enfermedad cardíaca es la principal causa de muerte en mujeres. Sin embargo, a menudo las mujeres no son diagnosticadas con enfermedad cardíaca con la misma rapidez que los hombres. Esto se debe a que:</p> <ul> <li>Las mujeres son más propensas que los hombres a tener una enfermedad cardíaca "silenciosa", es decir, no tienen síntomas</li> <li>Es posible que los profesionales de la salud no reconozcan la enfermedad cardíaca en las mujeres porque sus síntomas pueden ser diferentes a los hombres</li> <li>Las mujeres son más propensas que los hombres a tener ciertos tipos de enfermedades del corazón que pueden ser más difíciles de diagnosticar</li> </ul> <p>Un retraso en el diagnóstico puede significar una demora en la atención médica que podría ayudar a prevenir problemas graves, como un ataque cardiaco. Por ello, es importante conocer su riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, los síntomas en las mujeres y cómo mantener su corazón sano.</p> <h3>¿Qué tipos de enfermedades cardíacas presentan las mujeres?</h3> <p>Las mujeres pueden tener cualquier tipo de enfermedad cardíaca. Al igual que los hombres, el tipo más común de enfermedad cardíaca en mujeres es la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias. Sin embargo, hay ciertos tipos de enfermedades del corazón que son menos comunes, pero afectan a las mujeres con más frecuencia que a los hombres:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Enfermedad coronaria microvascular:</strong> Dolor en el pecho por espasmos (contracciones repentinas) en las arterias más pequeñas del corazón que impiden el flujo de sangre. Por lo general, ocurre durante el descanso o las actividades de rutina. Esta afección grave aumenta el riesgo de sufrir un ataque cardiaco u otras enfermedades del corazón. Este tipo puede ser más difícil de diagnosticar ya que las obstrucciones en las arterias más pequeñas pueden ser más difíciles de ver en las pruebas de imagen</li> <li><strong>Síndrome del corazón roto:</strong> Fuerte dolor en el pecho u otros signos parecidos a un ataque al corazón. Es causado por el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a> de emociones intensas, como un profundo dolor, ira o sorpresa. Puede suceder incluso si está sano. Afecta principalmente a las mujeres después de la menopausia y, por lo general, no causa ningún daño duradero</li> <li><strong>Angina variante:</strong> Un tipo raro de fuerte dolor en el pecho debido a espasmos en las arterias del corazón. En general, el dolor ocurre en un patrón durante el sueño. La angina variante rara vez causa un ataque al corazón</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quiénes son más propensas a desarrollar enfermedades del corazón?</h3> <p>Su riesgo de desarrollar una enfermedad cardíaca aumenta con:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">Menopausia</a>:</strong> Las mujeres pueden desarrollar enfermedades cardíacas a cualquier edad, pero su riesgo aumenta después de que cesan sus períodos, generalmente a los 55 años. Antes de la menopausia, su cuerpo produce más estrógeno (una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormona</a> femenina) que ayuda a protegerse contra las enfermedades cardíacas. Por ello, las mujeres generalmente desarrollan la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias 10 años más tarde que los hombres. Durante y después de la menopausia, los niveles de estrógeno disminuyen y aumenta el riesgo de enfermedades del corazón. Si sus períodos se detienen antes de los 40 años, su riesgo será mayor que el de otras mujeres de su edad</li> <li><strong>Antecedentes familiares de enfermedades del corazón:</strong> Su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca puede ser mayor si su: <ul> <li>Madre o hermana tuvo una enfermedad cardíaca antes de los 65 años</li> <li>Padre o hermano tuvo una enfermedad cardíaca antes de los 55 años</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Problemas durante el embarazo</strong>, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html">diabetes gestacional</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia</a> y preeclampsia</li> <li><strong>Uso de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">anticonceptivos</a> hormonales</strong> (píldoras, parches o anillos vaginales con estrógeno y progesterona)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endometriosis.html">Endometriosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">Síndrome de ovario poliquístico</a></li> <li>Enfermedades inflamatorias y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">autoinmunes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html">Síndrome metabólico</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentalhealth.html">Problemas de salud mental</a>, como estrés, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Riesgos para la salud por falta de actividad física</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a> o sobrepeso</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" tid="6786">Niveles bajos de colesterol "bueno" (HDL)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a> de leve a moderada</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a></li> </ul> <p>Si tiene uno o más riesgos de enfermedad cardíaca, pídale ayuda a su profesional de la salud para comprender su nivel de riesgo. Pregunte si necesita alguna <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">prueba del corazón</a> para ayudar a detectar la enfermedad cardíaca a tiempo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades cardíacas y los ataques cardíacos en las mujeres?</h3> <p>Cuando las mujeres tienen síntomas de <strong>enfermedad cardíaca</strong>, pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor o malestar en el pecho que puede ser difuso y pesado o agudo</li> <li>Dolor en el cuello, la mandíbula, la garganta, la parte superior del abdomen o la espalda</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náuseas o vómitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a> inusual</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a> (sensación de que no puede obtener suficiente aire) durante la actividad física</li> </ul> <p>Las mujeres que tienen <strong>enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</strong> son más propensas que los hombres a tener dolor en el pecho cuando descansan o realizan sus actividades diarias, a diferencia de cuando hacen ejercicio. También son más propensas que los hombres a sentir dolor en el pecho por estrés mental.</p> <p>Los síntomas de un <strong>ataque al corazón</strong> en las mujeres también pueden ser diferentes a los de los hombres. El dolor torácico es el síntoma más común para ambos sexos. Pueden sentirse como aplastadas o apretadas. Pero las mujeres son algo menos propensas que los hombres a tener dolor en el pecho.</p> <p>Durante un <strong>ataque al corazón</strong>, las mujeres pueden sentir:</p> <ul> <li>Presión u opresión en el pecho</li> <li>Dolor en la parte superior de la espalda, brazos, cuello, mandíbula o garganta</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a></li> <li>Fatiga inusual</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indigestion.html">Indigestión</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html">acidez estomacal</a>, náuseas o vómitos</li> <li>Dolor de estómago</li> <li>Dificultad para respirar</li> </ul> <p>Los ataques cardíacos generalmente no se parecen a los eventos repentinos y dramáticos que vemos en las películas. Los síntomas pueden ser leves o fuertes. Pueden comenzar lentamente. Pueden parar y luego volver.</p> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las enfermedades del corazón en las mujeres?</h3> <p>Usted puede ayudar a reducir su riesgo al:</p> <ul> <li>Aprender a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html">prevenir enfermedades cardíacas</a> y hacer que los hábitos saludables para el corazón formen parte de su vida diaria</li> <li>Preguntar a su profesional de la salud sobre su riesgo personal de enfermedad cardíaca y la mejor manera de manetener la salud de su corazón</li> </ul> <p>Recuerde, las mujeres pueden tener enfermedades del corazón sin síntomas. Pero si presta atención a su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca, puede tomar medidas para prevenir problemas o evitar que empeoren.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Mujeres Sangre, corazón y circulación Heart Disease in Women Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Angioplastía Arritmia Bypass de la arteria coronaria Defectos cardíacos congénitos Enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón Fallo cardíaco Corazón, Enfermedades en la mujer Mujer, Enfermedades del corazón Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana del Corazón Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana del Corazón Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>El cóccix es el pequeño hueso ubicado al final de la columna vertebral. Los trastornos del cóccix incluyen traumatismos, dolor, infecciones, quistes y tumores. Raramente se fractura. Pero los traumatismos provocan hematomas y distensión de los ligamentos. Una caída hacia atrás sobre una superficie dura, como resbalarse en el hielo, es la causa más común de estos traumatismos. Los síntomas de varios trastornos del cóccix incluyen dolor en el área del hueso, dolor al sentarse, dolor o entumecimiento en los brazos o las piernas debido a la presión sobre los nervios de la región del cóccix y una masa o crecimiento que puede ver o tocar.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Tailbone Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Cóccix, Enfermedades del Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Enfermedades estomacales <p>El estómago es un órgano que se encuentra entre el esófago y el intestino delgado. En él comienza la digestión de las proteínas. El estómago cumple con tres funciones. Almacena la comida deglutida. Mezcla la comida con los ácidos gástricos. Luego envía la mezcla hacia el intestino delgado. </p> <p>Probablemente ya tuvo un problema en el estómago alguna vez. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indigestion.html">indigestión</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html">acidez</a> son problemas comunes. Es posible aliviar algunos problemas gástricos con medicinas sin receta médica y cambios en el estilo de vida, tales como evitar las comidas grasosas o comer más lentamente. Otros problemas como las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html">úlcera pépticas</a> o la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">ERGE</a> necesitan atención médica. </p> <p>Debe ver a un médico si tiene alguno de los siguientes síntomas:</p> <ul> <li> Presencia de sangre en las heces </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">Dolor abdominal</a> severo </li> <li> Acidez que no mejora con los antiácidos </li> <li> Pérdida de peso no intencional </li> <li>Vómitos o diarrea persistentes</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Stomach Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de estómago Dolor abdominal Gastroenteritis Indigestión Náusea y vómitos Úlcera péptica Estómago, Enfermedades del Gastritis Gastroparesia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>El esófago es el tubo muscular que transporta alimentos y líquidos desde la boca al estómago. Es posible que no esté consciente de su esófago hasta que trague algo demasiado grande, demasiado caliente o demasiado frío. También puede notarlo cuando algo anda mal. Puede sentir dolor o tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">problemas para tragar</a>. </p> <p>El problema más común con el esófago es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico</a> (ERGE). La ERGE ocurre cuando un músculo que se encuentra al final del esófago no se cierra adecuadamente. Esto permite al contenido del estómago volver hacia el esófago y lo irrite, conocido como reflujo. Con el tiempo, la ERGE puede causar lesiones en el esófago. </p> <p>Otros problemas incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html">acidez</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html">cáncer</a> y esofagitis. Los médicos pueden usar varios exámenes para diagnosticarla. Estos incluyen pruebas de imagen, una endoscopia superior y una biopsia.</p> <p>El tratamiento depende del problema. Algunas personas mejoran con medicinas sin receta médica o con cambios en la dieta. Otras, pueden necesitar medicinas con receta o cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Oído, nariz y garganta Esophagus Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de esófago Problemas para tragar Reflujo gastroesofágico Acalasia Barret, Síndrome Esfófago, Várices sangrantes Esofágicas, Enfermedades Espasmos esofágicos Esófago, Enfermedades del Esófago, Espasmos Várices esofágicas sangrantes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Cirujanos Torácicos Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Enfermedades hepáticas Hepatopatías <p>El hígado es el órgano de mayor tamaño dentro del cuerpo. Ayuda al organismo a digerir los alimentos, almacena energía y elimina toxinas. </p> <p>Existen muchos tipos de enfermedades hepáticas:</p> <ul> <li>Enfermedades causadas por virus, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html">hepatitis A</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html">hepatitis B</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html">hepatitis C</a></li> <li>Enfermedades causadas por drogas, venenos o toxinas o por ingerir demasiado alcohol. Los ejemplos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fattyliverdisease.html">enfermedad por hígado graso</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html">cirrosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html">Cáncer de hígado</a></li> <li>Enfermedades hereditarias, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html">hemocromatosis</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilsondisease.html">enfermedad de Wilson</a></li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas de la enfermedad hepática pueden variar, pero a menudo incluyen hinchazón del abdomen y las piernas, tener moretones con facilidad, cambios en el color de las heces y la orina, y piel y ojos amarillentos o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html">ictericia</a>. A veces no hay síntomas. Las pruebas de imagen o de función hepática pueden comprobar si hay daño en el hígado o ayudar a diagnosticar enfermedades del hígado. </p> Sistema digestivo Liver Diseases Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cirrosis Cáncer de hígado Enfermedad de Wilson Hepatitis Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Ictericia Síndrome de Reye Trasplante de hígado Esteatohepatitis no alcohólica Hígado, Enfermedades del Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Americana del Hígado Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Americana del Hígado Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Americana del Hígado Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Americana del Hígado Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Americana del Hígado Spanish/Español Niños/as Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Americana del Hígado Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>El intestino delgado es la parte más larga de su sistema digestivo - ¡casi 20 pies (6 metros) de largo! Conecta el estómago al intestino grueso (colon) y se dobla muchas veces para entrar en el abdomen. El intestino delgado hace la mayor parte de la digestión de la comida que usted come. Tiene tres áreas: el duodeno, el íleon y el yeyuno. </p> <p>Los posibles problemas con el intestino delgado pueden ser:</p> <ul> <li>Sangrado</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html">Enfermedad celíaca</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html">Enfermedad de Crohn</a></li> <li>Infecciones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalcancer.html">Cáncer de intestino</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html">Obstrucción intestinal</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html">Síndrome del intestino irritable</a></li> <li>Ulceras, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html">úlcera péptica</a></li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento de estos problemas depende de la causa. </p> Sistema digestivo Small Intestine Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de intestino Diarrea Enfermedad celíaca Enfermedad de Crohn Enfermedades del sistema digestivo Estomas Gastroenteritis Hemorragia gastrointestinal Obstrucción intestinal Síndrome del intestino irritable Síndromes de malabsorción Úlcera péptica Intestino delgado, Enfermedades del Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH <p>El oído tiene tres partes principales: externo, medio e interno. Para oír se utilizan todas ellas. Las ondas sonoras entran por el oído externo. Llegan al oído medio, donde hacen vibrar el tímpano. Las vibraciones se transmiten a través de tres huesos diminutos llamados osículos que se encuentran en el oído medio. Las vibraciones viajan hacia el oído interno, un órgano curvilíneo con forma de serpiente. El oído interno transmite los impulsos nerviosos hasta el cerebro. El cerebro los identifica como sonidos. El oído interno también controla el equilibrio.</p> <p>Muchas enfermedades pueden afectar el oído o el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html">equilibrio</a>:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html">Infecciones de oído</a> son las más comunes en bebés y niños pequeños.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tinnitus.html">Tinnitus</a>, un rumor que se escucha en el oído y que puede ser a consecuencia de ruidos fuertes, medicinas o algunas otras causas.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menieresdisease.html">Enfermedad de Ménière</a> puede resultar debido a problemas con líquidos en el oído medio; sus síntomas incluyen tinnitus y vértigo.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/barotrauma.html">Barotrauma</a> del oído, que es una lesión al oído a causa de cambios en la presión barométrica (aire) o del agua. </li> </ul> <p>Algunas enfermedades del oído pueden terminar en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">problemas de la audición y sordera</a>.</p> Oído, nariz y garganta Ear Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Enfermedad de Ménière Infecciones de los oídos Neuroma acústico Problemas de la audición y sordera Oído, Enfermedades del Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Enfermedades peneales <p>Los problemas en el pene pueden causar dolor y afectar el funcionamiento sexual y la fertilidad en los hombres. Las enfermedades del pene incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html">Disfunción eréctil</a>: incapacidad para lograr o mantener una erección</li> <li>Priapismo: erección dolorosa que no desaparece</li> <li>Enfermedad de Peyronie: curvatura en el pene durante la erección debido a una masa dura denominada placa</li> <li>Balanitis: inflamación de la piel que recubre la cabeza del pene, con mayor frecuencia en hombres y niños que no han sido circuncidados</li> <li>Cáncer de pene: una forma rara de cáncer, con muchas posibilidades de curación cuando se detecta con anticipación</li> </ul> Hombres Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor masculino Penis Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Circuncisión Cáncer de testículo Disfunción eréctil Enfermedades de los testículos Epispadia Genitales masculinos, Enfermedades de los Parafimosis Pene, Cáncer Pene, Enfermedades del Pene, Trauma Peneales, Enfermedades Peyronie, Enfermedad Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centro Coordinador Nacional de Información sobre Enfermedades de los Riñones y de las Vías Urinarias NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Información de referencia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Enfermedades pancreáticas <p>El páncreas es una glándula localizada detrás del estómago y por delante de la columna. Produce jugos que ayudan a descomponer los alimentos y hormonas que ayudan a controlar los niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">azúcar en la sangre</a>. Los problemas en el páncreas pueden conducir a muchos problemas de salud. Entre ellos:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreatitis.html">Pancreatitis</a> o inflamación del páncreas: esto ocurre cuando las enzimas digestivas comienzan a digerir al mismo páncreas </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticcancer.html">Cáncer de páncreas</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html">Fibrosis quística</a>, un trastorno genético en el que una secreción mucosa espesa y pegajosa pueden obstruir los conductos pancreáticos </li> </ul> <p>El páncreas también tiene un papel en la diabetes. En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo I</a>, las células beta del páncreas no producen insulina debido a una reacción del sistema inmunitario del cuerpo contra ellas. En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>, el páncreas pierde la capacidad de segregar suficiente insulina en respuesta a las comidas. </p> Sistema digestivo Sistema endocrino Pancreatic Diseases Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de páncreas Fibrosis quística Pancreatitis Trasplante de páncreas Páncreas, Enfermedades del Zollinger-Ellison, Síndrome Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Enfermedades de las mamas Enfermedades de los pechos <p>La mayoría de las mujeres experimenta cambios en los senos en algún momento de su vida. La edad, los niveles hormonales y las medicinas que toman pueden causar bultos, masas y secreciones (fluidos o líquidos que no son leche materna). </p> <p>Si nota un bulto, dolor, secreción o irritación en la piel de uno o de los dos senos, consulte a su médico. Tanto los problemas graves como los no graves tienen síntomas similares. Aunque muchas mujeres les tienen miedo al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html">cáncer</a>, la mayoría de los problemas en los senos no son cáncer. </p> <p>Algunos cambios comunes en los senos son:</p><ul> <li> Cambios fibroquísticos de la mama: presencia de nódulos, engrosamiento e hinchazón que se presentan antes del período menstrual </li> <li>Quistes: abultamientos llenos de líquido </li> <li> Fibroadenomas: nódulos sólidos, redondos y gomosos que se mueven fácilmente con la presión, suelen aparecer con mayor frecuencia en las mujeres jóvenes </li> <li> Papilomas intraductales: protuberancias parecidas a las verrugas que crecen cerca del pezón </li> <li> Conductos lácteos obstruidos o tapados </li> <li> Producción de leche en mujeres que no están amamantando </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Breast Diseases Cáncer de seno Mamografía Autoexamen mamario Calcificaciones en el seno Galactorrea Ginecomastía Mama, Enfermedades de la Mastitis Pechos, Enfermedades de los Seno, Calcificaciones en el Seno, Enfermedades del Senos, Hombre Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Hombres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Susan G. Komen Contra el Cáncer del Seno PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Susan G. Komen Contra el Cáncer del Seno PDF Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Susan G. Komen Contra el Cáncer del Seno PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Enfermedades del aparato digestivo Enfermedades gastrointestinales <p>Cuando el cuerpo come, descompone los alimentos en una forma que puede utilizar para producir y nutrir células y suministrar energía. Este proceso se llama digestión.</p> <p>El sistema digestivo es una serie de órganos huecos unidos en un tubo largo y retorcido. Comienza en la boca y se extiende hasta el ano, e incluye el esófago, el estómago, el intestino delgado y el intestino grueso. El hígado, la vesícula y el páncreas también participan. Estos tres órganos producen jugos que ayudan en el proceso de la digestión.</p> <p>Existen muchos tipos de trastornos digestivos. Los síntomas varían ampliamente dependiendo del problema. En líneas generales, debe consultar a un médico si observa:</p> <ul> <li>Sangre en las evacuaciones</li> <li>Cambios en los hábitos intestinales</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">Dolor abdominal</a> severo</li> <li>Pérdida de peso no intencional</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html">Acidez</a> que no mejora con antiácidos</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Digestive Diseases Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Diverticulosis y diverticulitis Enfermedad celíaca Enfermedades del colon Enfermedades del estómago Enfermedades del hígado Enfermedades del intestino delgado Estreñimiento Gas Gastroenteritis Indigestión Obstrucción intestinal Reflujo gastroesofágico Úlcera péptica Asa ciega, Síndrome de Enfermedades gastrointestinales Enfermedades intestinales Gastroinestinales, Enfermedaddes Intestino corto, Síndrome Intestino, Enfermedades del Intususcepción Oclusión intestinal Sistema digestivo, Enfermedades del (General) Síndrome del asa ciega Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Personas mayores Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Enfermedades endocrinas Trastornos endocrinos <p>Su sistema endocrino incluye ocho glándulas principales distribuidas por todo el cuerpo. Estas glándulas producen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonas</a>. Las hormonas son mensajeros químicos. Viajan a través del torrente sanguíneo hacia los tejidos y órganos. Las hormonas trabajan lentamente y afectan los procesos corporales desde la cabeza hasta los pies. Entre esos procesos se encuentran:</p> <ul> <li>Crecimiento y desarrollo</li> <li>Metabolismo: digestión, eliminación, respiración, circulación sanguínea y mantenimiento de la temperatura corporal</li> <li>Función sexual</li> <li>Reproducción</li> <li>Estado de ánimo</li> </ul> <p>Si los niveles hormonales están demasiado elevados o disminuidos, es posible que tenga un trastorno hormonal. Las enfermedades hormonales también ocurren si el cuerpo no responde a las hormonas como debería hacerlo. El estrés, las infecciones y los cambios en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">equilibrio de líquidos y electrolitos</a> de la sangre también pueden afectar los niveles hormonales.</p> <p>En los Estados Unidos, la enfermedad endocrina más común es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>. Existen muchas otras. El tratamiento suele consistir en controlar la cantidad de hormonas que produce el organismo. Si el problema es la falta de niveles suficientes de hormonas, los suplementos hormonales pueden ayudar.</p> Sistema endocrino Endocrine Diseases Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Diabetes Enfermedad de Addison Enfermedades de la glándula pituitaria Enfermedades de la paratiroides Enfermedades de la tiroides Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales Enfermedades del páncreas Hormonas Trastornos de crecimiento Neoplasia endocrina múltiple Pubertad precoz Sistema endocrino, Enfermedades del (General) Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Enfermedades linfáticas <p>El sistema linfático es una red de tejidos y órganos. Está formado principalmente por:</p> <ul> <li>Linfa: Un líquido que contiene glóbulos blancos que defienden al cuerpo de los gérmenes</li> <li>Vasos linfáticos: Son los vasos que transportan la linfa por todo el cuerpo, y son distintos a los vasos sanguíneos</li> <li>Ganglios linfáticos: Son glándulas que se encuentran por todos los vasos linfáticos</li> </ul> <p>Junto al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spleendiseases.html">bazo</a>, estos ganglios son donde los glóbulos blancos luchan contra las infecciones. </p> <p>La médula ósea y el timo producen las células que se encuentran en la linfa. Ambos también son parte de este sistema.</p> <p>El sistema linfático elimina la infección y mantiene el equilibrio de los líquidos del cuerpo. Si no funciona en forma adecuada, el líquido se acumula en los tejidos y causa una hinchazón llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphedema.html">linfedema</a>. Otros problemas del sistema linfático pueden incluir infecciones, bloqueos y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphoma.html">cáncer</a>.</p> Sistema inmunitario Lymphatic Diseases Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Enfermedades del bazo Linfedema Linfoma Ganglio linfático Sistema linfático, Enfermedades del Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Neuropatía periférica <h3>¿Qué son los nervios periféricos?</h3> <p>Los nervios son como cables que llevan mensajes de ida y vuelta entre el cerebro y el cuerpo. Los nervios periféricos se ramifican desde el cerebro y la médula espinal y se conectan a todas las partes del cuerpo, incluyendo músculos y órganos. Los nervios periféricos transportan mensajes desde el cerebro controlando su movimiento, respiración, latidos cardíacos, digestión y más. También llevan mensajes de su cuerpo a su cerebro, para que pueda sentir cosas como dolor, calor y frío.</p> <h3>¿Qué son las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos?</h3> <p>Las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos ocurren cuando uno o más nervios periféricos están dañados. Es posible que los nervios dañados no transmitan los mensajes bien o que no funcionen en absoluto. Como resultado, es posible que tenga <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html">dolor</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/walkingproblems.html">problemas para caminar</a> o una variedad de otros problemas, según los nervios involucrados.</p> <p>Las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos son muy comunes. Hay más de 100 tipos diferentes.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos?</h3> <p>Muchas cosas pueden dañar los nervios y provocar trastornos de los nervios periféricos:</p> <ul> <li>La <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a></strong> es la causa más común de enfermedades de los nervios periféricos. La mayoría de las personas con diabetes tendrán <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html">problemas de los nervios por diabetes</a></li> <li><strong>Lesión física</strong> (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html">trauma</a>) que estira, aplasta, aprieta, corta o ejerce presión sobre uno o más nervios. Algunos ejemplos de enfermedades de los nervios periféricos por lesiones físicas incluyen el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html">síndrome de dolor regional complejo</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brachialplexusinjuries.html">lesiones del plexo braquial</a></li> <li><strong>Problemas de salud</strong>, incluyendo: <ul> <li><strong>Ciertos tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a> y su tratamiento</strong> (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a>)</li> <li><strong>Infecciones</strong>, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymedisease.html">enfermedad de Lyme</a></li> <li><strong>Trastornos de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html">sangre</a> o los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html">vasos sanguíneos</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">Enfermedades autoinmunes</a></strong>, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html">artritis reumatoide</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html">lupus</a></li> <li><strong>Enfermedad <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">renal</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hepática</a></strong>.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Ciertos medicamentos</strong></li> <li><strong>Contacto con determinadas sustancias tóxicas</strong>, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html">plomo</a> o el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mercury.html">mercurio</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">Trastorno por abuso de alcohol</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">tabaquismo</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">Desequilibrios vitamínicos</a></strong>, especialmente falta de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vitamina-b/">vitamina B12</a>.</li> <li><strong>Sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/basica/gen/">genes</a></strong>, incluyendo cambios en sus genes o las afecciones que hereda de los padres, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/charcotmarietoothdisease.html">enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth</a></li> </ul> <p>En ciertos casos, se desconoce la causa del trastorno de los nervios periféricos.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos de los nervios periféricos?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de los trastornos de los nervios periféricos dependen de qué nervios estén afectados, qué está causando el daño y qué tan grave es:</p> <!-- TABLE BEGINS HERE --> <table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="100%"> <thead> <tr> <th>Tipos de nervios</th> <th>Posibles síntomas de daño en los nervios</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Los <strong>nervios motores</strong> controlan sus músculos y todos sus movimientos, como caminar, hablar y usar las manos</td> <td> <ul> <li>Músculos débiles o adoloridos</li> <li>Problemas con el equilibrio, caminar o usar brazos o manos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musclecramps.html">Calambres</a> o espasmos musculares</li> <li>Contracción muscular</li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Los <strong>nervios sensoriales</strong> llevan mensajes al cerebro desde los sentidos, incluyendo el tacto, el frío y el calor y el dolor</td> <td> <ul> <li>Hormigueo, entumecimiento o dolor a menudo en las manos y los pies</li> <li>No poder sentir calor, frío o dolor, como un corte en el pie</li> <li>Dolor incluso por un toque leve</li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Los <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html">nervios autónomos</a></strong> envían mensajes a sus órganos para controlar la respiración, la digestión y otras funciones corporales que suceden sin pensar en ellas.</td> <td> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Latido del corazón que es demasiado rápido o demasiado lento</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">Problemas para tragar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html">Transpirar</a> mucho o muy poco</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vómitos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">estreñimiento</a></li> <li>Problemas para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html">orinar</a> o con la función sexual</li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <br/> <!-- TABLE ENDS HERE --> <p>Los síntomas pueden variar de leves a muy fuertes. Pueden desarrollarse rápidamente durante días o lentamente durante meses y años. Pero rara vez ponen en riesgo la vida.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene una enfermedad de los nervios periféricos, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntar sobre su historia clínica</li> <li>Preguntar sobre la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html">historia de salud de su familia</a></li> <li>Hacer un examen físico</li> <li>Solicitar pruebas, que pueden incluir: <ul> <li>Análisis de sangre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">Pruebas genéticas</a></li> <li>Pruebas nerviosas que miden: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">Actividad eléctrica en sus nervios y músculos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-autonomicas/">Qué tan bien están funcionando sus nervios autónomos</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">Biopsia</a> de nervio o tejido de la piel</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">Tomografía computarizada</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a> para ver qué puede estar presionando sus nervios</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos?</h3> <p>Es importante tratar cualquier afección que esté causando daño a los nervios. En ciertos casos, eso permitirá que sus nervios se curen con el tiempo.</p> <p>El tratamiento de los síntomas depende del tipo de enfermedad de los nervios periféricos que tenga, dónde se encuentra y qué tan grave es. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Aparatos ortopédicos o férulas</strong></li> <li><strong>Parches y cremas</strong> para la piel de venta libre</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos recetados</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nondrugpainmanagement.html">Manejo del dolor sin medicamentos</a></strong>, como estimulación eléctrica o terapia de relajación</li> <li><strong>Cirugía</strong> para aliviar la presión sobre un nervio</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos?</h3> <p>Puede ayudar a prevenir las enfermedades de los nervios periféricos al:</p> <ul> <li>Controlar las condiciones de salud que pueden causar daño a los nervios, especialmente la diabetes</li> <li>Evitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">caídas</a> y accidentes</li> <li>No usar sustancias tóxicas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ergonomics.html">Tener cuidado de evitar movimientos repetitivos y posiciones del cuerpo</a> que presionen sus nervios</li> <li>Seguir una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html">dieta equilibrada</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">hacer ejercicio</a>, limitar el consumo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> y no <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">fumar</a></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Desórdenes Neurológicos y Derrame Cerebral</p> Cerebro y nervios Peripheral Nerve Disorders Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Ciática Dolor Enfermedades neurodegenerativas Lesiones del plexo braquial Neuralgia del trigémino Problemas neurológicos asociados con la diabetes Síndrome de dolor regional complejo Síndrome de la salida torácica Síndrome del túnel carpiano Neuropatía Sistema nervioso periférico, Enfermedades del Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>Su tejido conectivo apoya a muchas partes diferentes de su cuerpo, como la piel, los ojos y el corazón. Es como un "pegamento celular" que entrega su forma a partes de su cuerpo y ayuda a mantenerlas fuertes. También ayuda a algunos de tus tejidos a hacer su trabajo. Está hecho de muchos tipos de proteínas. El cartílago y la grasa son tipos de tejido conectivo. </p> <p>Existen más de 200 trastornos que afectan el tejido conectivo. Hay de diferentes tipos:</p> <ul> <li>Trastornos genéticos, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html">síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marfansyndrome.html">síndrome de Marfan</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteogenesisimperfecta.html">osteogénesis imperfecta</a></li> <li>Enfermedades autoinmunes, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html">lupus</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scleroderma.html">esclerodermia</a></li> <li>Cáncer, como algunos tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/softtissuesarcoma.html">sarcoma del tejido blando</a></li> </ul> <p>Cada trastorno tiene sus propios síntomas y requiere diferentes tratamientos.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Connective Tissue Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Enfermedades del cartílago Esclerodermia Lupus Osteogénesis imperfecta Sarcoma del tejido blando Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos Síndrome de Marfan Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Enfermedades de la matriz Enfermedades del endometrio Enfermedades uterinas <p>El útero o matriz es un órgano reproductor femenino importante. El útero es el lugar donde se desarrolla el bebé cuando está embarazada. Si tiene una enfermedad uterina, el primer signo puede ser una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html">hemorragia</a> entre las menstruaciones o después de las relaciones sexuales. Las causas de las hemorragias anormales incluyen hormonas, problemas tiroideos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinefibroids.html">fibromas</a>, pólipos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html">cáncer</a>, infecciones o embarazo.</p> <p>El tratamiento dependerá de la causa. Algunas veces las pastillas anticonceptivas resuelven los problemas de desequilibrio hormonal. Si la causa es un problema de la tiroides, el tratamiento también puede ayudar a detener la hemorragia. Si tiene cáncer o hiperplasia, un crecimiento excesivo de células normales en el útero, es posible que necesite una cirugía. </p> <p>Otros problemas uterinos son la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endometriosis.html">endometriosis</a> y la adenomiosis. En la endometriosis, el tipo de tejido que recubre el útero crece fuera de éste. En la adenomiosis, el tejido crece en las paredes externas del útero. Los analgésicos pueden ayudar; otros tratamientos incluyen hormonas y cirugía.</p> Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Uterine Diseases Cáncer de cuello uterino Cáncer de útero Endometriosis Fibroides uterinos Histerectomía Problemas del piso pélvico Sangrado vaginal Trastornos del cuello uterino Endometrio, Enfermedades del Matriz, Enfermedades de la Útero, Enfermedades del Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Los genes son los ladrillos de la herencia. Se pasan de padres a hijos. Los genes contienen el ADN, las instrucciones para fabricar proteínas. Estas son las que realizan la mayor parte de las funciones dentro de las células. Las proteínas mueven moléculas de un lugar a otro, construyen estructuras, descomponen toxinas y realizan otros tipos de tareas de mantenimiento. </p> <p>A veces, se produce una mutación, un cambio en un gen o en varios genes. Esta mutación cambia las instrucciones para fabricar las proteínas y esto hace que las proteínas no funcionen correctamente o falten. Esto puede causar una enfermedad genética. </p> <p>Usted puede heredar una mutación genética de uno o de ambos padres. Pero también puede suceder durante su vida. </p> <p>Hay tres tipos de enfermedades genéticas:</p><ul> <li>Defectos monogenéticos, que afectan solo un gen </li> <li>Trastornos cromosómicos, donde los cromosomas (o parte de cromosomas) faltan o cambian. Los cromosomas son las estructuras que contienen nuestros genes. El síndrome de Down es un trastorno cromosómico </li> <li>Multifactoriales, donde hay mutaciones en dos o más genes. En este tipo, nuestro estilo de vida y medio ambiente influyen. El cáncer de colon es un ejemplo </li> </ul> <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">pruebas genéticas</a> de sangre u otros tejidos pueden identificar las enfermedades genéticas. </p> <p class="">NIH: Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina </p> Genética y defectos congénitos Genetic Disorders Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Asesoramiento genético Defectos congénitos Enanismo Enfermedad celíaca Enfermedad de células falciformes Enfermedades raras Fibrosis quística Hemocromatosis Labio leporino y paladar hendido Leucodistrofias Malformaciones del cerebro Osteogénesis imperfecta Pruebas genéticas Síndrome de Down Síndrome de Prader-Willi Síndrome X frágil Trastornos cerebrales genéticos Barth, Síndrome de Batten, Enfermedad de Genética, Enfermedades Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Comience aquí Spanish/Español Alianza Genética PDF NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Hospital de Investigación sobre Niños St. Jude Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Infecciones <h3>¿Qué son las enfermedades infecciosas?</h3> <p>Los gérmenes o microbios se encuentran en todas partes, en el aire, el suelo y el agua. También hay gérmenes en su piel y en su cuerpo. Muchos de ellos son inofensivos y algunos incluso pueden ser beneficiosos. Pero algunos de ellos pueden enfermarle. Las enfermedades infecciosas son causadas por gérmenes.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de gérmenes que causan enfermedades infecciosas?</h3> <p>Hay cuatro tipos principales de gérmenes:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">Bacterias</a>: Gérmenes unicelulares que se multiplican rápidamente. Pueden liberar toxinas, sustancias químicas nocivas que pueden enfermarle. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html">faringitis estreptocócica</a> y las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">infecciones de las vías urinarias</a> son infecciones bacterianas comunes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">Virus</a>: Pequeñas partículas que contienen material genético. Invaden las células para que puedan multiplicarse. Esto puede matar, dañar o cambiar las células y enfermarle. Las infecciones virales incluyen el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfriado común</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html">Hongos</a>: Organismos primitivos parecidos a las plantas, como moho, mildiu y levaduras. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html">pie de atleta</a> y las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html">infecciones por cándida</a> son infecciones fúngicas comunes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html">Parásitos</a>: Animales o plantas que sobreviven viviendo sobre o dentro de otros seres vivos. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html">malaria</a> y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html">piojos</a> son infecciones causadas por parásitos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se propagan las enfermedades infecciosas?</h3> <p>Hay muchas formas diferentes de contraer una enfermedad infecciosa, dependiendo del tipo de germen. Esto puede incluir::</p> <ul> <li>A través del contacto directo con una persona que está enferma. Esto incluye besarse, tocarse, estornudar, toser y tener contacto sexual. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">personas embarazadas</a> también pueden transmitir algunos gérmenes a sus bebés</li> <li>A través del contacto indirecto, cuando toca algo que tiene gérmenes. Por ejemplo, podría estar en contacto con gérmenes si alguien que está enfermo tocó el picaporte de una puerta y luego usted lo toca</li> <li>A través de picaduras de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html">insectos</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html">animales</a></li> <li>A través de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">contaminación de alimentos</a>, agua, suelo o plantas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades infecciosas?</h3> <p>Las enfermedades infecciosas pueden causar muchos síntomas diferentes. Algunos son tan leves que es posible que ni siquiera los note, mientras que otros pueden ser potencialmente mortales.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades infecciosas?</h3> <p>Existen tratamientos para algunas enfermedades infecciosas, como antibióticos y medicinas antivirales, antifúngicos y antiparasitarios. Pero para otras infecciones, como algunas causadas por virus, solo puede tratar sus síntomas mientras su sistema inmunitario combate contra los gérmenes.</p> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las enfermedades infecciosas?</h3> <p>Usted puede tomar medidas para ayudar a prevenir muchas enfermedades infecciosas, como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html">Vacunarse</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">Lavarse las manos</a> con frecuencia</li> <li>Prestar atención a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html">seguridad con los alimentos</a></li> <li>Evitar el contacto con animales salvajes</li> <li>Usar un condón de látex cada vez que tenga relaciones sexuales. Si usted o su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgico al látex</a>, puede usar condones de poliuretano</li> <li>No compartir elementos como cepillos de dientes, peines y pajillas</li> </ul> Infecciones Sistema inmunitario Infectious Diseases Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Antibióticos Enfermedades parasitarias Infecciones bacterianas Infecciones por hongos Infecciones virales Medidas para el control de infecciones Salud del viajero Vacunación Infecciosas, Enfermedades (General) Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Infecciones meningocócicas Infecciones por meningococos <h3>¿Qué son las enfermedades meningocócicas?</h3> <p>Enfermedad meningocócica es el nombre de cualquier afección causada por la bacteria <em>Neisseria meningitidis</em> (también llamada bacteria meningocócica). Estas enfermedades suelen ser graves y, en ocasiones, pueden ser mortales. Incluyen infecciones del revestimiento del cerebro y la médula espinal (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html">meningitis</a>) y del torrente sanguíneo (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html">sepsis</a>). Las vacunas pueden ayudar a prevenir la enfermedad.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la enfermedad meningocócica?</h3> <p>Algunas personas tienen <em>Neisseria meningitidis</em>, la bacteria que causa la enfermedad, en la parte de atrás de la nariz y la garganta. Por lo general, tienen la bacteria, pero no se enferman. Esto se conoce como "portador". Pero en ocasiones la bacteria puede propagarse a otras partes del cuerpo y causar enfermedad meningocócica.</p> <p>La bacteria puede transmitirse de persona a persona a través de la saliva. Suele ocurrir por contacto estrecho o prolongado con una persona que la tiene. El contacto cercano puede ocurrir al besarse o al toser.</p> <p>No se puede contraer la bacteria a través del contacto casual con alguien que tiene la enfermedad. Por ejemplo, no se puede contraer al respirar el aire donde ha estado una persona con la afección.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de contraer enfermedades meningocócicas?</h3> <p>Cualquiera puede contraer la enfermedad meningocócica, pero es más probable que la contraiga si alguien con quien vive la padece. También es más probable que se contagie si tiene contacto directo con la saliva de alguien que la tiene (por ejemplo, al besarse).</p> <p>Además, ciertos grupos de personas tienen más probabilidades de contraer la enfermedad, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Niños menores de 1 año</li> <li>Adolescentes y adultos jóvenes de 16 a 23 años</li> <li>Adultos de 65 años y mayores</li> <li>Personas con afecciones médicas que <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">debilitan su sistema inmunitario</a>, incluyendo aquellas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> y ciertas enfermedades inmunitarias raras </li> <li>Personas que no tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spleendiseases.html">bazo</a> o que tienen un bazo que no funciona bien</li> <li>Personas que toman inhibidores del complemento. Estos son medicamentos de inmunoterapia que se administran a aquellos con ciertas enfermedades raras</li> <li>Personas que viven en entornos hacinados, como dormitorios universitarios o cuarteles militares</li> <li>Personas que viajan a zonas donde la enfermedad es más común, como ciertas partes del África subsahariana</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades meningocócicas?</h3> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de enfermedad meningocócica. Los tipos más comunes son la meningitis y la septicemia. Ambos son muy graves y pueden ser mortales en cuestión de horas.</p> <p><strong>La meningitis meningocócica</strong> es una infección meningocócica del revestimiento del cerebro y la médula espinal. Los síntomas más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li>Rigidez de nuca</li> </ul> <p>También puede causar síntomas como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náuseas y vómitos</a></li> <li>Fotofobia (ojos más sensibles a la luz)</li> <li>Confusión</li> </ul> <p>Puede resultar difícil notar estos síntomas en los recién nacidos y los bebés. También pueden tener otros síntomas, como:</p> <ul> <li>Estar lentos o inactivos</li> <li>Estar irritables</li> <li>Vomitar</li> <li>Alimentarse mal</li> <li>Tienen un abultamiento en la parte blanda del cráneo</li> </ul> <p><strong>La septicemia meningocócica</strong> es una infección meningocócica del torrente sanguíneo. También se conoce como meningococemia. Cuando una persona tiene esta enfermedad, las bacterias ingresan al torrente sanguíneo y se multiplican. Esto daña las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos y causa sangrado en la piel y los órganos. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Fiebre y escalofríos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Vómitos</li> <li>Manos y pies fríos</li> <li>Dolores intensos o dolor en los músculos, las articulaciones, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">pecho</a> o el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">abdomen</a></li> <li>Respiración rápida</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a></li> <li>Una erupción de color púrpura oscuro (en las últimas etapas de la enfermedad)</li> </ul> <p>Debido a su gravedad, debe buscar atención médica inmediata si usted o su hijo presentan síntomas de enfermedad meningocócica.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad meningocócica?</h3> <p>Los signos y síntomas de la enfermedad meningocócica suelen ser similares a los de otras enfermedades. Esto puede dificultar el diagnóstico.</p> <p>Si su profesional de la salud (o el de su hijo) piensa que puede haber enfermedad meningocócica, solicitará pruebas que toman muestras de sangre y/o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/">líquido cefalorraquídeo</a> (el fluido cerca de la médula espinal) y enviará las muestras a un laboratorio para su análisis. La prueba incluirá un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">cultivo de bacterias</a>, que puede identificar el tipo específico de bacteria que esté causando la infección. Saber esto puede ayudar al proveedor de atención médica a determinar el mejor tratamiento.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las enfermedades meningocócicas?</h3> <p>Ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a> pueden tratar la enfermedad meningocócica. Es importante que el tratamiento se inicie lo antes posible. Por ello, si el profesional de la salud piensa que usted tiene enfermedad meningocócica, en general recetará antibióticos de inmediato (antes de que obtenga los resultados de la prueba).</p> <p>Las personas con enfermedades serias pueden necesitar tratamientos adicionales, como:</p> <ul> <li>Apoyo respiratorio</li> <li>Medicamentos para tratar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html">presión arterial baja</a></li> <li>Cirugía para eliminar tejido muerto</li> <li>Cuidado de heridas en partes del cuerpo con piel dañada</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas con enfermedad meningocócica tendrán problemas de salud y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html">discapacidades</a> a largo plazo, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html">Pérdida de extremidades</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">Sordera</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">Problemas del sistema nervioso</a></li> <li>Daño cerebral</li> </ul> <p>Incluso con tratamiento, entre 10 y 15 de cada 100 personas morirán a causa de la enfermedad.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la enfermedad meningocócica?</h3> <p>La mejor manera de prevenir la enfermedad meningocócica es vacunarse. Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de EE. UU. recomiendan la vacunación meningocócica para:</p> <ul> <li>Todos los adolescentes y preadolescentes</li> <li>Niños con mayor riesgo de enfermedad meningocócica</li> <li>Adultos con mayor riesgo de enfermedad meningocócica</li> </ul> <p>Si es contacto cercano de una persona con enfermedad meningocócica, es probable que le administren antibióticos para evitar que se enferme. Esto se conoce como "profilaxis". Los contactos cercanos incluyen personas que viven juntas. También incluyen personas que tuvieron contacto directo con la saliva de una persona con la enfermedad (por ejemplo, al besarse).</p> <p>Aunque es poco común, puede contraer la enfermedad meningocócica más de una vez.</p> Infecciones Meningococcal Disease Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Meningitis Meningococos, Infecciones por Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Nemours Enfermedades de los músculos <p>Los músculos lo ayudan a moverse y forman parte del funcionamiento del cuerpo. Los distintos tipos de músculos tienen funciones diferentes. Existen muchos problemas que pueden afectar a los músculos. Las enfermedades musculares pueden causar debilidad, dolor o inclusive parálisis. </p> <p>Algunas causas conocidas son:</p><ul> <li> Lesiones o exceso de uso, como en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">torceduras y distensiones</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musclecramps.html">calambres</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html">tendinitis</a> </li> <li> Genéticas, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html">distrofia muscular</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/softtissuesarcoma.html">Cáncer</a> </li> <li> Inflamación, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myositis.html">miositis</a> </li> <li> Enfermedades de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuromusculardisorders.html">nervios</a> que afectan a los músculos </li> <li> Infecciones </li> <li> Algunas medicinas </li> </ul> <p>En algunas ocasiones, no se conoce la causa de las enfermedades musculares. </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Muscle Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Calambre muscular Distrofia muscular Enfermedades neuromusculares Esclerosis múltiple Fibromialgia Miastenia grave Miositis Sarcoma del tejido blando Tendinitis Torceduras y distensiones Trastornos del movimiento Miopatía Musculares, Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Enfermedades degenerativas del sistema nervioso <p>Las enfermedades neurodegenerativas afectan varias actividades que el cuerpo realiza, como el equilibrio, movimiento, hablar, respirar y funciones del corazón. Muchas de estas enfermedades son genéticas. Las causas pueden ser alcoholismo, un tumor o un ataque cerebrovascular (ACV). Otras causas incluyen toxinas, químicos y virus. Otras veces, las causas se desconocen. </p> <p>Algunas enfermedades neurodegenerativas son:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">Enfermedad de Alzheimer</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html">Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/friedreichataxia.html">Ataxia de Friedreich</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/huntingtonsdisease.html">Enfermedad de Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lewybodydementia.html">Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html">Enfermedad de Parkinson</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalmuscularatrophy.html">Atrofia muscular espinal</a></li> </ul> <p>Las enfermedades neurodegenerativas pueden ser serias o poner la vida en peligro. Depende del tipo. La mayoría de ellas no tiene cura. El tratamiento puede ayudar a mejorar los síntomas, aliviar el dolor y aumentar la movilidad. </p> Cerebro y nervios Degenerative Nerve Diseases Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Ataxia de Friedreich Enfermedad de Alzheimer Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob Enfermedad de Parkinson Enfermedades del cerebro Enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica Esclerosis múltiple Polio y síndrome de post-polio Síndrome de Rett Trastornos cerebrales genéticos Neurodegenerativas, Enfermedades Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Déficits neurológicos <p>El cerebro, la médula espinal y los nervios conforman el sistema nervioso. En conjunto controlan todas las funciones del cuerpo. Cuando algo funciona mal en una parte del sistema nervioso, es posible que tenga dificultad para moverse, hablar, tragar, respirar o aprender. También puede haber problemas con la memoria, los sentidos o el estado de ánimo. </p> <p>Existen más de 600 enfermedades neurológicas. Los tipos más reconocidos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Enfermedades causadas por genes defectuosos, tales como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/huntingtonsdisease.html">enfermedad de Huntington</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html">distrofia muscular</a></li> <li>Problemas con el desarrollo del sistema nervioso, tales como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinabifida.html">espina bífida</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/degenerativenervediseases.html">Enfermedades degenerativas</a>, en las cuales las células nerviosas están dañadas o mueren, tales como las enfermedades de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">mal de Alzheimer</a></li> <li>Enfermedades de los vasos sanguíneos que abastecen el cerebro, tales como los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">derrames cerebrales</a></li> <li>Lesiones en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html">médula espinal</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">cerebro</a></li> <li>Trastornos convulsivos, tales como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html">epilepsia</a></li> <li>Cáncer, tales como los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html">tumores cerebrales</a></li> <li>Infecciones como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html">meningitis</a></li> </ul> Cerebro y nervios Neurologic Diseases Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Enfermedad de Parkinson Enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau Enfermedades de la médula espinal Enfermedades del cerebro Enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico Enfermedades neurodegenerativas Enfermedades neuromusculares Epilepsia Meningitis Neuralgia del trigémino Síndrome de dolor regional complejo Síndrome de Tourette Trastornos del movimiento Trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo Nervios, Enfermedades de los Neurológicas, Enfermedades von Hippel-Lindau Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Neurología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Hospital de Investigación sobre Niños St. Jude Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH <p>Las enfermedades neuromusculares afectan su sistema neuromuscular. Estas pueden causar problemas en:</p> <ul> <li>Los nervios que controlan sus músculos</li> <li>Sus músculos</li> <li>La comunicación entre sus nervios y sus músculos</li> </ul> <p>Estas enfermedades pueden causar debilidad y atrofia en sus músculos. También puede tener otros síntomas, como espasmos, contracciones y dolor muscular.</p> <p>Algunos ejemplos de trastornos neuromusculares incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html">Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html">Distrofia muscular</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myastheniagravis.html">Miastenia grave</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalmuscularatrophy.html">Atrofia muscular espinal</a> </li> </ul> <p>Estas enfermedades pueden tener diferentes causas. Muchas son genéticas, lo que significa que son hereditarias (se presentan en familias, o son causadas por mutaciones en los genes. Algunas son enfermedades autoinmunes. En ocasiones, no se conoce la causa. </p> <p>Muchas de las enfermedades neuromusculares no tienen cura. Pero los tratamientos pueden mejorar los síntomas, aumentar la movilidad y el lapso de vida.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Cerebro y nervios Neuromuscular Disorders Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Atrofia muscular espinal Distrofia muscular Enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico Enfermedades musculares Enfermedades neurológicas Esclerosis múltiple Miastenia grave Síndrome de dolor regional complejo Trastornos del movimiento Espasticidad Neuromuscular, Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación de la Distrofia Muscular PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Enfermedades causadas por parásitos <p>Los parásitos son seres vivos que viven de otros seres vivos, como del cuerpo humano, para alimentarse y tener un lugar donde vivir. Se pueden contraer por medio de los alimentos o el agua contaminada, la picadura de un insecto o por contacto sexual. Algunas enfermedades parasitarias son más fáciles de tratar que otras. </p> <p>Los parásitos varían en tamaño desde muy pequeños, organismos unicelulares llamados protozoarios, hasta gusanos, que pueden observarse a simple vista. En los Estados Unidos existen algunas enfermedades parasitarias. El suministro de agua contaminada puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/giardiainfections.html">infecciones por Giardias</a>. Los gatos pueden transmitir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html">toxoplasmosis</a>, peligrosa para las mujeres embarazadas. Otras, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html">malaria</a>, son comunes en otras partes del mundo. </p> <p>Si va a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html">viajar</a>, es importante que beba solamente agua que usted sepa que es potable. La prevención es especialmente importante. No hay vacunas para las enfermedades parasitarias. Existen algunos medicamentos disponibles para el tratamiento de estas infecciones. </p> Infecciones Parasitic Diseases Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Criptosporidiosis Enfermedad de Chagas Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos Infecciones por Giardia Leishmaniasis Malaria Oxiuros Piojos de la cabeza Salud del viajero Sarna Toxoplasmosis Tricomoniasis Parasitarias, Enfermedades Parásitos, Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Enfermedades del peritoneo <p>El peritoneo es el tejido que recubre la pared abdominal y cubre la mayor parte de los órganos en el abdomen. Un líquido, fluido peritoneal, lubrica la superficie de este tejido .</p> <p>Los trastornos del peritoneo son raros. Estos pueden ser :</p><ul> <li>Peritonitis: Una inflamación del peritoneo</li> <li>Cáncer</li> <li>Complicaciones por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">diálisis</a> peritoneal</li> </ul> <p>Su doctor puede usar test por imágenes o de laboratorio para analizar el fluido peritoneal para diagnosticar una enfermedad peritoneal. El tratamiento de los trastornos peritoneales dependerá de la causa.</p> Sistema digestivo Peritoneal Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Diálisis Dolor abdominal Peritoneales, Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>Una enfermedad rara es aquella que afecta a menos de 200.000 personas en los Estados Unidos. Hay cerca de 7.000 enfermedades raras. Más de 25 millones de estadounidenses tienen una. </p> <p>Las enfermedades raras:</p> <ul> <li>Pueden incluir enfermedades crónicas, discapacidad y a menudo muerte prematura</li> <li>A menudo no tienen ningún tratamiento o no es muy eficaz</li> <li>Con frecuencia no se diagnostican correctamente</li> <li>A menudo son muy complejas</li> <li>Son causadas en forma frecuente por cambios en los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">genes</a></li> </ul> <p>Puede ser difícil encontrar un especialista que sepa cómo tratar su enfermedad rara. Grupos de apoyo de la enfermedad, organizaciones de enfermedades raras y clínicas de genética pueden ayudarle a encontrar uno.</p> <p class="">NIH: Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras</p> Genética y defectos congénitos Síntomas Rare Diseases Más información Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano Enfermedades del recto <p>El recto es la parte inferior del intestino grueso, donde el organismo almacena la materia fecal. Los problemas del recto son comunes. Incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html">hemorroides</a>, abscesos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelincontinence.html">incontinencia</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html">cáncer</a>.</p> <p> A muchas personas les avergüenza hablar acerca de problemas rectales. Pero es importante consultar al médico acerca de ellos, especialmente si le duele o tiene hemorragia. Los tratamientos varían dependiendo del problema en particular. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Rectal Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer del colon y del recto Enfermedades del ano Enfermedades del sistema digestivo Evacuación de las heces Hemorroides Incontinencia fecal Recto, Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Contaminación de los alimentos Enfermedades de transmisión alimentaria Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos contaminados Eta Intoxicación alimentaria <p>Cada año, unas 48 millones de personas en los Estados Unidos se enferman por consumir alimentos contaminados. Las causas comunes incluyen bacterias y virus. Con menos frecuencia, la causa puede ser un parásito o un químico dañino, como una gran cantidad de pesticidas. Los síntomas de enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos dependen de la causa. Pueden ser leves o severas. Por lo general incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Malestar estomacal </li> <li> Cólicos abdominales </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náusea y vómitos</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a> </li> <li>Fiebre </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">Deshidratación</a> </li> </ul> <p>La mayoría de las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos son agudas. Esto significa que ocurren de repente y duran poco tiempo.</p> <p>Se requieren varios pasos para llevar la comida de la granja o pesquería a su mesa. La contaminación puede ocurrir durante cualquiera de estos pasos. Por ejemplo, puede sucederle a:</p> <ul> <li>Carne cruda mientras matan al animal</li> <li>Frutas y verduras mientras crecen o se procesan</li> <li>Alimentos refrigerados cuando se dejan en un muelle de carga cuando hace calor</li> </ul> <p>Pero también puede ocurrir en la cocina, si deja los alimentos a temperatura ambiente más de dos horas. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html">Manipular los alimentos con cuidado</a> puede prevenir estas enfermedades. </p> <p>La mayoría de las personas con enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos mejoran por sí mismas. Es importante reemplazar los líquidos y electrolitos perdidos para prevenir la deshidratación. Si su proveedor de atención médica puede diagnosticar la causa específica, los medicamentos como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a> pueden tratarla. Para una enfermedad más grave, es posible que necesite tratamiento en un hospital.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Alimentos y nutrición Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Foodborne Illness Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Agua potable Botulismo Hepatitis A Infecciones por campylobacter Infecciones por Escherichia coli Infecciones por Listeria Infecciones por salmonela Seguridad con los alimentos Alimentos, Contaminación Contaminación de los alimentos Yersinia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York <h3>¿Qué es el enfisema?</h3> <p>El enfisema es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica</a> (EPOC). La EPOC es un grupo de enfermedades pulmonares que dificultan la respiración y empeoran con el tiempo. El otro tipo principal de EPOC es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html">bronquitis crónica</a>. La mayoría de las personas con EPOC tienen enfisema y bronquitis crónica, pero su gravedad puede ser diferente dependiendo de la persona.</p> <p>El enfisema afecta los alvéolos pulmonares. Normalmente, estos saquitos son elásticos o se estiran. Cuando inhala, cada saquito se llena de aire como un globo pequeño. Al exhalar, los saquitos se desinflan al salir el aire.</p> <p>En el enfisema, las paredes entre muchos de estos saquitos en los pulmones están dañados. Esto hace que los alvéolos pierdan su forma y se vuelvan flácidos. El daño también puede destruir las paredes de los saquitos de aire, lo que lleva a tener menos saquitos, pero más grandes, en lugar de muchos pequeños. Esto hace que sea más difícil para sus pulmones inhalar oxígeno y exhalar dióxido de carbono.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el enfisema?</h3> <p>La causa del enfisema suele ser una larga exposición a irritantes que dañan los pulmones y las vías respiratorias. En los Estados Unidos, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">humo del cigarrillo</a> es la causa principal. La pipa, el cigarro y otros tipos de humo de tabaco también pueden causar enfisema, especialmente si se inhala.</p> <p>La exposición a otros irritantes inhalados puede contribuir al enfisema. Estos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">humo de segunda mano</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html">contaminación del aire</a> y humos o polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo.</p> <p>En raras ocasiones, una condición genética llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html">deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina</a> puede tener un rol en causar enfisema.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de enfisema?</h3> <p>Los factores de riesgo para el enfisema incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Fumar</strong>: El principal factor de riesgo. Hasta el 75% de las personas que tienen enfisema fuman o solían fumar</li> <li><strong>Exposición a largo plazo a otros irritantes pulmonares</strong>: Incluyendo humo de segunda mano, contaminación del aire y humos y polvos químicos del ambiente o del lugar de trabajo</li> <li><strong>Edad</strong>: La mayoría de las personas que tienen enfisema tienen al menos 40 años cuando comienzan sus síntomas</li> <li><strong>Genética</strong>: Esto incluye la deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina, que es una condición genética. Además, los fumadores que tienen enfisema tienen más probabilidades de tenerlo si tienen antecedentes familiares de EPOC</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del enfisema?</h3> <p>Es posible que en el comienzo no presente síntomas o sean solo leves. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, sus síntomas generalmente se vuelven más severos. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a> frecuente o sibilancias</li> <li>Tos que produce mucha mucosidad</li> <li>Falta de aliento, especialmente si hace actividad física</li> <li>Un silbido o chirrido cuando respira</li> <li>Sensación de presión en el pecho</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas con enfisema contraen infecciones respiratorias frecuentes, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfriados </a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a>. En casos severos, el enfisema puede causar pérdida de peso, debilidad en los músculos inferiores e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html">hinchazón </a> en los tobillos, pies o piernas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el enfisema?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas </li> <li>Sus antecedentes familiares</li> <li>Otras pruebas de laboratorio, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">pruebas de función pulmonar</a> , una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografía </a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> de tórax y análisis de sangre</li> </ul> <p>Su médico diagnosticará EPOC según sus signos y síntomas, sus antecedentes médicos y familiares; y los resultados de sus pruebas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el enfisema?</h3> <p>No hay cura para el enfisema, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar con los síntomas, retrasar el progreso de la enfermedad y mejorar su capacidad de mantenerse activo. También hay tratamientos para prevenir o tratar las complicaciones de la enfermedad. Los tratamientos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cambios en el estilo de vida</strong>, como:</li> <ul> <li>Si es fumador, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar de fumar</a> es lo más importante que puede hacer para tratar el enfisema</li> <li>Evitar el humo de segunda mano y los lugares donde podría respirar otros irritantes pulmonares</li> <li>Pídale a su profesional de la salud un plan de alimentación que satisfaga sus necesidades nutricionales. También pregunte cuánta actividad física puede hacer. La actividad física puede fortalecer los músculos que lo ayudan a respirar y mejorar su bienestar general</li> </ul> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong>, como:</li> <ul> <li>Broncodilatadores: Relajan los músculos alrededor de las vías respiratorias. Esto ayuda a abrirlas y facilita la respiración. La mayoría de los broncodilatadores usan un inhalador. En casos más severos, el inhalador también puede contener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a> para reducir la inflamación</li> <li>Vacunas contra la gripe y la neumonía neumocócica: Las personas con enfisema tienen un mayor riesgo de sufrir problemas graves por estas enfermedades</li> <li>Antibióticos si tiene una infección pulmonar bacteriana o viral</li> </ul> <li><strong>Terapia de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">oxígeno</a></strong>: Se usa si tiene enfisema severo y bajos niveles de oxígeno en la sangre. La oxigenoterapia puede ayudarle a respirar mejor. Es posible que necesite oxígeno adicional todo el tiempo o solo en ciertos momentos</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">Rehabilitación pulmonar</a></strong>: Programa que ayuda a mejorar el bienestar de las personas que tienen problemas respiratorios crónicos. Puede incluir:</li> <ul> <li>Un programa de ejercicios</li> <li>Entrenamiento en manejo de enfermedades</li> <li>Asesoramiento nutricional</li> <li>Consejería psicológica</li> </ul> <li><strong>Cirugía</strong>: En general se utiliza como último recurso para personas que tienen síntomas graves que no han mejorado con medicamentos. Hay cirugías para:</li> <ul> <li>Eliminar el tejido pulmonar dañado</li> <li>Eliminar los espacios aéreos grandes (ampollas) que pueden formarse cuando se destruyen los saquitos aéreos. Estas ampollas pueden interferir con la respiración</li> <li>Someterse a un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html">trasplante de pulmón</a>: Esto podría ser una opción si tiene enfisema muy severo</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Si tiene enfisema, es importante saber cuándo y dónde obtener ayuda para sus síntomas. Debe recibir atención de emergencia si tiene síntomas graves, como dificultad para respirar o hablar. Consulte con su médico si sus síntomas empeoran o si tiene signos de infección, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a>.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el enfisema?</h3> <p>Dado que el tabaquismo causa la mayoría de los casos de enfisema, la mejor manera de prevenirlo es no fumar. También es importante tratar de evitar los irritantes pulmonares como el humo de segunda mano, la contaminación del aire, los gases químicos y el polvo.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Emphysema Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Bronquitis crónica Enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica Terapia con oxígeno Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>Sin importar qué tan bien se <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">prepare</a>, usted puede sentirse aturdido o sin sensibilidad después de sobrevivir a un desastre. También puede sentirse triste, impotente o ansioso. A pesar de la tragedia, usted simplemente puede sentirse feliz de estar vivo.</p> <p>No es inusual tener malos recuerdos o pesadillas. Usted puede querer evitar lugares o personas que le recuerden el desastre. Es posible que tenga problemas para dormir, comer o prestar atención. Muchas personas tienen mal genio y se enojan en forma fácil. Estas son todas reacciones normales al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a>.</p> <p>A veces el estrés puede ser muy difícil de controlar. Algunas personas tienen problemas a largo plazo después de un desastre, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">Trastorno de estrés postraumático</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a></li> <li> Sentimientos de culpa </li> <li> Pensamientos suicidas </li> <li> Uso indebido de drogas o alcohol</li> </ul> <p>Si sus reacciones emocionales están dificultando sus relaciones, el trabajo u otras actividades importantes, hable con un consejero o con su profesional de la salud. Existen tratamientos disponibles.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Salud mental y conducta Desastres Coping with Disasters Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Desastres, Enfrentarse a Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias PDF Más información Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Más información Spanish/Español Centro Nacional para el TEPT Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias PDF Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional benign prostatic hyperplasia <h3>What is the prostate?</h3> <p>The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. It lies just below the bladder. It makes fluid that is part of semen.</p> <h3>What is an enlarged prostate (BPH)?</h3> <p>An enlarged prostate is when your prostate gland becomes larger than normal. It's also called <strong>benign prostatic hyperplasia</strong> or <strong>BPH</strong> for short. Benign means not cancer. And hyperplasia means too much cell growth. BPH isn't cancer and it doesn't increase your risk of getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html">prostate cancer</a>.</p> <p>Usually, the prostate gland continues to grow during adult life. That's why BPH is the most common prostate condition in people over age 50. As the prostate gets bigger, it may press against the bladder and pinch the urethra. This can slow or block the flow of urine out of your bladder.</p> <p>Over time, the bladder muscle may become weak from trying to pass urine through a narrow urethra. When this happens, your bladder may not empty completely when you urinate. A narrowed urethra and weak bladder cause many of the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html">urinary problems</a> you may have with BPH.</p> <h3>What causes an enlarged prostate (BPH)?</h3> <p>Researchers aren't sure why the prostate keeps growing. Some researchers think changes in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a> with aging may cause the prostate to get bigger.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop BPH?</h3> <p>You're more likely to develop BPH if you:</p> <ul> <li>Are age 40 or older. The chance of getting BPH increases as you get older.</li> <li>Have family members who have had BPH.</li> <li>Have certain health conditions such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart disease</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html">problems with blood circulation</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">Type 2 diabetes</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html">Erectile dysfunction</a>.</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Don't get enough physical activity</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of BPH?</h3> <p>Symptoms of BPH include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html">Having a frequent or urgent need to urinate</a></li> <li>Waking up many times to urinate</li> <li>Having problems with urine flow, such as: <ul> <li>Trouble starting to urinate</li> <li>A stream that's weak, slow, or stops and starts</li> <li>Dribbling after urination</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html">Urinary incontinence</a></li> <li>Feeling that you can't completely empty your bladder</li> </ul> </li> <li>Pain after ejaculation or during urination</li> <li>Urine with an unusual color or smell</li> </ul> <p>It's important to see your health care provider if you have any of these symptoms because they could be from a more serious health problem.</p> <p>You should <strong>get medical help right away</strong> if you:</p> <ul> <li>Can't urinate at all</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a> and chills with urination that's painful, frequent, and urgent</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-in-urine/">blood in your urine</a></li> <li>Have pain in your lower abdomen (belly) and urinary tract</li> </ul> <h3>What other problems can BPH cause?</h3> <p>For most people, BPH doesn't cause other problems. But BPH increases your chance of developing serious conditions, including:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Acute urinary retention.</strong> With this condition, you suddenly can't urinate at all. This a <strong>medical emergency</strong>. Acute urinary retention is common in older males and the chance of having it increases with age. It may be triggered by: <ul> <li>Taking certain over-the-counter <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html">cold or allergy medicines</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">Drinking alcohol</a></li> <li>Cold temperatures</li> <li>Not moving enough over a long period of time</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="urinarytractinfections.html" tid="448">Urinary tract infections (UTIs)</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Bladder damage and bladder stones</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">Kidney damage</a></strong></li> </ul> <h3>How is BPH diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have BPH, your provider will:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Ask about your medical history.</strong> Be sure to tell your provider about all the medicines you take, because certain medicines can make BPH symptoms worse.</li> <li><strong>Ask about your family</strong> health history.</li> <li><strong>Examine you.</strong> The exam may include a digital rectal exam (DRE) of your prostate. In a DRE, your provider inserts a gloved finger into your rectum to check if your prostate is large, tender, or irregular in any other way.</li> <li><strong>Order medical tests, if needed</strong>, such as: <ul> <li>Urine tests.</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prostate-specific-antigen-psa-test/">PSA blood test</a> (prostate-specific antigen test).</li> <li>Urodynamic testing to see how well you can hold and release urine.</li> <li>Cystoscopy to look inside your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urethraldisorders.html">urethra</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html">bladder</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">Ultrasound</a> pictures of your prostate and urinary tract.</li> <li>A prostate <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a> to diagnose or rule out prostate cancer.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for BPH?</h3> <p>Not everyone needs treatment for BPH. Treatment options depend on how much your symptoms bother you, your health, age, and the size of your prostate:</p> <ul> <li><p><strong>Lifestyle changes</strong> may improve mild symptoms. They include:</p> <ul> <li>Drinking less before bedtime or going out</li> <li>Avoiding or cutting back on beverages with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">caffeine</a> and alcohol</li> <li>Bladder training and exercising the muscles that control urine flow</li> <li>Preventing or treating <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">constipation</a></li> </ul> <br/> </li> <li><p><strong>Medicines</strong> can help mild to moderate symptoms by:</p> <ul> <li>Stopping the prostate from growing</li> <li>Shrinking the prostate</li> <li>Relaxing muscles to improve urine flow</li> </ul> <br/> <p>Sometimes combining 2 types of medicine helps more than taking just one type of medicine.</p> </li> <li><p><strong>Medical procedures</strong> can help improve moderate to severe BPH symptoms when medicines don't help enough. There are several different types of procedures. They all use an instrument inserted into the urethra to either:</p> <ul> <li>Widen the urethra</li> <li>Destroy part of the prostate with heat</li> </ul> <br/> </li> <li><p><strong>Surgery</strong> may be helpful when symptoms are severe, other treatments haven't helped, or you have another problem, such as bladder damage. Different types of surgery are used to:</p> <ul> <li>Remove part or all of the prostate</li> <li>Make cuts in the prostate to take pressure off the urethra</li> </ul> <br/> <p>Most BPH surgery is done with tools inserted into the urethra.</p> </li> </ul> <p>Your provider can explain the possible benefits and side effects of your treatment options so you can decide what's best for you.</p> <h3>Can BPH be prevented?</h3> <p>Researchers haven't found ways to prevent BPH. You can take care of your prostate health by:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html">Talking with your provider</a> about your risk for developing an enlarged prostate</li> <li>Getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html">regular checkups</a></li> <li>Paying attention to your symptoms so you can get treatment early if you see signs of BPH</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Male Reproductive System Agrandamiento de la próstata Prostatic Hyperplasia Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Men's Health Older Adult Health Prostate Cancer Prostate Diseases BPH Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Learn More National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH <p>Los deportes pueden ser una excelente manera de mejorar su condición física y mantenerse en forma. Tener una meta específica puede ser un gran motivador. </p> <p>Físicamente, necesita fortaleza y resistencia. El entrenamiento varía según el deporte. Este no es el mismo para el salto con pértiga o la natación. Sin embargo, usted puede combinar los ejercicios. Eso significa simplemente incluir una variedad de actividad física en su rutina. Las investigaciones demuestran que la combinación de ejercicios fortalece los huesos. </p> <p>Recuerde escuchar a su cuerpo. Si se siente cansado a menudo o siente dolor, es posible que está haciendo demasiado. Eso puede resultar en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">lesiones</a>. Asegúrese de usar el cuerpo y su equipo en forma <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html">segura</a>. </p> <p>También es importante lo que come y bebe. El agua es el nutriente más importante para la gente activa. Bébala antes, durante y después de ejercitarse.</p> Bienestar y estilo de vida Aptitud física y ejercicio Sports Fitness Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Ejercicio para niños Ejercicio para personas mayores Ejercicio y estado físico Esteroides anabólicos Problemas y lesiones causados por los deportes Seguridad en los deportes Condición fisica Deportes, Entrenamiento Ejercicio, Entrenamiento Práctica de deportes, Entrenamiento Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>Las personas en los Estados Unidos están viviendo más tiempo y el número de adultos mayores en la población está creciendo. A medida que envejecemos, nuestras mentes y cuerpos cambian. Tener un estilo de vida saludable puede ayudarle a lidiar con estos cambios. También puede prevenir algunos problemas de salud y ayudarle a aprovechar al máximo su vida.</p> <p>Un estilo de vida saludable para adultos mayores incluye:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html">Alimentación saludable</a></strong>: A medida que envejece, sus necesidades nutricionales pueden cambiar. Es posible que necesite menos calorías, pero aún necesita obtener suficientes nutrientes. Un plan de alimentación saludable incluye:</li> <ul> <li>Comer alimentos que le entreguen muchos nutrientes sin muchas calorías adicionales. Esto incluye frutas y verduras, granos integrales, carnes magras, lácteos bajos en grasa, nueces y semillas</li> <li>Evitar calorías vacías, como alimentos como papas fritas, dulces, productos horneados, refrescos y alcohol</li> <li>Comer alimentos bajos en colesterol y grasas</li> <li>Beber suficientes líquidos, para que no se <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidrate</a></li> </ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforolderadults.html">Hacer actividad física regular</a></strong>: Estar físicamente activo puede ayudarle a mantener un peso saludable y evitar problemas crónicos de salud. Si no ha estado activo, puede comenzar lentamente y alcanzar su objetivo. La cantidad de ejercicio que necesita depende de su edad y estado de salud. Consulte con su profesional de la salud sobre lo que es adecuado para usted</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">Mantener un peso saludable</a></strong>: Tener sobrepeso o bajo peso puede provocar problemas de salud. Pregúntele a su profesional de la salud qué se considera un peso saludable para usted. La alimentación saludable y el ejercicio pueden ayudarle a alcanzarlo</li> <li><strong>Mantener una mente activa</strong>: Muchas actividades pueden mantener su mente activa y mejorar su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html">memoria</a>, incluyendo el aprendizaje de nuevas habilidades, la lectura y los juegos</li> <li><strong>Darle prioridad a su salud mental</strong>: Busque <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">mejorar su salud mental</a> al practicar meditación, técnicas de relajación o ser agradecido. Conozca las señales de alerta de algún problema y busque ayuda si presenta dificultades</li> <li><strong>Participar en actividades que disfrute</strong>: Las personas que participan en pasatiempos y actividades sociales y de ocio pueden tener un riesgo menor de tener algunos problemas de salud. Hacer cosas que disfrute puede ayudarle a sentirse más feliz y mejorar sus habilidades de pensamiento</li> <li> <strong>Desempeñar un papel activo en su atención médica</strong>: Asegúrese de hacerse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html">chequeos regulares</a> y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html">exámenes de salud</a> que necesita. Debe saber qué medicamentos está tomando, por qué los necesita y cómo tomarlos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html">adecuadamente</a></li> <li><strong>No fumar</strong>: Si es fumador, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar de fumar</a> es una de las cosas más importantes que puede hacer por su salud. Puede reducir el riesgo de varios tipos diferentes de cáncer, ciertas enfermedades pulmonares y enfermedades cardíacas</li> <li> <strong>Prevenir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">caídas</a></strong>: Los adultos mayores tienen un mayor riesgo de caerse. También tienen más probabilidades de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturarse </a> (romperse) un hueso cuando se caen. Realizar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html">chequeos oculares</a> regulares, hacer actividad física regularmente y hacer que su casa sea más segura puede reducir su riesgo de caerse </li> </ul> <p>Seguir estas sugerencias puede ayudarle a mantenerse saludable a medida que envejece. Incluso si nunca lo ha hecho antes, nunca es demasiado tarde para comenzar a cuidar su salud. Si tiene preguntas sobre estos cambios en el estilo de vida o necesita ayuda para descubrir cómo hacerlos, consulte a su profesional de la salud.</p> Personas mayores Bienestar y estilo de vida Healthy Aging Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Ejercicio para personas mayores Nutrición para personas mayores Salud de las personas mayores Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Hombres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Mujeres Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH <p>La piel cambia a medida que usted envejece. Es posible que observe arrugas, manchas por la edad y resequedad. La piel también se hace más delgada y pierde grasa, tornándose menos suave y lisa. También puede tardar más en curarse. </p> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">luz solar</a> es una causa importante del envejecimiento de la piel. Usted puede protegerse si permanece alejado del sol en los horarios cuando está más fuerte, utiliza protector solar con un factor de protección (SPF) de 15 o más, usa ropa protectora y evita las lámparas y las camas solares. Fumar cigarrillos también contribuye a tener arrugas. Las arrugas aumentan con la cantidad de cigarrillos y el número de años que una persona fuma.</p> <p>Muchos productos anuncian revitalizar la piel o disminuir las arrugas, pero la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos (FDA) aprobó sólo unos pocos de estos para las pieles dañadas por el sol o el envejecimiento. Existen varios tratamientos para humectar la piel seca y reducir la apariencia de las manchas por la edad.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento </p> Personas mayores Piel, cabello y uñas Skin Aging Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Botox Exposición al sol Arrugas Piel, Envejecimiento Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Intoxicación <p>Un veneno o toxina es cualquier sustancia peligrosa para el cuerpo. Es posible tragarlo, inhalarlo, inyectarlo o absorberlo a través de la piel. Cualquier sustancia puede ser un veneno si se ingiere demasiado de ella. Entre los venenos se encuentran:</p> <ul> <li>Medicinas a la venta con y sin receta médica en dosis demasiado altas</li> <li>Sobredosis de drogas ilegales</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html">Monóxido de carbono</a> de quemadores de gas en el hogar</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html">Productos de uso en el hogar</a>, tales como el jabón en polvo para lavar la ropa o lustre para muebles</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html">Pesticidas</a></li> <li>Plantas para interiores y exteriores</li> <li>Metales como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html">plomo</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mercury.html">mercurio</a></li> </ul> <p>Los efectos del envenenamiento o la intoxicación varían de enfermedades de corta duración hasta lesión cerebral, coma y muerte. Para prevenir los envenenamientos es importante usar y guardar los productos exactamente como lo indican las etiquetas. Mantenga los productos alejados del alcance de los niños. El tratamiento de un envenenamiento depende del tipo de veneno. Si sospecha que alguien ha sido envenenado llame al centro de control de envenenamientos local al 1-800-222-1222 de inmediato.</p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Asuntos de seguridad Poisoning Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Arsénico Asbesto Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos Envenenamiento con monóxido de carbono Envenenamiento con plomo Envenenamiento con productos del hogar Mercurio Pesticidas Intoxicación Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Inhalación de monóxido de carbono Intoxicación con monóxido de carbono <p>El monóxido de carbono (CO) es un gas sin olor ni color pero muy peligroso. Puede causar súbitamente una enfermedad y la muerte. El CO se encuentra en el humo de la combustión, como lo es el expulsado por automóviles y camiones, candelabros, estufas, fogones de gas y sistemas de calefacción. El CO proveniente de estos humos puede acumularse en lugares que no tienen una buena circulación de aire fresco. Una persona puede envenenarse al respirarlos. Los síntomas más comunes de envenenamiento por CO son:</p> <ul> <li> Dolor de cabeza</li> <li> Mareos</li> <li> Debilidad </li> <li> Náusea</li> <li> Vómitos</li> <li> Dolor en el pecho</li> <li> Confusión </li> </ul> <p>Suele ser difícil decir si alguien está envenenado con CO, ya que los síntomas pueden parecerse a los de otras enfermedades. Las personas que están dormidas o intoxicadas pueden morir de envenenamiento por CO antes de presentar síntomas. Un detector de CO puede advertirle si tiene altos niveles de CO en su hogar.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Intoxicación por monóxido de carbono Monóxido de carbono, Envenenamiento Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Comisión de Seguridad de los Productos para el Consumidor Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión de Seguridad de los Productos para el Consumidor Saturnismo <p>El plomo es un metal que se encuentra en forma natural en la corteza terrestre. Se puede encontrar en todas partes del medio ambiente. Gran parte de él proviene de actividades humanas como la minería y la industria. El plomo solía estar presente en la pintura. Las casas antiguas aun pueden estar pintadas con pintura que contiene plomo. Usted puede estar expuesto al plomo al:</p> <ul> <li>Comer alimentos o agua contaminados con plomo. Las tuberías de agua en casas antiguas pueden contener plomo</li> <li>Trabajar en una labor donde se utiliza plomo</li> <li>Tener un pasatiempo en el cual se use plomo, como hacer vitrales o cerámica vidriada con plomo</li> <li>Usar remedios caseros, tales como hierbas o alimentos que contengan plomo</li> </ul> <p>Respirar aire, tomar agua potable, comer alimentos o tragar o tocar cosas contaminadas con plomo puede causar muchos problemas de salud. El plomo puede afectar a casi todos los órganos y sistemas del cuerpo. En adultos, el plomo puede aumentar la presión arterial y causar infertilidad, trastornos nerviosos y dolores en los músculos y en las articulaciones. También le puede hacer sentir irritable y afectar su capacidad para concentrarse y recordar.</p> <p>El plomo es especialmente peligroso para los niños. Un niño que ingiera grandes cantidades de plomo puede desarrollar anemia, dolor de estómago severo, debilidad muscular y daño cerebral. Incluso en niveles bajos, el plomo puede afectar el crecimiento físico y mental de un niño. </p> <p class="">Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades </p> Niños y adolescentes Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Lead Poisoning Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Intoxicación por plomo Plomo, Envenenamiento por exposición al plomo Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Intoxicación con productos en el hogar Venenos en el hogar <p>Los productos que utiliza para la limpieza, carpintería, reparación de automóviles, jardinería y muchos otros usos domésticos pueden contener ingredientes que pueden dañar su salud, la de su familia y el medio ambiente. Éstos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Limpiadores de hornos y de drenaje</li> <li>Productos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">limpieza y desinfección</a>, incluyendo cloro y limpiadores antibacterianos</li> <li>Detergente en polvo</li> <li>Ceras para el piso</li> <li>Disolventes, decapantes y removedores de pintura</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html">Pesticidas</a></li> <li>Removedores de grasa y óxido</li> <li>Aceite de motor y aditivos de combustible</li> <li>Materiales para el arte y manualidades</li> </ul> <p>Las sustancias tóxicas en estos productos pueden causar daño si se inhalan, se ingieren o absorben a través de la piel. La gente es afectada por sustancias tóxicas en diferentes maneras. Altas dosis de una sustancia tóxica pueden causar defectos de nacimiento u otros problemas graves, como daño cerebral o la muerte.</p> <p>Para evitar problemas, mantenga los productos en sus contenedores originales y utilícelos como lo indica la etiqueta. Siga las instrucciones de la etiqueta o busque ayuda médica si usted los traga, inhala o su piel absorbe estos productos. </p> <p class="">Agencia de Protección Ambiental</p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Asuntos de seguridad Household Products Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Contaminación de interiores Envenenamiento Limpieza, sanitización y desinfección Pesticidas Seguridad del niño Productos en el hogar Productos para la limpieza Venenos en el hogar Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Asociación Americana de Medicina Veterinaria PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental NIH <p>Our environment affects our health. If parts of the environment, like the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html">air</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/waterpollution.html">water</a>, or soil become polluted, it can lead to health problems. For example, asthma pollutants and chemicals in the air or in the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/indoorairpollution.html">home</a> can trigger asthma attacks.</p> <p>Some environmental risks are a part of the natural world, like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radon.html">radon</a> in the soil. Others are the result of human activities, like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html">lead poisoning</a> from paint, or exposure to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html">asbestos</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html">mercury</a> from mining or industrial use.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Salud ambiental Environmental Health Spanish National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Air Pollution Drinking Water Electromagnetic Fields Indoor Air Pollution Lead Poisoning Molds Noise Occupational Health Oil Spills Pesticides Radiation Exposure Water Pollution Specifics National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Children Environmental Protection Agency Specifics National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Start Here National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Find an Expert Environmental Protection Agency Children Environmental Protection Agency Specifics National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Specifics National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Specifics National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Related Issues National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Children Pan American Health Organization PDF Specifics National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Specifics National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Children National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Teenagers Environmental Protection Agency Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Reference Desk Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Eosinophilia <p>Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell. They help fight off infections and play a role in your body's immune response. They can also build up and cause inflammation.</p> <p>Normally your blood doesn't have a large number of eosinophils. Your body may produce more of them in response to:</p><ul> <li>Allergic disorders</li> <li>Skin conditions</li> <li>Parasitic and fungal infections</li> <li>Autoimmune diseases</li> <li>Some cancers</li> <li>Bone marrow disorders</li> </ul> <p>In some conditions, the eosinophils can move outside the bloodstream and build up in organs and tissues. This can happen in many different parts of the body, including the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicesophagitis.html">esophagus</a>, heart, lungs, blood, and intestines. Treatment of eosinophilic disorders can vary, depending on the cause and which part of the body is affected. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">Steroids</a> are often part of the treatment.</p> Digestive System Blood, Heart and Circulation Lungs and Breathing Immune System Desórdenes eosinofílicos Eosinophilia Spanish Eosinophilic Esophagitis Churg-Strauss Syndrome Eosinophilia Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Children Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Reference Desk American Partnership for Eosinophilic Disorders Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Specifics National Jewish Health Living With American Partnership for Eosinophilic Disorders Specifics American Partnership for Eosinophilic Disorders Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH EoE Eosinophilic Oesophagitis <h3>What is eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)?</h3> <p>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease of the esophagus. Your esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach. If you have EoE, white blood cells called eosinophils build up in your esophagus. This causes damage and inflammation, which can cause pain, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">trouble swallowing</a>, and food getting stuck in your throat.</p> <p>EoE is rare. But because it is a newly recognized disease, it is being diagnosed more often. Some people who think that they have reflux <a href="gerd.html" tid="512">(GERD)</a> may actually have EoE.</p> <h3>What causes eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)?</h3> <p>Researchers are not certain about the exact cause of EoE. They think that it is an immune system/allergic reaction to foods or to substances in your environment, such as dust mites, animal dander, pollen, and molds. Certain genes may also play a role in EoE.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE)?</h3> <p>EoE can affect anyone, but it is more common in people who:</p><ul> <li>Are male</li> <li>Have other allergic diseases, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hayfever.html">hay fever</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html">eczema</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">asthma</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html">food allergies</a></li> <li>Have family members with EoE</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)?</h3> <p>The most common symptoms of EoE can depend on your age.</p> <p><strong>In infants and toddlers:</strong>:</p><ul> <li>Feeding problems</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vomiting</a></li> <li>Poor weight gain and growth</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html">Reflux</a> that does not get better with medicines</li> </ul> <p><strong>In older children:</strong>:</p><ul> <li>Vomiting</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">Abdominal pain</a></li> <li>Trouble swallowing, especially with solid foods</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxinchildren.html">Reflux</a> that does not get better with medicines</li> <li>Poor appetite</li> </ul> <p><strong>In adults:</strong>:</p><ul> <li>Trouble swallowing, especially with solid foods</li> <li>Food getting stuck in the esophagus</li> <li>Reflux that does not get better with medicines</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html">Heartburn</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have EoE, your doctor will likely:</p><ul> <li><strong>Ask about your symptoms and medical history.</strong> Since other conditions can have the same symptoms of EoE, it is important for your doctor to take a thorough history.</li> <li><strong>Do an upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy.</strong> An endoscope is a long, flexible tube with a light and camera at the end of it. Your doctor will run the endoscope down your esophagus and look at it. Some signs that you might have EoE include white spots, rings, narrowing, and inflammation in the esophagus. However, not everyone with EoE has those signs, and sometimes they can be signs of a different <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html">esophagus disorder</a>.</li> <li><strong>Do a biopsy.</strong> During the endoscopy, the doctor will take small tissue samples from your esophagus. The samples will be checked for a high number of eosinophils. This is the only way to make a diagnosis of EoE.</li> <li><strong>Do other tests as needed.</strong> You may have blood tests to check for other conditions. If you do have EoE, you may have blood or other types of tests to check for specific allergies.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)?</h3> <p>There is no cure for EoE. Treatments can manage your symptoms and prevent further damage. The two main types of treatments are medicines and diet.</p> <p>Medicines used to treat EoE are:</p><ul> <li><strong>Steroids,</strong> which can help control inflammation. These are usually topical steroids, which you swallow either from an inhaler or as a liquid. Sometimes doctors prescribe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">oral steroids</a> (pills) to treat people who have serious swallowing problems or weight loss.</li> <li><strong>Acid suppressors</strong> such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which may help with reflux symptoms and decrease inflammation.</li> <li><strong>Monoclonal antibodies,</strong> which can reduce inflammation and may help with swallowing. They can be used in adults and children over age 12.</li> </ul> <p>Dietary changes for EoE include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Elimination diet.</strong> If you are on an elimination diet, you stop eating and drinking certain foods and beverages for several weeks. If you are feeling better, you add the foods back to your diet one at a time. You have repeat endoscopies to see whether or not you are tolerating those foods. There are different types of elimination diets:</li> <ul> <li>With one type, you first have an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/food-allergy-testing/">allergy test</a>. Then you stop eating and drinking the foods you are allergic to.</li> <li>For another type, you eliminate foods and drinks that commonly cause allergies, such as dairy products, egg, wheat, soy, peanuts, tree nuts and fish/shellfish.</li> </ul> <li><strong>Elemental diet.</strong> With this diet, you stop eating and drinking all proteins. Instead, you drink an amino acid formula. Some people who do not like the taste of the formula use a feeding tube instead. If your symptoms and inflammation go away completely, you may be able to try adding foods back one at a time, to see whether you can tolerate them.</li> </ul> <p>Which treatment your doctor suggests depends on different factors, including your age. Some people may use more than one kind of treatment. Researchers are still trying to understand EoE and how best to treat it.</p> <p>If your treatment is not working well enough and you have narrowing of the esophagus, you may need dilation. This is a procedure to stretch the esophagus. This makes it easier for you to swallow.</p> Digestive System Blood, Heart and Circulation Immune System Esofagitis eosinofílica Eosinophilic Esophagitis Spanish Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More American Partnership for Eosinophilic Disorders Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More American College of Gastroenterology Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Learn More North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition PDF Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH <p>La epilepsia es un trastorno cerebral que hace que las personas tengan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">convulsiones</a> recurrentes. Las convulsiones ocurren cuando los grupos de células nerviosas (neuronas) del cerebro envían señales erróneas. Las personas pueden tener sensaciones y emociones extrañas o comportarse de una manera rara. Pueden tener espasmos musculares violentos o perder el conocimiento.</p> <p>La epilepsia tiene muchas causas posibles, que incluyen las enfermedades, lesiones cerebrales y el desarrollo cerebral anormal. A pesar de eso, en muchos casos se desconoce la causa.</p> <p>Los médicos usan estudios cerebrales y otras pruebas para diagnosticar la epilepsia. Es importante iniciar el tratamiento de inmediato. No existe una cura para la epilepsia, pero en la mayoría de los casos las medicinas pueden controlar las convulsiones. Cuando los medicamentos no funcionan bien, la cirugía o los dispositivos implantados, como los estimuladores vagales, pueden ayudar. Las dietas especiales pueden ayudar a ciertos niños epilépticos.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Epilepsy Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Convulsiones Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH <p>Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes people to have recurring <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">seizures</a>. The seizures happen when clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain send out the wrong signals. People may have strange sensations and emotions or behave strangely. They may have violent muscle spasms or lose consciousness.</p> <p>Epilepsy has many possible causes, including illness, brain injury, and abnormal brain development. In many cases, the cause is unknown.</p> <p>Doctors use brain scans and other tests to diagnose epilepsy. It is important to start treatment right away. There is no cure for epilepsy, but medicines can control seizures for most people. When medicines are not working well, surgery or implanted devices such as vagus nerve stimulators may help. Special diets can help some children with epilepsy.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Epilepsia Epilepsy Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Seizures Start Here Department of Veterans Affairs Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Office of Disability Employment Policy Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women American Academy of Family Physicians Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert American Epilepsy Society Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Children National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Neurology PDF Children Nemours Foundation <h3>¿Qué son los electrolitos?</h3> <p>Los electrolitos son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">minerales</a> que tienen carga eléctrica cuando se disuelven en agua o fluidos corporales, incluida la sangre. La carga eléctrica puede ser positiva o negativa. Usted tiene electrolitos en la sangre, la orina, los tejidos y otros fluidos corporales.</p> <p>Son importantes porque ayudan a:</p> <ul> <li>Equilibrar la cantidad de agua en el cuerpo</li> <li>Equilibrar el nivel ácido-base (pH) de su cuerpo</li> <li>Llevar nutrientes a sus células</li> <li>Eliminar los desechos de sus células</li> <li>Apoyar el funcionamiento de sus músculos y nervios</li> <li>Mantener su frecuencia y ritmo cardíacos estable</li> <li>Manter estable su presión arterial</li> <li>Mantener sus huesos y dientes sanos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de electrolitos en su cuerpo?</h3> <p>Los principales electrolitos de su cuerpo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Bicarbonato: Ayuda a mantener el equilibrio ácido-base del cuerpo y cumple una función importante en la circulación de dióxido de carbono por el torrente sanguíneo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">Calcio</a>: Ayuda a fortalecer y mantener los huesos y los dientes</li> <li>Cloruro: También ayuda a controlar la cantidad de líquido en el cuerpo. Además, ayuda a mantener un volumen de sangre y una presión arterial saludables</li> <li>Magnesio: Ayuda a que los músculos, los nervios y el corazón funcionen bien. También ayuda a controlar la presión arterial y los niveles de <a href="../spanish/bloodglucose.html" tid="6122">glucosa (azúcar) en sangre</a></li> <li>Fosfato: Trabaja junto con el mineral calcio para formar huesos y dientes fuertes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html">Potasio</a>: Ayuda a que el corazón y los músculos funcionen bien</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">Sodio</a>: Ayuda a controlar la cantidad de líquido que hay en el cuerpo. También contribuye a que los nervios y los músculos funcionen bien</li> </ul> <p>Los electrolitos se obtienen de los alimentos que consume y de los líquidos que bebe.</p> <h3>¿Qué es un desequilibrio electrolítico?</h3> <p>Un desequilibrio electrolítico significa que el nivel de uno o más electrolitos en su cuerpo es demasiado bajo o demasiado alto. Puede ocurrir cuando cambia la cantidad de agua en su cuerpo. La cantidad de agua que ingiere debe ser igual a la cantidad que elimina. Si algo altera este equilibrio, es posible que tenga muy poca agua (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratación</a>) o demasiada agua (sobrehidratación). Algunas de las razones más comunes por las que podría tener un desequilibrio del agua en su cuerpo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Ciertos medicamentos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vómito</a> y/o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a> intenso</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html">Sudoración</a> intensa</li> <li>Problemas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">cardíacos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hepáticos</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">renales</a></li> <li>No beber suficientes líquidos, especialmente cuando se hace ejercicio intenso o cuando hace mucho calor</li> <li>Beber demasiada agua</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de desequilibrios electrolíticos?</h3> <p>Los nombres de los diferentes tipos de desequilibrios electrolíticos son:</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Nombres de los diferentes tipos de desequilibrios electrolíticos" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Electrolito</th> <th scope="col">Demasiado bajo</th> <th scope="col">Demasiado alto</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Bicarbonato</td> <td>Acidosis</td> <td>Alcalosis</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Calcio</td> <td>Hipocalcemia</td> <td>Hipercalcemia</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Cloruro</td> <td>Hipocloremia</td> <td>Hipercloremia</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Magnesio</td> <td>Hipomagnesemia</td> <td>Hipermagnesemia</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Fosfato</td> <td>Hipofosfatemia</td> <td>Hiperfosfatemia</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Potasio</td> <td>Hipocalemia</td> <td>Hipercalemia</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Sodio</td> <td>Hiponatremia</td> <td>Hipernatremia</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los desequilibrios electrolíticos?</h3> <p>Una prueba llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ionograma/">panel de electrolitos</a> puede verificar los niveles de los principales electrolitos de su cuerpo. Una prueba relacionada, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-de-sangre-de-la-brecha-anionica/">análisis de sangre de la brecha aniónica</a>, verifica si sus electrolitos están desequilibrados o si su sangre es demasiado ácida o no lo suficientemente ácida.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los desequilibrios electrolíticos?</h3> <p>El tratamiento para un desequilibrio electrolítico depende de qué electrolitos están desequilibrados, si hay muy pocos o demasiados y qué está causando el desequilibrio. En casos menores, es posible que simplemente deba realizar algunos cambios en su dieta. En otros casos, es posible que necesite otros tratamientos. Por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Si no tiene suficientes electrolitos, puede recibir una terapia de reemplazo de electrolitos. Esto implica darle más de ese electrolito. Puede ser un medicamento o suplemento que se traga o bebe, o se puede administrar por vía intravenosa</li> <li>Si tiene demasiado electrolito, su profesional de la salud puede darle medicamentos o líquidos (por vía oral o intravenosa) para ayudar a eliminar ese electrolito de su cuerpo. En casos graves, es posible que necesite diálisis para filtrar el electrolito</li> </ul> Alimentos y nutrición Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Deshidratación Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica ED Impotence <p>Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common type of male sexual dysfunction. It is when a man has trouble getting or keeping an erection. ED becomes more common as you get older. But it's not a natural part of aging.</p> <p>Some people have trouble speaking with their doctors about sex. But if you have ED, you should tell your doctor. ED can be a sign of health problems. It may mean your blood vessels are clogged. It may mean you have nerve damage from diabetes. If you don't see your doctor, these problems will go untreated. </p> <p>Your doctor can offer several new treatments for ED. For many men, the answer is as simple as taking a pill. Getting more exercise, losing weight, or stopping smoking may also help. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Older Adults Men Sexual Health Issues Male Reproductive System Disfunción eréctil Erectile Dysfunction Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Penis Disorders Impotence Living With Harvard Medical School Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Heart Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Cancer Society Related Issues Endocrine Society Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH <p>Ergonomics looks at what kind of work you do, what tools you use and your whole job environment. The aim is to find the best fit between you and your job conditions. Examples of ergonomic changes to your work might include:</p><ul> <li>Adjusting the position of your computer keyboard to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html">carpal tunnel syndrome</a> </li> <li>Being sure that the height of your desk chair allows your feet to rest flat on the floor</li> <li>Learning the right way to lift heavy objects to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backinjuries.html">back injuries</a> </li> <li>Using handle coatings or special gloves to suppress vibrations from power tools</li> <li>Making sure that you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/guidetogoodposture.html">good posture</a> in whatever you do, whether it is sitting in front of a computer, standing at a checkout, or walking around a warehouse</li> </ul> <p>No matter what the job is, the goal is to make sure that you are safe, comfortable, and less prone to work-related injuries.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Wellness and Lifestyle Safety Issues Ergonomía Ergonomics Spanish Back Pain Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Guide to Good Posture Occupational Health Repetitive Motion Injuries Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PDF Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Research Services, Division of Safety NIH Start Here Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Statistics and Research Bureau of Labor Statistics PDF Find an Expert Occupational Safety and Health Administration Teenagers Nemours Foundation Journal Articles <p>La ergonomía ve el tipo de trabajo que usted hace, las herramientas que utiliza y su ambiente de trabajo como un todo. El objetivo es encontrar la mejor adaptación entre usted y sus condiciones laborales. Algunos ejemplos de cambios ergonómicos en su trabajo pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Ajustar la posición del teclado de su computadora para prevenir el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html">síndrome del túnel carpiano</a> </li> <li>Asegurarse que la altura de la silla de su escritorio permite que sus pies descansen horizontalmente en el piso </li> <li> Aprender la forma adecuada de levantar objetos pesados para prevenir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backinjuries.html">lesiones en la espalda</a></li> <li> Usar cubiertas para las manijas o guantes especiales para disminuir las vibraciones de las herramientas eléctricas </li> <li>Asegurarse de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guidetogoodposture.html">mantener una buena postura</a> en todo lo que haga, ya sea estando sentado frente a una computadora, de pie en el mostrador o caminando por un almacén</li> </ul> <p>Independientemente del trabajo, el objetivo es garantizar que esté seguro, cómodo y menos propenso a lesiones relacionadas con el trabajo.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Bienestar y estilo de vida Asuntos de seguridad Ergonomics Dolor de espalda Salud ocupacional Síndrome del túnel carpiano Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional PDF <p>La córnea y el cristalino del ojo ayudan a enfocar. Los errores de refracción son problemas de visión que se producen cuando la forma del ojo no le permite enfocar bien. La causa podría ser la longitud del globo ocular (largo o más corto), cambios en la forma de la córnea o el envejecimiento del cristalino. Cuatro errores de refracción comunes son:</p> <ul> <li> Miopía o corto de vista: Visión clara de cerca, pero borrosa a distancia</li> <li>Hipermetropía o hiperopía: Visión clara a distancia, pero borrosa de cerca</li> <li> Presbicia: Incapacidad para enfocar de cerca resultado del envejecimiento</li> <li>Astigmatismo: Problemas de enfoque causados por la córnea</li> </ul> <p>El síntoma más común es la visión borrosa. Otros síntomas pueden incluir visión doble, nebulosas, deslumbramiento o halos alrededor de luces brillantes, entrecerrar los ojos, dolores de cabeza o fatiga visual.</p> <p>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyewear.html">anteojos o los lentes de contacto</a> suelen corregir los errores de refracción. La cirugía del ojo con láser es otra posibilidad.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo </p> Ojos y visión Refractive Errors Instituto Nacional del Ojo Anteojos, lentes de contacto y protección ocular Cirugía del ojo con rayos láser Problemas y pérdida de la visión Astigmatismo Hipermetropía Hiperopía Miopía Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Oftalmología Cómo tomar los medicamentos Dar mal un medicamento Errores con dosis de medicamentos Errores con remedios Errores de medicación Tomando medicamentos de manera segura <p>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html">medicamentos</a> tratan enfermedades infecciosas, previenen problemas para que éstos no se conviertan en enfermedades crónicas y alivian el dolor. Pero las medicinas también pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">reacciones no deseadas</a> si no se usan correctamente. Los errores pueden suceder en el hospital, en la oficina del proveedor de salud, en la farmacia o en casa. Usted puede prevenir estos errores al:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Conocer sus medicinas</strong>: Cuando obtenga una receta, pregunte el nombre del medicamento y verifique que la farmacia le haya entregado el medicamento correcto. Asegúrese de entender la frecuencia con la que debe tomar el medicamento y por cuánto tiempo debe tomarlo</li> <li><strong>Tener una lista de sus medicinas</strong></li> <ul> <li>Escriba todas las medicinas que toma. Incluya sus nombres, dosis y cuándo debe tomarlas. También incluya los medicamentos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html">sin receta médica</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html">hierbas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html">suplementos</a></li> <li>Haga una lista de las medicinas a las que usted es alérgico y las que le han causado problemas en el pasado</li> <li>Lleve esta lista a todas sus visitas con el médico</li> </ul> <li><strong>Leer y seguir las instrucciones de las etiquetas de los medicamentos</strong>: No confíe solo en su memoria. Lea las etiquetas de las medicinas cada vez. Sea especialmente cuidadoso al dar medicinas a los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html">niños</a></li> <li><strong>Hacer preguntas</strong>: Si no conoce las respuestas a estas preguntas, pregunte a su proveedor de salud:</li> <ul> <li>¿Por qué tengo que tomar este remedio?</li> <li>¿Cuáles son sus efectos secundarios comunes?</li> <li>¿Qué debo hacer si tengo efectos secundarios?</li> <li>¿Cuándo debo dejar de tomar el medicamento?</li> <li>¿Puedo tomar este remedio o suplemento junto con las otras medicinas en mi lista?</li> <li>¿Necesito evitar ciertos alimentos o el alcohol al tomar esta medicina?</li> </ul> </ul> <p class="">Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</p> Tratamiento con medicamentos Medication Errors Interacciones y efectos secundarios de los medicamentos Medicamentos Medicamentos sin receta médica Medicamentos y los niños Seguridad del paciente Medicamentos, Errores en la administración Remedios, Cómo tomarlos de manera segura Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos PDF Gammagrafía <p>La escanografía nuclear (o gammagrafía) utiliza material radioactivo para observar las estructuras y funciones al interior de su cuerpo. Incluye una cámara especial que detecta la radioactividad. </p> <p>Antes del estudio, la persona recibirá una pequeña dosis de una sustancia radioactiva. En general se inyecta, pero a veces se traga o inhala. Luego el paciente se acuesta inmóvil sobre una mesa de exploración mientras la cámara toma las imágenes. La mayoría de los estudios toman de 20 a 45 minutos.</p> <p>Las escanografías nucleares ayudan a los médicos a diagnosticar afecciones, incluyendo cánceres, lesiones e infecciones. También pueden mostrar el funcionamiento de algunos órganos, como el corazón y los pulmones.</p> Pruebas de diagnóstico Nuclear Scans Diagnóstico por imágenes Gammagrafia Tomografía Nuclear Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Esclerosis sistémica <h3>¿Qué es la esclerodermia?</h3> <p>Esclerodermia significa "piel dura". Es el nombre de una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">enfermedad autoinmune</a> que causa inflamación y engrosamiento de la piel y otras partes del cuerpo. Esta inflamación hace que tenga áreas de piel tirante y dura. La esclerodermia puede afectar solo un área de su cuerpo o puede afectar muchos sistemas de su cuerpo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de esclerodermia?</h3> <p>Hay dos tipos principales de esclerodermia:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Esclerodermia localizada</strong>: Afecta sólo la piel y los músculos y tejidos justo debajo de la piel</li> <li><strong>Esclerodermia sistémica</strong>: Es un tipo más grave que también se conoce como esclerosis sistémica. Afecta a muchas partes del cuerpo y puede dañar los vasos sanguíneos y los órganos internos, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">corazón</a>, los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">pulmones</a> y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">riñones</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa la esclerodermia?</h3> <p>Se desconoce la causa exacta de la esclerodermia. Los investigadores creen que varios factores pueden influir en la causa de la enfermedad:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Su genética</strong>: Ciertos genes pueden aumentar la probabilidad de tener esclerodermia. También pueden influir en el tipo de esclerodermia que tenga. La esclerodermia no se transmite de padres a hijos, pero es más probable que la desarrolle si un pariente cercano la padece</li> <li><strong>Su ambiente</strong>: La exposición a ciertos elementos del medio ambiente, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virus</a> o sustancias químicas, puede desencadenar la esclerodermia</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">Cambios en el sistema inmunitario</a></strong>: Cuando su sistema inmunitario cambia, puede hacer que sus células produzcan demasiado colágeno en el cuerpo. Demasiado colágeno provoca áreas de piel tirante y dura</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">Hormonas</a></strong>: Las diferencias hormonales o del sistema inmunitario entre mujeres y hombres podrían influir en la enfermedad</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener esclerodermia?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede desarrollar esclerodermia, pero ciertos factores pueden aumentar la probabilidad de tenerla:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Sexo</strong>: La esclerodermia es más común en mujeres que en hombres</li> <li><strong>Edad</strong>: La enfermedad suele aparecer entre los 30 y 50 años</li> <li><strong>Raza</strong>: La esclerodermia puede afectar a personas de todas las razas y grupos étnicos, pero la enfermedad puede afectar más gravemente a los afrodescendientes</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la esclerodermia?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la esclerodermia son diferentes para cada persona, dependiendo del tipo de esclerodermia que tenga:</p> <ul> <li><strong>La esclerodermia localizada</strong> en general causa parches de piel gruesa y dura en uno de dos patrones: <ul> <li>Parches firmes y de forma ovalada que permanecen en un área o se extienden a otras áreas de la piel. Esto se llama morfea</li> <li>Líneas de piel gruesa o de diferente color que recorren el brazo, la pierna y, en raras ocasiones, la frente. Esto se llama esclerodermia lineal</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>La esclerodermia sistémica</strong> puede causar problemas en los órganos internos y en la piel. Puede causar síntomas como: <ul> <li>Piel gruesa y tirante en los dedos</li> <li>Fatiga</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/raynaudphenomenon.html">Fenómeno de Raynaud</a>, un estrechamiento de los vasos sanguíneos en las manos o los pies</li> <li>Daño a sus órganos internos, incluyendo su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html">sistema digestivo</a>, pulmones, riñones y corazón</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la esclerodermia?</h3> <p>No existe una prueba única para la esclerodermia. Los síntomas pueden variar de persona a persona y pueden ser similares a los de otras enfermedades. Esto puede hacer que la esclerodermia sea difícil de diagnosticar.</p> <p>Para saber si tiene esclerodermia, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historia clínica</li> <li>Hará un examen físico</li> <li>Puede solicitar análisis de sangre, incluyendo una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/">prueba de ANA (anticuerpos antinucleares)</a></li> <li>Puede hacer una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> de piel</li> <li>Puede realizar otros exámenes, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de imágenes</a>, para detectar daños en los órganos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la esclerodermia?</h3> <p>No existe cura para la esclerodermia, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas y limitar el daño. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong> para ayudar a disminuir la inflamación, controlar el dolor, manejar otros síntomas y prevenir complicaciones</li> <li><strong>Terapia física u ocupacional</strong> para ayudar con el dolor, mejorar la fuerza muscular y enseñarle formas de ayudar con la vida diaria</li> <li><strong>Cuidado dental regular</strong>, porque la esclerodermia puede <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html">resecar la boca</a> y dañar sus tejidos conectivos. Estos problemas pueden acelerar las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html">caries</a> y hacer que los dientes se aflojen</li> </ul> <p>Es posible que necesite consultar a especialistas para que le ayuden a tratar su enfermedad. Muchas personas con esclerodermia acuden a un reumatólogo, un especialista en enfermedades reumáticas como la artritis y otros trastornos inflamatorios o autoinmunes. Los dermatólogos, que se especializan en afecciones de la piel, el cabello y las uñas, también pueden tener un papel importante en el tratamiento de la enfermedad. Y si tiene daño en algún órgano, es posible que necesite consultar a otros especialistas. También puede ayudar a controlar algunos de sus síntomas, por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Vestirse abrigado y evitar ambientes fríos o húmedos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">Dejar de fumar</a> (si fuma)</li> <li>Aplicarse protector solar antes de salir al aire libre</li> <li>Usar humectantes en la piel para ayudar a disminuir la rigidez</li> <li>Evitar baños y duchas calientes, jabones fuertes y limpiadores domésticos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Hacer actividad física regular</a></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Piel, cabello y uñas Sistema inmunitario Scleroderma Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Fenómeno de Raynaud Esclerosis sistémica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Enfermedad de Lou Gehrig <p>La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, o ELA, es una enfermedad del sistema nervioso que ataca a las células nerviosas (neuronas) que están en el cerebro y la médula espinal. Estas neuronas transmiten mensajes desde el cerebro y la médula espinal hacia los músculos voluntarios, los que usted puede controlar, como los de los brazos y las piernas. Al principio, causa problemas musculares leves. Algunas personas notan problemas para:</p><ul> <li> Caminar o correr </li> <li> Escribir </li> <li> Hablar </li> </ul> <p> Tarde o temprano, la persona pierde la fuerza y no puede moverse. Cuando comienzan a fallar los músculos del pecho, la respiración se dificulta. El uso de un respirador puede ayudar, pero la mayoría de las personas con esta enfermedad fallece por insuficiencia respiratoria. </p> <p>La enfermedad suele atacar entre los 40 y los 60 años y es más común entre los hombres que entre las mujeres. No se conoce la causa de la enfermedad. Puede ser parte de una tendencia familiar, pero generalmente se presenta aleatoriamente. No existe una cura. Las medicinas pueden aliviar los síntomas y, algunas veces, prolongar la supervivencia. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares ELA Enfermedad de Lou Gehrig Lou Gehrig, Enfermedad de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Asociación ALS Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación de la Distrofia Muscular PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Asociación ALS <p>La esclerosis múltiple es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">enfermedad del sistema nervioso</a> que afecta al cerebro y la médula espinal. Lesiona la vaina de mielina, el material que rodea y protege las células nerviosas. La lesión hace más lentos o bloquea los mensajes entre el cerebro y el cuerpo, conduciendo a los síntomas de la esclerosis múltiple. Estos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li> Alteraciones de la vista </li> <li> Debilidad muscular </li> <li> Problemas con la coordinación y el equilibrio </li> <li> Sensaciones como entumecimiento, picazón o pinchazos </li> <li> Problemas con el pensamiento y la memoria </li> </ul> <p>No se conoce la causa de la esclerosis múltiple. Puede ser una enfermedad autoinmune, que ocurre cuando el cuerpo se ataca a sí mismo. La esclerosis múltiple afecta más a las mujeres que a los hombres. Suele comenzar entre los 20 y los 40 años. En general, la enfermedad es leve, pero algunas personas pierden la capacidad para escribir, hablar o caminar. </p> <p>No existe una prueba específica para la esclerosis múltiple. Los profesionales de la salud utilizan su historia clínica, examen físico, pruebas neurológicas, resonancia magnética y otros métodos para diagnosticarla. No tiene cura, pero las medicinas pueden hacer más lento el proceso y ayudar a controlar los síntomas. La fisioterapia y la terapia ocupacional también pueden ayudar.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Cerebro y nervios Multiple Sclerosis Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Sociedad Nacional de Esclerosis Múltiple Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Sociedad Nacional de Esclerosis Múltiple Video Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>La esclerosis tuberosa es un trastorno genético raro que causa el crecimiento de tumores no cancerosos en el cerebro y otros órganos. Los síntomas varían dependiendo de la ubicación de los tumores. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li> Problemas con la piel, como zonas de piel claras y gruesas</li> <li> Convulsiones</li> <li> Problemas de conducta</li> <li> Discapacidades del aprendizaje </li> <li> Problemas renales </li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas presentan signos de esclerosis tuberosa al momento de nacer. En otras el desarrollo de los síntomas puede tomarse más tiempo. La enfermedad puede ser leve en algunos casos o provocar severas limitaciones. En casos raros, los tumores en los órganos vitales u otros síntomas pueden amenazar la vida.</p> <p>La esclerosis tuberosa no tiene cura, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar a disminuir los síntomas. Las opciones incluyen medicinas, terapia educacional y ocupacional, cirugía para la afección o para tratar complicaciones específicas. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Tuberous Sclerosis Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Más información Spanish/Español Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Curvatura de la columna <p>La escoliosis causa una curvatura hacia los lados de la columna vertebral o espina dorsal. Las curvas suelen tener forma de S o de C. La escoliosis es más común al final de la niñez y el inicio de la adolescencia, cuando el crecimiento es más rápido. Las niñas suelen tenerla más que los varones. Suele ser hereditaria. Los síntomas incluyen inclinación hacia un lado y tener hombros y caderas desiguales. A veces es fácil notar los síntomas, pero no siempre.</p> <p>Los niños pueden tener un examen para detectar escoliosis en la escuela o durante un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html">chequeo médico</a>. Si parece que hay un problema, los médicos usarán su historia clínica y familiar, un examen físico y pruebas de imagen para diagnosticarla. El tratamiento depende de su edad, cuánto más es probable que crezca, cuán marcada es la curva y si la curva es temporal o permanente. Las personas con escoliosis leve pueden necesitar solamente chequeos para ver si la curva está empeorando. Otros podrían necesitar usar un corsé o someterse a una cirugía. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Scoliosis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours <h3>¿Qué es la esofagitis eosinofílica?</h3> <p>La esofagitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad crónica del esófago. Su esófago es el tubo muscular que transporta alimentos y líquidos desde la boca hasta el estómago. Si tiene esofagitis eosinofílica, unos glóbulos blancos llamados eosinófilos se acumulan en su esófago. Esto causa daño e inflamación, problemas para tragar y el atascamiento de comida en la garganta.</p> <p>La esofagitis eosinofílica no es común, pero debido a que es una enfermedad reconocida hace poco, está siendo diagnosticada más a menudo. Algunas personas que piensan que tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">reflujo gastroesofágico</a> pueden tener esofagitis eosinofílica.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la esofagitis eosinofílica?</h3> <p>Los investigadores no están seguros sobre la causa exacta de esofagitis eosinofílica. Creen que es una reacción del sistema inmunitario o alérgica a alimentos o sustancias en su entorno como ácaros del polvo, caspa de animales, polen y moho. Ciertos genes también pueden desempeñar un papel en ella.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener esofagitis eosinofílica?</h3> <p>La esofagitis eosinofílica puede afectar a cualquier persona, pero es más común en:</p> <ul> <li>Hombres</li> <li>Personas con otras alergias, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hayfever.html">fiebre del heno</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html">eccema</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">asma</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html">alergias alimentarias</a></li> <li>Personas con familiares con esofagitis eosinofílica</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la esofagitis eosinofílica?</h3> <p>Los síntomas más comunes de la esofagitis eosinofílica pueden depender de su edad.</p> <p>En bebés y niños pequeños los síntomas son:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas de alimentación</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vómitos</a></li> <li>Poco aumento de peso y crecimiento</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html">Reflujo</a> que no mejora con medicamentos</li> </ul> <p>En niños mayores:</p> <ul> <li>Vómitos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">Dolor abdominal</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">Problemas para tragar</a>, en especial alimentos sólidos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxinchildren.html">Reflujo</a> que no mejora con medicamentos</li> <li>Poco apetito</li> </ul> <p>En adultos:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas para tragar, en especial alimentos sólidos</li> <li>La comida se atasca en el esófago (se atraganta)</li> <li>Reflujo que no mejora con medicamentos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html">Acidez</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor de pecho</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la esofagitis eosinofílica?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene esofagitis eosinofílica, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Preguntarle sobre sus síntomas e historia clínica:</strong> Dado que otras afecciones pueden tener los mismos síntomas, es importante que su médico haga una historia clínica completa</li> <li><strong>Hacer una endoscopia gastrointestinal superior:</strong> Un endoscopio tiene una cámara diminuta al final de un tubo largo y delgado. Su médico insertará el endoscopio por su esófago para observarlo. Algunos signos de esofagitis eosinofílica incluyen manchas blancas, anillos, estrechamiento e inflamación en el esófago. Sin embargo, no todas las personas tienen esos signos y algunas veces pueden ser señales de otro trastorno del esófago</li> <li><strong>Hacer una biopsia:</strong> Durante la endoscopía, el médico tomará pequeñas muestras de tejido de su esófago. En estas muestras se busca cantidades elevadas de eosinófilos. Esta es la única forma de hacer un diagnóstico de esofagitis eosinofílica</li> <li><strong>Hacer otras pruebas si es necesario:</strong> Es posible que le pidan un análisis de sangre para verificar otras afecciones. Si tiene esofagitis eosinofílica, es posible que le hagan un análisis de sangre u otros tipos de pruebas para detectar alergias específicas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la esofagitis eosinofílica?</h3> <p>No existe una cura para la esofagitis eosinofílica. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar con sus síntomas y evitar daños mayores. Los dos tipos principales de tratamientos son medicamentos y dieta.</p> <p>Los medicamentos utilizados para tratarla son:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Corticoides:</strong> Pueden ayudar a controlar la inflamación. Por lo general, estos son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a> (esteroides) tópicos (de aplicación directa), que se toman a través de un inhalador o en forma líquida. En ocasiones, los médicos recetan esteroides orales (píldoras) para tratar a las personas que tienen problemas graves de deglución o pérdida de peso</li> <li><strong>Supresores de ácido como inhibidores de la bomba de protones:</strong> Pueden ayudar con los síntomas de reflujo y disminuir la inflamación</li> <li><strong>Anticuerpos monoclonales:</strong> Pueden reducir la inflamación y ayudar a tragar. Se pueden usar en adultos y niños mayores de 12 años</li> </ul> <p>Los cambios en la dieta incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Dieta de eliminación:</strong> Si está haciendo una dieta de eliminación, usted no come ni bebe ciertos alimentos y bebidas durante varias semanas. Si se siente mejor, va agregando los alimentos a su dieta uno por uno. Además, se le realizarán varias endoscopias para ver si está tolerando esas comidas o no. Hay diferentes tipos de dietas de eliminación:</li> <ul> <li>Un tipo: Le hacen una prueba de alergia. Una vez que saben a qué alimentos usted es alérgico, deja de comer esos alimentos</li> <li>Otro tipo: Deja de comer alimentos y bebidas que comúnmente causan alergias, como productos lácteos, huevo, trigo, soja, maní, nueces y pescados/mariscos</li></ul> <li><strong>Dieta elemental:</strong> Con esta dieta deja de comer y beber todos los alimentos con proteínas. En su lugar, bebe una fórmula de aminoácidos. Algunas personas que no les gusta el sabor de la fórmula usan un tubo de alimentación. Si sus síntomas e inflamación desaparecen por completo, puede intentar volver a agregar alimentos uno por uno, para ver si puede tolerarlos</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento que recomiende su profesional de la salud depende de diferentes factores, incluida su edad. Algunas personas pueden usar más de un tipo de tratamiento. Los investigadores todavía están tratando de entender la esofagitis eosinofílica y la mejor forma de tratarla.</p> <p>Si su tratamiento no está funcionando bien y tiene un estrechamiento (se hace más angosto) del esófago, es posible que necesite dilatación. Este es un procedimiento para ensanchar el esófago, lo que hace más fácil tragar.</p> Sistema digestivo Sangre, corazón y circulación Sistema inmunitario Eosinophilic Esophagitis Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>The esophagus is a hollow tube that carries food and liquids from your throat to your stomach. Early esophageal cancer usually does not cause symptoms. Later, you may have symptoms such as:</p><ul> <li>Painful or difficult swallowing</li> <li>Weight loss</li> <li>A hoarse voice or cough that doesn't go away</li> </ul> <p>You're at greater risk for getting esophageal cancer if you smoke, drink heavily, or have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">acid reflux</a>. Your risk also goes up as you age</p> <p> Your doctor uses imaging tests and a biopsy to diagnose esophageal cancer. Treatments include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. You might also need <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionalsupport.html">nutritional support</a>, since the cancer or treatment may make it hard to swallow.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Digestive System Ear, Nose and Throat Cáncer de esófago Esophageal Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Esophagus Disorders Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here Society of Thoracic Surgeons Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society <p>The esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to the stomach. You may not be aware of your esophagus until you swallow something too large, too hot, or too cold. You may also notice it when something is wrong. You may feel pain or have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">trouble swallowing</a>.</p> <p>The most common problem with the esophagus is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">GERD</a> (gastroesophageal reflux disease). With GERD, a muscle at the end of your esophagus does not close properly. This allows stomach contents to leak back, or reflux, into the esophagus and irritate it. Over time, GERD can cause damage to the esophagus.</p> <p>Other problems include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html">heartburn</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html">cancer</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eosinophilicesophagitis.html">eosinophilic esophagitis</a>. Doctors may use various tests to make a diagnosis. These include imaging tests, an upper endoscopy, and a biopsy.</p> <p>Treatment depends on the problem. Some problems get better with over-the-counter medicines or changes in diet. Others may need prescription medicines or surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Ear, Nose and Throat Enfermedades del esófago Esophageal Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Eosinophilic Esophagitis Esophageal Cancer GERD Swallowing Disorders Achalasia Barrett's Esophagus Cardiospasm Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Society of Thoracic Surgeons Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Family Physicians Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Find an Expert Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Children National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH <p>La espina bífida es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html">defecto del tubo neural</a>, un tipo de defecto congénito del cerebro, la columna vertebral o de la médula espinal. Ocurre si la columna vertebral del feto no se cierra completamente durante el primer mes de embarazo. Esto puede dañar los nervios y la médula espinal. Pruebas de detección durante el embarazo pueden diagnosticar espina bífida. A veces se descubre sólo después del nacimiento del bebé. </p> <p>Los síntomas de la espina bífida varían de persona a persona. La mayoría de las personas con espina bífida poseen una inteligencia normal. Otras necesitan dispositivos de asistencia, como aparatos ortopédicos, muletas o sillas de ruedas. También pueden presentar dificultades de aprendizaje, problemas urinarios e intestinales o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hydrocephalus.html">hidrocefalia</a>, una acumulación de líquido en el cerebro. </p> <p>Se desconoce la causa exacta de la espina bífida, aunque parece presentarse en familias. Tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html">ácido fólico</a> puede reducir el riesgo de tener un bebé con espina bífida, y éste se encuentra en la mayoría de los suplementos multivitamínicos. Las mujeres que pueden quedar embarazadas deben tomarlo a diario. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Spina Bifida Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Defectos del tubo neural Malformaciones de Chiari Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación de Espina Bífida Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación de Espina Bífida PDF Más información Spanish/Español Asociación de Espina Bífida Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación de Espina Bífida PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Genética Asociación de Espina Bífida PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación de Espina Bífida PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación de Espina Bífida PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Espondilitis reumatoide <p>La espondilitis anquilosante es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">artritis</a> de la columna vertebral. Provoca hinchazón entre las vértebras, que son los discos que forman la columna vertebral, y las articulaciones entre la columna y la pelvis. En algunas personas puede afectar otras articulaciones.</p> <p>La espondilitis anquilosante es más común y más grave entre los hombres. Suele ser hereditaria. Se desconoce su causa, pero es probable que tanto genes y factores medioambientales jueguen un rol en su aparición.</p> <p>Los síntomas prematuros incluyen dolor y rigidez en la espalda. Estos problemas suelen empezar justo después de la adolescencia o al inicio de la adultez. Con el tiempo, la espondilitis anquilosante puede fusionar sus vértebras y limitar los movimientos. Algunas personas presentan síntomas que aparecen y desaparecen, mientras otras padecen dolor severo y constante. </p> <p>El diagnóstico se hace basado en su historia clínica y un examen físico. También pueden realizarse exámenes de imagen y de sangre.</p> <p>La enfermedad no tiene cura, pero las medicinas pueden aliviar los síntomas y evitar que empeore.</p> <p> Alimentarse con una dieta sana, no fumar y hacer ejercicio también puede ayudarle. En casos aislados, usted podría necesitar cirugía para enderezar la columna. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Sistema inmunitario Ankylosing Spondylitis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Artritis reumatoide Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer <p>La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad cerebral grave. Las personas que la padecen pueden escuchar voces que no están allí. Ellos pueden pensar que otras personas quieren hacerles daño. A veces no tiene sentido cuando hablan. Este trastorno hace que sea difícil para ellos mantener un trabajo o cuidar de sí mismos.</p> <p>Los síntomas de la esquizofrenia suelen comenzar entre los 16 y 30 años. Los hombres a menudo desarrollan síntomas a una edad más temprana que las mujeres. Por lo general no se desarrolla después de los 45 años. Hay tres tipos de síntomas:</p> <ul> <li> Síntomas psicóticos distorsionan el pensamiento de una persona. Estos incluyen alucinaciones (ver o escuchar cosas que no existen), delirios (creencias que no son ciertas), dificultad para organizar pensamientos y movimientos extraños </li> <li> Síntomas "negativos" hacen que sea difícil mostrar las emociones y tener una conducta normal. Una persona puede parecer deprimida y retraída. </li> <li> Síntomas cognitivos afectan el proceso de pensamiento. Estos incluyen problemas para usar información, la toma de decisiones, y prestar atención. </li> </ul> <p>No se conoce la causa de la esquizofrenia. Sus genes, el medio ambiente y la química del cerebro pueden tener un rol.</p> <p>No hay cura. Los medicamentos pueden ayudar a controlar muchos de los síntomas. Es posible que deba probar diferentes medicamentos para ver cuál funciona mejor. Deben permanecer en tratamiento durante el tiempo que su médico lo recomienda. Los tratamientos adicionales pueden ayudarle día a día a lidiar con la enfermedad. Estos incluyen la terapia, educación familiar, la rehabilitación y la capacitación profesional.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental </p> Salud mental y conducta Schizophrenia Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Nacional de Salud Mental Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Las estadísticas de salud son cifras que resumen la información relacionada con la salud. Investigadores y expertos de agencias y organizaciones de gobierno, privadas y sin fines de lucro recopilan estadísticas de salud y las utilizan para aprender sobre salud pública y atención médica. Algunos de los tipos de estadísticas incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Cuántas personas en el país tienen una enfermedad o cuántas personas la contrajeron en un determinado período de tiempo</li> <li>Cuántas personas de cierto grupo tienen una enfermedad. Los grupos pueden basarse en ubicación, raza, grupo étnico, sexo, edad, profesión, nivel de ingresos o nivel de educación. Esto puede ayudar a identificar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthdisparities.html">disparidades de la salud</a></li> <li>Si un tratamiento es seguro y efectivo</li> <li>Cuántas personas nacieron y murieron, las que se conocen como estadísticas vitales</li> <li>Cuántas personas tienen acceso y usan la atención médica</li> <li>La calidad y eficiencia de nuestro sistema de salud</li> <li>Costos de atención médica, incluyendo cuánto paga el gobierno, los empleadores y las personas por la atención médica. Puede incluir cómo la mala salud puede afectar económicamente al país</li> <li>El impacto de los programas y políticas gubernamentales en la salud</li> <li>Factores de riesgo para diferentes enfermedades. Por ejemplo, cómo la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html">contaminación del aire</a> puede aumentar el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">enfermedades pulmonares</a></li> <li>Formas de reducir el riesgo de enfermedades, como hacer ejercicio y perder peso para reducir el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a></li> </ul> <p>Los números en un gráfico o en un cuadro pueden parecer sencillos, pero no siempre es así. Es importante ser crítico y considerar la fuente. Si es necesario, haga preguntas que le ayuden a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/understandingmedicalresearch.html">comprender</a> las estadísticas y lo que están mostrando. </p> Sistemas de salud Health Statistics Comprendiendo la investigación médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización Mundial de la Salud Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización Mundial de la Salud Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos, Oficina de Salud de las Minorías <h3>¿Qué es el colesterol?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> es una sustancia cerosa parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su organismo. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para funcionar bien. Pero si tiene demasiado colesterol en su sangre, se puede pegar en las paredes de sus arterias, estrechándolas o incluso bloqueándolas. Esto lo pone en riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a> y otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a>.</p> <p>El colesterol se produce en su hígado. Viaja por la sangre en proteínas llamadas lipoproteínas. Un tipo de lipoproteína, colesterol de baja densidad, o LDL por su sigla en inglés, a veces es llamado colesterol "malo". Un nivel alto de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL</a> lleva a una acumulación de placa en las arterias. El colesterol de alta densidad, o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL</a> en inglés, en ocasiones se llama colesterol "bueno". Transporta el colesterol de otras partes del cuerpo de vuelta al hígado, donde se elimina.</p> <h3>¿Qué son las estatinas?</h3> <p>Las estatinas son un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html">medicamento para el colesterol</a>. Su profesional de la salud puede recetarlos si tiene el colesterol alto y los cambios en su estilo de vida no bajan lo suficiente su colesterol. Las estatinas son los medicamentos más comunes utilizados para tratar el colesterol alto.</p> <h3>¿Cómo bajan el colesterol las estatinas?</h3> <p>Las estatinas reducen el colesterol LDL al disminuir la cantidad de colesterol que produce el hígado. También aumentan la capacidad del hígado para eliminar el colesterol LDL que ya se encuentra en la sangre. Esto puede retardar la formación de placa en las arterias. Los estudios han demostrado que las estatinas reducen el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardíaco</a> y accidente cerebrovascular en personas con colesterol LDL alto.</p> <p>Las estatinas también pueden reducir su nivel de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html">triglicéridos</a>. Los triglicéridos son otro tipo de grasa en la sangre que puede aumentar el riesgo de enfermedad del corazón. Las estatinas también pueden aumentar el colesterol HDL.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los riesgos de tomar estatinas?</h3> <p>En general, las estatinas no causan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">efectos secundarios</a>, pero pueden aumentar el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>. Sin embargo, esto ocurre principalmente en personas que ya tienen un alto riesgo de diabetes, como aquellas que tienen sobrepeso u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html">síndrome metabólico</a>.</p> <p>Las estatinas también pueden causar resultados anormales en las pruebas de enzimas hepáticas, pero el daño real al hígado es muy raro. Otro efecto secundario poco común es daño muscular. En casos raros, este daño a los músculos puede causar dolor muscular y daño renal.</p> <p>No debe tomar estatinas si está <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazada</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html">amamantando</a>. Tampoco se recomiendan para personas que tienen ciertos tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">enfermedades del hígado</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo tomar estatinas de forma segura?</h3> <p>Para tomar estatinas de forma segura, usted debe:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Tomar su estatina según lo recetado</strong>: No debe dejar de tomar este medicamento por su cuenta, ya que esto puede provocar un problema grave o, en casos raros, incluso causar la muerte. Hable con su profesional de la salud si tiene preguntas sobre su estatina o si desea suspenderla o cambiarla a un tratamiento diferente</li> <li><strong>Pregúntele a su proveedor de atención médica qué otros medicamentos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html">suplementos</a> o alimentos debe evitar</strong>: Algunos de estos pueden interactuar con las estatinas y causar efectos secundarios graves o hacer que las estatinas sean menos efectivas. Por ejemplo, la toronja o pomelo (fresco o en jugo) afecta la forma en que el hígado descompone algunas estatinas</li> <li><strong>Informe a su proveedor sobre cualquier síntoma o efecto secundario que tenga</strong>: A veces, las personas informan problemas musculares mientras toman estatinas. Si comienza a tener dolor muscular, su proveedor puede solicitar pruebas de sangre para detectar daño muscular. El dolor puede desaparecer si cambia a una estatina diferente. El daño muscular causado por las estatinas es poco común y sus músculos pueden sanar cuando cambia a un medicamento diferente</li> </ul> <p class="">Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</p> Tratamiento con medicamentos Statins Colesterol Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Infografía Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>La columna protege la médula espinal y le permite mantenerse de pie e inclinarse. La estenosis espinal causa un estrechamiento en la columna. El estrechamiento ejerce presión sobre los nervios y la médula espinal y provoca dolor.</p> <p>La estenosis espinal ocurre principalmente en personas mayores de 50 años. Las personas más jóvenes con un traumatismo de columna o un canal vertebral estrecho también corren un mayor riesgo. Las enfermedades como la artritis y la escoliosis también pueden causar estenosis espinal. Los síntomas pueden aparecer gradualmente o no presentarse. Estos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor en el cuello o la espalda</li> <li>Entumecimiento, debilidad o dolor en los brazos o las piernas</li> <li>Dolor que baja por la pierna</li> <li>Problemas de los pies</li> </ul> <p>Los médicos diagnostican la estenosis espinal con un examen físico y pruebas de imagen. Los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos, fisioterapia, aparatos ortopédicos y cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Spinal Stenosis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Dolor de espalda Lesiones y enfermedades de la columna vertebral Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Estadounidense de la Columna Vertebral PDF Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Esteroides anabolizantes Esteroides anabólico-androgénicos <h3>¿Qué son los esteroides anabólicos?</h3> <p>Los esteroides anabólicos son versiones sintéticas (artificiales) de testosterona, la principal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormona</a> sexual en los hombres. Es necesaria para desarrollar y mantener las características sexuales masculinas, como el vello facial, la voz profunda y el crecimiento muscular. Las mujeres tienen algo de testosterona en sus cuerpos, pero en cantidades mucho menores.</p> <h3>¿Para qué se usan los esteroides anabólicos?</h3> <p>Los profesionales de la salud usan esteroides anabólicos para tratar algunos problemas hormonales en los hombres, retraso de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/puberty.html">pubertad</a> y pérdida muscular por algunas enfermedades. Pero algunas personas hacen un mal uso de los esteroides anabólicos.</p> <h3>¿Por qué algunas personas hacen un mal uso de los esteroides anabólicos?</h3> <p>Algunos físicoculturistas y atletas usan esteroides anabólicos para desarrollar músculos y mejorar el rendimiento deportivo. Pueden tomar los esteroides por vía oral, inyectarlos en los músculos o aplicar un gel o crema en la piel. Estas dosis pueden ser de 10 a 100 veces más altas que las utilizadas para tratar afecciones médicas. Usarlos de esta manera, sin una receta de un proveedor de atención médica, no es legal ni seguro.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos en la salud del uso indebido de los esteroides anabólicos?</h3> <p>El uso indebido de los esteroides anabólicos, especialmente durante un largo período de tiempo, se ha relacionado con muchos problemas de salud, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Acné</li> <li>Retraso en el crecimiento de adolescentes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial alta</a></li> <li>Cambios en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a></li> <li>Problemas del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">corazón</a>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardíaco</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">Enfermedades del hígado</a>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html">cáncer</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">Daño renal</a></li> <li>Comportamiento agresivo</li> </ul> <p>En los hombres, también puede causar:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html">Caída del cabello</a></li> <li>Crecimiento de los senos</li> <li>Bajo número de espermatozoides e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html">infertilidad</a></li> <li>Encogimiento de los testículos</li> </ul> <p>En las mujeres, también puede causar:</p> <ul> <li>Cambios en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">ciclo menstrual</a> (menstruación)</li> <li>Crecimiento del vello corporal y facial</li> <li>Calvicie de patrón masculino</li> <li>Voz grave</li> </ul> <h3>¿Son adictivos los esteroides anabólicos?</h3> <p>A pesar de que no causan un estado de euforia, los esteroides anabólicos pueden ser adictivos. Puede tener síntomas de abstinencia si deja de usarlos, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Agitación</li> <li>Pérdida del apetito</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html">Problemas para dormir</a></li> <li>Disminución del deseo sexual</li> <li>Compulsión por más esteroides</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a>, que a veces puede ser grave e incluso llevar a intentos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html">suicidio</a></li> </ul> <p>La terapia conductual y los medicamentos pueden ser útiles para tratar la adicción a los esteroides anabólicos.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Anabolic Steroids Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Video NIH Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Control de Drogas Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York PDF Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>Una ostomía es una abertura artificial (estoma) creada quirúrgicamente desde el cuerpo hacia afuera para permitir el paso de orina y heces. Se usa para tratar ciertas enfermedades de los sistemas digestivos o urinarios. Puede ser permanente como cuando se extirpa un órgano o temporario como cuando un órgano necesita sanar. En general, se realiza en el intestino delgado, el colon, el recto o la vejiga. </p> <p>Existen muchos tipos distintos de estomas. Algunos ejemplos son:</p><ul> <li> Ileostomía: la última parte del intestino delgado (ileum) se une al estoma evitando así el colon, recto y ano </li> <li> Colostomía: el colon es unido al estoma evitando así el recto y el ano </li> <li> Urostomía: los tubos que llevan la orina a la vejiga (uréteres) se unen al estoma evitando así la vejiga</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Riñones y sistema urinario Cirugía y rehabilitación Ostomy Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Ano contra natura Ostomía Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Constipación <p>Estreñimiento significa que una persona tiene tres o menos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html">evacuaciones</a> en una semana. Las heces pueden ser duras y secas. Algunas veces la evacuación es dolorosa. Todas las personas tienen estreñimiento alguna vez. La mayoría de los casos, dura poco tiempo y no es serio. </p> <p>Existen muchas cosas que puede hacer para prevenir el estreñimiento. Incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Comer más frutas, verduras y granos, que son ricos en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html">fibra</a> </li> <li> Beber abundante agua y otros líquidos </li> <li> Hacer suficiente ejercicio </li> <li> Tomarse el tiempo para evacuar cuando lo necesite </li> <li> Consumir laxantes solamente si el médico se los receta </li> <li> Preguntarle al médico si las medicinas que toma pueden causar el estreñimiento </li> </ul> <p>No es importante tener movimientos intestinales todos los días. Sin embargo, si observa cambios en sus hábitos intestinales consulte al médico.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Síntomas Constipation Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Fibra en la dieta Constipación Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Tensión emocional Tensión fisica <h3>¿Qué es estrés?</h3> <p>El estrés es la forma en que el cerebro y el cuerpo responden a un desafío o exigencia. Cuando está estresado, su cuerpo libera ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonas</a>. Las hormonas son sustancias químicas que se mueven por el torrente sanguíneo y controlan el funcionamiento de las diferentes partes del cuerpo. Las hormonas que se liberan cuando está estresado le ponen alerta y listo para actuar. Pueden aumentar la presión arterial, la frecuencia cardíaca y los niveles de <a href="../spanish/bloodglucose.html" tid="6122">glucosa (azúcar) en la sangre</a>. Esta respuesta a veces se conoce como respuesta de "lucha o huida".</p> <p>Todos se estresan de vez en cuando. Existen diferentes tipos de estrés. Puede ser a corto o largo plazo. Puede ser causado por algo que sucede una vez o algo que ocurre reiteradamente.</p> <p>No todo el estrés es malo. De hecho, puede ayudarle a sobrevivir en una situación peligrosa. Por ejemplo, un tipo de estrés es el susto que puede sentir cuando un automóvil se detiene repentinamente frente a usted cuando está manejando. Esta alza de hormonas le ayuda a detenerse rápidamente para evitar un accidente. En ocasiones, un poco de estrés a corto plazo puede resultar útil. Por ejemplo, el estrés de tener una fecha límite para la escuela o su trabajo puede empujarle a terminar su trabajo a tiempo. Una vez que lo termina, ese estrés desaparece.</p> <p>Pero el estrés que dura mucho tiempo puede dañar su salud.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el estrés a largo plazo?</h3> <p>El estrés a largo plazo, o estrés crónico, dura semanas, meses o más. A medida que vive su vida, su cuerpo actúa como si estuviera siendo amenazado.</p> <p>Las causas del estrés a largo plazo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Estrés de rutina</strong> debido a las demandas del trabajo, la escuela, las necesidades familiares, los problemas económicos y otras presiones diarias que no terminan</li> <li><strong>Estrés por cambios repentinos y difíciles en su vida</strong>, como divorcio, enfermedad, pérdida de su trabajo u otros acontecimientos poco felices que a menudo tienen un impacto prolongado</li> <li><strong>Estrés traumático</strong>, que puede ocurrir cuando está en peligro de sufrir un daño grave o la muerte. Los ejemplos incluyen estar involucrado en un accidente grave, una guerra, una inundación, un terremoto u otro evento aterrador. Este tipo de estrés puede causar un problema de larga duración llamado <a href="../spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" tid="2099">trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT)</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puede dañar mi salud el estrés a largo plazo?</h3> <p>Las personas responden al estrés de diferentes formas. Si está estresado durante mucho tiempo, puede notar que usted puede:</p> <ul> <li>Enfermarse con más frecuencia de lo habitual porque el estrés debilita la capacidad de su cuerpo para combatir los gérmenes</li> <li>Tener problemas de estómago o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indigestion.html">dificultad para digerir los alimentos</a></li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html">problemas para dormir</a></li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">dolores de cabeza</a></li> <li>Sentirse triste, enojado o molesto con facilidad</li> </ul> <p>Cuando el estrés continúa, su cuerpo actúa como si siempre estuviera en peligro. Esa es una gran cantidad de tensión que puede influir en el desarrollo de problemas de salud graves, que incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">Ansiedad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">Enfermedad del corazón</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial alta</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> </ul> <p>Es posible acostumbrarse a los síntomas del estrés y ni siquiera darse cuenta de que hay un problema. Por lo mismo, cuando hay mucho estrés en su vida, es importante que preste atención a cómo le afecta para que pueda hacer algo al respecto.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo manejar el estrés a largo plazo?</h3> <p>Algunas cosas sencillas que <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">mejoran su salud mental</a> pueden ser útiles para controlar el estrés a largo plazo, como:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">Hacer ejercicio con regularidad</a>:</strong> Una caminata diaria de 30 minutos puede ayudarle a sentirse mejor y a mantener fuerte su sistema inmunitario, para que no se enferme</li> <li><strong>Realizar actividades relajantes:</strong> Puede buscar una aplicación o un programa de bienestar que utilice ejercicios de respiración, meditación o relajación muscular</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Dormir lo suficiente</a> todas las noches</strong></li> <li><strong>Evitar demasiada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">cafeína</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Decidir qué debe hacer ahora y qué puede esperar:</strong> Céntrese en lo que hizo cada día, no en lo que no pudo hacer</li> <li><strong>Solicitar apoyo a su familia o amigos</strong></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuándo debo pedirle ayuda a mi profesional de la salud por estrés?</h3> <p>Obtenga ayuda si tiene síntomas graves durante 2 semanas o más, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas para dormir</li> <li>Cambios en su alimentación que provocan cambios no deseados en su peso</li> <li>Problemas para levantarse de la cama debido a su estado de ánimo</li> <li>Dificultad para enfocar sus pensamientos</li> <li>Pérdida de interés en las cosas que normalmente disfruta</li> <li>No poder realizar sus actividades diarias habituales</li> </ul> <p>Siempre busque ayuda de inmediato si el estrés está causando:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene pensamientos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html">suicidio</a></li> <li>Siente que no puede enfrentarlo</li> <li>Consume drogas o alcohol con más frecuencia de lo habitual</li> </ul> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede referirlo a un especialista en salud mental, como un psicólogo o un trabajador social.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental </p> Salud mental y conducta Stress Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Ansiedad Salud mental Trastorno de estrés postraumático Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Infografía Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Síntomas Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Ensayos clínicos <p>Los ensayos clínicos son estudios de investigación que prueban qué tan bien pueden aplicarse los descubrimientos médicos a los pacientes. Cada estudio responde preguntas científicas e intenta encontrar mejores formas de prevenir, examinar, diagnosticar o tratar una enfermedad. Los ensayos clínicos también pueden comparar un tratamiento nuevo con uno que ya se encuentra disponible. </p> <p>Cada ensayo clínico tiene un protocolo o plan de acción para llevarlo a cabo. El plan describe lo que se hará en el estudio, cómo se hará y por qué cada parte del estudio es necesaria. Cada estudio tiene sus propias reglas acerca de quién puede participar. Algunos necesitan voluntarios con una determinada enfermedad, otros necesitan personas sanas y otros solamente solicitan hombres o mujeres. </p> <p>Un Consejo Institucional de Revisión (Institutional Review Board, IRB) revisa, supervisa y aprueba muchos de los ensayos clínicos. El IRB es un comité independiente de médicos, estadistas y miembros de la comunidad. Su rol es:</p><ul> <li>Asegurar que el estudio es ético</li> <li>Proteger los derechos y el bienestar de los participantes</li> <li>Asegurar que los riesgos son razonables comparados con los beneficios potenciales</li> </ul> <p>En Estados Unidos, un estudio clínico tiene que tener un Consejo Institucional de Revisión si esta estudiando un medicamento, producto biológico o un equipo médico que la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA) regula o si esta financiado o llevado a cabo por el gobierno federal. </p> <p class="">NIH: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</p> Asuntos personales de salud Clinical Trials Comprendiendo la investigación médica Estudios clínicos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos PDF Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Video NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud PDF NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Video NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Etiquetas en los envases de alimentos <p>Todos los alimentos y bebidas en Estados Unidos cuentan con etiquetas informativas. Estas etiquetas con información nutricional pueden ayudarle a elegir alimentos más sanos y consumir una dieta saludable.</p> <p>Antes de leer la etiqueta informativa, usted debe saber algunas cosas:</p> <ul> <li> El <strong>tamaño de la porción</strong> se basa en la cantidad que las personas en general comen y toman de una vez </li> <li>Las <strong>porciones por envase</strong> señalan cuántas porciones tiene el envase. Algunas etiquetas entregan información sobre calorías y nutrientes tanto para el paquete entero como para cada porción. Usted debe tomar en cuenta el tamaño de la porción al decidir cuánto consumir. Por ejemplo, si una botella de jugo contiene dos porciones y usted se toma toda la botella, está consumiendo el doble de azúcar que se detalla en la etiqueta</li> <li>El <strong>% de valor diario</strong> es una cifra que le ayuda a entender cuánto nutriente contiene cada porción. Los expertos recomiendan que usted obtenga cierta cantidad de nutrientes todos los días. El valor diario señala el porcentaje que usted obtiene por cada porción que consuma de ese alimento. Con esto, usted puede saber si un producto es alto o bajo en nutrientes. 5% o menos es bajo, 20% o más es alto</li> </ul> <p>El contenido de una etiqueta de información nutricional puede ayudarle a ver cómo el alimento se inserta en su dieta general. La etiqueta entrega información por porción de:</p> <ul> <li>La cantidad de calorías</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">Grasas</a>, incluyendo total de grasa, grasa saturada y grasa trans</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">Colesterol</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">Sodio</a> (sal)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html">Carbohidratos</a>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html">fibra</a>, azúcares totales y azúcar añadida</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html">Proteínas</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">Vitaminas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">minerales</a></li> </ul> <p class="">Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos </p> Alimentos y nutrición Food Labeling Nutrición Nutrición del niño Seguridad con los alimentos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos PDF Infografía Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Personas mayores Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Defecación Evacuación fecal Ir de cuerpo Mover el vientre <p>La evacuación de las heces es el último paso de la comida en el camino por el tracto digestivo. Las heces salen del cuerpo a través del recto y del ano. Otro nombre para las heces es materia fecal o excremento. Las heces están hechas de lo que queda después de que el aparato digestivo (estómago, intestino delgado y colon) absorbe los nutrientes y líquidos de lo que usted comió y tomó. </p> <p>A veces, pueden surgir problemas en este proceso. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a> ocurre cuando las heces pasan por el intestino largo muy rápidamente. También se puede sufrir de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">estreñimiento</a>, que es cuando la materia fecal pasa a través del intestino muy lentamente. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelincontinence.html">incontinencia fecal</a> es un problema para controlar la evacuación de la materia fecal. Otras anormalidades con la evacuación de las heces pueden ser un signo de un problema digestivo. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Bowel Movement Diarrea Enfermedades del ano Estreñimiento Incontinencia fecal Caca, Hacer Deposiciones Heces, Evacuación Mover los intestinos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota PDF En inglés y español Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <h3>¿Por qué es necesario evaluar la información de salud?</h3> <p>La información de salud es fácil de encontrar. Pero encontrar información de salud confiable requiere un poco de esfuerzo. Parte de la información de salud que obtiene de periódicos, revistas, libros, televisión, internet y redes sociales está actualizada y es confiable. Pero otros no lo son. Por eso es importante evaluar la información de salud por sí mismo.</p> <p>Pero, ¿cómo puede distinguir lo bueno de lo malo? Hay dos pasos clave:</p> <ul> <li>Haga preguntas antes de confiar en lo que lee o escucha</li> <li>Converse sobre la información que encuentre con su profesional de la salud antes de confiar en ella. Es posible que haya encontrado buena información, pero su proveedor puede decirle si es bueno <em>para usted</em></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo evaluar la información de salud en internet?</h3> <p>Hacer algunas preguntas lo ayudará a decidir si puede confiar en un sitio web. Por lo general, puede encontrar la mayoría de las respuestas en la página "Acerca de nosotros" del sitio. Si no puede encontrar información sobre quién administra el sitio web, es posible que el sitio y la información de salud que provea no sea confiable. Algunas preguntas para hacer son:</p> <ul> <li><strong>¿Quién administra el sitio?</strong> ¿Puede confiar en ellos para entregar información equilibrada y precisa? Los sitios confiables brindan una forma de contactar a los responsables de la publicación con preguntas o comentarios <br/><br/> En general, encontrará buena información sobre salud en sitios web administrados por: <ul> <li>Agencias del Gobierno Federal</li> <li>Facultades de medicina</li> <li>Grandes organizaciones profesionales o sin fines de lucro. Por ejemplo, el Colegio Americano de Cardiología (una organización profesional) y la Asociación Americana del Corazón (una organización sin fines de lucro) son fuentes confiables de información sobre la salud del corazón</li> </ul> <br/> <ul> <li><strong>¿Cuál es el propósito del sitio?</strong> Es para:</li> <ul> <li>¿Informar al público?</li> <li>¿Vender productos o servicios?</li> <li>¿Promover las opiniones de una persona o grupo?</li> </ul> <br/> Un sitio web confiable tiene un objetivo: Brindarle buena información. <br/><br/> <li><strong>¿Quién paga por el sitio?</strong> <br/><br/> <ul> <li><strong>Si el sitio está financiado por anuncios</strong>, deben estar claramente marcados como anuncios. Tenga cuidado con los anuncios diseñados para parecer información de salud neutral</li> <li><strong>Si una empresa paga por el sitio</strong>, la información de salud puede favorecer a esa empresa y sus productos</li> </ul> <br/> </li><li><strong>¿La información de salud es de alta calidad?</strong> La buena información de salud no promueve un tratamiento sobre otro. Entrega datos equilibrados basados en la investigación. Por lo tanto, tenga cuidado con la redacción exagerada, las promesas de curas y las afirmaciones que suenan demasiado buenas para ser verdad. Esos podrían ser signos de una estafa de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthfraud.html">fraude de salud</a>. Para evaluar la calidad de la información de un sitio web, pregunte: <br/><br/> <ul> <li><strong> ¿Cómo se selecciona y revisa la información para asegurarse de que sea precisa?</strong> <br/> <ul> <li> Consulte la página "Acerca de nosotros" para ver si el sitio tiene:</li> <ul> <li>Un consejo editorial de expertos en salud</li> <li>Un proceso de revisión de contenido</li> <li>Una política de selección de contenidos</li> <li> Información sobre las calificaciones de sus redactores, que se pueden enumerar en la parte inferior de los artículos</li> </ul> <li><strong>¿De dónde proviene la información?</strong> Las páginas de contenido deben tener enlaces o referencias a las fuentes de información</li> <li><strong>¿La información está actualizada?</strong> Las páginas de contenido deben incluir las fechas en que se escribió, revisó o actualizó la información</li> </ul> <br/> </li></ul> </li><li><strong>¿Cómo utiliza el sitio web su información personal?</strong> Busque una sección de política de privacidad para ver cómo se utilizará su información personal. No comparta información sobre usted a menos que se sienta cómodo con los posibles riesgos</li> </ul> </li></ul> <p>Cuando encuentre un sitio web que parezca confiable, no se detenga allí. Busque si otros sitios confiables tienen información de salud similar.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo evaluar la información de salud en las redes sociales?</h3> <p>Una publicación en las redes sociales puede provenir de alguien que conoce, pero eso no garantiza que sea buena información. Muchas de las preguntas que se utilizan para evaluar un sitio web también funcionan para las redes sociales. Pregunte de dónde proviene la información, por qué existe y si alguien la financia.</p> <p>Si no está seguro que la información que ve en las redes sociales es confiable, no la comparta con otros.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo evaluar las historias de salud en las noticias?</h3> <p>Es posible que algunas noticias sobre investigaciones médicas no incluyan todos los datos que necesita saber. Haga estas preguntas:</p> <ul> <li>¿Dice la historia si la investigación involucró a personas o animales?</li> <li>Si se trataba de personas, ¿cuántas personas había en el estudio y quiénes eran?</li> <li>¿Cuánto duró el estudio?</li> <li>¿Qué tipo de estudio fue?</li> <li>¿Quién pagó por la investigación?</li> </ul> <p>Si conoce algunas sugerencias para comprender la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/understandingmedicalresearch.html">investigación médica</a>, podrá decidir si una noticia puede aplicarse a su salud. Luego puede discutir la información con su proveedor.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo evaluar la información de salud en los libros?</h3> <p>Para evaluar la información de salud en los libros, considere:</p> <ul> <li>¿Cuántos años tiene el libro?</li> <li>¿Es el autor un experto en el tema?</li> <li>¿El libro ofrece diferentes puntos de vista o solo los del autor?</li> <li>¿El libro ha sido revisado por otros expertos?</li> <li>¿El libro enumera las fuentes del contenido?</li> </ul> <p>Después de evaluar la información de salud, hable con su proveedor antes de usarla para tomar decisiones que puedan afectar su bienestar.</p> <p class="">NIH: Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</p> Bienestar y estilo de vida Asuntos personales de salud Evaluating Health Information Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de EE. UU. Comprendiendo la investigación médica Información sobre la salud, Evaluación Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comercio Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración General de Servicios de los EE.UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Exámenes para recién nacidos Pruebas de diagnóstico para recién nacidos <p>Las pruebas de evaluación del recién nacido se realizan antes de que el bebé abandone el hospital. Los bebés se examinan para identificar cuadros serios o que ponen la vida en riesgo antes del comienzo de los síntomas. Estas enfermedades suelen ser raras. Sin embargo, pueden afectar el desarrollo físico y mental normal de un bebé.</p> <p>La mayoría de las pruebas necesita sólo algunas gotas de sangre del talón del niño. Una prueba de capacidad del oído consiste en la colocación de un audífono diminuto dentro del oído del bebé para medir su respuesta a los sonidos.</p> <p>Si una de las pruebas sugiere un problema, el pediatra hará el seguimiento con otros estudios. Si los mismos confirman el problema, el médico puede referirlo a un especialista para su tratamiento. El cumplimiento del plan de tratamiento indicado por el médico puede salvaguardar al bebé contra los problemas de salud y desarrollo durante toda la vida. </p> Niños y adolescentes Genética y defectos congénitos Newborn Screening Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Bebés, Tests Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <h3>Why do I need to evaluate health information?</h3> <p>Health information is easy to find. But finding reliable health information takes a little effort. Some of the health information you get from newspapers, magazines, books, TV, the Internet, and social media is up to date and trustworthy. But some is not. That's why it's important to evaluate health information for yourself.</p> <p>But how can you tell the good from the bad? There are two key steps:</p> <ul> <li>Ask questions before you trust what you read or hear.</li> <li>Discuss the information you find with your health care provider before you rely on it. You may have found good information, but your provider can tell you whether it's good <em>for you</em>.</li> </ul> <h3>How can I evaluate health information on the Internet?</h3> <p>Asking a few questions will help you decide if you can trust a website. You can usually find most of the answers on the site's "About Us" page. If you can't find information about who runs the website, the site may not be trustworthy, and their health information may be unreliable. Some questions to ask are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Who runs the site?</strong> Can you trust them to provide balanced, accurate information? Trustworthy sites provide a way to contact the owners with questions or feedback. <br/><br/> In general, you'll find good health information on websites run by: <ul> <li>Federal government agencies.</li> <li>Medical schools.</li> <li>Large professional or nonprofit organizations. For example, the American College of Cardiology (a professional organization) and the American Heart Association (a nonprofit) and are both reliable sources of information on heart health.</li> </ul> <br/> </li> <li><strong>What's the purpose of the site?</strong> Is it to: <ul> <li>Inform the public?</li> <li>Sell products or services?</li> <li>Promote the opinions of a person or group?</li> </ul> <br/> A trustworthy website has one goal: To give you good information. <br/><br/> </li> <li><strong>Who pays for the site?</strong> <br/><br/> <ul> <li><strong>If the site is funded by ads,</strong> they should be clearly marked as advertisements. Watch out for ads designed to look like neutral health information. </li> <li><strong>If a business pays for the site,</strong> the health information may favor that business and its products.</li> </ul> <br/> </li> <li><strong>Is the health information high quality?</strong> Good health information doesn't promote one treatment over another. It gives you balanced facts based on research. So, beware of dramatic writing, promises of cures, and claims that sound too good to be true. Those could be signs of a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthfraud.html">health fraud scam</a>. To evaluate the quality of a website's information, ask: <br/><br/> <ul> <li><strong>How is the information selected and reviewed to make sure it's accurate?</strong> <br/> Check the "About Us" page to see if the site has: <ul> <li>An editorial board of health experts</li> <li>A content review process</li> <li>A selection policy for content</li> <li>Information about their writers' qualifications, which may be listed at the bottom of the articles</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Where does the information come from?</strong> The content pages should have links or references to the sources of the information.</li> <li><strong>Is the information up to date?</strong> Content pages should include dates when the information was written, reviewed, or updated.</li> </ul> <br/> </li> <li><strong>How does the website use your personal information?</strong> Look for a privacy policy section to see how your personal information will be used. Don't share information about yourself unless you're comfortable with any risks involved.</li> </ul> <p>When you find a website that seems to be trustworthy, don't stop there. Look to see if other reliable sites have similar health information.</p> <h3>How can I evaluate health information on social media?</h3> <p>A social media post may come from someone you know, but that doesn't guarantee it's good information. Many of the questions you use to evaluate a website also work for social media too. Ask where the information comes from, why it exists, and if anyone is funding it.</p> <p>If you're not sure whether the information you see on social media is trustworthy, don"t share it with others.</p> <h3>How can I evaluate health stories in the news?</h3> <p>Some news stories about medical research may not include all the facts you need to know. Ask these questions:</p> <ul> <li>Does the story say whether the research involved people or animals?</li> <li>If it was people, how many people were in the study and who were they?</li> <li>How long was the study?</li> <li>What type of study was it?</li> <li>Who paid for the research?</li> </ul> <p>If you learn a few tips for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/understandingmedicalresearch.html">understanding medical research</a>, you'll be able to decide if a news story may apply to your health. Then you can discuss the information with your provider.</p> <h3>How can I evaluate health information in books?</h3> <p>To evaluate health information in books, ask:</p> <ul> <li>How old is the book?</li> <li>Is the author an expert on the subject?</li> <li>Does the book offer different points of view or just those of the author?</li> <li>Has the book been reviewed by other experts?</li> <li>Does the book list the sources of the content?</li> </ul> <p>After you evaluate health information, talk with your provider before using it to make decisions that may affect your health.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Library of Medicine</p> Wellness and Lifestyle Personal Health Issues Evaluación de información sobre la salud Internet standards Spanish National Library of Medicine Understanding Medical Research Finding health sources I can trust Finding trustworthy information Identifying health misinformation Start Here Surgeon General PDF Specifics Harvard School of Public Health Start Here Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine NIH Interactive Tutorial Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Specifics Surgeon General PDF Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Specifics Surgeon General PDF <p>Regular exercise is one of the best things you can do for your health. It has many <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html">benefits</a>, including improving your overall health and fitness, and reducing your risk for many chronic diseases. There are many different types of exercise; it is important that you pick the right types for you. Most people benefit from a combination of them:</p><ul> <li><strong>Endurance, or aerobic,</strong> activities increase your breathing and heart rate. They keep your heart, lungs, and circulatory system healthy and improve your overall fitness. Examples include brisk walking, jogging, swimming, and biking.</li> <li><strong>Strength, or resistance training,</strong> exercises make your muscles stronger. Some examples are lifting weights and using a resistance band.</li> <li><strong>Balance</strong> exercises can make it easier to walk on uneven surfaces and help prevent falls. To improve your balance, try tai chi or exercises like standing on one leg.</li> <li><strong>Flexibility</strong> exercises stretch your muscles and can help your body stay limber. Yoga and doing various stretches can make you more flexible.</li> </ul> <p>Fitting regular exercise into your daily schedule may seem difficult at first. But you can start slowly, and break your exercise time into chunks. Even doing ten minutes at a time is fine. You can work your way up to doing the recommended amount of exercise. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">How much exercise you need</a> depends on your age and health.</p> <p>Other things that you can do to make the most of your workouts include:</p><ul> <li>Choosing activities that work all the different parts of the body, including your core (muscles around your back, abdomen, and pelvis). Good core strength improves balance and stability and helps to prevent lower back injury.</li> <li>Choosing activities that you enjoy. It's easier to make exercise a regular part of your life if you have fun doing it.</li> <li>Exercising <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html">safely</a>, with proper equipment, to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">injuries</a>. Also, listen to your body and don't overdo it.</li> <li>Giving yourself goals. The goals should challenge you, but also be realistic. It's also helpful to reward yourself when you reach your goals. The rewards could be something big, like new workout gear, or something smaller, such as movie tickets.</li> </ul> Wellness and Lifestyle Fitness and Exercise Ejercicio y estado físico Exercise Physical Fitness Spanish Benefits of Exercise Exercise for Children Exercise for Older Adults Health Risks of an Inactive Lifestyle How Much Exercise Do I Need? Sports Fitness Fitness Physical Fitness Weight Training NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Videos and Tutorials Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Video Health Check Tools American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Women Boston Children's Hospital Start Here Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Health Check Tools Department of Agriculture Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Department of Health and Human Services PDF Find an Expert Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Journal Articles NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Health Check Tools American Cancer Society Related Issues American Heart Association Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Videos and Tutorials Nemours Foundation Video Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Like adults, kids need exercise. Most children <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">need at least an hour of physical activity</a> every day. Regular exercise has many <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html">benefits</a> for children. It can help them:</p><ul> <li>Feel less stressed</li> <li>Feel better about themselves</li> <li>Feel more ready to learn in school</li> <li>Keep a healthy weight</li> <li>Build and keep healthy bones, muscles and joints</li> <li>Sleep better at night</li> </ul> <p>As kids spend more time watching TV, they spend less time running and playing. Parents should limit TV, video game and computer time. Parents can set a good example by being active themselves. Exercising together can be fun for everyone. Competitive sports can help kids stay fit. Walking or biking to school, dancing, bowling and yoga are some other ways for kids to get exercise.</p> Children and Teenagers Wellness and Lifestyle Fitness and Exercise Ejercicio para niños Youth Sports Exercise Spanish Benefits of Exercise Exercise and Physical Fitness Sports Fitness Fitness Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Children Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Start Here American Heart Association Start Here Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Department of Health and Human Services PDF Find an Expert Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Journal Articles Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Girls Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Seniors' fitness <p>Exercise and physical activity are good for just about everyone, including older adults. There are four main types and each type is different. Doing them all will give you more <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html">benefits</a>.:</p><ul> <li>Endurance, or aerobic, activities increase your breathing and heart rate. Brisk walking or jogging, dancing, swimming, and biking are examples.</li> <li>Strength exercises make your muscles stronger. Lifting weights or using a resistance band can build strength.</li> <li>Balance exercises help prevent falls</li> <li>Flexibility exercises stretch your muscles and can help your body stay limber</li> </ul> <p>If you have not been active, you can start slowly and work up to your goal. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">How much exercise you need</a> depends on your age and health. Check with your health care provider on what is right for you.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Older Adults Wellness and Lifestyle Fitness and Exercise Ejercicio para personas mayores Exercise Spanish National Institute on Aging Exercise and Physical Fitness Older Adult Health Sports Fitness Fitness Seniors' Fitness NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert American Heart Association Videos and Tutorials National Institute on Aging Video NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Administration for Community Living Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging PDF NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Videos and Tutorials Department of Agriculture Video Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Institute on Aging PDF NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Videos and Tutorials National Institute on Aging Video NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Videos and Tutorials National Institute on Aging Video NIH Videos and Tutorials National Institute on Aging Video NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Health Check Tools American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH <h3>¿Qué es la radiación?</h3> <p>La radiación es energía que viaja en forma de ondas o partículas de alta velocidad. Puede ocurrir naturalmente o ser creada por el hombre. Existen dos tipos:</p> <ul> <li><b>Radiación no ionizante:</b> Incluye ondas de radio, teléfonos celulares, microondas, radiación infrarroja y luz visible</li> <li><b>Radiación ionizante:</b> Incluye radiación ultravioleta, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html">radón</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">rayos X</a> y rayos gamma</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son las fuentes de la exposición a la radiación?</h3> <p>La radiación natural nos rodea todo el tiempo. La mayoría proviene naturalmente de los minerales. Estos se encuentran en la tierra, suelo, agua o incluso nuestros cuerpos. Esta radiactividad natural también proviene del espacio exterior y el sol. Otras fuentes son creadas por el hombre, como los rayos X, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia para tratar el cáncer</a> o las líneas eléctricas.</p> <h3>¿Qué efectos en la salud tiene la exposición a la radiación?</h3> <p>La radiación ha estado a nuestro alrededor a lo largo de nuestra evolución. Por ello, nuestros cuerpos se han adaptado para lidiar con los niveles bajos a los que estamos expuestos todos los días. Pero demasiada radiación puede dañar los tejidos al cambiar la estructura celular y dañar el ADN. Esto puede causar serios problemas de salud, incluyendo el cáncer.</p> <p>La cantidad de daño que cause la exposición a la radiación depende de varios factores, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>El tipo de radiación</li> <li>La dosis (cantidad) de radiación </li> <li>Cómo estuvo usted expuesto, como a través del contacto de la piel, tragarla o respirarla, o a través de rayos que pasaron por su cuerpo</li> <li>Dónde se concentró la radiación en su cuerpo y cuánto tiempo estuvo expuesto</li> <li>Qué tan sensible es su cuerpo a la radiación. Un feto es el más vulnerable a los efectos de la radiación. Los bebés, niños, las personas mayores, mujeres embarazadas y problemas con problemas del sistema inmunitario son más vulnerables que los adultos sanos</li> </ul> <p>Estar expuesto a una gran cantidad de radiación durante un corto período de tiempo, como durante una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationemergencies.html">emergencias causadas por la radiación</a>, puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html">quemaduras</a> en la piel. También puede conducir al síndrome de radiación aguda o "enfermedad por radiación". Los síntomas incluyen dolor de cabeza y diarrea. Por lo general, comienzan dentro de unas horas. Esos síntomas desaparecerán y la persona parecerá saludable por un tiempo. Pero luego se enfermará de nuevo. La rapidez con la que se vuelven a enfermar, sus síntomas y la intensidad de la enfermedad depende de la cantidad de radiación a la que estuvieron expuestos. En algunos casos, este síndrome causa la muerte en los siguientes días o semanas.</p> <p>La exposición a niveles bajos de radiación en el ambiente no causa efectos inmediatos en la salud, pero puede aumentar levemente su riesgo general de cáncer.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la enfermedad por radiación aguda?</h3> <p>Antes de que comenzar el tratamiento, los profesionales de la salud deben saber cuánta radiación absorbió su cuerpo. Le preguntarán sobre sus síntomas, le realizarán análisis de sangre y pueden usar un dispositivo para medir la radiación. También obtendrán más información sobre la exposición, como el tipo de radiación, qué tan lejos estaba de la fuente y cuánto tiempo estuvo expuesto.</p> <p>El tratamiento se enfoca en reducir y tratar infecciones, prevenir la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratación</a> y tratar lesiones y quemaduras. Algunas personas pueden necesitar tratamientos que ayuden a recuperar la función de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html">médula ósea</a>. Si estuvo expuesto a ciertos tipos de radiación, su proveedor puede darle un tratamiento que limite o elimine la contaminación de su cuerpo. También puede recibir tratamientos para sus síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se puede prevenir la exposición a la radiación?</h3> <p>Existen cosas que puede tomar para prevenir o reducir la exposición a la radiación:</p> <ul> <li>Si su proveedor de atención médica recomienda una prueba que usa radiación, pregunte sobre sus riesgos y beneficios. En algunos casos, es posible que pueda realizarse una prueba diferente que no usa radiación. Pero si necesita una prueba que use radiación, investigue un poco sobre las instalaciones de pruebas de imágenes donde usted vive. Encuentre uno que monitoree y use técnicas para reducir las dosis que entregan a los pacientes</li> <li>Reduzca la exposición a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/electromagneticfields.html">radiación electromagnética</a> de su teléfono celular. En la actualidad, la evidencia científica no ha encontrado un vínculo entre el uso de teléfonos celulares y problemas de salud en los seres humanos. Se necesita más investigación para estar seguro. Pero si aún tiene inquietudes, puede reducir la cantidad de tiempo que usa su teléfono. También puede usar el modo de altavoz (speaker) o un manos libres para colocar más distancia entre usted y su celular</li> <li>Si vive en una casa, mida los niveles de gas radón y, si es necesario, obtenga un sistema de reducción de radón</li> <li>Durante una emergencia de radiación, entre en un edificio para refugiarse. Manténgase bajo techo con todas las ventanas y puertas cerradas. Esté atento y siga las instrucciones de los servicios y funcionarios de emergencia </li> </ul> Lesiones y heridas Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Radiation Exposure Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Campos electromagnéticos Emergencias causadas por la radiación Exposición al sol Radioterapia Radón Radiación, Exposición a Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de la Tiroides PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades Exposición solar Tomar sol <p>Los rayos ultravioleta (UV) son una forma invisible de radiación. Pueden penetrar la piel y dañar las células. Las quemaduras de sol son un signo de daño en la piel. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tanning.html">bronceado</a> tampoco es saludable. Aparece después que los rayos del sol ya mataron algunas células y dañaron otras. Los rayos UV pueden causar lesiones en la piel durante cualquier estación del año y a cualquier temperatura. También pueden causar problemas en los ojos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinaging.html">arrugas</a>, manchas en la piel y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html">cáncer de piel</a>.</p> <p>Para protegerse:</p><ul> <li> Manténgase alejado del sol cuando sus rayos son más fuertes (entre las 10 a.m. y las 2 p.m.) </li> <li> Use protector solar con un SPF de 15 o más</li> <li> Utilice ropa protectora </li> <li> Use anteojos de sol con buena cobertura que le brinden 100% de protección contra los rayos UV </li> <li> Evite las lámparas solares y las camas para broncearse </li> </ul> <p>Revise su piel con regularidad para detectar cambios en el tamaño, la forma, el color o la textura de sus marcas de nacimiento, lunares y manchas. Esos cambios pueden ser un signo de cáncer en la piel.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Piel, cabello y uñas Sun Exposure Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de piel Enfermedades causadas por el calor Melanoma Broncearse Quemadura del sol Rayos ultravioleta Sol, Exposición al Sol, Quemadura Spanish/Español Especialistas Agencia de Protección Ambiental Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Fácil de leer Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional PDF NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Exámenes diagnósticos <p>Durante el chequeo médico se realizan exámenes que pueden ayudar a encontrar una enfermedad antes de que comiencen los síntomas. Estas pruebas pueden ayudar a descubrir enfermedades o afecciones anticipadamente, cuando son más fáciles de tratar. Algunos exámenes se realizan en el consultorio del doctor. Otros, necesitan equipos especiales, entonces es posible que tenga que dirigirse a una oficina diferente o a una clínica. </p> <p>Entre los cuadros que los médicos buscan comúnmente se incluyen:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html">Cáncer de seno</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html">cáncer de cuello uterino</a> en mujeres</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html">Cáncer colorrectal</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial alta</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">Colesterol elevado</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">Osteoporosis</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a> y sobrepeso</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancerscreening.html">Cáncer de próstata</a> en los hombres</li> </ul> <p>Las pruebas que usted necesite dependerán de la edad, el sexo, los antecedentes familiares y si tiene factores de riesgo para algunas enfermedades. Luego de que le realicen las pruebas, pregunte cuándo obtendrá los resultados y con quién debería hablar sobre ellos. </p> <p class=""> Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica </p> Bienestar y estilo de vida Health Screening Chequeo médico Pruebas de laboratorio Vivir saludablemente Diagnóstico Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Fácil de leer Hombres Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Personas mayores Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Spanish/Español Mujeres Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Mujeres Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Personas mayores Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Genética Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH <p>Cancer of the eye is uncommon. It can affect the outer parts of the eye, such as the eyelid, which are made up of muscles, skin and nerves. If the cancer starts inside the eyeball it's called intraocular cancer. The most common intraocular cancers in adults are melanoma and lymphoma. The most common eye cancer in children is retinoblastoma, which starts in the cells of the retina. Cancer can also spread to the eye from other parts of the body.</p> <p>Treatment for eye cancer varies by the type and by how advanced it is. It may include surgery, radiation therapy, freezing or heat therapy, or laser therapy. </p> Cancers Eyes and Vision Cáncer de ojo Eye Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Eye Diseases Eyelid Disorders Intraocular Melanoma Retinoblastoma Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Foundation for the Blind Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Symptoms American Academy of Ophthalmology Images Merck & Co., Inc. Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Related Issues American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Eye Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Start Here American Cancer Society Children American Academy of Ophthalmology Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Eye health Eye safety <p>Your eyes are an important part of your health. Most people rely on their eyes to see and make sense of the world around them. But some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html">eye diseases</a> can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">vision loss</a>, so it is important to identify and treat eye diseases as early as possible. You should get your eyes checked as often as your health care provider recommends it, or if you have any new vision problems. And just as it is important to keep your body healthy, you also need to keep your eyes healthy.</p> <h3>Eye Care Tips</h3> <p>There are things you can do to help keep your eyes healthy and make sure you are seeing your best:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Eat a healthy, balanced diet.</strong> Your diet should include plenty or fruits and vegetables, especially deep yellow and green leafy vegetables. Eating fish high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, tuna, and halibut can also help your eyes.</li> <li><strong>Maintain a healthy weight.</strong> Being overweight or having obesity increases your risk of developing diabetes. Having diabetes puts you at higher risk of getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html">diabetic retinopathy</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html">glaucoma</a>.</li> <li><strong>Get regular exercise.</strong> Exercise may help to prevent or control diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. These diseases can lead to some eye or vision problems. So if you exercise regularly, you can lower your risk of getting these eye and vision problems.</li> <li><strong>Wear sunglasses.</strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">Sun exposure</a> can damage your eyes and raise your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html">cataracts</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html">age-related macular degeneration</a>. Protect your eyes by using sunglasses that block out 99 to 100% of both UV-A and UV-B radiation.</li> <li><strong>Wear protective eye wear.</strong> To prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinjuries.html">eye injuries</a>, you need eye protection when playing certain sports, working in jobs such as factory work and construction, and doing repairs or projects in your home.</li> <li><strong>Avoid smoking.</strong> Smoking increases the risk of developing age-related eye diseases such as macular degeneration and cataracts and can damage the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opticnervedisorders.html">optic nerve</a>.</li> <li><strong>Know your family medical history.</strong> Some eye diseases are inherited, so it is important to find out whether anyone in your family has had them. This can help you determine if you are at higher risk of developing an eye disease.</li> <li><strong>Know your other risk factors.</strong> As you get older, you are at higher risk of developing age-related eye diseases and conditions. It is important to know your risk factors because you may be able to lower your risk by changing some behaviors.</li> <li><strong>If you wear contacts, take steps to prevent eye infections.</strong> Wash your hands well before you put in or take out your contact lenses. Also follow the instructions on how to properly clean them, and replace them when needed.</li> <li><strong>Give your eyes a rest.</strong> If you spend a lot of time using a computer, you can forget to blink your eyes and your eyes can get tired. To reduce eyestrain, try the 20-20-20 rule: Every 20 minutes, look away about 20 feet in front of you for 20 seconds.</li> </ul> <h3>Eye Tests and Exams</h3> <p>Everyone needs to have their eyesight tested to check for vision and eye problems. Children usually have vision screening in school or at their health care provider's office during a checkup. Adults may also get vision screenings during their checkups. But many adults need more than a vision screening. They need a comprehensive dilated eye exam.</p> <p>Getting comprehensive dilated eye exams is especially important because some eye diseases may not have warning signs. The exams are the only way to detect these diseases in their early stages, when they are easier to treat.</p> <p>The exam includes several tests:</p> <ul> <li>A visual field test to measure your side (peripheral) vision. A loss of peripheral vision may be a sign of glaucoma.</li> <li>A visual acuity test, where you read an eye chart about 20 feet away, to check on how well you see at various distances</li> <li>Tonometry, which measures your eye's interior pressure. It helps to detect glaucoma.</li> <li>Dilation, which involves getting eye drops that dilate (widen) your pupils. This allows more light to enter the eye. Your eye care provider examines your eyes using a special magnifying lens. This provides a clear view of important tissues at the back of your eye, including the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldisorders.html">retina</a>, macula, and optic nerve.</li> </ul> <p>If you have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html">refractive error</a> and are going to need <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyewear.html">glasses or contacts</a>, then you will also have a refraction test. When you have this test, you look through a device that has lenses of different strengths to help your eye care professional figure out which lenses will give you the clearest vision.</p> <p>At what age you should start getting these exams and how often you need them depends on many factors. They include your age, race, and overall health. For example, if you are African American, you are at higher risk of glaucoma and you need to start getting the exams earlier. If you have diabetes, you should get an exam every year. Check with your health care provider about if and when you need these exams.</p> Eyes and Vision Cuidado de los ojos y la visión Eye Spanish National Eye Institute Eye Diseases Eye Infections Eye Injuries Eye Wear Children National Eye Institute Video NIH Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Ophthalmology Related Issues American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Ophthalmology Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology Prevention and Risk Factors National Farm Medicine Center PDF Start Here Prevent Blindness America Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Children National Eye Institute NIH Related Issues Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Diagnosis and Tests National Eye Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Ophthalmology Diagnosis and Tests Prevent Blindness America Start Here Prevent Blindness America Children National Eye Institute NIH Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Children National Eye Institute NIH Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Ophthalmology Children National Eye Institute NIH Related Issues National Eye Institute PDF NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Prevent Blindness America Children National Eye Institute Video NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Older Adults National Institutes of Health NIH <p>Some eye problems are minor and don't last long. But some can lead to a permanent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">loss of vision</a>.</p> <p>Common eye problems include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refractiveerrors.html">Refractive errors</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html">Cataracts</a> - clouded lenses</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opticnervedisorders.html">Optic nerve disorders</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html">glaucoma</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldisorders.html">Retinal disorders</a> - problems with the nerve layer at the back of the eye</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html">Macular degeneration</a> - a disease that destroys sharp, central vision</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html">Diabetic eye problems</a></li> <li>Conjunctivitis - an infection also known as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html">pink eye</a></li> </ul> <p>Your best defense is to have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html">regular checkups</a>, because eye diseases do not always have symptoms. Early detection and treatment could prevent vision loss. See an eye care professional right away if you have a sudden change in vision, if everything looks dim, or if you see flashes of light. Other symptoms that need quick attention are pain, double vision, fluid coming from the eye, and inflammation.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Eye Institute </p> Eyes and Vision Enfermedades de los ojos Eye Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Eye Institute Amblyopia Cataract Color Blindness Corneal Disorders Diabetic Eye Problems Eye Cancer Eye Care Eye Infections Eye Injuries Eye Movement Disorders Eye Wear Eyelid Disorders Glaucoma Macular Degeneration Optic Nerve Disorders Pink Eye Refractive Errors Retinal Detachment Retinal Disorders Tears Vision Impairment and Blindness Ophthalmology Pinguecula Related Issues American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children National Eye Institute Video NIH Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Foundation for the Blind Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Children National Eye Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Foundation Fighting Blindness Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Academy of Ophthalmology Treatments and Therapies American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images National Eye Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Ophthalmology Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms American Academy of Ophthalmology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Related Issues American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Images VisualDX Related Issues Prevent Blindness America Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Ophthalmology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics American Academy of Ophthalmology Diagnosis and Tests National Eye Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Ophthalmology Diagnosis and Tests Prevent Blindness America Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Related Issues American Academy of Ophthalmology Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Treatments and Therapies American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Related Issues Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Related Issues American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Academy of Ophthalmology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Older Adults National Eye Institute PDF NIH Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Academy of Ophthalmology Children Nemours Foundation <p>Your eyes can get infections from bacteria, fungi, or viruses. Eye infections can occur in different parts of the eye and can affect just one eye or both. Two common eye infections are:</p><ul> <li> Conjunctivitis - also known as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html">pink eye</a>. Conjunctivitis is often due to an infection. Children frequently get it, and it is very contagious. </li> <li>Stye - a bump on the eyelid that happens when bacteria from your skin get into the hair follicle of an eyelash.</li> </ul> <p>Symptoms of eye infections may include redness, itching, swelling, discharge, pain, or problems with vision. Treatment depends on the cause of the infection and may include compresses, eye drops, creams, or antibiotics.</p> Eyes and Vision Infecciones de los ojos Eye Infections Spanish National Eye Institute Eye Diseases Pink Eye Children National Eye Institute Video NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Optometric Association Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues American Academy of Ophthalmology Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Women American Academy of Ophthalmology Treatments and Therapies American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Treatments and Therapies American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Related Issues Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Teenagers American Academy of Ophthalmology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology <p>The structure of your face helps protect your eyes from injury. Still, injuries can damage your eye, sometimes severely enough that you could lose your vision. Most eye injuries are preventable. If you play sports or work in certain jobs, you may need protection.</p> <p>The most common type of injury happens when something irritates the outer surface of your eye. Certain jobs such as industrial jobs or hobbies such as carpentry make this type of injury more likely. It's also more likely if you wear contact lenses.</p> <p>Chemicals or heat can burn your eyes. With chemicals, the pain may cause you to close your eyes. This traps the irritant next to the eye and may cause more damage. You should wash out your eye right away while you wait for medical help.</p> Eyes and Vision Injuries and Wounds Lesiones del ojo Eye Injuries Spanish National Eye Institute Retinal Detachment Protective Eye Wear Children National Eye Institute Video NIH Find an Expert American Optometric Association Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Images VisualDX Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Children Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Video Treatments and Therapies American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Start Here American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Ophthalmology Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Symptoms American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Children Nemours Foundation Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Teenagers American Academy of Ophthalmology Video Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Children Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Ophthalmology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Eye Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology <p>When you look at an object, you're using several muscles to move both eyes to focus on it. If you have a problem with the muscles, the eyes don't work properly.</p> <p>There are many kinds of eye movement disorders. Two common ones are:</p><ul> <li>Strabismus - a disorder in which the two eyes don't line up in the same direction. This results in "crossed eyes" or "walleye."</li> <li>Nystagmus - fast, uncontrollable movements of the eyes, sometimes called "dancing eyes"</li> </ul> <p>Some eye movement disorders are present at birth. Others develop over time and may be associated with other problems, such as injuries. Treatments include glasses, patches, eye muscle exercises, and surgery. There is no cure for some kinds of eye movement disorders, such as most kinds of nystagmus.</p> Eyes and Vision Trastornos de movimiento del ojo Ocular Motility Disorders Spanish National Eye Institute Crossed Eyes Nystagmus Squint Strabismus Walleye Related Issues American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Adults American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Reference Desk American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Treatments and Therapies American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Treatments and Therapies American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Treatments and Therapies American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Contact lenses Eyeglasses <p>Eye wear protects or corrects your vision. Examples are:</p><ul> <li>Sunglasses</li> <li>Safety goggles</li> <li>Glasses (also called eyeglasses)</li> <li>Contact lenses</li> </ul> <p>If you need corrective lenses, you may be able to choose between contacts or glasses. Either usually requires a prescription. Almost anyone can wear glasses. Contact lenses require more careful handling. </p> <p>Many jobs and some sports carry a risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinjuries.html">eye injury</a>. Thousands of children and adults get eye injuries every year. Most are preventable with proper eye protection. Everyone is at risk for eye damage from the sun year-round. It's important to regularly use sunglasses that block out at least 99% of UV rays.</p> Eyes and Vision Anteojos, lentes de contacto y protección ocular Contact Lenses Eyeglasses Spanish National Eye Institute Refractive Errors Contact Lenses Eyeglasses Glasses Protective Eye Wear Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert American Optometric Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert American Optometric Association Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Specifics Food and Drug Administration Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Children National Eye Institute NIH Journal Articles Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Specifics Food and Drug Administration Video Specifics Food and Drug Administration Children Food and Drug Administration Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology <p>Your eyelids help protect your eyes. When you blink, your eyelids spread moisture over your eyes. Blinking also helps move dirt or other particles off the surface of the eye. You close your eyelids when you see something coming toward your eyes. This can help protect against injuries.</p> <p>Like most other parts of your body, your eyelids can get infected, inflamed, or even develop cancer. There are also specific eyelid problems, including:</p><ul> <li>Eyelids that turn in or out</li> <li>Eyelids that droop</li> <li>Abnormal blinking or twitching</li> </ul> <p>Treatment of eyelid problems depends on the cause.</p> Eyes and Vision Enfermedades de los párpados Eyelid Diseases Spanish National Eye Institute Eye Diseases Blepharospasm Chalazion Ptosis Stye Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Symptoms American Academy of Ophthalmology Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Images VisualDX Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Images VisualDX <p>Face injuries and disorders can cause pain and affect how you look. In severe cases, they can affect sight, speech, breathing and your ability to swallow. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">Fractures</a> (broken bones), especially in the bones of your nose, cheekbone and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jawinjuriesanddisorders.html">jaw</a>, are common facial injuries.</p> <p>Certain diseases also lead to facial disorders. For example, nerve diseases like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/trigeminalneuralgia.html">trigeminal neuralgia</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bellspalsy.html">Bell's palsy </a>sometimes cause facial pain, spasms and trouble with eye or facial movement. Birth defects can also affect the face. They can cause underdeveloped or unusually prominent facial features or a lack of facial expression. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html">Cleft lip and palate</a> are a common facial birth defect.</p> Brain and Nerves Ear, Nose and Throat Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades de la cara Craniofacial Abnormalities Facial Injuries Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Bell's Palsy Cleft Lip and Palate Craniofacial Abnormalities Nose Injuries and Disorders Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Trigeminal Neuralgia Craniofacial Injuries Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Health Check Tools American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Treatments and Therapies American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons PDF Syncope <p>Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness. If you're about to faint, you'll feel dizzy, lightheaded, or nauseous. Your field of vision may "white out" or "black out." Your skin may be cold and clammy. You lose muscle control at the same time, and may fall down.</p> <p>Fainting usually happens when your blood pressure <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html">drops</a> suddenly, causing a decrease in blood flow to your brain. It is more common in older people. Some causes of fainting include:</p><ul> <li>Heat or dehydration </li> <li>Emotional distress </li> <li>Standing up too quickly </li> <li>Certain medicines </li> <li>Drop in blood sugar </li> <li>Heart problems </li> </ul> <p>When someone faints, make sure that the airway is clear and check for breathing. The person should stay lying down for 10-15 minutes. Most people recover completely. Fainting is usually nothing to worry about, but it can sometimes be a sign of a serious problem. If you faint, it's important to see your health care provider and find out why it happened. </p> Brain and Nerves Symptoms Desmayo Syncope Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Autonomic Nervous System Disorders Low Blood Pressure Syncope Vasovagal Syncope Find an Expert American Heart Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Related Issues Heart Rhythm Society Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Heart Rhythm Society Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research ICC Insuficiencia cardíaca Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva <h3>¿Qué es la insuficiencia cardíaca?</h3> <p>La insuficiencia cardíaca (o fallo cardiaco) significa que el corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno para satisfacer las necesidades de su cuerpo. La insuficiencia cardíaca no significa que su corazón se haya detenido o esté a punto de dejar de latir. Pero sin suficiente flujo de sangre, es posible que sus órganos no funcionen bien, lo que puede causar problemas graves.</p> <p>La insuficiencia cardíaca puede afectar uno o ambos lados de su corazón:</p> <ul> <li><strong>En la insuficiencia cardíaca del lado derecho</strong>, su corazón es demasiado débil para bombear suficiente sangre a sus pulmones para obtener oxígeno</li> <li><strong>En la insuficiencia cardíaca del lado izquierdo</strong>, su corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno hacia su cuerpo. Esto sucede cuando el lado izquierdo de su corazón se vuelve: <ul> <li>Demasiado débil para bombear sangre suficiente</li> <li>Demasiado grueso o rígido para relajarse y llenarse con suficiente sangre</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>La insuficiencia cardíaca del lado izquierdo es más común que la del lado derecho.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la insuficiencia cardíaca?</h3> <p>La insuficiencia cardíaca puede comenzar repentinamente después de que una afección médica o una lesión dañan el músculo cardíaco. Pero en la mayoría de los casos, la insuficiencia cardíaca se desarrolla lentamente a partir de afecciones médicas de larga duración.</p> <p>Las afecciones que pueden causar insuficiencia cardíaca incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Arritmia</a> (problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiomyopathy.html">Cardiomiopatía</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">Defectos cardíacos congénitos</a> u otros tipos de enfermedades cardíacas con las que nace</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html">Endocarditis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">Ataque al corazón</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html">Enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial alta</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html">Coágulo de sangre en el pulmón</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li>Ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">enfermedades pulmonares</a> graves, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">EPOC</a> (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a></li> </ul> <p>Con el tiempo, la insuficiencia cardíaca del lado izquierdo puede provocar insuficiencia cardíaca del lado derecho.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener insuficiencia cardíaca?</h3> <p>La insuficiencia cardíaca puede ocurrir a cualquier edad. Tanto hombres como mujeres pueden tenerla, pero a menudo los hombres la desarrollan a una edad más temprana que las mujeres. Su probabilidad de tener insuficiencia cardíaca aumenta si:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Tiene 65 años o más:</strong> El envejecimiento puede debilitar y endurecer el músculo cardíaco</li> <li><strong>Su historia de salud familiar</strong> incluye parientes que tienen o han tenido insuficiencia cardíaca</li> <li><strong>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">cambios en sus genes</a></strong> que afectan el tejido de su corazón</li> <li><strong>Tiene hábitos que pueden dañar su corazón</strong>, como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a></li> <li>Comer alimentos altos en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">grasa</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sodio</a> (sal)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Tener un estilo de vida inactivo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">Trastorno por consumo de alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">Consumir drogas ilegales</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Tiene otros problemas médicos que pueden afectar su corazón</strong>, incluyendo: <ul> <li>Cualquier afección del corazón o de los vasos sanguíneos, incluyendo presión arterial alta</li> <li>Enfermedades pulmonares graves</li> <li>Infección, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a></li> <li>Obesidad</li> <li>Diabetes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">Apnea del sueño</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">Enfermedad renal crónica</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">Anemia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html">Enfermedad por sobrecarga de hierro</a></li> <li>Tratamientos contra el cáncer que pueden dañar su corazón, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Es afroamericano:</strong> Los afroamericanos tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar insuficiencia cardíaca y tener casos más graves a edades más tempranas que las personas de otras razas. Factores como el estigma, la discriminación, los ingresos, la educación y la región geográfica también pueden afectar el riesgo de insuficiencia cardíaca</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la insuficiencia cardíaca?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la insuficiencia cardíaca dependen del lado del corazón afectado y de la gravedad de la afección. La mayoría de los síntomas son causados por la reducción del flujo sanguíneo a los órganos y la acumulación de líquido en el cuerpo.</p> <p>La acumulación de líquido ocurre porque el flujo de sangre por el corazón es demasiado lento. Como resultado, la sangre se acumula en los vasos que la devuelven al corazón. El líquido puede escaparse de los vasos sanguíneos y acumularse en los tejidos del cuerpo, causando hinchazón (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html">edema</a>) y otros problemas.</p> <p>Los síntomas de la insuficiencia cardíaca pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Sensación de falta de aire</a> (como si no pudiera obtener suficiente aire) cuando hace cosas como subir escaleras. Este puede ser uno de los primeros síntomas que note</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a> o debilidad incluso después del descanso</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a></li> <li>Hinchazón y aumento de peso por líquido en los tobillos, la parte inferior de las piernas o el abdomen</li> <li>Dificultad para dormir cuando está acostado</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náusea</a> y pérdida del apetito</li> <li>Hinchazón en las venas de su cuello</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html">Necesidad de orinar seguido</a></li> </ul> <p>Al principio, es posible que no tenga síntomas o que sean leves. A medida que la enfermedad empeora, en general sus síntomas le molestarán más.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas causa la insuficiencia cardíaca?</h3> <p>La acumulación de líquido y la reducción del flujo de sangre a sus órganos pueden causar problemas graves, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Problemas respiratorios</strong> por el líquido dentro y alrededor de los pulmones (también llamado insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva)</li> <li><strong>Daño <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">renal</a> o hepático</strong>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html">cirrosis</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html">Desnutrición</a></strong> si la acumulación de líquidos hace que comer sea incómodo o si su estómago no recibe suficiente flujo de sangre para digerir los alimentos bien</li> <li><strong>Otras afecciones cardíacas</strong>, como latidos cardíacos irregulares y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html">paro cardíaco</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryhypertension.html">Hipertensión pulmonar</a></strong></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la insuficiencia cardíaca?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene insuficiencia cardíaca, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Preguntar sobre su historia clínica</strong>, incluyendo sus síntomas</li> <li><strong>Preguntar sobre su historia de salud familiar</strong>, incluyendo los familiares que han tenido insuficiencia cardíaca</li> <li>Hacer un examen físico</li> <li><strong>Hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">pruebas cardíacas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/lo-que-usted-debe-saber-sobre-los-analisis-de-sangre/">análisis de sangre</a></strong>, incluyendo una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-peptidos-natriureticos-bnp-nt-probnp/">prueba de péptido natriurético cerebral</a></li> </ul> <p>En algunos casos, su profesional de la salud puede referirlo a un cardiólogo (un especialista en enfermedades del corazón) para realizarle pruebas, diagnóstico y atención.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la insuficiencia cardíaca?</h3> <p>Su tratamiento dependerá del tipo de insuficiencia cardíaca que tenga y de su gravedad. No hay cura para la insuficiencia cardíaca. Pero el tratamiento puede ayudarle a vivir más tiempo con menos síntomas.</p> <p>Incluso con tratamiento, en general la insuficiencia cardíaca empeora con el tiempo, por lo que es probable que necesite tratamiento por el resto de su vida.</p> <p>La mayoría de los planes de tratamiento incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Tomar medicamentos</li> <li>Consumir menos sodio y beber menos líquidos para controlar la acumulación de fluidos</li> <li>Hacer otros cambios, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar de fumar</a>, controlar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a> y hacer tanta actividad física como le recomiende su profesional de la salud</li> <li>Tratar cualquier afección que pueda empeorar la insuficiencia cardíaca</li> </ul> <p>Es posible que necesite una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html">cirugía cardíaca</a> si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene un defecto cardíaco congénito o daño en el corazón que se puede reparar</li> <li>El lado izquierdo de su corazón se está debilitando y podría ayudar colocarle un dispositivo en el pecho. Los dispositivos incluyen: <ul> <li><strong>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">desfibrilador cardioversor implantable</a></strong>.</li> <li><strong>Un marcapasos biventricular</strong> (terapia de resincronización cardíaca)</li> <li><strong>Una bomba cardíaca mecánica</strong> (dispositivo de asistencia ventricular o un corazón artificial total)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Su cardiólogo recomienda un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html">trasplante de corazón</a> porque su insuficiencia cardíaca es potencialmente mortal y nada más está ayudando</li> </ul> <p>Como parte de su tratamiento, deberá prestar mucha atención a sus síntomas, ya que la insuficiencia cardíaca puede empeorar repentinamente. Su profesional de la salud puede sugerir un programa de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html">rehabilitación cardíaca</a> para ayudarle a aprender a manejar su afección.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la insuficiencia cardíaca?</h3> <p>Es posible que pueda prevenir o retrasar la insuficiencia cardíaca si:</p> <ul> <li>Trabaja con su profesional de la salud para manejar cualquier afección que aumente su riesgo de tener insuficiencia cardíaca</li> <li>Realiza cambios saludables en su alimentación, ejercicio y otros hábitos diarios para ayudar a prevenir enfermedades cardíacas</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Personas mayores Sangre, corazón y circulación Heart Failure Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Marcapasos y desfibrilador implantable Trasplante de corazón Cardíaco, Fallo Cardíaco, Insuficiencia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre <p>Falls can be dangerous at any age. Babies and young children can get hurt falling off furniture or down the stairs. Older children may fall off playground equipment. For older adults, falls can be especially serious. They are at higher risk of falling. They are also more likely to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fracture</a> (break) a bone when they fall, especially if they have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>. A broken bone, especially when it is in a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html">hip</a>, may even lead to disability and a loss of independence for older adults. </p> <p>Some common causes of falls include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html">Balance problems</a></li> <li>Some medicines, which can make you feel dizzy, confused, or slow</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Vision problems</a></li> <li>Alcohol, which can affect your balance and reflexes</li> <li>Muscle weakness, especially in your legs, which can make it harder for you to get up from a chair or keep your balance when walking on an uneven surface.</li> <li>Certain illnesses, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html">low blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html">neuropathy</a></li> <li>Slow reflexes, which make it hard to keep your balance or move out of the way of a hazard</li> <li>Tripping or slipping due to loss of footing or traction</li> </ul> <p>At any age, people can make changes to lower their risk of falling. It important to take care of your health, including getting regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html">eye exams</a>. Regular exercise may lower your risk of falls by strengthening your muscles, improving your balance, and keeping your bones strong. And you can look for ways to make your house safer. For example, you can get rid of tripping hazards and make sure that you have rails on the stairs and in the bath. To reduce the chances of breaking a bone if you do fall, make sure that you get enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">vitamin D</a>. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Older Adults Safety Issues Caídas Accidental Falls Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute on Aging Balance Problems Wounds and Injuries Accidents Older Adults Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults American Geriatrics Society PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Related Issues Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles <p>Your family history includes health information about you and your close relatives. Families have many factors in common, including their genes, environment, and lifestyle. Looking at these factors can help you figure out whether you have a higher risk for certain health problems, such as heart disease, stroke, and cancer.</p> <p>Having a family member with a disease raises your risk, but it does not mean that you will definitely get it. Knowing that you are at risk gives you a chance to reduce that risk by following a healthier lifestyle and getting tested as needed. </p> <p>You can get started by talking to your relatives about their health. Draw a family tree and add the health information. Having copies of medical <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthrecords.html">records</a> and death certificates is also helpful. </p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention </p> Genetics/Birth Defects Wellness and Lifestyle Historia familiar Medical History Taking Spanish Genetic Counseling Genetic Testing Healthy Living Personal Health Records Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Health Check Tools National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF Find an Expert National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Journal Articles Start Here National Library of Medicine NIH <p>There are many kinds of families. Some have two parents, while others have a single parent. Sometimes there is no parent and grandparents raise grandchildren. Some children live in foster families, adoptive families, or in stepfamilies.</p> <p>Families are much more than groups of people who share the same genes or the same address. They should be a source of love and support. This does not mean that everyone gets along all the time. Conflicts are a part of family life. Many things can lead to conflict, such as illness, disability, addiction, job loss, school problems, and marital issues. Listening to each other and working to resolve conflicts are important in strengthening the family.</p> Social/Family Issues Asuntos familiares Family Interpersonal Relations Spanish Parenting Stepfamilies Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert Administration for Children and Families Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy Children American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Related Issues American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Related Issues American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Children Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Cansancio extremo <h3>¿Qué es la fatiga?</h3> <p>La fatiga es una sensación de cansancio, agotamiento o falta de energía. Puede interferir con sus actividades diarias habituales. La fatiga puede ser una respuesta normal a la actividad física, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a> emocional, el aburrimiento o la falta de sueño. Pero a veces puede ser un signo de un problema físico o mental. Si se siente cansado durante semanas, hable con su profesional de la salud. Éste puede ayudarle a encontrar la causa de su fatiga y recomendarle formas de aliviarla.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la fatiga?</h3> <p>La fatiga en sí misma no es una enfermedad, es un síntoma. Puede tener muchas causas diferentes, incluyendo el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazo</a> y diversos problemas médicos, tratamientos y hábitos de estilo de vida como:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas médicos: <ul> <li>Enfermedades crónicas (de larga duración) como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">EPOC</a> (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica) y enfermedades del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">corazón</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hígado</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">riñón</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">tiroides</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html">Dolor</a> no tratado y enfermedades como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fibromyalgia.html">fibromialgia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">Anemia</a></li> <li>Infecciones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html">Enfermedad de Parkinson</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">Apnea del sueño</a> y otros trastornos del sueño</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Accidente cerebrovascular</a> reciente</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">Trastornos mentales</a> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a> </li> </ul> </li><li>Tratamientos: <ul> <li>Tratamientos contra el cáncer como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">trasplantes de médula ósea</a></li> <li>Recuperación tras una cirugía mayor</li> <li>Tomar ciertos medicamentos, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">antidepresivos</a>, antihistamínicos y medicamentos para las náuseas y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">dolor</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Hábitos de estilo de vida: <ul> <li>No dormir lo suficiente</li> <li>Quedarse despierto hasta tarde</li> <li>Beber demasiado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">Consumo de sustancias</a></li> <li>Tomar demasiada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">cafeína</a> (lo que puede impedir que obtenga el descanso necesario durante la noche)</li> <li>Hacer muy poco o demasiado ejercicio</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>La fatiga extrema es parte de un trastorno llamado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html">encefalomielitis miálgica/síndrome de fatiga crónica</a> (EM/SFC). La fatiga causada por este trastorno es diferente a una sensación de cansancio que desaparece después de descansar. En cambio, la fatiga en EM/SFC dura mucho tiempo, no mejora con el descanso y limita su capacidad para realizar sus actividades diarias habituales.</p> <h3>¿Qué puedo hacer para controlar la fatiga?</h3> <p>Si ha tenido fatiga que no mejora después de varias semanas, hable con su profesional de la salud. El proveedor le hará preguntas sobre su sueño, actividades diarias, apetito y ejercicio. Probablemente le hará un examen físico y solicitará pruebas de laboratorio. Una vez que establezca un diagnóstico, podrá indicarle qué tratamientos pueden ayudar.</p> <p>También puede hacer algunos cambios en su estilo de vida para sentirse menos cansado:</p> <li>Haga <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física regular</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Mejore sus hábitos de sueño</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">Deje de fumar</a> (si fuma), ya que fumar está relacionado con muchas enfermedades que pueden provocar fatiga</li> <li>Controle el estrés</li> <li>Consuma una dieta saludable y evite el alcohol</li> <p>También puede resultarle útil llevar un diario de fatiga. Esto puede ayudar a encontrar patrones a lo largo del día, como cuando se siente más cansado y cuando tiene más energía. También puede ayudarle a planificar actividades que puedan brindarle más energía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento </p> Síntomas Fatigue Encefalomielitis miálgica/Síndrome de fatiga crónica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Tiredness Weariness <h3>What is fatigue?</h3> <p>Fatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy. It can interfere with your usual daily activities. Fatigue can be a normal response to physical activity, emotional <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>, boredom, or lack of sleep. But sometimes it can be a sign of a mental or physical condition. If you have been feeling tired for weeks, contact your health care provider. They can help you find out what's causing your fatigue and recommend ways to relieve it.</p> <h3>What causes fatigue?</h3> <p>Fatigue itself is not a disease; it's a symptom. It can have many different causes, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnancy</a> and various medical problems, treatments, and lifestyle habits such as:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medical problems:</strong> <ul> <li>Chronic (long-lasting) diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a> (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">thyroid</a> diseases</li> <li>Untreated <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">pain</a> and diseases like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fibromyalgia.html">fibromyalgia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">Anemia</a></li> <li>Infections</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson's disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">Sleep apnea</a> and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">sleep disorders</a></li> <li>Recent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">Mental disorders</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Treatments:</strong> <ul> <li>Cancer treatments such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">bone marrow transplants</a></li> <li>Recovering from major surgery</li> <li>Taking certain medicines, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">antidepressants</a>, antihistamines, and medicines for nausea and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Lifestyle habits:</strong> <ul> <li>Not getting enough sleep</li> <li>Staying up too late</li> <li>Drinking too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">Substance use</a></li> <li>Having too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">caffeine</a> (which can keep you from getting a good night's sleep)</li> <li>Getting too little or too much exercise</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Overwhelming fatigue is part of a disorder called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html">myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome</a> (ME/CFS). The fatigue caused by this disorder is different from a tired feeling that goes away after you rest. Instead, the fatigue in ME/CFS lasts a long time, does not get better with rest, and limits your ability to do ordinary daily activities.</p> <h3>What can I do to manage fatigue?</h3> <p>If you've had fatigue that does not get better after several weeks, call your provider. They will ask questions about your sleep, daily activities, appetite, and exercise. They will likely do a physical exam and order lab tests. Once they decide on a diagnosis, they can tell you what treatments might help.</p> <p>You can also make some lifestyle changes to feel less tired:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Get regular physical activity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">Improve your sleep habits</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">Stop smoking</a> (if you smoke), since smoking is linked to many diseases that can cause fatigue</li> <li>Manage stress</li> <li>Eat a healthy diet and avoid alcohol</li> </ul> <p>It also may be helpful for you to keep a fatigue diary. This can help you find patterns throughout the day, such as when you feel more tired and when you have more energy. It can also help you plan for activities that may give you more energy.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Symptoms Fatiga Fatigue Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Tiredness Weariness Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Multiple Sclerosis Society Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Journal Articles Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Alcoholic Steatohepatitis NAFLD NASH Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis <h3>What is fatty liver disease?</h3> <p>Your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver</a> is the largest organ inside your body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. Fatty liver disease is a condition in which fat builds up in your liver. There are two main types:</p><ul> <li>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)</li> <li>Alcoholic fatty liver disease, also called alcoholic steatohepatitis</li> </ul> <h3>What is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?</h3> <p>NAFLD is a type of fatty liver disease that is not related to heavy alcohol use. There are two kinds:</p><ul> <li>Simple fatty liver, in which you have fat in your liver but little or no inflammation or liver cell damage. Simple fatty liver typically does not get bad enough to cause liver damage or complications.</li> <li>Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), in which you have inflammation and liver cell damage, as well as fat in your liver. Inflammation and liver cell damage can cause fibrosis, or scarring, of the liver. NASH may lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html">cirrhosis</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html">liver cancer</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What is alcoholic fatty liver disease?</h3> <p>Alcoholic fatty liver disease is due to heavy alcohol use. Your liver breaks down most of the alcohol you drink, so it can be removed from your body. But the process of breaking it down can generate harmful substances. These substances can damage liver cells, promote inflammation, and weaken your body's natural defenses. The more alcohol that you drink, the more you damage your liver. Alcoholic fatty liver disease is the earliest stage of alcohol-related liver disease. The next stages are alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for fatty liver disease?</h3> <p>The cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unknown. Researchers do know that it is more common in people who:</p><ul> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a></li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li>Are middle aged or older (although children can also get it)</li> <li>Are Hispanic, followed by non-Hispanic Whites. It is less common in African Americans.</li> <li>Have high levels of fats in the blood, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">cholesterol</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html">triglycerides</a></li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a></li> <li>Take certain drugs, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">corticosteroids</a> and some cancer drugs</li> <li>Have certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html">metabolic disorders</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html">metabolic syndrome</a></li> <li>Have rapid weight loss</li> <li>Have certain infections, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html">hepatitis C</a></li> <li>Have been exposed to some toxins</li> </ul> <p>NAFLD affects about 25% of people in the world. As the rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol are rising in the United States, so is the rate of NAFLD. NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disorder in the United States.</p> <p>Alcoholic fatty liver disease only happens in people who are heavy drinkers, especially those who have been drinking for a long period of time. The risk is higher for heavy drinkers who are women, have obesity, or have certain genetic mutations.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of fatty liver disease?</h3> <p>Both NAFLD and alcoholic fatty liver disease are usually silent diseases with few or no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, you may feel tired or have discomfort in the upper right side of your abdomen.</p> <h3>How is fatty liver disease diagnosed?</h3> <p>Because there are often no symptoms, it is not easy to find fatty liver disease. Your doctor may suspect that you have it if you get abnormal results on liver tests that you had for other reasons. To make a diagnosis, your doctor will use:</p><ul> <li>Your medical history</li> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>Various tests, including blood and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>, and sometimes a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a></li> </ul> <p>As part of the medical history, your doctor will ask about your alcohol use, to find out whether fat in your liver is a sign of alcoholic fatty liver disease or nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). He or she will also ask which medicines you take, to try to determine whether a medicine is causing your NAFLD.</p> <p>During the physical exam, your doctor will examine your body and check your weight and height. Your doctor will look for signs of fatty liver disease, such as:</p><ul> <li>An enlarged liver</li> <li>Signs of cirrhosis, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html">jaundice</a>, a condition that causes your skin and whites of your eyes to turn yellow</li> </ul> <p>You will likely have blood tests, including liver function tests and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">blood count tests</a>. In some cases you may also have imaging tests, like those that check for fat in the liver and the stiffness of your liver. Liver stiffness can mean fibrosis, which is scarring of the liver. In some cases you may also need a liver biopsy to confirm the diagnosis, and to check how bad the liver damage is.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for fatty liver disease?</h3> <p>Doctors recommend weight loss for nonalcoholic fatty liver. Weight loss can reduce fat in the liver, inflammation, and fibrosis. If your doctor thinks that a certain medicine is the cause of your NAFLD, you should stop taking that medicine. But check with your doctor before stopping the medicine. You may need to get off the medicine gradually, and you might need to switch to another medicine instead.</p> <p>There are no medicines that have been approved to treat NAFLD. Studies are investigating whether a certain diabetes medicine or Vitamin E can help, but more studies are needed.</p> <p>The most important part of treating alcohol-related fatty liver disease is to stop drinking alcohol. If you need help doing that, you may want to see a therapist or participate in an alcohol recovery program. There are also medicines that can help, either by reducing your cravings or making you feel sick if you drink alcohol.</p> <p>Both alcoholic fatty liver disease and one type of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) can lead to cirrhosis. Doctors can treat the health problems caused by cirrhosis with medicines, operations, and other medical procedures. If the cirrhosis leads to liver failure, you may need a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html">liver transplant</a>.</p> <h3>What are some lifestyle changes that can help with fatty liver disease?</h3> <p>If you have any of the types of fatty liver disease, there are some lifestyle changes that can help:</p><ul> <li>Eat a healthy diet, limiting salt and sugar, plus eating lots of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains</li> <li>Get vaccinations for hepatitis <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html">A</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html">B</a>, the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html">flu</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumococcalinfections.html">pneumococcal disease</a>. If you get hepatitis A or B along with fatty liver, it is more likely to lead to liver failure. People with chronic liver disease are more likely to get infections, so the other two vaccinations are also important.</li> <li>Get regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">exercise</a>, which can help you lose weight and reduce fat in the liver</li> <li>Talk with your doctor before using <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html">dietary supplements</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a>, or any <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">complementary or alternative medicines or medical practices</a>. Some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html">herbal remedies</a> can damage your liver.</li> </ul> Digestive System Hígado graso Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty Liver, Alcoholic Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Learn More Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More Merck & Co., Inc. Learn More National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Journal Articles Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH <p>Infertility means not being able to get pregnant after at least one year of trying (or 6 months if the woman is over age 35). If a woman keeps having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html">miscarriages</a>, it is also called infertility. Female infertility can result from age, physical problems, hormone problems, and lifestyle or environmental factors.</p> <p>Most cases of infertility in women result from problems with producing eggs. In <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html">primary ovarian insufficiency</a>, the ovaries stop functioning before natural menopause. In <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS), the ovaries may not release an egg regularly or they may not release a healthy egg.</p> <p>About a third of the time, infertility is because of a problem with the woman. One third of the time, it is a problem with the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html">man</a>. Sometimes no cause can be found.</p> <p>If you think you might be infertile, see your doctor. There are tests that may tell if you have fertility problems. When it is possible to find the cause, treatments may include medicines, surgery, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">assisted reproductive technologies</a>. Happily, many couples treated for infertility are able to have babies.</p> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Infertilidad en la mujer Infertility, Female Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Assisted Reproductive Technology Infertility Male Infertility Infertility, Female Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Society for Reproductive Medicine PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Diagnosis and Tests American Society for Reproductive Medicine Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Society for Reproductive Medicine PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Society for Reproductive Medicine Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Society for Reproductive Medicine PDF Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Endocrine Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Society for Reproductive Medicine Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Living With American Society for Reproductive Medicine Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>La fenilcetonuria (FCU) es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html">trastorno del metabolismo de los aminoácidos</a>. Si lo tiene, su organismo no puede procesar fenilalanina. La fenilalanina es un aminoácido, un compuesto fundamental de las proteínas. Esta se encuentra en casi todos los alimentos. Cuando los niveles de fenilalanina suben demasiado, esta proteína puede dañar el cerebro y causar una discapacidad intelectual grave. En la actualidad, todos los bebés que nacen en hospitales de los Estados Unidos deben someterse a una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">evaluación</a> para detectar la fenilcetonuria. Esto facilita el diagnóstico y el tratamiento temprano. </p> <p>El mejor tratamiento para la FCU es una dieta con alimentos con baja cantidad de proteínas. Existen leches con fórmulas especiales para los recién nacidos. En el caso de los niños mayores y los adultos la dieta incluye muchas frutas y vegetales. También incluye algunos panes, pastas y cereales con bajo nivel de proteínas. Unos preparados especiales que se usan como complemento nutricional suministran las vitaminas y los minerales que no pueden obtenerse por medio de la comida. </p> <p>Los bebés que reciben esta dieta especial poco tiempo después de su nacimiento se desarrollan normalmente. Muchos no tienen síntomas de FCU. Es importante que continúen con esta dieta por el resto de sus vidas. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Problemas del metabolismo Phenylketonuria Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Enfermedades genéticas Evaluación del recién nacido FCU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Enfermedad de Raynaud <h3>¿Qué es el fenómeno de Raynaud?</h3> <p>El fenómeno de Raynaud es una afección que afecta los vasos sanguíneos (las vías por las que fluye la sangre). Provoca que los vasos sanguíneos se estrechen, lo que disminuye el flujo sanguíneo. Esto se conoce como episodio de Raynaud o "ataque". Los ataques suelen afectar los dedos de las manos y los pies, causando que se enfríen y entumezcan. También pueden cambiar de color, generalmente blanquecino o azulado. Estos ataques ocurren en respuesta a las bajas temperaturas o al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a>.</p> <p>El fenómeno de Raynaud también puede se conoce como enfermedad o síndrome de Raynaud.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de fenómeno de Raynaud?</h3> <p>Hay dos tipos de fenómeno de Raynaud:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Fenómeno de Raynaud primario</strong>: Es el tipo más común. Se desconoce su causa</li> <li><strong>Fenómeno de Raynaud secundario</strong>: Suele ser causado por otra enfermedad o problema, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html">lupus</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scleroderma.html">esclerodermia</a>. Otras causas pueden ser la exposición al frío o a ciertos químicos. Este tipo puede ser más serio que el primario</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa el fenómeno de Raynaud?</h3> <p>Los investigadores no saben exactamente por qué algunas personas desarrollan el fenómeno de Raynaud, pero sí comprenden cómo ocurren los ataques. Cuando se expone al frío, su cuerpo intenta frenar la pérdida de calor y mantener su temperatura. Para esto, los vasos sanguíneos en la capa superior de la piel se contraen (se estrechan). Esto mueve la sangre desde los vasos cercanos a la superficie hacia los vasos más profundos del cuerpo. Pero cuando tiene el fenómeno de Raynaud, los vasos sanguíneos de las manos y los pies reaccionan al frío o al estrés estrechándose rápidamente. También permanecen estrechos durante mucho tiempo.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener fenómeno de Raynaud?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede desarrollar el fenómeno de Raynaud, pero algunas tienen más probabilidades de desarrollarlo:</p> <ul> <li>El <strong>fenómeno primario de Raynaud</strong> se ha relacionado con: <ul> <li><strong>Sexo</strong>: Las mujeres lo padecen con más frecuencia que los hombres</li> <li><strong>Edad</strong>: En general, se desarrolla en personas menores de 30 años. A menudo comienza en la adolescencia</li> <li><strong>Antecedentes familiares de fenómeno de Raynaud</strong>: Es más probable que usted tenga fenómeno de Raynaud si un familiar suyo lo padece</li> </ul> </li><li>El <strong>fenómeno de Raynaud secundario</strong> se ha relacionado con: <ul> <li><strong>Ciertas enfermedades</strong>: Estas incluyen lupus, esclerodermia, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html">artritis reumatoide</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html">síndrome del túnel carpiano</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/connectivetissuedisorders.html">trastornos del tejido conectivo</a></li> <li><strong>Ciertos medicamentos</strong>: Los medicamentos que tratan la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">presión arterial alta</a>, las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html">migrañas</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html">trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad</a> (TDAH) pueden causar síntomas similares al fenómeno de Raynaud o empeorar sus síntomas</li> <li><strong>Exposiciones relacionadas con el trabajo</strong>: esto incluye uso frecuente de maquinaria vibratoria (como un martillo neumático) o exposición al frío o a ciertos productos químicos</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del fenómeno de Raynaud?</h3> <p>Los ataques de Raynaud ocurren con mayor frecuencia cuando tiene frío, por ejemplo, cuando toma algo frío del congelador o entra en un edificio con aire acondicionado en un día cálido. Los ataques suelen afectar los dedos de manos y pies. Pero a veces pueden afectar otras partes del cuerpo, como los oídos, la nariz, los labios o los pezones.</p> <p>Un ataque hace que la piel se enfríe y se entumezca. Su piel también puede volverse blanca o azul debido a la falta de oxígeno. A medida que regresa el flujo sanguíneo, la piel puede sentir hormigueo, palpitación o enrojecerse. Un ataque puede durar minutos u horas. Si tiene la piel más oscura, es posible que no pueda ver fácilmente sus cambios de color. Para muchas personas, especialmente aquellas con el tipo primario, los síntomas son leves. Las personas con tipo secundario suelen tener síntomas más graves. Pueden desarrollar úlceras en la piel (llagas abiertas causadas por poco flujo sanguíneo) o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html">infecciones de la piel</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el fenómeno de Raynaud?</h3> <p>No existe una prueba específica para diagnosticar el fenómeno de Raynaud. Para saber si lo tiene, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Considerar su historia clínica y preguntarle sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Hacer un examen físico</li> <li>Solicitar análisis de sangre y otras pruebas de laboratorio para detectar otras afecciones que podrían estar causando sus síntomas y/o para ayudar a decidir qué tipo de fenómeno de Raynaud tiene</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el fenómeno de Raynaud?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas con fenómeno de Raynaud pueden controlar sus síntomas evitando el frío. Pero si esto no fuera suficiente, los medicamentos y, en algunos casos, las cirugías pueden ayudar.</p> <p>Es más probable que el fenómeno de Raynaud secundario sea grave y necesite más tratamientos. También es importante tratar la afección o problema que está causando el fenómeno de Raynaud.</p> <p>Es posible que necesite consultar a un especialista como un reumatólogo, un especialista que trata enfermedades de las articulaciones, los músculos y los huesos.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el fenómeno de Raynaud?</h3> <p>El fenómeno de Raynaud no se puede prevenir, pero usted puede ayudar a prevenir ataques y controlar sus síntomas al:</p> <ul> <li>Colocar las manos o los pies en un lugar cálido cuando tenga un ataque. Esto puede incluir ponerlos bajo agua tibia (no caliente) o debajo de una almohadilla térmica</li> <li>Mantener el cuerpo, especialmente las manos y los pies, calientes en climas fríos</li> <li>Evitar los desencadenantes, como ciertos medicamentos y el estrés</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">Dejar de fumar</a> (o no empezar a fumar)</li> <li>Controlar el estrés</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Síntomas Raynaud Phenomenon Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica <p>Un feocromocitoma es un tumor raro que suele comenzar en las células de una de las glándulas suprarrenales. Aunque por lo general son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html">benignos</a> (no cancerosos), con frecuencia, los feocromocitomas causan que la glándula suprarrenal produzca demasiadas hormonas. Esto puede conducir a un aumento de la presión arterial y causar síntomas, tales como:</p><ul> <li>Dolor de cabeza</li> <li>Sudoración</li> <li>Palpitaciones cardiacas</li> <li>Temblor</li> <li>Palidez extrema</li> </ul> <p>Algunas veces, los feocromocitomas son parte de otro cuadro denominado síndrome de neoplasia endocrina múltiple. Con frecuencia, las personas con este síndrome tienen otros cánceres y otros problemas relacionados con las hormonas. </p> <p>Para el diagnóstico, los doctores usan diversas pruebas y tests con imágenes. El tratamiento más común es la cirugía. Otras opciones incluyen radioterapia, quimioterapia y terapia dirigida. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas, causando menos daños a las células normales.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Sistema endocrino Pheochromocytoma Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH FASD <p>Alcohol can harm your baby at any stage during a pregnancy. That includes the earliest stages, before you even know you are pregnant. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">Drinking during pregnancy</a> can cause a group of conditions called fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Children who are born with FASD can have a mix of problems, such as medical, behavioral, educational, and social problems. The kinds of problems they have depend on which type of FASD they have. The problems could include :</p><ul> <li>Abnormal facial features, such as a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip</li> <li>Small head size</li> <li>Shorter-than-average height</li> <li>Low body weight</li> <li>Poor coordination</li> <li>Hyperactive behavior</li> <li>Difficulty with attention and memory</li> <li>Learning disabilities and difficulty in school</li> <li>Speech and language delays</li> <li>Intellectual disability or low IQ</li> <li>Poor reasoning and judgment skills</li> <li>Sleep and sucking problems as a baby</li> <li>Vision or hearing problems</li> <li>Problems with the heart, kidneys, or bones</li> </ul> <p>Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the most serious type of FASD. People with fetal alcohol syndrome have facial abnormalities, including wide-set and narrow eyes, growth problems and nervous system abnormalities.</p> <p>Diagnosing FASD can be hard because there is no medical test, like a blood test, for it. The health care provider will make a diagnosis by looking at the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd-screening/">child's signs and symptoms</a> and asking whether the mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.</p> <p>FASDs last a lifetime. There is no cure for FASDs, but treatments can help. These include medicines to help with some symptoms, medical care for health problems, behavior and education therapy, and parent training. A good treatment plan is specific to the child's problems. It should include close monitoring, follow-ups, and changes when needed.</p> <p>Certain "protective factors" can help reduce the effects of FASDs and help people who have them reach their full potential. They include:</p><ul> <li>Diagnosis before 6 years of age</li> <li>Loving, nurturing, and stable home environment during the school years</li> <li>Absence of violence around them</li> <li>Involvement in special education and social services</li> </ul> <p>There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. To prevent FASDs, you should not drink alcohol while you are pregnant, or when you might get pregnant.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Substance Use and Disorders Pregnancy and Reproduction Genetics/Birth Defects Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Spanish National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Pregnancy and Substance Use FAS Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Find an Expert National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH <p>A normal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnancy</a> lasts nine months. Each three-month period of pregnancy is called a trimester. During each trimester, the fetus grows and develops. Regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">medical checkups</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html">prenatal tests</a> are very important. They can:</p><ul> <li>Help keep you and your baby healthy</li> <li>Spot <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">problems with your baby</a> (if there are any). In some cases, health care professionals can treat the problem before your baby is born. But even when they cannot, it can still be helpful to know about the problem early on. That gives you time to learn about your baby's condition and prepare for any challenges you may face after the baby is born.</li> <li>Prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbirthproblems.html">problems during delivery</a>. For example, if your baby is breech (bottom first or feet first, instead of head first), you may need to have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html">Cesarean section</a> to avoid complications.</li> </ul> <p>Besides getting medical care, there are other things you can do to keep your baby as healthy as possible. It's important <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">not to drink or smoke</a>. Try to eat a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html">healthy diet</a> and make sure to take care of any <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">health problems you have during pregnancy</a>.</p> Pregnancy and Reproduction Salud y desarrollo fetal Fetal Diseases Fetal Development Arabic Bosnian Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Birth Defects Birth Weight Childbirth Problems Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Health Problems in Pregnancy Pregnancy Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Children's Hospital and Health System, Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Pyrexia <p>A fever is a body temperature that is higher than normal. A normal temperature can vary from person to person, but it is usually around 98.6 °F (37 °C). A fever is not a disease. It is usually a sign that your body is trying to fight an illness or infection.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html">Infections</a> cause most fevers. You get a fever because your body is trying to kill the virus or bacteria that caused the infection. Most of those bacteria and viruses do well when your body is at your normal temperature. But if you have a fever, it is harder for them to survive. Fever also activates your body's immune system.</p> <p>Other causes of fevers include:</p><ul> <li>Medicines, including some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html">blood pressure medicines</a>, and anti-seizure medicines</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heatillness.html">Heat illness</a></li> <li>Cancers</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">Autoimmune diseases</a></li> <li>Some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html">childhood vaccines</a></li> </ul> <p>Treatment depends on the cause of your fever. If the fever is very high, your health care provider may recommend taking an over-the-counter medicine such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Adults can also take aspirin, but children with fevers should not take aspirin. It is also important to drink enough liquids, to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydration</a>.</p> Infections Symptoms Fiebre Fever Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Hot (Temperature) Pyrexia Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American College of Rheumatology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Children Nemours Foundation Video Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American College of Rheumatology Journal Articles Children Nemours Foundation Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH <p>La fibra es una sustancia en las plantas. La fibra dietética es el tipo que se come. Es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html">carbohidrato</a>. También puede verla listada en la etiqueta de los alimentos como fibra soluble o fibra insoluble. Ambos tipos ofrecen importantes beneficios a la salud.</p> <p>Buenas fuentes de fibra dietética incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Los cereales integrales</li> <li>Nueces y semillas</li> <li>Frutas y hortalizas</li> </ul> <p>La fibra dietética agrega volumen a su dieta y hace que se sienta lleno más rápido, lo que ayuda a controlar su peso. Ayuda a la digestión y a prevenir el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">estreñimiento</a>. La mayoría de los estadounidenses no comen suficiente fibra dietética. Pero añádala a su dieta lentamente. El aumento de fibra en la dieta demasiado rápido puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html">gases</a>, distensión y cólicos. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Alimentos y nutrición Dietary Fiber Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Enfermedades del colon Estreñimiento Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Fibriloaleteo auricular <h3>¿Qué es la fibrilación auricular?</h3> <p>La fibrilación auricular (FA) es uno de los tipos de arritmias más comunes. Las arritmias son problemas con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón. Pueden hacer que su corazón lata demasiado lento, demasiado rápido o de forma irregular.</p> <p>Si tiene fibrilación auricular, su corazón late de manera irregular y, en ocasiones, mucho más rápido de lo normal. Además, la cámara superior e inferior del corazón no funcionan coordinadamente como deberían. Cuando esto ocurre, las cámaras inferiores no se llenan por completo ni bombean suficiente sangre a los pulmones y al cuerpo. Esto puede causar síntomas como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">mareo</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">fatiga</a> y palpitaciones.</p> <p>La fibrilación auricular puede ocurrir en episodios breves o puede ser una afección permanente. Es muy importante tratarla, ya que puede ponerle en riesgo de sufrir un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a> y otros problemas cardíacos.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la fibrilación auricular?</h3> <p>La fibrilación auricular suele ser causada por cambios en el tejido del corazón o en las señales eléctricas de los latidos del corazón. Estos cambios pueden ocurrir debido a diferentes afecciones y factores, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">defectos cardíacos congénitos</a>, infecciones y envejecimiento. A veces la causa es desconocida.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar fibrilación auricular?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener fibrilación auricular, pero hay ciertas cosas que aumentan el riesgo de padecerla:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Envejecimiento</strong>: El riesgo de fibrilación auricular aumenta a medida que envejece, especialmente si es mayor de 65 años</li> <li><strong>Historia familiar y genética</strong>: La fibrilación auricular puede ser hereditaria. Lo mismo las enfermedades cardíacas, que aumentan el riesgo de FA</li> <li><strong>Algunas opciones de estilo de vida</strong>: Su riesgo es mayor si bebe mucho alcohol, consume ciertas drogas ilegales como cocaína y metanfetaminas, o fuma</li> <li><strong>Tener ciertos problemas de salud</strong>, como: <ul> <li>Presión arterial alta</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Insuficiencia cardiaca</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html">Enfermedades de las válvulas cardíacas</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html">Hipertiroidismo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">Enfermedad renal crónica</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">EPOC</a> y otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">enfermedades pulmonares</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">Apnea del sueño</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Raza</strong>: La fibrilación auricular es más común en personas con ascendencia europea</li> <li><strong>Cirugía reciente</strong>: Usted puede tener riesgo de sufrir fibrilación auricular en los primeros días y semanas después de una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html">cirugía de corazón</a>, pulmones o esófago</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la fibrilación auricular?</h3> <p>Algunas personas que tienen fibrilación auricular no presentan ningún síntoma y no saben que la tienen. Si presenta síntomas, es posible que sólo los note de vez en cuando, o puede tener síntomas que sean más frecuentes. En algunos casos, los síntomas pueden ser graves. Si tiene una enfermedad cardíaca, es más probable que note sus síntomas, los que podrían empeorar si su enfermedad cardíaca se agrava.</p> <p>Los síntomas de fibrilación auricular pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Fatiga extrema: El síntoma más común</li> <li>Palpitaciones cardiacas: Sensación de que el corazón se salta un latido, palpita, late con fuerza o late demasiado fuerte o rápido</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a>: Especialmente cuando está acostado o cuando hace ejercicio</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor de pecho</a></li> <li>Mareos o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html">desmayos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial baja</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la fibrilación auricular?</h3> <p>Si la fibrilación auricular no se trata, puede provocar problemas de salud o complicaciones graves, como:</p> <ul> <li>Accidente cerebrovascular</li> <li>Insuficiencia cardiaca</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">Coágulos de sangre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html">Paro cardíaco súbito</a></li> <li>Deterioro cognitivo y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">demencia</a></li> </ul> <p>Para ayudar a prevenir estos problemas, es importante hablar con su profesional de la salud si tiene síntomas. Si tiene fibrilación auricular, cuanto antes se la diagnostiquen y traten, mejor.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la fibrilación auricular?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene fibrilación auricular, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Le preguntará sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo sus síntomas, estilo de vida y cualquier otra afección de salud que pueda tener</li> <li>Le preguntará sobre sus antecedentes familiares para saber si tiene familiares que tengan o hayan tenido fibrilación auricular</li> <li>Hará un examen físico</li> <li>Puede solicitar análisis de sangre</li> <li>Probablemente solicitará <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">pruebas cardíacas</a>, como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/">electrocardiograma</a> y ecocardiograma</li> <li>Es posible que le pidan que use un dispositivo de monitorización cardíaca que registre la actividad eléctrica de su corazón</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la fibrilación auricular?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para la fibrilación auricular pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Medicamentos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">anticoagulantes</a> que ayuden a prevenir la formación de coágulos sanguíneos</li> <li>Medicamentos para controlar el ritmo y la frecuencia cardíaca</li> <li>Realizar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html">cambios de estilo de vida saludables para el corazón</a>, como: <ul> <li>Seguir un plan de alimentación saludable para el corazón que limite las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">grasas</a> saturadas, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sal</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a>. Un ejemplo es el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html">plan de alimentación DASH</a></li> <li>Limitar o evitar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>, ya que puede aumentar el ritmo cardíaco</li> <li>Tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">peso saludable</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Realizar actividad física regular</a></li> <li>Controlar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">Dejar de fumar</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Procedimientos como: <ul> <li>Cardioversión eléctrica, que restablece el ritmo cardíaco mediante descargas de baja energía en el corazón</li> <li>Ablación con catéter, que cicatriza el tejido que está causando la arritmia. El tejido cicatricial bloquea las señales cardíacas anormales</li> </ul> </li> <li>Cirugías como: <ul> <li>Cirugía para colocar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">marcapasos</a> para ayudar a controlar la arritmia</li> <li>Un procedimiento Maze, que crea tejido cicatricial en un patrón similar a un laberinto en ciertas partes del corazón</li> <li>Cierre o taponamiento de la orejuela de la aurícula izquierda, una cirugía en un pequeño saco en la pared muscular auricular izquierda (la cámara superior izquierda del corazón). Ayuda a prevenir coágulos de sangre y puede reducir el riesgo de sufrir un accidente cerebrovascular. Esta cirugía es para personas que no pueden tomar anticoagulantes</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la fibrilación auricular?</h3> Hay medidas que puede tomar para ayudar a reducir el riesgo de fibrilación auricular, como: <ul> <li>Hacer cambios en el estilo de vida que sean saludables para el corazón: <ul> <li>Seguir un plan de alimentación saludable para el corazón</li> <li>Limitar o evitar el alcohol</li> <li>Tener un peso saludable</li> <li>Hacer actividad física regular</li> <li>Controlar el estrés</li> <li>No fumar</li> </ul> </li> <li>Evitar drogas ilegales, como cocaína y metanfetaminas</li> <li>Tomar medicamentos antiarrítmicos (medicamentos para tratar la arritmia) si le van a operar del corazón</li> <li>Tratar cualquier problema de salud que pueda aumentar su riesgo de fibrilación auricular</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Atrial Fibrillation Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Arritmia Atrial, Fibrilación Auricular, Fibrilación Fibrilación atrial Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Fibroides del útero Fibromas del útero <p>Los fibromas uterinos son los tumores no cancerosos más comunes entre las mujeres en edad fértil. Los fibromas son formados por células musculares y otros tejidos que crecen en y alrededor de la pared del útero. Se desconoce su causa. Entre los factores de riesgo están ser de raza afroamericana o el exceso de peso.</p> <p>Muchas mujeres con fibromas uterinos no presentan síntomas. Cuando hay síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li> Menstruaciones abundantes o dolorosas o hemorragia entre los períodos </li> <li> Sensación de "plenitud" en la región baja del abdomen </li> <li> Orinar frecuentemente</li> <li>Dolor durante las relaciones sexuales </li> <li> Dolor en la parte baja de la espalda</li> <li> Problemas reproductivos, como infertilidad, abortos múltiples o parto prematuro</li> </ul> <p>Su médico puede encontrar fibromas durante un examen ginecológico o utilizando pruebas de imagen. El tratamiento incluye medicinas que pueden hacer más lento o detener su crecimiento, o cirugía. Muchas mujeres con fibromas pueden quedar embarazadas en forma natural. Para aquellas que no lo logren, tratamientos para la infertilidad pueden ayudar.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano </p> Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Uterine Fibroids Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Cáncer de útero Enfermedades del útero Histerectomía Dilatación y curetaje Raspaje Útero, Fibroides Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <h3>¿Qué es la fibromialgia?</h3> <p>La fibromialgia es una afección crónica (de larga duración) que causa <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">dolor</a> en todo el cuerpo, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">fatiga</a> y otros síntomas. No tiene cura, pero los tratamientos pueden aliviar los síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la causa de la fibromialgia?</h3> <p>No se conoce la causa exacta de la fibromialgia. Los estudios del cerebro de personas con fibromialgia encontraron que parecen procesar el dolor de manera diferente que aquellas que no la tienen. Pueden sentir dolor cuando otras no lo sienten y también pueden tener una reacción más severa al dolor. </p><p>La fibromialgia puede ser hereditaria, por lo que la genética también puede influir. También pueden estar involucrados otros factores, como tener ciertas enfermedades que causan dolor. </p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de fibromialgia?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener fibromialgia, pero es más común en:</p> <ul> <li>Mujeres: Tienen el doble de probabilidades de tener fibromialgia</li> <li>Personas de edad mediana: La probabilidad de tenerla aumenta con la edad</li> <li>Personas con algunas enfermedades como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html">lupus</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html">artritis reumatoide</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html">osteoartritis</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankylosingspondylitis.html">espondilitis anquilosante</a></li> <li>Personas con algún familiar que tenga fibromialgia</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la fibromialgia?</h3> <p>Los principales síntomas de la fibromialgia son:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor crónico y rigidez en todo el cuerpo: Se suele describir como un malestar doloroso, ardor o punzadas</li> <li>Fatiga y cansancio</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html">Problemas para dormir</a></li> </ul> <p>Otros síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas con el pensamiento, la memoria y la concentración (a veces llamados "fibroniebla" o "fibroneblina")</li> <li>Rigidez muscular y articular</li> <li>Entumecimiento u hormigueo en brazos y piernas</li> <li>Sensibilidad a la luz, el ruido, los olores y la temperatura</li> </ul> <p>Las personas con fibromialgia también tienen más probabilidades de padecer ciertas afecciones, entre ellas:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">Ansiedad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolores de cabeza</a>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html">migrañas</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/irritablebowelsyndrome.html">Síndrome del intestino irritable</a></li> <li>Dolor en la cara o la mandíbula, incluidos los trastornos de la mandíbula conocidos como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/temporomandibulardisorders.html">síndrome de la articulación temporomandibular</a> (ATM)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la fibromialgia?</h3> <p>La fibromialgia puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. En ocasiones se necesita ver a varios profesionales de la salud para obtener un diagnóstico. Una causa de esto es que no existe una prueba específica para ella, y sus principales síntomas, como el dolor y la fatiga, son comunes en muchas otras afecciones. Los profesionales de la salud deben descartar otras causas de los síntomas antes de hacer un diagnóstico de fibromialgia. A esto se le llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/diagnostico-diferencial/">diagnóstico diferencial</a>.</p> <p>Para saber si tiene fibromialgia, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Analizará su historia clínica, incluyendo hacer preguntas detalladas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Hará un examen físico</li> <li>Puede solicitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografías</a> y análisis de sangre para descartar otras afecciones</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se trata la fibromialgia?</h3> <p>No todos los profesionales de la salud conocen en detalle la fibromialgia y su tratamiento. Es importante tener un profesional de la salud o un equipo de profesionales que se especializa en el tratamiento de fibromialgia.</p> <p>No existe cura para la fibromialgia, por lo que el tratamiento se centra en aliviar los síntomas. Los profesionales de la salud suelen utilizar una combinación de tratamientos, incluyendo medicamentos, cambios de estilo de vida, terapia conversacional y tratamientos complementarios:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicinas</strong></li> <ul> <li>Ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">antidepresivos</a> y medicamentos anticonvulsivos, los que pueden ayudar con el dolor y los problemas para dormir</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">Analgésicos</a></li> </ul> <li><strong>Cambios de estilo de vida</strong></li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Dormir bien</a></li> <li>Hacer ejercicio regularmente. Si no ha hecho ejercicio, comience lentamente. Puede que deba ver a un terapeuta físico, que puede ayudarle a crear un plan que sea acorde a sus necesidades</li> <li>Aprender a manejar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a></li> <li>Aprender a tomar las cosas con calma. Si hace demasiado, puede empeorar sus síntomas. Por ello, debe aprender a equilibrar el ser activo con su necesidad de descansar</li> </ul> <li><strong>Terapia conversacional</strong>: Algunas como la terapia cognitiva conductual puede ayudarle a aprender estrategias para lidiar con el dolor, estrés y sus pensamientos negativos. Si además tiene depresión junto a su fibromialgia, la terapia conversacional puede ayudarle</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">Terapias complementarias</a></strong>: Estas han ayudado a algunas personas con los síntomas de la fibromialgia. Sin embargo, investigadores necesitan hacer más estudios para mostrar cuáles son efectivas. Si piensa que le pueden ayudar, converse primero con su profesional de la salud. Estas terapias incluyen:</li> <ul> <li>Meditación de atención plena</li> <li>Biofeedback: Utiliza dispositivos electrónicos para medir funciones corporales como la respiración y la frecuencia cardíaca. Esto enseña a ser más consciente de las funciones de su cuerpo para que pueda aprender a controlarlas</li> <li>Terapias de movimiento como yoga y tai chi</li> <li>Masaje terapéutico</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html">Acupuntura</a></li> </ul></ul> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Fibromyalgia Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Artritis Dolor Enfermedades musculares Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer FMS Fibro <p>Fibromyalgia is chronic (long-lasting) condition that causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">pain</a> all over the body, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a>, and other symptoms. There is no cure, but treatments can help with the symptoms.</p> <h3>What causes fibromyalgia?</h3> <p>The exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown. Studies of the brains of people with fibromyalgia found that they seem to process pain differently than people who don't have it. They may feel pain when others do not, and they may also have a more severe reaction to pain.</p> <p>Fibromyalgia can run in families, so <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/fibromyalgia">genetics</a> may also play a role. Other factors may also be involved, such as having certain diseases that cause pain.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for fibromyalgia?</h3> <p>Anyone can get fibromyalgia, but it is more common in:</p> <ul> <li>Women; they are twice as likely to have fibromyalgia</li> <li>Middle-aged people; your chance of having it increases as you get older</li> <li>People with certain diseases, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html">lupus</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html">osteoarthritis</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ankylosingspondylitis.html">ankylosing spondylitis</a></li> <li>People who have a family member with fibromyalgia</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of fibromyalgia?</h3> <p>The main symptoms of fibromyalgia are:</p> <ul> <li>Chronic (long-lasting) pain and stiffness all over the body. People often describe it as aching, burning, or throbbing.</li> <li>Fatigue and tiredness.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">Trouble sleeping</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Other symptoms may include:</p> <ul> <li>Problems with thinking, memory, and concentration (sometimes called "fibro fog")</li> <li>Muscle and joint stiffness</li> <li>Numbness or tingling in the arms and legs</li> <li>Sensitivity to light, noise, odors, and temperature</li> </ul> <p>People who have fibromyalgia are also more likely to have certain diseases, including:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headaches</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html">migraines</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html">Irritable bowel syndrome</a></li> <li>Pain in the face or jaw, including disorders of the jaw know as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/temporomandibulardisorders.html">temporomandibular joint syndrome</a> (TMJ)</li> </ul> <h3>How is fibromyalgia diagnosed?</h3> <p>Fibromyalgia can be hard to diagnose. It sometimes takes visits to several different health care providers to get a diagnosis. One problem is that there isn't a specific test for it. And the main symptoms, pain and fatigue, are common in many other conditions. Providers have to rule out other causes of the symptoms before making a diagnosis of fibromyalgia. This is called making a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/differential-diagnosis/">differential diagnosis</a>.</p> <p>To find out if you have fibromyalgia, your provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will take your medical history, including asking detailed questions about your symptoms</li> <li>Will do a physical exam</li> <li>May order <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-rays</a> and blood tests to rule out other conditions</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for fibromyalgia?</h3> <p>Not all providers are familiar with fibromyalgia and its treatment. You should see a provider or team of providers who specialize in the treatment of fibromyalgia.</p> <p>There is no cure for fibromyalgia, so treatment focuses on relieving the symptoms. Providers usually use a combination of treatments, including medicines, lifestyle changes, talk therapy, and complementary therapies:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicines</strong></li> <ul> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">antidepressants</a> and anti-seizure medicines, which may help with pain or sleep problems.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">Pain relievers</a>.</li> </ul> <li><strong>Lifestyle changes</strong></li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">Getting enough sleep</a>.</li> <li>Getting regular physical activity. If you have not already been active, start slowly and gradually increase how much activity you get. You may want to see a physical therapist, who can help you create a plan that is right for you.</li> <li>Learning how to manage <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>.</li> <li>Learning to pace yourself. If you do too much, it can make your symptoms worse. So you need to learn to balance being active with your need for rest.</li> </ul> <li><strong>Talk therapy</strong>, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), can help you learn strategies to deal with pain, stress, and negative thoughts. If you also have depression along with your fibromyalgia, talk therapy can help with that too.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">Complementary therapies</a></strong> have helped some people with the symptoms of fibromyalgia. But researchers need to do more studies to show which ones are effective. You could consider trying them, but you should check with your provider first. These therapies include:</li> <ul> <li>Mindfulness meditation.</li> <li>Biofeedback, which uses electronic devices to measure body functions such as breathing and heart rate. This teaches you to be more aware of your body functions so you can learn to control them.</li> <li>Movement therapies such as yoga and tai chi.</li> <li>Massage therapy.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html">Acupuncture</a>.</li> </ul> </ul> Bones, Joints and Muscles Fibromialgia Fibromyalgia Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Arthritis Muscle Disorders Pain NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Teenagers American College of Rheumatology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles <p>La fibrosis pulmonar es una afección en donde el tejido profundo de sus pulmones se va cicatrizando. Esto hace que el tejido se vuelva grueso y duro. Esto dificulta recuperar el aliento y es posible que la sangre no reciba suficiente oxígeno. </p> <p>Las causas de la fibrosis pulmonar incluyen contaminantes ambientales, algunos medicamentos, enfermedades del tejido conectivo o la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (grupo de enfermedades que causan inflamación o cicatrización en los pulmones) pero en la mayoría de los casos, no se encuentra una causa. Esto se llama fibrosis pulmonar idiopática. </p> <p>Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li>Dificultad para respirar</li> <li>Una tos entrecortada y seca que no mejora</li> <li>Cansancio</li> <li>Pérdida de peso sin razón aparente</li> <li>Dolores en los músculos y en las articulaciones</li> <li>Acropaquia o dedos en palillo de tambor (clubbing, en inglés; en esta afección, las puntas de los dedos de las manos y los pies se agrandan y las uñas se curvan)</li> </ul> <p>Su doctor puede usar su historia clínica, pruebas por imágenes, una biopsia y/o pruebas de la función de los pulmones para diagnosticar la fibrosis pulmonar. No existe una cura. Los tratamientos se centran en aliviar los síntomas y mejorar la calidad de vida. Estos incluyen medicamentos, terapia con oxígeno, rehabilitación pulmonar o trasplante de pulmón. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Pulmonary Fibrosis Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial Rehabilitación pulmonar Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad hereditaria de las glándulas mucosas y sudoríparas. Afecta principalmente los pulmones, el páncreas, el hígado, los intestinos, los senos paranasales y los órganos sexuales. La fibrosis quística hace que la mucosidad sea espesa y pegajosa. Esta mucosidad tapa los pulmones, causando problemas para respirar y facilitando el crecimiento de bacterias. Esto puede provocar infecciones pulmonares repetidas y daños pulmonares. </p> <p>Los síntomas y la severidad de la fibrosis quística pueden variar. Algunas personas tienen problemas serios desde el nacimiento. Otras pueden tener un tipo más leve de la enfermedad que no se manifiesta hasta la adolescencia o al inicio de la edad adulta. A veces se tienen pocos síntomas, pero más tarde es posible tener más. </p> <p>La fibrosis quística se diagnostica a través de varias pruebas, tales como genes, sangre y pruebas de sudor. No existe cura, pero los tratamientos han mejorado mucho en los últimos años. En el pasado, la mayoría de las muertes por fibrosis quística eran niños y adolescentes. Hoy en día, con la mejora de los tratamientos, algunas personas con fibrosis quística viven pasados los cuarenta, cincuenta años o más. Los tratamientos pueden incluir terapia física para el pecho, terapias nutricionales y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">respiratorias</a>, medicinas y ejercicio.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Genética y defectos congénitos Cystic Fibrosis Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Rehabilitación pulmonar Terapia con oxígeno Trasplante de pulmón Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Calentura Temperatura alta <p>La fiebre es una temperatura del cuerpo más elevada de lo normal. Una temperatura normal puede variar de persona a persona, pero generalmente es alrededor de 98.6 ºF o 37 ºC. La fiebre no es una enfermedad. Por lo general, es una señal de que su cuerpo está tratando de combatir una enfermedad o infección.</p> <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html">infecciones</a> causan la mayoría de las fiebres. Tiene fiebre porque su cuerpo está tratando de matar el virus o las bacterias que causaron la infección. La mayoría de estas bacterias y virus sobreviven bien cuando su cuerpo está a su temperatura normal. Pero si tiene fiebre, es más difícil para ellos sobrevivir. La fiebre también activa el sistema inmunitario de su cuerpo.</p> <p>Otras causas de la fiebre incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Medicinas, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicinas para la presión arterial</a> y medicinas anticonvulsivas </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heatillness.html">Enfermedades por el calor </a> </li> <li> Cánceres </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">Enfermedades autoinmunes</a> </li> <li>Algunas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html">vacunas para niños</a> </li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento depende de la causa de la fiebre. Si la fiebre es muy alta, su profesional de la salud puede recomendarle tomar medicinas de venta libre como el acetaminofén o el ibuprofén. Los adultos también pueden tomar aspirina, pero los niños con fiebre no deben tomar aspirina. También es importante beber suficientes líquidos para prevenir la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratación</a>.</p> Infecciones Síntomas Fever Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Coccidioidomicosis Fiebre del valle San Joaquín <p>La Fiebre del Valle es una enfermedad causada por un hongo (o moho) llamado Coccidioides. Estos hongos viven en el suelo de las zonas áridas como el suroeste de los EE.UU. Se puede contraer al inhalar (aspirar) las esporas del hongo. La infección no se contagia de persona a persona. </p> <p>Cualquier persona puede contraer la infección pero las personas mayores, en especial aquellas de más de 60 años corren mayor riesgo. También están a mayor riesgo las personas que se hayan mudado recientemente a un área donde se encuentre el hongo. Otras personas con alto riesgo son:</p><ul> <li>Personas cuyos trabajos los exponen al polvo del suelo. Estos incluyen a los trabajadores de la construcción, trabajadores agrícolas y las fuerzas militares que realizan entrenamiento de campo</li> <li>Afroamericanos y asiáticos</li> <li>Mujeres en su tercer trimestre de embarazo</li> <li>Personas con un sistema inmunitario debilitado</li> </ul> <p>La Fiebre del Valle suele ser leve, sin síntomas. Si usted tiene síntomas, éstos pueden parecerse a los de la gripe, con fiebre, tos, dolor de cabeza, erupción cutánea y dolor muscular. La mayoría de las personas se recuperan en varias semanas o meses. Unas pocas personas quizás desarrollen una enfermedad pulmonar crónica o una infección generalizada. </p> <p>La Fiebre del Valle se diagnostica mediante pruebas de sangre o de otros líquidos corporales o de tejidos. Muchas personas con la infección aguda se recuperan sin tratamiento. En algunos casos, los médicos pueden recetar medicamentos antimicóticos (antifúngicos) para las infecciones agudas. Las infecciones graves requieren fármacos antifúngicos. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Valley Fever Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones por hongos Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>Las fiebres hemorrágicas virales son un grupo de enfermedades causadas por cuatro familias de virus. Entre ellos se encuentran los virus del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ebola.html">Ebola</a> y Marburg, el virus de la fiebre de Lassa y el virus de la fiebre amarilla. Estas fiebres tienen características comunes: afectan muchos órganos, lesionan los vasos sanguíneos y alteran la capacidad del organismo para auto-regularse. Algunas de estas fiebres hemorrágicas causan una enfermedad leve, pero otras, como las causadas por los virus Ebola o Marburg, causan enfermedades graves y muerte. </p> <p>Las fiebres hemorrágicas virales se encuentran en todo el mundo. Las enfermedades específicas suelen estar limitadas a zonas donde viven los animales que las transmiten. Por ejemplo, la fiebre de Lassa se limita a las zonas rurales del oeste de África, donde hay ratas y ratones portadores del virus. </p> <p>El riesgo para las personas que viajan es bajo, pero deben evitar visitar zonas donde hay brotes de la enfermedad. Dado que no existen tratamientos eficaces para algunas de estas infecciones virales, existe preocupación por su uso en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html">bioterrorismo</a>.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Hemorrhagic Fevers Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Biodefensa y bioterrorismo Dengue Ebola Infecciones virales Fiebre del Valle del Rift Marburgo, Fiebre hemorrágica Valle del Rift, Fiebre del Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud del Estado de Washington PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Erythema infectiosum Parvovirus B19 infection <h3>What is fifth disease?</h3> <p>Fifth disease, also called erythema infectiosum, is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viral infection</a> caused by parvovirus B19. This virus only infects people; it's not the same type of parvovirus that dogs and cats can get.</p> <p>Fifth disease mostly affects children. It often causes a bright red <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rash</a> on their cheeks (sometimes called a "slapped cheek" rash).</p> <p>In the United States, parvovirus B19 infections are more common in late winter, spring, and early summer. There are usually minor outbreaks of fifth disease about every 3 to 4 years.</p> <h3>What causes fifth disease?</h3> <p>Parvovirus B19, which causes fifth disease, can spread from person to person:</p> <ul> <li>Through respiratory droplets, such as saliva (spit), sputum, or nasal mucus. The droplets can spread when: <ul> <li>Someone who has the virus coughs and sneezes</li> <li>You touch an item that has the virus on it</li> </ul> </li> <li>Through blood or blood products</li> <li>From a pregnant parent to the baby <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">during pregnancy</a></li> </ul> <p>You are most contagious early in your infection, when you usually only have a fever or cold-like symptoms. You are not likely to be contagious after you get later symptoms such as a rash and joint pain.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of fifth disease?</h3> <p>About 2 out of 10 people who get a B19 parvovirus infection will have no symptoms.</p> <p>But most people will get the symptoms of fifth disease, which are usually mild and can include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">Cough</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html">Sore throat</a></li> <li>Rashes</li> <li>Joint pain</li> </ul> <p>The "slapped cheek" rash is more common in children. They usually get the rash a few days after they first have other symptoms. The rash can then spread to the arms, legs, chest, back, and buttocks.</p> <p>Adults who get fifth disease might also have joint pain and swelling (called polyarthropathy syndrome).</p> <p>Sometimes the infection can cause serious health complications affecting the nerves, joints, or blood system. This is more likely to happen if you are pregnant, have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html">blood disorder</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>, or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">weakened immune system</a>.</p> <p>Because of these risks to you and some possible risks to your baby, contact your health care provider if you are pregnant and:</p> <ul> <li>You show signs of fifth disease (or a "slapped cheek" rash)</li> <li>You may have been exposed to someone who has the infection</li> </ul> <h3>How is fifth disease diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no routine lab test to diagnose fifth disease. Providers can often diagnose fifth disease just by seeing the "slapped cheek" rash and rashes on the body.</p> <p>There is testing to show whether or not you have protection (immunity) against the B19 parvovirus or if you have had a recent infection. This test is usually not needed, but your provider may order the test if you are pregnant or at higher risk for complications of the disease.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for fifth disease?</h3> <p>There is no specific treatment for fifth disease. It is usually mild and goes away on its own.</p> <p>To feel better, get plenty of rest. Taking acetaminophen can help with the fever and pain. Do not give aspirin to children, because it may cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reyesyndrome.html">Reye syndrome</a>. This is a rare, serious illness that can affect the brain and liver.</p> <h3>Can fifth disease be prevented?</h3> <p>There is no vaccine to prevent fifth disease. But you can help protect yourself and others by:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">Washing your hands</a> often with soap and water</li> <li>Covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze</li> <li>Avoiding touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands</li> <li>Avoiding close contact with people who are sick</li> <li>Staying home when you are sick</li> </ul> <p>Most people become immune to the virus after having it once.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Children and Teenagers Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Quinta enfermedad Erythema Infectiosum Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Erythema Infectiosum Parvovirus B19 Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More VisualDX Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Organization of Teratology Information Specialists PDF Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles <p> Health care can be costly. If you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthinsurance.html">health insurance</a>, it usually pays at least part of your medical costs. If you don't have insurance or need help with costs that aren't covered, financial assistance might be available. Certain government programs and nonprofit organizations can help. You can also discuss concerns about paying your medical bills with your health care provider, social worker or the business office of your clinic or hospital. </p> Social/Family Issues Health System Asistencia económica Medical Assistance Spanish Health Insurance Medicaid Medicare Children Social Security Administration Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Social Security Administration Specifics Social Security Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Cancer Society Start Here General Services Administration Find an Expert Health Resources and Services Administration Specifics National Organization for Rare Disorders Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Journal Articles Specifics Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America Specifics American Cancer Society Specifics Department of Health and Human Services <p>You use your fingers and thumbs to do everything from grasping objects to playing musical instruments to typing. When there is something wrong with them, it can make life difficult. Common problems include:</p><ul> <li>Injuries that result in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fractures</a> (broken bones), ruptured ligaments and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html">dislocations</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoarthritis</a> - wear-and-tear arthritis. It can also cause deformity.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html">Tendinitis</a> - irritation of the tendons</li> <li>Dupuytren's contracture - a hereditary thickening of the tough tissue that lies just below the skin of your palm. It causes the fingers to stiffen and bend.</li> <li>Trigger finger - an irritation of the sheath that surrounds the flexor tendons. It can cause the tendon to catch and release like a trigger.</li> </ul> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos Finger Injuries Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Hand Injuries and Disorders Nail Diseases Raynaud Phenomenon Dupuytren Contracture Thumb Injuries Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons PDF Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Fire prevention <p>Preventing fires is an important part of fire safety. In the United States, cooking is the main cause of home fires. Cigarettes are a big risk too - they are the leading cause of fire deaths. Here are some fire prevention tips:</p> <ul> <li>Don't leave the stove or oven unattended when they are on</li> <li>Don't let children use kitchen appliances unsupervised</li> <li>Don't smoke in bed</li> <li>Make sure your electrical appliances and cords are in good condition</li> </ul> <p>It is also important to be prepared in case there is a fire. Make sure that you have working smoke detectors on every floor and in every bedroom. You should also have fire extinguishers on every floor and in your kitchen. Make and practice an escape plan in case the main exit is blocked.</p> Safety Issues Seguridad contra incendios Fires Safety Spanish Burns Wildfires Learn More American Red Cross PDF Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Learn More Consumer Product Safety Commission Learn More National Fire Protection Association Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More National Fire Protection Association Learn More Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Learn More United States Fire Administration <p>Accidents happen. Someone <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/choking.html">chokes</a> on an ice cube or gets <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html">stung</a> by a bee. It is important to know when to call 911 -- it is for life-threatening emergencies. While waiting for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emergencymedicalservices.html">help</a> to arrive, you may be able to save someone's life. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cpr.html">CPR</a>) is for people whose hearts or breathing has stopped and the Heimlich maneuver is for people who are choking.</p> <p>You can also learn to handle common <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html">injuries and wounds</a>. Cuts and scrapes, for example, should be rinsed with cool water. To stop bleeding, apply firm but gentle pressure, using gauze. If blood soaks through, add more gauze, keeping the first layer in place. Continue to apply pressure. </p> <p>It is important to have a first aid kit available. Keep one at home and one in your car. It should include a first-aid guide. Read the guide to learn how to use the items, so you are ready in case an emergency happens.</p> Injuries and Wounds Safety Issues Primeros auxilios First Aid Amharic Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese Animal Bites Burns Choking CPR Disaster Preparation and Recovery Emergency Medical Services Foreign Bodies Heat Illness Hypothermia Insect Bites and Stings Shock Accidents Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Emergency Physicians Find an Expert American Red Cross Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Emergency Physicians Start Here Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Eye Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Emergency Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics VisualDX Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation <p>A fistula is an abnormal connection between two parts inside of the body. Fistulas may develop between different organs, such as between the esophagus and the windpipe or the bowel and the vagina. They can also develop between two blood vessels, such as between an artery and a vein or between two arteries.</p> <p>Some people are born with a fistula. Other common causes of fistulas include:</p><ul> <li>Complications from surgery</li> <li>Injury</li> <li>Infection</li> <li>Diseases, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html">Crohn's disease</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html">ulcerative colitis</a></li> </ul> <p>Treatment depends on the cause of the fistula, where it is, and how bad it is. Some fistulas will close on their own. In some cases, you may need antibiotics and/or surgery.</p> Digestive System Lungs and Breathing Fístulas Fistula Spanish Find an Expert American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Specifics American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Video Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics Vestibular Disorders Association Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <p>Floods are common in the United States. Weather such as heavy rain, thunderstorms, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hurricanes.html">hurricanes</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tsunamis.html">tsunamis</a> can cause flooding. Flooding can also happen when a river or stream overflows its bank, when a levee is breached, or when a dam breaks. Flash floods, which can develop quickly, often have a dangerous wall of roaring water. The wall carries rocks, mud, and rubble and can sweep away most things in its path.</p> <p>Be aware of flood hazards no matter where you live, but especially if you live in a low-lying area, near water or downstream from a dam. Although there are no guarantees of safety during a flood, you can take actions to protect yourself. You should have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">disaster plan</a>. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html">ways to cope</a>.</p> <p class="">Federal Emergency Management Agency</p> Disasters Inundaciones Floods Arabic Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Nepali Russian Serbo-Croatian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Vietnamese Natural Disasters Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More Federal Emergency Management Agency Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Journal Articles Grippe Influenza Seasonal flu <h3>What is the flu?</h3> <p>The flu, also called influenza, is a respiratory infection caused by viruses. Each year, millions of Americans get sick with the flu. Sometimes it causes mild illness. But it can also be serious or even deadly, especially for people over 65, newborn babies, and people with certain chronic illnesses.</p> <h3>What causes the flu?</h3> <p>The flu is caused by flu viruses that spread from person to person. When someone with the flu coughs, sneezes, or talks, they spray tiny droplets. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby. Less often, a person may get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or possibly their eyes.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of the flu?</h3> <p>Symptoms of the flu come on suddenly and may include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a> or feeling feverish/chills</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">Cough</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html">Sore throat</a></li> <li>Runny or stuffy nose</li> <li>Muscle or body aches</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headaches</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a> (tiredness)</li> </ul> <p>Some people may also have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">vomiting</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>. This is more common in children.</p> <p>Sometimes people have trouble figuring out whether they have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">cold</a> or the flu. There are differences between them:</p> <table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="90%"> <thead> <tr> <th>Signs and Symptoms</th> <th>Cold</th> <th>Flu</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Start of symptoms</td> <td>Slowly</td> <td>Suddenly</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Fever</td> <td>Rarely</td> <td>Usually</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Aches</td> <td>Sometimes (slight)</td> <td>Usually</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Fatigue, weakness</td> <td>Sometimes</td> <td>Usually</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Headache</td> <td>Rarely</td> <td>Common</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Stuffy nose, sneezing, or sore throat</td> <td>Common</td> <td>Sometimes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br/>Sometimes people say that they have a "flu" when they really have something else. For example, "stomach flu" isn't the flu; it's <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html">gastroenteritis</a>.</p> <h3>What other problems can the flu cause?</h3> <p>Some people who get the flu will develop complications. Some of these complications can be serious or even life-threatening. They include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html">Bronchitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html">Ear infection</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html">Sinus infection</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">Pneumonia</a></li> <li>Inflammation of the heart (myocarditis), brain (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html">encephalitis</a>), or muscle tissues (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/myositis.html">myositis</a>, rhabdomyolysis)</li> </ul> <p>The flu also can make chronic health problems worse. For example, people with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">asthma</a> may have asthma attacks while they have flu.</p> <p>Certain people are more likely to have complications from the flu, including:</p><ul> <li>Adults 65 and older</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">Pregnant women</a></li> <li>Children younger than 5</li> <li>People with certain chronic health conditions, such as asthma, diabetes, and heart disease</li> </ul> <h3>How is the flu diagnosed?</h3> <p>To diagnose the flu, health care providers will first do a medical history and ask about your symptoms. There are several <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/flu-influenza-test/">tests for the flu</a>. For the tests, your provider will swipe the inside of your nose or the back of your throat with a swab. Then the swab will be tested for the flu virus.</p> <p>Some tests are quick and give results in 15-20 minutes. But these tests are not as accurate as other flu tests. These other tests can give you the results in one hour or several hours.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for the flu?</h3> <p>Most people with the flu recover on their own without medical care. People with mild cases of the flu should stay home and avoid contact with others, except to get medical care.</p> <p>But if you have symptoms of flu and are in a high risk group or are very sick or worried about your illness, contact your health care provider. You might need antiviral medicines to treat your flu. Antiviral medicines can make the illness milder and shorten the time you are sick. They also can prevent serious flu complications. They usually work best when you start taking them within 2 days of getting sick.</p> <h3>Can the flu be prevented?</h3> <p>The best way to prevent the flu is to get a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html">flu vaccine</a> every year. But it's also important to have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">good health habits</a> like covering your cough and washing your hands often. This can help stop the spread of germs and prevent the flu.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Lungs and Breathing Gripe Influenza, Human Amharic Arabic Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Hmong Japanese Karen Khmer Korean Lao Nepali Oromo Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Ukrainian Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Bird Flu Common Cold Flu Shot H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) Viral Infections Grippe Influenza Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Lung Association Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Older Adults Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children American Academy of Pediatrics Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Health Check Tools Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images Immunization Action Coalition Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Family Physicians Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Flu vaccine <h3>What is the flu?</h3> <p>The <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a> (influenza) is a respiratory infection. It is caused by influenza viruses that infect your nose, throat, and lungs. These viruses can spread from person to person.</p> <p>Most people with the flu get better on their own, without medical care. But for some people, the flu is serious. It can cause complications and sometimes even death. People who are 65 and older, under age 5, pregnant, or have certain health conditions are at higher risk of flu complications.</p> <p>Getting vaccinated against the flu each year is best way to lower your risk of the flu and its complications.</p> <h3>What are the benefits of getting a flu shot?</h3> <p>There are many reasons to get a flu shot each year:</p> <ul> <li>It may keep you from getting sick with the flu.</li> <li>If you do get the flu, it may be less severe. You may also be less likely to have complications or need to be hospitalized with the flu.</li> <li>If you have certain chronic health conditions, getting a flu shot may help prevent the flu from making your condition worse. For example, if you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, the flu can worsen your condition so much that you might need to be hospitalized. Getting a flu shot can lower this risk.</li> <li>Getting the vaccine during pregnancy not only helps protect you from the flu during and after pregnancy. It also helps protect your baby from flu during their first few months of life.</li> <li>It has been shown to lower the risk of severe life-threatening flu in children.</li> <li>It may also protect the people around you, including those who are at higher risk of complications.</li> </ul> <h3>How do flu shots work?</h3> <p>The flu vaccine causes your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> to make antibodies about two weeks after you get the shot. These antibodies provide protection against infection with the flu viruses that are in the vaccine.</p> <h3>Who needs a flu shot?</h3> <p>The U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends annual flu shots for everyone 6 months and older, with a few rare exceptions.</p> <p>Flu shots are especially important for people who are at high risk of developing serious complications from the flu.</p> <p>There are different types of flu vaccines. There are injectable vaccines (shots) and nasal spray vaccines. There are also some vaccines especially for people 65 and older. Ask your health care provider which one is right for you.</p> <h3>Who should not get a flu shot?</h3> <p>There are some people who should not get a flu shot:</p> <ul> <li>Children younger than 6 months of age.</li> <li>Have severe, life-threatening allergies to flu vaccine or any ingredient in the vaccine. This might include gelatin, antibiotics, or other ingredients.</li> </ul> <p>Some people need to talk to their provider before they get a flu shot. They include people who:</p> <ul> <li>Have an allergy to any of the ingredients in the vaccine.</li> <li>Have ever had <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/guillainbarresyndrome.html">Guillain-Barre syndrome</a>(GBS). Some people with a history of GBS should not get a flu vaccine.</li> </ul> <p>If you are moderately or severely ill, you usually need to wait until you recover before getting a flu shot.</p> <h3>Why do I need a flu shot every year?</h3> <p>You need to get a flu shot every year because:</p> <ul> <li>Your immune protection from the vaccine declines over time. You need to get the shot every year to boost that protection.</li> <li>Flu viruses are constantly changing, so every year, the flu vaccine is updated. The flu vaccine will include protection against the viruses that will most likely be common during the upcoming flu season.</li> </ul> <h3>When should I get the flu shot?</h3> <p>For most people who need only one dose of the flu vaccine for the season, September and October are usually good times to get it. It's best to be vaccinated by the end of October.</p> <p>Some children need two doses of the flu vaccine. They should get their first dose as soon as the vaccine is available. They need to get the second dose at least four weeks after the first.</p> <p>If you are pregnant, talk to your provider about when to get the vaccine. When you should get it can vary, based on how far along you are in your pregnancy.</p> <h3>Do flu shots cause side effects?</h3> <p>Flu vaccines have been shown to be safe. But like any medical product, they can cause side effects. If you have any side effects, they are usually mild and go away on their own within a few days. Common side effects include:</p> <ul> <li>Soreness, redness, and/or swelling from the shot</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea</a></li> <li>Muscle aches</li> </ul> <p>The flu shot, like other injections, can occasionally cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html">fainting</a>. In rare cases, some people have a serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">allergic reaction</a>.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Immune System Vacuna para la gripe Influenza Vaccines Amharic Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Chuukese Dari Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Ilocano Indonesian Italian Japanese Karen Khmer Kinyarwanda Korean Marshallese Nepali Oromo Pashto Polish Portuguese Punjabi Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Tigrinya Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Flu Vaccines Influenza Vaccine Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Specifics Food and Drug Administration Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Cancer Society Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation <h3>What are electrolytes?</h3> <p>Electrolytes are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">minerals</a> that have an electric charge when they are dissolved in water or body fluids, including blood. The electric charge can be positive or negative. You have electrolytes in your blood, urine (pee), tissues, and other body fluids.</p> <p>Electrolytes are important because they help:</p> <ul> <li>Balance the amount of water in your body</li> <li>Balance your body's acid/base (pH) level</li> <li>Move nutrients into your cells</li> <li>Move wastes out of your cells</li> <li>Support your muscle and nerve function</li> <li>Keep your heart rate and rhythm steady</li> <li>Keep your blood pressure stable</li> <li>Keep your bones and teeth healthy</li> </ul> <h3>What are the different types of electrolytes in your body?</h3> <p>The main electrolytes in your body include:</p> <ul> <li>Bicarbonate, which helps maintain the body's acid and base balance (pH). It also plays an important role in moving carbon dioxide through the bloodstream.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">Calcium</a>, which helps make and keep bones and teeth strong.</li> <li>Chloride, which also helps control the amount of fluid in the body. In addition, it helps maintain healthy blood volume and blood pressure.</li> <li>Magnesium, which helps your muscles, nerves, and heart work properly. It also helps control blood pressure and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood glucose</a> (blood sugar).</li> <li>Phosphate, which works together with calcium to build strong bones and teeth.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html">Potassium</a>, which helps your cells, heart, and muscles work properly.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">Sodium</a>, which helps control the amount of fluid in the body. It also helps your nerves and muscles work properly.</li> </ul> <p>You get these electrolytes from the foods you eat and the fluids you drink.</p> <h3>What is an electrolyte imbalance?</h3> <p>An electrolyte imbalance means that the level of one or more electrolytes in your body is too low or too high. It can happen when the amount of water in your body changes. The amount of water that you take in should equal the amount you lose. If something upsets this balance, you may have too little water (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydration</a>) or too much water (overhydration). Some of the more common reasons why you might have an imbalance of the water in your body include: </p> <ul> <li>Certain medicines</li> <li>Severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">vomiting</a> and/or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a></li> <li>Heavy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html">sweating</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney</a> problems</li> <li>Not drinking enough fluids, especially when doing intense exercise or when the weather is very hot</li> <li>Drinking too much water</li> </ul> <h3>What are the different types of electrolyte imbalances?</h3> <p>The names of the different types of electrolyte imbalances are:</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Names of different types of electrolyte imbalances" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Electrolyte</th> <th scope="col">Too low</th> <th scope="col">Too high</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Bicarbonate</td> <td>Acidosis</td> <td>Alkalosis</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Calcium</td> <td>Hypocalcemia</td> <td>Hypercalcemia</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Chloride</td> <td>Hypochloremia</td> <td>Hyperchloremia</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Magnesium</td> <td>Hypomagnesemia</td> <td>Hypermagnesemia</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Phosphate</td> <td>Hypophosphatemia</td> <td>Hyperphosphatemia</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Potassium</td> <td>Hypokalemia</td> <td>Hyperkalemia</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Sodium</td> <td>Hyponatremia</td> <td>Hypernatremia</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <h3>How are electrolyte imbalances diagnosed?</h3> <p>A test called an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrolyte-panel/">electrolyte panel</a> can check the levels of your body's main electrolytes. A related test, the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anion-gap-blood-test/">anion gap blood test</a>, checks whether your electrolytes are out of balance or if your blood is too acidic or not acidic enough.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for electrolyte imbalances?</h3> <p>The treatment for an electrolyte imbalance depends on which electrolytes are out of balance, if there is too little or too many, and what is causing the imbalance. In minor cases, you may just need to make some changes to your diet. In other cases, you may need other treatments. For example:</p> <ul> <li>If you don't have enough of an electrolyte, you may get electrolyte replacement therapy. This involves giving you more of that electrolyte. It could be a medicine or supplement that you swallow or drink, or it may be given intravenously (by IV).</li> <li>If you have too much of an electrolyte, your provider may give you medicines or fluids (by mouth or by IV) to help remove that electrolyte from your body. In severe cases, you may need <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">dialysis</a> to filter out the electrolyte.</li> </ul> Food and Nutrition Equilibrio hidroelectrolítico Water-Electrolyte Balance Water-Electrolyte Imbalance Spanish Dehydration Electrolytes Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Una fobia es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">trastorno de ansiedad</a>. Es un temor fuerte e irracional de algo que representa poco o ningún peligro real. </p> <p>Existen muchos tipos de fobias. La acrofobia es el temor a las alturas. La agorafobia es el temor a los lugares públicos y la claustrofobia es el temor a los espacios cerrados. Si se siente ansioso e inseguro de las situaciones sociales cotidianas, usted podría tener una fobia social. Otras fobias comunes incluyen los túneles, conducir en autopistas, el agua, volar, los animales y la sangre. </p> <p>Las personas con fobias intentan evitar lo que les provoca miedo. Si eso no es posible, pueden sentir:</p> <ul> <li>Pánico y miedo</li> <li>Taquicardia, cuando el corazón late muy rápido</li> <li>Falta de aire</li> <li>Temblores</li> <li>Un fuerte deseo de huir</li> </ul> <p>En general, las fobias comienzan en la niñez o en la adolescencia y continúan durante la edad adulta. Las causas de las fobias no se comprenden bien todavía pero sí se sabe que a veces pueden ser hereditarias.</p> <p>El tratamiento ayuda a la mayoría de las personas con fobias. Entre las opciones se encuentran medicamentos, psicoterapia o ambas. </p> <p class=""> </p> Salud mental y conducta Phobias Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Ansiedad Trastorno de pánico Ansiedad social Fobia Social Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Folacin Folate Pteroylglutamic acid Vitamin B9 <p>Folic acid is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html">B vitamin</a>. It helps the body make healthy new cells. Everyone needs folic acid. For women who may get pregnant, it is really important. Getting enough folic acid before and during pregnancy can prevent major birth <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html">defects</a> of her baby's brain or spine. </p> <p>Foods with folic acid in them include:</p><ul> <li>Leafy green vegetables</li> <li>Fruits</li> <li>Dried beans, peas, and nuts</li> <li>Enriched breads, cereals and other grain products</li> </ul> <p>If you don't get enough folic acid from the foods you eat, you can also take it as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html">dietary supplement</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements</p> Food and Nutrition Ácido fólico Folic Acid Deficiency Folic Acid Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Vitamins Folate Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH <h3>What is a food allergy?</h3> <p>A food <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">allergy</a> is an abnormal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> reaction to certain foods. Your immune system normally protects you from germs. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly reacts to certain foods as if they were harmful. This reaction is usually mild. But in some cases, it can be serious or even life-threatening.</p> <p>A food intolerance is different than a food allergy. If you have a food intolerance, you also have symptoms when you eat that food. But these are typically just digestive symptoms such as bloating and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html">gas</a>. Also, an intolerance is not an immune system reaction.</p> <p>Most food allergies are caused by:</p> <ul> <li>Cow's milk</li> <li>Chicken eggs</li> <li>Crustacean shellfish, such as shrimp, crab, lobster, and crayfish</li> <li>Fish</li> <li>Peanuts</li> <li>Sesame</li> <li>Soy</li> <li>Tree nuts, such as almonds, walnuts, pecans</li> <li>Wheat</li> </ul> <p>People with a food allergy may be allergic to more than one type of food.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop a food allergy?</h3> <p>Both children and adults can have food allergies. Some children will outgrow their food allergies. And sometimes people can develop food allergies as adult.</p> <p>Certain factors can make you more likely to have a food allergy. They include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html">eczema</a></strong>, a disease that causes inflammation, redness, and irritation of the skin. Your immune system also plays a role in eczema.</li> <li><strong>Having asthma or other allergies</strong>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hayfever.html">hay fever</a>.</li> <li><strong>Your genes.</strong> Certain genes may influence the development of food allergies. And you are more likely to have food allergies if someone in your family has allergies, asthma, or eczema.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of food allergies?</h3> <p>If you are allergic to a food you have eaten, you may have a variety of symptoms. These symptoms are not always the same for every person. And the symptoms that you get each time you eat the food may not always be the same. For example, your symptoms may sometimes depend on how much of the food you ate.</p> <p>Food allergy symptoms usually start within a few minutes to two hours after you eat that food. They may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hives.html">Hives</a></li> <li>Flushed skin or rash</li> <li>Tingling or itchy sensation in the mouth</li> <li>Face, tongue, or lip swelling</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vomiting</a> and/or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a></li> <li>Abdominal (belly) cramps</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">Coughing</a> or wheezing</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a> and/or lightheadedness</li> <li>Swelling of the throat and vocal cords</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Trouble breathing</a></li> </ul> <p>In rare cases, a food allergy can cause a life-threatening reaction called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html">anaphylaxis</a>. It may start out with some milder symptoms, but then it becomes more serious. It can lead to:</p> <ul> <li>Narrowed airways in the lungs</li> <li>Severe trouble breathing because of swelling in the throat </li> <li>Severe lowering of blood pressure and shock ("anaphylactic shock")</li> <li>Loss of consciousness</li> </ul> <p>This is a medical emergency. Call 911 if someone is having the symptoms of anaphylaxis.</p> <h3>How are food allergies diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have a food allergy, your health care provider will</p> <ul> <li>Ask about your symptoms, family health history, and medical history, including other allergies.</li> <li>Likely do a physical exam.</li> <li>Do food <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/food-allergy-testing/">allergy testing</a>. This could involve skin testing, blood testing, a food elimination diet, and/or an oral food challenge test. An oral food challenge test is the most accurate food allergy test.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for food allergies?</h3> <p>There is no cure for food allergies. The only way to prevent a reaction is to avoid eating the food that you are allergic to.</p> <p>There are medicines for people with food allergies. They include:</p> <ul> <li>Medicines to reduce food allergy symptoms, including antihistamines and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">corticosteroids</a>.</li> <li>Medicines to reduce allergic reactions, including severe reactions.</li> <li>Epinephrine, a medicine to treat anaphylaxis. Your provider may give you a prescription for an epinephrine auto-injector. It is a device used to inject epinephrine when someone is having symptoms of anaphylaxis. If you have been prescribed one, it's important to learn how to use it and to carry it with you at all times.</li> </ul> <p>If you have a food allergy, it's a good idea to have a medical alert bracelet that says what your allergy is.</p> Immune System Food and Nutrition Alergia a los alimentos Food Hypersensitivity Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Allergy Anaphylaxis Celiac Disease Lactose Intolerance Allergy, Food Egg Allergy Milk Allergy Nut Allergy Peanut Allergy Shellfish Allergy Wheat Allergy Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children American Academy of Pediatrics Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Living With Food Allergy Research & Education Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Living With Food Allergy Research & Education Specifics Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research Food Allergy Research & Education Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Food Allergy Research & Education Children Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Start Here American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Statistics and Research National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Start Here Food Allergy Research & Education Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Living With Food and Drug Administration Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine Video NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Living With Food Allergy Research & Education Living With Food Allergy Research & Education PDF Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Food Allergy Research & Education Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Food Allergy Research & Education Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Jewish Health Treatments and Therapies Food Allergy Research & Education Specifics Food Allergy Research & Education Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Food Allergy Research & Education Living With Food Allergy Research & Education Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Living With Food Allergy Research & Education Living With Food Allergy Research & Education Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Food Allergy Research & Education Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics Food Allergy Research & Education Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Nutrition labeling <p>All packaged foods and beverages in the United States have food labels. These "Nutrition Facts" labels can help you make smarter food choices and eat a healthy diet. </p><p>Before you read the food label, you should know a few things:</p><ul> <li><strong>Serving size</strong> is based on how much people usually eat and drink at one time</li> <li><strong>Number of servings</strong> tells you how many servings are in the container. Some labels will give you information about calories and nutrients for both the whole package and each serving size. But many labels just tell you that information for each serving size. You need to think about the serving size when you decide how much to eat or drink. For example, if a bottle of juice has two servings and you drink the whole bottle, then you are getting twice the amount of sugar that is listed on the label.</li> <li><strong>Percent daily value (%DV)</strong> is a number that helps you understand how much of a nutrient is in one serving. Experts recommend that you get a certain amount of different nutrients daily. %DV tells you what percentage of the daily recommendation you get from one serving of a food. With this, you can figure out if a food is high or low in a nutrient: 5% or less is low, 20% or more is high.</li> </ul> <p>The information on a food label can help you see how a certain food or drink fits into your overall diet. The label lists, per serving,:</p><ul> <li>The number of calories</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">Fats</a>, including total fat, saturated fat, and trans fat</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">Cholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">Sodium</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html">Carbohydrates</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html">fiber</a>, total sugar, and added sugar</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html">Protein</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">Vitamins</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">minerals</a></li> </ul> <p class="">Food and Drug Administration</p> Food and Nutrition Etiquetado de alimentos Food Labeling Spanish Food Safety Nutrition Nutrition Labeling Related Issues Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Specifics Food and Drug Administration Video Children National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Children Food and Drug Administration PDF Infographic Patient Handouts Related Issues Food and Drug Administration PDF Patient Handouts Related Issues Food and Drug Administration PDF Related Issues Patient Handouts Food and Drug Administration PDF Journal Articles Teenagers Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Older Adults Food and Drug Administration <p>Safe steps in food handling, cooking, and storage can prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">foodborne illness</a>. There are four basic steps to food safety at home:</p> <ul> <li>Clean - always wash your fruits and vegetables, hands, counters, and cooking utensils.</li> <li>Separate - keep raw foods to themselves. Germs can spread from one food to another.</li> <li>Cook - foods need to get hot and stay hot. Heat kills germs.</li> <li>Chill - put fresh food in the refrigerator right away.</li> </ul> <p>In the grocery store, avoid cans that are bulging or jars that have cracks or loose lids. Check packages to be sure food hasn't reached its expiration date.</p> <p class="">United States Department of Agriculture</p> Food and Nutrition Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Safety Issues Seguridad con los alimentos Food Safety Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Hmong Japanese Khmer Korean Lao Polish Portuguese Russian Samoan Spanish Tagalog Thai Vietnamese Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Foodborne Illness Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Video Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Specifics Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Related Issues Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Food and Drug Administration Women Nemours Foundation Women Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services Related Issues Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Children Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Related Issues Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Specifics Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Food and Drug Administration Children Department of Health and Human Services Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Specifics Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Older Adults Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Food Poisoning <p>Each year, around 48 million people in the United States get sick from contaminated food. Common causes include bacteria and viruses. Less often, the cause may be a parasite or a harmful chemical, such as a high amount of pesticides. Symptoms of foodborne illness depend on the cause. They can be mild or serious. They usually include:</p><ul> <li>Upset stomach</li> <li>Abdominal cramps</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> <li>Fever</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">Dehydration</a></li> </ul> <p>Most foodborne illnesses are acute. This means that they happen suddenly and last a short time.</p> <p>It takes several steps to get food from the farm or fishery to your dining table. Contamination can happen during any of these steps. For example, it can happen to:</p><ul> <li>Raw meat during slaughter</li> <li>Fruits and vegetables when they are growing or when they are processed</li> <li>Refrigerated foods when they are left on a loading dock in warm weather</li> </ul> <p>But it can also happen in your kitchen if you leave food out for more than 2 hours at room temperature. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html">Handling food safely</a> can help prevent foodborne illnesses.</p> <p>Most people with foodborne illness get better on their own. It is important to replace lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. If your health care provider can diagnose the specific cause, you may get medicines such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a> to treat it. For more serious illness, you may need treatment at a hospital.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Food and Nutrition Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos Food Contamination Foodborne Diseases Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Botulism Campylobacter Infections Drinking Water E. Coli Infections Food Safety Hepatitis A Listeria Infections Salmonella Infections Food Poisoning Yersinia Enterocolitica Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Patient Handouts Food and Drug Administration PDF Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Health and Human Services Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors NIH Journal Articles Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation <p>Each step you take involves a complex network of bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. This, combined with all of the weight they carry, explains why feet can have problems. To keep your feet healthy:</p><ul> <li> Examine your feet regularly</li> <li> Wear comfortable shoes that fit</li> <li> Wash your feet daily with soap and lukewarm water </li> <li> Trim your toenails straight across and not too short</li> </ul> <p>Your foot health can be a clue to your overall health. For example, joint stiffness could mean arthritis. Tingling or numbness could be a sign of diabetes. Swelling might indicate kidney disease, heart disease, or high blood pressure.</p> <p>Good foot care and regular foot checks are an important part of your health care. If you have foot problems, be sure to talk to your doctor. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Salud del pie Foot Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Athlete's Foot Diabetic Foot Foot Injuries and Disorders Heel Injuries and Disorders Nail Diseases Toe Injuries and Disorders Shoes Related Issues American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Start Here American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Find an Expert American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Find an Expert American Podiatric Medical Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Prevention and Risk Factors American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Prevention and Risk Factors American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Related Issues American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Diagnosis and Tests American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Related Issues American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Children Nemours Foundation <p>Each of your feet has 26 bones, 33 joints, and more than 100 tendons, muscles, and ligaments. No wonder a lot of things can go wrong. Here are a few common problems:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html">Bunions</a> - hard, painful bumps on the big toe joint</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cornsandcalluses.html">Corns and calluses</a> - thickened skin from friction or pressure</li> <li> Plantar warts - warts on the soles of your feet</li> <li> Fallen arches - also called flat feet </li> </ul> <p>Ill-fitting shoes often cause these problems. Aging and being overweight also increase your chances of having foot problems.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades del pie Foot Diseases Foot Injuries Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Ankle Injuries and Disorders Diabetic Foot Foot Health Heel Injuries and Disorders Leg Injuries and Disorders Toe Injuries and Disorders Morton's Neuroma Living With American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Start Here American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Find an Expert American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Find an Expert American Podiatric Medical Association Related Issues American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Treatments and Therapies American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Find an Expert American Podiatric Medical Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Living With American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Diagnosis and Tests American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Reference Desk American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Children Nemours Foundation Children American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics American Podiatric Medical Association Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Images VisualDX Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Images VisualDX Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies American Podiatric Medical Association Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Journal Articles Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Diagnosis and Tests American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Living With American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Treatments and Therapies American Podiatric Medical Association Treatments and Therapies American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation <p>If you've ever gotten a splinter or had sand in your eye, you've had experience with a foreign body. A foreign body is something that is stuck inside you but isn't supposed to be there. You may inhale or swallow a foreign body, or you may get one from an injury to almost any part of your body. Foreign bodies are more common in small children, who sometimes stick things in their mouths, ears, and noses.</p> <p>Some foreign bodies, like a small splinter, do not cause serious harm. Inhaled or swallowed foreign bodies may cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/choking.html">choking</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html">bowel obstruction</a> and may require medical care.</p> Injuries and Wounds Objetos extraños en el cuerpo Foreign Bodies Spanish Child Safety Choking First Aid Safety Wounds and Injuries Splinters Find an Expert American College of Emergency Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Images VisualDX Treatments and Therapies American College of Gastroenterology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Virtual Pediatric Hospital Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Related Issues American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Hueso roto <h3>¿Qué es una fractura?</h3> <p>Una fractura es un hueso roto. Las fracturas generalmente son causadas por lesiones. Como a veces pueden ser serias, es importante que obtenga atención médica inmediata si cree que tiene una fractura.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de fracturas?</h3> <p>Hay diferentes formas de describir las fracturas. Por ejemplo, hay diferentes tipos de fracturas basadas en:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Si el hueso está parcial o completamente roto</strong></li> <li><strong>Si el hueso atraviesa la piel</strong>; si lo hace, se le llama fractura abierta (o compuesta). Si no, es una fractura cerrada</li> <li><strong>La dirección o forma de la fractura</strong>, por ejemplo, si está en una línea a lo largo del hueso o si tiene algún tipo de patrón</li> <li><strong>La causa de la fractura</strong>, por ejemplo, una fractura por estrés es una rotura pequeña que frecuentemente es causada por exceso de uso</li> <li><strong>El hueso que está roto</strong>, por ejemplo, fracturas faciales incluyen nariz y mandíbula</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa las fracturas?</h3> <p>En general, las fracturas suceden a causa de accidentes de auto, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">caídas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">lesiones deportivas</a>. El uso excesivo y movimientos repetitivos también pueden causar fracturas.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html">Densidad ósea baja</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a> son afecciones que causan debilidad de sus huesos. Tener estas afecciones lo hace más propenso a romperse un hueso.</p><p> </p><h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de una fractura?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de una fractura pueden variar, dependiendo de qué hueso se rompa. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor intenso</li> <li>Deformidad, por ejemplo, una extremidad que parezca fuera de lugar </li> <li>Hinchazón, moretones o sensibilidad alrededor de la lesión</li> <li>Problemas para mover la parte lesionada</li> </ul> <p>Si piensa que puede tener un hueso roto, busque atención médica de inmediato.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las fracturas?</h3> <p>Para averiguar si tiene una fractura, su profesional de la salud le hará un examen físico y preguntará acerca de su lesión. También puede pedir una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografía</a> u otra <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">prueba de imagen</a> para ver si su hueso está roto.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las fracturas?</h3> <p>El tratamiento más común para una fractura es un yeso o férula. Esto evitará que su hueso se mueva mientras sana. El tiempo que deba usar el yeso o férula dependerá del tipo de fractura y el hueso afectado. Frecuentemente, es por varias semanas. Su profesional de la salud le dirá cuándo puede quitárselo.</p> <p>En algunos casos, usted puede necesitar cirugía para colocar placas, clavos y tornillos para mantener el hueso en su lugar.</p> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las fracturas?</h3> <p>Hay pasos que usted puede tomar para disminuir su riesgo de facturas:</p> <ul> <li>Mantenga sus huesos fuertes al: <ul> <li>Obtener suficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">vitamina D</a> en su dieta</li> <li>Realizar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física regular</a>, incluyendo ejercicios como caminar, tenis y bailar</li> <li>Obtener tratamiento para densidad ósea baja u osteoporosis (si es necesario)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Vestir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html">equipo protectivo</a> cuando practica deportes</li> <li>Prevenir caídas al: <ul> <li>Deshacerse de cualquier cosa que pueda hacerlo tropezar en casa</li> <li>Tener cuidado al caminar en superficies resbalosas o congeladas</li> <li>Elegir el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foothealth.html">calzado</a> adecuado</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Fractures Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Enfermedades de los huesos Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera Lesiones y enfermedades de la mandíbula Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano Lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca Lesiones y enfermedades de la pierna Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos del pie Lesiones y enfermedades del brazo Lesiones y enfermedades del codo Lesiones y enfermedades del cuello Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro Lesiones y enfermedades del pie Lesiones y enfermedades del talón Lesiones y enfermedades del tobillo Osteoporosis Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Broken bone <h3>What is a fracture?</h3> <p>A fracture is a break in a bone. Fractures are usually caused by injuries. Since they can sometimes be serious, it's important to get medical care right away if you think you have a fracture.</p> <h3>What are the different types of fractures?</h3> <p>There are different ways to describe fractures. For example, there are different types of fractures based on:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Whether the bone is partially or completely broken.</strong></li> <li><strong>Whether the bone breaks through the skin;</strong> if it does, it's called an open (or compound) fracture. If not, it's a closed fracture.</li> <li><strong>The direction or shape of the break,</strong> for example if it's in a line across the bone or if it has some kind of pattern.</li> <li><strong>The cause of the break.</strong> For example, a stress fracture is a small break in a bone that is often caused by overuse.</li> <li><strong>Which bone is broken,</strong> for example facial fractures include nose and jaw fractures.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes fractures?</h3> <p>Fractures commonly happen because of car accidents, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">falls</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">sports injuries</a>. Overuse and repetitive motions can also cause fractures.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html">Low bone density</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a> are conditions which cause weakening of your bones. Having one of these conditions makes you much more likely to break a bone.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of a fracture?</h3> <p>The symptoms of a fracture can vary, depending on which bone you broke. But they may include:</p> <ul> <li>Intense pain</li> <li>Deformity, for example a limb that looks out of place</li> <li>Swelling, bruising, or tenderness around the injury</li> <li>Trouble moving the injured part</li> </ul> <p>If you think that you may have broken a bone, get medical care right away.</p> <h3>How are fractures diagnosed? </h3> <p>To find out if you have a fracture, your health provider will do a physical exam and ask about your injury. They will also likely order an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a> or other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging test</a> to see if your bone is broken.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for fractures?</h3> <p>The most common treatment for a fracture is for you to wear a cast or a splint. This will keep your bone from moving while it heals. How long you need to wear it will depend on the type of fracture and which bone is affected. But it's often for several weeks. Your provider will let you know when you can get it off.</p> <p>In some cases, you may need surgery to put in plates, pins, or screws to keep the bone in place.</p> <h3>Can fractures be prevented?</h3> <p>There are steps you can take to lower your risk of fractures:</p> <ul> <li>Keeping your bones strong by: <ul> <li>Getting enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">vitamin D</a> in your diet</li> <li>Getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular physical activity</a>, including weight bearing exercises such as walking, tennis, and dancing</li> <li>Getting treatment for low bone density or osteoporosis (if needed)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Wearing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html">protective equipment</a> when you do sports</li> <li>Preventing falls by: <ul> <li>Getting rid of any tripping hazards in your home</li> <li>Being careful when walking on wet or icy surfaces</li> <li>Choosing the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foothealth.html">right footwear</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Fracturas Fractures, Bone Fractures, Cartilage Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Ankle Injuries and Disorders Arm Injuries and Disorders Bone Diseases Elbow Injuries and Disorders Finger Injuries and Disorders Foot Injuries and Disorders Hand Injuries and Disorders Heel Injuries and Disorders Hip Injuries and Disorders Jaw Injuries and Disorders Knee Injuries and Disorders Leg Injuries and Disorders Neck Injuries and Disorders Osteoporosis Shoulder Injuries and Disorders Toe Injuries and Disorders Wrist Injuries and Disorders Broken Bones Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia FRAXA FXS <p>Fragile X syndrome is the most common form of inherited <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html">developmental disability</a>. A problem with a specific gene causes the disease. Normally, the gene makes a protein you need for brain development. But the problem causes a person to make little or none of the protein. This causes the symptoms of Fragile X. </p> <p>People with only a small change in the gene might not show any signs of Fragile X. People with bigger changes can have severe symptoms. These might include:</p><ul> <li>Intelligence problems, ranging from learning disabilities to severe intellectual disabilities</li> <li>Social and emotional problems, such as aggression in boys or shyness in girls</li> <li>Speech and language problems, especially in boys</li> </ul> <p>A genetic blood test can diagnose Fragile X. There is no cure. You can treat some symptoms with educational, behavioral, or physical therapy, and with medicines. Getting treatment early can help.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Genetics/Birth Defects Síndrome X frágil Fragile X Syndrome Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Autism Spectrum Disorder Developmental Disabilities FRAXA Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Symptoms National Fragile X Foundation Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Fragile X Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Fragile X Foundation PDF Women National Fragile X Foundation Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Fragile X Foundation Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Journal Articles Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>Las estafas y el fraude a la salud implican la venta de medicamentos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html">suplementos</a>, dispositivos, alimentos o cosméticos cuya eficacia no ha sido probada. En el mejor de los casos, estas estafas no funcionan. En el peor de los casos, son peligrosos. También desperdician dinero y pueden impedir que reciba el tratamiento que realmente necesita.</p> <p>Algunos de los posibles peligros de los productos fraudulentos son que podrían:</p> <ul> <li>Estar contaminados por haber sido elaborados en instalaciones sucias o sin un control de calidad adecuado</li> <li>Contener ingredientes nocivos que no figuran en la etiqueta</li> <li>Desencadenar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">interacción dañina con los medicamentos </a> que está tomando</li> <li>Provocar lesiones graves y potencialmente mortales</li> </ul> <p>Las estafas y el fraude de salud se pueden encontrar en todas partes y prometen ayuda para muchos problemas de salud comunes, incluyendo pérdida de peso, pérdida de memoria, rendimiento sexual y dolor en las articulaciones. Se dirigen a personas con enfermedades graves como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades cardíacas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">enfermedad de Alzheimer</a>.</p> <p>Solo recuerde, si suena demasiado bueno para ser verdad, probablemente sea una estafa. Algunas señales de alerta para tener en cuenta son afirmaciones de productos que:</p> <ul> <li>Ofrecen testimonios personales de personas "reales" o "médicos" interpretados por actores que aseguran resultados asombrosos</li> <li>Dicen que el producto puede tratar o curar una amplia gama de enfermedades no relacionadas. Ningún producto puede tratar o curar muchas enfermedades diferentes</li> <li>Mencionan teorías de conspiración como "Esta es la cura que nuestro gobierno y las farmacéuticas no quieren que sepa"</li> <li>Incluyen frases como:</li> <ul> <li>Remedio antiguo</li> <li>Cura milagrosa</li> <li>Garantía de devolución de dinero sin riesgo</li> <li>Cura natural</li> <li>Recuperación rápida</li> <li>Ingrediente secreto</li> <li>Descubrimiento científico</li> </ul> <li>Utilizan términos que suenan científicos pero que no tienen sentido para los productos, como "multiplicidad de moléculas"</li> <li>Hacen referencia a premios prestigiosos, por ejemplo, "Tecnología ganadora del Premio Nobel"</li> </ul> <p>Antes de tomar un producto no probado o poco conocido, hable con su profesional de la salud, especialmente si está tomando algún medicamento recetado. </p> <p class="">Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</p> Sistemas de salud Health Fraud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Especialistas Comisión Federal de Comercio Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comercio Comience aquí Spanish/Español Comisión Federal de Comercio Comience aquí Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comercio Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos PDF Fácil de leer <p>Friedreich ataxia is an inherited disease that damages your nervous system. The damage affects your spinal cord and the nerves that control muscle movement in your arms and legs. Symptoms usually begin between the ages of 5 and 15. The main symptom is ataxia, which means trouble coordinating movements. Specific symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Difficulty walking</li> <li> Muscle weakness</li> <li> Speech problems</li> <li> Involuntary eye movements</li> <li> Scoliosis (curving of the spine to one side)</li> <li> Heart palpitations, from the heart disease which can happen along with Friedreich ataxia</li> </ul> <p>People with Friedreich ataxia usually need a wheelchair 15 to 20 years after symptoms first appear. In severe cases, people become incapacitated. There is no cure. You can treat symptoms with medicines, braces, surgery, and physical therapy.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Ataxia de Friedreich Friedreich Ataxia Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Degenerative Nerve Diseases Ataxia Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Muscular Dystrophy Association Diagnosis and Tests Muscular Dystrophy Association Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles <p>Frostbite is an injury to the body that is caused by freezing. It most often affects the nose, ears, cheeks, chin, fingers, or toes. Frostbite can permanently damage the body, and severe cases can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html">amputation</a>.</p> <p>If you have frostbite, the skin in that area may turn white or grayish-yellow. It may feel firm or waxy when you touch it. The area will also feel numb.</p> <p>If you have symptoms of frostbite, seek medical care. But if immediate medical care isn't available, here are steps to take:</p> <ul> <li>Get into a warm room as soon as possible.</li> <li>If possible, do not walk on frostbitten feet or toes. Walking increases the damage.</li> <li>Put the affected area in warm - not hot - water.</li> <li>You can also warm the affected area using body heat. For example, use your armpit to warm frostbitten fingers. </li> <li>Don't rub the frostbitten area with snow or massage it at all. This can cause more damage. </li> <li>Don't use a heating pad, heat lamp, or the heat of a stove, fireplace, or radiator for warming. Since frostbite makes an area numb, you could burn it.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Injuries and Wounds Symptoms Congelación Frostbite Spanish Hypothermia Winter Weather Emergencies Chilblains Cold (Temperature) Frostnip Prevention and Risk Factors National Safety Council Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Occupational Safety and Health Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Related Issues Merck & Co., Inc. Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Related Issues National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos de fumar en la salud?</h3> <p>No hay otra manera de decirlo: Fumar es dañino para la salud. Daña a casi todos los órganos del cuerpo, incluso algunos que no se esperaría. Fumar cigarrillos causa muchos casos de cáncer y otros problemas de salud. También es la causa de casi una de cada cinco muertes en los Estados Unidos.</p> <p>Algunos de los muchos problemas de salud que puede causar fumar incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cáncer</strong>: Fumar es la causa más común de cáncer de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungcancer.html">pulmón</a> y de boca. Pero también puede causar cáncer en muchas otras partes del cuerpo, como en la laringe, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html">esófago</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatcancer.html">garganta</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladdercancer.html">vejiga</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html">riñón</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html">hígado</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html">estómago</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticcancer.html">páncreas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html">colon y recto</a>; y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html">cuello uterino</a>. También puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutemyeloidleukemia.html">leucemia mieloide aguda</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">Enfermedades pulmonares</a></strong>: Fumar es la causa más común de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">EPOC</a>. También puede empeorar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">asma</a> y aumentar el riesgo de tener neumonía</li> <li><strong>Enfermedades cardiovasculares</strong>: Fumar puede dañar los vasos sanguíneos y hacerlos más gruesos y estrechos. Esto hace que su corazón lata más rápido y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">sube su presión arterial</a>. Fumar también aumenta el riesgo de sufrir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulos sanguíneos</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidentes cerebrovasculares</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Problemas de la visión</a></strong>: Fumar puede aumentar su riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html">cataratas</a> y causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html">degeneración macular</a></li> </ul> <p>Las personas que <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">fuman durante el embarazo</a> tienen más probabilidades de tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">ciertos problemas</a>. Sus bebés también tienen un mayor riesgo de morir por el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html">síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante</a>.</p> <p>Fumar además causa adicción a la nicotina, un estimulante que se encuentra en el tabaco. La adicción a la nicotina hace más difícil que las personas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejen de fumar</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los riesgos para la salud de la inhalación pasiva de humo?</h3> <p>Su humo también es malo para otras personas. Si respiran el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">humo de segunda mano</a> pueden tener muchos de los mismos problemas que los fumadores. Estos problemas pueden incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a> y cáncer de pulmón. Los niños expuestos al humo de segunda mano tienen un mayor riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html">infecciones de oído</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfriados</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a>, bronquitis y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthmainchildren.html">asma</a> más grave. Las personas embarazadas que respiran humo de segunda mano tienen más probabilidades de tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html">parto prematuro</a> y bebés con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html">bajo peso al nacer</a>.</p> <h3>¿Son peligrosas las otras formas de tabaco?</h3> <p>Además de los cigarrillos, hay varios otros productos hechos con tabaco. Algunas personas fuman tabaco en cigarros y pipas de agua (narguiles). Estas formas de tabaco también tienen sustancias químicas dañinas y nicotina. Algunos cigarros contienen tanto tabaco como un paquete completo de cigarrillos.</p> <p>Con frecuencia, los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html">cigarrillos electrónicos</a> parecen cigarrillos, pero funcionan de manera diferente. Son dispositivos para fumar con baterías. Usar un cigarrillo-e se llama vapear. Los investigadores aún tienen mucho que aprender sobre los efectos del uso de cigarrillos electrónicos en la salud. Se sabe que contienen nicotina, que es altamente adictiva y un peligro para la salud de las personas embarazadas, sus bebés en desarrollo, niños y adolescentes. Además, los cigarrillos electrónicos también exponen a los no fumadores al vapor de segunda mano (en lugar de humo de segunda mano), que contienen sustancias químicas nocivas.</p> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokelesstobacco.html">tabaco que no se fuma</a>, como que se mastica o el rapé, también es malo para la salud. El tabaco sin humo puede causar ciertos tipos de cáncer, incluido el oral. También aumenta el riesgo de contraer enfermedades cardíacas, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html">enfermedades de las encías</a> y lesiones de la boca.</p> <h3>¿Por qué debo dejar de fumar?</h3> <p>Debe saber que no hay un nivel seguro de consumo de tabaco. Fumar incluso un solo cigarrillo al día durante la vida puede causar algún cáncer relacionado con el fumar y muerte prematura. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejen de fumar</a> puede reducir su riesgo de problemas de salud y sumar años a su vida. Cuanto antes deje de fumar, mayor será el beneficio. Algunos beneficios inmediatos de dejar de fumar incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Menor ritmo cardíaco y presión arterial</li> <li>Menos monóxido de carbono en la sangre (el monóxido de carbono reduce la capacidad de la sangre para transportar oxígeno)</li> <li>Mejor circulación</li> <li>Menos tos y sibilancias</li> </ul> <p>Dejar de fumar puede ser un desafío, pero es muy importante para su salud. Consulte con su profesional de la salud si necesita ayuda para dejar de fumar.</p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Pulmón y vías respiratorias Smoking Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Dejar de fumar Fumar y los jóvenes Inhalación pasiva de humo Tabaco que no se fuma Nicotina Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Cigarillos y la gente joven Fumar y la juventud <p>Fumar cigarrillos tiene muchos riesgos de salud para todos. Sin embargo, cuanto más joven sea al empezar a fumar, más problemas puede causarle. Las personas que empiezan a fumar antes de los 21 años tienen más dificultades para dejar de fumar. Los adolescentes que fuman tienen más posibilidades de consumir alcohol y drogas ilegales. </p> <p>El problema no es sólo los cigarrillos. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokelesstobacco.html">tabaco que no se fuma</a>, los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecigarettes.html">cigarrillos electrónicos</a> y los habanos no son alternativas seguras a los cigarrillos. Los de bajo contenido de alquitrán y productos de tabaco sin aditivos no son seguros tampoco.</p> <p>Los jóvenes que no han empezado a usar tabaco a los 18 años es probable que nunca lo hagan. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Niños y adolescentes Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Smoking and Youth Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Cigarrillo electrónico Dejar de fumar Fumar Tabaco que no se fuma Adolescentes, Fumar Chicos, Fumar Niños, Fumar Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Adultos NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Mycoses <p>If you have ever had <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/athletesfoot.html">athlete's foot</a> or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html">yeast infection</a>, you can blame a fungus. A fungus is a primitive organism. Mushrooms, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html">mold</a> and mildew are examples. Fungi live in air, in soil, on plants and in water. Some live in the human body. Only about half of all types of fungi are harmful.</p> <p>Some fungi reproduce through tiny spores in the air. You can inhale the spores or they can land on you. As a result, fungal infections often start in the lungs or on the skin. You are more likely to get a fungal infection if you have a weakened immune system or take antibiotics.</p> <p>Fungi can be difficult to kill. For skin and nail infections, you can apply medicine directly to the infected area. Oral antifungal medicines are also available for serious infections.</p> Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Infecciones por hongos Mycoses Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Aspergillosis Athlete's Foot Histoplasmosis Molds Pneumocystis Infections Tinea Infections Valley Fever Yeast Infections Cryptococcosis Infections, Fungal Mycoses Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Specifics American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Video Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Dermatology <p> Una fístula es una conexión anormal entre dos partes internas del cuerpo. Pueden desarrollarse entre distintos órganos, como entre el esófago y la tráquea o entre el intestino y la vagina. También pueden formarse entre dos vasos sanguíneos, como una arteria y una vena o entre dos arterias. </p> <p>Algunas personas nacen con una fístula. Otras causas comunes son:</p><ul> <li>Complicaciones después de una cirugía</li> <li>Lesiones</li> <li>Infecciones</li> <li>Enfermedades como la de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html">Crohn</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html">colitis ulcerativa</a></li> </ul> <p> El tratamiento depende de la causa, dónde está ubicada y cuán grave es. Algunas fístulas cierran por sí solas. Otras necesitan antibióticos y/o cirugías. </p> Sistema digestivo Pulmón y vías respiratorias Fistulas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Deficiencia de G6PD Deficiencia de glucosa -6- fosfato-deshidrogenasa G-6-PD G6FD <p>La deficiencia de glucosa -6- fosfato-deshidrogenasa (también llamada deficiencia de G-6-PD) es una enfermedad hereditaria que se da generalmente en los varones. Aproximadamente uno de cada 10 afroamericanos en los EE. UU. la padece. La deficiencia de G-6-PD afecta principalmente los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html">glóbulos rojos</a>, que son los que llevan el oxígeno desde los pulmones a los tejidos del cuerpo. El problema médico que puede causar es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia hemolítica</a>. Esto sucede cuando los glóbulos rojos son destruidos antes que el cuerpo pueda reponerlos. </p> <p>Si usted sufre esta deficiencia, es posible que no tenga ningún síntoma. Estos comienzan cuando sus glóbulos rojos se combinan con ciertos químicos presentes en algunos alimentos o medicamentos o por ciertas infecciones bacterianas o virales o también por estrés. Estos síntomas incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Palidez</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html">Ictericia</a></li> <li>Orina de color oscuro</li> <li>Cansancio</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Dificultad para respirar</a></li> <li>Agrandamiento del bazo</li> <li>Corazón que late rápidamente</li> </ul> <p>Un examen de sangre puede diagnosticar la enfermedad. Los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos para controlar la infección, la suspensión de cualquier sustancia que cause problemas con los glóbulos rojos y, a veces, transfusiones de sangre.</p> <p class="">NIH: Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina</p> Genética y defectos congénitos G6PD Deficiency Deficiencia de G6PD Deficiencia de glucosa -6- fosfato-deshidrogenasa G6PD, Deficiencia Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency <p>Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic disorder that is most common in males. About 1 in 10 African American males in the United States has it. G6PD deficiency mainly affects <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html">red blood cells</a>, which carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. The most common medical problem it can cause is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">hemolytic anemia</a>. That happens when red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can replace them.</p> <p>If you have G6PD deficiency, you may not have symptoms. Symptoms happen if your red blood cells are exposed to certain chemicals in food or medicine, certain bacterial or viral infections, or stress. They may include:</p><ul> <li>Paleness</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html">Jaundice</a></li> <li>Dark urine</li> <li>Fatigue</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a></li> <li>Enlarged spleen</li> <li>Rapid heart rate</li> </ul> <p>A blood test can tell if you have it. Treatments include medicines to treat infection, avoiding substances that cause the problem with red blood cells, and sometimes transfusions.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Library of Medicine</p> Genetics/Birth Defects G6PD Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Spanish Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Learn More Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles <p>Your gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ under your liver. It stores bile, a fluid made by your liver to digest fat. As your stomach and intestines digest food, your gallbladder releases bile through a tube called the common bile duct. The duct connects your gallbladder and liver to your small intestine. </p> <p> Cancer of the gallbladder is rare. It is more common in women and Native Americans. Symptoms include <ul> <li>Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes)</li> <li>Pain above the stomach</li> <li>Fever</li> <li>Nausea and vomiting</li> <li>Bloating</li> <li>Lumps in the abdomen</li> </ul> </p> <p> It is hard to diagnose gallbladder cancer in its early stages. Sometimes doctors find it when they remove the gallbladder for another reason. But people with gallstones rarely have gallbladder cancer. Because it is often found late, it can be hard to treat gallbladder cancer. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Digestive System Cáncer de la vesícula biliar Gallbladder Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Bile Duct Cancer Gallbladder Diseases Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Living With American Cancer Society Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society <p>Your gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ under your liver. It stores bile, a fluid made by your liver to digest fat. As your stomach and intestines digest food, your gallbladder releases bile through a tube called the common bile duct. The duct connects your gallbladder and liver to your small intestine.</p> <p>Your gallbladder is most likely to give you trouble if something blocks the flow of bile through the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html">bile ducts</a>. That is usually a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gallstones.html">gallstone</a>. Gallstones form when substances in bile harden. Rarely, you can also get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladdercancer.html">cancer</a> in your gallbladder.</p> <p>Many gallbladder problems get better with removal of the gallbladder. Fortunately, you can live without a gallbladder. Bile has other ways of reaching your small intestine.</p> Digestive System Enfermedades de la vesícula biliar Gallbladder Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bile Duct Diseases Gallbladder Cancer Gallstones Biliary Tract Diseases Cholecystectomy Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Gastroenterology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Reference Desk Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Related Issues International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Treatments and Therapies American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Cholelithiasis <p>Your gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ under your liver. It stores bile, a fluid made by your liver to digest fat. As your stomach and intestines digest food, your gallbladder releases bile through a tube called the common bile duct. The duct connects your gallbladder and liver to your small intestine.</p> <p>Your gallbladder is most likely to give you trouble if something blocks the flow of bile through the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html">bile ducts</a>. That is usually a gallstone. Gallstones form when substances in bile harden. Gallstone attacks usually happen after you eat. Signs of a gallstone attack may include nausea, vomiting, or pain in the abdomen, back, or just under the right arm.</p> <p>Gallstones are most common among older adults, women, overweight people, Native Americans and Mexican Americans.</p> <p>Gallstones are often found during imaging tests for other health conditions. If you do not have symptoms, you usually do not need treatment. The most common treatment is removal of the gallbladder. Fortunately, you can live without a gallbladder. Bile has other ways to reach your small intestine.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Cálculos biliares Cholelithiasis Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Gallbladder Diseases Choledocholithiasis Cholelithiasis Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Gastroenterology Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women American College of Gastroenterology Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles <p>La gangrena es la muerte de los tejidos en su cuerpo. Ocurre cuando el suministro de sangre no llega a una parte de su cuerpo. La gangrena puede ocurrir en la superficie del cuerpo, como la piel o al interior del cuerpo, como en los músculos o los órganos. Las causas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Lesiones graves</li> <li>Problemas con la circulación de la sangre, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">aterosclerosis</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html">enfermedad arterial periférica</a></li> <li>Diabetes</li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas en la piel pueden incluir manchas de un color azul o negro, dolor, entumecimiento y úlceras que producen una secreción con mal olor. Si la gangrena es interna, es posible que tenga fiebre, malestar y la zona pueda estar hinchada y ser dolorosa.</p> <p>La gangrena es un problema serio. Necesita atención de urgencia. El tratamiento incluye cirugía, antibióticos y terapia de oxígeno. En los casos graves, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html">amputación</a> puede ser necesaria.</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Gangrene Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Enfermedad arterial periférica Infecciones de la piel Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica <p>Gangrene is the death of tissues in your body. It happens when a part of your body loses its blood supply. Gangrene can happen on the surface of the body, such as on the skin, or inside the body, in muscles or organs. Causes include:</p><ul> <li>Serious injuries</li> <li>Problems with blood circulation, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">atherosclerosis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralarterialdisease.html">peripheral arterial disease</a></li> <li>Diabetes</li> </ul> <p>Skin symptoms may include a blue or black color, pain, numbness, and sores that produce a foul-smelling discharge. If the gangrene is internal, you may run a fever and feel unwell, and the area may be swollen and painful.</p> <p>Gangrene is a serious condition. It needs immediate attention. Treatment includes surgery, antibiotics, and oxygen therapy. In severe cases an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html">amputation</a> may be necessary.</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Gangrena Gangrene Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Gas Gangrene Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Merck & Co., Inc. Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Belch Burp Eructation Flatulence Flatus <p>Everyone has gas. Most people pass gas 13 to 21 times a day. Passing gas through the mouth is called belching or burping. Passing gas through the anus is called flatulence. Most of the time gas does not have an odor. The odor comes from bacteria in the large intestine that release small amounts of gases that contain sulfur.</p> <p>Gas in the digestive tract comes from two sources: air that you swallow and the breakdown of undigested food by bacteria in the large intestine. Certain foods may cause gas. Foods that produce gas in one person may not cause gas in another.</p> <p>You can reduce the amount of gas you have by:</p><ul> <li>Drinking lots of water and non-fizzy drinks</li> <li>Eating more slowly so you swallow less air when you eat</li> <li>Avoiding milk products if you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lactoseintolerance.html">lactose intolerance</a></li> </ul> <p>Medicines can help reduce gas or the pain and bloating caused by gas. If your symptoms still bother you, see your health care provider.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Symptoms Gas Eructation Flatulence Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Abdominal Pain Digestive Diseases Stomach Disorders Belching Burping Flatulence Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Gastroenterology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Living With International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH <p>Todas las personas tienen gases. La mayoría de las personas expulsa gases entre 13 y 21 veces al día. Los gases eliminados por la boca se llaman eructos. La eliminación a través del recto se llama flatulencia. La mayoría de las veces el gas no tiene olor. El olor proviene de las bacterias en el intestino grueso que liberan pequeñas cantidades de gases que contienen sulfuro. </p> <p>El gas en las vías intestinales tiene dos orígenes: El aire que se traga y la descomposición de la comida no digerida por las bacterias en el intestino grueso. Ciertos alimentos pueden causar gases. Las comidas que producen gases en una persona pueden no causarlos en otra. </p> <p>Para disminuir la cantidad de gases que se expulsa al día, usted puede:</p><ul> <li>Tomar mucha agua y bebidas sin gas</li> <li>Comer más despacio, así no traga tanto aire al comer</li> <li>Evitar productos lácteos si usted tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html">intolerancia a la lactosa</a></li> </ul> <p>Algunos medicamentos pueden ayudar a reducir la cantidad de gas o de dolor e hinchazón que causa el gas. Si los síntomas todavía son molestos, consulte con su proveedor de cuidados de salud. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Síntomas Gas Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Dolor abdominal Enfermedades del estómago Enfermedades del sistema digestivo Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Stomach flu <h3>What is gastroenteritis?</h3> <p>Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines. The main symptoms include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">vomiting</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>. It is usually not serious in healthy people, but it can sometimes lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydration</a> or cause severe symptoms.</p> <h3>What causes gastroenteritis?</h3> <p>There can be many different causes of gastroenteritis:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">Viruses</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">Bacteria</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html">Parasites</a></li> <li>Chemicals</li> <li>Reactions to certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">medicines</a> and food</li> </ul> <p>Viral gastroenteritis is the most common type. It can be caused by many different viruses, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/norovirusinfections.html">noroviruses</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rotavirusinfections.html">rotaviruses</a>. Some people call viral gastroenteritis the "stomach flu." But this name is not medically correct. It is not caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a> viruses. The flu is a respiratory infection that affects your nose, throat and lungs.</p> <p>When gastroenteritis is caused by consuming foods or drinks contaminated with viruses, bacteria, parasites, or chemicals, this is called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">food poisoning</a>.</p> <p>The viruses, bacteria, and parasites that cause gastroenteritis can also spread from person to person. You could be infected when you touch something that has the germs on it and then touch your eyes, mouth, or nose.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of gastroenteritis?</h3> <p>The symptoms of gastroenteritis include:</p> <ul> <li>Diarrhea</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">Pain</a> or cramping in your abdomen (belly)</li> <li>Nausea</li> <li>Vomiting</li> <li>Sometimes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a></li> </ul> <p>Gastroenteritis is usually not serious. But it can sometimes cause lead to dehydration or cause severe symptoms. Certain people are at higher risk for these problems. They include:</p> <ul> <li>Pregnant women</li> <li>Older adults</li> <li>People with weakened immune systems or other serious health conditions</li> <li>Infants</li> <li>Babies who were <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html">born prematurely</a> or have other health conditions</li> </ul> <p>If you or a family member are at higher risk and have symptoms of gastroenteritis, contact a health care provider right away. Even if you are not at high risk, it is possible to become dehydrated or have more serious symptoms. There are some warning signs to watch for. It's important to contact a provider right away if you or your child have any of them:</p> <ul> <li>For <strong>adults,</strong> they include: <ul> <li>Change in mental state, such as irritability or lack of energy</li> <li>Diarrhea lasting more than 2 days</li> <li>High fever</li> <li>Vomiting often</li> <li>Six or more loose stools in a day</li> <li>Severe pain in the abdomen (belly) or rectum</li> <li>Stools that are black and tarry or contain blood or pus</li> <li>Symptoms of dehydration, such as thirst, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html">dry mouth</a>, headache, dark-colored urine, and urinating less than normal</li> </ul> </li> <br/> <li>For <strong>infants and children,</strong> they include: <ul> <li>Change in the child's mental state, such as irritability or lack of energy</li> <li>Diarrhea lasting more than a day</li> <li>Any fever in infants</li> <li>High fever in older children</li> <li>Frequent loose stools</li> <li>Vomiting often</li> <li>Severe pain in the abdomen (belly) or rectum</li> <li>Signs or symptoms of dehydration, such as thirst, dry mouth, urinating less than usual or no wet diapers for 3 hours or more, and no tears when crying</li> <li>Stools that are black and tarry or contain blood or pus</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>How is gastroenteritis diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have gastroenteritis, your provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will do a physical exam</li> <li>Will ask about your symptoms</li> <li>May do tests of your stool</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for gastroenteritis?</h3> <p>Usually, people with gastroenteritis get better on their own, with rest and plenty of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">fluids and electrolytes</a>. Your provider may suggest that you take a probiotic. Studies suggest that some probiotics may help shorten a case of diarrhea.</p> <p>People with more severe symptoms may need medicines to control nausea or vomiting. Providers may also give other medicines for certain types of gastroenteritis, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a> for some bacterial types and antiparasitic medicines for some parasitic types.</p> <h3>Can gastroenteritis be prevented?</h3> <p>Gastroenteritis cannot always be prevented. But <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">proper hand washing</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">cleaning surfaces</a> that may be infected with germs, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html">safe food preparation</a> may help prevent some of the infections that can cause gastroenteritis. There are vaccines for infants to protect against rotavirus infections.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Infections Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Diarrhea Foodborne Illness Nausea and Vomiting Norovirus Infections Rotavirus Infections Small Intestine Disorders Traveler's Health Stomach Flu Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Virus estomacal <h3>¿Qué es la gastroenteritis?</h3> <p>La gastroenteritis es una inflamación del revestimiento del estómago y los intestinos. Sus principales síntomas incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">vómitos</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a>. Por lo general, no es grave en personas sanas, pero en ocasiones puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratación</a> o síntomas más serios.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la gastroenteritis?</h3> <p>Puede haber muchas causas diferentes de gastroenteritis:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">Virus</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">Bacterias</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html">Parásitos</a></li> <li>Productos químicos</li> <li>Reacciones a ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">medicamentos</a> y alimentos</li> </ul> <p>La gastroenteritis viral es el tipo más común. Puede ser causada por muchos virus diferentes, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/norovirusinfections.html">norovirus</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotavirusinfections.html">rotavirus</a>. Algunas personas se refieren a la gastroenteritis viral como "gripe estomacal". Sin embargo, este nombre no es médicamente correcto, ya que no es causada por el virus de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a>. La gripe es una infección respiratoria que afecta la nariz, la garganta y los pulmones.</p> <p>Cuando la gastroenteritis es causada por consumir alimentos o bebidas contaminados con virus, bacterias, parásitos o químicos, se conoce como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">intoxicación alimentaria</a>.</p> <p>Los virus, bacterias y parásitos que causan la gastroenteritis también pueden transmitirse de persona a persona. Podría infectarse cuando toca algo con los gérmenes y luego se toca los ojos, la boca o la nariz.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la gastroenteritis?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la gastroenteritis incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Diarrea</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">Dolor</a> o calambres en el abdomen (vientre)</li> <li>Náuseas</li> <li>Vómitos</li> <li>En ocasiones, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a></li> </ul> <p>La gastroenteritis no suele ser grave. Pero a veces puede causar deshidratación o síntomas graves. Algunas personas tienen un mayor riesgo de tener estos problemas, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Mujeres embarazadas</li> <li>Adultos mayores</li> <li>Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados u otras afecciones graves de salud</li> <li>Bebés</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html">Bebés prematuros</a> o con otros problemas de salud</li> </ul> <p>Si usted o un miembro de su familia tienen un mayor riesgo y presentan síntomas de gastroenteritis, hable con un profesional de la salud lo antes posible.</p> <p>Incluso si no tiene un alto riesgo, es posible que se deshidrate o tenga síntomas más graves. Hay algunas señales de advertencia a las que hay que prestar atención. Es importante ver a un profesional de la salud lo antes posible si usted o su hijo tienen alguno de ellos:</p> <ul> <li>Para <strong>adultos,</strong> incluyen: <ul> <li>Cambio en su estado mental, como irritabilidad o falta de energía</li> <li>Diarrea que dura más de 2 días</li> <li>Fiebre alta</li> <li>Vómitos frecuentes</li> <li>Seis o más deposiciones sueltas en un día</li> <li>Dolor intenso en el abdomen (vientre) o recto</li> <li>Heces negras y alquitranadas o que contienen sangre o pus</li> <li>Síntomas de deshidratación, como sed, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html">boca seca</a>, dolor de cabeza, orina de color oscuro y orinar menos de lo normal</li> </ul> </li> <br/> <li>Para <strong>bebés y niños,</strong> incluyen: <ul> <li>Cambio en el estado mental del niño, como irritabilidad o falta de energía</li> <li>Diarrea que dura más de un día</li> <li>Cualquier fiebre en los bebés</li> <li>Fiebre alta en niños mayores</li> <li>Heces sueltas frecuentes</li> <li>Vómitos frecuentes</li> <li>Dolor intenso en el abdomen (vientre) o recto</li> <li>Signos o síntomas de deshidratación, como sed, boca seca, orinar menos de lo habitual o no mojar los pañales durante 3 horas o más, y no tener lágrimas al llorar</li> <li>Heces negras y alquitranadas o que contienen sangre o pus</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la gastroenteritis?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene gastroenteritis, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Hacer un examen físico</li> <li>Preguntar sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Solicitar un análisis de sus heces</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la gastroenteritis?</h3> <p>Por lo general, las personas con gastroenteritis mejoran por sí solas, con reposo y abundantes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">líquidos y electrolitos</a>. Su profesional de la salud puede sugerir que tome un probiótico. Los estudios sugieren que algunos probióticos pueden ayudar a acortar un caso de diarrea.</p> <p>Las personas con síntomas más graves pueden necesitar medicamentos para controlar las náuseas o los vómitos. Los profesionales de la salud también pueden recetar otros medicamentos para ciertos tipos de gastroenteritis, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a> para algunos tipos de bacterias y medicamentos antiparasitarios para algunos tipos de parásitos.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la gastroenteritis?</h3> <p>La gastroenteritis no siempre se puede prevenir. Pero <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">lavarse las manos</a> bien, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">limpiar las superficies</a> que pueden estar infectadas con gérmenes y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html">preparar alimentos de manera segura</a> pueden ayudar a prevenir algunas de las infecciones que pueden causar gastroenteritis. Existen vacunas para bebés que protegen contra las infecciones por rotavirus.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Diabetes y Enfermedades Digestivas y del Riñón </p> Sistema digestivo Infecciones Gastroenteritis Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Diarrea Enfermedades del intestino delgado Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos Náusea y vómitos Rotavirus Salud del viajero Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours GI bleeding <p>Your digestive or gastrointestinal (GI) tract includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine or colon, rectum, and anus. Bleeding can come from any of these areas. The amount of bleeding can be so small that only a lab test can find it. </p> <p>Signs of bleeding in the digestive tract depend on where it is and how much bleeding there is.</p> <p>Signs of bleeding in the upper digestive tract include:</p><ul> <li>Bright red blood in vomit</li> <li>Vomit that looks like coffee grounds</li> <li>Black or tarry stool</li> <li>Dark blood mixed with stool</li> </ul> <p>Signs of bleeding in the lower digestive tract include:</p><ul> <li>Black or tarry stool</li> <li>Dark blood mixed with stool</li> <li>Stool mixed or coated with bright red blood</li> </ul> <p>GI bleeding is not a disease, but a symptom of a disease. There are many possible causes of GI bleeding, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html">hemorrhoids</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html">peptic ulcers</a>, tears or inflammation in the esophagus, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html">diverticulosis and diverticulitis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html">ulcerative colitis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html">Crohn's disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html">colonic polyps</a>, or cancer in the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html">colon</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachcancer.html">stomach</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html">esophagus</a>.</p> <p>The test used most often to look for the cause of GI bleeding is called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html">endoscopy</a>. It uses a flexible instrument inserted through the mouth or rectum to view the inside of the GI tract. A type of endoscopy called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">colonoscopy</a> looks at the large intestine.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Symptoms Hemorragia gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Hemorrhoids Peptic Ulcer Bleeding, Gastrointestinal GI Bleeding Rectal Bleeding Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests American College of Gastroenterology Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Children North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH <p>Gaucher disease is a rare, inherited disorder. It is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html">lipid metabolism disorder</a>. If you have it, you do not have enough of an enzyme called glucocerebrosidase. This causes too much of a fatty substance to build up in your spleen, liver, lungs, bones and, sometimes, your brain. This prevents these organs from working properly.</p> <p>There are three types:</p> <ul> <li>Type 1, the most common form, causes liver and spleen enlargement, bone pain and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fractures</a> (broken bones), and, sometimes, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">lung</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney</a> problems. It does not affect the brain. It can occur at any age.</li> <li>Type 2, which causes severe brain damage, appears in infants. Most children who have it die by age 2.</li> <li>In type 3, there may be liver and spleen enlargement. The brain is gradually affected. It usually starts in childhood or adolescence.</li> </ul> <p>Gaucher disease has no cure. Treatment options for types 1 and 3 include medicine and enzyme replacement therapy, which is usually very effective. There is no good treatment for the brain damage of types 2 and 3.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Genetics/Birth Defects Metabolic Problems Enfermedad de Gaucher Gaucher Disease Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Learn More National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Embarazo múltiple Parto múltiple <p>Si está embarazada de más de un bebé, dista mucho de estar sola. Los nacimientos múltiples están en ascenso en los Estados Unidos. ¿Por qué? Cada vez más mujeres tienen bebés después de los 30 años y muchas toman medicamentos para la fertilidad. Ambos factores incrementan potencialmente las posibilidades de tener más de un bebé. Los antecedentes familiares de gemelos también aumentan las posibilidades.</p> <p>Hace años, la mayoría de los gemelos llegaban por sorpresa. Actualmente, la mayoría de las mujeres se entera anticipadamente del embarazo múltiple. Deben ver al médico con más frecuencia que las mujeres que esperan a un solo niño ya que los embarazos múltiples deben controlarse más cuidadosamente. Los bebés de embarazos múltiples tienen mayor riesgo de nacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html">prematuramente</a>. Algunas mujeres tienen que guardar reposo en cama para demorar el parto. Finalmente, es posible que necesiten <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html">cesárea</a>, especialmente si tienen tres bebés o más. </p> <p>Después de que los bebés llegan a su casa, las mamás pueden sentirse agobiadas y exhaustas. La ayuda de voluntarios y los grupos de apoyo para padres de bebés múltiples pueden facilitar la transición. </p> Niños y adolescentes Embarazo y reproducción Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births Problemas de salud durante el embarazo Mellizos Nacimiento múltiple Trillizos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría <p>Genes are the building blocks of inheritance. Passed from parent to child, they contain instructions for making proteins. If genes don't produce the right proteins or don't produce them correctly, a child can have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic disorder</a>. </p> <p>Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. The most common form of gene therapy involves inserting a normal gene to replace an abnormal gene. Other approaches include:</p><ul> <li> Swapping an abnormal gene for a normal one</li> <li> Repairing an abnormal gene</li> <li> Altering the degree to which a gene is turned on or off</li> </ul> <p>Although there is much hope for gene therapy, it is still experimental. </p> Genetics/Birth Defects Genes y terapia genética Genetic Therapy Genes Spanish National Human Genome Research Institute Genetic Disorders Genetic Testing Human Genome Project Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Reference Desk National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Related Issues National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Reference Desk National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy Reference Desk National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Related Issues National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Related Issues National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Center for Biotechnology Information NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Society of Human Genetics Related Issues National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Reference Desk National Human Genome Research Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Reference Desk National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH Genoterapia Terapia génica <p>Los genes son los ladrillos de la herencia. Pasan de padres a hijos y contienen las instrucciones para producir proteínas. Si los genes no producen las proteínas correctas o no lo hacen correctamente, un niño puede tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">trastorno genético</a>. </p> <p>La terapia genética (también conocida como terapia génica o genoterapia) es una técnica experimental que utiliza los genes para tratar o prevenir enfermedades. La forma más común de terapia genética incluye la inserción de un gen normal para sustituir a uno anormal. Otros tipos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Intercambio de un gen anormal por uno normal </li> <li> Reparación de un gen anormal </li> <li> Alteración del grado en el que se active o se desactive un gen </li> </ul> <p>Aunque hay una gran esperanza para la terapia genética, aún es experimental.</p> Genética y defectos congénitos Genes and Gene Therapy Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano Enfermedades genéticas Pruebas genéticas Herencia Terapia genética Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Alianza Genética PDF NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Inborn genetic brain disorders <p>A genetic brain disorder is caused by a variation or a mutation in a gene. A variation is a different form of a gene. A mutation is a change in a gene. Genetic brain disorders affect the development and function of the brain.</p> <p>Some genetic brain disorders are due to random gene mutations or mutations caused by environmental exposure, such as cigarette smoke. Other disorders are inherited, which means that a mutated gene or group of genes is passed down through a family. They can also be due to a combination of both genetic changes and other outside factors.</p> <p>Some examples of genetic brain disorders include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukodystrophies.html">Leukodystrophies</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/phenylketonuria.html">Phenylketonuria</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/taysachsdisease.html">Tay-Sachs disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wilsondisease.html">Wilson disease</a></li> </ul> <p>Many people with genetic brain disorders fail to produce enough of certain proteins that influence brain development and function. These brain disorders can cause serious problems that affect the nervous system. Some have treatments to control symptoms. Some are life-threatening.</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Metabolic Problems Trastornos cerebrales genéticos Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders Cerebellar Disorders Genetic Disorders Genetic Testing Leukodystrophies Lipid Metabolism Disorders Metabolic Disorders Mitochondrial Diseases Phenylketonuria Tay-Sachs Disease Wilson Disease Brain Disorders, Inborn Genetic Maple Syrup Urine Disease Niemann-Pick Disease Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics National Urea Cycle Disorders Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Genetic counseling provides information and support to people who have, or may be at risk for, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic disorders</a>. A genetic counselor meets with you to discuss genetic risks. The counseling may be for yourself or a family member. Or you may get it when you are planning or expecting a baby. You may follow up with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">genetic testing</a>. </p> <p>There are many reasons to seek genetic counseling. You may consider it if you :</p><ul> <li>Have a personal or family history of a genetic condition or birth defect</li> <li>Are pregnant or planning to be pregnant after age 35</li> <li>Already have a child with a genetic disorder or birth defect</li> <li>Have had two or more pregnancy losses or a baby who died</li> <li>Have had ultrasound or screening tests that suggest a possible problem</li> </ul> Pregnancy and Reproduction Genetics/Birth Defects Asesoramiento genético Genetic Counseling Spanish National Human Genome Research Institute Birth Defects Family History Genetic Disorders Genetic Testing Prenatal Testing Related Issues National Society of Genetic Counselors Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Society of Genetic Counselors Start Here National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Specifics American Heart Association Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Genetic Alliance Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Find an Expert National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Reference Desk National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Children American Academy of Pediatrics <p>Genes are the building blocks of heredity. They are passed from parent to child. They hold DNA, the instructions for making proteins. Proteins do most of the work in cells. They move molecules from one place to another, build structures, break down toxins, and do many other maintenance jobs.</p> <p>Sometimes there is a mutation, a change in a gene or genes. The mutation changes the gene's instructions for making a protein, so the protein does not work properly or is missing entirely. This can cause a medical condition called a genetic disorder.</p> <p>You can inherit a gene mutation from one or both parents. A mutation can also happen during your lifetime.</p> <p>There are three types of genetic disorders:</p> <ul> <li>Single-gene disorders, where a mutation affects one gene. Sickle cell anemia is an example.</li> <li>Chromosomal disorders, where chromosomes (or parts of chromosomes) are missing or changed. Chromosomes are the structures that hold our genes. Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder.</li> <li>Complex disorders, where there are mutations in two or more genes. Often your lifestyle and environment also play a role. Colon cancer is an example.</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">Genetic tests</a> on blood and other tissue can identify genetic disorders.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Library of Medicine</p> Genetics/Birth Defects Enfermedades genéticas Genetic Diseases, Inborn Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Birth Defects Brain Malformations Celiac Disease Cleft Lip and Palate Cystic Fibrosis Down Syndrome Dwarfism Fragile X Syndrome Genetic Brain Disorders Genetic Counseling Genetic Testing Hemochromatosis Leukodystrophies Osteogenesis Imperfecta Prader-Willi Syndrome Rare Diseases Sickle Cell Disease Progeria Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Specifics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Reference Desk National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American College of Rheumatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Video Start Here Find an Expert Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Start Here National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Women American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Reference Desk National Center for Biotechnology Information NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Specifics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Progeria Research Foundation, Inc. PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Progeria Research Foundation, Inc. Journal Articles Reference Desk National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Children American Academy of Pediatrics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH <h3>What is genetic testing?</h3> <p>Genetic testing is a type of medical test that looks for changes in your DNA. DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid. It contains the genetic instructions in all living things. Genetic tests analyze your cells or tissue to look for any changes in:</p><ul> <li><strong>Genes</strong>, which are parts of DNA that carry the information needed to make a protein</li> <li><strong>Chromosomes</strong>, which are thread-like structures in your cells. They contain DNA and proteins.</li> <li><strong>Proteins</strong>, which do most of the work in your cells. Testing can look for changes in the amount and activity level of proteins. If it finds changes, it might be due to changes in your DNA.</li> </ul> <h3>Why is genetic testing done?</h3> <p>Genetic testing may be done for many different reasons, including to:</p><ul> <li>Find <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic diseases</a> in unborn babies. This is one type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html">prenatal testing</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">Screen newborn babies</a> for certain treatable conditions</li> <li>Lower the risk of genetic diseases in embryos that were created using <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">assisted reproductive technology</a></li> <li>Find out if you carry a gene for a certain disease that could be passed on to your children. This is called carrier testing.</li> <li>See whether you are at increased risk of developing a specific disease. This may be done for a disease that runs in your family.</li> <li>Diagnose certain diseases</li> <li>Identify genetic changes that may be causing or contributing to a disease that you were already diagnosed with</li> <li>Figure out how severe a disease is</li> <li>Help guide your doctor in deciding the best medicine and dosage for you. This is called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pharmacogenetic-tests/">pharmacogenomic testing</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>How is genetic testing done?</h3> <p>Genetic tests are often done on a blood or cheek swab sample. But they may also be done on samples of hair, saliva, skin, amniotic fluid (the fluid that surrounds a fetus during pregnancy), or other tissue. The sample is sent to a laboratory. There, a lab technician will use one of several different techniques to look for genetic changes.</p> <h3>What are the benefits of genetic testing?</h3> <p>The benefits of genetic testing include:</p><ul> <li>Helping doctors make recommendations for treatment or monitoring</li> <li>Giving you more information for making decisions about your health and your family's health: <ul> <li>If you find out that you are at risk for a certain disease, you might take steps to lower that risk. For example, you may find out that you should be screened for a disease earlier and more often. Or you might decide to make <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html">healthy lifestyle changes</a>.</li> <li>If you find out that you are not at risk for a certain disease, then you can skip unnecessary checkups or screenings</li> <li>A test could give you information that helps you make decisions about having children</li> </ul> </li> <li>Identifying genetic disorders early in life so treatment can be started as soon as possible</li> </ul> <h3>What are the drawbacks of genetic testing?</h3> <p>The physical risks of the different types of genetic testing are small. But there can be emotional, social, or financial drawbacks:</p><ul> <li>Depending on the results, you may feel angry, depressed, anxious, or guilty. This can be especially true if you are diagnosed with a disease that does not have effective treatments.</li> <li>You may be worried about genetic discrimination in employment or insurance</li> <li>Genetic testing may give you limited information about a genetic disease. For example, it cannot tell you whether you will have symptoms, how severe a disease might be, or whether a disease will get worse over time.</li> <li>Some genetic tests are expensive, and health insurance might only cover part of the cost. Or they may not cover it at all.</li> </ul> <h3>How do I decide whether to be tested?</h3> <p>The decision about whether to have genetic testing is complex. In addition to discussing the test with your health care provider, you can meet with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticcounseling.html">genetic counselor</a>. Genetic counselors have specialized degrees and experience in genetics and counseling. They can help you understand the tests and weigh the risks and benefits. If you do get a test, they can explain the results and make sure that you have the support that you need.</p> Pregnancy and Reproduction Genetics/Birth Defects Diagnostic Tests Pruebas genéticas Genetic Testing Spanish National Human Genome Research Institute Birth Defects Genetic Counseling Genetic Disorders Newborn Screening Prenatal Testing Paternity Testing Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Start Here National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Reference Desk National Center for Biotechnology Information NIH Find an Expert Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Statistics and Research National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Videos and Tutorials College of American Pathologists Video Start Here Nemours Foundation Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Heart Association Reference Desk National Center for Biotechnology Information NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Start Here National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Reference Desk National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Herpes genitalis <p>Genital herpes is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infection</a> (STI) caused by a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html">herpes simplex</a> virus (HSV). It can cause sores on your genital or rectal area, buttocks, and thighs. You can get it from having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has it. The virus can spread even when sores are not present. Mothers can also infect their babies during childbirth.</p> <p>Symptoms of herpes are called outbreaks. You usually get sores near the area where the virus has entered the body. The sores are blisters which break and become painful, and then heal. Sometimes people do not know they have herpes because they have no symptoms or very mild symptoms. The virus can be more serious in newborn babies or in people with weak immune systems.</p> <p>Repeat outbreaks are common, especially during the first year. Over time, you get them less often and the symptoms become milder. The virus stays in your body for life.</p> <p>There are tests that can diagnose genital herpes. There is no cure. However, medicines can help lessen symptoms, decrease outbreaks, and lower the risk of passing the virus to others. Correct usage of latex condoms can reduce, but not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading herpes. If you or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.</p> Infections Sexual Health Issues Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Herpes genital Herpes Genitalis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Herpes Simplex Sexually Transmitted Infections Herpes Genitalis Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Images VisualDX Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Condylomata acuminate Venereal warts <p>Genital warts are a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infection</a> (STI) caused by the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html">human papillomavirus</a> (HPV). The warts usually appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital area. They are flesh-colored and can be flat or look bumpy like cauliflower. Some genital warts are so small you cannot see them. In women, the warts usually occur in or around the vagina, on the cervix, or around the anus. In men, genital warts are less common. They may have warts on the tip of the penis, around the anus, or on the scrotum, thigh, or groin.</p> <p>You can get genital warts during oral, vaginal, or anal sex with an infected partner. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading HPV. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex. HPV vaccines may help prevent some of the HPV infections that cause genital warts.</p> <p>Your health care provider usually diagnoses genital warts by seeing them. The warts might disappear on their own. If not, your health care provider can treat or remove them. HPV stays in your body even after treatment, so warts can come back.</p> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Infections Sexual Health Issues Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Verrugas genitales Condylomata Acuminata Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases HPV Sexually Transmitted Infections Condylomata Acuminata Venereal Warts Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Images VisualDX Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Gastroesophageal reflux disease <p>Your esophagus is the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) happens when a muscle at the end of your esophagus does not close properly. This allows stomach contents to leak back, or reflux, into the esophagus and irritate it. </p> <p>You may feel a burning in the chest or throat called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html">heartburn</a>. Sometimes, you can taste stomach fluid in the back of the mouth. If you have these symptoms more than twice a week, you may have GERD. You can also have GERD without having heartburn. Your symptoms could include a dry cough, asthma symptoms, or trouble swallowing.</p> <p>Anyone, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html">infants</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/refluxinchildren.html">children</a>, can have GERD. If not treated, it can lead to more serious health problems. In some cases, you might need medicines or surgery. However, many people can improve their symptoms by:</p><ul> <li>Avoiding alcohol and spicy, fatty or acidic foods that trigger heartburn</li> <li>Eating smaller meals</li> <li>Not eating close to bedtime </li> <li>Losing weight if needed </li> <li>Wearing loose-fitting clothes</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Reflujo gastroesofágico Gastroesophageal Reflux Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Esophagus Disorders Heartburn Hiatal Hernia Reflux in Children Reflux in Infants Acid Reflux Gastroesophageal Reflux Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Find an Expert Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Treatments and Therapies North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Children National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Diagnosis and Tests North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition PDF <h3>What are germs?</h3> <p>Germs are microorganisms. This means that they can be seen only through a microscope. They can be found everywhere - in the air, soil, and water. There are also germs on your skin and in your body. Many germs live in and on our bodies without causing harm. Some even help us to stay healthy. But some germs can make you sick. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html">Infectious diseases</a> are diseases that are caused by germs.</p> <p>The main types of germs are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viruses</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html">fungi</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html">parasites</a>.</p> <h3>How do germs spread?</h3> <p>There are different ways that germs can spread, including:</p><ul> <li>Through touching a person who has the germs or making other close contact with them, such as kissing, hugging, or sharing cups or eating utensils</li> <li>Through breathing air after a person with the germs coughs or sneezes</li> <li>Through touching the feces (poop) of someone who has the germs, such as changing diapers, then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth</li> <li>Through touching objects and surfaces that have germs on them, then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth</li> <li>From mother to baby during pregnancy and/or childbirth</li> <li>From <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html">insect</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html">animal</a> bites</li> <li>From contaminated <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">food</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/waterpollution.html">water</a>, soil, or plants</li> </ul> <h3>How can I protect myself and others from germs?</h3> <p>You can help protect yourself and others from germs:</p><ul> <li>When you have to cough or sneeze, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or use the inside of your elbow</li> <li>Wash your hands well and often. You should scrub them for at least 20 seconds. It is important to do this when you are most likely to get and spread germs: <ul> <li>Before, during, and after preparing food</li> <li>Before eating food</li> <li>Before and after caring for someone at home who is sick with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">vomiting</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a></li> <li>Before and after treating a cut or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html">wound</a></li> <li>After using the toilet</li> <li>After changing diapers or cleaning up a child who has used the toilet</li> <li>After blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing</li> <li>After touching an animal, animal feed, or animal waste</li> <li>After handling pet food or pet treats</li> <li>After touching garbage</li> </ul> </li> <li>If soap and water are not available, you can use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol</li> <li>Stay home if you are sick</li> <li>Avoid close contact with people who are sick</li> <li>Practice <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html">food safety</a> when handling, cooking, and storing food</li> <li>Regularly <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">clean and disinfect</a> frequently touched surfaces and objects</li> </ul> Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Gérmenes e higiene Hand Sanitizers Disinfection Hand Hygiene Amharic Arabic Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Hmong Japanese Karen Khmer Korean Lao Nepali Oromo Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Thai Vietnamese Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Sanitizing Common Cold COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Flu Infection Control Body Odor Handwashing Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Prevention and Risk Factors Cystic Fibrosis Foundation PDF Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Video Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children American Academy of Dermatology Video Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH <p>Giant cell arteritis is a disorder that causes inflammation of your arteries, usually in the scalp, neck, and arms. It narrows the arteries, which keeps blood from flowing well. Giant cell arteritis often occurs with another disorder called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polymyalgiarheumatica.html">polymyalgia rheumatica</a>. Both are more common in women than in men. They almost always affect people over the age of 50.</p> <p>Early symptoms of giant cell arteritis resemble the flu: fatigue, loss of appetite, and fever. Other symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Headaches</li> <li>Pain and tenderness over the temples</li> <li>Double vision or visual loss, dizziness</li> <li>Problems with coordination and balance</li> <li>Pain in your jaw and tongue</li> </ul> <p>Your doctor will make the diagnosis based on your medical history, symptoms, and a physical exam. There is no specific test for giant cell arteritis, but you may have tests that measure inflammation.</p> <p>Treatment is usually with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">corticosteroids</a>. Early treatment is important; otherwise there is a risk of permanent vision loss or stroke. However, when properly treated, giant cell arteritis rarely comes back.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Immune System Arteritis de células gigantes Giant Cell Arteritis Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Polymyalgia Rheumatica Vasculitis Temporal Arteritis Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Rheumatology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Related Issues American Academy of Ophthalmology Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <p>Giardiasis is an illness caused by a parasite called Giardia intestinalis. It lives in soil, food, and water. It may also be on surfaces that have been contaminated with waste. You can become infected if you swallow the parasite. You can also get it if you're exposed to human feces (poop) through sexual contact.</p> <p>The risk of getting giardia is higher for travelers to countries where it is common, people in child care settings, and those who drink untreated water.</p> <p>Diarrhea is the main symptom of giardia infection. Others include:</p><ul> <li> Passing gas</li> <li> Greasy stools</li> <li> Stomach cramps</li> <li> Upset stomach or nausea </li> </ul> <p>These symptoms may lead to weight loss and loss of body fluids. Some people have no symptoms at all. Symptoms of infection often last two to six weeks. Stool sample tests can diagnose it. You often need to collect several samples to test. Doctors use several drugs to treat it. </p> <p>The best way to prevent giardia infection is to practice good hygiene, including frequent hand washing. You should not drink water that may be contaminated. You should also peel or wash fresh fruit and vegetables before eating.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Infecciones por Giardia Giardiasis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Drinking Water Parasitic Diseases Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>Glaucoma es un grupo de enfermedades que pueden dañar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opticnervedisorders.html">nervio óptico</a>. Es la principal causa de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">ceguera</a> en los Estados Unidos. Suele ocurrir cuando la presión del líquido que se encuentra dentro de los ojos aumenta lentamente y lesiona el nervio óptico. Es posible que al comienzo no haya síntomas. Sin tratamiento, las personas con glaucoma perderán la visión periférica (de lado). Sienten como que están mirando a través de un túnel. Con el tiempo, esta visión de túnel (el campo visual) puede disminuir hasta llevar a la ceguera. </p> <p>Un examen integral del ojo puede determinar si usted padece de glaucoma. Algunas personas corren más riesgo que otras. Estas tendrían que realizarse un examen completo de los ojos por lo menos una vez cada dos años. Quienes están a riesgo son:</p><ul> <li> Afroamericanos mayores de 40 años</li> <li> Personas mayores de 60 años, especialmente personas de ascendencia mexicana </li> <li> Personas con antecedentes familiares de glaucoma </li> </ul> <p>No hay cura para el glaucoma, pero puede ser controlado. El tratamiento inmediato en la primera etapa puede ayudar a proteger la pérdida de la visión. Los tratamientos suelen incluir gotas para los ojos y/o cirugía. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo </p> Personas mayores Ojos y visión Glaucoma Instituto Nacional del Ojo Enfermedades de los ojos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación para la Investigación del Glaucoma Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Bright Focus Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Bright Focus Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación para la Investigación del Glaucoma Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Instituto Nacional del Ojo PDF NIH Infografía Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación para la Investigación del Glaucoma Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Bright Focus Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Oftalmología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología <p>Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eye's <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opticnervedisorders.html">optic nerve</a>. It is a leading cause of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">blindness</a> in the United States. It usually happens when the fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises, damaging the optic nerve. Often there are no symptoms at first. Without treatment, people with glaucoma will slowly lose their peripheral, or side vision. They seem to be looking through a tunnel. Over time, straight-ahead vision may decrease until no vision remains.</p> <p>A comprehensive eye exam can tell if you have glaucoma. People at risk should get eye exams at least every two years. They include:</p><ul> <li>African Americans over age 40</li> <li>People over age 60, especially Mexican Americans</li> <li>People with a family history of glaucoma</li> </ul> <p>There is no cure, but glaucoma can usually be controlled. Early treatment can help protect your eyes against vision loss. Treatments usually include prescription eyedrops and/or surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Eye Institute</p> Older Adults Eyes and Vision Glaucoma Glaucoma Spanish National Eye Institute Eye Diseases Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Glaucoma Research Foundation Find an Expert American Foundation for the Blind Find an Expert American Optometric Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Glaucoma Research Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Ophthalmology Related Issues Glaucoma Research Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Ophthalmology Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Glaucoma Research Foundation Diagnosis and Tests BrightFocus Foundation Living With Glaucoma Research Foundation Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies BrightFocus Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images National Eye Institute NIH Living With BrightFocus Foundation Living With Glaucoma Research Foundation Treatments and Therapies Glaucoma Research Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Glaucoma Research Foundation Diagnosis and Tests U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Images BrightFocus Foundation Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology International health <p>The spread of a disease doesn't stop at a country's borders. With more people living in crowded cities and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html">traveling</a> to other countries, it's easier for germs to spread. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html">Infectious diseases</a> that start in one part of the world can quickly reach another part of the world. Some of the major diseases currently affecting countries around the globe include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html">malaria</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html">tuberculosis</a>.</p> <p>Besides the spread of diseases, there are other global health challenges. Resistance to medicines such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html">antibiotics</a> is on the rise. That makes it harder to treat certain diseases. Natural and man-made disasters create refugee populations with immediate and long-term health problems. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/climatechange.html">Climate change</a> and not enough access to food and safe water are also global problems which can affect people's health. Many countries and health organizations are working together and sharing information on these and other health issues.</p> Health System Salud global Global Health Spanish Traveler's Health International health Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research World Health Organization Specifics Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Specifics World Health Organization Specifics World Health Organization Journal Articles Specifics World Health Organization Statistics and Research World Health Organization Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert World Health Organization Azúcar en la sangre <h3>¿Qué es la glucosa en sangre?</h3> <p>La glucosa en sangre, o azúcar en la sangre, es el azúcar principal que se encuentra en la sangre. Es la principal fuente de energía de su cuerpo. Proviene de los alimentos que consume. Su cuerpo descompone la mayor parte de ese alimento en glucosa y la libera en el torrente sanguíneo. Cuando su glucosa en sangre sube, le indica a su páncreas que libere insulina. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda a que la glucosa entre en las células para ser utilizada como energía.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la diabetes?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> es una enfermedad en la que los niveles de glucosa en la sangre son demasiado altos. Cuando tiene diabetes, su cuerpo no produce suficiente insulina, no puede usarla tan bien como debería, o ambas cosas a la vez. Eso provoca que demasiada glucosa permanezca en la sangre y no llegue a las células. Con el tiempo, tener demasiada glucosa en la sangre puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html">problemas de salud</a> serios (llamadas complicaciones de la diabetes). Por ello, si tiene diabetes, es importante mantener sus niveles de glucosa en la sangre dentro de su rango objetivo.</p> <h3>¿Qué son los objetivos de glucosa en sangre?</h3> <p>Si tiene diabetes, su objetivo de glucosa en sangre (objetivo glucémico) es el rango que intenta alcanzar en lo posible. Los objetivos típicos son:</p> <ul> <li>Antes de una comida: 80 a 130 mg/dL</li> <li>Dos horas después del comienzo de una comida: Menos de 180 mg/dL</li> </ul> <p>Sus objetivos de glucosa en sangre pueden ser diferentes según su edad, algún problema de salud adicional que tenga y otros factores. Hable con su equipo de atención médica sobre el mejor rango objetivo para usted.</p> <h3>¿Cuándo y cómo debo controlar mi glucosa en sangre?</h3> <p>Si tiene diabetes, es probable que deba controlar su glucosa en sangre todos los días para asegurarse de que sus valores de glucosa en sangre se encuentren en su rango objetivo. Algunas personas pueden necesitar controlar su glucosa en sangre varias veces al día. Pregúntele a su equipo de atención médica con qué frecuencia debe revisarlo.</p> <p>La forma más común de verificar su nivel de glucosa en sangre en el hogar es con un medidor de glucosa en sangre. Un medidor de glucosa en sangre mide la cantidad de glucosa en una pequeña muestra de sangre, generalmente de la punta de su dedo.</p> <p>El monitoreo continuo de glucosa (MCG) es otra forma de verificar sus niveles de glucosa. La mayoría de los sistemas de MCG utilizan un pequeño sensor que se inserta debajo de la piel. El sensor mide su nivel de glucosa cada pocos minutos. Puede mostrar cambios en su nivel de glucosa durante el día y la noche. Un sistema de MCG es especialmente útil para las personas que usan insulina y tienen problemas de glucosa en sangre baja.</p> <p>Su profesional de la salud también controlará su glucosa en sangre con un análisis de sangre llamado hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html">A1C</a>). Este comprueba su nivel promedio de glucosa en sangre durante los últimos tres meses. En general, las personas con diabetes se hacen una prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada al menos dos veces al año. Pero es posible que necesite la prueba con más frecuencia si no cumple con sus objetivos de tratamiento de la diabetes.</p> <h3>¿Qué ocurre si mi nivel de glucosa en sangre es demasiado alto?</h3> <p>La glucemia alta se llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperglycemia.html">hiperglucemia</a>. Los síntomas de que sus niveles de glucosa en la sangre pueden ser demasiado altos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Sensación de sed</li> <li>Sentirse cansado o débil</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolores de cabeza</a></li> <li>Orinar con frecuencia</li> <li>Visión borrosa</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene a menudo niveles altos de glucosa en sangre o síntomas de niveles altos de glucosa en sangre, hable con su equipo de atención médica. Es posible que necesite un cambio en su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html">plan de alimentación</a> para la diabetes, plan de actividad física o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">medicamentos para la diabetes</a>.</p> <p>El nivel alto de glucosa en la sangre también puede ser causado por otros trastornos que pueden afectar los niveles de insulina o glucosa en la sangre. Estas afecciones incluyen problemas con el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticdiseases.html">páncreas</a> o las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html">glándulas suprarrenales</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué ocurre si mi nivel de glucosa en sangre se vuelve bajo para mí?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypoglycemia.html">hipoglucemia</a>, también llamada bajo nivel de glucosa en la sangre, ocurre cuando su nivel de glucosa en la sangre cae por debajo de lo que es saludable para usted. Para muchas personas con diabetes, esto significa una lectura de glucosa en sangre inferior a 70 mg/dL. Su cifra puede ser diferente, por lo que consulte con su equipo de atención médica para averiguar qué nivel de glucosa en sangre es bajo para usted.</p> <p>Los síntomas de un nivel bajo de glucosa en la sangre tienden a aparecer rápidamente. Los síntomas pueden ser diferentes para cada persona, pero pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Agitación</li> <li>Sudoración</li> <li>Nerviosismo o ansiedad</li> <li>Irritabilidad o confusión</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a></li> <li>Hambre</li> </ul> <p>Los niveles bajos de glucosa en sangre pueden ser comunes en las personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo 1</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a> que toman ciertos medicamentos para la diabetes. Si piensa que puede tener un nivel bajo de glucosa en la sangre, verifique su nivel aunque no tenga síntomas. Un nivel bajo de glucosa en la sangre puede ser peligroso y debe tratarse lo antes posible.</p> <p>Aunque es raro, aún puede tener un nivel bajo de glucosa en la sangre sin tener diabetes. Las causas pueden incluir afecciones como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">enfermedad del hígado</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">enfermedad renal</a> y deficiencias <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonales</a> (falta de ciertas hormonas). Algunos medicamentos, como ciertas medicinas para el corazón y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>, también pueden causarlo. Consulte a su proveedor para averiguar la causa de su nivel bajo de glucosa en sangre y cómo tratarlo.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema endocrino Problemas del metabolismo Diabetes mellitus Blood Glucose Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Carbohidratos en la dieta Diabetes Dieta para diabéticos Hiperglucemia Hipoglucemia Medicinas para la diabetes Azúcar en la sangre Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Gluten Intolerance <p>Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. It is found mainly in foods. But it may also be in other products like medicines, vitamins, and supplements. People with gluten sensitivity have problems with gluten. Gluten sensitivity may sometimes be called non-celiac gluten sensitivity or gluten intolerance.</p> <p>Gluten sensitivity is different from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html">celiac disease</a>. Both involve problems with gluten. They can also cause some of the same symptoms, such as <a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061">abdominal (belly) pain</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a>. But celiac disease causes damage to the small intestine. Gluten sensitivity does not.</p> <p>Wheat allergy, a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html">food allergy</a>, is also different from gluten sensitivity and celiac disease. A wheat allergy can cause some different symptoms, such as itchy eyes or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">trouble breathing</a>. A wheat allergy does not damage the small intestine.</p> <p>In addition to abdominal pain and fatigue, gluten sensitivity can cause digestive symptoms. They may include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html">gas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">constipation</a>. You may also have other symptoms such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">headaches</a>, joint pain, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rashes</a>.</p> <p>Researchers are still learning more about gluten sensitivity. If your health care provider thinks you have it, they may suggest that you stop eating gluten to see if your symptoms go away. However, you should first be tested to make sure that you don't have celiac disease. This may be done with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/celiac-disease-screening/">blood test</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsies</a> of the small intestine.</p> <p>The symptoms of gluten sensitivity usually get better with a gluten-free diet. But it's important to make sure that you are still getting enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">minerals</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html">fiber</a>. Your provider or a dietician can help you plan your diet.</p> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Digestive System Sensibilidad al gluten Spanish Celiac Disease Gluten Intolerance Living With Food and Drug Administration Living With Gluten Intolerance Group PDF Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With Gluten Intolerance Group Find an Expert Celiac Disease Foundation Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Gluten Intolerance Group Find an Expert Gluten Intolerance Group Start Here Gluten Intolerance Group Related Issues Gluten Intolerance Group Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Celiac Disease Foundation Children Gluten Intolerance Group Living With Celiac Disease Foundation Related Issues Johns Hopkins Medicine Start Here Gluten Intolerance Group <p>La gonorrea es una <a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144">infección de transmisión sexual (ITS)</a>. Es más común en los adultos jóvenes. La bacteria que causa la gonorrea puede infectar el tracto genital, la boca o el ano. Puede contraerse a través del sexo vaginal, oral o anal con una pareja infectada. Una mujer embarazada puede transmitírsela a su bebé durante el parto. </p> <p>Algunas veces, la gonorrea no provoca síntomas. En los hombres, la gonorrea puede causar dolor al orinar y secreción proveniente del pene. De no tratarse, puede causar problemas en la próstata y testículos. </p> <p>En las mujeres, los primeros síntomas de gonorrea generalmente son leves. A medida que pasa el tiempo, puede provocar hemorragias entre los períodos menstruales, dolor al orinar y aumento de las secreciones vaginales. De no tratarse, puede provocar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html">enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica</a>, que causa problemas en el embarazo e infertilidad. </p> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede diagnosticar la gonorrea con exámenes de laboratorio. El tratamiento consiste en antibióticos. El tratamiento se está volviendo más difícil a raíz del aumento de cepas resistentes a los medicamentos. El uso correcto de preservativos de látex reduce enormemente, aunque no elimina, el riesgo de contraer y contagiar la gonorrea. Si su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al látex</a>, puede ayudar usar condones de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor femenino Sistema reproductor masculino Gonorrhea Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones de transmisión sexual Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades The clap <p>Gonorrhea is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infection</a> (STI). It is most common in young adults. The bacteria that cause gonorrhea can infect the genital tract, mouth, or anus. You can get gonorrhea during vaginal, oral, or anal sex with an infected partner. A pregnant woman can pass it to her baby during childbirth.</p> <p>Gonorrhea does not always cause symptoms. In men, gonorrhea can cause pain when urinating and discharge from the penis. If untreated, it can cause problems with the prostate and testicles.</p> <p>In women, the early symptoms of gonorrhea often are mild. Later, it can cause bleeding between periods, pain when urinating, and increased discharge from the vagina. If untreated, it can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html">pelvic inflammatory disease</a>, which causes problems with pregnancy and infertility.</p> <p>Your health care provider will diagnose gonorrhea with lab tests. Treatment is with antibiotics. Treating gonorrhea is becoming more difficult because drug-resistant strains are increasing. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading gonorrhea. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Sexual Health Issues Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Gonorrea Gonorrhea Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Sexually Transmitted Infections Clap Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Images VisualDX Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <h3>¿Qué es la gota?</h3> <p>La gota es un tipo común de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">artritis</a> inflamatoria. Provoca dolor, inflamación y enrojecimiento en una o más articulaciones. En general, ocurre como un ataque, que puede durar una semana o dos y luego mejora. Los ataques suelen comenzar en el dedo gordo del pie o en una extremidad inferior.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la gota?</h3> <p>La gota ocurre cuando se acumula demasiado ácido úrico (urato) en el cuerpo durante un período prolongado. El ácido úrico es un producto de desecho que el cuerpo produce cuando descompone purinas, sustancias que se encuentran en los tejidos del cuerpo y en muchos alimentos.</p> <p>Cuando su cuerpo descompone células viejas o digiere alimentos que contienen purina, la mayor parte del ácido úrico que se produce se disuelve en la sangre. Los riñones filtran el ácido úrico de la sangre y este sale del cuerpo a través de la orina.</p> <p>Sin embargo, en ocasiones su cuerpo puede producir demasiado ácido úrico o no eliminarlo en cantidad suficiente. Entonces los niveles de ácido úrico aumentan en su cuerpo. Tener demasiado ácido úrico en la sangre se conoce como hiperuricemia. No causa problemas de salud a todas las personas, pero en algunas, el ácido úrico forma cristales que parecen agujas. Pueden formarse en las articulaciones, lo que causa gota. Los cristales también pueden provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallstones.html">cálculos renales</a>.</p> <p>La artritis por pirofosfato de calcio, a veces llamada pseudogota, es una enfermedad relacionada. Provoca síntomas similares y en ocasiones se confunde con gota. Pero es causada por una acumulación de fosfato de calcio, no de ácido úrico.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener gota?</h3> <p>Muchas personas desarrollan gota. Es más probable que la tenga si:</p> <ul> <li>Es hombre</li> <li>Es mayor (generalmente se desarrolla en la mediana edad)</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Tiene ciertos problemas de salud, como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Insuficiencia cardiaca</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial alta</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html">Síndrome metabólico</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">Enfermedad renal crónica</a></li> <li>Afecciones que hacen que las células se descompongan más rápidamente, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html">psoriasis</a> o algunos cánceres</li> <li>Trastornos genéticos raros que conducen a un aumento del ácido úrico</li> </ul> </li> <li>Tiene antecedentes familiares de gota</li> <li>Tiene una dieta poco saludable y consume alimentos ricos en purinas, como carnes rojas, vísceras y ciertos mariscos</li> <li>Bebe alcohol</li> <li>Consume muchos alimentos y bebidas que contienen fructosa (un tipo de azúcar)</li> <li>Toma ciertos medicamentos, como diuréticos (pastillas para eliminar el agua), aspirina en dosis bajas y algunos medicamentos que debilitan su sistema inmunitario</li> <li>Toma altas cantidades de niacina (vitamina B3)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la gota?</h3> <p>La gota suele aparecer en una sola articulación a la vez. A menudo ocurre en el dedo gordo del pie, pero también puede afectar otras articulaciones, incluyendo los otros dedos, el tobillo y la rodilla.</p> <p>Los ataques de gota suelen comenzar repentinamente por la noche y los síntomas en la articulación afectada suelen incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor intenso, que puede ser lo suficientemente fuerte como para despertarlo</li> <li>Inflamación</li> <li>Enrojecimiento</li> <li>Calor en el área afectada</li> </ul> <p>Los brotes suelen mejorar en una semana o dos. Entre los ataques, normalmente no ocurren síntomas. Algunas personas pueden tener ataques frecuentes, mientras que otras pueden no tener otro ataque durante años. Pero con el tiempo, si no se tratan, estos pueden ocurrir más seguidos y durar más.</p> <p>Y si la gota no se trata durante largos períodos de tiempo, se puede desarrollar tofos. Los tofos son depósitos duros de ácido úrico debajo de la piel. Al principio son indoloros, pero con el tiempo pueden causar dolor. También pueden provocar daños a los huesos y tejidos blandos y deformar las articulaciones.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la gota?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene gota, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Analizará su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Realizará un examen físico, incluyendo un examen de las articulaciones afectadas</li> <li>Puede solicitar diversas pruebas, como: <ul> <li>Un análisis de una muestra de líquido de una de sus articulaciones dolorosas. El líquido se examina bajo un microscopio y se comprueba si hay cristales de ácido úrico</li> <li>Una prueba de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-acido-urico/">ácido úrico en sangre u orina</a></li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ecografía</a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> especial para buscar acumulación de cristales de ácido úrico en la articulación afectada y detectar otras afecciones que puedan estar causando los síntomas</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la gota?</h3> <p>Hay tratamientos efectivos para la gota. El tratamiento que reciba depende de sus síntomas y de la causa de la afección. Los objetivos del tratamiento son:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Reducir el dolor de los ataques de gota</strong> mediante el uso de medicamentos como: <ul> <li>Medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroides (AINE) como el ibuprofeno</li> <li>Acetaminofén y el fármaco antiinflamatorio colchicina</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">Corticoides</a> orales o inyectados</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Prevenir futuros ataques,</strong> por ejemplo: <ul> <li>Haciendo cambios en el estilo de vida, como bajar de peso, limitar el consumo de alcohol y evitar alimentos con alto contenido de purinas. Si está tomando medicamentos que pueden causar niveles altos de ácido úrico en la sangre, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que suspenda o cambie esos medicamentos</li> <li>Si es necesario, tomar medicamentos para reducir el ácido úrico en la sangre</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Prevenir los tofos y los cálculos renales,</strong> por ejemplo, con medicamentos que reducen el ácido úrico en la sangre</li> </ul> <p>Con un diagnóstico temprano, tratamiento y cambios en el estilo de vida, la gota es una de las formas de artritis más controlables. El tratamiento y los cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar a las personas a evitar los ataques de gota, disminuir sus síntomas y, en ocasiones, incluso liberarse de la gota.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Gout Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Artritis Hiperuricemia Seudogota Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de la Artritis Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Gouty arthritis <h3>What is gout?</h3> <p>Gout is a common type of inflammatory <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">arthritis</a>. It causes pain, swelling, and redness in one or more joints. It usually happens as a flare, which can last for a week or two and then gets better. The flares often begin in your big toe or a lower limb.</p> <h3>What causes gout?</h3> <p>Gout happens when too much uric acid (urate) builds up in your body over a long time. Uric acid is a waste product your body makes when it breaks down purines. Purines are substances that are in your body's tissues and in many foods.</p> <p>When your body breaks down old cells or digests foods that contain purine, most of the uric acid that's made dissolves in your blood. Your kidneys filter the uric acid out of your blood, and it leaves your body in your urine (pee).</p> <p>However, sometimes your body can make too much uric acid or does not remove enough of it. Then the uric acid levels build up in your body, including in your blood. Having too much uric acid in the blood is called hyperuricemia. It does not cause health problems for everyone. But in some people, uric acid forms needle-like crystals. They can form in your joints, which causes gout. The crystals can also cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneystones.html">kidney stones</a>.</p> <p>Calcium pyrophosphate arthritis, sometimes called pseudogout, is a related disease. It causes similar symptoms and is sometimes confused with gout. But it is caused by a buildup of calcium phosphate, not uric acid.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop gout? </h3> <p>Many people develop gout. You are more likely to get it if you:</p> <ul> <li>Are male.</li> <li>Are older; it usually develops in middle age.</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>.</li> <li>Have certain health conditions, such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html">Metabolic syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">Chronic kidney disease</a></li> <li>Conditions that cause your cells to break down more quickly, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html">psoriasis</a> or some cancers</li> <li>Rare genetic conditions that lead to increased uric acid</li> </ul> </li> <li>Have a family history of gout.</li> <li>Have an unhealthy diet and eat foods that are rich in purines, such as red meat, organ meats, certain seafoods.</li> <li>Drink alcohol.</li> <li>Eat and drink lots of foods and beverages that contain fructose (a type of sugar).</li> <li>Take certain medicines, such as diuretics (water pills), low-dose aspirin, and some medicines that weaken your immune system.</li> <li>Take high amounts of niacin (vitamin B-3).</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of gout?</h3> <p>Gout usually happens in only one joint at a time. It is often found in the big toe, but can also affect other joints, including your other toes, ankle, and knee.</p> <p>Gout flares often start suddenly at night, and the symptoms in the affected joint often include:</p> <ul> <li>Intense pain, which may be bad enough to wake you up</li> <li>Swelling</li> <li>Redness</li> <li>Warmth</li> </ul> <p>The flares typically get better within a week or two. In between flares, you usually don't have symptoms. Some people may have flares often, while others may not have another flare for years. But over time, if left untreated, your flares may happen more often and last longer. </p> <p>And if gout is untreated over long periods of time, you can develop tophi. Tophi are hard, uric acid deposits under the skin. They start out as painless, but over time, they can become painful. They can also cause bone and soft tissue damage and misshapen joints.</p> <h3>How is gout diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have gout, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms.</li> <li>Will do a physical exam, including examining the affected joint(s).</li> <li>May order various tests, such as: <ul> <li>A test of a sample of fluid from one of your painful joints. The fluid is examined under a microscope and is checked for uric acid crystals.</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/uric-acid-test/">uric acid blood or urine test</a>.</li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a> or special <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a> to look for uric acid crystal buildup in the affected joint and check for other conditions that may be causing the symptoms.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for gout?</h3> <p>There are effective treatments for gout. Which treatment you get will depend on your symptoms and the cause of your gout. The goals of your treatment will be to:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Reduce the pain from gout flares,</strong> by using medicines such as: <ul> <li>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen.</li> <li>Acetaminophen and the anti-inflammatory drug colchicine.</li> <li>Oral or injected <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">corticosteroids</a>.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Prevent future flares,</strong> for example by: <ul> <li>Making lifestyle changes such as losing weight, limiting alcohol, and avoiding foods high in purines. If you are taking medicines that can cause high uric acid in the blood, your provider may suggest stopping or changing those medicines.</li> <li>If needed, taking medicines to lower uric acid in the blood.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Prevent tophi and kidney stones,</strong> for example with medicines that lower uric acid in the blood.</li> </ul> <p>With early diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle changes, gout is one of the most controllable forms of arthritis. Treatment and lifestyle changes may help people avoid gout flares, lessen their symptoms, and sometimes even become gout free.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Gota Gout Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Korean Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Arthritis Chondrocalcinosis Hyperuricemia Pseudogout Statistics and Research Arthritis Foundation PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American College of Rheumatology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Images VisualDX Start Here American College of Rheumatology Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Arthritis Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American College of Rheumatology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies American College of Rheumatology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Granulomatosis de Wegener <p>La granulomatosis con poliangeítis, conocida anteriormente como granulomatosis de Wegener, es una enfermedad rara. Es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html">vasculitis</a> o inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos. La inflamación limita el flujo de sangre hacia órganos importantes y provoca daños. Puede afectar cualquier órgano, pero afecta principalmente los senos paranasales, la nariz, la tráquea, los pulmones y los riñones. </p> <p>Se desconoce la causa de la granulomatosis con poliangeítis. Puede afectar a personas de cualquier edad. Hombres y mujeres la sufren por igual. Es más común en caucásicos. Los síntomas pueden incluir dolor de las articulaciones, debilidad, cansancio y síntomas gripales como secreción nasal que no mejora. Los médicos utilizan análisis de sangre, radiografías de tórax y biopsias para diagnosticar la enfermedad y descartar otras causas según los síntomas. </p> <p>El tratamiento temprano es importante. La mayoría de las personas mejora con medicinas reducen o detienen la inflamación. </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Riñones y sistema urinario Pulmón y vías respiratorias Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Granulomatosis de Wegener Wegener Más información Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH GPA Wegener's Granulomatosis <p>Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously known as Wegener's granulomatosis, is a rare disease. It is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html">vasculitis</a>, or inflammation of the blood vessels. The inflammation limits the flow of blood to important organs, causing damage. It can affect any organ, but it mainly affects the sinuses, nose, trachea (windpipe), lungs, and kidneys. </p> <p>The cause of GPA is unknown. It can affect people at any age. Men and women are equally affected. It is more common in whites. Symptoms may include joint pain, weakness, tiredness, and cold symptoms such as a runny nose that doesn't get better. Doctors use blood tests, chest X-rays, and biopsies to diagnose GPA and rule out other causes of the symptoms.</p> <p>Early treatment is important. Most people improve with medicines to slow or stop the inflammation. </p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Kidneys and Urinary System Lungs and Breathing Granulomatosis con poliangeítis Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Wegener's Granulomatosis Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Learn More American College of Rheumatology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Learn More Vasculitis Foundation <p>La grasa es un tipo de nutriente. Usted necesita un poco de grasa en su dieta pero no demasiada. La grasa es una fuente de energía y ayuda al cuerpo a absorber vitaminas. También tiene un rol importante en los niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a>. </p> <p>No todas las grasas son iguales. Usted debe intentar evitar:</p><ul> <li>Las grasas saturadas como la mantequilla, grasa sólida y grasa de cerdo </li> <li>Las grasas <em>trans</em>, que se encuentran en las grasas vegetales, ciertas margarinas, galletas saladas y dulces, los bocadillos y otras comidas hechas o fritas con aceites parcialmente hidrogenados </li> </ul> <p>Trate de reemplazar estas grasas por aceites como el de canola, oliva, cártamo, sésamo y girasol. Por supuesto, consumir demasiadas grasas hará que suba de peso. La grasa tiene el doble de calorías que las proteínas o hidratos de carbono. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Alimentos y nutrición Dietary Fats Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Colesterol Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón Nutrición Triglicéridos Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Gripa Influenza Trancazo <h3>¿Qué es la gripe?</h3> <p>La gripe, también llamada influenza, es una infección respiratoria causada por virus. Cada año, millones de personas se enferman de gripe. En ocasiones, causa una enfermedad leve, pero también puede ser grave e incluso mortal, especialmente para personas mayores de 65 años, recién nacidos y personas con ciertas enfermedades crónicas.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la gripe?</h3> <p>La gripe es causada por el virus de la influenza que se transmite de persona a persona. Cuando alguien con gripe tose, estornuda o habla, expulsa pequeñas gotas. Estas gotitas pueden caer en la boca o en la nariz de las personas que están cerca. Con menos frecuencia, una persona puede contraer la gripe al tocar una superficie u objeto que tiene el virus de la gripe y luego tocarse la boca, la nariz o posiblemente los ojos.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la gripe?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la gripe aparecen de repente y pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a> o sensación de fiebre y escalofríos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html">Dolor de garganta</a></li> <li>Goteo o congestión nasal</li> <li>Dolores musculares o del cuerpo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a> (cansancio)</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas también pueden tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">vómitos</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a>. Esto es más común en los niños.</p> <p>En ocasiones, las personas tienen problemas para saber si tienen un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfrío</a> o la gripe, pero hay diferencias entre ellos:</p> <table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="90%"> <thead> <tr> <th>Signos y síntomas</th> <th>Resfriado</th> <th>Gripe</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Comienzo de síntomas</td> <td>Gradual</td> <td>Repentino</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Fiebre</td> <td>Rara vez</td> <td>Normal</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Dolores</td> <td>A veces (leve)</td> <td>Normal</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Fatiga, debilidad</td> <td>A veces</td> <td>Normal</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Dolor de cabeza</td> <td>Rara vez</td> <td>Común</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Congestión, estornudos o dolor de garganta</td> <td>Común</td> <td>A veces</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br/>A veces, las personas dicen que tienen una "gripe" cuando realmente tienen otra cosa. Por ejemplo, la "gripe estomacal" no es gripe, sino <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html">gastroenteritis</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la gripe?</h3> <p>Algunas personas que contraen la gripe pueden desarrollar complicaciones. Algunas de ellas pueden ser graves o incluso potencialmente mortales. Estas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html">Bronquitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html">Infección de oído</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html">Sinusitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">Neumonía</a></li> <li>Inflamación del corazón (miocarditis), cerebro (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html">encefalitis</a>) o tejidos musculares (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myositis.html">miositis</a>, rabdomiolisis)</li> </ul> <p>La gripe también puede empeorar problemas de salud crónicos. Por ejemplo, las personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">asma</a> pueden tener ataques de asma mientras tienen gripe.</p> <p>Algunas personas tienen más probabilidades de tener complicaciones de la gripe, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Adultos mayores de 65 años</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">Mujeres embarazadas</a></li> <li>Niños menores de 5 años</li> <li>Personas con ciertas afecciones crónicas de salud, como asma, diabetes y enfermedades del corazón</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la gripe?</h3> <p>Para diagnosticar la gripe, los profesionales de la salud primero harán un historial médico y preguntarán sobre sus síntomas. Hay varias <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-gripe-influenza/">pruebas para la gripe</a>. Su profesional médico le pasará un hisopo por el interior de la nariz o la parte posterior de la garganta. Luego se examinará el hisopo para detectar el virus de la gripe.</p> <p>Algunas pruebas son rápidas y tienen los resultados entre 15 y 20 minutos. Pero estas no son tan precisas como otras pruebas, las que pueden demorarse una o varias horas en tener los resultados.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la gripe?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas con gripe se recuperan solas sin atención médica. Las personas con casos leves de gripe deben quedarse en casa y evitar el contacto con otras personas, excepto para recibir atención médica.</p> <p>Pero si tiene síntomas de gripe y está en un grupo de alto riesgo o está muy enfermo o preocupado por su afección, contacte a su profesional de la salud. Es posible que necesite medicamentos antivirales para tratar su gripe. Los antivirales pueden aliviar la enfermedad y acortar el tiempo que esté enfermo. También pueden prevenir las complicaciones graves de la gripe. Por lo general, funcionan mejor cuando comienza a tomarlos dentro de los 2 días de haberse enfermado.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la gripe?</h3> <p>La mejor manera de prevenir la gripe es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html">vacunarse</a> todos los años. Pero también es importante tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">buenos hábitos</a> de salud, como cubrirse la tos con el brazo y lavarse las manos con frecuencia. Esto puede ayudar a detener la propagación de gérmenes y prevenir la gripe.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Pulmón y vías respiratorias Flu Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Gripe aviar Gripe H1N1 (gripe porcina) Infecciones virales Resfrío Vacuna para la gripe Flu Influenza Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Mujeres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Mujeres Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Personas mayores Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Video Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Gripe aviaria Gripe del pollo H5N1 H7N9 <h3>¿Qué es la gripe aviar?</h3> <p>Las aves, al igual que las personas, pueden contraer la gripe. Otro nombre para la gripe aviar es influenza aviar. Los virus que causan la gripe aviar normalmente sólo infectan a las aves, incluyendo gallinas, otras aves de corral y aves silvestres como los patos. Pero, en ocasiones, los virus pueden infectar a otros animales y, en casos raros, a personas. Pocos tipos de estos virus han causado la mayoría de las infecciones en personas. Estos son los virus H5N1, H7N9 y H5N6. Estas infecciones se han producido en personas principalmente en Asia, África, Europa, el Pacífico y el Cercano Oriente. Aunque es muy raro, también han habido algunas infecciones en personas en los Estados Unidos.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se contrae la gripe aviar?</h3> <p>Las formas más comunes de contraer la gripe aviar son:</p> <ul> <li>Tocarse los ojos, la nariz o la boca después de manipular aves infectadas, vivas o muertas</li> <li>Tocar superficies o manipular artículos contaminados por los virus de la gripe aviar y luego tocarse los ojos, la nariz o la boca</li> <li>Respirar gotitas o polvo contaminado con el virus</li> </ul> <p>También es posible (pero muy raro) contraer la gripe aviar a través de:</p> <ul> <li>Otro tipo de animal con gripe aviar. La gripe aviar también puede infectar a muchos otros animales, incluyendo perros, gatos, ciertos animales salvajes y de zoológicos, y ganado como el ganado vacuno. Estos animales luego pueden transmitir la gripe a las personas</li> <li>Otra persona</li> <li>Comer aves, huevos y carne de res que no fueron manipulados ni cocinados adecuadamente</li> <li>Beber leche cruda</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de contraer la gripe aviar?</h3> <p>Ciertas personas pueden tener más probabilidades de contraer gripe aviar, entre ellas:</p> <ul> <li>Trabajadores avícolas</li> <li>Cuidadores de animales</li> <li>Biólogos de vida silvestre</li> <li>Trabajadores de control de enfermedades</li> <li>Trabajadores de laboratorio de investigación</li> <li>Veterinarios</li> <li>Personas que viajan a países donde hay gripe aviar</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la gripe aviar en humanos?</h3> <p>En ocasiones, la gripe aviar no causa ningún síntoma. Pero si se siente enfermo, sus síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves. A menudo, los síntomas son similares a los de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a> (estacional), por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a> (aunque no todas las personas presentan fiebre)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html">Dolor de garganta</a></li> <li>Secreción o congestión nasal</li> <li>Dolores musculares o corporales</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li>Enrojecimiento de los ojos (conjuntivitis)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a></li> </ul> <p>Las personas con enfermedades graves por la gripe aviar pueden tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a> y es posible que deban ser hospitalizadas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la gripe aviar?</h3> <p>Para diagnosticar la gripe aviar se usan pruebas de laboratorio. En general, se realiza un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/hisopado-nasal/">hisopado nasal o de garganta</a>. Esta prueba es más precisa cuando el hisopo se recolecta durante los primeros días de la enfermedad.</p> <p>Para las personas que están gravemente enfermas, los profesional es de la salud pueden realizar pruebas de una muestra diferente, como el líquido tomado durante un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/">lavado broncoalveolar</a> u otro procedimiento.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la gripe aviar?</h3> <p>La gripe aviar se trata con medicamentos antivirales. Es importante conseguirlos lo antes posible. Los medicamentos pueden hacer que su enfermedad sea menos grave. También es posible que le administren medicamentos antivirales si estuvo expuesto a una persona o animal con el virus. Esto puede ayudar a evitar que se enferme.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la gripe aviar?</h3> <p>Actualmente no hay ninguna vacuna disponible para la población. El gobierno ha desarrollado un virus similar a algunos virus H5N1. El virus podría usarse para producir una vacuna para las personas, si fuera necesario.</p> <p>Es importante tomar precauciones para prevenir la gripe aviar:</p> <ul> <li>Si tiene un trabajo o pasatiempo que le pone en contacto con aves u otros animales, asegúrese de utilizar el equipo de protección adecuado</li> <li>De lo contrario, trate de evitar el contacto directo con aves silvestres y otros animales</li> <li>Lávese las manos con agua y jabón después de tocar pájaros u otros animales</li> <li>Dado que es posible contraer la gripe aviar a través de algunos alimentos, asegúrese de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html">manipular y cocinar los alimentos</a> de manera segura y evitar la leche cruda</li> </ul> Infecciones Pulmón y vías respiratorias Bird Flu Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Gripe del pollo Pollo, Gripe Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades 2009 H1N1 G5N Gripe A Gripe AH1N1 Gripe porcina Influenza A Influenza porcina <p>La gripe porcina es una infección causada por un virus. Se llama así por un virus que los cerdos contraen. La gente, generalmente, no contrae esta gripe pero pueden darse infecciones. En 2009, una cepa de gripe porcina llamada H1N1 infectó a varias personas alrededor del mundo.</p> <p>El virus es contagioso y puede diseminarse de persona a persona. Los síntomas de la gripe porcina son similares a los síntomas de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a> común e incluyen fiebre, tos, picazón de garganta, dolor muscular, dolor de cabeza, escalofríos y fatiga. </p> <p> Existen algunas medicinas antivirales que usted puede tomar para prevenir o tratar la gripe porcina y hay una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html">vacuna</a> contra esta gripe. Usted puede prevenir la propagación de gérmenes que causan enfermedades respiratorias como la gripe de esta manera:</p><ul> <li>Cúbrase su nariz y boca con un pañuelo cuando tosa o estornude. Tire el pañuelo a la basura una vez usado.</li> <li>Lávese las manos con agua y jabón, sobre todo después de toser o estornudar. También puede usar alcohol en gel.</li> <li>Evite tocarse los ojos, nariz o boca. Así se diseminan los gérmenes.</li> <li>Trate de evitar el contacto con gente enferma.</li> <li>Quédese en su casa y no vaya a trabajar o a la escuela si usted está enfermo.</li> </ul> <p class=""> Centro para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Pulmón y vías respiratorias H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) 2009 H1N1 Cerdo, Gripe Chancho, Gripe G5N Gripa porcina Gripe A H1N1 Influenza porcina Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>Does your child seem much shorter - or much taller - than other kids his or her age? It could be normal. Some children may be small for their age but still be developing normally. Some children are short or tall because their parents are.</p> <p>But some children have growth disorders. Growth disorders are problems that prevent children from developing normal height, weight, sexual maturity or other features.</p> <p>Very slow or very fast growth can sometimes signal a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarydisorders.html">gland problem</a> or disease.</p> <p>The pituitary gland makes growth hormone, which stimulates the growth of bone and other tissues. Children who have too little of it may be very short. Treatment with growth hormone can stimulate growth.</p> <p>People can also have too much growth hormone. Usually the cause is a pituitary gland tumor, which is not cancer. Too much growth hormone can cause gigantism in children, where their bones and their body grow too much. In adults, it can cause acromegaly, which makes the hands, feet and face larger than normal. Possible treatments include surgery to remove the tumor, medicines, and radiation therapy.</p> Children and Teenagers Endocrine System Trastornos de crecimiento Growth Disorders Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Dwarfism Endocrine Diseases Hormones Pituitary Disorders Turner Syndrome Acromegaly Failure to Thrive Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert Endocrine Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics Endocrine Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics PDF Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics PDF Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation <p>Good posture is about more than standing up straight so you can look your best. It is an important part of your long-term health. Making sure that you hold your body the right way, whether you are moving or still, can prevent pain, injuries, and other health problems.</p> <h3>What is posture?</h3> <p>Posture is how you hold your body. There are two types:</p><ul> <li><strong>Dynamic posture</strong> is how you hold yourself when you are moving, like when you are walking, running, or bending over to pick up something.</li> <li><strong>Static posture</strong> is how you hold yourself when you are not moving, like when you are sitting, standing, or sleeping.</li> </ul> <p>It is important to make sure that you have good dynamic and static posture.</p> <p>The key to good posture is the position of your spine. Your spine has three natural curves - at your neck, mid back, and low back. Correct posture should maintain these curves, but not increase them. Your head should be above your shoulders, and the top of your shoulder should be over the hips.</p> <h3>How can posture affect my health?</h3> <p>Poor posture can be bad for your health. Slouching or slumping over can:</p><ul> <li>Misalign your musculoskeletal system</li> <li>Wear away at your spine, making it more fragile and prone to injury</li> <li>Cause neck, shoulder, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html">back pain</a></li> <li>Decrease your flexibility</li> <li>Affect how well your joints move</li> <li>Affect your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html">balance</a> and increase your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">falling</a></li> <li>Make it harder to digest your food</li> <li>Make it harder to breathe</li> </ul> <h3>How can I improve my posture in general?</h3> <p> </p><ul> <li><strong>Be mindful of your posture</strong> during everyday activities, like watching television, washing dishes, or walking</li> <li><strong>Stay active.</strong> Any kind of exercise may help improve your posture, but certain types of exercises can be especially helpful. They include yoga, tai chi, and other classes that focus on body awareness. It is also a good idea to do exercises that strengthen your core (muscles around your back, abdomen, and pelvis).</li> <li><strong>Maintain a healthy weight.</strong> Extra weight can weaken your abdominal muscles, cause problems for your pelvis and spine, and contribute to low back pain. All of these can hurt your posture.</li> <li><strong>Wear comfortable, low-heeled shoes.</strong> High heels, for example, can throw off your balance and force you to walk differently. This puts more stress on your muscles and harms your posture.</li> <li><strong>Make sure work surfaces are at a comfortable height</strong> for you, whether you're sitting in front of a computer, making dinner, or eating a meal.</li> </ul> <h3>How can I improve my posture when sitting?</h3> <p>Many Americans spend a lot of their time sitting - either at work, at school, or at home. It is important to sit properly, and to take frequent breaks:</p><ul> <li><strong>Switch sitting positions</strong> often</li> <li><strong>Take brief walks</strong> around your office or home</li> <li><strong>Gently stretch your muscles</strong> every so often to help relieve muscle tension</li> <li><strong>Don't cross your legs;</strong> keep your feet on the floor, with your ankles in front of your knees</li> <li><strong>Make sure that your feet touch the floor,</strong> or if that's not possible, use a footrest</li> <li><strong>Relax your shoulders;</strong> they should not be rounded or pulled backwards</li> <li><strong>Keep your elbows in close to your body.</strong> They should be bent between 90 and 120 degrees.</li> <li><strong>Make sure that your back is fully supported.</strong> Use a back pillow or other back support if your chair does not have a backrest that can support your lower back's curve.</li> <li><strong>Make sure that your thighs and hips are supported.</strong> You should have a well-padded seat, and your thighs and hips should be parallel to the floor.</li> </ul> <img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/ManSitting.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid"/><img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/WomanSitting3.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid"/> <h3>How can I improve my posture when standing?</h3> <p> </p><ul> <li><strong>Stand up straight and tall</strong></li> <li><strong>Keep your shoulders back</strong></li> <li><strong>Pull your stomach in</strong></li> <li><strong>Put your weight mostly on the balls of your feet</strong></li> <li><strong>Keep your head level</strong></li> <li><strong>Let your arms hang down naturally at your sides</strong></li> <li><strong>Keep your feet about shoulder-width apart</strong></li> </ul> <img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/ManStanding.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid"/><img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/WomanStanding2.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid"/> <p>With practice, you can improve your posture; you will look and feel better.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Guía para una buena postura Posture Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Posture Learn More National Jewish Health Learn More Occupational Safety and Health Administration Learn More National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More American Chiropractic Association Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Journal Articles Learn More National Jewish Health Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Acute idiopathic polyneuritis Acute inflammatory polyneuropathy Infectious polyneuritis Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome <p>Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare disorder that causes your immune system to attack your peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS nerves connect your brain and spinal cord with the rest of your body. Damage to these nerves makes it hard for them to transmit signals. As a result, your muscles have trouble responding to your brain. No one knows what causes the syndrome. Sometimes it is triggered by an infection, surgery, or a vaccination. </p> <p>The first symptom is usually weakness or a tingling feeling in your legs. The feeling can spread to your upper body. In severe cases, you become almost paralyzed. This is life-threatening. You might need a respirator to breathe. Symptoms usually worsen over a period of weeks and then stabilize.</p> <p> Guillain-Barre can be hard to diagnose. Possible tests include nerve tests and a spinal tap. Most people recover. Recovery can take a few weeks to a few years. Treatment can help symptoms, and may include medicines or a procedure called plasma exchange.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Síndrome de Guillain-Barré Guillain-Barre Syndrome Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Autoimmune Diseases Paralysis Peripheral Nerve Disorders Find an Expert Autoimmune Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children GBS/CIDP Foundation International Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Related Issues Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics GBS/CIDP Foundation International Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Periodontal disease <p>If you have gum disease, you're not alone. Many U.S. adults currently have some form of the disease. It ranges from simple gum inflammation, called gingivitis, to serious damage to the tissue and bone supporting the teeth. In the worst cases, you can lose teeth.</p> <p>In gingivitis, the gums become red and swollen. They can bleed easily. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease. You can usually reverse it with daily brushing and flossing and regular cleanings by a dentist or dental hygienist. Untreated gingivitis can lead to periodontitis. If you have periodontitis, the gums pull away from the teeth and form pockets that become infected. If not treated, the bones, gums and connective tissue that support the teeth are destroyed.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</p> Mouth and Teeth Enfermedades de las encías Gingival Diseases Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hmong Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Periodontal Disease Plaque, Dental Start Here American Academy of Periodontology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert American Academy of Periodontology Find an Expert American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Periodontology Teenagers Nemours Foundation Men American Academy of Periodontology Related Issues American Academy of Periodontology Women American Academy of Periodontology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Related Issues American Academy of Periodontology Videos and Tutorials National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Start Here National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Periodontology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Heart Association PDF Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Periodontology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Guía para pararse bien Guía para sentarse bien Guía para una buena postura corporal <p>Una buena postura es más que pararse derecho para verse mejor. Es una parte importante de su salud a largo plazo. El mantener su cuerpo en la posición correcta, ya sea que esté en movimiento o quieto, puede ayudarle a evitar dolores, lesiones y otros problemas de salud.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la postura?</h3> <p>La postura es cómo mantiene o sostiene su cuerpo. Hay dos tipos:</p> <ul> <li>La <strong>postura dinámica</strong> se refiere a cómo se sostiene al moverse, como cuando está caminando, corriendo o al agacharse para recoger algo </li> <li>La <strong>postura estática</strong> se refiere a cómo se mantiene cuando no está en movimiento, como cuando está sentado, de pie o durmiendo</li> </ul> <p>Es importante mantener una buena postura dinámica y estática.</p> <p>La clave para lograr una buena postura es la posición de su columna vertebral. Su columna vertebral tiene tres curvas naturales: En el cuello, en la parte media de la espalda y en la parte baja de la espalda. La postura correcta debería mantener estas curvas, pero no aumentarlas. Su cabeza debe mantenerse erguida sobre sus hombros y sus hombros deben alinearse con sus caderas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puede la postura afectar mi salud?</h3> <p>Una mala postura puede ser perjudicial para su salud. Andar encorvado o agachado puede:</p> <ul> <li>Desalinear su sistema musculoesquelético</li> <li>Desgastar su columna vertebral, haciéndola más frágil y con tendencia a lesiones</li> <li>Causar dolor en el cuello, hombros y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html">espalda</a></li> <li>Disminuir su flexibilidad</li> <li>Afectar la forma correcta de cómo se mueven sus articulaciones</li> <li> Afectar su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html">equilibrio</a> y aumentar su riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">caerse</a></li> <li>Hacer más difícil digerir la comida</li> <li> Dificultar la respiración</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo mejorar mi postura en general?</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Tenga en cuenta su postura</strong> durante sus actividades diarias, como mirar televisión, lavar los platos o caminar</li> <li><strong>Manténgase activo.</strong> Cualquier tipo de ejercicio puede ayudar a mejorar su postura, pero ciertos tipos de ejercicios pueden ser especialmente útiles. Por ejemplo, yoga, tai chi y otros tipos que se centran en la conciencia del cuerpo. También es una buena idea hacer ejercicios que fortalezcan los músculos alrededor de la espalda, el abdomen y la pelvis</li> <li><strong>Mantenga un peso saludable.</strong> El peso extra puede debilitar los músculos abdominales, causar problemas de la pelvis y la columna vertebral y contribuir al dolor lumbar (espalda baja). Todo esto puede dañar tu postura</li> <li><strong>Use zapatos cómodos de tacón bajo.</strong> Los tacones altos pueden afectar su equilibrio y obligarlo a caminar de manera diferente. Esto puede aumentar la presión sobre sus músculos y dañar su postura</li> <li><strong>Asegúrese de que las superficies de trabajo estén a una altura cómoda para usted</strong>, ya sea al estar sentado frente a una computadora, preparando la cena o comiendo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo mejorar mi postura cuando estoy sentado?</h3> <p>Muchas personas pasan demasiado tiempo sentadas, ya sea en el trabajo, la escuela o en casa. Es importante sentarse correctamente y tomar descansos frecuentes:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cambie frecuentemente su posición</strong> al estar sentado </li> <li><strong>Haga caminatas breves</strong> alrededor de su oficina o casa</li> <li><strong>Estire sus músculos suavemente</strong> de vez en cuando para ayudar a aliviar la tensión muscular</li> <li><strong>No cruce las piernas.</strong> Mantenga los pies en el piso con los tobillos un poco más adelante de sus rodillas</li> <li><strong>Asegúrese de que sus pies toquen el piso.</strong> Si eso no es posible, use un reposapiés</li> <li><strong>Relaje sus hombros.</strong> No deben encorvarse o estar tirados hacia atrás</li> <li><strong>Mantenga los codos cerca de su cuerpo.</strong> Deben doblarse entre 90 y 120 grados</li> <li><strong>Asegúrese de que su espalda tenga un buen apoyo.</strong> Use una almohada u otro soporte si su silla no tiene respaldo para la curva de la parte baja de la espalda</li> <li><strong>Asegúrese de que sus muslos y caderas estén bien apoyados.</strong> Debe tener un asiento bien acolchado y sus muslos y caderas deben estar paralelos al piso</li> </ul><img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/ManSitting.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid" /><img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/WomanSitting3.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid" /> <h3>¿Cómo puedo mejorar mi postura cuando estoy parado?</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Póngase de pie en forma derecha</strong></li> <li><strong>Mantenga sus hombros atrás</strong></li> <li><strong>Evite que su estómago sobresalga</strong></li> <li><strong>Coloque su peso principalmente en las puntas de tus pies</strong></li> <li><strong>Mantenga su cabeza erguida</strong></li> <li><strong>Deje que sus brazos cuelguen naturalmente a los lados</strong></li> <li><strong>Mantenga los pies separados a la altura de los hombros</strong></li> </ul><img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/ManStanding.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid" /><img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/WomanStanding2.jpg" alt="" class="scale-with-grid" /> <p>Con práctica puede mejorar tu postura, y se verá y se sentirá mejor.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Guide to Good Posture Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Postura corporal, Guía Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Higiene para la prevención de infecciones <h3>¿Qué son los gérmenes?</h3> <p>Los gérmenes son microorganismos. Esto significa que solo se pueden ver con un microscopio. Se pueden encontrar en todas partes, como en el aire, el suelo y el agua. También hay gérmenes en su piel y en su cuerpo. Muchos gérmenes viven dentro y sobre nuestros cuerpos sin causar daño. Algunos incluso nos ayudan a mantenernos saludables. Pero algunos gérmenes pueden causar enfermedades. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html">enfermedades infecciosas</a> son causadas por gérmenes.</p> <p>Los principales tipos de gérmenes son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">bacterias</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virus</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html"> hongos</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html">parásitos</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se propagan los gérmenes?</h3> <p>Hay diferentes formas en que los gérmenes pueden propagarse, como:</p> <ul> <li>Al tocar a una persona con gérmenes o al hacer otro tipo de contacto cercano con ellos, como besar, abrazar o compartir tazas o utensilios para comer</li> <li>Al respirar aire después de que una persona con gérmenes tose o estornuda</li> <li>Al tocar las heces (caca) de alguien con gérmenes, como cambiar pañales y luego tocarse los ojos, la nariz o la boca</li> <li>Tocar objetos y superficies con gérmenes y luego tocarse los ojos, la nariz o la boca</li> <li>De madre a bebé durante el embarazo y / o parto</li> <li>Por picaduras o mordeduras de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html">insectos</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html">animales</a></li> <li>A través de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">alimentos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/waterpollution.html">agua</a>, tierra o plantas contaminadas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo protegerme a mí mismo y a los demás de los gérmenes?</h3> <p>Usted puede ayudar a protegerse y proteger a otros de los gérmenes, por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Cuando tenga que toser o estornudar, cúbrase la boca y la nariz con un pañuelo desechable o use la parte interna del codo</li> <li>Lávese bien y con frecuencia las manos. Debe fregarlas por al menos 20 segundos. Es importante hacerlo cuando es más probable que contraiga y propague gérmenes, como:</li> <ul> <li>Antes, durante y después de preparar alimentos</li> <li>Antes de comer</li> <li>Antes y después de atender a un enfermo en casa que tenga <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">vómitos</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a></li> <li>Antes y después de tratar un corte o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html">herida</a></li> <li>Después de usar el baño</li> <li>Después de cambiar pañales o limpiar a un niño que ha usado el baño</li> <li>Después de sonarse la nariz, toser o estornudar</li> <li>Después de tocar un animal, alimento para animales o desechos de animales</li> <li>Después de manipular alimentos para mascotas o golosinas para mascotas</li> <li>Después de tocar la basura</li> </ul> <li>Si no tiene agua y jabón disponibles, puede usar un desinfectante para manos a base de alcohol que tenga al menos 60% de alcohol</li> <li>Quédese en casa si está enfermo</li> <li>Evite el contacto cercano con personas enfermas</li> <li>Practique la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html">seguridad alimentaria</a> al manipular, cocinar y almacenar alimentos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">Limpiar y desinfectar</a> regularmente superficies y objetos que se tocan con frecuencia</li> </ul> Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Germs and Hygiene Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Gripe Limpieza, sanitización y desinfección Medidas para el control de infecciones Resfrío Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Video Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Swine flu <p>Swine flu is an infection caused by a virus. It's named for a virus that pigs can get. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. In 2009 a strain of swine flu called H1N1 infected many people around the world.</p> <p>The virus is contagious and can spread from human to human. Symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a> and include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue.</p> <p>There are antiviral medicines you can take to prevent or treat swine flu. There is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html">vaccine</a> available to protect against swine flu. You can help prevent the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza by:</p><ul> <li>Covering your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.</li> <li>Washing your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. You can also use alcohol-based hand cleaners.</li> <li>Avoiding touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way.</li> <li>Trying to avoid close contact with sick people.</li> <li>Staying home from work or school if you are sick.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Lungs and Breathing Gripe H1N1 (gripe porcina) Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype Influenza, Human Spanish Animal Diseases and Your Health Bird Flu Flu Flu Shot Swine Flu Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert World Health Organization Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Cuando habla con su doctor Hablar con el doctor Hablar con su médico Hablar con un profesional de la salud <p>Qué tan bien usted y su profesional de la salud o proveedor se comuniquen es una de las partes más importantes de conseguir una buena atención médica. Estar preparado puede ayudar a sacar el máximo provecho a su visita, ya sea en persona o a través de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html">telesalud</a>. A continuación, le presentamos algunas cosas que puede hacer para aprovechar su cita médica:</p> <ul> <li>Haga una lista con sus dudas, cualquier alergia que tenga y todas las medicinas, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html">hierbas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html">suplementos</a> que tome</li> <li>Haga una lista de las preguntas e inquietudes que usted quiera conversar</li> <li>Si está teniendo cualquier problema de salud, escriba una descripción de sus síntomas. Incluya información como cuándo comenzaron, qué los mejora y qué los empeora</li> <li>Pídale a un amigo de confianza o un familiar que lo acompañe a la cita</li> <li>Si su profesional de la salud o proveedor no habla su idioma, llame a su consultorio con anticipación y solicite que un intérprete le ayude</li> <li>Durante su cita, tome notas sobre lo que le diga su médico o proveedor de atención médica. O puede pedirle a un amigo o familiar que tome notas por usted</li> <li>Sea honesto durante su cita. No diga simplemente lo que cree que su profesional de la salud quiere escuchar. Por ejemplo, no diga que dejó de fumar o que está alimentándose de manera saludable si no es cierto. Su médico o proveedor necesita saber qué está sucediendo realmente, para poder brindarle la mejor atención y los mejores tratamientos para usted</li> <li>Si no entiende algo que dice su profesional de la salud, haga preguntas hasta que lo entienda</li> <li>Solicite instrucciones por escrito si las necesita</li> <li>Entérese cómo acceder a sus registros médicos, para conocer sus resultados de pruebas de laboratorio, diagnósticos, planes de tratamiento y medicamentos</li> <li>Pida la información de contacto de su profesional de la salud o proveedor y averigüe la mejor forma de comunicarse con ellos</li> <li>Entérese qué hacer si necesita más información después</li> <ul> </ul></ul> Asuntos sociales y familiares Sistemas de salud Asuntos personales de salud Talking With Your Doctor Oficina del Director de NIH Derechos del paciente Seguridad del paciente Telesalud Doctor, Hablando con su Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Programa de Rehabilitación de Life Options PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Video NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia <p>Haemophilus is the name of a group of bacteria. There are several types of Haemophilus. They can cause different types of illnesses involving breathing, bones and joints, and the nervous system.</p> <p>One common type, Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b), causes serious disease. It usually strikes children under 5 years old. Your child can get Hib disease by being around other children or adults who may have the bacteria and not know it. The germs spread from person to person. If the germs stay in the child's nose and throat, the child probably will not get sick. But sometimes the germs spread into the lungs or the bloodstream, and then Hib can cause serious problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html">meningitis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a>.</p> <p>Treatment is with antibiotics. There is a vaccine to prevent Hib disease. All children younger than 5 years of age should be vaccinated with the Hib vaccine.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Infecciones por Haemophilus Haemophilus Infections Amharic Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Dari Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Italian Japanese Karen Khmer Kinyarwanda Korean Nepali Oromo Pashto Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Tigrinya Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Bacterial Infections Childhood Vaccines Meningitis Pneumonia Hib Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Start Here Immunization Action Coalition PDF Images Immunization Action Coalition Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Alopecia <p>You lose up to 100 hairs from your scalp every day. That's normal, and in most people, those hairs grow back. But many men -- and some women -- lose hair as they grow older. You can also lose your hair if you have certain diseases, such as thyroid problems, diabetes, or lupus. If you take certain medicines or have chemotherapy for cancer, you may also lose your hair. Other causes are stress, a low protein diet, a family history, or poor nutrition. </p> <p>Treatment for hair loss depends on the cause. In some cases, treating the underlying cause will correct the problem. Other treatments include medicines and hair restoration. </p> Skin, Hair and Nails Pérdida de cabello Hypotrichosis Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Hair Problems Alopecia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Dermatology Living With American Academy of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Images VisualDX Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Living With National Alopecia Areata Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Women American Academy of Dermatology Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Dermatology Specifics National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH <p>The average person has 5 million hairs. Hair grows all over your body except on your lips, palms, and the soles of your feet. It takes about a month for healthy hair to grow half an inch. Most hairs grow for up to six years and then fall out. New hairs grow in their place. </p> <p>Hair helps keep you warm. It also protects your eyes, ears and nose from small particles in the air. Common problem with the hair and scalp include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html">hair loss</a>, infections, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html">flaking</a>.</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Problemas del cabello Hair Diseases Dandruff Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Dandruff, Cradle Cap, and Other Scalp Conditions Hair Loss Folliculitis Related Issues American Academy of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Women Endocrine Society Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Women American Society for Reproductive Medicine Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Related Issues American Academy of Dermatology Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Images VisualDX Journal Articles Images VisualDX Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation <p>No matter how old you are or what you do for a living, you are always using your hands. When there is something wrong with them, you may not be able to do your regular activities. </p> <p>Hand problems include :</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html">Carpal tunnel syndrome</a> - compression of a nerve as it goes through the wrist, often making your fingers feel numb </li> <li>Injuries that result in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fractures</a> (broken bones), ruptured ligaments and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html">dislocations</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoarthritis</a> - wear-and-tear arthritis, which can also cause deformity </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html">Tendinitis</a> - irritation of the tendons </li> <li>Disorders and injuries of your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html">fingers</a> and thumb </li> </ul> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano Hand Injuries Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Elbow Injuries and Disorders Finger Injuries and Disorders Raynaud Phenomenon Shoulder Injuries and Disorders Wrist Injuries and Disorders Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics VisualDX Specifics Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Find an Expert National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus <p>El síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus (HPS, por sus siglas en inglés) es una infección viral poco frecuente pero mortal. Es diseminada por los ratones y ratas. Ellos eliminan el virus en la orina, los excrementos y la saliva. Pequeñas gotas con el virus pueden flotar en el aire. Las personas pueden adquirir la enfermedad si respiran aire infectado o entran en contacto con roedores o sus excrementos. Las personas no lo contagian. </p> <p>Los primeros síntomas del HPS incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Fatiga</li> <li> Fiebre</li> <li> Dolores musculares, especialmente en los muslos, caderas y espalda </li> <li> Dolor de cabeza </li> <li> Escalofríos</li> <li> Mareos</li> <li> Nausea, vómitos, diarrea o dolor abdominal </li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas posteriores incluyen tos y falta de aire. </p> <p>El control de los roedores dentro y alrededor de su casa es la mejor forma para protegerse de una infección. Si ha estado cerca de roedores y tiene síntomas como fiebre, dolores musculares profundos y una intensa sensación de falta de aire, consulte inmediatamente a un médico.</p> <p>No existe un tratamiento específico, cura o vacuna para esta infección. A los pacientes les va mejor si reconocen los síntomas con anticipación y reciben atención en terapia intensiva. Generalmente, necesitan un respirador y terapia de oxígeno. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Hantavirus Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas SPH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica HPS Hanta virus <p>Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare but deadly viral infection. It is spread by mice and rats. They shed the virus in their urine, droppings, and saliva. Tiny droplets with the virus can enter the air. People can get the disease if they breathe infected air or come into contact with rodents or their urine or droppings. You cannot catch it from people.</p> <p>Early symptoms of HPS include:</p><ul> <li> Fatigue</li> <li> Fever </li> <li> Muscle aches, especially in the thighs, hips and back</li> <li> Headaches</li> <li> Chills</li> <li> Dizziness</li> <li> Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or abdominal pain</li> </ul> <p>Later symptoms include coughing and shortness of breath. </p> <p>Controlling rodents in and around your house is the best way to prevent infection. If you have been around rodents and have symptoms of fever, deep muscle aches, and severe shortness of breath, see your doctor immediately.</p> <p>There is no specific treatment, cure, or vaccine for HPS. Patients may do better if it is recognized early and they get medical care in an intensive care unit. They often need to use a breathing machine and have oxygen therapy.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Hantavirus Hantavirus Infections Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Pollen allergy <p>Each spring, summer, and fall, trees, weeds, and grasses release tiny pollen grains into the air. Some of the pollen ends up in your nose and throat. This can trigger a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">allergy</a> called hay fever.</p> <p>Symptoms can include:</p><ul> <li>Sneezing, often with a runny or clogged nose</li> <li>Coughing and postnasal drip</li> <li>Itching eyes, nose and throat</li> <li>Red and watery eyes</li> <li>Dark circles under the eyes</li> </ul> <p>Your health care provider may diagnose hay fever based on a physical exam and your symptoms. Sometimes skin or blood tests are used. Taking medicines and using nasal sprays can relieve symptoms. You can also rinse out your nose, but be sure to use distilled or sterilized water with saline. Allergy shots can help make you less sensitive to pollen and provide long-term relief.</p> Ear, Nose and Throat Immune System Rinitis alérgica Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Allergy Allergic Rhinitis Pollen Allergy Seasonal Allergies Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology PDF Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Test Your Knowledge American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Start Here American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine Video NIH Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH High-density lipoprotein <h3>What is cholesterol?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">Cholesterol</a> is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all the cells in your body. Your liver makes cholesterol, and it is also in some foods, such as meat and dairy products. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But having too much cholesterol in your blood raises your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a>.</p> <h3>What are HDL and LDL?</h3> <p>HDL and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL</a> are two types of lipoproteins.They are a combination of fat (lipid) and protein. The lipids need to be attached to the proteins so they can move through the blood. HDL and LDL have different purposes:</p><ul> <li>HDL stands for high-density lipoproteins. It is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol because it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Your liver then removes the cholesterol from your body.</li> <li>LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins. It is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol because a high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries.</li> </ul> <h3>How do I know what my HDL level is?</h3> <p>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">blood test</a> can measure your cholesterol levels, including HDL. When and how often you should get this test depends on your age, risk factors, and family history. The general recommendations are:</p> <p><strong>For people who are age 19 or younger:</strong>:</p><ul> <li>The first test should be between ages 9 to 11</li> <li>Children should have the test again every 5 years</li> <li>Some children may have this test starting at age 2 if there is a family history of high blood cholesterol, heart attack, or stroke</li> </ul> <p><strong>For people who are age 20 or older:</strong>:</p><ul> <li>Younger adults should have the test every 5 years</li> <li>Men ages 45 to 65 and women ages 55 to 65 should have it every 1 to 2 years</li> </ul> <h3>What should my HDL level be?</h3> <p> With HDL cholesterol, higher numbers are better, because a high HDL level can lower your risk for coronary artery disease and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>. How high your HDL should be depends on your age and sex:</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy HDL levels by age and sex" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Group</th> <th scope="col">Healthy HDL Level</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Age 19 or younger</td> <td>More than 45mg/dl</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Men age 20 or older</td> <td>More than 40mg/dl</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Women age 20 or older</td> <td>More than 50mg/dl</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <h3>How can I raise my HDL level?</h3> <p>If your HDL level is too low, lifestyle changes may help. These changes may also help prevent other diseases, and make you feel better overall:</p><ul> <li><strong>Eat a healthy diet.</strong> To raise your HDL level, you need to eat good fats instead of bad fats. This means limiting saturated fats, which include full-fat milk and cheese, high-fat meats like sausage and bacon, and foods made with butter, lard, and shortening. You should also avoid trans fats, which may be in some margarines, fried foods, and processed foods like baked goods. Instead, eat unsaturated fats, which are found in avocado, vegetable oils like olive oil, and nuts. Limit carbohydrates, especially sugar. Also try to eat more foods naturally high in fiber, such as oatmeal and beans.</li> <li><strong>Stay at a healthy weight.</strong> You can boost your HDL level by losing weight, especially if you have lots of fat around your waist.</li> <li><strong>Exercise.</strong> Getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular exercise</a> can raise your HDL level, as well as lower your LDL. You should try to do 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise on most, if not all, days.</li> <li><strong>Avoid cigarettes.</strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a> and exposure to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">secondhand smoke</a> can lower your HDL level. If you are a smoker, ask your health care provider for help in finding the best way for you to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quit</a>. You should also try to avoid secondhand smoke.</li> <li><strong>Limit alcohol.</strong> Moderate alcohol may lower your HDL level, although more studies are needed to confirm that. What we do know is that too much alcohol can make you gain weight, and that lowers your HDL level.</li> </ul> <p>Some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">cholesterol medicines</a>, including certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html">statins</a>, can raise your HDL level, in addition to lowering your LDL level. Health care providers don't usually prescribe medicines only to raise HDL. But if you have a low HDL and high LDL level, you might need medicine.</p> <h3>What else can affect my HDL level?</h3> <p>Taking certain medicines can lower HDL levels in some people. They include:</p><ul> <li>Beta blockers, a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html">blood pressure medicine</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html">Anabolic steroids</a>, including testosterone, a male hormone</li> <li>Progestins, which are female hormones that are in some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth control pills</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">hormone replacement therapy</a></li> <li>Benzodiazepines, sedatives that are often used for anxiety and insomnia</li> </ul> <p>If you are taking one of these and you have a very low HDL level, ask your provider if you should continue to take them.</p> <p>Diabetes can also lower your HDL level, so that gives you another reason to manage your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>.</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Food and Nutrition Colesterol bueno (HDL) Cholesterol, HDL Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cholesterol Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know Cholesterol Medicines Dietary Fats Heart Diseases How to Lower Cholesterol LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol Nutrition Statins Triglycerides Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Library of Medicine Video NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Merck & Co., Inc. Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles <h3>What is head and neck cancer? </h3> <p>Head and neck cancer is the name for cancers that develop in the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oralcancer.html">mouth</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nasalcancer.html">nose and sinuses</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglandcancer.html">salivary glands</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/throatcancer.html">throat and voice box</a> (larynx). Most head and neck cancers are <a href="">squamous cell cancers</a>. They begin in the moist tissues that line the head and neck. The cancer cells may spread into deeper tissue as the cancer grows.</p> <p>There are other cancers that develop in the head and neck, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html">brain cancer</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecancer.html">eye cancer</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html">esophageal cancer</a>. But they are usually not considered to be head and neck cancers, because those types of cancer and their treatments are different.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop head and neck cancer? </h3> <p>Anyone can get head and neck cancer, but you are more likely to develop it if you:</p> <ul> <li>Use tobacco or drink lots of alcohol. Your risk of developing head and neck cancer is even higher if you do both.</li> <li>Are male.</li> <li>Are over age 50.</li> <li>Have a history of head or neck cancer.</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html">HPV</a> (for cancers in the tonsils and base of the tongue).</li> <li>Are exposed to wood dusts or certain other toxic substances <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealth.html">at work</a> (for upper throat, nose, and sinus cancers).</li> <li>Have had <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html">radiation exposure</a> to the head and neck (for salivary gland cancer).</li> <li>Have Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (for upper throat and salivary gland cancers).</li> <li>Are Asian (for upper throat cancer).</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of head and neck cancer?</h3> <p>The symptoms of head and neck cancer may include:</p> <ul> <li>A lump in the neck</li> <li>A sore in the mouth or the throat that does not heal and may be painful</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html">sore throat</a> that does not go away</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">Trouble swallowing</a></li> <li>A change or hoarseness in the voice</li> </ul> <p>Other possible symptoms can depend on the specific type of head and neck cancer.</p> <h3>How is head and neck cancer diagnosed?</h3> <p>Which exams and tests used to diagnose head and neck cancer can depend on the specific type of cancer. Possible exams and tests may include:</p> <ul> <li>A physical exam of the area that might have cancer.</li> <li>Blood and/or urine tests.</li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html">endoscopy</a>.</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a> or other procedure to collect cells from the area that might have cancer. The cells are viewed under a microscope to find out if they are abnormal.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Imaging tests</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for head and neck cancer?</h3> <p>The treatment for head and neck cancer will depend on the specific type of cancer, the stage (how advanced the cancer is), your overall health, and other factors. The treatment options might include:</p> <ul> <li>Surgery</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Cancer immunotherapy</a></li> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that mainly attack specific cancer cells and cause less harm to normal cells</li> </ul> <p>In some cases, you may need a combination of treatments. Sometimes surgery can affect how well you can chew, swallow, or talk. Rehabilitation, such as physical therapy, dietary counseling, and speech therapy, may help.</p> <h3>Can head and neck cancer be prevented?</h3> <p>There are steps you can take to help prevent head and neck cancer:</p> <ul> <li>Not smoking</li> <li>Limiting alcohol use or not drinking at all</li> <li>Getting regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dental-exam/">dental exams</a></li> <li>Talking to your provider about HPV vaccination</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Lungs and Breathing Ear, Nose and Throat Mouth and Teeth Cáncer de cabeza y cuello Head and Neck Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Esophageal Cancer Eye Cancer Nasal Cancer Oral Cancer Parathyroid Disorders Salivary Gland Cancer Throat Cancer Thyroid Cancer Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Find an Expert American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Cranial injuries Skull fractures Skull injuries <p>Chances are you've bumped your head before. Often, the injury is minor because your skull is hard and it protects your brain. But other head injuries can be more severe, such as a skull fracture, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/concussion.html">concussion</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">traumatic brain injury</a>.</p> <p>Head injuries can be open or closed. A closed injury does not break through the skull. With an open, or penetrating, injury, an object pierces the skull and enters the brain. Closed injuries are not always less severe than open injuries.</p> <p>Some common causes of head injuries are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">falls</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/motorvehiclesafety.html">motor vehicle accidents</a>, violence, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">sports injuries</a>.</p> <p>It is important to know the warning signs of a moderate or severe head injury. Get help immediately if the injured person has:</p><ul> <li>A headache that gets worse or does not go away</li> <li>Repeated vomiting or nausea</li> <li>Convulsions or seizures</li> <li>An inability to wake up</li> <li>Dilated (enlarged) pupil in one or both eyes</li> <li>Slurred speech</li> <li>Weakness or numbness in the arms or legs</li> <li>Loss of coordination</li> <li>Increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation</li> </ul> <p>Doctors use a neurologic exam and imaging tests to make a diagnosis. Treatment depends on the type of injury and how severe it is.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Injuries and Wounds Lesiones en la cabeza Craniocerebral Trauma Skull Fractures Spanish Concussion Traumatic Brain Injury Cranial Injuries Skull Fractures Skull Injuries Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF In English and Spanish Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Pediculosis <h3>What are head lice?</h3> <p>Head lice are tiny insects that live on people's heads. Adult lice are about the size of sesame seeds. The eggs, called nits, are even smaller - about the size of a dandruff flake. Lice and nits are found on or near the scalp, most often at the neckline and behind the ears.</p> <p>Head lice are parasites, and they need to feed on human blood to survive. They are one of the three types of lice that live on humans. The other two types are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bodylice.html">body lice</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pubiclice.html">pubic lice</a>. Each type of lice is different, and getting one type does not mean that you will get another type.</p> <h3>How do head lice spread?</h3> <p>Lice move by crawling, because they cannot hop or fly. They spread by close person-to-person contact. Rarely, they can spread through sharing personal belongings such as hats or hairbrushes. Personal hygiene and cleanliness have nothing to do with getting head lice. You also cannot get pubic lice from animals. Head lice do not spread disease.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for head lice?</h3> <p>Children ages 3-11 and their families get head lice most often. This is because young children often have head-to-head contact while playing together.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of head lice?</h3> <p>The symptoms of head lice include:</p><ul> <li>Tickling feeling in the hair</li> <li>Frequent itching, which is caused by an allergic reaction to the bites</li> <li>Sores from scratching. Sometimes the sores can become infected with bacteria.</li> <li>Trouble sleeping, because head lice are most active in the dark</li> </ul> <h3>How do you know if you have head lice?</h3> <p>A diagnosis of head lice usually comes from seeing a louse or nit. Because they are very small and move quickly, you may need to use a magnifying lens and a fine-toothed comb to find lice or nits.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for head lice?</h3> <p>Treatments for head lice include both over-the-counter and prescription shampoos, creams, and lotions. If you want to use an over-the-counter treatment and you aren't sure which one to use or how to use one, ask your health care provider or pharmacist. You should also check with your health care provider first if you are pregnant or nursing, or if you want to use a treatment on a young child.</p> <p>Follow these steps when using a head lice treatment:</p><ul> <li>Apply the product according to the instructions. Only apply it to the scalp and the hair attached to the scalp. You should not use it on other body hair.</li> <li>Use only one product at a time, unless your health care provider tells you to use two different kinds at once</li> <li>Pay attention to what the instructions say about how long you should leave the medicine on the hair and on how you should rinse it out</li> <li>After rinsing, use a fine-toothed comb or special "nit comb" to remove dead lice and nits</li> <li>After each treatment, check your hair for lice and nits. You should comb your hair to remove nits and lice every 2-3 days. Do this for 2-3 weeks to be sure that all lice and nits are gone.</li> </ul> <p>All household members and other close contacts should be checked and treated if necessary. If an over-the-counter treatment does not work for you, you can ask your health care provider for a prescription product.</p> <h3>Can head lice be prevented?</h3> <p>There are steps you can take to prevent the spread of lice. If you already have lice, besides treatment, you should:</p><ul> <li>Wash your clothes, bedding, and towels with hot water, and dry them using the hot cycle of the dryer</li> <li>Soak your combs and brushes in hot water for 5-10 minutes</li> <li>Vacuum the floor and furniture, particularly where you sat or lay</li> <li>If there are items that you cannot wash, seal them in a plastic bag for two weeks</li> </ul> <p>To prevent your children from spreading lice:</p><ul> <li>Teach children to avoid head-to-head contact during play and other activities</li> <li>Teach children not to share clothing and other items that they put on their head, such as headphones, hair ties, and helmets</li> <li>If your child has lice, be sure to check the policies at school and/or daycare. Your child may not be able to go back until the lice have been completely treated.</li> </ul> <p>There is no clear scientific evidence that lice can be suffocated by home remedies, such as mayonnaise, olive oil, or similar substances. You also should not use kerosene or gasoline; they are dangerous and flammable.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention </p> Children and Teenagers Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Piojos de la cabeza Pediculus Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Body Lice Parasitic Diseases Pubic Lice Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation <p>Almost everyone has had a headache. Headache is the most common form of pain. It's a major reason people miss days at work or school or visit the doctor.</p> <p>The most common type of headache is a tension headache. Tension headaches are due to tight muscles in your shoulders, neck, scalp and jaw. They are often related to stress, depression or anxiety. You are more likely to get tension headaches if you work too much, don't get enough sleep, miss meals, or use alcohol.</p> <p>Other common types of headaches include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html">migraines</a>, cluster headaches, and sinus headaches. Most people can feel much better by making lifestyle changes, learning ways to relax and taking <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a>.</p> <p>Not all headaches require a doctor's attention. But sometimes headaches warn of a more serious disorder. Let your health care provider know if you have sudden, severe headaches. Get medical help right away if you have a headache after a blow to your head, or if you have a headache along with a stiff neck, fever, confusion, loss of consciousness, or pain in the eye or ear.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Symptoms Dolor de cabeza Headache Headache Disorders Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Migraine Cluster Headache Tension Headache Vascular Headache Treatments and Therapies American Migraine Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests American Migraine Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American Migraine Foundation Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Migraine Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Symptoms Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics American Migraine Foundation Living With National Headache Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests American Migraine Foundation Annual checkup Annual physical examination Routine physical examination <p>Regular checkups with your health care provider are different from appointments for sickness or injury. These checkups include physical exams as well as preventive care. Preventative care may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html">Screening tests</a>, which are medical tests to check for diseases early, when they may be easier to treat. Which screenings you need will depend on your: <ul> <li>Age </li> <li>Sex</li> <li>Overall health</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/familyhistory.html">Family health history</a></li> <li>Risks for certain diseases</li> </ul> </li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">Vaccines</a>, which can improve your health by preventing diseases and other health problems.</li> <li>Education and counseling to help you make informed health decisions. This could include advice about your lifestyle, including your diet, how much exercise you get, and any alcohol, tobacco, or other substances you may be using.</li> </ul> <p>To make the most of your next check-up, here are some things to do before you go:</p> <ul> <li>Review your family health history</li> <li>Find out if you are due for any general screenings or vaccines</li> <li>Make and bring a list of issues and questions you would like to talk about with your provider</li> <li>Make and bring a list of any medicines, vitamins, supplements that you take</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Wellness and Lifestyle Chequeo médico Physical Examination Spanish Baby Health Checkup Health Screening Healthy Living Vital Signs Women's Health Checkup Annual Physical Examination Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Health Resources and Services Administration Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Older Adults Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Journal Articles Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Health Check Tools Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation <p>Health disparities are health differences between different groups of people. These health differences may include:</p><ul> <li>How many people get certain diseases</li> <li>How severe the diseases are</li> <li>How many people have complications because of the diseases</li> <li>How many people die from a disease</li> <li>Whether people can get health care</li> <li>How many people get screened for a disease</li> </ul> <p>These groups of people may be based on:</p><ul> <li>Race</li> <li>Ethnicity</li> <li>Immigrant status</li> <li>Disability</li> <li>Sex or gender</li> <li>Sexual orientation</li> <li>Geography</li> <li>Income</li> <li>Level of education</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities</p> Health System Population Groups Disparidades de la salud Healthcare Disparities Health Status Disparities Spanish National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities American Indian and Alaska Native Health Asian American Health Black and African American Health Latino and Hispanic American Health LGBTQIA+ Health Men's Health Older Adult Health Rural Health Concerns Women's Health Health Equity NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Statistics and Research Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Food and Drug Administration Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Specifics American Lung Association Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Video Statistics and Research Indian Health Service Specifics Department of Health and Human Services Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Find an Expert National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities NIH Specifics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Journal Articles Specifics Rural Health Information Hub Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Research on Women's Health NIH Health care facilities <p>Health facilities are places that provide health care. They include hospitals, clinics, outpatient care centers, and specialized care centers, such as birthing centers and psychiatric care centers.</p> <p>When you choose a health facility, you might want to consider:</p><ul> <li>How close it is to where you live or work</li> <li>Whether your health insurance will pay for services there</li> <li>Whether your health care provider can treat you there</li> <li>The quality of the facility</li> </ul> <p>Quality is important. Some facilities do a better job than others. One way to learn about the quality of a facility is to look at report cards developed by federal, state, and consumer groups.</p> Health System Centros de salud Health Facilities Hospitals Spanish Hospice Care Nursing Homes Patient Safety Hospitals Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research American Hospital Association Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert National Association of Free and Charitable Clinics Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Related Issues Joint Commission PDF Related Issues Joint Commission PDF Related Issues Joint Commission PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Health Check Tools Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Related Issues Joint Commission Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Health scams Quackery <p>Health fraud scams involve selling medicines, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html">supplements</a>, devices, foods, or cosmetics that have not been proven effective. At best, these scams don't work. At worst, they're dangerous. They also waste money and might keep you from getting the treatment you really need.</p> <p>Some of the possible dangers of scam products are that they could:</p> <ul> <li>Be contaminated from being made in unclean facilities or without proper quality control</li> <li>Contain harmful ingredients that are not listed on the label</li> <li>Trigger a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">harmful interaction</a> with medicines you are taking</li> <li>Cause serious, even life-threatening, injuries</li> </ul> <p>Health fraud scams can be found everywhere, promising help for many common health issues, including weight loss, memory loss, sexual performance, and joint pain. They target people with serious conditions such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancer</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a>.</p> <p>Just remember - if it sounds too good to be true, it's probably a scam. Some red flags to watch for are product claims that:</p> <ul> <li>Have personal testimonials by "real" people or "doctors" played by actors claiming amazing results.</li> <li>Say that the product can treat or cure a wide range of unrelated diseases. No one product can treat or cure many different illnesses.</li> <li>Mention conspiracy theories like "This is the cure our government and Big Pharma don't want you to know about."</li> <li>Include phrases such as: <ul> <li>Ancient remedy</li> <li>Miracle cure</li> <li>No-risk money back guarantee</li> <li>Natural cure</li> <li>Quick fix</li> <li>Secret ingredient</li> <li>Scientific breakthrough</li> </ul> </li> <li>Use scientific-sounding terms that don't make sense for the products, such as "molecule multiplicity."</li> <li>Refer to prestigious prizes, for example "Nobel Prize winning technology."</li> </ul> <p>Before taking an unproven or little-known product, talk to your health care provider, especially if you are taking any prescription medicines.</p> <p class="">Food and Drug Administration</p> Health System Fraude en los servicios de salud Fraud Spanish Quackery Start Here Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Federal Trade Commission Video Specifics Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Start Here Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues Food and Drug Administration <p>Health insurance helps protect you from high medical care costs. It is a contract between you and your insurance company. You buy a plan or policy, and the company agrees to pay part of your expenses when you need medical care.</p> <p>Many people in the United States get a health insurance policy through their employers. In most cases, the employer helps pay for that insurance. Insurance through employers is often with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/managedcare.html">managed care</a> plan. These plans contract with health care providers and medical facilities to provide care for members at reduced costs. You can also purchase health insurance on your own.</p> <p>People who meet certain requirements can qualify for government health insurance, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicare.html">Medicare</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicaid.html">Medicaid</a>. The Affordable Care Act expands health insurance coverage for many people in the U.S. </p> Health System Seguro de salud Insurance, Health Spanish Financial Assistance Managed Care Medicaid Medicare Affordable Care Act HIPAA Insurance Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Teenagers Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Bureau of the Census Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues General Services Administration Start Here Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Start Here Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <h3>What is health literacy?</h3> <p>Health literacy involves the information that people need to be able to make good decisions about health. There are two parts:</p><ul> <li><strong>Personal health literacy</strong> is about how well a person can find and understand the health information and services that they need. It is also about using the information and services to make good health decisions.</li> <li><strong>Organizational health literacy</strong> is about how well organizations help people find the health information and services that they need. It also includes helping them use that information to make good health decisions.</li> </ul> <h3>Which factors can affect health literacy?</h3> <p>Many different factors can affect a person's health literacy, including their:</p><ul> <li>Knowledge of medical words</li> <li>Understanding of how the health care system works</li> <li>Ability to communicate with health care providers</li> <li>Ability to find health information, which may require computer skills</li> <li>Reading, writing, and number skills</li> <li>Personal factors, such as age, income, education, language abilities, and culture</li> <li>Physical or mental limitations</li> </ul> <p>Many of the same people who are at risk for limited health literacy also have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthdisparities.html">health disparities</a>. Health disparities are health differences between different groups of people. These groups may be based on age, race, sex, or other factors.</p> <h3>Why is health literacy important?</h3> <p>Health literacy is important because it can affect your ability to:</p><ul> <li>Make good decisions about your health.</li> <li>Get the medical care you need. This includes preventative care, which is care that focuses on preventing disease and keeping you healthy.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html">Take your medicines correctly</a>.</li> <li>Manage a disease, especially a <a href="copingwithchronicillness.html" tid="4208">chronic (long-term) disease</a>.</li> <li>Lead a healthy lifestyle.</li> </ul> <p>One thing that you can do is to make sure that you <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html">communicate well with your health care providers</a>. If you don't understand something a provider tells you, ask them to explain it to you so that you understand. You can also ask the provider to write down their instructions.</p> Wellness and Lifestyle Personal Health Issues Comprendiendo la información de salud Health Literacy Spanish NIH Office of the Director Evaluating Health Information Patient Rights Talking With Your Doctor Understanding Medical Research Start Here Health Resources and Services Administration Find an Expert Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Related Issues Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics General Services Administration Statistics and Research Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Health Check Tools Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine NIH Interactive Tutorial Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Health careers Health professions Medical occupations Medical professions <p>Every day, around the clock, people who work in the health care industry provide care for millions of people, from newborns to the very ill. In fact, the health care industry is one of largest providers of jobs in the United States. Many health jobs are in hospitals. Others are in nursing homes, doctors' offices, dentists' offices, outpatient clinics and laboratories.</p> <p>To work in a health occupation, you often must have special training. Some, like doctors, must have more than 4 years of college.</p> <p class="">Bureau of Labor Statistics</p> Health System Profesiones en el campo de la salud Health Occupations Spanish Choosing a Doctor or Health Care Service Careers Medical Professions Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Endocrine Society Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Infectious Diseases Society of America Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Find an Expert National Institute of Nursing Research NIH Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Start Here Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Journal Articles Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics American College of Gastroenterology Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology <p>Every <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnancy</a> has some risk of problems, but there are certain conditions and health issues that can raise that risk, such as:</p> <ul> <li> A health condition you had before you got pregnant</li> <li>A health condition you develop during pregnancy</li> <li>A pregnancy with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html">more than one baby</a></li> <li>A health problem that happened during a previous pregnancy and could happen again</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">Substance use during pregnancy</a></li> <li>Being over age 35</li> </ul> <p>Any of these can affect your health, the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">health of your baby</a>, or both.</p> <p>If you have a chronic condition, you should talk to your health care provider about how to minimize your risk <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/preconceptioncare.html">before you get pregnant</a>. Once you are pregnant, you may need a health care team to monitor your pregnancy. Some common conditions that can complicate a pregnancy include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">High blood pressure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">Kidney problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">Autoimmune diseases</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html">HIV</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tumorsandpregnancy.html">Cancer</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">Infections</a></li> </ul> <p>Other conditions that may make pregnancy risky can develop during pregnancy - for example, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html">gestational diabetes</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rhincompatibility.html">Rh incompatibility</a>. Good <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">prenatal care</a> can help detect and treat them.</p> <p>Some symptoms, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html">back pain</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a>, are common during pregnancy. Sometimes it is hard to know what is normal. Call your health care provider if something is bothering or worrying you.</p> Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Problemas de salud durante el embarazo Pregnancy, High-Risk Pregnancy Complications Arabic Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Dari French German Haitian Creole Hmong Korean Nepali Pashto Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Childbirth Problems Diabetes and Pregnancy Fetal Health and Development High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy HIV and Pregnancy Infections and Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy and Medicines Pregnancy and Substance Use Premature Babies Prenatal Care Rh Incompatibility Tumors and Pregnancy Twins, Triplets, Multiple Births High Risk Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications Pregnancy and Health Problems Pregnancy, High-Risk Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research NIH Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Specifics American Society of Hematology Video NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues March of Dimes Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues Organization of Teratology Information Specialists PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues National Multiple Sclerosis Society Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Related Issues Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Lupus Foundation of America Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American College of Rheumatology Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Video Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Easy-to-Read Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Sedentary Lifestyle Sitting Disease <h3>What is an inactive lifestyle?</h3> <p>Being a couch potato. Not exercising. A sedentary or inactive lifestyle. You have probably heard of all of these phrases, and they mean the same thing: a lifestyle with a lot of sitting and lying down, with very little to no exercise.</p> <p>In the United States and around the world, people are spending more and more time doing sedentary activities. During our leisure time, we are often sitting: while using a computer or other device, watching TV, or playing video games. Many of our jobs have become more sedentary, with long days sitting at a desk. And the way most of us get around involves sitting - in cars, on buses, and on trains.</p> <h3>How does an inactive lifestyle affect your body?</h3> <p>When you have an inactive lifestyle,:</p><ul> <li>You burn fewer calories. This makes you more likely to gain weight.</li> <li>You may lose muscle strength and endurance, because you are not using your muscles as much</li> <li>Your bones may get weaker and lose some mineral content</li> <li>Your metabolism may be affected, and your body may have more trouble breaking down fats and sugars</li> <li>Your immune system may not work as well</li> <li>You may have poorer blood circulation</li> <li>Your body may have more inflammation</li> <li>You may develop a hormonal imbalance</li> </ul> <h3>What are the health risks of an inactive lifestyle?</h3> <p>Having an inactive lifestyle can be one of the causes of many chronic diseases. By not getting regular exercise, you raise your risk of:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart diseases</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">High cholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html">Metabolic syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">Type 2 diabetes</a></li> <li>Certain cancers, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html">colon</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html">breast</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html">uterine</a> cancers</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">Osteoporosis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">falls</a></li> <li>Increased feelings of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a></li> </ul> <p>Having a sedentary lifestyle can also raise your risk of premature death. And the more sedentary you are, the higher your health risks are.</p> <h3>How can I get started with exercise?</h3> <p>If you have been inactive, you may need to start slowly. You can keep adding more exercise gradually. The more you can do, the better. But try not to feel overwhelmed, and do what you can. Getting some exercise is always better than getting none. Eventually, your goal can be to get the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">recommended amount of exercise</a> for your age and health.</p> <p>There are many different ways to get exercise; it is important to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">find the types that are best for you</a>. You can also try to add activity to your life in smaller ways, such as at home and at work.</p> <h3>How can I be more active around the house?</h3> <p>There are some ways you can be active around your house:</p><ul> <li>Housework, gardening, and yard work are all physical work. To increase the intensity, you could try doing them at a more vigorous pace.</li> <li>Keep moving while you watch TV. Lift hand weights, do some gentle yoga stretches, or pedal an exercise bike. Instead of using the TV remote, get up and change the channels yourself.</li> <li>Work out at home with a workout video (on your TV or on the internet)</li> <li>Go for a walk in your neighborhood. It can be more fun if you walk your dog, walk your kids to school, or walk with a friend.</li> <li>Stand up when talking on the phone</li> <li>Get some exercise equipment for your home. Treadmills and elliptical trainers are great, but not everyone has the money or space for one. Less expensive equipment such as yoga balls, exercise mats, stretch bands, and hand weights can help you get a workout at home too.</li> </ul> <h3>How can I be more active at work?</h3> <p>Most of us sit when we are working, often in front of a computer. In fact, less than 20% of Americans have physically active jobs. It can be challenging to fit physical activity into your busy workday, but here are some tips to help you get moving:</p><ul> <li>Get up from your chair and move around at least once an hour</li> <li>Stand when you are talking on the phone</li> <li>Find out whether your company can get you a stand-up or treadmill desk</li> <li>Take the stairs instead of the elevator</li> <li>Use your break or part of your lunch hour to walk around the building</li> <li>Stand up and walk to a colleague's office instead of sending an email</li> <li>Have "walking" or standing meetings with co-workers instead of sitting in a conference room</li> </ul> Wellness and Lifestyle Fitness and Exercise Riesgos de una vida sedentaria Sedentary Behavior Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More American Heart Association Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Learn More National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Department of Labor Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Screening tests <p>Screenings are tests that look for diseases before you have symptoms. Screening tests can find diseases early, when they're easier to treat. You can get some screenings in your doctor's office. Others need special equipment, so you may need to go to a different office or clinic.</p> <p>Some conditions that doctors commonly screen for include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html">Breast cancer</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html">cervical cancer</a> in women</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html">Colorectal cancer</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">High cholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">Osteoporosis</a></li> <li>Overweight and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancerscreening.html">Prostate cancer</a> in men</li> </ul> <p>Which tests you need depends on your age, your sex, your family history, and whether you have risk factors for certain diseases. After a screening test, ask when you will get the results and whom to talk to about them.</p> <p class="">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</p> Wellness and Lifestyle Exámenes médicos Diagnostic Tests, Routine Spanish Cervical Cancer Screening Health Checkup Healthy Living Laboratory Tests Prostate Cancer Screening Screening Tests Health Check Tools Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Health Check Tools National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Teenagers Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Specifics Prevent Blindness America Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Videos and Tutorials College of American Pathologists Video Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women National Cancer Institute NIH Older Adults Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Health Check Tools Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Children National Library of Medicine NIH Women National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Health Check Tools Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration <p>Health statistics are numbers that summarize information related to health. Researchers and experts from government, private, and non-profit agencies and organizations collect health statistics. They use the statistics to learn about public health and health care. Some of the types of statistics include:</p><ul> <li>How many people in the country have a disease or how many people got the disease within a certain period of time</li> <li>How many people of a certain group have a disease. The groups could be based on location, race, ethnic group, sex, age, profession, income level, or level of education. This can help identify <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthdisparities.html">health disparities</a>.</li> <li>Whether a treatment is safe and effective</li> <li>How many people were born and died. These are known as vital statistics.</li> <li>How many people have access to and use health care</li> <li>The quality and efficiency of our health care system</li> <li>Health care costs, including how much the government, employers, and individuals pay for health care. It could include how poor health can affect the country economically</li> <li>The impact of government programs and policies on health</li> <li>Risk factors for different diseases. An example would be how <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html">air pollution</a> can raise your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">lung diseases</a></li> <li>Ways to lower risk for diseases, such as exercise and weight loss to lower the risk of getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a></li> </ul> <p>Numbers on a graph or in a chart may seem straightforward, but that's not always the case. It's important to be critical and consider the source. If needed, ask questions to help you <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/understandingmedicalresearch.html">understand</a> the statistics and what they are showing.</p> Health System Estadísticas de salud Statistics as Topic Spanish Understanding Medical Research Statistics Children Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics Children Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics PDF Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Center for Health Statistics Teenagers National Center for Health Statistics Children National Center for Health Statistics Related Issues National Center for Health Statistics Related Issues National Center for Health Statistics Related Issues National Center for Health Statistics Men National Center for Health Statistics Older Adults National Center for Health Statistics Women National Center for Health Statistics Related Issues World Health Organization Start Here National Center for Health Statistics Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Reference Desk Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Center for Health Statistics Specifics Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Related Issues National Center for Health Statistics Older Adults Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics Journal Articles Related Issues Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Related Issues World Health Organization Find an Expert World Health Organization <p>People in the U.S. are living longer, and the number of older adults in the population is growing. As we age, our minds and bodies change. Having a healthy lifestyle can help you deal with those changes. It may also prevent some health problems and help you to make the most of your life.</p> <p>A healthy lifestyle for older adults includes:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html">Healthy eating</a>.</strong> As you age, your dietary needs may change. You may need fewer calories, but you still need to get enough nutrients. A healthy eating plan includes <ul> <li>Eating foods that give you lots of nutrients without a lot of extra calories. This includes fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, low-fat dairy, nuts, and seeds.</li> <li>Avoiding empty calories, such as foods like chips, candy, baked goods, soda, and alcohol</li> <li>Eating foods that are low in cholesterol and fat</li> <li>Drinking enough liquids, so you don't get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydrated</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html">Regular physical activity</a>.</strong> Being physically active may help you maintain a healthy weight and avoid chronic health problems. If you have not been active, you can start slowly and work up to your goal. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">How much exercise you need</a> depends on your age and health. Check with your health care provider on what is right for you.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Staying at a healthy weight</a>.</strong> Being either overweight or underweight can lead to health problems. Ask your health care professional what a healthy weight for you may be. Healthy eating and exercise can help you get to that weight.</li> <li><strong>Keeping your mind active.</strong> Lots of activities can keep your mind active and improve your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html">memory</a>, including learning new skills, reading, and playing games.</li> <li><strong>Making your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html">mental health</a> a priority.</strong> Work on <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">improving your mental health</a>, for example by practicing mediation, relaxation techniques, or gratitude. Know the warning signs of a problem and ask for help if you are struggling.</li> <li><strong>Participating in activities that you enjoy.</strong> People who are involved in hobbies and social and leisure activities may be at lower risk for some health problems. Doing things that you enjoy may help you feel happier and improve your thinking abilities.</li> <li><strong>Playing an active role in your health care.</strong> Make sure that you get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html">regular checkups</a> and the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html">health screenings</a> that you need. You should know which medicines you are taking, why you need them, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html">how to take them properly</a>.</li> <li><strong>Not smoking.</strong> If you are a smoker, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quitting</a> is one of the most important things that you can do for your health. It can lower your risk of several different types of cancer, certain lung diseases, and heart disease.</li> <li><strong>Taking steps to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">falls</a>.</strong> Older adults have a higher risk of falling. They are also more likely to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fracture</a> (break) a bone when they fall. Getting regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html">eye checkups</a>, getting regular physical activity, and making your house safer can lower your risk of falling.</li> </ul> <p>Following these tips can help you to stay healthy as you age. Even if you have never done them before, it's never too late to start taking care of your health. If you have questions about these lifestyle changes or need help figuring out how to make them, ask your health care provider.</p> Older Adults Wellness and Lifestyle Envejecer saludablemente Healthy Aging Spanish National Institute on Aging Exercise for Older Adults Nutrition for Older Adults Older Adult Health Find an Expert USAging Find an Expert AGS Health in Aging Foundation Find an Expert American Geriatrics Society Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Administration for Community Living Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research National Institute on Aging NIH Prevention and Risk Factors AGS Health in Aging Foundation Start Here Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Journal Articles Related Issues Consumer Product Safety Commission PDF Statistics and Research National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH <p>Many factors affect your health. Some you cannot control, such as your genetic makeup or your age. But you can make changes to your lifestyle. By taking steps toward healthy living, you can help reduce your risk of heart disease, cancer, stroke and other serious diseases:</p> <ul> <li>Get the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html">screening tests</a> you need</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Maintain a healthy weight</a></li> <li>Eat a variety of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html">healthy foods</a>, and limit calories and saturated fat</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">Be physically active</a></li> <li>Control your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">blood pressure</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html">cholesterol</a></li> <li>Don't smoke</li> <li>Protect yourself from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">too much sun</a></li> <li>Drink alcohol in moderation, or don't drink at all</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">Get enough sleep</a> every day</li> <li>Work on <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">improving your mental health</a>, for example by practicing mediation, relaxation techniques, or gratitude</li> </ul> <p class="">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</p> Wellness and Lifestyle Vivir saludablemente Healthy Lifestyle Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese Exercise and Physical Fitness Health Risks of an Inactive Lifestyle How to Improve Mental Health How to Prevent Diabetes How to Prevent Heart Disease How to Prevent High Blood Pressure Prevention Staying Healthy Find an Expert American Medical Association Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Older Adults National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Heart Association PDF Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Children American Academy of Family Physicians Journal Articles Start Here Children American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Sleep Hygeine <h3>What is sleep?</h3> <p>While you are sleeping, you are unconscious, but your brain and body functions are still active. Sleep is a complex biological process that helps you process new information, stay healthy, and feel rested.</p> <p>During sleep, your brain cycles through five stages: stage 1, 2, 3, 4, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Different things happen during each stage. For example, you have a different pattern of brain waves during each one. Your breathing, heart, and temperature may be slower or faster in some stages. Certain phases of sleep help you :</p><ul> <li>Feel rested and energetic the next day</li> <li>Learn information, get insight, and form memories</li> <li>Give your heart and vascular system a rest</li> <li>Release more growth hormone, which helps children grow. It also boosts muscle mass and the repair of cells and tissues in children and adults.</li> <li>Release sex hormones, which contributes to puberty and fertility</li> <li>Keep from getting sick or help you get better when you are sick, by creating more cytokines (hormones that help the immune system fight various infections)</li> </ul> <p>You need all of the stages to get a healthy sleep.</p> <h3>How much sleep do I need?</h3> <p>The amount of sleep you need depends on several factors, including your age, lifestyle, health, and whether you have been getting enough sleep recently. The general recommendations for sleep are:</p><ul> <li><strong>Newborns:</strong> 16-18 hours a day</li> <li><strong>Preschool-aged children:</strong> 11-12 hours a day</li> <li><strong>School-aged children:</strong> At least 10 hours a day</li> <li><strong>Teens:</strong> 9-10 hours a day</li> <li><strong>Adults (including older adults):</strong> 7-8 hours a day</li> </ul> <p>During puberty, teenagers' biological clocks shift, and they are more likely to go to bed later than younger children and adults, and they tend to want to sleep later in the morning. This delayed sleep-wake rhythm conflicts with the early-morning start times of many high schools and helps explain why most teenagers do not get enough sleep.</p> <p>Some people think that adults need less sleep as they age. But there is no evidence to show that older adults can get by with less sleep than people who are younger. As people age, however, they often get less sleep or they tend to spend less time in the deep, restful stage of sleep. Older adults are also more easily awakened.</p> <p>And it's not just the number of hours of sleep you get that matters. The quality of the sleep you get is also important. People whose sleep is frequently interrupted or cut short might not get enough of certain stages of sleep.</p> <p>If you are wondering whether you are getting enough sleep, including quality sleep, ask yourself:</p><ul> <li>Do you have trouble getting up in the morning?</li> <li>Do you have trouble focusing during the day?</li> <li>Do you doze off during the day?</li> </ul> <p>If you answered yes to these three questions, you should work on improving your sleep.</p> <h3>What are the health effects of not getting enough sleep?</h3> <p>Sleep is important for overall health. When you don't get enough sleep (sleep deprivation), it does more than just make you feel tired. It can affect your performance, including your ability to think clearly, react quickly, and form memories. This may cause you to make bad decisions and take more risks. People with sleep deprivation are more likely to get into accidents.</p> <p>Sleep deprivation can also affect your mood, leading to:</p><ul> <li>Irritability</li> <li>Problems with relationships, especially for children and teenagers</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">Anxiety</a></li> </ul> <p>It can also affect your physical health. Research shows that not getting enough sleep, or getting poor-quality sleep, increases your risk of:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">Kidney disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">Type 2 diabetes</a></li> </ul> <p>Not getting enough sleep can also mean that you don't get enough of the hormones that help children grow and help adults and children build muscle mass, fight infections, and repair cells.</p> <p>Sleep deprivation magnifies the effect of alcohol. A tired person who drinks too much alcohol will be more impaired than a well-rested person.</p> <h3>How can I get better sleep?</h3> <p>You can take steps to improve your sleep habits. First, make sure that you allow yourself enough time to sleep. With enough sleep each night, you may find that you're happier and more productive during the day.</p> <p>To improve your sleep habits, it also may help to:</p><ul> <li>Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day</li> <li>Avoid <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">caffeine</a>, especially in the afternoon and evening</li> <li>Avoid nicotine</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">Exercise</a> regularly, but don't exercise too late in the day</li> <li>Avoid alcoholic drinks before bed</li> <li>Avoid large meals and beverages late at night</li> <li>Don't take a nap after 3 p.m.</li> <li>Relax before bed, for example by taking a bath, reading or listening to relaxing music</li> <li>Keep the temperature in your bedroom cool</li> <li>Get rid of distractions such as noises, bright lights, and a TV or computer in the bedroom. Also, don't be tempted to go on your phone or tablet just before bed.</li> <li>Get enough sunlight exposure during the day</li> <li>Don't lie in bed awake; if you can't sleep for 20 minutes, get up and do something relaxing</li> <li>See a doctor if you have continued trouble sleeping. You may have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">sleep disorder</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html">insomnia</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">sleep apnea</a>. In some cases, your doctor may suggest trying over-the-counter or prescription sleep aid. In other cases, your doctor may want you to do a sleep study, to help diagnose the problem.</li> </ul> <p>If you are a shift worker, it can be even harder to get a good sleep. You may also want to:</p><ul> <li>Take naps and increase the amount of time available for sleep</li> <li>Keep the lights bright at work</li> <li>Limit shift changes so your body clock can adjust</li> <li>Limit caffeine use to the first part of your shift</li> <li>Remove sound and light distractions in your bedroom during daytime sleep (for example, use light-blocking curtains)</li> </ul> Brain and Nerves Dormir bien Sleep Hygiene Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Sleep Disorders Sleep Hygeine NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Specifics Mental Health America Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Sleep Medicine Teenagers Nemours Foundation Video Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Center on Sleep Disorders Research NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Videos and Tutorials Defense Health Agency Specifics Department of Health and Human Services Children Nemours Foundation Women American Academy of Sleep Medicine Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Older Adults American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>A hearing aid is a small electronic device that you wear in or behind your ear. It makes some sounds louder. A hearing aid can help people hear more in both quiet and noisy situations.</p> <p>Hearing aids help people who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">hearing loss</a> from damage to the small sensory cells in the inner ear. The damage can occur as a result of disease, aging, or injury from noise or certain medicines.</p> <p>There are different types of hearing aids. They differ by size, their placement on or inside the ear, and how much they amplify sound. The hearing aid that will work best for you depends on what kind of hearing loss you have and how severe it is.</p> <p>If you think that you need a hearing aid, you have two different options:</p> <ul> <li>Over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids, which you can buy directly. You don't have to get a hearing exam from a healthcare professional first. OTC hearing aids are for adults who have mild to moderate hearing loss.</li> <li>Prescription hearing aids, which you get from an audiologist (a health professional who specializes in hearing and balance disorders). The audiologist will program the hearing aids, based on how severe your hearing loss is. You may need prescription hearing aids or other devices if you have significant or complicated hearing loss.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Deafness and Communication Disorders</p> Ear, Nose and Throat Audífonos Hearing Aids Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Cochlear Implants Hearing Disorders and Deafness Related Issues American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Audiology Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Food and Drug Administration Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Food and Drug Administration NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Start Here Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Journal Articles Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Food and Drug Administration Hearing loss Presbycusis <p>It's frustrating to be unable to hear well enough to enjoy talking with friends or family. Hearing disorders make it hard, but not impossible, to hear. They can often be helped. Deafness can keep you from hearing sound at all. </p> <p>What causes hearing loss? Some possibilities are:</p><ul> <li>Heredity</li> <li>Diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html">ear infections</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html">meningitis </a></li> <li>Trauma</li> <li>Certain medicines</li> <li>Long-term exposure to loud <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/noise.html">noise</a></li> <li>Aging</li> </ul> <p>There are two main types of hearing loss. One happens when your inner ear or auditory nerve is damaged. This type is usually permanent. The other kind happens when sound waves cannot reach your inner ear. Earwax buildup, fluid, or a punctured eardrum can cause it. Treatment or surgery can often reverse this kind of hearing loss.</p> <p>Untreated, hearing problems can get worse. If you have trouble hearing, you can get help. Possible treatments include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingaids.html">hearing aids</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cochlearimplants.html">cochlear implants</a>, special training, certain medicines, and surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</p> Older Adults Ear, Nose and Throat Problemas de la audición y sordera Hearing Disorders Deafness Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Korean Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Assistive Devices Barotrauma Cochlear Implants Hearing Aids Hearing Problems in Children Meniere's Disease Noise Speech and Communication Disorders Tinnitus Deafness Presbycusis NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Kidney Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Health Check Tools National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American Academy of Audiology Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Academy of Audiology Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Reference Desk National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Federal Communications Commission Statistics and Research National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Federal Communications Commission Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Related Issues National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH <p>Most children hear and listen from the moment they are born. They learn to talk by imitating the sounds around them and the voices of their parents and caregivers. But about 2 or 3 out of every 1,000 children in the United States are born deaf or hard-of-hearing. More lose their hearing later during childhood.</p> <p>Babies should have a hearing screening before they are a month old. If your child has a hearing loss, it is important to consider the use of hearing devices and other communication options by age 6 months. That's because children start learning speech and language long before they talk.</p> <p>Hearing problems can be temporary or permanent. Sometimes, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html">ear infections</a>, injuries or diseases affect hearing. If your child does not hear well, get help.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</p> Children and Teenagers Ear, Nose and Throat Problemas de audición en niños Hearing Disorders Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Assistive Devices Cochlear Implants Hearing Aids Hearing Disorders and Deafness Deafness Genetics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Audiology Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation Video Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Reference Desk National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Video MI Myocardial infarction <p>Each year almost 800,000 Americans have a heart attack. A heart attack happens when blood flow to the heart suddenly becomes blocked. Without the blood coming in, the heart can't get oxygen. If not treated quickly, the heart muscle begins to die. But if you do get quick treatment, you may be able to prevent or limit damage to the heart muscle. That's why it's important to know the symptoms of a heart attack and call 911 if you or someone else is having them. You should call, even if you are not sure that it is a heart attack.</p> <p>The most common symptoms in men and women are:</p><ul> <li><strong>Chest discomfort.</strong> It is often in center or left side of the chest. It usually lasts more than a few minutes. It may go away and come back. It can feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">pain</a>. It also can feel like heartburn or indigestion.</li> <li><strong>Shortness of breath.</strong> Sometimes this is your only symptom. You may get it before or during the chest discomfort. It can happen when you are resting or doing a little bit of physical activity.</li> <li><strong>Discomfort in the upper body.</strong> You may feel pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, shoulders, neck, jaw, or upper part of the stomach.</li> </ul> <p>You may also have other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and lightheadedness. You may break out in a cold sweat. Sometimes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">women</a> will have different symptoms then men. For example, they are more likely to feel tired for no reason.</p> <p>The most common cause of heart attacks is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a> (CAD). With CAD, there is a buildup of cholesterol and other material, called plaque, on their inner walls or the arteries. This is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">atherosclerosis</a>. It can build up for years. Eventually an area of plaque can rupture (break open). A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clot</a> can form around the plaque and block the artery.</p> <p>A less common cause of heart attack is a severe spasm (tightening) of a coronary artery. The spasm cuts off blood flow through the artery.</p> <p>At the hospital, health care providers make a diagnosis based on your symptoms, blood tests, and different <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">heart health tests</a>. Treatments may include medicines and medical procedures such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html">coronary angioplasty</a>. After a heart attack, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html">cardiac rehabilitation</a> and lifestyle changes can help you recover.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Ataque al corazón Myocardial Infarction Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Angina Cardiac Rehabilitation Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Coronary Artery Disease Heart Diseases Heart Health Tests MI Myocardial Infarction Start Here American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Heart Association Find an Expert American Heart Association Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Older Adults American Geriatrics Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Heart Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors NIH Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Heart Association Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Heart Association Women American Heart Association Symptoms American Heart Association NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research American Heart Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Heart Association PDF Easy-to-Read Diagnosis and Tests Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Heart Association Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Living With Harvard Medical School <h3>What is heart disease?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart disease</a> is a general term that includes many types of heart problems. It's also called cardiovascular disease, which means heart and blood vessel disease.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">Coronary artery disease</a> (also called coronary heart disease) is the most common type of heart disease in both men and women. It happens slowly over time when a sticky substance called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">plaque builds up in the arteries</a> that supply your heart muscle with blood. The plaque narrows or blocks blood flow to the heart muscle and can lead to:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html">Angina</a> - chest pain from lack of blood flow</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">Heart attacks</a> - when part of the heart muscle dies from loss of blood flow</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure</a> - when your heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body's needs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">Arrhythmia</a> - a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat</li> </ul> <h3>How does heart disease affect women?</h3> <p>In the United States, heart disease is the number one cause of death in women. But women are often not diagnosed with heart disease as quickly as men are. That's because:</p> <ul> <li>Women are more likely than men to have "silent" heart disease, meaning that they don't have symptoms.</li> <li>Health care providers may not recognize heart disease in women because women's symptoms may be different from men's symptoms.</li> <li>Women are more likely than men to have certain types of heart disease that can be harder to diagnose.</li> </ul> <p>A delay in diagnosis may mean a delay in medical care that could help prevent serious problems, such as a heart attack. That's why it's important to learn about your risk for heart disease, the symptoms in women, and how to keep your heart healthy.</p> <h3>What types of heart disease do women get?</h3> <p>Women can get any type of heart disease. Like men, the most common type of heart disease among women is coronary artery disease. But there are certain types of heart disease which are less common, but affect women more often than men:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Coronary microvascular disease</strong> - Chest pain from spasms (sudden tightening) in the smallest arteries of the heart that pinch off blood flow. It typically happens during rest or routine activities. This serious condition increases your risk of having a heart attack or other heart diseases. This type may be harder to diagnose since blockages in smaller arteries can be harder to see on imaging tests.</li> <li><strong>Broken heart syndrome</strong> - Strong chest pain or other signs that look like a heart attack. It's caused by the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a> of powerful emotions, such as deep grief, anger, or surprise. It can happen even if you're healthy. It mostly affects women after menopause and usually doesn't cause any lasting damage.</li> <li><strong>Variant angina</strong> - A rare type of strong chest pain from spasms in the heart arteries. The pain usually happens in a pattern during sleep. Variant angina rarely causes a heart attack.</li> </ul> <h3>Which women are more likely to develop heart disease?</h3> <p>Your risk for developing heart disease increases with:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">Menopause</a>.</strong> Women can develop heart disease at any age, but your risk increases after your periods stop, usually by age 55. Before menopause, your body makes more estrogen (a female <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormone</a>) which helps protect against heart disease. That's why women generally develop coronary artery disease 10 years later than men. During and after menopause, estrogen levels drop and your risk for heart diseases goes up. If your periods stop before age 40, your risk will be higher than other women your age.</li> <li>Family history <strong>of heart disease.</strong> Your risk for heart disease may be higher if your: <ul> <li>Mother or sister had heart disease before age 65.</li> <li>Father or brother had heart disease before age 55.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Problems during pregnancy</strong>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">high blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html">gestational diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">high blood pressure</a>.</li> <li><strong>Use of hormonal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth control</a></strong> (pills, patches, or vaginal rings with estrogen and progesterone).</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html">Endometriosis</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">Polycystic ovary syndrome</a>.</li> <li>Inflammatory and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune diseases</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html">Metabolic syndrome</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealth.html">Mental health issues</a>, such as stress, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Health risks from a lack physical activity</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a> or being overweight.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a>.</li> <li>Low <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL cholesterol levels</a>.</li> <li>Mild to moderate <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a>.</li> </ul> <p>If you have one or more risks for heart disease, ask your health care provider for help understanding your risk level. Ask if you need any <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">heart tests</a> to help catch heart disease early.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of heart disease and heart attack in women?</h3> <p>When women have symptoms of <strong>heart disease</strong>, they may include:</p> <ul> <li>Pain or discomfort in the chest that may be dull and heavy or sharp</li> <li>Pain in the neck, jaw, throat, upper belly, or back</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea or vomiting</a></li> <li>Unusual <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a> (feeling like you can't get enough air) during physical activity</li> </ul> <p>Women who have <strong>coronary artery disease</strong> are more likely than men to have chest pain when resting or doing daily activities, rather than during exercise. They're also more likely than men to feel chest pain from mental stress.</p> <p>Symptoms of a <strong>heart attack</strong> in women may also be different than in men. Chest pain is the most common symptom for both sexes. It may feel like crushing or squeezing. But women are somewhat less likely than men to have chest pain.</p> <p>During a <strong>heart attack</strong>, women may feel:</p> <ul> <li>Pressure or tightness in the chest</li> <li>Pain in the upper back, arms, neck, jaw or throat</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a></li> <li>Unusual fatigue</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/indigestion.html">Indigestion</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html">heartburn</a>, nausea, or vomiting </li> <li>Stomach pain</li> <li>Shortness of breath</li> </ul> <p>Heart attacks usually don't look like the sudden, dramatic events we see in the movies. The symptoms may be mild or strong. They may start slowly. They can stop and then come back.</p> <h3>Can heart disease in women be prevented?</h3> <p>You can help lower your risk by:</p> <ul> <li>Learning <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">how to prevent heart disease</a> and making heart-healthy habits part of your daily life.</li> <li>Asking your provider about your personal risk for heart disease and the best way to manage your heart health.</li> </ul> <p>Remember, women can have heart disease without symptoms. But if you pay attention to your risk for heart disease, you can take action to prevent problems or keep them from getting worse.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Women Blood, Heart and Circulation Enfermedades del corazón en la mujer Heart Diseases Arabic Bengali Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Japanese Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Tagalog Urdu Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Angioplasty Arrhythmia Congenital Heart Defects Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Heart Failure Heart Health Tests Heart Valve Diseases Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Heart Association Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Heart Association Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Living With American Heart Association Symptoms American Heart Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Heart Association Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American Heart Association Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Living With National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues American Heart Association Cardiac diseases <h3>What is heart disease?</h3> <p>Heart disease is a general term that includes many types of heart problems. It's also called cardiovascular disease, which means heart and blood vessel disease.</p> <p>Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, but there are ways to prevent and manage many types of heart disease.</p> <h3>What are the types of heart disease?</h3> <p>There are many different types of heart disease. Some you may be born with, called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">congenital heart disease</a>. Other types develop during your lifetime.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">Coronary artery disease</a> (also called coronary heart disease) is the most common type of heart disease. It happens slowly over time when a sticky substance called plaque builds up in the arteries that supply your heart muscle with blood. The plaque narrows or blocks blood flow to the heart muscle and can lead to other heart problems:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html">Angina</a> - chest pain from lack of blood flow</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">Heart attacks</a> - when part of the heart muscle dies from loss of blood flow</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure</a> - when your heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body's needs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">Arrhythmia</a> - a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat</li> </ul> <p>Other types of heart diseases may affect your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html">heart valves</a> or heart muscle (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiomyopathy.html">cardiomyopathy</a>).</p> <h3>What causes heart diseases?</h3> <p>The causes of heart disease depend on the type of disease. Some possible causes include lifestyle, genetics, infections, medicines, and other diseases.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop heart diseases?</h3> <p>There are many different factors that can make you more likely to develop heart disease. Some of these factors you can change, but others you cannot.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Age.</strong> Your risk of heart disease goes up as you get older.</li> <li><strong>Sex.</strong> Some factors may affect heart disease risk differently in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">women</a> than in men.</li> <li><strong>Family history and genetics.</strong> A family history of early heart disease raises your risk of heart disease. And research has shown that some genes are linked to a higher risk of certain heart diseases.</li> <li><strong>Race/ethnicity.</strong> Certain groups have higher risks than others.</li> <li><strong>Lifestyle habits.</strong> Over time, unhealthy lifestyle habits can raise your risk heart disease: <ul> <li>Eating a diet high in saturated <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fats</a>, refined carbohydrates, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">salt</a>.</li> <li>Not getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">enough physical activity</a>.</li> <li>Drinking too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a> and exposure to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">secondhand smoke</a>.</li> <li>Too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Having other medical conditions</strong> can raise your risk of heart diseases. These conditions include: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a>.</li> <li>High <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">cholesterol levels</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">Autoimmune</a> and inflammatory diseases.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">Chronic kidney disease</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html">Metabolic syndrome</a>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of heart disease?</h3> <p>Your symptoms will depend on the type of heart disease you have. You may not have symptoms at first. In some cases, you may not know you have heart disease until you have a complication such as a heart attack.</p> <h3>How are heart diseases diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have heart disease, your health care provider will:</p> <ul> <li>Ask about your <strong>medical history</strong>, including your symptoms</li> <li>Ask about your <strong>family health history</strong>, including relatives who have had heart disease</li> <li>Do a <strong>physical exam</strong></li> <li>Likely run <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">heart tests</a></strong> and <strong>blood tests</strong></li> </ul> <p>In some cases, your provider may refer you to a cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in heart diseases) for tests, diagnosis, and care.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for heart disease?</h3> <p>Treatment plans for heart disease depend on the type of heart disease you have, how serious your symptoms are, and what other health conditions you have. Possible treatments may include:</p> <ul> <li>Heart-healthy lifestyle changes</li> <li>Medicines</li> <li>Procedures or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html">surgeries</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html">Cardiac rehabilitation</a></li> </ul> <h3>Can heart diseases be prevented?</h3> <p>You may be able to lower your risk of certain heart diseases by making <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">heart-healthy lifestyle changes</a> and managing any other medical conditions you have.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Older Adults Blood, Heart and Circulation Enfermedades del corazón Heart Diseases Arabic Bosnian Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Angina Arrhythmia Cardiac Rehabilitation Cardiomyopathy Congenital Heart Defects Coronary Artery Disease Diabetic Heart Disease Endocarditis Heart Attack Heart Failure Heart Health Tests Heart Surgery Heart Valve Diseases How to Prevent Heart Disease Pericardial Disorders Sudden Cardiac Arrest Cardiac Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Videos and Tutorials National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Video NIH Men Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Heart Association Related Issues American Heart Association Find an Expert American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Heart Association Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Heart Association Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Johns Hopkins Medicine Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children American Heart Association Living With American Heart Association Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert Society of Interventional Radiology Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics American Heart Association Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research American Heart Association Women National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Related Issues American Heart Association Related Issues American Heart Association Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Heart Association Related Issues American Heart Association Living With American Heart Association Related Issues American Heart Association Specifics Texas Heart Institute Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics PDF Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Health and Human Services Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Heart Association Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Heart Association Living With National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH CHF Cardiac failure Congestive heart failure Left-sided heart failure Right-sided heart failure <h3>What is heart failure?</h3> <p>Heart failure means that your heart can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood to meet your body's needs. Heart failure doesn't mean that your heart has stopped or is about to stop beating. But without enough blood flow, your organs may not work well, which can cause serious problems.</p> <p>Heart failure can affect one or both sides of your heart:</p> <ul> <li><strong>With right-sided heart failure</strong>, your heart is too weak to pump enough blood to your lungs to get oxygen.</li> <li><strong>With left-sided heart failure</strong>, your heart can't pump enough oxygen-rich blood out to your body. This happens when the left side of your heart becomes either: <ul> <li>Too weak to pump enough blood.</li> <li>Too thick or stiff to relax and fill with enough blood.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Left-sided heart failure is more common than right-sided heart failure.</p> <h3>What causes heart failure?</h3> <p>Heart failure can start suddenly after a medical condition or injury damages your heart muscle. But in most cases, heart failure develops slowly from long-term medical conditions.</p> <p>Conditions that can cause heart failure include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">Arrhythmia</a> (a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiomyopathy.html">Cardiomyopathy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">Congenital heart defects</a> or other types of heart diseases that you are born with</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">Coronary artery disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html">Endocarditis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">Heart attack</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html">Heart valve diseases</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html">A blood clot in your lung</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li>Certain severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">lung diseases</a>, such as <a href="copd.html" tid="27">COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a></li> </ul> <p>Over time, left-sided heart failure can lead to right-sided heart failure.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop heart failure?</h3> <p>Heart failure can happen at any age. It happens to both men and women, but men often develop it at a younger age than women. Your chance of developing heart failure increases if:</p> <ul> <li><strong>You're 65 years old or older.</strong> Aging can weaken and stiffen your heart muscle.</li> <li><strong>Your family health history</strong> includes relatives who have or have had heart failure.</li> <li><strong>You have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">changes in your genes</a></strong> that affect your heart tissue.</li> <li><strong>You have habits that can harm your heart</strong>, including: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a></li> <li>Eating foods high in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fat</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">cholesterol</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">sodium</a> (salt)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Having an inactive lifestyle</a></li> <li><a href="alcoholusedisorderaud.html" tid="120">Alcohol use disorder (AUD)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">Illegal drug use</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>You have other medical conditions that can affect your heart</strong>, including: <ul> <li>Any heart or blood vessel conditions, including high blood pressure</li> <li>Serious lung diseases</li> <li>Infection, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a></li> <li>Obesity</li> <li>Diabetes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">Sleep apnea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">Chronic kidney disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">Anemia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemochromatosis.html">Iron overload disease</a></li> <li>Cancer treatments that can harm your heart, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>You are African American.</strong> African Americans are more likely to develop heart failure and have more serious cases at younger ages than people of other races. Factors such as stigma, discrimination, income, education, and geographic region can also affect their risk of heart failure.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of heart failure?</h3> <p>The symptoms of heart failure depend on which side of your heart is affected and how serious your condition has become. Most symptoms are caused by reduced blood flow to your organs and fluid buildup in your body.</p> <p>Fluid buildup happens because the flow of blood through your heart is too slow. As a result, blood backs up in the vessels that return the blood to your heart. Fluid may leak from the blood vessels and collect in the tissues of your body, causing swelling (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html">edema</a>) and other problems.</p> <p>Symptoms of heart failure may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Feeling short of breath</a> (like you can't get enough air) when you do things like climbing stairs. This may be one of the first symptoms you notice.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a> or weakness even after rest.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">Coughing</a>.</li> <li>Swelling and weight gain from fluid in your ankles, lower legs, or abdomen (belly).</li> <li>Difficulty sleeping when lying flat.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea</a> and loss of appetite.</li> <li>Swelling in the veins of your neck.</li> <li><a href="urineandurination.html" tid="4889">Needing to urinate (pee) often</a>.</li> </ul> <p>At first you may have no symptoms or mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, your symptoms will usually bother you more.</p> <h3>What other problems does heart failure cause?</h3> <p>Fluid buildup and reduced blood flow to your organs can lead to serious problems, including:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Breathing problems</strong> from fluid in and around your lungs (also called congestive heart failure)</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">Kidney</a> or liver damage</strong> including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html">cirrhosis</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html">Malnutrition</a></strong> if fluid buildup makes eating uncomfortable or if your stomach doesn't get enough blood flow to digest food properly</li> <li><strong>Other heart conditions</strong>, such as irregular heartbeat and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html">sudden cardiac arrest</a></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryhypertension.html">Pulmonary hypertension</a></strong></li> </ul> <h3>How is heart failure diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have heart failure, your doctor will:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Ask about your medical history</strong>, including your symptoms</li> <li><strong>Ask about your family health history</strong>, including relatives who have had heart failure</li> <li><strong>Do a physical exam</strong></li> <li><strong>Will likely order <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">heart tests</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/what-you-need-to-know-about-blood-testing/">blood tests</a></strong>, including a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/natriuretic-peptide-tests-bnp-nt-probnp/">brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test</a></li> </ul> <p>In some cases, your doctor may refer you to a cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in heart diseases) for tests, diagnosis, and care.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for heart failure?</h3> <p>Your treatment will depend on the type of heart failure you have and how serious it is. There's no cure for heart failure. But treatment can help you live longer with fewer symptoms.</p> <p>Even with treatment, heart failure usually gets worse over time, so you'll likely need treatment for the rest of your life.</p> <p>Most treatment plans include:</p> <ul> <li>Taking medicine</li> <li>Eating less sodium and drinking less liquid to control fluid buildup</li> <li>Making other changes, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quitting smoking</a>, managing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>, and getting as much physical activity as your health care provider recommends</li> <li>Treating any conditions that may make heart failure worse</li> </ul> <p>You may need <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html">heart surgery</a> if:</p> <ul> <li>You have a congenital heart defect or damage to your heart that can be fixed.</li> <li>The left side of your heart is getting weaker and putting a device in your chest could help. Devices include: <ul> <li><strong>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">implantable cardioverter defibrillator</a></strong>.</li> <li><strong>A biventricular pacemaker</strong> (cardiac resynchronization therapy).</li> <li><strong>A mechanical heart pump</strong> (a ventricular assist device (VAD) or a total artificial heart).</li> </ul> </li> <li>Your heart doctor recommends a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html">heart transplant</a> because your heart failure is life-threatening and nothing else is helping.</li> </ul> <p>As part of your treatment, you'll need to pay close attention to your symptoms, because heart failure can worsen suddenly. Your provider may suggest a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html">cardiac rehabilitation program</a> to help you learn how to manage your condition.</p> <h3>Can heart failure be prevented?</h3> <p>You may be able to prevent or delay heart failure if you:</p> <ul> <li>Work with your provider to manage any health conditions that increase your risk of developing heart failure</li> <li>Make healthy changes in your eating, exercise, and other daily habits to help <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">prevent heart disease</a></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Older Adults Blood, Heart and Circulation Fallo cardíaco Heart Failure Cardiac Output, Low Arabic Bosnian Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cardiac Rehabilitation Heart Transplantation Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators CHF Cardiac Failure Congestive Heart Failure Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Heart Association Find an Expert American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Heart Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Heart Association Related Issues Texas Heart Institute Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Heart Rhythm Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Heart Association Related Issues American Heart Association Symptoms American Heart Association Video Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Living With American Heart Association PDF Easy-to-Read Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Heart Association Related Issues American Heart Association Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association Specifics American Heart Association Prevention and Risk Factors American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Texas Heart Institute Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Cardiac Diagnostic Tests <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart diseases</a> are the number one killer in the United States. They are also a major cause of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">disability</a>. If you do have heart disease, it is important to find it early, when it is easier to treat. Blood tests and heart health tests can help find heart diseases or identify problems that can lead to heart diseases. There are several different types of heart health tests. Your health care provider will decide which test or tests you need, based on your symptoms (if any), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">risk factors</a>, and medical history.</p> <h3>Cardiac Catheterization</h3> <p>Cardiac catheterization is a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat some heart conditions. For the procedure, your provider puts a catheter (a long, thin, flexible tube) into a blood vessel in your arm, groin, or neck, and threads it to your heart. The provider can use the catheter to:</p><ul> <li>Do a coronary angiography. This involves putting a special type of dye in the catheter, so the dye can flow through your bloodstream to your heart. Then your provider takes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-rays</a> of your heart. The dye allows your provider to see your coronary arteries on the x-ray, and to check for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a> (CAD). CAD is caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">plaque buildup in the arteries</a>.</li> <li>Take samples of your blood and heart muscle.</li> <li>Examine your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html">heart valves</a>.</li> <li>Do procedures such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html">angioplasty</a> or minor <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html">heart surgeries</a> to repair <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">congenital heart defects</a> or replace heart valves.</li> </ul> <h3>Cardiac CT Scan</h3> <p>A cardiac CT (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">computed tomography</a>) scan is a painless imaging test that uses x-rays to take detailed pictures of your heart and its blood vessels. Computers can combine these pictures to create a three-dimensional (3D) model of your whole heart. This test can help providers detect or evaluate various heart problems, including:</p> <ul> <li>Coronary artery disease</li> <li>Calcium buildup in the coronary arteries</li> <li>Congenital heart defects</li> <li>Problems with the aorta (the main artery that carries blood away from the heart)</li> <li>Problems with heart function and valves</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pericardialdisorders.html">Pericardial diseases</a></li> </ul> <p>Before you have the test, you get an injection of contrast dye. The dye highlights your heart and blood vessels in the pictures. The CT scanner is a large, tunnel-like machine. You lie still on a table that slides you into the scanner, and the scanner takes the pictures.</p> <h3>Cardiac MRI</h3> <p>Cardiac MRI (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">magnetic resonance imaging</a>) is a painless imaging test that uses radio waves, magnets, and a computer to create detailed pictures of your heart. It can help your provider figure out whether you have heart disease, and if so, how severe it is. A cardiac MRI can also help your provider decide the best way to treat heart problems such as:</p> <ul> <li>Congenital heart defects</li> <li>Coronary artery disease</li> <li>Heart valve problems</li> <li>Pericarditis</li> <li>Cardiac tumors</li> <li>Damage from a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a></li> </ul> <p>The MRI is a large, tunnel-like machine. You lie still on a table that slides you into the MRI machine. The machine makes loud noises as it takes pictures of your heart. Sometimes before the test, you might get an injection of contrast dye. The dye highlights your heart and blood vessels in the pictures.</p> <h3>Chest X-Ray</h3> <p>A chest x-ray creates pictures of the organs and structures inside your chest, such as your heart, lungs, and blood vessels. It can reveal signs of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">heart failure</a>, as well as lung disorders and other causes of symptoms not related to heart disease.</p> <h3>Coronary Angiography</h3> <p>Coronary angiography (angiogram) is a procedure that uses contrast dye and x-ray pictures to look at the insides of your arteries. It can show whether plaque is blocking your arteries and how severe the blockage is. Providers use this procedure to diagnose heart diseases after <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">chest pain</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html">sudden cardiac arrest</a> (SCA), or abnormal results from other heart tests such as an EKG or a stress test.</p> <p>You usually have a cardiac catheterization to inject the dye into your coronary arteries. Then the provider will take special x-rays while the dye is flowing through your coronary arteries. The dye lets your provider study the flow of blood through your heart and blood vessels.</p> <h3>Echocardiography</h3> <p>Echocardiography, or echo, is a painless test that uses sound waves to create moving pictures of your heart. The pictures show the size and shape of your heart. They also show how well your heart's chambers and valves are working. Providers use an echo to diagnose many different heart problems, and to check how severe they are.</p> <p>There are several different types of echocardiography. For transthoracic echocardiography (the most common type), a technician applies gel to your chest. The gel helps sound waves reach your heart. The technician moves a transducer (wand-like device) across your chest. The transducer connects to a computer. It transmits ultrasound waves into your chest, and the waves bounce (echo) back. The computer converts the echoes into pictures of your heart. </p> <h3><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/">Electrocardiogram</a> (EKG), (ECG)</h3> <p>An electrocardiogram, also called an ECG or EKG, is a painless test that detects and records your heart's electrical activity. It shows how fast your heart is beating and whether its rhythm is steady or irregular.</p> <p>An EKG may be part of a routine exam to screen for heart disease. Or you may get it to detect and study heart problems such as heart attacks, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">arrhythmia</a>, and heart failure.</p> <p>For the test, you lie still on a table and a nurse or technician attaches electrodes (patches that have sensors) to the skin on your chest, arms, and legs. Wires connect the electrodes to a machine that records your heart's electrical activity.</p> <h3><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/">Stress Testing</a></h3> <p>Stress testing looks at how your heart works during physical stress. It can help to diagnose coronary artery disease, and to check how severe it is. It can also check for other problems, including heart valve disease and heart failure.</p> <p>For the test, you exercise (or are given medicine if you are unable to exercise) to make your heart work hard and beat fast. While this is happening, you get an EKG and blood pressure monitoring. Before or after the test, you might also have an echocardiogram, or other imaging tests such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nuclearscans.html">nuclear scan</a>. For the nuclear scan, you get an injection of a tracer (a radioactive substance), which travels to your heart. Special cameras detect the energy from the tracer to craeate pictures of your heart. You have pictures taken after you exercise, and then after you rest.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Pruebas para la salud del corazón Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular Heart Function Tests Arabic Bosnian Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know CT Scans Diagnostic Imaging How to Prevent Heart Disease MRI Scans Nuclear Scans X-Rays Cardiac Test Heart Test Find an Expert American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Heart Association Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Society of Interventional Radiology Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Heart Association Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering NIH Journal Articles Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Cardiac surgery <h3>What is heart surgery?</h3> <p>Heart surgery can correct certain heart problems when other treatments haven't worked or can't be used.</p> <p>In some cases, heart surgery may be a medical emergency. For example, surgery for a severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a> may need to be done right away. In other cases, you can plan heart surgery ahead of time. Some heart surgeries are major operations, such as heart bypass surgery for blocked arteries in the heart. Other surgeries are more minor heart procedures, such as putting in a pacemaker.</p> <h3>What conditions does heart surgery treat?</h3> <p>There are different types of heart surgery that can help treat many heart conditions:</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Different types of heart surgery that can help treat many heart conditions." width="95%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">What conditions does heart surgery treat?</th> <th scope="col">What does the heart surgery do?</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td><strong><a href="coronaryarterydisease.html" tid="1276">Coronary artery disease (CAD)</a></strong> - when a sticky substance called plaque narrows or blocks the arteries that supply blood to your heart muscle.</td> <td>Makes a new path for blood to flow around the blocked part of an artery in the heart. This is called a <a href="coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html" tid="202">coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)</a>, or heart bypass. It's the most common heart surgery in adults.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html">Heart valve diseases</a></strong> - problems with the valves that control the flow of blood through your heart.</td> <td>Repairs heart valves.<br/><br/>Replaces heart valves with a mechanical valve or a biologic valve made from pig, cow, or human heart tissue.</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">Arrhythmia</a></strong> - problems with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat. They are caused by changes in the electrical signals that control your heartbeat.</td> <td>Places a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator</a> (ICD) in the chest to correct your heartbeat.<br/><br/>Treats <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html">atrial fibrillation</a> with small cuts in the heart muscle. The cuts form scars that make a path for the heart's electrical signals (Maze surgery).</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure</a></strong> - when your heart is too weak or stiff to pump enough oxygen-rich blood to meet your body's needs.</td> <td>Places a device in the chest which may include:<ul><li>An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) to help prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html">sudden cardiac arrest</a>.</li><li>A biventricular pacemaker to coordinate the heart's pumping action so it's more powerful.</li><li>A ventricular assist device to help the heart pump blood.</li><li>A total artificial heart to pump blood for the heart.</li></ul>Replaces a seriously diseased heart with a heathy heart (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html">heart transplantation</a>).</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td><strong>Heart <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html">aneurysm</a></strong> - a balloon-like bulge in the wall of an artery. It can be life-threatening if the aneurysm tears or bursts.</td> <td>Repairs or replaces the weak part of a heart artery using a patch or a tube made of fabric.</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html">Angina</a></strong> - chest pain from coronary artery disease.</td> <td>Uses a laser to make small channels through part of the heart muscle (transmyocardial laser revascularization).</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td><strong>Damaged and abnormal heart structures,</strong> including <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">congenital heart defects</a></strong> - heart structure problems that you're born with.</td> <td>Repairs heart damage or problems with how the heart and blood vessels are formed. Repairs depend on the type of defect or damage.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <h3>What approaches do surgeons use to do heart surgery?</h3> <p>The approach a surgeon uses to do heart surgery depends on your heart problem, your general health, and other factors. Approaches to heart surgery include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Open-heart surgery</strong> (also called traditional heart surgery) is when the surgeon cuts the chest open to reach the heart. Because it's difficult to operate on a beating heart, medicines are used to stop the heart. A heart-lung bypass machine keeps oxygen-rich blood pumping through the body during the surgery.</li> <li><strong>Off-pump heart surgery</strong> is open-heart surgery on a beating heart without using a heart-lung bypass machine. The surgeon holds the heart steady with a device. Surgeons may use off-pump heart surgery to do coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG), but only in certain cases.</li> <li><strong>Minimally invasive heart surgery</strong> uses small cuts between the ribs. The cuts may be as small as 2 to 3 inches. The surgeon inserts tools into the chest through the cuts. This type of heart surgery may or may not use a heart-lung bypass machine.</li> <li><strong>Robotic-assisted surgery</strong> is a type of minimally invasive surgery. The surgeon uses a computer to control tools on the arms of a robot. This allows the surgeon to be very accurate when doing difficult operations.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the risks of heart surgery?</h3> <p>Like all surgery, heart surgery has risks even though the results are often excellent. The risks include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html">Bleeding</a></li> <li>Infection, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html">swelling</a></li> <li>A problem from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anesthesia.html">anesthesia</a> (medicine that makes you sleep during surgery)</li> <li>Arrhythmia</li> <li>Damage to the heart, kidneys, liver, and lungs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Stroke</a></li> </ul> <p>The risks of heart surgery tend to be higher if:</p> <ul> <li>The surgery is an emergency.</li> <li>You have other medical conditions, including: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">Kidney diseases</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">Lung diseases</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralarterialdisease.html">Peripheral artery disease</a> (PAD)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Surgery and Rehabilitation Cirugías de corazón Cardiac Surgical Procedures Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Angioplasty Cardiac Rehabilitation Congenital Heart Defects Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Heart Attack Heart Diseases Heart Failure Heart Transplantation Heart Valve Diseases Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators Cardiac Surgery Open Heart Surgery Find an Expert American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Heart Association PDF Specifics Texas Heart Institute Specifics Texas Heart Institute Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Texas Heart Institute Specifics Texas Heart Institute Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Society of Thoracic Surgeons Video Children American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Living With Society of Thoracic Surgeons PDF Specifics American Heart Association PDF <p>A heart transplant removes a damaged or diseased heart and replaces it with a healthy one. The healthy heart comes from a donor who has died. It is the last resort for people with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">heart failure</a> when all other treatments have failed. The heart failure might have been caused by coronary heart disease, damaged heart valves or heart muscles, congenital heart defects, or viral infections of the heart.</p> <p>Although heart transplant surgery is a life-saving measure, it has many risks. Careful monitoring, treatment, and regular medical care can prevent or help manage some of these risks.</p> <p>After the surgery, most heart transplant patients can return to their normal levels of activity. However, fewer than 30% return to work for many different reasons.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Transplantation and Donation Trasplante de corazón Heart Transplantation Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cardiac Rehabilitation Heart Failure Organ Transplantation Related Issues United Network for Organ Sharing Find an Expert American Heart Association Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Society of Transplantation PDF Reference Desk Texas Heart Institute Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert Health Resources and Services Administration Journal Articles Statistics and Research Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Texas Heart Institute Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Valvular heart disease <h3>What are heart valve diseases?</h3> <p>Heart valve disease happens when one or more of your heart valves don't work well.</p> <p>Your heart has four valves: the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves. The valves have flaps that open and close. The flaps make sure that blood flows in the right direction through your heart and to the rest of your body. When your heart beats, the flaps open to let blood through. Between heartbeats they close to stop the blood from flowing backwards.</p> <p>If one or more of your heart valves doesn't open or close correctly, it can affect your blood flow and strain your heart. Fortunately, treatment helps most valve diseases.</p> <h3>What are the types of heart valve diseases?</h3> <p>Heart valves can have three basic kinds of problems:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Regurgitation</strong>, or backflow, happens when the flaps of a valve don't close tightly. This allows the blood to leak backwards. A common cause of regurgitation is prolapse, where the flaps of the valve flop or bulge back. Prolapse most often affects the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mitralvalveprolapse.html">mitral valve</a>.</li> <li><strong>Stenosis</strong> happens when the flaps of a valve become thick, stiff, or stuck together. This prevents the heart valve from opening all the way. Not enough blood can pass through the valve. Aortic valve stenosis is a common type of stenosis. It affects the valve that controls blood flow into the large artery that carries blood out of the heart to the body.</li> <li><strong>Atresia</strong> happens when a heart valve did not form properly and does not have an opening for blood to pass through.</li> </ul> <p>Sometimes a valve can have both regurgitation and stenosis.</p> <h3>What causes heart valve diseases?</h3> <p>Some people are born with heart valve disease. This is called congenital heart valve disease. It can happen alone or along with other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">congenital heart defects</a>. Heart valve disease can also develop over time as you get older or have certain conditions that affect the heart.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop heart valve diseases?</h3> <p>Your chance of having heart valve disease is higher if:</p> <ul> <li><strong>You are older.</strong> With age, the heart valves can become thick and stiff.</li> <li><strong>You have or have had other conditions that affect your heart and blood vessels.</strong> These include: <ul> <li><strong>Rheumatic fever.</strong> An untreated <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html">strep</a> throat can become rheumatic fever, which can harm the heart valves. The damage may not show up for years. Today, most people take <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a> to cure strep throat before it can cause heart valve damage.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html">Endocarditis</a>.</strong> This is a rare infection in the lining of the heart and heart valves. It is usually caused by bacteria in the bloodstream.</li> <li><strong>A heart attack.</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure</a>.</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">Coronary artery disease</a></strong>, especially when it affects the aorta (the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the body).</li> <li><strong>High blood pressure.</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">High blood cholesterol</a>.</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a>.</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a> and overweight.</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Lack of physical activity</a>.</strong></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>A family history of early heart disease:</strong> <ul> <li>A father or brother who had heart disease younger than 55.</li> <li>A mother or sister who had heart disease younger than 65.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>You were born with an aortic valve that wasn't formed right.</strong> Sometimes this will cause problems right away. Other times, the valve may work well enough for years before causing problems.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of heart valve diseases?</h3> <p>Many people live their whole lives with a heart valve that doesn't work perfectly and never have any problems. But heart valve disease may get worse slowly over time. You may develop signs and symptoms, such as:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a> (feeling like you can't get enough air)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html">Swelling</a> in your feet, ankles, abdomen (belly), or the veins in your neck</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a> when you're physically active</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">Arrhythmia</a>, a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html">fainting</a></li> </ul> <p>If you don't get treatment for heart valve disease, the symptoms and strain on your heart may keep getting worse.</p> <h3>What other problems can heart valve diseases cause?</h3> <p>When the valves don't work well, your heart has to pump harder to get enough blood out to the body. Without treatment, this extra workload on your heart can lead to:</p> <ul> <li>Heart failure</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">Blood clots</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html">Sudden cardiac arrest</a> or death</li> </ul> <h3>How is heart valve disease diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may listen to your heart with a stethoscope and hear that your heart makes abnormal sounds, such as a click or a heart murmur. These sounds may mean a valve isn't working normally. The provider will usually refer you to a cardiologist, a doctor who specializes in heart diseases.</p> <p>The doctor will also listen to your heart and will do a physical exam. You will also likely need to have one or more <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">heart tests</a>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for heart valve diseases?</h3> <p>Most heart valve problems can be treated successfully. Treatment may include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> to control your symptoms and keep your heart pumping well</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">Heart-healthy lifestyle changes</a></strong> to treat other related heart conditions</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html">Surgery</a></strong> to repair or replace a valve</li> </ul> <p>It's possible that you may need surgery, even if you don't have symptoms. Fixing the valve can help can prevent future heart problems.</p> <p>There are many ways to do heart valve surgery. You and your doctor can decide what's best for you, based on your valve problem and general health. Heart valve repair surgery has fewer risks than heart valve replacement. So, when repair is possible, it's preferred over valve replacement.</p> <p>In some cases, valve replacement is necessary. There are 2 types of replacement valves:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Biologic valves made from pig, cow, or human tissue.</strong> These valves tend to wear out after 10 to 15 years, but some may last longer.</li> <li><strong>Mechanical (human-made) valves</strong> usually don't wear out. But with a mechanical valve, you usually have to take <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">blood thinners</a> for the rest of your life to prevent blood clots. And your risk of endocarditis (a heart infection) is higher than with a biologic valve.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón Heart Valve Diseases Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cardiac Rehabilitation Heart Health Tests Mitral Valve Prolapse Aortic Stenosis Heart Murmur Valvular Heart Diseases Diagnosis and Tests American Heart Association Video Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Heart Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Society of Thoracic Surgeons Video Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Texas Heart Institute Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Video Children Nemours Foundation Videos and Tutorials American Heart Association Start Here American Heart Association Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Heart Association Video Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Society of Thoracic Surgeons Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association Specifics American Heart Association Video Specifics American Heart Association Video Journal Articles Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Heart Association Video Related Issues Texas Heart Institute Prevention and Risk Factors American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Texas Heart Institute Treatments and Therapies Texas Heart Institute Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association Living With Society of Thoracic Surgeons PDF Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association PDF Acid indigestion Pyrosis <p>Heartburn is a painful burning feeling in your chest or throat. It happens when stomach acid backs up into your esophagus, the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach.</p> <p>If you have heartburn more than twice a week, you may have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">GERD</a>. But you can have GERD without having heartburn.</p> <p>Pregnancy, certain foods, alcohol, and some medications can bring on heartburn. Treating heartburn is important because over time reflux can damage the esophagus.</p> <p>Over-the-counter medicines may help. If the heartburn continues, you may need prescription medicines or surgery. </p> <p>If you have other symptoms such as crushing chest pain, it could be a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>. Get help immediately.</p> Digestive System Symptoms Acidez estomacal Heartburn Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases GERD Indigestion Acid Reflux Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Children National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Heat exhaustion Heat stroke Sunstroke <p>Your body normally cools itself by sweating. During hot weather, especially when it is very humid, sweating just isn't enough to cool you off. Your body temperature can rise to dangerous levels and you can develop a heat illness.</p> <p>Most heat illnesses happen when you stay out in the heat too long. Exercising and working outside in high heat can also lead to heat illness. Older adults, young children, and those who are sick or overweight are most at risk. Taking certain medicines or drinking alcohol can also raise your risk.</p> <p>Heat-related illnesses include:</p><ul> <li>Heat stroke - a life-threatening illness in which body temperature may rise above 106 °F (41 °C) in minutes. Symptoms include dry skin, a rapid, strong pulse, dizziness, nausea, and confusion. If you see any of these signs, get medical help right away.</li> <li>Heat exhaustion - an illness that can happen after several days of exposure to high temperatures and not enough fluids. Symptoms include heavy sweating, rapid breathing, and a fast, weak pulse. If it is not treated, it can turn into heat stroke.</li> <li>Heat cramps - muscle pains or spasms that happen during heavy exercise. You usually get them in your abdomen, arms, or legs.</li> <li>Heat rash - skin irritation from excessive sweating. It is more common in young children.</li> </ul> <p>You can lower your risk of heat illness by drinking fluids to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydration</a>, replacing lost salt and minerals, and limiting your time in the heat.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Injuries and Wounds Symptoms Enfermedades causadas por el calor Heat Stress Disorders Spanish National Institute on Aging Dehydration Sun Exposure Heat Exhaustion Hot (Temperature) Sunstroke Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Red Cross Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Department of Homeland Security Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors American Red Cross Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Older Adults Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics VisualDX Specifics National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Children American College of Emergency Physicians Videos and Tutorials American College of Emergency Physicians Video Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Start Here Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues American Heart Association Patient Handouts National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PDF Journal Articles Children VisualDX Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Occupational Safety and Health Administration PDF <p>Heel problems are common and can be painful. Often, they result from too much stress on your heel bone and the tissues that surround it. That stress can come from:</p><ul> <li>Injuries</li> <li>Bruises that you get walking, running or jumping </li> <li>Wearing shoes that don't fit or aren't made well</li> <li>Being overweight</li> </ul> <p>These can lead to tendinitis, bursitis, and fasciitis, which are all types of inflammation of the tissues that surround your heel. Over time the stress can cause bone spurs and deformities. Certain diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout, can also lead to heel problems. Treatments for heel problems might include rest, medicines, exercises, taping, and special shoes. Surgery is rarely needed.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades del talón Heel injuries Spanish Foot Health Foot Injuries and Disorders Achilles Tendon Injuries Plantar Fasciitis Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Podiatric Medical Association Related Issues American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Treatments and Therapies American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Children American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Living With American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons PDF Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Reference Desk American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Start Here American Podiatric Medical Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Podiatric Medical Association Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Children American Academy of Family Physicians <p>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that causes infection in the stomach. It is the main cause of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html">peptic ulcers</a>, and it can also cause gastritis and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachcancer.html">stomach cancer</a>.</p> <p>About 30 to 40% of people in the United States get an H. pylori infection. Most people get it as a child. H. pylori usually does not cause symptoms. But it can break down the inner protective coating in some people's stomachs and cause inflammation. This can lead to gastritis or a peptic ulcer.</p> <p>Researchers aren't sure how H. pylori spreads. They think that it may spread by unclean food and water, or through contact with an infected person's saliva and other body fluids.</p> <p>A peptic ulcer causes a dull or burning pain in your stomach, especially when you have an empty stomach. It lasts for minutes to hours, and it may come and go for several days or weeks. It may also cause other symptoms, such as bloating, nausea, and weight loss. If you have the symptoms of a peptic ulcer, your health care provider will check to see whether you have H. pylori. There are blood, breath, and stool tests to check for H. pylori. In some cases, you may need an upper <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html">endoscopy</a>, often with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>.</p> <p>If you do have a peptic ulcer, the treatment is with a combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medicines. You will need to be tested again after treatment to make sure the infection is gone.</p> <p>There is no vaccine for H. pylori. Since H. pylori might spread through unclean food and water, you might be able to prevent it if you:</p><ul> <li>Wash your hands after using the bathroom and before eating</li> <li>Eat properly prepared food</li> <li>Drink water from a clean, safe source</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Infections Infecciones por Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter Infections Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Peptic Ulcer Stomach Cancer H. Pylori Infections Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Iron overload disease <p>Hemochromatosis is a disease in which too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html">iron</a> builds up in your body. Your body needs iron but too much of it is toxic. If you have hemochromatosis, you absorb more iron than you need. Your body has no natural way to get rid of the extra iron. It stores it in body tissues, especially the liver, heart, and pancreas. The extra iron can damage your organs. Without treatment, it can cause your organs to fail.</p> <p>There are two types of hemochromatosis. Primary hemochromatosis is an inherited disease. Secondary hemochromatosis is usually the result of something else, such as anemia, thalassemia, liver disease, or blood transfusions.</p> <p>Many symptoms of hemochromatosis are similar to those of other diseases. Not everyone has symptoms. If you do, you may have joint pain, fatigue, general weakness, weight loss, and stomach pain.</p> <p>Your doctor will diagnose hemochromatosis based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and the results from tests and procedures. Treatments include removing blood (and iron) from your body, medicines, and changes in your diet.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Digestive System Genetics/Birth Defects Metabolic Problems Hemocromatosis Hemochromatosis Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Iron Iron Overload Disease Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Liver Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Sobrecarga de hierro <p>La hemocromatosis es una enfermedad en la que exceso de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html">hierro</a> se acumula en su cuerpo. Su cuerpo necesita hierro, pero demasiado resulta tóxico. Si usted tiene hemocromatosis, absorbe más hierro de lo que necesita. Su cuerpo no tiene cómo deshacerse del hierro adicional en forma natural. Éste se almacena en los tejidos del cuerpo, especialmente el hígado, corazón y páncreas. El hierro adicional puede dañar sus órganos. Sin tratamiento, puede causar que sus órganos fallen. </p> <p>Hay dos tipos de hemocromatosis. La hemocromatosis primaria es una enfermedad hereditaria. Hemocromatosis secundaria es generalmente el resultado de algo más, como la anemia, la talasemia, enfermedad hepática o transfusiones de sangre.</p> <p>Muchos de los síntomas de la hemocromatosis se parecen a los de otras enfermedades. No todos muestran síntomas. Si lo hace, usted puede presentar dolor en las articulaciones, fatiga, debilidad general, pérdida de peso y dolor de estómago.</p> <p>Su médico diagnosticará la hemocromatosis tomando en cuenta sus antecedentes médicos y familiares, un examen físico y los resultados de pruebas y procedimientos. Los tratamientos incluyen la eliminación de la sangre (y el hierro) de su cuerpo, medicamentos y cambios en su dieta.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Sistema digestivo Genética y defectos congénitos Problemas del metabolismo Hemochromatosis Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Hierro en la dieta Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <h3>¿Qué es la hemofilia?</h3> <p>La hemofilia es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html">problema de la coagulación</a> raro en el que la sangre no coagula como debería. Esto puede causar problemas de sangrado excesivo después de una lesión o cirugía. También puede tener sangrado repentino dentro del cuerpo, como en sus articulaciones, músculos y órganos.</p> <p>Su sangre contiene muchas proteínas llamadas factores de coagulación que pueden ayudar a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado. Las personas con hemofilia tienen niveles bajos de uno de estos factores, generalmente el factor VIII (8) o el factor IX (9). La gravedad de la hemofilia depende de la cantidad de factor en la sangre. Cuanto más baja sea la cantidad del factor, más probable es que se produzca una hemorragia y que esto cause problemas de salud graves.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de hemofilia?</h3> <p>Hay varios tipos diferentes de hemofilia. Los más comunes son:</p> <ul> <li>Hemofilia A (hemofilia clásica): Causada por la falta o disminución del factor de coagulación VIII (8)</li> <li>Hemofilia B (enfermedad de Christmas): Causada por la falta o disminución del factor de coagulación IX (9)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa la hemofilia?</h3> <p>La mayoría de los tipos de hemofilia son heredados. Son causados por un cambio en uno de los genes (también llamado variación) que entrega instrucciones para producir las proteínas del factor de coagulación. Este cambio puede significar que las proteínas de coagulación no funcionan bien o que faltan por completo.</p> <p>Estos genes están en el cromosoma X. Es posible que tenga uno o dos cromosomas X:</p> <ul> <li>Las personas que nacen varones tienen un cromosoma X (de la madre) y un cromosoma Y (del padre). Pueden contraer hemofilia si su único cromosoma X tiene el cambio genético</li> <li>Las personas que nacen mujeres tienen dos cromosomas X, uno del padre y otro de la madre. Por lo general, solo contraen hemofilia si: <ul> <li>Ambos cromosomas X tienen el cambio genético <strong> ó</strong></li> <li>Un cromosoma X tiene el gen modificado y el otro cromosoma X falta o está inactivo</li> </ul> <p>Las personas que nacen mujeres con el cambio genético en un cromosoma X son "portadoras" de la hemofilia. A veces pueden tener algunos síntomas de hemofilia, y pueden transmitir el cambio genético a sus hijos.</p> </li> </ul> <p>La hemofilia que no se hereda se llama hemofilia adquirida. Es poco común. Ocurre cuando el cuerpo produce proteínas especializadas llamadas autoanticuerpos que atacan y desactivan un factor de coagulación. Esto puede ocurrir debido a un embarazo, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">trastornos del sistema inmunitario</a>, cáncer o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">reacciones alérgicas</a> a ciertos medicamentos. A veces la causa es desconocida.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de hemofilia?</h3> <p>La hemofilia es mucho más común en personas que nacieron varones, ya que pueden contraerla con un cambio en el gen de un cromosoma X. Las personas que tienen antecedentes familiares de hemofilia también corren un mayor riesgo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hemofilia?</h3> <p>Los signos y síntomas de la hemofilia son:</p> <ul> <li>Sangrado en las articulaciones. Esto puede causar hinchazón y dolor u opresión en las articulaciones. A menudo afecta las rodillas, los codos y los tobillos</li> <li>Sangrado en la piel (que son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html">moretones</a>)</li> <li>Sangrado en el músculo y el tejido blando, lo que puede causar una acumulación de sangre en el área (llamado hematoma)</li> <li>Sangrado de la boca y las encías, incluyendo sangrado difícil de detener después de perder un diente</li> <li>Sangrado después de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/circumcision.html">circuncisión</a></li> <li>Sangrado después de recibir inyecciones, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html">vacunas</a></li> <li>Sangrado en la cabeza de un bebé después de un parto difícil</li> <li>Sangre en la orina o las heces</li> <li>Sangrados nasales frecuentes y difíciles de detener</li> </ul> <p>En algunos casos, la hemofilia severa puede causar sangrado en el cerebro. Esto puede causar daño cerebral y puede poner en peligro la vida.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la hemofilia?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene hemofilia, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntar sobre su historial médico, incluyendo síntomas y otras afecciones de salud que pueda tener</li> <li>Preguntar sobre sus antecedentes familiares, para saber si tiene familiares que tengan o hayan tenido hemofilia</li> <li>Realizar un examen físico para buscar signos de hemofilia, como hematomas</li> <li>Solicitar ciertos análisis de sangre para mostrar si su sangre está coagulando como debe. Si no es así, se le realizarán <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-los-factores-de-la-coagulacion/">pruebas de factor de coagulación</a> para diagnosticar la causa del trastorno hemorrágico. Estos análisis de sangre mostrarían el tipo de hemofilia y su gravedad.</li> </ul> <p>Hay pruebas genéticas para los genes del factor VIII (8) y del factor IX (9). Esta prueba se puede usar en personas que tienen antecedentes familiares de hemofilia para:</p> <ul> <li>Identificar a las personas que son portadoras antes de tomar decisiones sobre un embarazo</li> <li>Hacer pruebas para la hemofilia a un feto durante el embarazo</li> <li>Hacer pruebas para la hemofilia a un recién nacido</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hemofilia?</h3> <p>La mejor manera de tratar la hemofilia es reemplazar el factor de coagulación faltante para que la sangre pueda coagular bien. En general, esto se hace inyectando un factor de coagulación de reemplazo en una vena. El factor de coagulación de reemplazo se puede hacer a partir de sangre humana donada. O puede hacerse en un laboratorio; a lo que se llama factor de coagulación recombinante.</p> <p>El factor de coagulación de reemplazo puede ayudar a tratar un episodio de sangrado. En los casos más graves de hemofilia, es posible que reciba el factor de manera regular para prevenir el sangrado. Puede aprender cómo inyectar el factor para que pueda hacerlo usted mismo en casa.</p> <p>Hay otros medicamentos para tratar la hemofilia. Pueden funcionar liberando el factor VIII (8) desde donde está almacenado en los tejidos del cuerpo, reemplazando la función del factor VIII (8) o evitando que se disuelvan los coágulos.</p> <p>Si el sangrado ha dañado sus articulaciones, la terapia física puede ayudar a mejorar su funcionamiento.</p> <p>Una atención médica de buena calidad entregada por profesionales de la salud con amplios conocimientos sobre el trastorno puede ayudar a prevenir algunos problemas graves. A menudo, la mejor opción de atención es visitar un <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hemophilia/treatment/treatment-centers.html">centro de tratamiento para la hemofilia (en inglés)</a>.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Genética y defectos congénitos Hemophilia Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Problemas de coagulación Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Federación Mundial de Hemofilia Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Federación Mundial de Hemofilia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Federación Mundial de Hemofilia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Federación Mundial de Hemofilia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Federación Mundial de Hemofilia PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Christmas disease Factor IX deficiency Factor VIII deficiency <h3>What is hemophilia?</h3> <p>Hemophilia is a rare <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html">bleeding disorder</a> in which the blood does not clot properly. This can lead to problems with bleeding too much after an injury or surgery. You can also have sudden bleeding inside your body, such as in your joints, muscles, and organs.</p> <p>Your blood contains many proteins called clotting factors that can help form clots to stop bleeding. People with hemophilia have low levels of one of these factors, usually either factor VIII (8) or factor IX (9). How severe the hemophilia is depends on the amount of factor in the blood. The lower the amount of the factor, the more likely it is that bleeding could happen and might lead to serious health problems.</p> <h3>What are the types of hemophilia?</h3> <p>There are several different types of hemophilia. The most common are:</p> <ul> <li>Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia), which is caused by a lack or decrease of clotting factor VIII (8)</li> <li>Hemophilia B (Christmas disease), which is caused by a lack or decrease of clotting factor IX (9)</li> </ul> <h3>What causes hemophilia?</h3> <p>Most types of hemophilia are inherited. They are caused by change in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hemophilia/">one of the genes</a> (also called a mutation) that provides instructions for making the clotting factor proteins. The change may mean that the clotting proteins don't work properly or that they are missing altogether.</p> <p>These genes are on the X chromosome. You may have one or two X chromosomes:</p> <ul> <li>People who are born male have one X chromosome (from the mother) and one Y chromosome (from the father). They can get hemophilia if their one X chromosome has the gene change.</li> <li>People who are born female have two X chromosomes, one from the father and one from the mother. They usually only get hemophilia if: <ul> <li>Both X chromosomes have the gene change <strong>OR</strong></li> <li>One X chromosome has the gene change and the other X chromosome is missing or inactive.</li> </ul> <p>People who are born female who have the gene change on one X chromosome are a "carrier" of hemophilia. Sometimes they may have some symptoms of hemophilia. They can pass the gene change on to their children.</p> </li> </ul> <p>Hemophilia that is not inherited is called acquired hemophilia. It is rare. It happens when your body makes specialized proteins called autoantibodies that attack and disable a clotting factor. This can happen because of pregnancy, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system disorders</a>, cancer, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">allergic reactions</a> to certain medicines. Sometimes the cause is unknown.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for hemophilia?</h3> <p>Hemophilia is much more common in people who were born male since they can get it with a change to the gene on one X chromosome. People who have a family history of hemophilia are also at higher risk.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of hemophilia?</h3> <p>The signs and symptoms of hemophilia are:</p> <ul> <li>Bleeding into the joints. This can cause swelling and pain or tightness in the joints. It often affects the knees, elbows, and ankles.</li> <li>Bleeding into the skin (which is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html">bruising</a>).</li> <li>Bleeding into the muscle and soft tissue, which can cause a build-up of blood in the area (called a hematoma).</li> <li>Bleeding of the mouth and gums, including bleeding that is hard to stop after you lose a tooth.</li> <li>Bleeding after <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/circumcision.html">circumcision</a>.</li> <li>Bleeding after having shots, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">vaccinations</a>.</li> <li>Bleeding in the head of an infant after a difficult delivery.</li> <li>Blood in the urine or stool.</li> <li>Frequent and hard-to-stop nosebleeds.</li> </ul> <p>In some cases, severe hemophilia may cause bleeding in the brain. This may cause brain damage and can be life-threatening.</p> <h3>How is hemophilia diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have hemophilia, your health care provider will:</p> <ul> <li>Ask about your medical history, including your symptoms and other health conditions you may have.</li> <li>Ask about your family history, to find out if you have relatives who have or had hemophilia.</li> <li>Do a physical exam to look for signs of hemophilia, such as bruising.</li> <li>Do certain blood tests to show if your blood is clotting properly. If it does not, then you will have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/coagulation-factor-tests/">clotting factor tests</a> to diagnose the cause of the bleeding disorder. These blood tests would show the type of hemophilia and the severity.</li> </ul> <p>There is genetic testing for the factor VIII (8) and factor IX (9) genes. This testing may be used in people who have a family history of hemophilia to:</p> <ul> <li>Identify people who are carriers before they make decisions about pregnancy</li> <li>Test a fetus for hemophilia during pregnancy</li> <li>Test a newborn for hemophilia</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for hemophilia?</h3> <p>The best way to treat hemophilia is to replace the missing clotting factor so that your blood can clot properly. This is usually done by injecting replacement clotting factor into a vein. The replacement clotting factor may be made from donated human blood. Or it may be made in a lab; this kind is called a recombinant clotting factor.</p> <p>Replacement clotting factor can help treat a bleeding episode. In more severe cases of hemophilia, you might get the factor on a regular basis to prevent bleeding. You can learn how to inject the factor so that you can do it yourself at home.</p> <p>There are other medicines to treat hemophilia. They may work by releasing factor VIII (8) from where it is stored in the body tissues, replacing the function of factor VIII (8), or preventing clots from breaking down.</p> <p>If bleeding has damaged your joints, physical therapy may help them function better.</p> <p>Good quality medical care from healthcare professionals who know a lot about the disorder can help prevent some serious problems. Often the best choice for care is to visit a <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hemophilia/treatment/treatment-centers.html">hemophilia treatment center (HTC)</a>.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Genetics/Birth Defects Hemofilia Hemophilia A Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bleeding Disorders Blood Coagulation Disorders Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society of Hematology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here World Federation of Hemophilia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Women World Federation of Hemophilia PDF Sangrado <p>El sangrado o hemorragia es la pérdida de sangre. Puede ser externo o dentro del cuerpo. Usted puede sangrar al hacerse un corte o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html">herida</a>. También puede ocurrir cuando sufre una lesión en un órgano interno. Algunos tipos de sangrado, como la hemorragia <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">gastrointestinal</a>, toser con sangre o el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html">sangrado vaginal</a>, pueden ser un síntoma de una enfermedad. </p> <p>Usualmente, cuando tiene una herida y comienza a sangrar, se forma un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulo sanguíneo</a> para detener la hemorragia rápidamente. Luego, el coágulo se disuelve naturalmente. Para poder formar un coágulo, su sangre necesita proteínas sanguíneas llamadas factores de coagulación y un tipo de glóbulo llamado plaqueta. Algunas personas tienen problemas con la coagulación debido a otra afección médica o una enfermedad hereditaria. Existen dos tipos de estos problemas:</p> <ul> <li>Es posible que su sangre no forme coágulos normalmente, lo que se conoce como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html">trastorno de la coagulación</a>. Esto sucede cuando su cuerpo no produce suficientes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html">plaquetas</a> o factores de coagulación, o no funcionan bien</li> <li>Su sangre puede formar demasiados coágulos, o los coágulos pueden no disolverse adecuadamente</li> </ul> <p>En ocasiones, la hemorragia puede causar otros problemas. Un hematoma es sangrado debajo de la piel. Algunos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html">accidentes cerebrovasculares</a> son causados por sangrado en el cerebro. Ciertas hemorragias pueden requerir primeros auxilios o ir a la sala de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emergencymedicalservices.html">emergencias</a>.</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Lesiones y heridas Síntomas Bleeding Hemorragia gastrointestinal Problemas de coagulación Problemas de la sangre Problemas plaquetarios Sangrado vaginal Sangre Transfusión y donación de sangre Sangrado Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Hombres Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Hombres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Sangrado gastrointestinal <p>Las vías intestinales o gastrointestinales incluyen el esófago, el estómago, el intestino delgado, el intestino grueso o colon, el recto y el ano. La hemorragia (sangrado) puede provenir de una o más de estas zonas. La cantidad de sangre puede ser tan pequeña que sólo se detecta con pruebas de laboratorio.</p> <p>Los signos de hemorragia en el tracto digestivo dependen de dónde se encuentra y cuánto sangrando hay. </p> <p>Los signos de sangrado en el tracto digestivo superior incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Sangre de un color rojo brillante en el vómito</li> <li>Vómito que parece café molido</li> <li>Heces negras o alquitranadas</li> <li>Sangre oscura mezclada con heces</li> <li>Heces mezcladas o recubiertas de sangre de color rojo brillante </li> </ul> <p>Los signos de sangrado en el tracto digestivo inferior incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Heces negras o alquitranadas</li> <li>Sangre oscura mezclada con heces</li> <li>Heces mezcladas o recubiertos de sangre de color rojo brillante</li> </ul> <p>La hemorragia gastrointestinal no es una enfermedad, sino el síntoma de una enfermedad. Existen muchas causas posibles de hemorragia gastrointestinal, entre ellas se encuentran <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html">hemorroides</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html">úlceras pépticas</a>, desgarres o inflamación en el esófago, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diverticulosisanddiverticulitis.html">diverticulosis y diverticulitis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html">colitis ulcerativa o ulcerosa</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html">enfermedad de Crohn</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonicpolyps.html">pólipos del colon</a> o cáncer de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html">colon</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html">estómago</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html">esófago</a>. </p> <p>La prueba que se utiliza con mayor frecuencia para conocer la causa de la hemorragia gastrointestinal se llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html">endoscopía</a>. Se utiliza un instrumento flexible que se inserta a través de la boca o el recto para ver el interior de las vías intestinales (GI). Un tipo de endoscopía que analiza el intestino grueso se llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">colonoscopía</a>. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Síntomas Gastrointestinal Bleeding Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Hemorroides Úlcera péptica Digestivo, Sangrado del aparato Sangrado gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica VHFs <p>Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of illnesses caused by four families of viruses. These include the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ebola.html">Ebola</a> and Marburg, Lassa fever, and yellow fever viruses. VHFs have common features: they affect many organs, they damage the blood vessels, and they affect the body's ability to regulate itself. Some VHFs cause mild disease, but some, like Ebola or Marburg, cause severe disease and death.</p> <p>VHFs are found around the world. Specific diseases are usually limited to areas where the animals that carry them live. For example, Lassa fever is limited to rural areas of West Africa where rats and mice carry the virus.</p> <p>The risk for travelers is low, but you should avoid visiting areas where there are disease outbreaks. Because there are no effective treatments for some of these viral infections, there is concern about their use in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html">bioterrorism</a>.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Fiebres hemorrágicas Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi Hmong Khmer Korean Spanish Spanish Tagalog Turkish Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Biodefense and Bioterrorism Dengue Ebola Viral Infections Lassa Fever Yellow Fever Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics World Health Organization Specifics World Health Organization Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert World Health Organization Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Intracerebral Hemorrhage Subarachnoid Hemorrhage <p>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a> is a medical emergency. There are two types - <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html">ischemic</a> and hemorrhagic. Hemorrhagic stroke is the less common type. It happens when a blood vessel breaks and bleeds into the brain. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. Causes include a bleeding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html">aneurysm</a>, an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arteriovenousmalformations.html">arteriovenous malformation</a> (AVM), or an artery wall that breaks open.</p> <p>Symptoms of stroke are:</p><ul> <li>Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body)</li> <li>Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech</li> <li>Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes</li> <li>Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination</li> <li>Sudden severe headache with no known cause</li> </ul> <p>It is important to treat strokes as quickly as possible. With a hemorrhagic stroke, the first steps are to find the cause of bleeding in the brain and then control it. Surgery may be needed. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/strokerehabilitation.html">Post-stroke rehabilitation</a> can help people overcome disabilities caused by stroke damage.</p> <p class="">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Brain and Nerves Accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico Hemorrhagic Stroke Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Brain Hemorrhage Cerebral Hemorrhage Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More American Stroke Association Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Piles <h3>What are hemorrhoids?</h3> <p>Hemorrhoids are swollen, inflamed veins around your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/analdisorders.html">anus</a> or the lower part of your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rectaldisorders.html">rectum</a>. There are two types:</p><ul> <li>External hemorrhoids, which form under the skin around your anus</li> <li>Internal hemorrhoids, which form in the lining of your anus and lower rectum</li> </ul> <h3>What causes hemorrhoids?</h3> <p>Hemorrhoids happen when there is too much pressure on the veins around the anus. This can be caused by:</p><ul> <li>Straining during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html">bowel movements</a>.</li> <li>Sitting on the toilet for long periods of time.</li> <li>Chronic <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">constipation</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>.</li> <li>A low-<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html">fiber</a> diet.</li> <li>Weakening of the supporting tissues in your anus and rectum. This can happen with aging and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnancy</a>.</li> <li>Frequently lifting heavy objects.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of hemorrhoids?</h3> <p>The symptoms of hemorrhoids depend on which type you have:</p> <p>With external hemorrhoids, you may have:</p><ul> <li>Anal itching</li> <li>One or more hard, tender lumps near your anus</li> <li>Anal pain, especially when sitting</li> </ul> <p>Too much straining, rubbing, or cleaning around your anus may make your symptoms worse. For many people, the symptoms of external hemorrhoids go away within a few days.</p> <p>With internal hemorrhoids, you may have:</p><ul> <li>Bleeding from your rectum - you would see bright red blood in your stool, on toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement</li> <li>Prolapse, which is a hemorrhoid that has fallen through your anal opening</li> </ul> <p>Internal hemorrhoids are usually not painful unless they are prolapsed. Prolapsed internal hemorrhoids may cause pain and discomfort.</p> <h3>How can I treat hemorrhoids at home?</h3> <p>You can most often treat your hemorrhoids at home by:</p><ul> <li>Eating foods that are high in fiber.</li> <li>Taking a stool softener or a fiber supplement.</li> <li>Drinking enough fluids every day.</li> <li>Not straining during bowel movements.</li> <li>Not sitting on the toilet for long periods of time.</li> <li>Taking over-the-counter <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a>.</li> <li>Taking warm baths several times a day to help relieve pain. This could be a regular bath or a sitz bath. With a sitz bath, you use a special plastic tub that allows you to sit in a few inches of warm water.</li> <li>Using over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams, ointments, or suppositories to relieve mild pain, swelling, and itching of external hemorrhoids.</li> </ul> <h3>When do I need to see a health care provider for hemorrhoids?</h3> <p>You should see your health care provider if you:</p><ul> <li>Still have symptoms after 1 week of at-home treatment.</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">bleeding</a> from your rectum. Hemorrhoids are a common cause of bleeding, but other conditions can also cause bleeding. They include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html">Crohn's disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html">ulcerative colitis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html">colorectal cancer</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/analcancer.html">anal cancer</a>. So it's important to see your provider to find the cause of the bleeding.</li> </ul> <h3>How are hemorrhoids diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have hemorrhoids, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your medical history.</li> <li>Will do a physical exam. Often providers can diagnose external hemorrhoids by looking at the area around your anus.</li> <li>Will do a digital rectal exam to check for internal hemorrhoids. For this, the provider will insert a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for anything that is abnormal.</li> <li>May do procedures such as an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/anoscopy/">anoscopy</a> to check for internal hemorrhoids.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for hemorrhoids?</h3> <p>If at-home treatments for hemorrhoids don't help you, you may need a medical procedure. There are several different procedures that your provider can do in the office. These procedures use different techniques to cause scar tissue to form in the hemorrhoids. This cuts off the blood supply, which usually shrinks the hemorrhoids. In severe cases, you may need surgery.</p> <h3>Can hemorrhoids be prevented?</h3> <p>You can help prevent hemorrhoids by:</p><ul> <li>Eating foods that are high in fiber</li> <li>Taking a stool softener or a fiber supplement</li> <li>Drinking enough fluids every day</li> <li>Not straining during bowel movements</li> <li>Not sitting on the toilet for long periods of time</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Hemorroides Hemorrhoidectomy Hemorrhoids Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Anal Disorders Rectal Disorders Piles Find an Expert American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Journal Articles Almorranas <h3>¿Qué son las hemorroides?</h3> <p>Las hemorroides son venas inflamadas o hinchadas alrededor del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analdisorders.html">ano</a> o la parte inferior de su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rectaldisorders.html">recto</a>. Hay dos tipos:</p> <ul> <li> Hemorroides externas: Se forman debajo de la piel alrededor del ano</li> <li>Hemorroides internas: Se forman en el revestimiento del ano y el recto inferior</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa las hemorroides?</h3> <p>Las hemorroides ocurren cuando hay demasiada presión en las venas alrededor del ano. Esto puede ser causado por:</p> <ul> <li>Esfuerzo durante las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html">deposiciones</a></li> <li>Sentarse en el baño por demasiado tiempo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">Estreñimiento</a> crónico o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a></li> <li>Dieta baja en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html">fibra</a></li> <li>Debilitamiento de los tejidos de soporte en el ano y recto: Esto puede suceder con el envejecimiento y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazo</a></li> <li>Levantar frecuentemente objetos pesados </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las hemorroides?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de las hemorroides dependen del tipo que tenga:</p> <p>En las hemorroides externas, puede tener:</p> <ul> <li>Picazón anal</li> <li>Uno o más bultos duros y sensibles cerca del ano</li> <li>Dolor anal, especialmente al estar sentado</li> </ul> <p>Hacer demasiado esfuerzo, frotarse o limpiarse alrededor de su ano puede empeorar sus síntomas. Para muchas personas, los síntomas de las hemorroides externas desaparecen en pocos días.</p> <p>En las hemorroides internas, puede tener:</p> <ul> <li>Sangrado del recto: Verá sangre roja brillante en las heces, en el papel higiénico o en la taza del inodoro después de defecar</li> <li>Prolapso: Es una hemorroide que sale a través del orificio anal</li> </ul> <p>En general, las hemorroides internas no son dolorosas a menos que estén prolapsadas. Las hemorroides internas prolapsadas pueden causar dolor e incomodidad.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo tratar las hemorroides en casa?</h3> <p>Usted puede tratar las hemorroides en casa al:</p> <ul> <li>Consumir alimentos ricos en fibra</li> <li>Tomar un ablandador de heces o un suplemento de fibra</li> <li>Beber suficientes líquidos todos los días</li> <li>No hacer mucho esfuerzo durante las deposiciones</li> <li>No sentarse en el baño por largos períodos de tiempo</li> <li>Tomar analgésicos de venta libre</li> <li>Tomar baños calientes varias veces al día para ayudar a aliviar el dolor: Esto puede ser un baño normal o un baño de asiento. Para el baño de asiento, utilice una bañera de plástico especial que le permita sentarse en unas pocas pulgadas de agua tibia</li> <li>Usar cremas, ungüentos o supositorios para hemorroides de venta libre para aliviar el dolor leve, la hinchazón y la picazón de las hemorroides externas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuándo es necesario ver a un profesional de la salud por hemorroides?</h3> <p>Debería ver a su proveedor de atención médica si:</p> <ul> <li>Todavía tiene síntomas después de una semana de tratamiento en el hogar</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">hemorragia rectal</a>: Las hemorroides son una causa común de sangrado, pero otras afecciones también pueden causar sangrado, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html">enfermedad de Crohn</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html">colitis ulcerativa</a>, cáncer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html">colorrectal</a> y cáncer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analcancer.html">anal</a>. Por ello, es importante consultar a su proveedor para encontrar la causa del sangrado</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las hemorroides?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene hemorroides, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Le preguntará sobre su historia clínica</li> <li>Hará un examen físico: A menudo, los proveedores pueden diagnosticar hemorroides externas al observar el área alrededor del ano</li> <li>Hará un examen rectal digital para verificar si hay hemorroides internas. Para esto, el profesional de la salud insertará un dedo enguantado y lubricado en el recto para detectar cualquier cosa anormal</li> <li>Puede realizar procedimientos como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anoscopia/">anoscopia</a> para verificar si hay hemorroides internas </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las hemorroides?</h3> <p>Si los tratamientos caseros para las hemorroides no ayudan, es posible que necesite un procedimiento médico. Hay varios procedimientos diferentes que su profesional de la salud puede hacer en la consulta. Estos procedimientos usan diferentes técnicas para causar la formación de tejido cicatricial en las hemorroides, lo que corta el suministro de sangre, generalmente reduciendo las hemorroides. En casos severos, puede necesitar cirugía.</p> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las hemorroides?</h3> <p>Puede ayudar a prevenir las hemorroides si:</p> <ul> <li>Consume alimentos ricos en fibra</li> <li>Toma un ablandador de heces o un suplemento de fibra</li> <li> Bebe suficientes líquidos todos los días</li> <li>No se esfuerza durante las deposiciones</li> <li>No se sienta en el baño durante largos períodos de tiempo</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Hemorrhoids Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades del ano Enfermedades rectales Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología PDF Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viral hepatitis <h3>What is hepatitis?</h3> <p>Hepatitis is inflammation of the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver</a>. Inflammation is swelling that happens when tissues of the body are injured or infected. It can damage your liver. This swelling and damage can affect how well your liver functions.</p> <p>Hepatitis can be an acute (short-term) infection or a chronic (long-term) infection. Some types of hepatitis cause only acute infections. Other types can cause both acute and chronic infections.</p> <h3>What causes hepatitis?</h3> <p>There are different types of hepatitis, with different causes:</p><ul> <li>Viral hepatitis is the most common type. It is caused by one of several viruses -- hepatitis viruses <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html">A</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html">B</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html">C</a>, D, and E. In the United States, A, B, and C are the most common.</li> <li>Alcoholic hepatitis is caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">heavy alcohol use</a></li> <li>Toxic hepatitis can be caused by certain poisons, chemicals, medicines, or supplements</li> <li>Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic type in which your body's immune system attacks your liver. The cause is not known, but genetics and your environment may play a role.</li> </ul> <h3>How is viral hepatitis spread?</h3> <p>Hepatitis A and hepatitis E usually spread through contact with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">food</a> or water that was contaminated with an infected person's stool. You can also get hepatitis E by eating undercooked pork, deer, or shellfish.</p> <p>Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis D spread through contact with the blood of someone who has the disease. Hepatitis B and D may also spread through contact with other body fluids. This can happen in many ways, such as sharing drug needles or having unprotected sex.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for hepatitis?</h3> <p>The risks are different for the different types of hepatitis. For example, with most of the viral types, your risk is higher if you have unprotected sex. People who drink a lot over long periods of time are at risk for alcoholic hepatitis.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of hepatitis?</h3> <p>Some people with hepatitis do not have symptoms and do not know they are infected. If you do have symptoms, they may include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and/or vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">Abdominal pain</a></li> <li>Dark urine</li> <li>Clay-colored bowel movements</li> <li>Joint pain</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html">Jaundice</a>, yellowing of your skin and eyes</li> </ul> <p>If you have an acute infection, your symptoms can start anywhere between 2 weeks to 6 months after you got infected. If you have a chronic infection, you may not have symptoms until many years later.</p> <h3>What other problems can hepatitis cause?</h3> <p>Chronic hepatitis can lead to complications such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html">cirrhosis</a> (scarring of the liver), liver failure, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html">liver cancer</a>. Early diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis may prevent these complications.</p> <h3>How is hepatitis diagnosed?</h3> <p>To diagnose hepatitis, your health care provider:</p><ul> <li>Will ask about your symptoms and medical history</li> <li>Will do a physical exam</li> <li>Will likely do blood tests, including tests for viral hepatitis</li> <li>Might do <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>, such as an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a></li> <li>May need to do a liver <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a> to get a clear diagnosis and check for liver damage</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for hepatitis?</h3> <p>Treatment for hepatitis depends on which type you have and whether it is acute or chronic. Acute viral hepatitis often goes away on its own. To feel better, you may just need to rest and get enough fluids. But in some cases, it may be more serious. You might even need treatment in a hospital.</p> <p>There are different medicines to treat the different chronic types of hepatitis. Possible other treatments may include surgery and other medical procedures. People who have alcoholic hepatitis need to stop drinking. If your chronic hepatitis leads to liver failure or liver cancer, you may need a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html">liver transplant</a>.</p> <h3>Can hepatitis be prevented?</h3> <p>There are different ways to prevent or lower your risk for hepatitis, depending on the type of hepatitis. For example, not drinking too much alcohol can prevent alcoholic hepatitis. There are vaccines to prevent hepatitis A and B. Autoimmune hepatitis cannot be prevented.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Infections Hepatitis Hepatitis Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Liver Diseases Liver Transplantation Viral Hepatitis Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Liver Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Related Issues Immunization Action Coalition PDF Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Men Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <h3>¿Qué es la hepatitis?</h3> <p>La hepatitis es la inflamación del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hígado</a>. Inflamación es la hinchazón de órganos que ocurren cuando se lesionan o infectan, y puede dañar su hígado. La hinchazón y daño puede afectar el buen funcionamiento de este órgano.</p> <p>La hepatitis puede ser una infección aguda (a corto plazo) o una infección crónica (a largo plazo). Algunos tipos de hepatitis solo causan infecciones agudas. Otros pueden causar infecciones tanto agudas como crónicas.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la hepatitis?</h3> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de hepatitis, con diferentes causas:</p> <ul> <li>La hepatitis viral es el tipo más común. Es causada por uno de varios tipos, los virus de la hepatitis <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html">A</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html">B</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html">C</a>, D y E. En los Estados Unidos, A, B y C son los más comunes</li> <li>La hepatitis alcohólica es causada por el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">consumo excesivo de alcohol</a></li> <li>La hepatitis tóxica puede ser causada por ciertos venenos, productos químicos, medicamentos o suplementos</li> <li> La hepatitis autoinmune es un tipo crónico en el que su sistema inmunitario ataca su hígado. Se desconoce la causa, pero la genética y el entorno pueden influir</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se transmite la hepatitis viral?</h3> <p>En general, la hepatitis A y la hepatitis E se transmiten a través del contacto con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">alimentos</a> o agua contaminados con las heces de una persona infectada. También puede contraer hepatitis E al comer carne de cerdo, ciervo o mariscos poco cocidos.</p> <p>La hepatitis B, C y D se transmiten a través del contacto con la sangre de una persona con la enfermedad. La hepatitis B y D también se pueden propagar a través del contacto con otros fluidos corporales. Esto puede suceder de muchas maneras, como compartir agujas de drogas o tener relaciones sexuales sin protección.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de contraer hepatitis?</h3> <p>Los riesgos son diferentes para los distintos tipos de hepatitis. Por ejemplo, con la mayoría de los tipos virales, su riesgo es mayor si tiene relaciones sexuales sin protección. Las personas que beben mucho durante períodos prolongados corren el riesgo de contraer hepatitis alcohólica.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hepatitis?</h3> <p>Algunas personas con hepatitis no presentan síntomas y no saben que están infectadas. Si se presentan síntomas, pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Pérdida de apetito</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náusea y/o vómitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">Dolor abdominal</a></li> <li>Orina oscura</li> <li>Heces de color arcilla</li> <li>Dolor en las articulaciones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html">Ictericia</a> (coloración amarillenta de la piel y los ojos)</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene una infección aguda, sus síntomas pueden comenzar entre 2 semanas y 6 meses después de haberse infectado. Si tiene una infección crónica, es posible que no tenga síntomas hasta muchos años después.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la hepatitis?</h3> <p>La hepatitis crónica puede provocar complicaciones como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html">cirrosis</a> (cicatrización del hígado), insuficiencia hepática y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html">cáncer de hígado</a>. El diagnóstico y el tratamiento temprano de la hepatitis crónica pueden prevenir estas complicaciones.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la hepatitis?</h3> <p>Para diagnosticar la hepatitis, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntar sobre sus síntomas y su historia clínica</li> <li>Hacer un examen físico</li> <li>Es probable que le hagan análisis de sangre, incluyendo pruebas de hepatitis viral</li> <li>Puede realizar pruebas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">diagnóstico por imágenes</a>, como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ecografía</a>, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a></li> <li>Es posible que sea necesario realizar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a>de hígado para obtener un diagnóstico claro y verificar si hay daño hepático</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hepatitis?</h3> <p>El tratamiento para la hepatitis depende del tipo que tenga y si es aguda o crónica. La hepatitis viral aguda a menudo desaparece por sí sola. Para sentirse mejor, es posible que solo necesite descansar y tomar suficientes líquidos. Pero en algunos casos puede ser más serio. Incluso podría necesitar tratamiento en un hospital.</p> <p>Hay diferentes medicamentos para tratar los distintos tipos crónicos de hepatitis. Otros posibles tratamientos pueden incluir cirugía y otros procedimientos médicos. Las personas con hepatitis alcohólica deben dejar el alcohol. Si su hepatitis crónica provoca insuficiencia hepática o cáncer de hígado, es posible que necesite un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html">trasplante de hígado</a>.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la hepatitis?</h3> <p>Hay diferentes formas de prevenir o reducir el riesgo de hepatitis, según el tipo de afección. Por ejemplo, no beber demasiado alcohol puede prevenir la hepatitis alcohólica. Existen vacunas para prevenir la hepatitis A y B. La hepatitis autoinmune no se puede prevenir.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Infecciones Hepatitis Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades del hígado Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Trasplante de hígado Hepatitis viral Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <h3>¿Qué es la hepatitis? </h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html">hepatitis</a> es una inflamación del hígado. La inflamación es una hinchazón que ocurre cuando los tejidos del cuerpo se lesionan o infectan. Esto puede dañar a su hígado. La hinchazón y daño puede afectar el buen funcionamiento de su hígado.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la hepatitis A? </h3> <p>La hepatitis A es un tipo de hepatitis viral. Provoca una infección aguda, o de corta duración. En general, esto significa que las personas mejoran sin tratamiento después de algunas semanas. Gracias a una vacuna, la hepatitis A no es muy común en los Estados Unidos. </p> <h3>¿Qué causa la hepatitis A? </h3> <p>La hepatitis A es causada por el virus de la hepatitis A. El virus se transmite a través del contacto con las heces de una persona infectada. Esto puede suceder si:</p><ul> <li>Consume alimentos elaborados por alguien que tiene el virus y no se lavó las manos bien después de ir al baño </li> <li>Bebe agua contaminada o come alimentos que se enjuagaron con agua contaminada </li> <li>Tiene contacto personal cercano con alguien que tiene hepatitis A. Esto puede ser a través de ciertos tipos de actividad sexual (como sexo oral-anal), cuidar a alguien que está enfermo o usar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas ilegales</a> con otras personas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de contraer hepatitis A? </h3> <p>Aunque cualquier persona puede contraer hepatitis A, usted corre un mayor riesgo si:</p><ul> <li>Viaja a países en desarrollo </li> <li>Tiene relaciones sexuales con alguien con hepatitis A </li> <li>Es un hombre que tiene sexo con hombres </li> <li>Usa drogas ilegales </li> <li>Es una persona <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homelessnessandhealth.html">sin hogar</a> (falta de vivienda) </li> <li>Vive con alguien que tiene hepatitis A o está a cargo de su cuidado </li> <li>Vive con o cuida de un niño adoptado recientemente de un país donde la hepatitis A es común </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hepatitis A? </h3> <p>No todas las personas con hepatitis A presentan síntomas. Los adultos tienen más probabilidades de tener síntomas que los niños. En general, si tiene síntomas estos comienzan de 2 a 7 semanas después de la infección. Pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li>Orina de color amarillo oscuro </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Fiebre </li> <li>Heces de color gris o arcilla</li> <li>Dolor en las articulaciones </li> <li>Pérdida del apetito </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náuseas y vómitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">Dolor abdominal</a></li> <li>Ojos y piel amarillentos, conocido como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html">ictericia</a></li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas suelen durar menos de 2 meses, aunque algunas personas pueden estar enfermas hasta por 6 meses. </p> <p>Usted tiene un mayor riesgo de contraer una infección más grave por hepatitis A si además tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html">hepatitis B</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html">hepatitis C</a>. </p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas pueden causar la hepatitis A? </h3> <p>En casos raros, la hepatitis A puede provocar insuficiencia hepática. Esto es más común en personas mayores de 50 años y en quienes tienen otra enfermedad del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hígado</a>. </p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la hepatitis A? </h3> <p>Para diagnosticar la hepatitis A, su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas:</p><ul> <li>Su historial médico, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas </li> <li>Un examen físico </li> <li>Análisis de sangre, incluyendo pruebas de hepatitis viral </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hepatitis A? </h3> <p>No existe un tratamiento específico para la hepatitis A. La mejor manera de recuperarse es descansar, beber muchos líquidos y consumir alimentos saludables. Su proveedor también puede sugerir medicamentos para ayudar a aliviar los síntomas. En casos más graves, es posible que necesite atención en un hospital. </p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la hepatitis A? </h3> <p>La mejor forma de prevenir la hepatitis A es vacunarse contra la hepatitis A. También es importante tener una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">buena higiene</a>, especialmente lavarse bien las manos después de ir al baño.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Infecciones Hepatitis A Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Hepatitis Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica HAV <h3>What is hepatitis?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html">Hepatitis</a> is inflammation of the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver</a>. Inflammation is swelling that happens when tissues of the body are injured or infected. It can damage your liver. This swelling and damage can affect how well your liver functions.</p> <h3>What is hepatitis A?</h3> <p>Hepatitis A is a type of viral hepatitis. It causes an acute, or short-term, infection. This means that people usually get better without treatment after a few weeks.</p> <p>Thanks to a vaccine, hepatitis A is not very common in the United States.</p> <h3>What causes hepatitis A?</h3> <p>Hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus. The virus spreads through contact with an infected person's stool. This can happen if you:</p><ul> <li>Eat food made by someone who has the virus and did not properly wash their hands after using the bathroom</li> <li>Drink contaminated water or eat foods that were rinsed with contaminated water</li> <li>Have close personal contact with someone who has hepatitis A. This could be through certain types of sex (like oral-anal sex), taking care of someone who is ill, or using <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">illegal drugs</a> with others.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for hepatitis A?</h3> <p>Although anyone can get hepatitis A, you are at higher risk if you:</p><ul> <li>Travel to developing countries</li> <li>Have sex with someone who has hepatitis A</li> <li>Are a man who has sex with men</li> <li>Use illegal drugs</li> <li>Are experiencing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/homelessnessandhealth.html">homelessness</a></li> <li>Live with or care for someone who has hepatitis A</li> <li>Live with or care for a child recently adopted from a country where hepatitis A is common</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?</h3> <p>Not everyone with hepatitis A has symptoms. Adults are more likely to have symptoms than children. If you do have symptoms, they usually start 2 to 7 weeks after infection. They can include:</p><ul> <li>Dark yellow urine</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Fever</li> <li>Gray- or clay-colored stools</li> <li>Joint pain</li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and/or vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">Abdominal pain</a></li> <li>Yellowish eyes and skin, called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html">jaundice</a></li> </ul> <p>The symptoms usually last less than 2 months, although some people can be ill for as long as 6 months.</p> <p>You are at a higher risk of getting a more severe infection from hepatitis A if you also have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html">hepatitis B</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html">hepatitis C</a>. </p><h3>What other problems can hepatitis A cause?</h3> <p>In rare cases, hepatitis A may lead to liver failure. This is more common in adults over age 50 and in people who have another <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver</a>.</p> <h3>How is hepatitis A diagnosed?</h3> <p>To diagnose hepatitis A, your health care provider may use many tools:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms</li> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>Blood tests, including tests for viral hepatitis</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for hepatitis A?</h3> <p>There is no specific treatment for hepatitis A. The best way to recover is to rest, drink plenty of liquids, and eat healthy foods. Your provider may also suggest medicines to help relieve symptoms. In more severe cases, you may need care in a hospital.</p> <h3>Can hepatitis A be prevented?</h3> <p>The best way to prevent hepatitis A is to get the hepatitis A vaccine. It is also important to have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">good hygiene</a>, especially washing your hands thoroughly after you go to the bathroom.</p> <p class="">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Infections Hepatitis A Hepatitis A Amharic Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Chuukese Dari Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Ilocano Italian Japanese Karen Khmer Kinyarwanda Korean Marshallese Nepali Oromo Pashto Pohnpeian Polish Portuguese Russian Samoan Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Tigrinya Tongan Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Hepatitis Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Prevention and Risk Factors Immunization Action Coalition PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Men Immunization Action Coalition PDF Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HBV <h3>What is hepatitis?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html">Hepatitis</a> is inflammation of the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver</a>. Inflammation is swelling that happens when tissues of the body are injured or infected. It can damage your liver. This swelling and damage can affect how well your liver functions.</p> <h3>What is hepatitis B?</h3> <p>Hepatitis B is a type of viral hepatitis. It can cause an acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) infection. People with an acute infection usually get better on their own without treatment. Some people with chronic hepatitis B will need treatment.</p> <p>Thanks to a vaccine, hepatitis B is not very common in the United States. It is more common in certain parts of the world, such as sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia.</p> <h3>What causes hepatitis B?</h3> <p>Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus. The virus spreads through contact with blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person who has the virus.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for hepatitis B?</h3> <p>Anyone can get hepatitis B, but the risk is higher in:</p><ul> <li>Infants born to mothers who have hepatitis B</li> <li>People who inject drugs or share needles, syringes, and other types of drug equipment</li> <li>Sex partners of people with hepatitis B, especially if they are not using latex or polyurethane condoms during sex</li> <li>Men who have sex with men</li> <li>People who live with someone who has hepatitis B, especially if they use the same razor, toothbrush, or nail clippers</li> <li>Health care and public-safety workers who are exposed to blood on the job</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">Hemodialysis</a> patients</li> <li>People who have lived in or traveled often to parts of the world where hepatitis B is common</li> <li>People who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html">hepatitis C</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of hepatitis B?</h3> <p>Often, people with hepatitis B don't have symptoms. Adults and children over 5 are more likely to have symptoms than younger children.</p> <p>Some people with acute hepatitis B have symptoms 2 to 5 months after infection. These symptoms can include:</p><ul> <li>Dark yellow urine</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Fever</li> <li>Gray- or clay-colored stools</li> <li>Joint pain</li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and/or vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">Abdominal pain</a></li> <li>Yellowish eyes and skin, called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html">jaundice</a></li> </ul> <p>If you have chronic hepatitis B, you may not have symptoms until complications develop. This could be decades after you were infected. For this reason, hepatitis B screening is important, even if you have no symptoms. Screening means that you are tested for a disease even though you don't have symptoms. If you are at high risk, your health care provider may suggest screening.</p> <h3>What other problems can hepatitis B cause?</h3> <p>In rare cases, acute hepatitis B can cause liver failure.</p> <p>Chronic hepatitis B can develop into a serious disease that causes long-term health problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html">cirrhosis</a> (scarring of the liver), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html">liver cancer</a>, and liver failure.</p> <p>If you have ever had hepatitis B, the virus may become active again, or reactivated, later in life. This could start to damage the liver and cause symptoms.</p> <h3>How is hepatitis B diagnosed?</h3> <p>To diagnose hepatitis B, your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms</li> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>Blood tests, including tests for viral hepatitis</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for hepatitis B?</h3> <p>If you have acute hepatitis B, you probably don't need treatment. Some people with chronic hepatitis B don't need treatment. But if you have a chronic infection and blood tests show that hepatitis B could be damaging your liver, you may need to take antiviral medicines.</p> <h3>Can hepatitis B be prevented?</h3> <p>The best way to prevent hepatitis B is to get the hepatitis B vaccine.</p> <p>You can also reduce your chance of hepatitis B infection by:</p><ul> <li>Not sharing drug needles or other drug materials</li> <li>Wearing gloves if you have to touch another person's blood or open sores</li> <li>Making sure your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/piercingandtattoos.html">tattoo artist or body piercer</a> uses sterile tools</li> <li>Not sharing personal items, such as toothbrushes, razors, or nail clippers</li> <li>Using a latex condom during sex. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms.</li> </ul> <p>If you think you have been in contact with the hepatitis B virus, see your health care provider right away. Your provider may give you a dose of the hepatitis B vaccine to prevent infection. In some cases, your provider may also give you a medicine called hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG). You need to get the vaccine and the HBIG (if needed) as soon as possible after coming into contact with the virus. It is best if you can get them within 24 hours.</p> <p class="">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Infections Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Amharic Arabic Armenian Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Indonesian Italian Japanese Karen Khmer Korean Nepali Oromo Pashto Polish Portuguese Punjabi Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Hepatitis Hepatitis A Hepatitis C Living With Hepatitis B Foundation Treatments and Therapies Hepatitis B Foundation Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Patient Handouts National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Start Here Department of Veterans Affairs Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Asian Liver Center at Stanford University PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Hepatitis B Foundation Men Immunization Action Coalition PDF Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Hepatitis B Foundation Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <h3>¿Qué es la hepatitis?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html">hepatitis</a> es una inflamación del hígado. La inflamación es una hinchazón que ocurre cuando los tejidos del cuerpo se lesionan o infectan. Esto puede dañar su hígado. La hinchazón y daño puede afectar el buen funcionamiento de su hígado.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la hepatitis B?</h3> <p>La hepatitis B es un tipo de hepatitis viral. Puede causar una infección aguda (a corto plazo) o crónica (a largo plazo). En general, las personas con una infección aguda mejoran por sí solas sin tratamiento. Algunas personas con hepatitis B crónica necesitan tratamiento.</p> <p>Gracias a una vacuna, la hepatitis B no es muy común en los Estados Unidos. Es más común en ciertas partes del mundo, como el África subsahariana y partes de Asia.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la hepatitis B?</h3> <p>La hepatitis B es causada por el virus de la hepatitis B. El virus se transmite a través del contacto con sangre, semen u otros fluidos corporales de una persona que tiene el virus.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de contraer hepatitis B?</h3> <p>Cualquiera puede contraer hepatitis B, pero el riesgo es mayor para:</p> <ul> <li>Bebés nacidos de madres con hepatitis B</li> <li>Personas que se inyectan drogas o comparten agujas, jeringas y otros tipos de dispositivos para drogas</li> <li>Compañeros sexuales de personas con hepatitis B, especialmente si no usan condones de látex o poliuretano durante las relaciones sexuales</li> <li>Hombres que tienen sexo con hombres</li> <li>Personas que viven con alguien que tiene hepatitis B, especialmente si usan la misma máquina de afeitar, cepillo de dientes o cortaúñas</li> <li>Trabajadores de la salud y seguridad pública que están expuestos a sangre en su labor</li> <li>Pacientes en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">hemodiálisis</a></li> <li>Personas que han vivido o viajado con frecuencia a partes del mundo donde la hepatitis B es común</li> <li> Personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html">hepatitis C</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hepatitis B?</h3> <p>A menudo, las personas con hepatitis B no presentan síntomas. Los adultos y los niños mayores de 5 años tienen más probabilidades de presentar síntomas que los niños más pequeños.</p> <p>Algunas personas con hepatitis B aguda presentan síntomas de 2 a 5 meses después de la infección. Estos síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Orina de color amarillo oscuro </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Fiebre </li> <li>Heces de color gris o arcilla</li> <li>Dolor en las articulaciones </li> <li>Pérdida del apetito </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náuseas y vómitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">Dolor abdominal</a></li> <li>Ojos y piel amarillentos, conocido como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html">ictericia</a></li> </ul> <p>Si tiene hepatitis B crónica, es posible que no tenga síntomas hasta que se desarrollen complicaciones. Esto podría suceder décadas después de la infección. Por ello, la detección de la hepatitis B es importante, incluso si no tiene síntomas. Para ello, se realiza una prueba de detección de una enfermedad, aunque no tenga síntomas. Si tiene un alto riesgo, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle que se haga un examen.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas pueden causar la hepatitis B?</h3> <p>En casos raros, la hepatitis B aguda puede causar insuficiencia hepática.</p> <p>La hepatitis B crónica puede convertirse en una enfermedad grave que causa problemas de salud a largo plazo, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html">cirrosis </a> (cicatrización del hígado), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html">cáncer de hígado</a> e insuficiencia hepática.</p> <p>Si alguna vez ha tenido hepatitis B, el virus puede volver a activarse o reactivarse más adelante en la vida. Esto podría comenzar a dañar el hígado y causar síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la hepatitis B?</h3> <p>Para diagnosticar la hepatitis B, su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas:</p> <ul> <li>Su historial médico, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Análisis de sangre, incluyendo pruebas de hepatitis viral</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hepatitis B?</h3> <p>Si tiene hepatitis B aguda, es probable que no necesite tratamiento. Algunas personas con hepatitis B crónica no necesitan tratamiento. Pero si tiene una infección crónica y los análisis de sangre muestran que la hepatitis B podría estar dañando su hígado, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos antivirales.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la hepatitis B?</h3> <p>La mejor manera de prevenir la hepatitis B es vacunarse contra la hepatitis B.</p> <p>También puede reducir su probabilidad de infección por hepatitis B al:</p> <ul> <li>No compartir agujas u otros dispositivos para las drogas</li> <li>Usar guantes si tiene que tocar la sangre de otra persona o abrir llagas</li> <li>Asegurarse de que su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/piercingandtattoos.html">tatuador o perforador</a> use herramientas esterilizadas</li> <li>No compartir artículos personales, como cepillos de dientes, máquinas de afeitar o cortaúñas</li> <li> Usar un condón de látex durante las relaciones sexuales. Si su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al látex</a>, puede ayudar usar un condón de poliuretano </li> </ul> <p>Si cree que ha estado en contacto con el virus de la hepatitis B, consulte a su profesional de la salud de inmediato. Su proveedor puede administrarle una dosis de la vacuna contra la hepatitis B para prevenir una infección. En algunos casos, su proveedor también puede darle un medicamento llamado inmunoglobulina contra la hepatitis B (IGHB). Debe recibir la vacuna y la HBIG (si es necesario) lo antes posible después de estar en contacto con el virus. Es mejor si puede obtenerlos dentro de las 24 horas siguientes.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Infecciones Hepatitis B Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Hepatitis Hepatitis A Hepatitis C Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Hepatitis B En inglés y español Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Hepatitis B En inglés y español Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF HCV <h3>What is hepatitis C?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html">Hepatitis</a> is inflammation of the liver. Inflammation is swelling that happens when tissues of the body are injured or infected. Inflammation can damage organs.</p> <p>There are different types of hepatitis. One type, hepatitis C, is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C can range from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong illness.</p> <p>Hepatitis C can be acute or chronic:</p><ul> <li><strong>Acute hepatitis C</strong> is a short-term infection. The symptoms can last up to 6 months. Sometimes your body is able to fight off the infection and the virus goes away. But for most people, an acute infection leads to chronic infection.</li> <li><strong>Chronic hepatitis C</strong> is a long-lasting infection. If it is not treated, it can last for a lifetime and cause serious health problems, including liver damage, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html">cirrhosis</a> (scarring of the liver), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html">liver cancer</a>, and even death.</li> </ul> <h3>How is hepatitis C spread?</h3> <p>Hepatitis C spreads through contact with the blood of someone who has HCV. This contact may be through:</p><ul> <li>Sharing drug needles or other drug materials with someone who has HCV. In the United States, this is the most common way that people get hepatitis C.</li> <li>Getting an accidental stick with a needle that was used on someone who has HCV. This can happen in health care settings.</li> <li>Being tattooed or pierced with tools or inks that were not sterilized after being used on someone who has HCV.</li> <li>Having contact with the blood or open sores of someone who has HCV.</li> <li>Sharing personal care items that may have come in contact with another person's blood, such as razors or toothbrushes.</li> <li>Being born to a mother with HCV.</li> <li>Having unprotected sex with someone who has HCV.</li> </ul> <p>Before 1992, hepatitis C was also commonly spread through blood transfusions and organ transplants. Since then, there has been routine testing of the U.S. blood supply for HCV. It is now very rare for someone to get HCV this way.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to get hepatitis C?</h3> <p>You are more likely to get hepatitis C if you:</p><ul> <li>Have injected drugs</li> <li>Had a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">blood transfusion</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">organ transplant</a> before July 1992</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemophilia.html">hemophilia</a> and received clotting factor before 1987</li> <li>Have been on kidney <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">dialysis</a></li> <li>Have been in contact with blood or infected needles at work</li> <li>Have had <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/piercingandtattoos.html">tattoos or body piercings</a></li> <li>Have worked or lived in a prison</li> <li>Were born to a mother with hepatitis C</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a></li> <li>Have had more than one sex partner in the last 6 months</li> <li>Have had a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infection</a> (STI)</li> <li>Are a man who has had sex with men (MSM)</li> </ul> <p>If you are at high risk for hepatitis C, your health care provider will likely recommend that you get tested for it.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of hepatitis C?</h3> <p>Most people with hepatitis C have no symptoms. Some people with acute hepatitis C do have symptoms within 1 to 3 months after they are exposed to the virus. These symptoms may include:</p><ul> <li>Dark yellow urine</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li>Gray- or clay-colored stools</li> <li>Joint pain</li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and/or vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">Pain in your abdomen</a> (belly)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html">Jaundice</a> (yellowish eyes and skin)</li> </ul> <p>If you have chronic hepatitis C, you probably will not have symptoms until it causes complications. This can happen decades after you were infected. For this reason, hepatitis C screening is important, even if you have no symptoms.</p> <h3>What other problems can hepatitis C cause?</h3> <p>Without treatment, hepatitis C may lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C can prevent these complications.</p> <h3>How is hepatitis C diagnosed?</h3> <p>Providers diagnose hepatitis C based on your medical history, a physical exam, and blood tests.</p> <p>If you do have hepatitis C, you may need additional tests to check for liver damage. These tests may include other blood tests, an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a> of the liver, and a liver <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for hepatitis C?</h3> <p>Treatment for hepatitis C is with antiviral medicines. They can cure the disease in most cases.</p> <p>If you have acute hepatitis C, your provider may wait to see if your infection becomes chronic before starting treatment.</p> <p>If your hepatitis C causes cirrhosis, you should see a doctor who specializes in liver diseases. Treatments for health problems related to cirrhosis include medicines, surgery, and other medical procedures. If your hepatitis C leads to liver failure or liver cancer, you may need a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html">liver transplant</a>.</p> <h3>Can hepatitis C be prevented?</h3> <p>There is no vaccine for hepatitis C. But you can help protect yourself from hepatitis C infection by:</p><ul> <li>Not sharing drug needles or other drug materials.</li> <li>Wearing gloves if you have to touch another person's blood or open sores.</li> <li>Making sure your tattoo artist or body piercer uses sterile tools and unopened ink.</li> <li>Not sharing personal items such toothbrushes, razors, or nail clippers.</li> <li>Using a latex condom during sex. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Infections Hepatitis C Hepatitis C Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Hepatitis Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Liver Diseases Liver Transplantation Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Department of Veterans Affairs Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Related Issues American College of Rheumatology Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Patient Handouts National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Easy-to-Read Living With Department of Veterans Affairs Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Treatments and Therapies Department of Veterans Affairs Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Living With American College of Gastroenterology PDF Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Immunization Action Coalition PDF Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <h3>¿Qué es la hepatitis C?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html">hepatitis</a> es la inflamación del hígado. Inflamación es la hinchazón de órganos que ocurren cuando los órganos se lesionan o infectan. La inflamación puede dañar los órganos.</p> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de hepatitis. Un tipo, la hepatitis C, es causado por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC). La hepatitis C puede variar desde una enfermedad leve que dura unas pocas semanas hasta una grave de por vida.</p> <p>La hepatitis C puede ser aguda o crónica:</p> <ul> <li>La <strong>hepatitis C aguda</strong> es una infección de corta duración. Los síntomas pueden durar hasta 6 meses. A veces, su cuerpo es capaz de combatir la infección y el virus desaparece. Pero para la mayoría de las personas, una infección aguda conduce a una infección crónica</li> <li>La <strong>hepatitis C crónica</strong> es una infección de larga duración. Si no se trata, puede durar toda la vida y causar graves problemas de salud, como daño al hígado, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html">cirrosis</a> (cicatrización del hígado), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html">cáncer de hígado</a> e incluso la muerte</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se propaga la hepatitis C?</h3> <p>La hepatitis C se propaga a través del contacto con la sangre de alguien que tiene el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC). Este contacto puede ser a través de:</p> <ul> <li>Compartir agujas u otros materiales de drogas con alguien que tiene VHC. En los Estados Unidos, esta es la forma más común de propagación de la hepatitis C</li> <li>Sufrir un pinchazo accidental con una aguja que se usó en alguien que tiene VHC. Esto puede suceder en entornos de atención médica</li> <li>Ser tatuado o perforado con herramientas o tintas que no fueron esterilizadas después de haber sido utilizadas en alguien que tiene el VHC</li> <li>Tener contacto con la sangre o heridas abiertas de alguien que tiene VHC</li> <li>Compartir artículos de cuidado personal que puedan haber estado en contacto con la sangre de otra persona, como máquinas de afeitar o cepillos de dientes</li> <li>Nacer de una madre con VHC</li> <li>Tener relaciones sexuales sin protección con alguien que tiene VHC</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién es más propenso a contraer hepatitis C?</h3> <p>Es más probable que tenga hepatitis C si:</p> <ul> <li>Se ha inyectado drogas</li> <li>Tuvo una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">transfusión de sangre</a> o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">trasplante de órganos</a> antes de julio de 1992</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemophilia.html">hemofilia</a> y recibió factor de coagulación antes de 1987</li> <li>Se ha sometido a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">diálisis</a> renal</li> <li>Ha estado en contacto con sangre o con agujas infectadas en el trabajo</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/piercingandtattoos.html">tatuajes o perforaciones</a> en el cuerpo</li> <li>Ha trabajado o vivido en una prisión</li> <li>Nació de una madre con hepatitis C</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a></li> <li>Ha tenido más de una pareja sexual en los últimos 6 meses</li> <li>Ha tenido una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">infección de transmisión sexual</a></li> <li>Es un hombre que ha tenido sexo con hombres</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene un alto riesgo de contraer hepatitis C, es probable que su profesional de la salud le recomiende hacerse la prueba.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hepatitis C?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas con hepatitis C no tienen síntomas. Algunas personas con hepatitis C aguda tienen síntomas entre 1 y 3 meses después de haber estado expuestos al virus. Estos síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Orina de color amarillo oscuro</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li>Heces grises o color de arcilla</li> <li>Dolor en las articulaciones</li> <li>Pérdida de apetito</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náusea y / o vómitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">Dolor abdominal</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html">Ictericia</a> (ojos y piel amarillentos)</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene hepatitis C crónica, es probable que no tenga síntomas hasta que cause complicaciones. Esto puede suceder décadas después de su infección. Por esta razón, hacerse la prueba de detección de la hepatitis C es importante, incluso si no tiene síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la hepatitis C?</h3> <p>Sin tratamiento, la hepatitis C puede provocar cirrosis, insuficiencia hepática y cáncer de hígado. El diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento de la hepatitis C pueden prevenirlas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la hepatitis C?</h3> <p>Los profesionales de la salud diagnostican la hepatitis C según su historia clínica, un examen físico y análisis de sangre.</p> <p>Si tiene hepatitis C, es posible que necesite pruebas adicionales para ver si tiene daño hepático. Estas pruebas pueden incluir otros análisis de sangre, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ecografía</a> del hígado y una biopsia de hígado.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hepatitis C?</h3> <p>La hepatitis C se trata con medicamentos antivirales, los que pueden curar la enfermedad en la mayoría de los casos. Si tiene hepatitis C aguda, su profesional de la salud puede esperar a ver si su infección se vuelve crónica antes de comenzar el tratamiento.</p> <p>Si su hepatitis C causa cirrosis, debe consultar a un médico especializado en enfermedades hepáticas. Los tratamientos para problemas de salud relacionados con la cirrosis incluyen medicamentos, cirugía y otros procedimientos médicos. Si su hepatitis C provoca insuficiencia hepática o cáncer de hígado, es posible que necesite un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html">trasplante de hígado</a>.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la hepatitis C?</h3> <p>No existe una vacuna para la hepatitis C. Pero puede ayudar a prevenir la infección de hepatitis C si:</p> <ul> <li>No comparte agujas ni otros materiales de drogas</li> <li>Usa guantes si tiene que tocar la sangre de otra persona o heridas abiertas</li> <li>Se asegura que su tatuador o perforador del cuerpo use herramientas estériles y tinta nueva</li> <li>No comparte artículos personales como cepillos de dientes, maquinillas de afeitar o cortaúñas </li> <li>Usa un condón de látex cuando tiene relaciones sexuales. Si usted o su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al látex</a>, puede usar condones de poliuretano </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Infecciones Hepatitis C Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades del hígado Hepatitis Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Trasplante de hígado Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Botanicals Phytotherapy <p>An herb is a plant or plant part used for its scent, flavor, or therapeutic properties. Herbal medicines are one type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html">dietary supplement</a>. They are sold as tablets, capsules, powders, teas, extracts, and fresh or dried plants. People use herbal medicines to try to maintain or improve their health.</p> <p>Many people believe that products labeled "natural" are always safe and good for them. This is not necessarily true. Herbal medicines do not have to go through the testing that drugs do. Some herbs, such as comfrey and ephedra, can cause serious harm. Some herbs can interact with prescription or over-the-counter medicines.</p> <p>If you are thinking about using an herbal medicine, first get information on it from reliable sources. Make sure to tell your health care provider about any herbal medicines you are taking.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</p> Wellness and Lifestyle Complementary and Alternative Therapies Medicina herbaria Phytotherapy Spanish National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Cancer Alternative Therapies Complementary and Integrative Medicine Dietary Supplements Botanicals Medicinal Herbs Phytotherapy Teas, Herbal Teas, Medicinal Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Johns Hopkins Medicine Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here National Library of Medicine Women National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Journal Articles Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Lesiones <p>Una lesión es un daño que ocurre en el cuerpo. Es un término general que se refiere al daño causado por accidentes, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">caídas</a>, golpes, quemaduras, armas y otras causas. En los Estados Unidos, todos los años millones de personas sufren de lesiones. Estas lesiones pueden ser menores o severas y poner en peligro la vida. Pueden ocurrir en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealth.html">trabajo</a> o en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">juego</a>, en espacios interiores o exteriores, al conducir un vehículo o al caminar por la calle. </p> <p>Las heridas son lesiones que rompen la piel u otros tejidos del cuerpo. Incluyen cortaduras, arañazos y picaduras en la piel. Suelen ocurrir como resultado de un accidente pero las incisiones quirúrgicas, las suturas y los puntos también causan heridas. Las heridas menores no suelen ser serias, pero es importante limpiarlas bien. </p> <p>Las heridas serias e infectadas necesitan atención médica de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firstaid.html">primeros auxilios</a> y visitas al doctor más adelante. Debe buscar atención médica si la herida es profunda, si no puede cerrarse por sí sola, si no puede detener la hemorragia o limpiarla o si no se cura. </p> <p>Las lesiones más comunes incluyen:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html">Mordeduras de animales</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html">Moretones</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html">Quemaduras</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html">Dislocaciones</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/electricalinjuries.html">Lesiones por electricidad</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">Fracturas</a> (huesos rotos)</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">Torceduras y distensiones</a> </li> </ul> Piel, cabello y uñas Lesiones y heridas Asuntos de seguridad Wounds and Injuries Cicatriz Cirugía Moretones Cortes Laceraciones Lastimaduras Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Enterocele <p>A hernia happens when part of an internal organ or tissue bulges through a weak area of muscle. Most hernias are in the abdomen.</p> <p>There are several types of hernias, including:</p><ul> <li> Inguinal, in the groin. This is the the most common type.</li> <li> Umbilical, around the belly button</li> <li> Incisional, through a scar</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiatalhernia.html">Hiatal</a>, a small opening in the diaphragm that allows the upper part of the stomach to move up into the chest.</li> <li> Congenital diaphragmatic, a birth defect that needs surgery</li> </ul> <p>Hernias are common. They can affect men, women, and children. A combination of muscle weakness and straining, such as with heavy lifting, might contribute. Some people are born with weak abdominal muscles and may be more likely to get a hernia.</p> <p>Treatment is usually surgery to repair the opening in the muscle wall. Untreated hernias can cause pain and health problems.</p> Digestive System Hernia Hernia Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases GERD Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Diaphragmatic Hernia Enterocele Inguinal Hernia Umbilical Hernia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Symptoms National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Start Here Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Related Issues American Osteopathic Association Children Nemours Foundation Video Children Nemours Foundation Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons <p>Las hernias se presentan cuando una parte de un órgano interno o tejido sobresale a través de un área muscular débil. La mayoría de las hernias ocurren en el abdomen. </p> <p>Existen varios tipos de hernias, entre ellos:</p><ul> <li>Inguinal, en la ingle. Es la más común </li> <li> Umbilical, alrededor del ombligo </li> <li> Incisional, a través de una cicatriz </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiatalhernia.html">Hiatal</a>, una pequeña abertura en el diafragma que permite que la parte superior del estómago se desplace hacia el pecho </li> <li>Diafragmática congénita, un defecto de nacimiento que necesita cirugía</li> </ul> <p>Las hernias son comunes. Pueden afectar a hombres, mujeres y niños. La combinación de debilidad y esfuerzo, como levantar cosas pesadas, puede contribuir a su aparición. Algunas personas nacen con músculos abdominales débiles y tienen más probabilidades de herniarse. </p> <p>El tratamiento consiste habitualmente en cirugía para reparar la apertura en la pared muscular. Las hernias no tratadas pueden causar dolor y problemas de salud. </p> Sistema digestivo Hernia Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Reflujo gastroesofágico Hernia inguinal Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Gastrointestinales Endoscópicos Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Video Hernia discal <p>La columna vertebral está formada por 26 huesos llamados vértebras. Entre éstas, hay discos blandos rellenos de una sustancia gelatinosa. Estos discos amortiguan (actúan como un cojín) a las vértebras y las mantienen en su lugar. A medida que envejecemos, estos discos pueden perder su capacidad de amortiguación. Esto puede causar dolor si se hace presión sobre la espalda. </p> <p>Una hernia de disco es un disco que se rompe. Cuando esto sucede, la sustancia gelatinosa se escapa e irrita los nervios de alrededor. Esto puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sciatica.html">ciática</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html">dolor de espalda</a>. </p> <p>Su doctor puede diagnosticar un disco herniado con un examen físico y, a veces, con diagnósticos por imagen. Con tratamiento, la mayoría de las personas se recupera. Los tratamientos incluyen reposo, analgésicos y antiinflamatorios, fisioterapia y, algunas veces, cirugía. </p> <p class=""> NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Herniated Disk Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Dolor de espalda Disco dislocado Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Estadounidense de la Columna Vertebral PDF Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Hernia hiatal <p>La hernia de hiato es una afección en la cual la parte superior del estómago se abulta a través de una abertura en el diafragma. El diafragma un músculo delgado que separa el estómago del tórax y ayuda a impedir que el ácido pase hacia el esófago. Cuando usted tiene una hernia hiatal, es más fácil que el ácido suba. El paso del ácido desde el estómago hacia el esófago se denomina reflujo gastroesofágico. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">reflujo gastroesofágico</a> puede causar síntomas como:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html">Acidez </a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">Problemas para tragar</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a> seca</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/badbreath.html">Mal aliento</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náusea y/o vómitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a></li> <li>Daño en los dientes </li> </ul> <p>A menudo, se desconoce la causa de la hernia de hiato. Puede ser por la debilidad de los músculos que la rodean. A veces, la causa es una lesión o un defecto congénito. El riesgo de tener este problema aumenta con la edad y son comunes en mayores de 50 años. También está en mayor riesgo si tiene obesidad o fuma. </p> <p>Las personas descubren que tienen hernia de hiato tras hacerse pruebas por reflujo gastroesofágico, acidez estomacal, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">dolor de pecho</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">abdominal</a>. Los exámenes pueden ser una radiografía de pecho, radiografía con contraste de bario o una endoscopía superior.</p> <p>Si no tiene síntomas, no necesita tratamiento. Si los tiene, algunos cambios del estilo de vida pueden ayudar. Estos incluyen comer porciones pequeñas, evitar algunos alimentos, no fumar ni beber alcohol y perder peso. El médico puede recomendarle antiácidos u otras medicinas. Si eso no le ayuda, es posible que necesite una cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Hiatal Hernia Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Hernia Reflujo gastroesofágico Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Bulging disk Compressed disk Herniated intervertebral disk Herniated nucleus pulposus Prolapsed disk Ruptured disk Slipped disk <p>Your backbone, or spine, is made up of 26 bones called vertebrae. In between them are soft disks filled with a jelly-like substance. These disks cushion the vertebrae and keep them in place. As you age, the disks break down or degenerate. As they do, they lose their cushioning ability. This can lead to pain if the back is stressed.</p> <p>A herniated disk is a disk that ruptures. This allows the jelly-like center of the disk to leak, irritating the nearby nerves. This can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sciatica.html">sciatica</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html">back pain</a>.</p> <p>Your doctor will diagnose a herniated disk with a physical exam and, sometimes, imaging tests. With treatment, most people recover. Treatments include rest, pain and anti-inflammatory medicines, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Hernia de disco Intervertebral Disc Displacement Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Back Pain Ruptured Disk Slipped Disk Treatments and Therapies North American Spine Society Related Issues American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Related Issues American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk North American Spine Society Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics North American Spine Society Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons PDF Specifics North American Spine Society Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Treatments and Therapies North American Spine Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests North American Spine Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies North American Spine Society Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Big H Black tar H Horse Junk Smack TNT Thunder <h3>What is heroin?</h3> <p>Heroin is an illegal, very addictive <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioid drug</a>. It's made from morphine, which comes from the seedpod of opium poppy plants. These plants grow in Southeast and Southwest Asia, Mexico, and Colombia. Heroin can be a white or brown powder, or a black sticky substance known as black tar heroin.</p> <h3>How do people use heroin?</h3> <p>People inject, sniff, snort, or smoke heroin. Some people mix heroin with crack <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cocaine.html">cocaine</a>, which is called "speedballing." All these ways of taking heroin send it to the brain very quickly, which makes it highly addictive.</p> <h3>What are the short-term effects of heroin?</h3> <p>People who use heroin report feeling a "rush" (a surge of pleasure). And then they may feel other effects, such as a warm flushing of the skin, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html">dry mouth</a>, and a heavy feeling in the arms and legs. They may also have severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/itching.html">itching</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea, and vomiting</a>. After these first effects, they will usually be drowsy for several hours, and their breathing will slow down.</p> <h3>What are the long-term effects of heroin?</h3> <p>People who use heroin over the long term may develop many different health problems. These problems could include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">lung</a> disease, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental disorders</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html">abscesses</a>.</p> <p>People who inject the drug also risk getting infectious diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html">hepatitis</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacterial infections</a> of the skin, bloodstream, and heart (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html">endocarditis</a>). They can also get collapsed veins. When a vein collapses, the blood cannot flow through it.</p> <p>Repeated use of heroin can lead to tolerance. This means users need more and more of the drug to have the same effect. At higher doses over time, the body becomes dependent on heroin. If someone who is dependent on heroin stops using it, they have withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms can include restlessness, muscle and bone pain, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>, vomiting, and cold flashes with goose bumps.</p> <p>Repeated use of heroin often leads to heroin use disorder, sometimes called addiction. This is more than physical dependence. It's a chronic (long-lasting) brain disorder. When someone has it, they continue to use heroin even though it causes problems in their life. Some examples include health problems and not being able to meet responsibilities at work, school, or home. Getting and using heroin becomes their main purpose in life.</p> <h3>Can a person overdose on heroin?</h3> <p>It's possible to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html">overdose</a> on heroin. This happens when a person uses so much heroin that it causes a life-threatening reaction or death. All heroin users are at risk of an overdose because they never know the actual strength of the drug they are taking or what may have been added to it. And people often use heroin along with other drugs or alcohol. This can increase the risk of an overdose.</p> <p>When people overdose on heroin, their heart rate and breathing slow down. Their breathing may slow do so much that not enough oxygen reaches the brain. This condition is called hypoxia. Hypoxia can lead to a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html">coma</a>, permanent brain damage, or death.</p> <h3>How can a heroin overdose be treated?</h3> <p>A medicine called naloxone can treat a heroin (or other opioid) overdose if it is given in time. It works by blocking the effects of the opioid on the body. Sometimes more than one dose of the medicine is needed.</p> <p>There are two forms of naloxone that anyone can use without medical training: nasal spray and injectable. People at risk of an overdose are encouraged to carry naloxone with them. They can buy naloxone at a pharmacy.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for heroin use disorder?</h3> <p>Treatments for heroin use disorder include medicines to treat withdrawal symptoms, medicine to block the effects of opioids, and behavioral treatments. Often, a combination of medicine and behavioral treatment works best. People getting treatment for heroin use disorder should work with their health care providers to come up with a treatment plan that fits their needs.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse</p> Substance Use and Disorders Heroína Heroin Dependence Spanish National Institute on Drug Abuse Drug Use and Addiction Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Opiates Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Drug Enforcement Administration Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Start Here Drug Enforcement Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Drug Enforcement Administration Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Women National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert Partnership to End Addiction Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Dama blanca Goma Lenguazo Pasta Polvo blanco <h3>¿Qué es la heroína?</h3> <p>La heroína es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">droga opioide</a> ilegal y muy adictiva. Está hecha de morfina, que proviene de la vaina de las plantas de adormidera (amapola). Estas plantas crecen en el sudeste y suroeste de Asia, México y Colombia. La heroína puede ser un polvo blanco o marrón, o una sustancia negra y pegajosa conocida como "heroína de alquitrán negro".</p> <h3>¿Cómo se consume la heroína?</h3> <p>La heroína se puede inyectar, inhalar, aspirar o fumar. Algunas personas mezclan heroína con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cocaine.html">cocaína</a> crack, lo que se conoce como "bola rápida" o "speedballing" en inglés. Todas estas formas de consumir heroína la envían al cerebro muy rápidamente, lo que la hace altamente adictiva.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos a corto plazo de la heroína?</h3> <p>Las personas que consumen heroína afirman sentir un "subidón" (una oleada de placer). Luego pueden sentir otros efectos, como enrojecimiento cálido de la piel, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html">boca seca</a> y sensación de pesadez en brazos y piernas. También pueden tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html">picazón</a> intensa y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">náuseas y vómitos</a>. Tras estos primeros efectos, normalmente estarán somnolientos durante varias horas y su respiración se hará más lenta.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos a largo plazo de la heroína?</h3> <p>Las personas que consumen heroína a largo plazo pueden desarrollar muchos problemas de salud diferentes. Estos problemas podrían incluir enfermedades del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hígado</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">renales</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">pulmonares</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">trastornos mentales</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html">abscesos</a>.</p> <p>Las personas que se inyectan la droga también corren el riesgo de contraer enfermedades infecciosas como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html">hepatitis</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">infecciones bacterianas</a> de la piel, el torrente sanguíneo y el corazón (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html">endocarditis</a>). También pueden tener venas colapsadas. Cuando una vena colapsa, la sangre no puede fluir a través de ella.</p> <p>El consumo repetido de heroína puede causar tolerancia. Esto significa que el consumidor necesita cada vez más droga para tener el mismo efecto. Con el tiempo y en dosis más altas, el cuerpo se vuelve dependiente de la heroína. Si una persona que depende de la heroína deja de consumirla, tiene síntomas de abstinencia. Estos síntomas pueden incluir agitación, dolor muscular y de huesos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a>, vómitos y escalofríos con "piel de gallina".</p> <p>A menudo, el consumo repetido de heroína provoca trastorno por consumo de heroína (llamado en ocasiones adicción). Esto es más que dependencia física. Es un trastorno cerebral crónico (de larga duración). Cuando una persona la tiene, continúa consumiendo heroína, aunque le cause problemas en su vida. Algunos ejemplos incluyen problemas de salud y no poder cumplir con las responsabilidades en el trabajo, la escuela o el hogar. Conseguir y consumir heroína se convierte en su principal objetivo en la vida.</p> <h3>¿Puede una persona sufrir una sobredosis de heroína?</h3> <p>Es posible sufrir una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidoverdose.html">sobredosis</a> de heroína. Esto ocurre cuando una persona consume tanta heroína que provoca una reacción potencialmente mortal o la muerte. Todos los consumidores de heroína corren el riesgo de sufrir una sobredosis porque no conocen la potencia real de la droga que están consumiendo o qué se le puede haber agregado. Además, las personas suelen consumir heroína junto con otras drogas o alcohol. Esto puede aumentar el riesgo de una sobredosis.</p> <p>Cuando las personas sufren una sobredosis de heroína, su ritmo cardíaco y su respiración disminuyen. Su respiración puede hacerse tan lenta que no llega suficiente oxígeno al cerebro. Esta afección se conoce como hipoxia. La hipoxia puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html">coma</a>, daño cerebral permanente o la muerte.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se puede tratar una sobredosis de heroína?</h3> <p>Un medicamento llamado naloxona puede tratar una sobredosis de heroína (u otro opioide) si se administra a tiempo. Actúa bloqueando los efectos del opioide en el cuerpo. En ocasiones, se necesita más de una dosis del medicamento.</p> <p>Hay dos formas de naloxona que cualquiera puede usar sin formación médica, aerosol nasal e inyectable. Se recomienda a las personas con riesgo de sufrir una sobredosis que lleven consigo naloxona. Pueden comprar naloxona en una farmacia.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno por consumo de heroína?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para el trastorno por consumo de heroína incluyen medicamentos para tratar los síntomas de abstinencia, medicamentos para bloquear los efectos de los opioides y tratamientos conductuales. A menudo, una combinación de medicamentos y terapia conductual funciona mejor. Las personas que reciben tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de heroína deben trabajar con sus profesionales de la salud para elaborar un plan de tratamiento que se ajuste a sus necesidades.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas </p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Heroin Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Consumo de drogas y la adicción Abuso de heroína Opio Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH <p>El herpes genital es una <a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144">infección de transmisión sexual (ITS)</a> causada por el virus del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html">herpes simple</a>. Puede causar llagas en el área genital o rectal, nalgas y muslos. Puede contagiarse al tener relaciones sexuales vaginales, anales u orales con alguien que lo tenga. El virus puede contagiarse aún cuando las llagas no están presentes. Las madres pueden infectar a sus bebés durante el parto. </p> <p>A los síntomas se les llaman comúnmente brotes. En general, las llagas aparecen usualmente cerca del área donde el virus ingresó al cuerpo. Las llagas son ampollas que se rompen y se vuelven dolorosas, para luego sanar. A veces, las personas no saben que tienen herpes porque no presentan síntomas o éstos son muy leves. El virus puede ser más grave en recién nacidos o en personas con un sistema inmunitario debilitado. </p> <p>La repetición de los brotes es común, en especial durante el primer año. Con el tiempo los síntomas aparecen con menor frecuencia y son más leves. El virus permanece en su cuerpo para siempre. </p> <p>Existen exámenes que pueden diagnosticar el herpes genital. No existe cura. Sin embargo, las medicinas pueden ayudar a disminuir los síntomas, reducir los brotes y bajar el riesgo de contagio a otras personas. El uso correcto de condones de látex puede reducir, pero no eliminar, el riesgo de contraer o contagiar el herpes. Si su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al látex</a>, puede ayudar usar un condón de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral. </p> Infecciones Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor femenino Sistema reproductor masculino Genital Herpes Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Herpes simple Infecciones de transmisión sexual Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Herpes febril Herpes simple oral <p>El herpes labial es causado por un virus muy contagioso llamado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html">herpes simple (VHS)</a>. Existen dos tipos de VHS. El tipo 1 en general causa herpes oral o labial. Este infecta a más de la mitad de la población de los EE. UU. para cuando llega a los 20 años. El tipo 2 en general afecta el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalherpes.html">área genital</a>. </p> <p>Algunas personas no tienen síntomas de la infección. Sin embargo, otras desarrollan llagas dolorosas y desagradables. El herpes labial suele aparecer fuera de la boca o en los labios o alrededor. Cuando están dentro de la boca, en general es en las encías o en el paladar. No son lo mismo que las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cankersores.html">aftas bucales</a>, que no son contagiosas.</p> <p>No existe una cura para el herpes labial. Por lo general desaparece por sí solo en un par de semanas. Los medicamentos antivirales pueden ayudar a que sane más rápido. También pueden ayudar a prevenir su aparición en personas con brotes frecuentes. Otras medicinas pueden ayudar con el dolor y la molestia que causan. Estos incluyen ungüentos que adormecen las llagas, ablandan las costras o que las secan. Proteger tus labios con bloqueador solar también puede ayudar.</p> Infecciones Salud oral y dental Cold Sores Enfermedades de la boca Herpes simple Labios, Herpes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>El herpes es una infección causada por un virus herpes simple (VHS). El herpes bucal provoca <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldsores.html">llagas</a> alrededor de la boca o en el rostro. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalherpes.html">herpes genital</a> es una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS). Puede afectar los genitales, las nalgas o el área del ano. Otras infecciones por herpes pueden afectar los ojos, la piel u otras partes del cuerpo. El virus puede ser peligroso en recién nacidos o en personas con sistemas inmunes debilitados.</p> <p> Existen dos tipos de herpes simple:</p> <ul> <li>El herpes simple tipo 1 frecuentemente causa llagas labiales. También puede causar herpes genital.</li> <li>El herpes simple tipo 2 frecuentemente es el que causa el herpes genital, pero también puede afectar la boca.</li> </ul> <p>El herpes simple se contagia por contacto directo. Algunas personas no tienen síntomas. Otras presentan llagas cerca del área por la cual penetró el virus al cuerpo. Éstas se convierten en ampollas que causan picazón y dolor y posteriormente se curan. </p> <p>La mayoría de las personas tiene brotes varias veces al año. Con el transcurso del tiempo, los brotes se hacen menos frecuentes. Los medicamentos que ayudan al cuerpo a combatir el virus pueden ayudar a mejorar los síntomas y disminuir los brotes. </p> Infecciones Salud oral y dental Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor femenino Sistema reproductor masculino Herpes Simplex Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Culebrilla (herpes zóster) Herpes genital Herpes labial Infecciones de transmisión sexual Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología HSV <p>Herpes is an infection that is caused by a herpes simplex virus (HSV). Oral herpes causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldsores.html">cold sores</a> around the mouth or face. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html">Genital herpes</a> affects the genitals, buttocks or anal area. Genital herpes is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infection</a> (STI). It affects the genitals, buttocks or anal area. Other herpes infections can affect the eyes, skin, or other parts of the body. The virus can be dangerous in newborn babies or in people with weak immune systems.</p> <p> There are two types of HSV:</p> <ul> <li>HSV type 1 most commonly causes cold sores. It can also cause genital herpes.</li> <li>HSV type 2 is the usual cause of genital herpes, but it also can infect the mouth.</li> </ul> <p>HSV spreads through direct contact. Some people have no symptoms. Others get sores near the area where the virus has entered the body. They turn into blisters, become itchy and painful, and then heal.</p> <p>Most people have outbreaks several times a year. Over time, you get them less often. Medicines to help your body fight the virus can help lessen symptoms and decrease outbreaks.</p> Infections Mouth and Teeth Sexual Health Issues Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Herpes simple Herpes Simplex Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Cold Sores Genital Herpes Sexually Transmitted Infections Shingles Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Children VisualDX Children VisualDX Start Here American Academy of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology <p>A hiatal hernia is a condition in which the upper part of your stomach bulges through an opening in your diaphragm. Your diaphragm is the thin muscle that separates your chest from your abdomen. Your diaphragm helps keep acid from coming up into your esophagus. When you have a hiatal hernia, it's easier for the acid to come up. This leaking of acid from your stomach into your esophagus is called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">GERD</a> (gastroesophageal reflux disease). GERD may cause symptoms such as :</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html">Heartburn</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">Problems swallowing</a></li> <li>A dry <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">cough</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html">Bad breath</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and/or vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Breathing problems</a></li> <li>The wearing away of your teeth</li> </ul> <p>Often, the cause of a hiatal hernia is unknown. It may have to do with weakness in the surrounding muscles. Sometimes the cause is an injury or a birth defect. Your risk of getting a hiatal hernia goes up as you age; they are common in people over age 50. You are also at higher risk if you have obesity or smoke.</p> <p>People usually find out that they have a hiatal hernia when they are getting tests for GERD, heartburn, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">chest pain</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">abdominal pain</a>. The tests may be a chest x-ray, an x-ray with a barium swallow, or an upper endoscopy.</p> <p>You don't need treatment if your hiatal hernia does not cause any symptoms or problems. If you do have symptoms, some lifestyle changes may help. They include eating small meals, avoiding certain foods, not smoking or drinking alcohol, and losing weight. Your health care provider may recommend antacids or other medicines. If these don't help, you may need surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Hernia de hiato Hernia, Hiatal Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More American College of Gastroenterology Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Learn More Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Hiccough <h3> What are hiccups?</h3> <p>Have you ever wondered what is happening when you hiccup? There are two parts to a hiccup. The first is an involuntary movement of your diaphragm. The diaphragm is a muscle at the base of your lungs. It is the main muscle used for breathing. The second part of a hiccup is a quick closing of your vocal cords. This is what causes the "hic" sound you make.</p> <h3>What causes hiccups?</h3> <p>Hiccups can start and stop for no obvious reason. But they often happen when something irritates your diaphragm, such as:</p><ul> <li>Eating too quickly</li> <li>Eating too much</li> <li>Eating hot or spicy foods</li> <li>Drinking alcohol</li> <li>Drinking carbonated drinks</li> <li>Diseases that irritate the nerves that control the diaphragm</li> <li>Feeling nervous or excited</li> <li>A bloated stomach</li> <li>Certain medicines</li> <li>Abdominal surgery</li> <li>Metabolic disorders</li> <li>Central nervous system disorders</li> </ul> <h3>How can I get rid of hiccups?</h3> <p>Hiccups usually go away on their own after a few minutes. You have probably heard different suggestions about how to cure hiccups. There is no proof that they work, but they are not harmful, so you could try them. They include:</p><ul> <li>Breathing into a paper bag</li> <li>Drinking or sipping a glass of cold water</li> <li>Holding your breath</li> <li>Gargling with ice water</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for chronic hiccups?</h3> <p>Some people have chronic hiccups. This means that the hiccups last more than a few days or keep coming back. Chronic hiccups can interfere with your sleep, eating, drinking, and talking. If you have chronic hiccups, contact your health care provider. If you have a condition that is causing the hiccups, treating that condition may help. Otherwise, treatment options include medicines, surgery, and other procedures.</p> Digestive System Hipo Hiccup Spanish Singultus Learn More Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Merck & Co., Inc. Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Learn More Nemours Foundation Acne inversa Suppurative hidradenitis <h3>What is hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?</h3> <p>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease. Another name for it is acne inversa. It causes painful, boil-like lumps that form under the skin. It often affects areas where the skin rubs together, such as your armpits and groin. The lumps become inflamed and painful. They often break open, causing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html">abscesses</a> that drain fluid and pus. As the abscesses heal, they can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scars.html">scarring</a> of the skin.</p> <h3>What causes hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?</h3> <p>The lumps in HS form because of blockages of the hair follicles. The blocked hair follicles trap bacteria, which leads to inflammation and rupture. In most cases, the cause of the blockages is unknown. Genetics, environment, and hormonal factors may play a role. Some cases of HS are caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hidradenitis-suppurativa/">changes in certain genes</a>.</p> <p>HS is not caused by bad hygiene, and it cannot be spread to others.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to get hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?</h3> <p>HS usually starts after puberty, usually in the teens or twenties. It is more common in:</p><ul> <li>Women</li> <li>People who are Black</li> <li>People with a family history of HS</li> <li>People who are overweight or have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li>People who <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">smoke</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)?</h3> <p>The symptoms of HS include:</p><ul> <li>Small pitted areas of skin containing blackheads</li> <li>Painful, red, lumps that get bigger and break open. This causes abscesses that drain fluid and pus. They may itch and have an unpleasant odor.</li> <li>The abscesses heal very slowly, recur over time, and can lead to scarring and tunnels under the skin.</li> </ul> <p>HS can be mild, moderate, or severe:</p><ul> <li>In mild HS, there are only one or a few lumps in one area of the skin. A mild case will often get worse, becoming a moderate disease.</li> <li>Moderate HS includes recurrences of the lumps that get bigger and break open. The lumps form in more than one area of the body.</li> <li>With severe HS, there are widespread lumps, scarring, and chronic pain that may make it hard to move.</li> </ul> <p>Because of the difficulty of dealing with the disease, people with HS are at risk for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>.</p> <h3>How is hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no specific test for HS. It can be hard to diagnose in the early stages because it can look like pimples or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html">acne</a>. To make a diagnosis, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li> Will ask about your medical history and your symptoms</li> <li>Will look at the lumps on your skin</li> <li>May take a sample of the skin or pus (if there is any) and send it to a lab to be tested</li> </ul> <p>Your provider may refer you to a dermatologist (skin doctor) to get a diagnosis or treatment.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for hidradenitis suppurativa?</h3> <p>There is no cure for HS. Treatments focus on the symptoms, but they are not always effective for everyone. The treatments depend on how severe the disease is and may include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Medicines</strong>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">steroids</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a>, and medicines that flight inflammation. In mild cases, the medicines may be topical (applied to your skin). Otherwise, the medicines may be injected or taken orally (by mouth).</li> <li><strong>Procedures or surgery</strong> to remove the lumps and scars or make the sores go away.</li> </ul> <p>It may also help if you can avoid things that can irritate your skin, by:</p><ul> <li>Wearing loose-fitting clothing</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Staying at a healthy weight</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">Quitting smoking</a></li> <li>Avoiding heat and humidity</li> <li>Being careful not to injure your skin</li> </ul> Skin, Hair and Nails Hidradenitis supurativa Hidradenitis Suppurativa Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Sweat Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Images VisualDX Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers VisualDX Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Hidradenitis supurada Hidrosadenitis supurativa <h3>¿Qué es la hidradenitis supurativa?</h3> <p>La hidradenitis supurativa es una enfermedad crónica de la piel. También se conoce como acné inversa. Causa protuberancias dolorosas, parecidas al acné, que se forman debajo de la piel. A menudo afecta áreas donde la piel se frota, como las axilas y la ingle. Las protuberancias se inflaman y duelen. A menudo se abren, causando abscesos que drenan el líquido y el pus. A medida que los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html">abscesos</a> sanan, pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scars.html">cicatrices</a> en la piel.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la causa de la hidradenitis supurativa?</h3> <p>Las protuberancias de la hidradenitis supurativa se forman porque los folículos pilosos se tapan, lo que atrapa las bacterias, provocando inflamación y su ruptura. En la mayoría de los casos, se desconoce la causa de los bloqueos. La genética, el medio ambiente y los factores hormonales pueden desempeñar un papel. Algunos casos de hidradenitis supurativa son causados por cambios en ciertos genes.</p> <p>Esta afección no es causada por una mala higiene, y no se puede transmitir a otros.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener hidradenitis supurativa?</h3> <p>En general, la hidradenitis supurativa comienza después de la pubertad, usualmente en la adolescencia o en la veintena de años. Es más común en:</p> <ul> <li>Mujeres</li> <li>Personas que son afrodescendientes</li> <li>Personas con antecedentes familiares de la afección </li> <li>Personas con sobrepeso u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Personas que <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">fuman</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hidradenitis supurativa?</h3> <p>Los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Pequeñas áreas de piel que contienen puntos negros</li> <li>Bultos dolorosos, rojos, que se agrandan y se abren. Esto causa abscesos que drenan líquido y pus. Pueden picar y tener un olor desagradable</li> <li>Los abscesos sanan muy lentamente, vuelven con el tiempo y pueden provocar cicatrices y túneles debajo de la piel</li> </ul> <p>La hidradenitis supurativa puede ser leve, moderada o severa:</p> <ul> <li>En casos leves, solo hay uno o algunos bultos en un área de la piel. A menudo, un caso leve empeorará y se convertirá en una enfermedad moderada</li> <li>La hidradenitis supurativa moderada incluye recurrencias de las protuberancias que se agrandan y se rompen. Estas se forman en más de un área del cuerpo</li> <li>En casos graves, hay protuberancias generalizadas, cicatrices y dolor crónico que pueden dificultar el movimiento</li> </ul> <p>Debido a la dificultad de lidiar con la enfermedad, las personas con la afección tienen un mayor riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la hidradenitis supurativa?</h3> <p>No existe una prueba específica para la hidradenitis supurativa. Puede ser difícil de diagnosticar en las primeras etapas porque se asemeja a granos o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html">acné</a>. Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntará sobre su historia clínica y sus síntomas</li> <li>Observará los bultos en su piel</li> <li>Puede tomar una muestra de piel o pus (si hay) y enviarla a un laboratorio para su análisis</li> </ul> <p>Su proveedor puede referirlo a un dermatólogo (especialista de la piel) para obtener un diagnóstico o tratamiento.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hidradenitis supurativa?</h3> <p>No hay cura para la hidradenitis supurativa. Los tratamientos se centran en los síntomas, pero no siempre son efectivos para todos. Los tratamientos dependen de la gravedad de la enfermedad y pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> y medicamentos que evitan la inflamación. En casos leves, los medicamentos pueden ser tópicos (se aplican en la piel). De lo contrario, los medicamentos pueden inyectarse o tomarse por vía oral (por la boca)</li> <li><strong>Procedimientos o cirugía</strong> para eliminar los bultos y cicatrices o hacer que las llagas desaparezcan</li> </ul> <p>También puede ayudar si puede evitar cosas que pueden irritar su piel, como:</p> <ul> <li>Usar ropa holgada</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">Mantenerse en un peso saludable</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">Dejar de fumar</a></li> <li>Evitar el calor y la humedad</li> <li>Tratar de no dañar su piel</li> </ul> Piel, cabello y uñas Hidradenitis Suppurativa Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Agua en el cerebro <p>La hidrocefalia es la acumulación de una cantidad excesiva de líquido cefalorraquídeo en el cerebro. Normalmente, este fluido protege y amortigua el cerebro. Sin embargo, demasiado líquido ejerce una presión dañina para el cerebro. </p> <p>La hidrocefalia puede ser congénita, que se presenta al nacer. Sus causas incluyen problemas genéticos y problemas que se desarrollan en el feto durante el embarazo. El principal signo de la hidrocefalia congénita es una cabeza con un tamaño fuera de lo normal. </p> <p>La hidrocefalia también puede presentarse después de nacer. Esto se llama hidrocefalia adquirida. Puede ocurrir a cualquier edad. Las causas pueden incluir traumatismos en la cabeza, derrames cerebrales, infecciones, tumores y hemorragia cerebral. </p> <p>Los síntomas de la hidrocefalia pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li> Dolor de cabeza</li> <li> Vómitos y náusea</li> <li> Visión borrosa </li> <li> Problemas de equilibrio </li> <li> Problemas para controlar la vejiga </li> <li> Problemas con el pensamiento y la memoria </li> </ul> <p>La hidrocefalia puede causar daños permanentes en el cerebro y provocar problemas con el desarrollo físico y mental. Cuando no se trata, suele ser mortal. Con tratamiento, muchas personas llevan una vida normal, con ciertas limitaciones. El tratamiento suele incluir una cirugía para implantar una derivación. Una derivación es un tubo flexible pero robusto. Este desvía el flujo del líquido cefalorraquídeo a otra zona del cuerpo donde pueda ser absorbido. Las medicinas y la rehabilitación también pueden ayudar. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Hydrocephalus Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Malformaciones de Chiari Malformaciones del cerebro Agua en el cerebro Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación de Hidrocefalia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación de Espina Bífida PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>Si usted pasa mucho tiempo al aire libre, es probable que se haya encontrado con hiedras, robles o zumaques venenosos en alguna oportunidad. La mayoría de las personas son sensibles a la savia aceitosa de estas plantas. La savia se encuentra en la raíz, los tallos, las hojas y los frutos de estas plantas. Si le toca la piel, causa una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">erupción cutánea</a> con ampollas. La erupción puede variar de leve a grave, dependiendo de la cantidad de savia que toque la piel y de la sensibilidad de cada persona. También pueden ocurrir problemas si las plantas se queman. El hollín cubierto por savia que vuela en el aire puede penetrar en los ojos, la nariz, la garganta y el sistema respiratorio. </p> <p>La mejor manera para evitar la erupción cutánea es aprender a identificar las plantas y mantenerse alejado de ellas. Si toca alguna de estas plantas, lávese la piel y la ropa inmediatamente. Si aparece una erupción, solicite en la farmacia medicinas a la venta sin receta médica. En los casos de erupciones graves, consulte a un médico. </p> <p class="">Servicio de Parques Nacionales</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Sarpullido Roble venenoso Sumaque Zumaque Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría <h3>¿Qué es el hierro?</h3> <p>El hierro es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">mineral</a> que el cuerpo necesita para su crecimiento y desarrollo. Su cuerpo usa hierro para producir hemoglobina, una proteína en los glóbulos rojos. La hemoglobina transporta oxígeno desde los pulmones a todas las partes del cuerpo. El hierro también es importante para la salud de los músculos, la médula ósea y el funcionamiento de los órganos. Su cuerpo también lo necesita para producir algunas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonas</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se obtiene el hierro?</h3> <p>El hierro se encuentra naturalmente en muchos alimentos y se agrega a algunos productos alimenticios enriquecidos. Los alimentos con alto contenido de hierro incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Carnes magras, mariscos y aves</li> <li>Panes y cereales para el desayuno fortificados con hierro</li> <li>Frijoles blancos, lentejas, espinacas, frijoles rojos ("kidney") y guisantes</li> <li>Nueces y algunas frutas secas, como pasas</li> </ul> <p>El hierro también se puede obtener en suplementos, ya sea solo o como parte de muchos multivitamínicos/minerales.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la falta de hierro?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas en los Estados Unidos obtiene suficiente hierro. La cantidad que necesita cada día depende de su edad, sexo y si consume una dieta principalmente basada en plantas.</p> <p>En ocasiones, las personas pueden tener problemas para obtener suficiente hierro. Esto puede tener muchas causas, incluyendo pérdida de sangre, una mala alimentación o un problema para absorber suficiente hierro de los alimentos. Quienes tienen más probabilidades de tener niveles bajos de hierro son aquellas personas que:</p> <ul> <li>Tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">menstruaciones</a> abundantes</li> <li>Están <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazadas</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html">amamantando</a></li> <li>Son bebés (especialmente si fueron <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html">prematuros</a> o con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html">bajo peso al nacer</a>)</li> <li>Son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">donantes de sangre</a> frecuentes</li> <li>Tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a>, ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html">enfermedades digestivas</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">insuficiencia cardíaca&lt;</a>/li&gt; </li><li>Requieren <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">diálisis renal</a></li> <li>Tienen problemas para absorber el hierro porque: <ul> <li>Tienen una afección digestiva como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html">enfermedad celíaca</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html">colitis ulcerosa</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html">enfermedad de Crohn </a>o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html">infección por Helicobacter pylori</a></li> <li>Tuvieron una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html">cirugía para bajar de peso</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué ocurre si no obtiene suficiente hierro?</h3> <p>Si tiene muy poco hierro, puede desarrollar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia</a> por deficiencia de hierro. Puede que al principio no cause síntomas, pero con el tiempo puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">fatiga</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">dificultad para respirar</a> y problemas con la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html">memoria</a> y la concentración.</p> <p>La anemia por deficiencia de hierro y los niveles bajos de hierro se suele tratar con suplementos de hierro.</p> <h3>¿Qué pasa si obtiene demasiado hierro?</h3> <p>Demasiado hierro puede dañar su cuerpo. Por ejemplo, si está sano y toma demasiados suplementos de hierro, puede tener síntomas como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">estreñimiento</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">náusea y vómitos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">dolor abdominal</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a>. Los niveles más altos de hierro pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html">úlceras</a>. Niveles extremadamente altos pueden provocar daño a los órganos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html">coma</a> y la muerte.</p> <p>Una enfermedad llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemochromatosis.html">hemocromatosis</a> puede provocar la acumulación de demasiado hierro en el cuerpo. La hemocromatosis se hereda (se transmite de padres a hijos). Por lo general, se trata extrayendo sangre (y hierro) del cuerpo de forma regular.</p> <p class="">National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</p> Alimentos y nutrición Iron Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Anemia Hemocromatosis Minerales en la dieta Talasemia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Benign essential hypertension Essential hypertension HBP HTN Hypertension <h3>What is blood pressure?</h3> <p>Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Each time your heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. Your blood pressure is highest when your heart beats, pumping the blood. This is called systolic pressure. When your heart is at rest, between beats, your blood pressure falls. This is called diastolic pressure.</p> <p>Your blood pressure reading uses these two numbers. Usually the systolic number comes before or above the diastolic number. For example, 120/80 means a systolic of 120 and a diastolic of 80.</p> <h3>How is high blood pressure diagnosed?</h3> <p>High blood pressure usually has no symptoms. So the only way to find out if you have it is to get regular blood pressure checks from your health care provider. Your provider will use a gauge, a stethoscope or electronic sensor, and a blood pressure cuff. They will take two or more readings at separate appointments before making a diagnosis.</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy and unhealthy blood pressure ranges" width="100%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:55%">Blood Pressure Category</th> <th scope="col" style="width:20%">Systolic Blood Pressure</th> <th scope="col" style="width:5%"></th> <th scope="col" style="width:20%">Diastolic Blood Pressure</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Normal</td> <td>Less than 120</td> <td><strong>and</strong></td> <td>Less than 80</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Elevated</td> <td>120 - 129</td> <td><strong>and</strong></td> <td>Less than 80</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>High Blood Pressure Stage 1</td> <td>130 - 139</td> <td><strong>or</strong></td> <td>80 - 89</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>High Blood Pressure Stage 2</td> <td>140 or higher</td> <td><strong>or</strong></td> <td>90 or higher</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Hypertensive Crisis (dangerously high blood pressure - seek medical care right away)</td> <td>Higher than 180</td> <td><strong>and</strong></td> <td>Higher than 120</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p>For children and teens, the health care provider compares the blood pressure reading to what is normal for other kids who are the same age, height, and sex.</p> <h3>What are the different types of high blood pressure?</h3> <p>There are two main types of high blood pressure: primary and secondary high blood pressure.:</p><ul> <li><strong>Primary,</strong> or essential, high blood pressure is the most common type of high blood pressure. For most people who get this kind of blood pressure, it develops over time as you get older.</li> <li><strong>Secondary</strong> high blood pressure is caused by another medical condition or use of certain medicines. It usually gets better after you treat that condition or stop taking the medicines that are causing it.</li> </ul> <h3>Why do I need to worry about high blood pressure?</h3> <p>When your blood pressure stays high over time, it causes the heart to pump harder and work overtime, possibly leading to serious health problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">heart failure</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html">kidney failure</a>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for high blood pressure?</h3> <p>Treatments for high blood pressure include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">heart-healthy lifestyle changes</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicines</a>.</p> <p>You will work with your provider to come up with a treatment plan. It may include only the lifestyle changes. These changes, such as heart-healthy eating and exercise, can be very effective. But sometimes the changes do not control or lower your high blood pressure. Then you may need to take medicine. There are different types of blood pressure medicines. Some people need to take more than one type.</p> <p>If your high blood pressure is caused by another medical condition or medicine, treating that condition or stopping the medicine may lower your blood pressure.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Older Adults Blood, Heart and Circulation Presión arterial alta Prehypertension Hypertension Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Blood Pressure Medicines DASH Eating Plan High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy How to Prevent High Blood Pressure Low Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Hypertension Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Heart Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Videos and Tutorials Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Video Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Living With National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Start Here Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Heart Association Video Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Related Issues American Heart Association Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Videos and Tutorials Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With American Heart Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here American Heart Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <h3>What is high blood pressure in pregnancy?</h3> <p>Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Your arteries are blood vessels that carry blood from your heart to other parts of your body. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a>, or hypertension, is blood pressure that is higher than normal. Having high blood pressure can put you at risk for other health problems, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">heart disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>.</p> <p>During pregnancy, high blood pressure can cause problems for you and your baby. To keep you and your baby healthy, it's important to get treatment for high blood pressure before, during, and after pregnancy.</p> <h3>What are the types of high blood pressure in pregnancy?</h3> <p>There are different types of high blood pressure in pregnancy:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Gestational hypertension</strong> is high blood pressure that you develop while you are pregnant. It starts after you are 20 weeks pregnant. You usually don't have any other symptoms. In many cases, it does not harm you or your baby, and it goes away within 12 weeks after childbirth. But it does raise your risk of high blood pressure in the future. If it becomes severe, it can lead to a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html">preterm birth</a> or your baby having a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">low birth weight</a>. Some women with gestational hypertension do go on to develop preeclampsia, a more serious type of high blood pressure in pregnancy.</li> <li><strong>Chronic hypertension</strong> is high blood pressure that starts before the 20th week of pregnancy or before you became pregnant. Some people may have had it long before becoming pregnant but didn't know it until they got their blood pressure checked at their <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">prenatal visit</a>. Sometimes chronic hypertension can also lead to preeclampsia.</li> <li><strong>Preeclampsia</strong> is a sudden increase in blood pressure after the 20th week of pregnancy. It usually happens in the last trimester. Preeclampsia also often includes signs of damage to some of your organs, such as your liver or kidneys. The signs may include protein in the urine (pee) and very high blood pressure. Preeclampsia can be serious or even life-threatening for both you and your baby. <ul> <li>If preeclampsia becomes severe enough to affect your brain function and causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">seizures</a> or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html">coma</a>, it is called <strong>eclampsia</strong>.</li> <li>In rare cases, preeclampsia symptoms may not start until after delivery. This is called <strong>postpartum preeclampsia</strong>. If this type of preeclampsia becomes more severe and causes a seizure, it is known as <strong>postpartum eclampsia</strong>. </li> <li>When a person with preeclampsia or eclampsia has damage to the liver and blood cells, it's called <strong>HELLP syndrome</strong>. It is rare, but very serious.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop high blood pressure in pregnancy?</h3> <p>You are more likely to develop high blood pressure in pregnancy if you:</p> <ul> <li>Had chronic high blood pressure or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">chronic kidney disease</a> before pregnancy</li> <li>Had high blood pressure or preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a><!--;i--> </li><li>Are under age 20 or over age 40</li> <li>Are pregnant with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html">more than one baby</a></li> <li>Are African American</li> <li>Have a family history of high blood pressure in pregnancy</li> <li>Have certain health conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html">diabetes</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html">lupus</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of high blood pressure in pregnancy?</h3> <p>High blood pressure usually has no symptoms. People usually find out they have high blood pressure when their health care provider <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/">measures their blood pressure</a>.</p> <p><strong>Preeclampsia</strong> can cause other symptoms, including:</p> <ul> <li>Too much protein in your urine (called proteinuria).</li> <li>Swelling (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html">edema</a>) in your face and hands. Your feet may also swell, but many women have swollen feet during pregnancy. So swollen feet by themselves may not be a sign of a problem.</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">headache</a> that does not go away.</li> <li>Vision problems, including blurred vision or seeing spots.</li> <li>Pain in your upper right <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">abdomen</a> (belly).</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Trouble breathing</a>.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Eclampsia</strong> can also cause seizures, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea and/or vomiting</a>, and low urine output.</p> <p>If you go on to develop <strong>HELLP syndrome</strong>, you may also have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html">bleeding</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html">bruising</a> easily, extreme <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a>, and liver failure.</p> <h3>What problems can high blood pressure in pregnancy cause?</h3> <p>High blood pressure in pregnancy can lead to complications such as:</p> <ul> <li>Placental abruption, where the placenta (the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to the baby) separates from the uterus (the place where a baby grows during pregnancy)</li> <li>Poor fetal growth, caused by a lack of nutrients and oxygen</li> <li>Preterm birth</li> <li>Your baby having a low birth weight</li> <li>Damage to your kidneys, liver, brain, and other organ and blood systems</li> <li>A higher risk of heart disease for you</li> </ul> <h3>How is high blood pressure in pregnancy diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your provider will check your blood pressure and urine at each prenatal visit. If your blood pressure reading is high (140/90 or higher), especially after the 20th week of pregnancy, your provider will likely want to order some tests. These may include blood tests and other lab tests, such as a test to look for extra <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/protein-in-urine/">protein in your urine</a>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for high blood pressure in pregnancy?</h3> <p>If you have high blood pressure, you and your baby will be closely monitored to lower the chance of complications. You may need to:</p> <ul> <li>Check your blood pressure at home.</li> <li>Keep track of how many times you feel the baby kicking each day.</li> <li>Adjust your physical activity. Talk to your provider about what level of physical activity is right for you.</li> <li>Take medicine to control your blood pressure. Talk to your provider about which medicines are safe for your baby. </li> <li>Take aspirin in the second trimester, if you are at risk of preeclampsia and your provider recommends aspirin.</li> <li>Visit your provider more often to monitor your condition and your baby's growth rate and heart rate.</li> </ul> <p>If you have <strong>eclampsia</strong>, <strong>HELLP syndrome</strong>, or a severe case of <strong>preeclampsia</strong>, you will most likely need to go to the hospital. Treatment often includes medicines. Your provider may also recommend delivering the baby early. They will make the decision based on:</p> <ul> <li>How severe the condition is</li> <li>The possible risks to you and your baby</li> <li>How far along the pregnancy is</li> </ul> <p>The goal is to lower the risks to you while giving your baby as much time as possible to mature before delivery. </p> <p>The symptoms of <strong>preeclampsia</strong> can last after delivery, but they usually go away within 6 weeks.</p> Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Presión arterial alta en el embarazo Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Health Problems in Pregnancy How to Prevent High Blood Pressure Gestational Hypertension Preeclampsia Toxemia Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <h3>What is cholesterol?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">Cholesterol</a> is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all the cells in the body. The liver makes cholesterol, and it is also in some foods, such as meat and dairy products. The body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But if your child or teen has high cholesterol (too much cholesterol in the blood), it can stick to the walls of their arteries and narrow or even block the arteries. This can put your child or teen at risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a> and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart diseases</a>.</p> <h3>What causes high cholesterol in children and teens?</h3> <p>Three main factors contribute to high cholesterol in children and teens:</p><ul> <li>An unhealthy diet, especially one that is high in saturated <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fats</a></li> <li>A family history of high cholesterol, especially when one or both parents have high cholesterol</li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html">obesity</a></li> </ul> <p>Some diseases, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinchildrenandteens.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney disease</a>, and certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">thyroid diseases</a>, can also cause high cholesterol in children and teens.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of high cholesterol in children and teens?</h3> <p>There are usually no signs or symptoms that your child or teen has high cholesterol.</p> <h3>How do I know if my child or teen has high cholesterol?</h3> <p>There is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">blood test</a> to measure cholesterol levels. The test gives information about:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Total cholesterol</strong>. This is a measure of the total amount of cholesterol in your blood. It includes both low-density lipoprotein (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL</a>) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL</a>) cholesterol.</li> <li><strong>LDL cholesterol.</strong> LDL is often called "bad" cholesterol because it is the main source of cholesterol buildup and blockage in the arteries.</li> <li><strong>HDL cholesterol.</strong> HDL is often called "good" cholesterol because it helps remove cholesterol from your arteries.</li> <li><strong>Non-HDL.</strong> This number is your total cholesterol minus your HDL. Your non-HDL includes LDL and other types of cholesterol such as VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein).</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html">Triglycerides</a>.</strong> This is another type of fat in your blood that can raise the risk of heart disease.</li> </ul> <p>For anyone aged 19 or younger, the healthy levels of cholesterol are</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for age 19 or younger" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Type of Cholesterol</th> <th scope="col">Healthy Level</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Total Cholesterol</td> <td>Less than 170 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Non-HDL</td> <td>Less than 120 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>LDL</td> <td>Less than 110 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>HDL</td> <td>More than 45 mg/dL</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p>When and how often your child or teen should get this test depends on their age, risk factors, and family history. The general recommendations are:</p><ul> <li>The first test should be between ages 9 to 11</li> <li>Children should have the test again every 5 years</li> <li>Some children may have this test starting at age 2 if there is a family history of high cholesterol, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for high cholesterol in children and teens?</h3> <p>Lifestyle changes are the main treatment for high cholesterol in children and teens. These changes include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Being more active.</strong> This includes getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular physical activity</a> and spending less time <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">sitting</a> (in front of a television, at a computer, on a phone or tablet, etc.).</li> <li><strong>Healthy eating.</strong> A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html">diet to lower cholesterol</a> includes limiting foods that are high in saturated fat, sugar, and cholesterol. It is also important to eat plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.</li> <li><strong>Losing weight,</strong> if your child or teen is overweight or has obesity.</li> </ul> <p>If everyone in the family makes these changes, it will be easier for your child or teen to stick to them. It is also an opportunity to improve your health, and the health of the rest of your family.</p> <p>Sometimes these lifestyle changes are not enough to lower your child or teen's cholesterol. Their health care provider may consider giving your child or teen cholesterol medicines if they:</p><ul> <li>Are at least 10 years old.</li> <li>Have an LDL (bad) cholesterol level that is higher than 190 mg/dL, even after six months of diet and exercise changes.</li> <li>Have an LDL (bad) cholesterol level that is higher than 160 mg/dL AND are at high risk for heart disease.</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hypercholesterolemia/">familial hypercholesterolemia</a> (FH). FH is an inherited disorder that causes very high levels of cholesterol in the blood.</li> </ul> Children and Teenagers Blood, Heart and Circulation Food and Nutrition Colesterol alto en niños y adolescentes Hypercholesterolemia Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Child Nutrition Cholesterol Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know Exercise for Children HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol Obesity in Children Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Boston Children's Hospital Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Nemours Foundation <p>Your hip is the joint where your femur (thigh bone) meets your pelvis (hip bone). There are two main parts: a ball at the end of the femur, which fits in a socket in the pelvis. Your hip is known as a ball-and-socket joint. This is because you have a ball at the end of your femur, and it fits into a socket in your pelvis. This makes your hips very stable and allows for a wide range of motion. When they are healthy, it takes great force to hurt them. However, playing sports, running, overuse, or falling can sometimes lead to hip injuries such as:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">Strains</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bursitis.html">Bursitis</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html">Dislocations</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">Fractures</a> (broken bones)</li> </ul> <p>Certain diseases also lead to hip injuries or problems. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoarthritis</a> can cause pain and limited motion. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">Osteoporosis</a> of the hip causes weak bones that break easily. Both of these are common in older people.</p> <p>Another problem is hip dysplasia, where the ball at the end of the femur is loose in the hip socket. It can cause hip dislocation. Babies who have hip dysplasia are usually born with it, but sometimes they develop it later.</p> <p>Treatment for hip disorders may include rest, medicines, physical therapy, or surgery, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hipreplacement.html">hip replacement</a>. </p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera Pelvic Bones injuries Hip Dislocation Hip Fractures Hip Injuries Femoral Neck Fractures Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Hip Replacement Pelvis Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Find an Expert American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children American Academy of Family Physicians Living With American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Living With Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Hip arthroplasty Hip prosthesis <p>Hip replacement is surgery for people with severe hip damage. The most common cause of damage is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html">osteoarthritis</a>. Osteoarthritis causes pain, swelling, and reduced motion in your joints. It can interfere with your daily activities. If other treatments such as physical therapy, pain medicines, and exercise haven't helped, hip replacement surgery might be an option for you.</p> <p>During a hip replacement operation, the surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone from your hip joint and replaces them with new, man-made parts.</p> <p>A hip replacement can:</p><ul> <li>Relieve pain</li> <li>Help your hip joint work better</li> <li>Improve walking and other movements</li> </ul> <p>The most common problem after surgery is hip dislocation. Because a man-made hip is smaller than the original joint, the ball can come out of its socket. The surgery can also cause blood clots and infections. With a hip replacement, you might need to avoid certain activities, such as jogging and high-impact sports.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Surgery and Rehabilitation Reemplazo de cadera Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Hip Injuries and Disorders Arthroplasty Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Find an Expert American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Related Issues American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Videos and Tutorials American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Video Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Azúcar alta en la sangre Hiperglicemia <h3>¿Qué es la glucosa en sangre?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">glucosa en la sangre</a>, o azúcar en la sangre, es el azúcar principal que se encuentra en la sangre. Es la principal fuente de energía de su cuerpo. Proviene de los alimentos que consume. Su cuerpo descompone la mayor parte de ese alimento en glucosa y la libera en el torrente sanguíneo. Cuando su glucosa en sangre sube, le indica a su páncreas que libere insulina. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda a que la glucosa entre en las células para ser utilizada como energía.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la hiperglucemia?</h3> <p>Hiperglucemia significa glucosa en sangre alta. Afecta con más frecuencia a personas que tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>. Cuando tiene diabetes, el cuerpo no produce suficiente insulina, no puede usarla tan bien como debería. Demasiada glucosa permanece en la sangre y no llega a las células.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la hiperglucemia?</h3> <p>Una parte clave del control de la diabetes es manejar los niveles de glucosa en sangre. Para esto, debe seguir un <TOPIC ID="3049" LINKTEXT="plan de alimentación para la diabetes"/> y hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física</a> regular. Es posible que también deba tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">medicamentos para la diabetes</a>. Debe equilibrar todo esto para mantener su nivel de glucosa en sangre en los niveles correctos. Pero si come demasiado o consume alimentos poco sanos, no toma sus medicamentos correctamente o no hace actividad física, puede tener hiperglucemia. También puede ocurrir si está <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estresado</a> o enfermo.</p> <p>Con menos frecuencia, las personas que no tienen diabetes también pueden tener hiperglucemia. Puede ser causado por trastornos que pueden afectar los niveles de insulina o glucosa en la sangre, incluyendo problemas con el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticdiseases.html">páncreas</a> o las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html">glándulas suprarrenales</a>, ciertos medicamentos y enfermedades graves.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hiperglucemia?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la hiperglucemia incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Sensación de sed</li> <li>Sentirse cansado o débil</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolores de cabeza</a></li> <li>Orinar con frecuencia</li> <li>Visión borrosa</li> </ul> <p>Si es diabético y con frecuencia tiene niveles altos de glucosa en la sangre o síntomas de hiperglucemia, hable con su equipo de atención médica. Es posible que necesite un cambio en su dieta para la diabetes, plan de actividad física o medicamentos para la diabetes.</p> <p>Si no tiene diabetes y tiene estos síntomas, consulte a su profesional de la salud para averiguar la causa y cómo tratarla.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la hiperglucemia?</h3> <p>Si la hiperglucemia no se trata, puede causar otros problemas. En las personas con diabetes, la hiperglucemia a largo plazo puede provocar serios <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetescomplications.html">problemas de salud</a> (complicaciones de la diabetes).</p> <p>Si sus niveles de glucosa en sangre son muy altos, puede desarrollar cetoacidosis diabética. Ocurre cuando su cuerpo no tiene suficiente insulina para permitir que la glucosa en la sangre ingrese a sus células para usarla como energía. En cambio, su hígado descompone la grasa como combustible. Este proceso produce ácidos llamados cetonas. Cuando se producen demasiadas cetonas demasiado rápido, pueden acumularse y llegar a niveles peligrosos en su cuerpo. Esto puede poner en peligro la vida.</p> <p>Los síntomas de la cetoacidosis diabética pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náusea o vómitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">Dolor abdominal</a></li> <li>Confusión</li> <li>Sentirse muy cansado o con sueño</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene una prueba casera de cetonas, controle su nivel de cetonas cada 4 a 6 horas cuando su nivel de glucosa en la sangre sea muy alto o cuando presente estos síntomas. Si la prueba muestra que sus cetonas son moderadas o altas, o si no tiene una prueba de cetonas, hable con su profesional de la salud de inmediato o busque ayuda médica de emergencia.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la hiperglucemia?</h3> <p>Si tiene diabetes, lo más probable es que necesite controlar su glucosa en sangre todos los días y asegurarse de que no sea demasiado alta. Puede hacerlo con un medidor de glucosa en sangre o un sistema de monitoreo continuo de glucosa (MCG).</p> <p>También hay <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/">análisis de sangre</a> que los profesional de la salud pueden usar para verificar si su nivel de glucosa en la sangre es demasiado alto.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hiperglucemia?</h3> <p>Si tiene diabetes y, a menudo, tiene niveles altos de glucosa en la sangre, su equipo de atención médica puede hacer cambios en su plan de comidas para la diabetes, plan de actividad física y/o medicamentos para la diabetes.</p> <p>Si tiene hiperglucemia severa y tiene síntomas de cetoacidosis diabética, necesitará tratamiento en el hospital. El tratamiento a menudo incluye líquidos intravenosos e insulina.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la hiperglucemia?</h3> <p>Si tiene diabetes, controlarla puede ayudar a prevenir la hiperglucemia. Para controlar su diabetes, es importante:</p> <ul> <li>Seguir su plan de alimentación para la diabetes</li> <li>Hacer actividad física regular</li> <li>Si necesita medicamentos para la diabetes, tomarlos correctamente</li> <li>Controlar regularmente su nivel de glucosa en sangre</li> <li>Hacerse chequeos regulares con su equipo de atención médica </li> </ul> Sistema endocrino Problemas del metabolismo Diabetes mellitus Hyperglycemia Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Glucosa en la sangre Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Hipertensión arterial pulmonar <h3>¿Qué es la hipertensión pulmonar?</h3> <p>La hipertensión pulmonar es una enfermedad grave que afecta los vasos sanguíneos de los pulmones. Ocurre cuando la presión arterial en los pulmones es más alta de lo normal.</p> <p>Su corazón bombea sangre a sus pulmones para que puedan suministrar oxígeno a la sangre. La sangre luego vuelve a su corazón. De ahí, se traslada al resto del cuerpo para brindar el oxígeno que necesitan los tejidos.</p> <p>La sangre pasa del corazón a los pulmones a través de vasos sanguíneos llamados arterias pulmonares. Si las arterias pulmonares se dañan, se estrechan o se bloquean, la sangre no fluye a través de ellas. Esto puede aumentar la presión arterial en las arterias y causar hipertensión pulmonar.</p> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de hipertensión pulmonar, incluyendo hipertensión arterial pulmonar. Los diferentes tipos se basan en la causa de la enfermedad.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la hipertensión pulmonar?</h3> <p>La hipertensión pulmonar puede desarrollarse por sí sola o ser causada por otra afección. En ocasiones, no se conoce la causa o no está clara.</p> <p>Algunas de las posibles causas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">Enfermedades cardíacas</a>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">insuficiencia cardíaca</a> del lado izquierdo y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">enfermedad cardíaca congénita</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">Enfermedades de los pulmones</a> como <a href="../spanish/copd.html" tid="1836">enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitiallungdiseases.html">enfermedad pulmonar intersticial</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html">enfisema</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">apnea del sueño</a></li> <li>Otras afecciones médicas como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">Enfermedades del hígado</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sicklecelldisease.html">Enfermedad de células falciformes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html">Embolia pulmonar</a> (coágulos de sangre en los pulmones)</li> <li>Trastornos del tejido conectivo como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scleroderma.html">esclerodermia</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener hipertensión pulmonar?</h3> <p>Ciertos factores pueden aumentar la probabilidad de que usted tenga hipertensión pulmonar, como:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Edad:</strong> El riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece. La afección suele diagnosticarse entre los 30 y 60 años</li> <li><strong>Ambiente:</strong> Estar expuesto al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html">asbesto</a> o tener ciertas infecciones causadas por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html">parásitos</a> puede aumentar el riesgo</li> <li><strong>Historia familiar y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">genética</a>:</strong> Ciertos trastornos genéticos, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html">síndrome de Down</a>, la cardiopatía congénita y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gaucherdisease.html">enfermedad de Gaucher</a>, pueden aumentar el riesgo de hipertensión pulmonar. También los antecedentes familiares de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulos sanguíneos</a></li> <li><strong>Estilo de vida:</strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">fumar</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">consumir drogas ilegales</a> pueden aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar hipertensión pulmonar</li> <li><strong>Ciertos medicamentos:</strong> Algunos medicamentos utilizados para tratar el cáncer y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> pueden aumentar la probabilidad de desarrollar hipertensión pulmonar</li> <li><strong>Sexo:</strong> La hipertensión pulmonar es más común en mujeres que en hombres</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hipertensión pulmonar?</h3> <p>En ocasiones, los síntomas de la hipertensión pulmonar son difíciles de reconocer y son similares a los de otras afecciones médicas. Por ello, a veces pueden pasar años antes de obtener un diagnóstico de hipertensión pulmonar.</p> <p>Los síntomas de la hipertensión pulmonar pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a></li> <li>Presión o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">dolor de pecho</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a> que pueden provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html">desmayo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html">Hinchazón</a> del abdomen, las piernas o los pies</li> <li>Palpitaciones cardiacas (la sensación de que el corazón late con fuerza o late demasiado rápido)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la hipertensión pulmonar?</h3> <p>La hipertensión pulmonar puede empeorar con el tiempo y provocar problemas serios, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">Anemia</a>: Esto puede provocar que el cuerpo no reciba suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Arritmias</a>: Problemas con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón</li> <li>Coágulos de sangre en las arterias pulmonares</li> <li>Sangrado en los pulmones</li> <li>Insuficiencia cardiaca</li> <li>Daño hepático</li> <li>Derrame pericárdico: Acumulación de líquido alrededor del corazón</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">Complicaciones del embarazo</a> graves</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la hipertensión pulmonar?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene hipertensión pulmonar, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntará sobre su <strong>historia clínica y sus síntomas</strong></li> <li>Realizará un <strong>examen físico</strong>, que puede incluir controlar el oxígeno en la sangre, escuchar el corazón y los pulmones y controlar la presión arterial</li> <li>Es probable que solicite algunas pruebas, como: <ul> <li><strong>Análisis de sangre</strong> para buscar coágulos sanguíneos, estrés en el corazón o anemia</li> <li><strong>Pruebas de imágenes del corazón</strong>, como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética cardíaca</a></li> <li><strong>Pruebas de imágenes pulmonares</strong>, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografías</a> de tórax</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/">Electrocardiograma</a></strong></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hipertensión pulmonar?</h3> <p>A menudo no existe cura para la hipertensión pulmonar, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas. Su profesional de la salud creará un plan de tratamiento en conjunto con usted. Se basará en sus necesidades y en la causa de la hipertensión pulmonar. El plan puede incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cambios de estilo de vida saludables</strong>, como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html">Alimentación sana</a>, incluyendo reducir la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sal</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Actividad física regular</a>, que puede realizarse mediante <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">rehabilitación pulmonar</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong>, como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">Anticoagulantes</a> </li><li>Medicamentos para controlar la velocidad con la que se bombea la sangre por todo el cuerpo</li> <li>Medicamentos para relajar los vasos sanguíneos y permitir que la sangre fluya mejor</li> <li>Medicamentos para reducir la hinchazón (diuréticos)</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">Terapia de oxígeno</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Procedimientos</strong> para reducir la presión en el corazón o la arteria pulmonar</li> <li>En algunos casos graves, un <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html">trasplante de pulmón</a></strong></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Pulmón y vías respiratorias Pulmonary Hypertension Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Enfermedades de los pulmones Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Hiperfunción tiroidea Hipertireosis Tiroidismo Tirotoxicosis <h3>¿Qué es el hipertiroidismo?</h3> <p>El hipertiroidismo, o tiroides hiperactiva, ocurre cuando la glándula <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">tiroides</a> produce más hormonas tiroideas de las que su cuerpo necesita.</p> <p>Su tiroides es una pequeña glándula con forma de mariposa ubicada en la parte delantera de su cuello. Produce hormonas que controlan cómo el cuerpo usa la energía. Estas hormonas afectan a casi todos los órganos de su cuerpo y controlan muchas de las funciones más importantes de su cuerpo. Por ejemplo, afectan su respiración, frecuencia cardíaca, peso, digestión y estados de ánimo. Si no se trata, el hipertiroidismo puede causar serios problemas del corazón, huesos, músculos, ciclo menstrual y fertilidad. Sin embargo, existen tratamientos que pueden ayudar.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el hipertiroidismo?</h3> <p>El hipertiroidismo tiene varias causas. Incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Enfermedad de Graves: Trastorno autoinmune en el que el sistema inmunitario ataca la tiroides y hace que produzca demasiada hormona. Es la causa más común</li> <li>Nódulos tiroideos: Crecimientos en la tiroides. Suelen ser benignos (no cancerosos), pero pueden volverse hiperactivos y producir demasiada hormona tiroidea. Los nódulos tiroideos son más comunes en adultos mayores</li> <li>Tiroiditis: Inflamación de la tiroides. Hace que la hormona tiroidea almacenada se filtre fuera de la glándula tiroides</li> <li>Demasiado yodo: El yodo se encuentra en algunos medicamentos, jarabes para la tos, algas y suplementos a base de algas. Tomar demasiado puede causar que su tiroides produzca demasiada hormona </li> <li>Demasiada medicina para la tiroides: Esto puede ocurrir si las personas que toman medicamentos para el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html">hipotiroidismo</a> (tiroides hipoactiva) toman demasiado</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de hipertiroidismo?</h3> <p>Usted tiene un mayor riesgo de hipertiroidismo si:</p> <ul> <li>Es mujer</li> <li>Es mayor de 60 años</li> <li>Ha estado embarazada o tuvo un bebé en los últimos 6 meses</li> <li>Ha tenido cirugía de tiroides o un problema de tiroides, como bocio</li> <li>Tiene antecedentes familiares de enfermedad de la tiroides</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia</a> perniciosa, en la cual el cuerpo no puede producir suficientes glóbulos rojos sanos porque no tiene suficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html">vitamina B12</a></li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo 1</a> o insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria, un trastorno hormonal</li> <li>Consume demasiado yodo al comer grandes cantidades de alimentos o al usar medicamentos o suplementos que contienen yodo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del hipertiroidismo?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del hipertiroidismo pueden variar de persona a persona y pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Nerviosismo o irritabilidad</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Debilidad muscular</li> <li>Problemas para tolerar el calor</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html">Problemas para dormir</a></li> <li>Temblor, generalmente en las manos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Latidos cardíacos irregulares</a> o rápidos</li> <li>Deposiciones frecuentes o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a></li> <li>Pérdida de peso</li> <li>Cambios de humor</li> <li>Bocio, un agrandamiento de la tiroides que puede hacer que su cuello se vea hinchado. A veces puede causar problemas para respirar o tragar</li> </ul> <p>Los adultos mayores de 60 años pueden tener síntomas diferentes que los adultos más jóvenes. Por ejemplo, pueden perder el apetito o aislarse de otras personas. En ocasiones, esto puede confundirse con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión </a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">demencia</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el hipertiroidismo?</h3> <p>Si el hipertiroidismo no se trata, puede causar algunos problemas de salud graves, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li> Latido cardíaco irregular que puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulos de sangre</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">insuficiencia cardíaca</a> y otros <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">problemas cardíacos</a></li> <li>Oftalmopatía de Graves: Una enfermedad del ojo que puede causar visión doble, sensibilidad a la luz y dolor ocular. En casos raros, puede llevar a una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">pérdida de la visión</a></li> <li>Adelgazamiento de los huesos y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html">Problemas de fertilidad en mujeres</a></li> <li>Complicaciones en el embarazo como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html">parto prematuro</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html">bajo peso al nacer</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">presión arterial alta en el embarazo</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html">pérdida del embarazo</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el hipertiroidismo?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroidtests.html">Pruebas para la tiroides</a>, como:</li> <ul> <li>Prueba de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/">TSH</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-triyodotironina-t3/">T3</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiroxina-t4/">T4</a> y análisis de sangre de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anticuerpos-antitiroideos/">anticuerpos tiroideos</a> </li> <li>Pruebas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">imagen</a>, como un examen de tiroides, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ecografía</a> o prueba de absorción de yodo radioactivo, la que mide la cantidad de yodo radioactivo que su tiroides absorbe de su sangre después de tragar una pequeña cantidad</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el hipertiroidismo?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para el hipertiroidismo incluyen medicamentos, terapia con yodo radiactivo y cirugía de tiroides:</p> <ul> <li>Los <strong>medicamentos</strong> para el hipertiroidismo incluyen:</li> <ul> <li>Medicamentos antitiroideos: Hacen que su tiroides produzca menos hormona tiroidea. Es probable que necesite tomar los medicamentos durante 1 a 2 años. En algunos casos, es posible que deba tomarlos durante varios años. Este es el tratamiento más simple, pero a menudo no es una cura permanente</li> <li>Medicamentos betabloqueantes: Pueden reducir síntomas como temblores, latidos cardíacos rápidos y nerviosismo. Funcionan rápidamente y pueden ayudarlo a sentirse mejor hasta que otros tratamientos surtan efecto</li> </ul> <li> <strong>Terapia con yodo radioactivo</strong>: Tratamiento común y efectivo para el hipertiroidismo. Implica tomar yodo radioactivo por vía oral como una cápsula o líquido. Esto destruye lentamente las células de la glándula tiroides que producen la hormona tiroidea. No afecta a otros tejidos del cuerpo. Casi todas las personas que reciben tratamiento con yodo radiactivo desarrollan más tarde hipotiroidismo. Esto se debe a que las células productoras de hormona tiroidea han sido destruidas. Pero el hipotiroidismo es más fácil de tratar y causa menos problemas de salud a largo plazo que el hipertiroidismo</li> <li> <strong>Cirugía</strong> para extirpar parte o la mayoría de la glándula tiroides: Se realiza en casos raros. Puede ser opción para personas con bocios grandes o mujeres embarazadas que no pueden tomar medicamentos antitiroideos. Si le extirpan toda la tiroides, deberá tomar medicamentos para la tiroides de por vida. Algunas personas a las que se les extirpa parte de la tiroides también deben tomar medicamentos</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene hipertiroidismo, es importante no consumir demasiado yodo. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre qué alimentos, suplementos y medicamentos debe evitar.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema endocrino Hyperthyroidism Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de tiroides Enfermedades de la tiroides Hipotiroidismo Pruebas y exámenes para la tiroides Tiroides, Hiperfunción Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Americana de la Tiroides PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de la Tiroides Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <h3>¿Qué es el hipo?</h3> <p>¿Se ha preguntado alguna vez qué pasa cuando tiene hipo? El hipo consiste de dos partes. La primera es un movimiento involuntario de su diafragma, el músculo que se encuentra debajo de los pulmones. Es el principal músculo que se utiliza para respirar. La segunda parte del hipo consiste en un cierre rápido de sus cuerdas vocales. Esto es lo que causa el sonido "hip" del hipo.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el hipo?</h3> <p>El hipo puede comenzar y terminar sin una causa aparente. Pero a menudo ocurre cuando algo irrita su diafragma, como:</p> <ul> <li>Comer demasiado rápido</li> <li>Comer demasiado</li> <li>Comer alimentos calientes o picantes</li> <li>Beber alcohol</li> <li>Tomar bebidas carbonatadas</li> <li>Enfermedades que irritan los nervios que controlan el diafragma</li> <li>Sentirse nervioso o emocionado</li> <li>Hinchazón del estómago </li> <li>Ciertos medicamentos</li> <li>Cirugía abdominal</li> <li>Trastornos metabólicos</li> <li>Trastornos del sistema nervioso central</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo dejar de tener hipo?</h3> <p>El hipo suele desaparecer por sí solo después de unos minutos. Es probable que haya escuchado algunas sugerencias sobre cómo curar el hipo. No hay pruebas de que funcionen, pero no son dañinas, por lo que puede probarlas. Estas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Respirar dentro de una bolsa de papel</li> <li>Tomar o sorber agua fría de un vaso </li> <li>Aguantar la respiración </li> <li>Hacer gárgaras con agua helada</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el hipo?</h3> <p>Algunas personas tienen hipo crónico. Esto significa que el hipo dura más de unos días o puede volver. El hipo crónico puede interferir con el sueño, comer, beber y hablar. Si tiene hipo crónico, hable con su proveedor de atención médica. Si tiene una afección que está causando el hipo, el tratamiento puede ayudar. De lo contrario, las opciones de tratamiento incluyen medicamentos, cirugía y otros procedimientos.</p> Sistema digestivo Hiccups Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Azúcar baja en la sangre Hipoglicemia <h3>¿Qué es la glucosa en sangre?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">glucosa en la sangre</a>, o azúcar en la sangre, es el azúcar principal que se encuentra en la sangre. Es la principal fuente de energía de su cuerpo. Proviene de los alimentos que consume. Su cuerpo descompone la mayor parte de ese alimento en glucosa y la libera en el torrente sanguíneo. Cuando su glucosa en sangre sube, le indica a su páncreas que libere insulina. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda a que la glucosa entre en las células para ser utilizada como energía.</p> <p>Para las personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, el cuerpo no produce suficiente insulina, no puede usarla tan bien como debería, o ambas cosas a la vez. Eso provoca que demasiada glucosa permanezca en la sangre y no llegue a las células.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la hipoglucemia?</h3> <p>Hipoglucemia significa baja glucosa. Ocurre cuando el nivel de glucosa en la sangre cae por debajo de lo que es saludable para usted:</p> <ul> <li>Para muchas personas con diabetes, esto significa un nivel de glucosa en sangre inferior a 70 mg/dL. Su número puede ser diferente. Hable con su equipo de atención médica para averiguar qué nivel de glucosa en sangre es demasiado bajo para usted</li> <li>Para las personas que no tienen diabetes, la hipoglucemia suele ser un nivel de glucosa en sangre inferior a 55 mg/dL</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa la hipoglucemia?</h3> <p>La hipoglucemia es común en personas que tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo 1</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a> y toman insulina u otros <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">medicamentos para la diabetes</a>. Puede ocurrir:</p> <ul> <li>Como efecto secundario de la insulina o de otros medicamentos que ayudan al páncreas a liberar insulina en la sangre. Estos medicamentos pueden reducir su nivel de glucosa en sangre</li> <li>Si no come o bebe suficientes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html">carbohidratos</a>. Los carbohidratos son la principal fuente de glucosa del cuerpo</li> <li>Si realiza mucha más actividad física de lo habitual</li> <li>Si bebe demasiado alcohol sin suficiente comida</li> <li>Cuando está enfermo y no puede comer lo suficiente o retener los alimentos</li> </ul> <p>Aunque es raro, aún puede tener un nivel bajo de glucosa en la sangre sin tener diabetes. Las causas pueden incluir afecciones como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">enfermedades del hígado</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">enfermedades renales</a> y deficiencias hormonales (falta de ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonas</a>). También puede ocurrir en personas que se han sometido a ciertos tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html">cirugía para perder peso</a>. Algunos medicamentos, como ciertas medicinas para el corazón y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>, también pueden causarlo. Consulte a su profesional de la salud para averiguar la causa de su nivel bajo de glucosa en sangre y cómo tratarlo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la hipoglucemia?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de un nivel bajo de glucosa en la sangre tienden a aparecer rápidamente. Los síntomas pueden ser diferentes para cada persona, pero pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Temblores </li> <li>Sudoración</li> <li>Nerviosismo o ansiedad</li> <li>Irritabilidad o confusión</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a></li> <li>Hambre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la hipoglucemia?</h3> <p>Si tiene diabetes, lo más probable es que necesite controlar su glucosa en sangre todos los días y asegurarse de que no sea demasiado baja. Puede hacerlo con un medidor de glucosa en sangre o un sistema de monitoreo continuo de glucosa (MCG).</p> <p>También hay <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/">análisis de sangre</a> que los profesionales de salud pueden usar para verificar si su nivel de glucosa en la sangre es demasiado bajo.</p> <p>Si no tiene diabetes y tiene hipoglucemia, es probable que su proveedor solicite otras pruebas para tratar de averiguar la causa.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la hipoglucemia?</h3> <p>Si tiene hipoglucemia leve o moderada, comer o beber algo con carbohidratos puede ayudar. Pero la hipoglucemia grave puede causar complicaciones serias, como desmayo, coma o incluso la muerte. La hipoglucemia grave se puede tratar con glucagón, una hormona que eleva los niveles de glucosa en sangre. Se puede administrar como aerosol nasal o inyección. Si tiene diabetes, su profesional de la salud puede recetarle un kit de glucagón para usar en caso de una emergencia.</p> <p>Si tiene diabetes y con frecuencia su nivel de glucosa en la sangre es leve o moderado, su equipo de atención médica puede hacer cambios en su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html">plan de alimentación para la diabetes</a>, plan de actividad física y/o medicamentos para la diabetes.</p> <p>Si no tiene diabetes y sigue teniendo nivel bajo de glucosa en la sangre, el tratamiento dependerá de la causa que lo esté provocando.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la hipoglucemia?</h3> <p>Si tiene diabetes y toma insulina u otros medicamentos que bajan la glucosa en sangre, puede ayudar a prevenir la hipoglucemia al:</p> <ul> <li>Seguir su plan de alimentación para la diabetes: Coma y beba suficientes carbohidratos para mantener su nivel de glucosa en la sangre dentro de su rango objetivo. También lleve consigo una fuente de carbohidratos de acción rápida, como tabletas de glucosa o una caja de jugo, en caso de que su glucosa en sangre baje demasiado</li> <li>Mantenerse seguro durante la actividad física: Controle su nivel de glucosa en sangre antes y después. Es posible que necesite comer un refrigerio antes de su actividad física</li> <li>Si toma medicamentos para la diabetes, asegúrese de tomarlos correctamente </li> </ul> Problemas del metabolismo Hypoglycemia Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Diabetes Azúcar baja en la sangre Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Temperatura baja del cuerpo <p>El clima frío puede afectar al cuerpo en formas diferentes. Usted puede sufrir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/frostbite.html">congelación</a>, una lesión en el cuerpo causada por el congelamiento. Además, el cuerpo puede perder calor más rápido de lo que usted puede producirlo. El resultado es la hipotermia, o una temperatura corporal anormalmente baja. Puede causarle somnolencia, confusión y torpeza en los movimientos. Dado que ocurre en forma gradual y afecta el pensamiento, es posible que no se dé cuenta que necesita ayuda. Esto lo hace especialmente peligrosa. Una temperatura corporal por debajo de 95 °F (35 ºC) constituye una emergencia médica y puede conducir a la muerte si no se trata en forma rápida. </p> <p>Cualquier persona que pase mucho tiempo al aire libre en climas fríos puede tener hipotermia. También puede ocurrir por tener frío y estar mojado, o permanecer en aguas frías durante mucho tiempo. Los bebés y las personas mayores presentan un riesgo especial. Los bebés pueden tenerla por dormir en una habitación fría. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Lesiones y heridas Síntomas Hypothermia Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Congelación Emergencias causadas por el invierno Daño causado por clima frío Frío, Daño causado por Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Hipofunción tiroidea Insuficiencia tiroidea Mixedema <h3>¿Qué es el hipotiroidismo?</h3> <p>El hipotiroidismo, o tiroides hipoactiva, ocurre cuando la glándula <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">tiroides</a> no produce suficientes hormonas tiroideas para satisfacer las necesidades del cuerpo.</p> <p>Su tiroides es una pequeña glándula con forma de mariposa ubicada en la parte delantera de su cuello. Produce hormonas que controlan cómo el cuerpo usa la energía. Estas hormonas afectan a casi todos los órganos de su cuerpo y controlan muchas de las funciones más importantes de su cuerpo. Por ejemplo, afectan su respiración, frecuencia cardíaca, peso, digestión y estados de ánimo. Sin suficientes hormonas tiroideas, muchas de las funciones de su cuerpo se vuelven más lentas. Sin embargo, existen tratamientos que pueden ayudar.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el hipotiroidismo?</h3> <p>El hipotiroidismo tiene varias causas. Incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Enfermedad de Hashimoto: Trastorno autoinmune en el que el sistema inmunitario ataca la tiroides. Es la causa más común</li> <li> Tiroiditis: Inflamación de la tiroides</li> <li>Hipotiroidismo congénito: Hipotiroidismo presente al nacer</li> <li>Extracción quirúrgica de parte o la totalidad de la tiroides</li> <li>Tratamiento de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radiación</a> de la tiroides</li> <li>Ciertos medicamentos</li> <li>En casos raros, una enfermedad de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarydisorders.html">glándula pituitaria</a> o consumir demasiado o muy poco yodo en la dieta</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de hipotiroidismo?</h3> <p>Usted tiene mayor riesgo de hipotiroidismo si:</p> <ul> <li>Es mujer</li> <li> Es mayor de 60 años</li> <li> Ha tenido un problema de tiroides anteriormente, como bocio</li> <li>Ha tenido una cirugía para corregir un problema de tiroides</li> <li>Ha recibido radioterapia en la tiroides, el cuello o el tórax</li> <li>Tiene antecedentes familiares de enfermedad de la tiroides</li> <li>Estuvo embarazada o tuvo un bebé en los últimos 6 meses</li> <li>Tiene el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/turnersyndrome.html">síndrome de Turner</a>, un trastorno genético que afecta a las mujeres</li> <li> Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia</a> perniciosa, en la cual el cuerpo no puede producir suficientes glóbulos rojos sanos porque no tiene suficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html">vitamina B12</a></li> <li>Tiene el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sjogrenssyndrome.html">síndrome de Sjögren</a>, enfermedad que causa sequedad en los ojos y la boca</li> <li> Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo 1</a></li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html">artritis reumatoide</a>, enfermedad autoinmune que afecta las articulaciones</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html">lupus</a>, enfermedad autoinmune crónica</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del hipotiroidismo?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del hipotiroidismo pueden variar de persona a persona y pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Aumento de peso</li> <li>Rostro hinchado</li> <li>Problemas para tolerar el frío</li> <li>Dolor articular y muscular</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">Estreñimiento</a></li> <li>Piel seca</li> <li>Cabello seco y delgado</li> <li>Disminución de la sudoración</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">Períodos menstruales</a> intensos o irregulares</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html">Problemas de fertilidad en mujeres</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a></li> <li>Baja frecuencia cardíaca</li> <li>Bocio, un agrandamiento de la tiroides que puede hacer que su cuello se vea hinchado. A veces puede causar problemas para respirar o tragar</li> </ul> <p>Debido a que el hipotiroidismo se desarrolla lentamente, muchas personas no notan síntomas de la enfermedad durante meses o incluso años.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el hipotiroidismo?</h3> <p>El hipotiroidismo puede contribuir al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol alto</a>. En casos raros, el hipotiroidismo no tratado puede causar coma mixedematoso. Esta es una condición en la que las funciones de su cuerpo se ralentizan hasta el punto de poner en peligro la vida.</p> <p>Durante el embarazo, el hipotiroidismo puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">complicaciones</a> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html">parto prematuro</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">presión arterial alta en el embarazo</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html">pérdida del embarazo</a>. También puede retrasar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">crecimiento y desarrollo del bebé</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el hipotiroidismo?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Pruebas de tiroides, como:</li> <ul> <li>Prueba de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/">TSH</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-triyodotironina-t3/">T3</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiroxina-t4/">T4</a> y análisis de sangre de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anticuerpos-antitiroideos/">anticuerpos tiroideos</a> </li> <li>Pruebas de imagen como un examen de tiroides, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ecografía</a> o prueba de absorción de yodo radioactivo, la que mide la cantidad de yodo radioactivo que su tiroides absorbe de su sangre después de tragar una pequeña cantidad</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el hipotiroidismo?</h3> <p>El hipotiroidismo se trata con un medicamento para reemplazar la hormona que su propia tiroides no puede producir. Entre 6 a 8 semanas después de comenzar a tomar el medicamento se le realizará un análisis de sangre para verificar el nivel de su hormona tiroidea. Su profesional de la salud ajustará su dosis si es necesario. Cada vez que se ajuste su dosis, se le realizará otro análisis de sangre. Una vez que encuentre la dosis correcta, es probable que en 6 meses se someta a otro análisis de sangre. Después de eso, necesitará la prueba una vez al año.</p> <p>Si toma su medicamento de acuerdo con las instrucciones, debería poder controlar el hipotiroidismo. Nunca debe dejar de tomar su medicamento sin hablar primero con su profesional de la salud.</p> <p>Si tiene la enfermedad de Hashimoto u otros tipos de trastornos autoinmunes de la tiroides, puede ser sensible a los efectos secundarios nocivos del yodo. Hable con su proveedor de atención médica sobre qué alimentos, suplementos y medicamentos debe evitar.</p> <p>Las mujeres necesitan más yodo cuando están embarazadas porque el bebé obtiene yodo de la dieta de la madre. Si está embarazada, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre la cantidad de yodo que necesita.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema endocrino Hypothyroidism Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de tiroides Enfermedades de la tiroides Hipertiroidismo Pruebas y exámenes para la tiroides Cretinismo Hipotiroidismo congénito Tiroides, Insuficiencia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de la Tiroides Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de la Tiroides Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de la Tiroides Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Americana de la Tiroides Extirpación del útero <p>Una histerectomía es una operación para extraer el útero de una mujer. El útero es donde crece el bebé durante el embarazo. Una histerectomía interrumpirá sus períodos menstruales y no podrá volver a embarazarse. A veces en las operaciones también se extirpan los ovarios y las trompas de Falopio. Si se extirpan ambos ovarios, usted entrará en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">menopausia</a>.</p> <p>El médico puede recomendarle una histerectomía si tiene:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinefibroids.html">Fibromas</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endometriosis.html">Endometriosis</a> que no responde a tratamiento con medicinas o cirugía </li> <li> Prolapso uterino: cuando el útero desciende hacia la vagina </li> <li> Cáncer de útero, cuello uterino u ovarios </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html">Sangrado vaginal</a> que persiste a pesar del tratamiento </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html">Dolor pélvico crónico</a>: la cirugía puede ser un último recurso </li> </ul> <p class="">Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Dept. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE.UU. </p> Mujeres Cirugía y rehabilitación Sistema reproductor femenino Hysterectomy Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <h3>What is histoplasmosis?</h3> <p>Histoplasmosis is an infection caused by a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html">fungus</a> called <em>Histoplasma</em>. This fungus is common in the central and eastern United States, especially around the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. It can also be found in parts of Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. It lives in the environment, especially in soil that contains large amounts of bat or bird droppings (poop).</p> <h3>How do you get histoplasmosis?</h3> <p>You get histoplasmosis by breathing in <em>Histoplasma</em> fungal spores from the air. It usually happens after you have been doing an activity that disturbs the soil, such as farming, construction, and landscaping. Histoplasmosis is not contagious. This means that you cannot get the infection from another person or an animal.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of histoplasmosis?</h3> <p>Most people who breathe in the spores never have any symptoms. If you do get symptoms, they usually start between 3 and 17 days after you breathe in the spores. The symptoms may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">Cough</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Chills</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a></li> <li>Body aches</li> </ul> <p>For most people, the symptoms of histoplasmosis will go away within a few weeks to a month. However, some people can have symptoms that last longer, especially if their infection becomes severe. Certain people are more likely to get a severe infection:</p> <ul> <li>People who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">weakened immune systems</a>, for example from: <ul> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html">HIV</a></li> <li>Having had an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">organ transplant</a></li> <li>Taking medicines which weaken your immune system, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">steroids</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Infants</li> <li>Adults age 55 and over</li> </ul> <p>Severe histoplasmosis can develop into a long-term lung infection. It can also spread from the lungs to other parts of the body, such as the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). This is known as disseminated histoplasmosis.</p> <h3>How is histoplasmosis diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have histoplasmosis, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your symptoms and your medical and travel history</li> <li>Will do a physical exam</li> <li>Will likely order a blood, urine, or tissue test to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/fungal-culture-test/">look for signs of the fungus</a></li> <li>May order a chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a> of the lungs</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for histoplasmosis?</h3> <p>For some people, the symptoms of histoplasmosis will go away without treatment. But you will need treatment if you have severe histoplasmosis in the lungs, chronic histoplasmosis, or an infection that has spread to other parts of the body. That treatment would be with prescription antifungal medicines. In some cases, you may need to take the medicines for 3 months to 1 year.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Histoplasmosis Histoplasmosis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Fungal Infections Molds Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology <h3>¿Qué es la histoplasmosis?</h3> <p>La histoplasmosis es una infección causada por un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html">hongo</a> llamado <em>Histoplasma</em>. Este hongo es común en el centro y este de los Estados Unidos, especialmente alrededor de los valles de los ríos Ohio y Mississippi. También se puede encontrar en partes de América Central y del Sur, África, Asia y Australia. Vive en el medio ambiente, especialmente en suelos que contienen grandes cantidades de excrementos de murciélagos o pájaros.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se contrae la histoplasmosis?</h3> <p>Se contrae al respirar las esporas del hongo Histoplasma del aire. Por lo general, ocurre después de haber realizado una actividad que altera el suelo, como la agricultura, la construcción y el paisajismo. La histoplasmosis no es contagiosa, es decir, no se contrae la infección de otra persona o animal.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la histoplasmosis?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas que inhalan las esporas nunca presentan síntomas. Si hay síntomas, generalmente comienzan entre 3 y 17 días después de inhalar las esporas. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Escalofríos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor de pecho</a></li> <li>Dolor corporal</li> </ul> <p>Para la mayoría de las personas, los síntomas de la histoplasmosis desaparecen en unas pocas semanas o un mes. Sin embargo, otras pueden tener síntomas que duran más, especialmente si la infección se vuelve grave. Quienes tienen más probabilidades de contraer una infección grave incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistemas inmunitarios debilitados</a>, por ejemplo por: <ul> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a></li> <li>Haber tenido un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">trasplante de órgano</a></li> <li>Tomar medicamentos que debilitan el sistema inmunitario, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Bebés</li> <li>Adultos de 55 años o mayores</li> </ul> <p>La histoplasmosis grave puede convertirse en una infección pulmonar a largo plazo. También puede propagarse desde los pulmones a otras partes del cuerpo, como el sistema nervioso central (el cerebro y la médula espinal). Esto se conoce como histoplasmosis diseminada.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la histoplasmosis?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene histoplasmosis, su profesional de la salud médica:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntará sobre sus síntomas y su historia clínica y de viajes</li> <li>Realizará un examen físico</li> <li>Probablemente solicitará un análisis de sangre, orina o tejido para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-fungico/">buscar signos del hongo</a></li> <li>Puede solicitar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografía</a> de tórax o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> de los pulmones</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la histoplasmosis?</h3> <p>Para algunas personas, los síntomas de la histoplasmosis desaparecen sin tratamiento. Pero necesitará tratamiento si tiene histoplasmosis grave en los pulmones, histoplasmosis crónica o una infección que se ha extendido a otras partes del cuerpo. El tratamiento puede consistir en medicamentos antimicóticos recetados. En algunos casos, es posible que necesite tomarlos durante 3 meses a 1 año.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Histoplasmosis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones por hongos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Expedientes médicos Historia médica familiar Registros del paciente <p>Probablemente ha visto su historia clínica en el consultorio de su médico. De hecho, es posible que tenga varias historias clínicas en varios consultorios médicos. Si ha estado hospitalizado, también tiene una historia allí. Puede ser en papel o electrónico. Para poder seguirle el rastro a toda esta información, es una buena idea llevar sus propios registros de salud.</p> <p>¿Qué tipo de información podría poner en una historia clínica personal? Podría comenzar con:</p> <ul> <li> Su nombre, fecha de nacimiento, tipo de sangre y contacto de emergencia </li> <li> Fecha de su último examen físico </li> <li> Fechas y resultados de las pruebas y estudios </li> <li> Enfermedades más importantes y cirugías, con fechas </li> <li> Una lista de las medicinas que toma, sus dosis y durante cuánto tiempo las ha tomado </li> <li> Cualquier tipo de alergia </li> <li> Cualquier enfermedad crónica </li> <li> Cualquier antecedente de enfermedades en su familia </li> </ul> Asuntos sociales y familiares Sistemas de salud Asuntos personales de salud Personal Health Records Historia familiar Seguridad del paciente Confidencialidad Historia médica Paciente, Información privada del Registros del paciente Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>Su historia familiar incluye la información acerca de su salud y la de sus parientes cercanos. La historia familiar es un factor de riesgo importante para problemas como la insuficiencia cardiaca, derrame cerebral, diabetes y cáncer. Un factor de riesgo es cualquier cosa que aumente sus posibilidades de adquirir una enfermedad. El motivo por el cual la historia familiar puede ayudar a predecir el riesgo es que las familias comparten sus genes, así como otros factores que afectan la salud, como el ambiente, el estilo de vida y los hábitos. </p> <p>Tener un familiar con una enfermedad aumenta su riesgo, pero no significa que la tendrá. Conocer que usted corre este riesgo le da la oportunidad de disminuirlo siguiendo un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyliving.html">estilo de vida más sano</a> y sometiéndose a los exámenes necesarios. </p> <p>Puede empezar hablando con sus familiares sobre su salud. Haga un árbol genealógico y agréguele la información de salud. También es útil tener copias de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthrecords.html">registros</a> médicos y las actas de defunción.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Genética y defectos congénitos Bienestar y estilo de vida Family History Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Human immunodeficiency virus <h3>What is HIV?</h3> <p>HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. HIV harms your immune system by destroying a type of white blood cell that helps your body fight infection. This puts you at risk for other infections and diseases.</p> <h3>What is AIDS?</h3> <p>AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is the final stage of infection with HIV. It happens when the body's immune system is badly damaged because of the virus. Not everyone with HIV develops AIDS.</p> <h3>How does HIV spread?</h3> <p>HIV is spread through certain body fluids from a person who has HIV. This can happen:</p><ul> <li>By having unprotected vaginal or anal sex with a person who has HIV. "Unprotected" means not using condoms or medicine to treat or prevent HIV. This is the most common way that it spreads.</li> <li>By sharing drug needles.</li> <li>Through contact with the blood of a person with HIV.</li> <li>From mother to baby during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html">pregnancy</a>, childbirth, or breastfeeding.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for HIV infection?</h3> <p>Anyone can get HIV, but certain groups have a higher risk of getting it:</p> <ul> <li>People who have another <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infection</a> (STI). Having an STI can increase your risk of getting or spreading HIV.</li> <li>People who inject drugs with shared needles.</li> <li>Gay and bisexual men.</li> <li>Black/African Americans and Hispanic/Latino Americans. They make up a higher proportion of new HIV diagnoses and people with HIV, compared to other races and ethnicities.</li> <li>People who engage in risky sexual behaviors, such as not using condoms or medicine to prevent or treat HIV.</li> </ul> <p>Factors such as stigma, discrimination, income, education, and geographic region can also affect people's risk for HIV.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of HIV?</h3> <p>The first signs of HIV infection may be flu-like symptoms:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li>Chills</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">Rash</a></li> <li>Night sweats (heavy sweating during sleep)</li> <li>Muscle aches</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html">Sore throat</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Swollen lymph nodes</li> <li>Mouth ulcers</li> </ul> <p>These symptoms may come and go within two to four weeks. This stage is called acute HIV infection.</p> <p>If the infection is not treated, it becomes chronic HIV infection. Often, there are no symptoms during this stage. If it is not treated, eventually the virus will weaken your body's immune system. Then the infection will progress to AIDS. This is the late stage of HIV infection. Because your immune system is badly damaged, your body cannot fight off other infections, called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html">opportunistic infections</a> (OIs). OIs are infections that happen more frequently or are more severe in people who have weakened immune systems.</p> <p>Some people may not feel sick during the earlier stages of HIV infection. So the only way to know for sure whether you have HIV is to get tested.</p> <h3>How do I know if I have HIV?</h3> <p>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hiv-screening-test/">blood test</a> can tell if you have HIV infection. Your health care provider can do the test, or you can use a home testing kit. You can also use the <a href="https://gettested.cdc.gov/" target="_blank">CDC Testing Locator</a> to find free testing sites.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for HIV?</h3> <p>There is no cure for HIV infection, but it can be treated with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html">medicines</a>. This is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART can make HIV infection a manageable chronic condition. It also reduces the risk of spreading the virus to others.</p> <p>Most people with HIV live long and healthy lives if they get ART as soon as possible and stay on it. It's also important to take care of yourself. Making sure that you have the support you need, living a healthy lifestyle, and getting regular medical care can help you <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livingwithhiv.html">enjoy a better quality of life</a>.</p> <h3>Can HIV infection be prevented?</h3> <p>You can reduce the risk of getting or spreading HIV by:</p><ul> <li>Getting tested for HIV.</li> <li>Choosing less risky sexual behaviors. This includes limiting the number of sexual partners you have and using latex condoms every time you have sex. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms.</li> <li>Getting tested and treated for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).</li> <li>Not injecting drugs.</li> <li>Talking to your health care provider about <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html">medicines to prevent HIV</a>: <ul> <li>PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is for people who don't already have HIV but are at very high risk of getting it. PrEP is daily medicine that can reduce this risk.</li> <li>PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) is for people who have possibly been exposed to HIV. It is only for emergency situations. PEP must be started within 72 hours after a possible exposure to HIV.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institutes of Health</p> Infections Immune System VIH HIV Infections Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases HIV and Infections HIV and Pregnancy HIV in Women HIV Medicines HIV: PrEP and PEP Kaposi Sarcoma Living with HIV AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Human Immunodeficiency Virus Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Men Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Start Here National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Reference Desk HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Older Adults National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Living With National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Images VisualDX Diagnosis and Tests Food and Drug Administration Statistics and Research HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Symptoms HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues Immunization Action Coalition PDF Children Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Living With National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH AIDS-related opportunistic infections OIs <p>Having HIV/AIDS weakens your body's immune system. It destroys the white blood cells that fight infection. This puts you at risk for opportunistic infections (OIs). OIs are serious infections that take advantage of your weak immune system. These infections are less common and less severe in healthy people.</p> <p>There are many types of OIs:</p> <ul> <li>Bacterial infections, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html">tuberculosis</a> and a serious related disease, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mycobacterialinfections.html">Mycobacterium avium complex</a> (MAC)</li> <li>Viral infections, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cytomegalovirusinfections.html">cytomegalovirus</a> (CMV) and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html">hepatitis C</a></li> <li>Fungal infections, like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html">yeast infections</a>, cryptococcal meningitis, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumocystisinfections.html">pneumocystis carinii pneumonia</a> (PCP) and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/histoplasmosis.html">histoplasmosis</a></li> <li>Parasitic infections, such as crypto (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cryptosporidiosis.html">cryptosporidiosis</a>) and toxo (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toxoplasmosis.html">toxoplasmosis</a>)</li> </ul> <p>Having HIV/AIDS can make infections harder to treat. People with HIV/AIDS are also more likely to have complications from common illnesses such as the flu.</p> <p>You can help prevent infections by taking your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivaidsmedicines.html">HIV/AIDS medicines</a>. Other things that can help include practicing safe sex, washing your hands well and often, and cooking your food thoroughly.</p> Infections Immune System VIH y las infecciones AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Cryptosporidiosis Fungal Infections Genital Herpes Hepatitis C Herpes Simplex Histoplasmosis HIV HIV Medicines HIV: PrEP and PEP Living with HIV Pneumocystis Infections Toxoplasmosis Tuberculosis AIDS and Infections Opportunistic Infections in AIDS Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration PDF Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Reference Desk HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Specifics American College of Rheumatology Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Reference Desk HIV.gov NIH Related Issues National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <p>If you are pregnant or planning to get pregnant, it's important to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hiv-screening-test/">get tested for HIV</a> as soon as possible. If you find out that do have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>, you can start treatment right away to protect your health and the health of your baby.</p> <h3>If I have HIV, can I pass it on to my baby during pregnancy?</h3> <p>If you are pregnant and have HIV, there is a risk of passing HIV to your baby. It can happen in three ways:</p> <ul> <li>During pregnancy</li> <li>During childbirth, especially if it is vaginal childbirth</li> <li>During breastfeeding</li> </ul> <p>But having HIV doesn't mean that you can't have children. Treatment with a combination of HIV medicines can help prevent passing HIV to your baby and protect your own health.</p> <h3>If I have HIV, how can I prevent giving it to my baby?</h3> <p>There are several different steps you can take to help prevent passing HIV to your baby:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html">Taking HIV medicines</a></strong>. HIV medicines reduce the amount of HIV in the body (viral load) to a very low level. The goal is to get your viral load so low that a standard lab test can't detect it. This is called having an "undetectable viral load." Having an undetectable viral load is the best thing you can do to stay healthy and prevent your baby from getting HIV.<br/><br/> These medicines will also help protect your health. Most HIV medicines are safe to use during pregnancy. They don't usually raise the risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth defects</a>. But it is important to talk with your health care provider about the risks and benefits of the different medicines. Together you can decide which medicines are right for you. Then you need to make sure you take your medicines regularly.<br/><br/></li> <li><strong>If needed, having a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html">cesarean delivery</a>.</strong> If your viral load is not reduced enough by the medicines, having a cesarean delivery (C-Section) can help prevent passing HIV to your baby. <br/><br/></li> <li><strong> Giving HIV medicines to the baby.</strong> Your baby will get HIV medicines as soon as possible after birth. The medicines protect your baby from infection from any HIV that passed from you during childbirth. Which medicine your baby gets depends on several factors, including what your viral load was just before you gave birth. Your baby will need to take medicines for 4 to 6 weeks. He or she will get several HIV tests over the first few months.<br/><br/></li> <li><strong>Not breastfeeding.</strong> Breast milk can have HIV in it. In the United States, infant formula is safe and readily available. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that if you have HIV, you should feed your baby formula instead of breastfeeding.</li> </ul> <h3>What if I want to get pregnant and my partner has HIV?</h3> <p>If you are trying to get pregnant, it's important for your partner to also get tested for HIV. </p> <p>If your partner does have HIV and you do not, talk to your provider about taking <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html">PrEP</a>. PrEP stands for pre-exposure prophylaxis. This means taking medicines to prevent HIV. The PrEP helps to protect both you and your baby from HIV.</p> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Immune System Female Reproductive System VIH y el embarazo HIV Infections Pregnancy Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases HIV HIV and Infections HIV Medicines HIV: PrEP and PEP Living with HIV AIDS and Pregnancy Pregnancy and AIDS Pregnancy and HIV Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Find an Expert HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Journal Articles <h3>What is HIV?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It harms your immune system by destroying a type of white blood cell that helps your body fight infection. This puts you at risk for other infections and diseases.</p> <h3>How does HIV spread?</h3> <p>HIV can spread in different ways:</p> <ul> <li>By having unprotected vaginal or anal sex with a person who has HIV. "Unprotected" means not using condoms or medicine to treat or prevent HIV. This is the most common way it spreads. <ul> <li>Anal sex is the riskiest type of sex for getting or spreading HIV. The rectum's lining is thin and may allow HIV to enter the body during anal sex.</li> <li>During vaginal sex, HIV can enter the body through the delicate tissue that lines the vagina and cervix.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Rarely, through oral sex with a person who has HIV.</li> <li>By sharing drug needles.</li> <li>Through contact with the blood of a person who has HIV.</li> <li>From mother to baby during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html">pregnancy</a>, childbirth, or breastfeeding.</li> </ul> <h3>How does HIV affect women differently from men?</h3> <p>About one in four people in the United States who have HIV are women. Women who have HIV have some different problems from men:</p><ul> <li>Complications such as <ul> <li>Repeated <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html">vaginal yeast infections</a></li> <li>Severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html">pelvic inflammatory disease</a> (PID)</li> <li> A higher risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html">cervical cancer</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">Menstrual cycle problems</a></li> <li>A higher risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a></li> <li>A higher risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">heart disease</a>, especially <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attacks</a></li> <li>Entering <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">menopause</a> younger or having more severe hot flashes</li> </ul> </li><li>Different, sometimes more severe, side effects from the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html">medicines that treat HIV</a></li> <li>Drug interactions between some HIV medicines and hormonal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth control</a></li> <li>The risk of giving HIV to their baby while <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html">pregnancy</a> or during childbirth</li> </ul> <h3>Are there treatments for HIVS?</h3> <p>There is no cure, but there are many medicines to treat both HIV infection and the infections and cancers that come with it. People who get early treatment can<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livingwithhiv.html"> live longer and healthier lives</a>.</p> Women Immune System VIH en mujeres HIV Infections Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Japanese Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases HIV HIV and Pregnancy HIV Medicines HIV: PrEP and PEP Living with HIV AIDS in Women Find an Expert HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Diagnosis and Tests Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Find an Expert HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Journal Articles Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Antiretroviral therapy <h3>What is HIV?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It harms your immune system by destroying CD4 cells. These are a type of white blood cells that fight infection. The loss of these cells makes it hard for your body to fight off <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html">infections</a> and certain HIV-related cancers.</p> <p>Without treatment, HIV can gradually destroy the immune system and advance to AIDS. AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is the final stage of infection with HIV. Not everyone with HIV develops AIDS.</p> <h3>What is antiretroviral therapy (ART)?</h3> <p>The treatment of HIV with medicines is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). It involves taking a combination of medicines every day. ART is recommended for everyone who has HIV. The medicines do not cure HIV infection, but help people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. They also reduce the risk of spreading the virus to others.</p> <h3>How do HIV medicines work?</h3> <p>HIV medicines reduce the amount of HIV (viral load) in your body, which helps by:</p><ul> <li>Giving your immune system a chance to recover. Even though there is still some HIV in your body, your immune system should be strong enough to fight off infections and certain HIV-related cancers.</li> <li>Reducing the risk that you will spread HIV to others.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the types of HIV medicines?</h3> <p>There are many different types (called classes) of HIV medicines. Some work by blocking or changing enzymes that HIV needs to make copies of itself. This prevents HIV from copying itself, which reduces the amount of HIV in the body. Several types of medicines do this:</p><ul> <li><strong>Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)</strong> block an enzyme called reverse transcriptase</li> <li><strong>Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)</strong> bind to and later change reverse transcriptase</li> <li><strong>Integrase inhibitors</strong>, also called integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), block an enzyme called integrase</li> <li><strong>Protease inhibitors (PIs)</strong> block an enzyme called protease</li> </ul> <p>Some types of HIV medicines interfere with HIV's ability to infect CD4 immune system cells:</p><ul> <li><strong>Fusion inhibitors</strong> block HIV from entering the cells</li> <li><strong>CCR5 antagonists and post-attachment inhibitors</strong> block different molecules on the CD4 cells. To infect a cell, HIV has to bind to two types of molecules on the cell's surface. Blocking either of these molecules prevents HIV from entering the cells.</li> <li><strong>Attachment inhibitors</strong> bind to a specific protein on the outer surface of HIV. This prevents HIV from entering the cell.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Pharmacokinetic enhancers</strong> are another type of medicine. They are sometimes taken along with certain other HIV medicines. Pharmacokinetic enhancers increase the effectiveness of the other medicine. They work by slowing the breakdown of the other medicine. This allows that medicine to stay in the body longer at a higher concentration.</p> <p>There are also <strong>multidrug combinations</strong>, which include a combination of two or more different types of HIV medicines.</p> <h3>When do I need to start taking HIV medicines?</h3> <p>It's important to start taking HIV medicines as soon as possible after your diagnosis, especially if you:</p><ul> <li>Are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html">pregnant</a></li> <li>Have AIDS</li> <li>Have certain HIV-related illnesses and infections</li> <li>Have an early HIV infection (the first 6 months after infection with HIV)</li> </ul> <h3>What else do I need to know about taking HIV medicines?</h3> <p>You and your health care provider will work together to come up with a personal treatment plan. This plan will be based on many factors, including:</p> <ul> <li>The possible side effects of HIV medicines</li> <li>Potential <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">drug interactions</a> with any other medicines you take</li> <li>How many medicines you will need to take every day</li> <li>Any other health problems you may have</li> </ul> <p>It's important to take your medicines every day, according to the instructions from your provider. If you miss doses or don't follow a regular schedule, your treatment may not work, and the HIV virus may become resistant to the medicines.</p> <p>HIV medicines can cause side effects. Most of these side effects are manageable, but a few can be serious. Tell your provider about any side effects that you are having. Don't stop taking your medicine without first talking to your provider. There may be steps you can take to help manage the side effects. In some cases, your provider may decide to change your medicines.</p> <h3>What are HIV PrEP and PEP medicines?</h3> <p>HIV medicines are not just used for treatment. Some people take them to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivprepandpep.html">prevent HIV</a>. PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is for people who don't already have HIV but are at very high risk of getting it. PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) is for people who have possibly been exposed to HIV.</p> <p class="">NIH: Office of AIDS Research</p> Immune System Drug Therapy Medicinas para el VIH HIV Infections drug therapy Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Anti-HIV Agents Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases HIV HIV: PrEP and PEP AIDS Medicines Find an Expert HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Learn More National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases PDF NIH Start Here Patient Handouts National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Start Here National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Reference Desk HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Find an Expert HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Reference Desk HIV.gov NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis <h3>What are PrEP and PEP?</h3> <p>PrEP and PEP are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html">medicines</a> to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>. Each type is used in a different situation:</p><ul> <li><strong>PrEP</strong> stands for pre-exposure prophylaxis. It is for people who don't already have HIV but are at risk of getting it. PrEP is medicine that can reduce this risk. It can either be a pill that you take every day or an injection that you get every two months. With PrEP, if you do get exposed to HIV, the medicine can stop HIV from taking hold and spreading throughout your body.</li> <li><strong>PEP</strong> stands for post-exposure prophylaxis. PEP is for people who have possibly been exposed to HIV. It is only for emergency situations. PEP must be started within 72 hours after a possible exposure to HIV.</li> </ul> <h2>PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)</h2> <h3>Who should consider taking PrEP?</h3> <p>PrEP can help protect you if you don't have HIV and any of these applies to you:</p> <ul> <li><strong>You have had anal or vaginal sex</strong> in the past 6 months and: <ul> <li>Have a sexual partner with HIV,</li> <li>Have not consistently used a condom, <strong>OR</strong></li> <li>Have been diagnosed with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infection</a> (STI) in the past 6 months</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>You inject drugs</strong> and: <ul> <li>Share needles or other equipment to inject drugs <strong>OR</strong></li> <li>Have an injection partner with HIV</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>You have been prescribed PEP</strong> and: <ul> <li>Continue engaging in high-risk behaviors <strong>OR</strong></li> <li>Have used multiple courses of PEP</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>If you have a partner who is HIV-positive and are considering getting pregnant, talk to your health care provider about PrEP. Taking it may help protect you and your baby from getting HIV infection while you try to get pregnant, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html">during pregnancy</a>, or while breastfeeding.</p> <h3>How well does PrEP work?</h3> <p>PrEP is very effective when you take it consistently. It reduces the risk of getting HIV from sex by about 99%. In people who inject drugs, it reduces the risk of HIV by at least 74%. PrEP is much less effective if you do not take it consistently.</p> <p>PrEP does not protect against other STIs, so you should still use latex condoms every time you have sex. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms.</p> <p>You must have an HIV test every 3 months while taking PrEP, so you'll have regular follow-up visits with your provider. If you are having trouble taking PrEP every day or if you want to stop taking PrEP, talk to your provider.</p> <h3>Does PrEP cause side effects?</h3> <p>Some people taking PrEP may have side effects, like nausea. The side effects are usually not serious and often get better over time. If you are taking PrEP, tell your provider if you have a side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.</p> <h2>PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis)</h2> <h3>Who should consider taking PEP?</h3> <p>If you are HIV-negative and you think you may have been recently exposed to HIV, contact your health care provider immediately or go to an emergency room right away.</p> <p>You may be prescribed PEP if you are HIV negative or don't know your HIV status, and in the last 72 hours you may have been exposed to HIV:</p><ul> <li>During sex, for example if a condom broke during sex with someone who could have HIV,</li> <li>Through the sharing of needles or drug preparation equipment, <strong>OR</strong></li> <li>Through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html">sexual assault</a></li> </ul> <p>Your provider or emergency room doctor will help to decide whether PEP is right for you.</p> <p>PEP may also be given to a health care worker after a possible exposure to HIV at work, for example, from a needlestick injury.</p> <h3>When should I start PEP and how long do I need to take it?</h3> <p>PEP must be started within 72 hours (3 days) after a possible exposure to HIV. The sooner you start it, the better; every hour counts.</p> <p>You need to take the PEP medicines every day for 28 days. You will have to see your provider at certain times during and after taking the PEP, so you can have an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hiv-screening-test/">HIV screening test</a> and other testing.</p> <h3>Does PEP cause side effects?</h3> <p>Some people taking PEP may have side effects, like nausea. The side effects are usually not serious and often get better over time. If you are taking PEP, tell your provider if you have a side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.</p> <p>PEP medicines may also interact with other medicines that a person is taking (called a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">drug interaction</a>). So it's important to tell your provider about any other medicines that you take.</p> <h3>Can I take PEP every time I have unprotected sex?</h3> <p>PEP is only for emergency situations. It is not the right choice for people who may be exposed to HIV frequently - for example, if you often have sex without a condom with a partner who is HIV-positive. In that case, you should talk to your health care provider about whether PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) would be right for you.</p> Infections Immune System Drug Therapy VIH: PrEP y PEP Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases HIV HIV Medicines PEP PrEP Specifics Greater Than AIDS Video Women Black AIDS Institute Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Reference Desk HIV.gov NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Start Here HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF In English and Spanish Women The Well Project Find an Expert PleasePrEPMe Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Infographic Journal Articles Start Here National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Urticaria <p>Hives are red and sometimes itchy bumps on your skin. An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">allergic reaction</a> to a drug or food usually causes them. Allergic reactions cause your body to release chemicals that can make your skin swell up in hives. People who have other allergies are more likely to get hives than other people. Other causes include infections and stress.</p> <p>Hives are very common. They usually go away on their own, but if you have a serious case, you might need medicine or a shot. In rare cases, hives can cause a dangerous swelling in your airways, making it hard to breathe - which is a medical emergency.</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Immune System Symptoms Urticaria Urticaria Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Allergy Urticaria Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Children American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here VisualDX Children VisualDX Start Here Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Test Your Knowledge American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Hodgkin Disease <h3>What is Hodgkin lymphoma? </h3> <p>Hodgkin lymphoma, also called Hodgkin disease, is a type of cancer that develops in the lymph system. Your lymph system is part of your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a>. It helps protect your body from infection and disease.</p> <p>The lymph system is made up of tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells. It includes your:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html">Bone marrow</a></li> <li>Lymph nodes</li> <li>Lymphatic vessels</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spleendiseases.html">Spleen</a></li> <li>Thymus</li> <li>Tonsils</li> </ul> <p>Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the main types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphoma.html">lymphoma</a>. The other is non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Each type starts in different types of white blood cells.</p> <h3>What causes Hodgkin lymphoma?</h3> <p>The cause of Hodgkin lymphoma is unknown. But there are certain people who are at higher risk of developing it.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop Hodgkin lymphoma?</h3> <p>Certain factors can make you more likely to develop Hodgkin lymphoma:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Age.</strong> Hodgkin lymphoma is most common in early adulthood (age 20-39 years) and in late adulthood (age 65 years and older).</li> <li><strong>Being male.</strong> The risk of adult Hodgkin lymphoma is slightly higher in males than in females.</li> <li><strong>Past Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection.</strong> Having an infection with EBV as a young child or teenager increases your risk of Hodgkin lymphoma.</li> <li><strong>A family history of Hodgkin lymphoma.</strong> Having a parent or sibling with Hodgkin lymphoma increases your risk of developing it.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma?</h3> <p>The signs and symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma may include:</p> <ul> <li>Painless, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, or groin</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a> for no known reason</li> <li>Drenching night sweats (very heavy sweating during sleep)</li> <li>Weight loss for no known reason in the past 6 months</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/itching.html">Itchy</a> skin, especially after bathing or drinking alcohol</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have Hodgkin lymphoma, your provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your symptoms and medical history. This will include checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual.</li> <li>May order some lab tests, such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">Complete blood count</a></li> <li>Blood chemistry studies</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lactate-dehydrogenase-ldh-isoenzymes-test/">Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/">Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test</a></li> <li>Blood tests to rule out other medical conditions</li> <li>May do <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a> such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pet-scan/">PET</a> (positron emission tomography) scans</li> <li>May do a lymph node <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for Hodgkin lymphoma?</h3> <p>Treatments for Hodgkin lymphoma include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a></li> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Cancer immunotherapy</a></li> </ul> <p>Hodgkin lymphoma can usually be cured if it is found and treated early.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Immune System Linfoma de Hodgkin Hodgkin Disease Spanish National Cancer Institute Lymphoma Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Find an Expert Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert Lymphoma Research Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Lymphoma Research Foundation Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Dislocación del hombro Luxación del hombro <h3>¿Qué es un hombro dislocado?</h3> <p>La articulación del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html">hombro</a> está formada por tres huesos: la clavícula, el omóplato y el húmero (el hueso superior del brazo). La parte superior del húmero tiene forma de bola. Esta bola va adentro del hueco que forma el omóplato. Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html">dislocación</a> del hombro es una lesión que ocurre cuando la bola se sale de su sitio. Una dislocación puede ser parcial, cuando la bola sale en parte fuera de la cavidad; o puede ser una dislocación total, cuando la bola sale completamente de su sitio.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa un hombro dislocado?</h3> <p>Su hombro es la articulación con el mayor rango de movimiento de su cuerpo. También es la articulación que sufre más dislocaciones.</p> <p>Las causas más comunes de dislocaciones del hombro son:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">Lesiones deportivas</a></li> <li>Accidentes, incluidos los accidentes de tráfico</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">Caerse</a> sobre su hombro o brazo extendido</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">Convulsiones</a> y descargas eléctricas, que pueden causar contracciones musculares que sacan el brazo de su lugar</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener un hombro dislocado?</h3> <p>Cualquiera puede sufrir una dislocación del hombro, pero son más comunes en hombres jóvenes, en quienes hacen más deportes o realizan otras actividades físicas. Las personas mayores, especialmente las mujeres, también corren un mayor riesgo porque es más probable que sufran caídas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un hombro dislocado?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la dislocación del hombro incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor severo de hombro </li> <li>Hinchazón y moretones en el hombro o la parte superior del brazo</li> <li>Entumecimiento y/o debilidad en su brazo, cuello, mano o dedos</li> <li>Problemas para mover su brazo</li> <li>Su brazo parece estar fuera de lugar</li> <li>Espasmos musculares en su hombro</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene estos síntomas, busque tratamiento médico de inmediato.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica un hombro dislocado?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor de atención médica le preguntará su historia médica y examinará su hombro. Su proveedor también puede pedirle que se haga una radiografía para confirmar el diagnóstico.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es el tratamiento para un hombro dislocado?</h3> <p>En general, el tratamiento para la dislocación del hombro incluye tres pasos:</p> <ul> <li>El primer paso es una <strong>reducción cerrada</strong>, en donde su proveedor de atención médica vuelve a colocar la bola de su brazo superior en la cavidad del hombro. Antes de este procedimiento, le pueden dar medicamentos para aliviar el dolor y relajar los músculos del hombro. Una vez que la articulación está nuevamente en su lugar, el dolor fuerte debe terminar</li> <li>El segundo paso es usar un <strong>cabestrillo</strong> u otro dispositivo para mantener el hombro en su lugar. Lo usará durante algunos días o varias semanas</li> <li>El tercer paso es la <strong>rehabilitación</strong>, una vez que el dolor y la inflamación terminen. Le darán ejercicios para mejorar su rango de movimiento y fortalecer los músculos</li> </ul> <p>Puede necesitar cirugía si lesiona los tejidos o los nervios alrededor del hombro o si tiene luxaciones repetidas.</p> <p>Una dislocación puede hacer que su hombro sea inestable. Cuando es así, pude dislocarse más fácilmente. Esto significa que hay un mayor riesgo de que vuelva a ocurrir. Su proveedor de atención médica puede pedirle que continúe haciendo algunos ejercicios para evitar otra dislocación.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Dislocated Shoulder Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica In-home care <p>Home care is care that allows a person with special needs to stay in their home. It might be for people who are getting older (aging in place). It could also be for people who are chronically ill, recovering from surgery, or&nbsp;<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">have a disability</a>. Home care services include:</p><ul> <li>Personal care, such as help with bathing, washing your hair, or getting dressed</li> <li>Household chores, such as cleaning, yard work, and laundry</li> <li>Cooking for you in your home or delivering meals to you</li> <li>Money management, such as help filling out forms and making sure that your bills are paid on time</li> <li>Health care, such as having a home health aide come to your home or getting care from your provider through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html">telehealth</a></li> </ul> <p>You can get almost any type of help you want in your home. You have to pay for many of them. But some types of care and community services are free or donated. Sometimes government programs or your health insurance will help cover the cost of certain home care services.</p> <p. class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging<p></p></p.> Older Adults Health System Servicios de atención médica a domicilio Home Care Services Spanish Assisted Living Caregivers Telehealth Day Care In-home Care Related Issues Administration for Community Living Related Issues National Adult Day Services Association PDF Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Administration for Community Living Start Here AGS Health in Aging Foundation Patient Handouts Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Administration for Community Living Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Find an Expert Meals on Wheels Association of America Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Journal Articles Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH <h3>What are the causes of homelessness?</h3> <p>Each night, hundreds of thousands of people experience homelessness in the United States. Some of these people experience chronic homelessness, while others have temporarily lost their shelter. The reasons why they are homelessness are complex. They can include a combination of factors such as:</p><ul> <li>Poverty</li> <li>Unemployment</li> <li>Lack of affordable housing</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">Mental</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">substance use disorders</a></li> <li>Trauma and violence</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intimatepartnerviolence.html">Intimate partner violence</a></li> <li>Justice-system involvement</li> <li>Sudden serious illness</li> <li>Divorce</li> <li>Death of a partner or parent</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">Disabilities</a></li> </ul> <h3>What is the link between homelessness and health?</h3> <p>Poor health can contribute to homelessness. And being homeless can contribute to poor health. Many of the problems that people experiencing homelessness face can make their health worse, including:</p><ul> <li>Limited access to health care</li> <li>Problems getting enough food</li> <li>Trouble staying safe</li> <li>Violence</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">Stress</a></li> <li>Unsanitary living conditions</li> <li>Exposure to severe weather</li> </ul> <h3>What are some of the common health problems that people experiencing homelessness have?</h3> <p>Some of the common health problems that people experiencing homelessness may have include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">Lung diseases</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutebronchitis.html">bronchitis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html">tuberculosis</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html">Malnutrition</a></li> <li>Mental health problems</li> <li>Substance use problems</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html">Wounds</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html">skin infections</a></li> </ul> <p>Many people experiencing homelessness are dealing with trauma. They may have been abused or assaulted. This includes children, who are at risk for emotional and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childbehaviordisorders.html">behavioral problems</a>.</p> <p>Contact your local homelessness assistance agency to get the help you need, such as access to shelters, health centers, and free meals.</p> Social/Family Issues Personas sin hogar y la salud Ill-Housed Persons Spanish Veterans and Military Health Runaways Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Department of Housing and Urban Development Find an Expert Health Resources and Services Administration Journal Articles Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs <p>Las hormonas son los mensajeros químicos del cuerpo. Viajan a través del torrente sanguíneo hacia los tejidos y órganos. Surten su efecto lentamente y, con el tiempo, afectan muchos procesos distintos, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li> Crecimiento y desarrollo</li> <li>Metabolismo: cómo el cuerpo obtiene la energía de los alimentos que usted consume </li> <li> Función sexual </li> <li> Reproducción </li> <li> Estado de ánimo </li> </ul> <p>Las glándulas endocrinas, que son grupos especiales de células, producen las hormonas. Las principales glándulas endocrinas son la pituitaria, la glándula pineal, el timo, la tiroides, las glándulas suprarrenales y el páncreas. Además de lo anterior, los hombres producen hormonas en los testículos y las mujeres en los ovarios. </p> <p>Las hormonas son potentes. Se necesita solamente una cantidad mínima para provocar grandes cambios en las células o inclusive en todo el cuerpo. Es por ello que el exceso o la falta de una hormona específica puede ser serio. Las pruebas de laboratorio pueden medir los niveles hormonales con análisis de la sangre, la orina o la saliva. Su médico puede indicar estos exámenes si tiene síntomas de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html">trastorno hormonal</a>. Las pruebas caseras de embarazo son similares - evalúan las hormonas del embarazo en la orina.</p> Sistema endocrino Hormones Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades del sistema endocrino Esteroides anabólicos Menopausia Terapia de reemplazo hormonal Trastornos de crecimiento Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Spanish/Español Mujeres Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Hombres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría ERT Estrogen replacement therapy HRT Menopausal hormone therapy <p> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">Menopause</a> is the time in a woman's life when her period stops. It is a normal part of aging. In the years before and during menopause, the levels of female hormones can go up and down. This can cause symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, pain during sex, and vaginal dryness. For some women, the symptoms are mild, and they go away on their own. Other women take hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also called menopausal hormone therapy, to relieve these symptoms. HRT may also protect against <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>. </p> <p>HRT is not for everyone. You should not use HRT if you:</p><ul> <li>Think that you are pregnant</li> <li>Have problems with vaginal bleeding</li> <li>Have had certain kinds of cancers</li> <li>Have had a stroke or heart attack</li> <li>Have had blood clots</li> <li>Have liver disease</li> </ul> <p>There are different types of HRT. Some have only one hormone, while others have two. Most are pills that you take every day, but there are also skin patches, vaginal creams, gels, and rings.</p> <p>Taking HRT has some risks. For some women, hormone therapy may increase their chances of getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clots</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attacks</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">strokes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html">breast cancer</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gallbladderdiseases.html">gallbladder disease</a>. Certain types of HRT have a higher risk, and each woman's own risks can vary, depending upon her medical history and lifestyle. You and your health care provider need to discuss the risks and benefits for you. If you do decide to take HRT, it should be the lowest dose that helps and for the shortest time needed. You should check if you still need to take HRT every 3-6 months.</p> <p class="">Food and Drug Administration</p> Women Endocrine System Drug Therapy Female Reproductive System Terapia de reemplazo hormonal Hormone Replacement Therapy Spanish National Institute on Aging Menopause ERT Estrogen Replacement Therapy HRT Menopausal Hormone Therapy Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Find an Expert Endocrine Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here Food and Drug Administration PDF Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Hormones are your body's chemical messengers. They travel in your bloodstream to tissues or organs. They work slowly, over time, and affect many different processes, including:</p><ul> <li>Growth and development</li> <li>Metabolism - how your body gets energy from the foods you eat</li> <li> Sexual function</li> <li> Reproduction</li> <li> Mood</li> </ul> <p>Endocrine glands, which are special groups of cells, make hormones. The major endocrine glands are the pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas. In addition, men produce hormones in their testes and women produce them in their ovaries. </p> <p>Hormones are powerful. It takes only a tiny amount to cause big changes in cells or even your whole body. That is why too much or too little of a certain hormone can be serious. Laboratory tests can measure the hormone levels in your blood, urine, or saliva. Your health care provider may perform these tests if you have symptoms of a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html">hormone disorder</a>. Home pregnancy tests are similar - they test for pregnancy hormones in your urine.</p> Endocrine System Hormonas Hormones Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Anabolic Steroids Endocrine Diseases Growth Disorders Hormone Replacement Therapy Menopause Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Endocrine Society Related Issues National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Endocrine Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women Endocrine Society PDF Older Adults Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Men Endocrine Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Women National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Endocrine Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Women National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Children Nemours Foundation End-of-life care <p>Hospice care is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoflifeissues.html">end-of-life</a> care. A team of health care professionals and volunteers provides it. They give medical, psychological, and spiritual support. The goal of the care is to help people who are dying have peace, comfort, and dignity. The caregivers try to control pain and other symptoms so a person can remain as alert and comfortable as possible. Hospice programs also provide services to support a patient's family. </p> <p>Usually, a hospice patient is expected to live 6 months or less. Hospice care can take place:</p><ul> <li>At home</li> <li>At a hospice center</li> <li>In a hospital</li> <li>In a skilled nursing facility</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Health System Cuidados de hospicio Hospices Spanish National Cancer Institute End of Life Issues Home Care Services Palliative Care End of Life Care Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert National Alliance for Care at Home Related Issues Joint Commission PDF Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Administration for Community Living Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Alliance for Care at Home Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH <p>The products you use for cleaning, carpentry, auto repair, gardening, and many other household uses can contain ingredients that can harm you, your family, and the environment. These include :</p><ul> <li>Oven and drain cleaners</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">Cleaning and disinfecting products</a>, including bleach and antibacterial cleaners</li> <li>Laundry powder</li> <li>Floor polish</li> <li>Paint thinners, strippers, and removers</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html">Pesticides</a></li> <li>Grease and rust removers</li> <li>Motor oil and fuel additives</li> <li>Arts and crafts supplies</li> </ul> <p>Toxic substances in these products can cause harm if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin. People respond to toxic substances in different ways. At high doses, a toxic substance might cause birth defects or other serious problems, including brain damage or death.</p> <p>To avoid problems, keep products in the containers they come in and use them exactly as the label says. Follow label directions or get medical help if you swallow or inhale them or get them on your skin.</p> <p class="">Environmental Protection Agency</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Safety Issues Envenenamiento con productos del hogar Household Products Spanish National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Child Safety Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Sanitizing Cosmetics Indoor Air Pollution Pesticides Poisoning Cleaning Products Poisons in the Home Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Red Cross Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Environmental Protection Agency Find an Expert Health Resources and Services Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Department of Homeland Security Prevention and Risk Factors American Veterinary Medical Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency PDF Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research Safe Kids Worldwide Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency PDF Related Issues Consumer Product Safety Commission Related Issues Consumer Product Safety Commission Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Nemours Foundation Specifics Consumer Product Safety Commission PDF <p>Regular exercise is one of the best things you can do for your health. It has many <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html">benefits</a>. It can improve your overall health and fitness and reduce your risk for many chronic diseases.To get the most benefit, here's how much physical activity you should get:</p> <h3>For adults:</h3> <p><strong>Get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity each week. Or you could do a combination of the two.</strong>:</p><ul> <li>Try to spread your physical activity out over several days of the week. That's better than trying to do it all in one or two days.</li> <li>Some days you may not have long blocks of time to do physical activity. You can try splitting it up into segments of ten minutes or more.</li> <li>Aerobic activities include walking fast, jogging, swimming, and biking</li> <li>Moderate intensity means that while you are doing that activity, you should be able to say a few words in a row but not sing</li> <li>Vigorous intensity means that while you are doing that activity, you won't be able to say more than a few words without stopping for a breath</li> </ul> <p><strong>Also, do strengthening activities twice per week.</strong>:</p><ul> <li>Strengthening activities include lifting weights, working with exercise bands, and doing sit-ups and pushups</li> <li>Choose activities that work all the different parts of the body - your legs, hips, back, chest, stomach, shoulders, and arms. You should repeat exercises for each muscle group 8 to 12 times per session.</li> </ul> <h3>For preschool-aged children (ages 3-5):</h3> <p><strong>Preschool children should be physically active throughout the day, to help with their growth and development.</strong></p> <p>They should get both structured and unstructured active play. Structured play has a goal and is directed by an adult. Examples include playing a sport or a game. Unstructured play is creative free play, such as playing on a playground.</p> <h3>For children and teens:</h3> <p><strong>Get 60 minutes or more of physical activity every day. Most of it should be moderate-intensity aerobic activity.</strong>:</p><ul> <li>Activities should vary and be a good fit for the child's age and physical development</li> <li>Moderate-intensity aerobic activities include walking, running, skipping, playing on the playground, playing basketball, and biking</li> </ul> <p><strong>Also, try to get each of these at least 3 days a week: vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, muscle-strengthening activity, and bone-strengthening activity.</strong>:</p><ul> <li>Vigorous-intensity aerobic activities include running, doing jumping jacks, and fast swimming</li> <li>Muscle-strengthening activities include playing on playground equipment, playing tug-of-war, and doing pushups and pull-ups</li> <li>Bone-strengthening activities include hopping, skipping, doing jumping jacks, playing volleyball, and working with resistance bands</li> </ul> <h3>For older adults, pregnant women, and people with chronic health problems:</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html">Older adults</a>, pregnant women, and people who have special health needs should check with their health care provider on how much physical activity they should get and what types of activities they should do.</p> <h3>Exercise tips:</h3> <p>People who are trying to lose weight may need to get more physical activity. They also need to adjust their diet, so they are burning more calories than they eat and drink.</p> <p>If you have been inactive, you may need to start slowly. You can keep adding more gradually. The more you can do, the better. But try not to feel overwhelmed, and do what you can. Getting some physical activity is always better than getting none. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Wellness and Lifestyle Fitness and Exercise ¿Cuánto ejercicio debo hacer? Physical Fitness Spanish Exercise and Physical Fitness Exercise for Children Exercise for Older Adults Sports Fitness Exercise: How Much? Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Cancer Society Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Learn More Department of Health and Human Services PDF NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Learn More Department of Health and Human Services Boost Emotional Wellness Improve Emotional Health Stay Positive <h3>What is mental health?</h3> <p>Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act as we cope with life. It also helps determine how we handle <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html">childhood</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html">adolescence</a> through adulthood and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html">aging</a>.</p> <h3>Why is mental health important?</h3> <p>Mental health is important because it can help you to:</p><ul> <li>Cope with the stresses of life</li> <li>Be physically healthy</li> <li>Have good relationships</li> <li>Make meaningful contributions to your community</li> <li>Work productively</li> <li>Realize your full potential</li> </ul> <h3>How can I improve my mental health?</h3> <p>There are many different things you can do to improve your mental health, including:</p><ul> <li><strong>Staying positive.</strong> It's important to try to have a positive outlook; some ways to do that include: <ul> <li>Finding balance between positive and negative emotions. Staying positive doesn't mean that you never feel negative emotions, such as sadness or anger. You need to feel them so that you can move through difficult situations. They can help you to respond to a problem. But you don't want those emotions to take over. For example, it's not helpful to keep thinking about bad things that happened in the past or worry too much about the future.</li> <li>Trying to hold on to the positive emotions when you have them</li> <li>Taking a break from negative information. Know when to stop watching or reading the news. Use social media to reach out for support and feel connected to others but be careful. Don't fall for rumors, get into arguments, or negatively compare your life to others.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Practicing gratitude</strong>, which means being thankful for the good things in your life. It's helpful to do this every day, either by thinking about what you are grateful for or writing it down in a journal. These can be big things, such as the support you have from loved ones, or little things, such as enjoying a nice meal. It's important to allow yourself a moment to enjoy that you had the positive experience. Practicing gratitude can help you to see your life differently. For example, when you are stressed, you may not notice that there are also moments when you have some positive emotions. Gratitude can help you to recognize them.</li> <li><strong>Taking care of your physical health</strong>, since your physical and mental health are connected. Some ways to take care of your physical health include: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">Being physically active</a>. Exercise can reduce feelings of stress and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> and improve your mood.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">Getting enough sleep</a>. Sleep affects your mood. If you don't get a good sleep, you may become more easily annoyed and angry. Over the long term, a lack of quality sleep can make you more likely to become depressed. So it's important to make sure that you have a regular sleep schedule and get enough quality sleep every night.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html">Healthy eating</a>. Good nutrition will help you feel better physically but could also improve your mood and decrease <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a> and stress. Also, not having enough of certain nutrients may contribute to some mental illnesses. For example, there may be a link between low levels of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html">vitamin B12</a> and depression. Eating a well-balanced diet can help you to get enough of the nutrients you need.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Connecting with others.</strong> Humans are social creatures, and it's important to have strong, healthy relationships with others. Having good social support may help protect you against the harms of stress. It is also good to have different types of connections. Besides connecting with family and friends, you could find ways to get involved with your community or neighborhood. For example, you could volunteer for a local organization or join a group that is focused on a hobby you enjoy.</li> <li><strong>Developing a sense of meaning and purpose in life.</strong> This could be through your job, volunteering, learning new skills, or exploring your spirituality.</li> <li><strong>Developing coping skills</strong>, which are methods you use to deal with stressful situations. They may help you face a problem, take action, be flexible, and not easily give up in solving it.</li> <li><strong>Meditation</strong>, which is a mind and body practice where you learn to focus your attention and awareness. There are many types, including mindfulness meditation and transcendental meditation. Meditation usually involves: <ul> <li>A quiet location with as few distractions as possible</li> <li>A specific, comfortable posture. This could be sitting, lying down, walking, or another position.</li> <li>A focus of attention, such as a specially chosen word or set of words, an object, or your breathing</li> <li>An open attitude, where you try to let distractions come and go naturally without judging them</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Relaxation techniques</strong> are practices you do to produce your body's natural relaxation response. This slows down your breathing, lowers your blood pressure, and reduces muscle tension and stress. Types of relaxation techniques include: <ul> <li>Progressive relaxation, where you tighten and relax different muscle groups, sometimes while using mental imagery or breathing exercises</li> <li>Guided imagery, where you learn to focus on positive images in your mind, to help you feel more relaxed and focused</li> <li>Biofeedback, where you use electronic devices to learn to control certain body functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and muscle tension</li> <li>Self-hypnosis, where the goal is to get yourself into a relaxed, trance-like state when you hear a certain suggestion or see a specific cue</li> <li>Deep breathing exercises, which involve focusing on taking slow, deep, even breaths</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>It's also important to recognize when you need to get help. Talk therapy and/or medicines can treat <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental disorders</a>. If you don't know where to get treatment, start by contacting your primary care provider.</p> Mental Health and Behavior Cómo mejorar la salud mental Mental Health Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Mental Health Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Mental Health America Find an Expert American Psychiatric Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Mental Health Video NIH Specifics Mental Health America Specifics Mental Health America Specifics Mental Health America Specifics Mental Health America Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mental Health America Treatments and Therapies Mental Health America Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mental Health America Start Here Mental Health America Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mental Health America Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Specifics Mental Health America Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH <h3>What is cholesterol?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">Cholesterol</a> is a waxy, fat-like substance that that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But if you have too much of it in your blood, it can stick to the walls of your arteries and narrow or even block them. This puts you at risk for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a> and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart diseases</a>.</p> <p>Cholesterol is made by your liver. It travels through the blood on proteins called lipoproteins. One type of lipoprotein, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL</a>, is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol. A high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries. Another type, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL</a>, is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol. It carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Then your liver removes the cholesterol from your body.</p> <p>There are steps that you can take to lower your LDL (bad) cholesterol and raise your HDL (good) cholesterol. By keeping your cholesterol levels <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">in range</a>, you can lower your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">risk of heart diseases</a>.</p> <h3>What are the main treatments for high cholesterol?</h3> <p>The main treatments for high cholesterol are lifestyle changes and medicines.</p> <h4>Lifestyle changes to lower cholesterol</h4> <p>Heart-healthy lifestyle changes that can help you lower or control your cholesterol include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Heart-healthy eating.</strong> A heart-healthy eating plan limits the amount of saturated and trans <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fats</a> that you eat. It recommends that you eat and drink only enough calories to stay at a healthy weight and avoid weight gain. It also encourages you to choose a variety of nutritious foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats. Examples of eating plans that can lower your cholesterol include the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html">Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet</a> and the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html">DASH eating plan</a>. </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Aiming for a healthy weight</a>.</strong> If you are overweight or have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>, losing weight can help lower your LDL cholesterol and raise your HDL cholesterol. This is especially important for people with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html">metabolic syndrome</a>. Metabolic syndrome is a group of conditions that together raise your risk of heart diseases and other health problems.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Getting regular physical activity</a>.</strong> Studies have shown that physical activity can lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and raise your HDL cholesterol. Before you start an exercise program, ask your health care provider what level of physical activity is right for you.</li> <li><strong>Managing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>.</strong> Research has shown that chronic stress can sometimes raise your LDL cholesterol and lower your HDL cholesterol.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">Quitting smoking</a>.</strong> Quitting smoking can raise your HDL cholesterol. Since HDL helps to remove LDL cholesterol from your arteries, having more HDL can help to lower your LDL cholesterol.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">Getting enough good-quality sleep</a>.</strong> Getting 7 to 9 hours of sleep every night lowers your risk of high LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol levels.</li> </ul> <h4>Medicines to lower cholesterol</h4> <p>For some people, making lifestyle changes alone does not their lower cholesterol enough. They may also need to take <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">cholesterol medicines</a>. There are several types. They work in different ways and can have different <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">side effects</a>. If your provider recommends that you take cholesterol medicines, ask them which medicine would be right for you.</p> <p>Even if you take medicines to lower your cholesterol, you still need to continue with lifestyle changes.</p> <h3>What are some other possible treatments for high cholesterol?</h3> <p>Some other possible treatments for high cholesterol may include:</p> <h4>Lipoprotein apheresis to lower cholesterol</h4> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-hypercholesterolemia/">Familial hypercholesterolemia</a> (FH) is an inherited condition that causes very high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Some people who have FH may get a treatment called lipoprotein apheresis. This treatment uses a filtering machine to remove LDL cholesterol from your blood. Then the machine returns the rest of your blood back to your body.</p> <h4>Supplements to lower cholesterol</h4> <p>Many companies sell supplements that they say can lower cholesterol. For many of these supplements, there isn't enough evidence to show that they can lower cholesterol levels. But for some supplements, research has found that they have cholesterol-lowering effects. For example:</p> <ul> <li>Plant stanols and sterols supplements, when taken with meals, can reduce cholesterol levels.</li> <li>Some soy products have a small cholesterol-lowering effect. But research has found that eating soy foods gives you more of a benefit than taking supplements.</li> <li>Whole flaxseed and flaxseed lignans may help to lower cholesterol levels. However, flaxseed oil does not.</li> <li>Garlic supplements may lower cholesterol levels, but the effect is small when compared to the effects of cholesterol medicines.</li> </ul> <p>Supplements may cause side effects and interactions with medicines. Always check with your provider before you take any supplements.</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Food and Nutrition Cómo bajar su colesterol Hypercholesterolemia therapy Hypercholesterolemia diet therapy Hypercholesterolemia drug therapy Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Benefits of Exercise Cholesterol Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know Cholesterol Medicines Heart Diseases High Cholesterol in Children and Teens How to Lower Cholesterol with Diet Quitting Smoking Statins Weight Control NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Learn More National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Low Cholesterol Diet TLC Diet Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet <h3>What is cholesterol?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">Cholesterol</a> is a waxy, fat-like substance that that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But if you have too much of it in your blood, it can stick to the walls of your arteries and narrow or even block them. This puts you at risk for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a> and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart diseases</a>.</p> <p>Cholesterol is made by your liver. It travels through the blood on proteins called lipoproteins. One type of lipoprotein, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL</a>, is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol. A high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries. Another type, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL</a>, is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol. It carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Then your liver removes the cholesterol from your body.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for high cholesterol?</h3> <p>The <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html">main treatments for high cholesterol</a> are heart-healthy lifestyle changes and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">medicines</a>. The lifestyle changes include healthy eating, weight management, and regular physical activity.</p> <h3>How can I lower cholesterol with diet?</h3> <p>Heart-healthy lifestyle changes include a diet to lower your cholesterol. The <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html">DASH eating plan</a> is one example. Another is the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet, which recommends that you:</p> <p><strong>Choose healthier fats.</strong>You should limit both total fat and saturated fat. No more than 25 to 35% of your daily calories should come from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">dietary fats</a>, and less than 7% of your daily calories should come from saturated fat. Depending upon how many calories you eat per day, here are the maximum amounts of saturated fats that you should eat:</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Maximum amounts of saturated fat in your diet, based on calories" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Calories per Day</th> <th scope="col">Saturated Fat</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>1,200</td> <td>8 grams</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>1,500</td> <td>10 grams</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>2,000</td><td>13 grams</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>2,500</td> <td>17 grams</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p>Saturated fat is a bad fat because it raises your LDL (bad cholesterol) level more than anything else in your diet. It is found in some meats, dairy products, chocolate, baked goods, and deep-fried and processed foods.</p> <p>Instead of saturated fats, switch to foods with healthier fats, such as lean meat, nuts, and unsaturated oils like canola, olive, and safflower oils.</p> <p><strong>Limit foods with cholesterol.</strong> If you are trying to lower your cholesterol, you should have less than 200 mg a day of cholesterol. Cholesterol is in foods from animals, such as liver and other organ meats, egg yolks, shrimp, and whole milk dairy products.</p> <p><strong>Eat plenty of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html">soluble fiber</a>.</strong> Soluble fiber helps prevent your digestive tract from absorbing cholesterol. You should try to get 10 to 25 grams of it per day. Foods that are high in soluble fiber include:</p><ul> <li>Whole-grain cereals such as oatmeal and oat bran</li> <li>Fruits such as apples, bananas, oranges, pears, and prunes</li> <li>Legumes such as kidney beans, lentils, chickpeas, black-eyed peas, and lima beans</li> </ul> <p><strong>Eat lots of fruits and vegetables.</strong> They are important sources of vitamins, fiber, and other nutrients.</p> <p><strong>Increase plant stanols and sterols in your diet.</strong>These are substances that also help prevent your digestive tract from absorbing cholesterol. You should try to get 2 grams of them per day. They can be found in whole grains, nuts, legumes, and oils, such as olive oil and avocado oil. They are also added to some foods, such as certain types of orange juice, margarine, and bread.</p> <p><strong>Eat foods that are high in omega-3 fatty acids.</strong> These special fats can lower LDL and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html">triglyceride</a> levels. They can also help control blood pressure and may lower your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">heart rhythm problems</a>. If you have heart disease, they may lower your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>. Omega-3 fatty acids can be found in:</p> <ul> <li>Fish such as salmon, tuna (canned or fresh), and mackerel. Most people should try to eat these fish two times a week. But if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, you should avoid fish that could be high in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html">mercury</a>, such as mackerel.</li> <li>Plant sources such as walnuts, flaxseed, chia seeds, and canola and soybean oils. But they have smaller amounts of omega-3 acids than the fish sources.</li> <li>Fortified foods, such as certain brands of eggs, yogurt, juices, milk, soy beverages, and infant formulas.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Limit salt.</strong> You should try to limit the amount of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">sodium</a> (salt) that you eat to no more than 2,300 milligrams (about 1 teaspoon of salt) a day. That includes all the sodium you eat, whether it's added in cooking, used at the table, or already present in food products. Limiting salt won't lower your cholesterol, but it can lower your risk of heart diseases by helping to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">lower your blood pressure</a>. You can reduce your sodium by instead choosing low-salt and "no added salt" foods and seasonings at the table or while cooking.</p> <p><strong>Limit <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>.</strong> Alcohol adds extra calories, which can lead to weight gain. Being overweight can raise your LDL level and lower your HDL level. Too much alcohol can also increase your risk of heart diseases because it can raise your blood pressure and triglyceride level. It's best not to drink, but if you do: </p> <ul> <li>Have no more than 2 drinks per day if you are a man</li> <li>Have no more than 1 drink per day if you are a woman</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodlabeling.html">Nutrition labels</a> can help you figure out how much fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, fiber, and sodium is in the foods that you buy. This can help you eat healthier and lower your cholesterol.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Food and Nutrition Cómo bajar su colesterol con dieta Hypercholesterolemia diet therapy Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cholesterol Dietary Fats Dietary Fiber HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol How to Lower Cholesterol LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol Nutrition Triglycerides Low Cholesterol Diet Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Library of Medicine Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Learn More National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH <h3>What is type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes, your blood sugar levels are too high. With <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>, this happens because your body does not make enough insulin, or it does not use insulin well (this is called insulin resistance). If you are at risk for type 2 diabetes, you might be able to prevent or delay developing it.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>Many Americans are at risk for type 2 diabetes. Your chances of getting it depend on a combination of risk factors such as your genes and lifestyle. The risk factors include:</p><ul> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a>, which means you have blood sugar levels that are higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes</li> <li>Being overweight or having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li>Being age 45 or older</li> <li>A family history of diabetes</li> <li>Being African American, Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander</li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a></li> <li>Having a low level of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL</a> (good) cholesterol or a high level of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html">triglycerides</a></li> <li>A history of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html">diabetes in pregnancy</a></li> <li>Having given birth to a baby weighing 9 pounds or more</li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">inactive lifestyle</a></li> <li>A history of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a></li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a></li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS)</li> <li>Having acanthosis nigricans, a skin condition in which your skin becomes dark and thick, especially around your neck or armpits</li> <li>Smoking</li> </ul> <h3>How can I prevent or delay getting type 2 diabetes?</h3> <p>If you are at risk for diabetes, you may be able to prevent or delay getting it. Most of the things that you need to do involve having a healthier lifestyle. So if you make these changes, you will get other health benefits as well. You may lower your risk of other diseases, and you will probably feel better and have more energy. The changes are:</p><ul> <li><strong>Losing weight and keeping it off.</strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Weight control</a> is an important part of diabetes prevention. You may be able to prevent or delay diabetes by losing 5 to 10% of your current weight. For example, if you weigh 200 pounds, your goal would be to lose between 10 to 20 pounds. And once you lose the weight, it is important that you don't gain it back.</li> <li><strong>Following a healthy eating plan.</strong> It is important to reduce the amount of calories you eat and drink each day, so you can lose weight and keep it off. To do that, your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diets.html">diet</a> should include smaller portions and less fat and sugar. You should also eat a variety of foods from each food group, including plenty of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. It's also a good idea to limit red meat, and avoid processed meats.</li> <li><strong>Get regular exercise.</strong> Exercise has many <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benefitsofexercise.html">health benefits</a>, including helping you to lose weight and lower your blood sugar levels. These both lower your risk of type 2 diabetes. Try to get at least 30 minutes of physical activity 5 days a week. If you have not been active, talk with your health care professional to figure out which <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">types of exercise</a> are best for you. You can start slowly and work up to your goal.</li> <li><strong>Don't smoke.</strong> Smoking can contribute to insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes. If you already smoke, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">try to quit</a>.</li> <li><strong>Talk to your health care provider</strong> to see whether there is anything else you can do to delay or to prevent type 2 diabetes. If you are at high risk, your provider may suggest that you take one of a few types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html">diabetes medicines</a>.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Endocrine System Wellness and Lifestyle Diabetes Mellitus Cómo prevenir la diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 prevention & control Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Diabetes Prevention Learn More Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More American Heart Association Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Journal Articles Learn More Harvard School of Public Health Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart disease</a> is the leading cause of the death in the United States. It is also a major cause of disability. But you can take steps to improve your health and help prevent heart disease. The first step is understanding your risk of heart disease. Your risk depends on many factors, some of which are changeable and others that are not. Learning about them and working on the things that you can change can lower your risk of heart disease.</p> <h3>What are the heart disease risk factors that I cannot change?</h3> <p>There are some risk factors for heart disease that you cannot change:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Your age.</strong> Your risk of heart disease increases as you get older. The risk is higher in: <ul> <li>Men age 45 and older</li> <li>Women age 55 and older</li> </ul> </li><br/> <li><strong>Your sex.</strong> Some risk factors may affect heart disease risk differently in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">women</a> than in men. For example: <ul> <li>The <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormone</a> estrogen provides women some protection against heart disease</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a> raises the risk of heart disease more in women than in men.</li> </ul> </li><br/> <li><strong>Your race or ethnicity.</strong> Certain groups have higher risks than others. For example: <ul> <li>African Americans are more likely than Whites to die of heart disease, while Hispanic Americans are less likely to die of it</li> <li>Asian Americans as a group have lower rates of heart disease than other groups, but South Asian Americans have higher rates</li> </ul> </li><br/> <li><strong>Your family history.</strong> You have a greater risk if you have a close family member who had heart disease at an early age, for example if: <ul> <li>Your father or brother was diagnosed before age 55</li> <li>Your mother or sister was diagnosed before age 65</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the heart disease risk factors I can change and what can I do to lower my risk?</h3> <p>There are many heart disease risk factors that you can change. If you make these changes, you don't just help protect your heart. You can also improve your overall health and well-being.</p> <p>You may have a lot of changes to make. If you need to, you can make the changes gradually, one at a time. What's most important is that you make them. Depending on your lifestyle, these changes could include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Controlling your blood pressure.</strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a> is a major risk factor for heart disease. It is important to get your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/">blood pressure</a> checked regularly - at least once a year for most adults, and more often if you have high blood pressure. You can also take steps, including lifestyle changes, to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">prevent</a> or control high blood pressure.</li><br/> <li><strong>Keeping your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">cholesterol</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html">triglyceride</a> levels under control:</strong> <ul> <li>High levels of cholesterol can clog your arteries and raise your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html">Lifestyle changes</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">medicines</a> (if needed) can lower your cholesterol.</li> <li>Triglycerides are another type of fat in the blood. High levels of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html">triglyceride</a> may also raise the risk of coronary artery disease, especially in women.</li> </ul> </li><br/> <li><strong>Staying at a healthy weight.</strong> Being overweight or having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a> can increase your risk of heart disease. This is mostly because they are linked to other heart disease risk factors, including high blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, and diabetes. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Controlling your weight</a> can lower these risks.</li><br/> <li><strong>Eating a healthy diet.</strong> Try to limit saturated <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fats</a>, foods high in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">sodium</a> (salt), and added <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html">sugars</a>. Instead, eat plenty of fresh fruit, vegetables, and whole grains. The <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html">DASH diet</a> is an example of an eating plan that can help you to lower your blood pressure and cholesterol, two things that can lower your risk of heart disease.</li><br/> <li><strong>Getting regular physical activity.</strong> Regular physical activity has many benefits, including strengthening your heart and improving your circulation. It can also help you maintain a healthy weight and lower cholesterol and blood pressure. All of these can lower your risk of heart disease.</li><br/> <li><strong>Limiting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>.</strong> Drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure. It also adds extra calories, which may cause weight gain. Both of those raise your risk of heart disease. It's best not to drink, but if you do: <ul> <li>Have no more than 2 drinks per day if you are a man.</li> <li>Have no more than 1 drink per day if you are a woman.</li> </ul> </li><br/> <li><strong>Not smoking</strong>. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Cigarette smoking</a> raises your blood pressure and puts you at higher risk of heart attack and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>. <ul> <li>If you do not smoke, don't start.</li> <li> If you do smoke, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quitting</a> will lower your risk of heart disease. You can talk with your health care provider for help in finding the best way for you to quit.</li> </ul> </li><br/> <li><strong>Managing stress.</strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">Stress</a> is linked to heart disease in many ways. It can raise your blood pressure. Extreme stress can be a "trigger" for a heart attack. Also, some common ways of coping with stress, such as overeating, heavy drinking, and smoking, are bad for your heart. Some ways to help manage your stress include exercise, listening to music, focusing on something calm or peaceful, and meditating.</li><br/> <li><strong>Managing diabetes.</strong> Having diabetes doubles your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticheartdisease.html">diabetic heart disease</a>. That is because over time, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">high blood glucose</a> (blood sugar) from diabetes can damage your blood vessels and the nerves that control your heart and blood vessels. So, it is important to get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/diabetes-tests/">tested for diabetes</a>, and if you have it, to keep it under control.</li><br/> <li><strong>Getting enough sleep.</strong> If you don't get enough sleep, you raise your risk of high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. Those three things can raise your risk of heart disease. To improve your sleep: <ul> <li>If you are an adult, try to get 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night.</li> <li>Make sure that you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">good sleep habits</a>, such as keeping a regular sleep schedule and creating a good sleeping environment in your bedroom.</li> <li> If you have frequent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">sleep problems</a>, contact your health care provider. One problem, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">sleep apnea</a>, causes people to briefly stop breathing many times during sleep. This interferes with your ability to get a good rest and can raise your risk of heart disease. If you think you might have sleep apnea, ask your provider about having a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sleep-study/">sleep study</a>. And if you do have sleep apnea, make sure that you get treatment for it.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Blood, Heart and Circulation Wellness and Lifestyle Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón Heart Diseases prevention & control Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Blood Thinners Cholesterol Heart Diseases Heart Health Tests How to Lower Cholesterol How to Prevent High Blood Pressure Heart Disease Prevention Find an Expert American Heart Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Texas Heart Institute Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Heart Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children American Heart Association Related Issues American Heart Association PDF Easy-to-Read Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Start Here American Heart Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Women National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Lowering High Blood Pressure <p>Around half of American adults have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a> (hypertension). Many of those people don't know they have it because there are usually no warning signs. This can be dangerous, because high blood pressure can lead to life-threatening conditions like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>. The good news is that you can often prevent or treat high blood pressure. Early diagnosis and heart-healthy lifestyle changes can keep high blood pressure from seriously damaging your health.</p> <h3>What is blood pressure?</h3> <p>Each time your heart beats, it pumps blood into your arteries (the blood vessels that carry blood from your heart to the tissues and organs in your body). Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Blood pressure is measured as two numbers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Systolic pressure</strong> (the first and higher number) measures pressure inside your arteries when your heart beats</li> <li><strong>Diastolic pressure</strong> (the second and lower number) measures the pressure inside your arteries when your heart rests between beats</li> </ul> <p>As an example, a blood pressure reading of 120/80 means a systolic of 120 and a diastolic of 80.</p> <h3>How is high blood pressure diagnosed?</h3> <p>High blood pressure usually has no symptoms. So the only way to find out if you have it is to get regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/measuring-blood-pressure/">blood pressure checks</a> from your health care provider. Your provider will use a gauge, a stethoscope or electronic sensor, and a blood pressure cuff. They will take two or more readings at separate appointments before making a diagnosis:</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy and unhealthy blood pressure ranges" width="100%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:55%">Blood Pressure Category</th> <th scope="col" style="width:20%">Systolic Blood Pressure</th> <th scope="col" style="width:5%"></th> <th scope="col" style="width:20%">Diastolic Blood Pressure</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Normal</td> <td>Less than 120</td> <td><strong>and</strong></td> <td>Less than 80</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Elevated</td> <td>120 - 129</td> <td><strong>and</strong></td> <td>Less than 80</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>High Blood Pressure Stage 1</td> <td>130 - 139</td> <td><strong>or</strong></td> <td>80 - 89</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>High Blood Pressure Stage 2</td> <td>140 or higher</td> <td><strong>or</strong></td> <td>90 or higher</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Hypertensive Crisis (dangerously high blood pressure - seek medical care right away)</td> <td>Higher than 180</td> <td><strong>and</strong></td> <td>Higher than 120</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p>For children and teens, the provider compares the blood pressure reading to what is normal for other kids who are the same age, height, and gender.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop high blood pressure?</h3> <p>Anyone can develop high blood pressure, but there are certain factors that can increase your risk:</p><ul> <li><strong>Age.</strong> Blood pressure tends to rise with age.</li> <li><strong>Race/Ethnicity</strong>. High blood pressure is more common in Black adults. They also tend to have higher average blood pressure numbers and get high blood pressure earlier in life.</li> <li><strong>Sex.</strong> Men are more likely than women to develop high blood pressure throughout middle age. But in older adults, women are more likely than men to develop high blood pressure.</li> <li><strong>Lifestyle.</strong> Certain lifestyle habits can raise your risk for high blood pressure, such as eating too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">sodium</a> (salt) or not enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html">potassium</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">lack of exercise</a>, drinking too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">smoking</a>.</li> <li><strong>Family history and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hypertension">genetics</a>.</strong> High blood pressure often runs in families. Many genes are linked to small increases in high blood pressure risk.</li> <li><strong>Social and economic factors:</strong> <ul> <li>Research shows that factors such as income, education level, where you live, and the type of job you have may raise your risk of high blood pressure. For example, working early or late shifts can raise your risk.</li> <li>Experiencing discrimination and poverty has been linked to high blood pressure. Also, some research has shown that trauma in childhood may raise the risk of high blood pressure.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Certain medicines.</strong> Some medicines can raise your blood pressure, including: <ul> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">antidepressants</a></li> <li>Decongestants (medicines to relieve a stuffy nose)</li> <li>Hormonal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth control pills</a></li> <li>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain reliever</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Having certain other medical conditions,</strong> such as: <ul> <li>Some tumors</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">Chronic kidney disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html">Metabolic syndrome</a></li> <li>Overweight and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">Sleep apnea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">Thyroid problems</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>How can I prevent high blood pressure?</h3> <p>You can help prevent high blood pressure by having a healthy lifestyle. This means:</p><ul> <li><strong>Eating a healthy diet.</strong> To help manage your blood pressure, you should limit the amount of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">sodium</a> (salt) that you eat and increase the amount of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html">potassium</a> in your diet. It is also important to eat foods that are lower in fat, as well as plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html">DASH eating plan</a> is an example of an eating plan that can help you to lower your blood pressure.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Getting regular physical activity</a>.</strong> Regular physical activity can help you maintain a healthy weight and lower your blood pressure.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Being at a healthy weight</a>.</strong> Being overweight or having obesity increases your risk for high blood pressure. Maintaining a healthy weight can help you control high blood pressure and reduce your risk for other health problems.</li> <li><strong>Limiting alcohol.</strong> Drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure. It also adds extra calories, which may cause weight gain.</li> <li><strong>Not smoking.</strong> Cigarette smoking raises your blood pressure and puts you at higher risk for heart attack and stroke. If you do not smoke, don't start. If you do smoke, talk to yourprovider for help in finding the best way for you to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quit</a>.</li> <li><strong>Managing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>.</strong> Learning how to relax and manage stress can improve your emotional and physical health and lower high blood pressure. Stress management techniques include exercising, listening to music, focusing on something calm or peaceful, and meditating.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">Getting enough high-quality sleep</a>.</strong> </li></ul> <p>If you already have high blood pressure, it is important to prevent it from getting worse or causing complications. You need to get regular medical care and follow your treatment plan. Your plan will include healthy lifestyle habit recommendations and possibly <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicines</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Prevención de la presión arterial alta Hypertension prevention & control Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Alcohol Blood Pressure Medicines DASH Eating Plan High Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy Nutrition Quitting Smoking Stress High Blood Pressure Prevention Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American Heart Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Heart Association Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Heart Association Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Specifics American Heart Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Human papillomavirus <h3>What is HPV?</h3> <p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of related viruses. They can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/warts.html">warts</a> on different parts of your body. There are more than 200 types. About 40 of them are spread through direct sexual contact with someone who has the virus. They can also spread through other intimate, skin-to-skin contact. Some of these types can cause cancer.</p> <p>There are two categories of sexually transmitted HPV. Low-risk HPV can cause warts on or around your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalwarts.html">genitals</a>, anus, mouth, or throat. High-risk HPV can cause various cancers:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html">Cervical cancer</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/analcancer.html">Anal cancer</a></li> <li>Some types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oralcancer.html">oral</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/throatcancer.html">throat</a> cancer</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvarcancer.html">Vulvar cancer</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html">Vaginal cancer</a></li> <li>Penile cancer</li> </ul> <p>Most HPV infections go away on their own and don't cause cancer. But sometimes the infections last longer. When a high-risk HPV infection lasts for many years, it can lead to cell changes. If these changes are not treated, they may get worse over time and become cancer.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for HPV infections?</h3> <p>HPV infections are very common. Nearly all sexually active people are infected with HPV soon after they become sexually active.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of HPV infections?</h3> <p>Some people develop warts from certain low-risk HPV infections, but the other types (including the high-risk types) have no symptoms.</p> <p>If a high-risk HPV infection lasts for many years and causes cell changes, you may have symptoms. You may also have symptoms if those cell changes develop into cancer. Which symptoms you have depends on which part of the body is affected.</p> <h3>How are HPV infections diagnosed?</h3> <p>Health care providers can usually diagnose warts by looking at them.</p> <p>For women, there are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html">cervical cancer screening tests</a> which can find changes in the cervix that might lead to cancer. As part of the screening, women may have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pap-smear/">Pap tests</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/human-papillomavirus-hpv-test/">HPV tests </a>, or both.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for HPV infections?</h3> <p>An HPV infection itself cannot be treated. There are medicines that you can apply to a wart. If they don't work, your health care provide could freeze, burn, or surgically remove it.</p> <p>There are treatments for the cell changes caused by infection with high-risk HPV. They include medicines that you apply to the area that is affected and various surgical procedures.</p> <p>People who have HPV-related cancers usually get the same types of treatment as people who have cancers that are not caused by HPV. An exception to this is for people who have certain oral and throat cancers. They may have different treatment options.</p> <h3>Can HPV infections be prevented?</h3> <p>Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading HPV. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.</p> <p>Vaccines can protect against several types of HPV, including some that can cause cancer. The vaccines provide the most protection when people get them before they are exposed to the virus. This means that it is best for people to get them before they become sexually active.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Infections Sexual Health Issues Female Reproductive System Virus del papiloma humano Alphapapillomavirus Papillomavirus Infections Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Chuukese Farsi French Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Ilocano Japanese Karen Khmer Korean Marshallese Nepali Pashto Pohnpeian Portuguese Punjabi Russian Samoan Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Thai Tongan Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Cervical Cancer Cervical Cancer Screening Genital Warts HPV Vaccine Human Papillomavirus Find an Expert American Cancer Society Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Statistics and Research Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Children American Academy of Pediatrics Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation HD Huntington's chorea <p>Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited disease that causes certain nerve cells in the brain to waste away. People are born with the defective gene, but symptoms usually don't appear until middle age. Early symptoms of HD may include uncontrolled movements, clumsiness, and balance problems. Later, HD can take away the ability to walk, talk, and swallow. Some people stop recognizing family members. Others are aware of their environment and are able to express emotions.</p> <p>If one of your parents has Huntington's disease, you have a 50% chance of getting it. A blood test can tell you if have the HD gene and will develop the disease. Genetic counseling can help you weigh the risks and benefits of taking the test.</p> <p>There is no cure. Medicines can help manage some of the symptoms, but cannot slow down or stop the disease.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Enfermedad de Huntington Huntington Disease Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Degenerative Nerve Diseases Movement Disorders Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests Huntington's Disease Society of America Find an Expert Huntington's Disease Society of America Teenagers Huntington's Disease Society of America PDF Related Issues Huntington's Disease Society of America Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Huntington's Disease Society of America <p> Un huracán es una forma severa de tormenta tropical. Los huracanes producen vientos fuertes, lluvias abundantes y tormentas eléctricas. Los huracanes pueden causar daños tremendos. Los vientos pueden superar las 155 millas por hora. Los huracanes y las tormentas tropicales también pueden generar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tornadoes.html">tornados</a> y causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html">inundaciones</a>. Los vientos fuertes y las lluvias copiosas pueden destruir edificios, carreteras y puentes y derribar líneas eléctricas y árboles. En las áreas costeras, las mareas muy altas llamadas marejadas ciclónicas pueden causar extensos daños.</p> <p>Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad durante un huracán, usted puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">plan de acción para casos de desastres</a>. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Usted puede necesitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html">ayuda para superar la situación</a>. </p> <p class="">Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</p> Desastres Hurricanes Desastres naturales Spanish/Español Especialistas Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Niños/as Administración Nacional de Aeronáutica y del Espacio Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Cyclones Typhoons <p>A hurricane is a severe type of tropical storm. Hurricanes produce high winds, heavy rains and thunderstorms. Hurricanes can cause tremendous damage. Winds can exceed 155 miles per hour. Hurricanes and tropical storms can also spawn <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tornadoes.html">tornadoes</a> and lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html">flooding</a>. The high winds and heavy rains can destroy buildings, roads and bridges, and knock down power lines and trees. In coastal areas, very high tides called storm surges cause extensive damage.</p> <p>Although there are no guarantees of safety during a hurricane, you can take actions to protect yourself. You should have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">disaster plan</a>. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html">ways to cope</a>.</p> <p class="">Federal Emergency Management Agency</p> Disasters Huracanes Cyclonic Storms Arabic Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Nepali Russian Serbo-Croatian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Vietnamese Natural Disasters Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More Federal Emergency Management Agency Learn More American Red Cross Learn More Food and Drug Administration Learn More National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More American Psychological Association Water on the brain <p>Hydrocephalus is the buildup of too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. Normally, this fluid cushions your brain. When you have too much, though, it puts harmful pressure on your brain.</p> <p>Hydrocephalus can be congenital, or present at birth. Causes include genetic problems and problems with how the fetus develops. An unusually large head is the main sign of congenital hydrocephalus.</p> <p>Hydrocephalus can also happen after birth. This is called acquired hydrocephalus. It can occur at any age. Causes can include head injuries, strokes, infections, tumors, and bleeding in the brain. Symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Headache</li> <li>Vomiting and nausea</li> <li>Blurry vision</li> <li>Balance problems</li> <li>Bladder control problems</li> <li>Thinking and memory problems</li> </ul> <p>Hydrocephalus can permanently damage the brain, causing problems with physical and mental development. If untreated, it is usually fatal. With treatment, many people lead normal lives with few limitations. Treatment usually involves surgery to insert a shunt. A shunt is a flexible but sturdy plastic tube. The shunt moves the cerebrospinal fluid to another area of the body where it can be absorbed. Medicine and rehabilitation therapy can also help.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Hidrocefalia Hydrocephalus Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Brain Malformations Chiari Malformation Statistics and Research Hydrocephalus Association Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Spina Bifida Association of America PDF Find an Expert Hydrocephalus Association Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults Alzheimer's Association Children Spina Bifida Association of America PDF Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia High blood glucose High blood sugar <h3>What is blood glucose?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">Blood glucose</a>, or blood sugar, is the main sugar found in your blood. It is your body's primary source of energy. It comes from the food you eat. Your body breaks down most of that food into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream. When your blood glucose goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to be used for energy.</p> <p>For people with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, your body doesn't make enough insulin, can't use it as well as it should, or both. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells.</p> <h3>What is hyperglycemia?</h3> <p>Hyperglycemia means high blood glucose. It most often affects people who have diabetes. When you have diabetes, your body doesn't make enough insulin or can't use it the right way. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells. </p> <h3>What causes hyperglycemia?</h3> <p>A key part of managing diabetes is controlling your blood glucose levels. To do this, you need to follow a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html">diabetes meal plan</a> and get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular physical activity</a>. You might also need to take diabetes medicines. You have to balance all of these to keep your blood glucose at the right levels. But if you eat too much food or the wrong foods, don't take your medicines correctly, or don't get physical activity, you can get hyperglycemia. It can also happen if you are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stressed</a> or sick.</p> <p>Less commonly, people who don't have diabetes can also get hyperglycemia. It can be caused by conditions that can affect insulin or glucose levels in your blood. They include problems with your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html">pancreas</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html">adrenal glands</a>, certain medicines, and severe illnesses.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia?</h3> <p>The symptoms of hyperglycemia include:</p> <ul> <li>Feeling thirsty</li> <li>Feeling tired or weak</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headaches</a></li> <li>Urinating (peeing) often</li> <li>Blurred vision</li> </ul> <p>If you are diabetic and you often have high blood glucose levels or the symptoms of hyperglycemia, talk with your health care team. You may need a change in your diabetes meal plan, physical activity plan, or diabetes medicines.</p> <p>If you don't have diabetes and you are having these symptoms, see your provider to find out the cause and how to treat it.</p> <h3>What other problems can hyperglycemia cause?</h3> <p>If hyperglycemia is not treated, it can cause other problems. In people with diabetes, long-term hyperglycemia can lead to serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetescomplications.html">health problems</a> (diabetes complications).</p> <p>If your blood glucose levels get very high, you can develop diabetes-related ketoacidosis (DKA). It happens when your body doesn't have enough insulin to allow blood glucose into your cells for use as energy. Instead, your liver breaks down fat for fuel. This process produces acids called ketones. When too many ketones are produced too fast, they can build up to dangerous levels in your body. This can be life-threatening.</p> <p>The symptoms of DKA may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Trouble breathing</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea or vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">Pain in your abdomen</a> (belly)</li> <li>Confusion</li> <li>Feeling very tired or sleepy</li> </ul> <p>If you have an an at-home test for ketones, check your ketone level every 4 to 6 hours when your blood glucose is very high or when you are having these symptoms. If the test shows that your ketones are moderate or high, or if you don't have a ketones test, contact your health care provider right away or get emergency medical help.</p> <h3>How is hyperglycemia diagnosed?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes, you'll most likely need to check your blood glucose every day and make sure that it's not too high. You can do this with a blood glucose meter or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system.</p> <p>There are also <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">blood tests</a> that providers can use to check if your blood glucose is too high.</p><p></p> <h3>What are the treatments for hyperglycemia?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes and often have high blood glucose, your health care team may make changes to your diabetes meal plan, physical activity plan, and/or diabetes medicines.</p> <p>If you have severe hyperglycemia and are having symptoms of DKA, you will need treatment at the hospital. The treatment often includes I.V. (intravenous) fluids and insulin.</p> <h3>Can hyperglycemia be prevented?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes, managing your diabetes can help prevent hyperglycemia. To manage your diabetes, it's important to:</p> <ul> <li>Follow your diabetes meal plan</li> <li>Get regular physical activity</li> <li>If you need diabetes medicines, take them correctly</li> <li>Regularly check your blood glucose level</li> <li>Get regular checkups with your health care team</li> </ul> Endocrine System Metabolic Problems Diabetes Mellitus Hiperglucemia Hyperglycemia Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Blood Glucose High Blood Glucose High Blood Sugar Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Diabetes Association Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Diabetes Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Start Here Joslin Diabetes Center Overactive thyroid <h3>What is hyperthyroidism?</h3> <p>Hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid, happens when your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">thyroid</a> gland makes more thyroid hormones than your body needs.</p> <p>Your thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes hormones that control the way the body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ in your body and control many of your body's most important functions. For example, they affect your breathing, heart rate, weight, digestion, and moods. If not treated, hyperthyroidism can cause serious problems with your heart, bones, muscles, menstrual cycle, and fertility. But there are treatments that can help.</p> <h3>What causes hyperthyroidism?</h3> <p>Hyperthyroidism has several causes. They include:</p><ul> <li>Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder in which your immune system attacks your thyroid and causes it to make too much hormone. This is the most common cause.</li> <li>Thyroid nodules, which are growths on your thyroid. They are usually benign (not cancer). But they may become overactive and make too much thyroid hormone. Thyroid nodules are more common in older adults.</li> <li>Thyroiditis, inflammation of the thyroid. It causes stored thyroid hormone to leak out of your thyroid gland.</li> <li>Too much iodine. Iodine is found in some medicines, cough syrups, seaweed and seaweed-based supplements. Taking too much of them can cause your thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone.</li> <li>Too much thyroid medicine. This can happen if people who take thyroid hormone medicine for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html">hypothyroidism</a> (underactive thyroid) take too much of it.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for hyperthyroidism?</h3> <p>You are at higher risk for hyperthyroidism if you:</p><ul> <li>Are a woman</li> <li>Are older than age 60</li> <li>Have been pregnant or had a baby within the past 6 months</li> <li>Have had thyroid surgery or a thyroid problem, such as goiter</li> <li>Have a family history of thyroid disease</li> <li>Have pernicious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>, in which the body cannot make enough healthy red blood cells because it does not have enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html">vitamin B12</a></li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1 diabetes</a> or primary adrenal insufficiency, a hormonal disorder</li> <li>Get too much iodine, from eating large amounts of foods containing iodine or using iodine-containing medicines or supplements</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?</h3> <p>The symptoms of hyperthyroidism can vary from person to person and may include:</p><ul> <li>Nervousness or irritability</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Muscle weakness</li> <li>Trouble tolerating heat</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html">Trouble sleeping</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tremor.html">Tremor</a>, usually in your hands</li> <li>Rapid and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">irregular heartbeat</a></li> <li>Frequent bowel movements or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a></li> <li>Weight loss</li> <li>Mood swings</li> <li>Goiter, an enlarged thyroid that may cause your neck to look swollen. Sometimes it can cause trouble with breathing or swallowing.</li> </ul> <p>Adults over age 60 may have different symptoms than younger adults. For example, they may lose their appetite or withdraw from other people. Sometimes this can be mistaken for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html">dementia</a>.</p> <h3>What other problems can hyperthyroidism cause?</h3> <p>If hyperthyroidism isn't treated, it can cause some serious health problems, including:</p><ul> <li>An irregular heartbeat that can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clots</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">heart failure</a>, and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart problems</a></li> <li>An eye disease called Graves' ophthalmopathy. It can cause double vision, light sensitivity, and eye pain. In rare cases, it can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">vision loss</a>.</li> <li>Thinning bones and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html">Fertility problems in women</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">Complications in pregnancy,</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html">premature birth</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">low birth weight</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">high blood pressure in pregnancy</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html">miscarriage</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is hyperthyroidism diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, including asking about symptoms</li> <li>A physical exam</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html">Thyroid tests</a>, such as <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/">TSH</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triiodothyronine-t3-tests/">T3</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroxine-t4-test/">T4</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroid-antibodies/">thyroid antibody blood tests</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Imaging tests</a>, such as a thyroid scan, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a>, or radioactive iodine uptake test. A radioactive iodine uptake test measures how much radioactive iodine your thyroid takes up from your blood after you swallow a small amount of it.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for hyperthyroidism?</h3> <p>The treatments for hyperthyroidism include medicines, radioiodine therapy, and thyroid surgery:</p><ul> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> for hyperthyroidism include <ul> <li>Antithyroid medicines, which cause your thyroid to make less thyroid hormone. You probably need to take the medicines for 1 to 2 years. In some cases, you might need to take the medicines for several years. This is the simplest treatment, but it is often not a permanent cure.</li> <li>Beta blocker medicines, which can reduce symptoms such as tremors, rapid heartbeat, and nervousness. They work quickly and can help you feel better until other treatments take effect.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Radioiodine therapy</strong> is a common and effective treatment for hyperthyroidism. It involves taking radioactive iodine by mouth as a capsule or liquid. This slowly destroys the cells of the thyroid gland that produce thyroid hormone. It does not affect other body tissues. Almost everyone who has radioactive iodine treatment later develops hypothyroidism. This is because the thyroid hormone-producing cells have been destroyed. But hypothyroidism is easier to treat and causes fewer long-term health problems than hyperthyroidism.</li> <li><strong>Surgery</strong> to remove part or most of the thyroid gland is done in rare cases. It might be an option for people with large goiters or pregnant women who cannot take antithyroid medicines. If you have all of your thyroid removed, you will need to take thyroid medicines for the rest of your life. Some people who have part of their thyroid removed also need to take medicines.</li> </ul> <p>If you have hyperthyroidism, it's important not to get too much iodine. Talk to your health care provider about which foods, supplements, and medicines you need to avoid.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Endocrine System Hipertiroidismo Hyperthyroidism Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Hypothyroidism Thyroid Cancer Thyroid Diseases Thyroid Tests Basedow's Disease Graves' Disease Overactive Thyroid Thyrotoxicosis Find an Expert American Thyroid Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Endocrine Society Find an Expert American Thyroid Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Related Issues American Thyroid Association PDF Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Thyroid Association Women National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Thyroid Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Treatments and Therapies American Thyroid Association Diagnosis and Tests Patient Handouts National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Low blood sugar <h3>What is blood glucose?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">Blood glucose</a>, or blood sugar, is the main sugar found in your blood. It is your body's primary source of energy. It comes from the food you eat. Your body breaks down most of that food into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream. When your blood glucose goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to be used for energy.</p> <p>For people with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, your body doesn't make enough insulin, can't use it as well as it should, or both. Too much glucose stays in your blood and doesn't reach your cells.</p> <h3>What is hypoglycemia?</h3> <p>Hypoglycemia means low glucose. It happens when the level of glucose in your blood drops below what is healthy for you:</p> <ul> <li>For many people with diabetes, this means a blood glucose level lower than 70 mg/dL. Your number might be different, so check with your health care team to find out what blood glucose level is too low for you.</li> <li>For people who don't have diabetes, hypoglycemia is typically a blood glucose level lower than 55 mg/dL.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes hypoglycemia?</h3> <p>Hypoglycemia is common in people who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">diabetes type 1</a> or who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">diabetes type 2</a> and take insulin or other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html">diabetes medicines</a>. It can happen:</p> <ul> <li>As a side effect of insulin or some other medicines that help your pancreas release insulin into your blood. These medicines can lower your blood glucose level.</li> <li>If you don't eat or drink enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html">carbohydrates</a> (carbs). Carbs are the main source of glucose for your body.</li> <li>If you get a lot more physical activity than usual.</li> <li>If you drink too much alcohol without enough food.</li> <li>When you are sick and can't eat enough food or keep food down.</li> </ul> <p>Although it's rare, you can still get low blood glucose without having diabetes. The causes can include conditions such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney disease</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormone</a> deficiencies (lack of certain hormones). It can also happen in people who have had certain types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html">weight loss surgery</a>. Some medicines, such as certain heart medicines and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>, can also cause it. See your health care provider to find out the cause of your low blood glucose and how to treat it.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?</h3> <p>The symptoms of low blood glucose tend to come on quickly. The symptoms can be different for everyone, but they may include:</p> <ul> <li>Shaking</li> <li>Sweating</li> <li>Nervousness or anxiety</li> <li>Irritability or confusion</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a></li> <li>Hunger</li> </ul> <h3>How is hypoglycemia diagnosed?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes, you'll most likely need to check your blood glucose every day and make sure that it's not too low. You can do this with a blood glucose meter or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system.</p> <p>There are also <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">blood tests</a> that providers can use to check if your blood glucose is too low.</p> <p>If you don't have diabetes and you have hypoglycemia, your provider will likely order other tests to try to figure out the cause.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for hypoglycemia?</h3> <p>If you have mild or moderate hypoglycemia, eating or drinking something with carbohydrates can help. But severe hypoglycemia can cause serious complications, including passing out, coma, or even death. Severe hypoglycemia can be treated with glucagon, a hormone that raises blood glucose levels. It can be given as nasal spray or injection. If you have diabetes, your provider can prescribe you a glucagon kit for use in case of an emergency.</p> <p>If you have diabetes and you often have mild or moderate low blood glucose, your health care team may make changes to your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticdiet.html">diabetes meal plan</a>, physical activity plan, and/or diabetes medicines.</p> <p>If you don't have diabetes and you keep having low blood glucose, the treatment will depend on what is causing it to happen.</p> <h3>Can hypoglycemia be prevented?</h3> <p>If you have diabetes and you take insulin or other medicines that lower blood glucose, you can help prevent hypoglycemia if you:</p> <ul> <li>Follow your diabetes meal plan. Eat and drink enough carbs to keep your blood glucose in your target range. Also carry a source of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as glucose tablets or a juice box, with you in case your blood glucose gets too low.</li> <li>Be safe during physical activity. Check your blood glucose before and afterwards. You may need to eat a snack before your physical activity.</li> <li>If you take diabetes medicines, make sure to take them correctly.</li> </ul> Metabolic Problems Hipoglucemia Hypoglycemia Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Blood Glucose Diabetes Low Blood Sugar Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Cold-related illness <p>Cold weather can affect your body in different ways. You can get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/frostbite.html">frostbite</a>, which is an injury to the body that is caused by freezing. Your body can also lose heat faster than you can produce it. That can cause hypothermia, or abnormally low body temperature. It can make you sleepy, confused, and clumsy. Because it happens gradually and affects your thinking, you may not realize you need help. That makes it especially dangerous. A body temperature below 95 °F (35 °C) is a medical emergency and can lead to death if not treated promptly. </p> <p>Anyone who spends much time outdoors in cold weather can get hypothermia. You can also get it from being cold and wet, or under cold water for too long. Babies and old people are especially at risk. Babies can get it from sleeping in a cold room. </p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Injuries and Wounds Symptoms Hipotermia Hypothermia Spanish National Institute on Aging Frostbite Winter Weather Emergencies Cold (Temperature) Prevention and Risk Factors National Safety Council Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Occupational Safety and Health Administration Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert Occupational Safety and Health Administration Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Underactive thyroid <h3>What is hypothyroidism?</h3> <p>Hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid, happens when your thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body's needs.</p> <p>Your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">thyroid</a> is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes hormones that control the way the body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ in your body and control many of your body's most important functions. For example, they affect your breathing, heart rate, weight, digestion, and moods. Without enough thyroid hormones, many of your body's functions slow down. But there are treatments that can help.</p> <h3>What causes hypothyroidism?</h3> <p>Hypothyroidism has several causes. They include:</p><ul> <li>Hashimoto's disease, an autoimmune disorder where your immune system attacks your thyroid. This is the most common cause.</li> <li>Thyroiditis, inflammation of the thyroid</li> <li>Congenital hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism that is present at birth</li> <li>Surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation treatment</a> of the thyroid</li> <li>Certain medicines</li> <li>In rare cases, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarydisorders.html">pituitary disease</a> or too much or too little iodine in your diet</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for hypothyroidism?</h3> <p>You are at higher risk for hypothyroidism if you:</p><ul> <li>Are a woman</li> <li>Are older than age 60</li> <li>Have had a thyroid problem before, such as a goiter</li> <li>Have had surgery to correct a thyroid problem</li> <li>Have received radiation treatment to the thyroid, neck, or chest</li> <li>Have a family history of thyroid disease</li> <li>Were pregnant or had a baby in the past 6 months</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/turnersyndrome.html">Turner syndrome</a>, a genetic disorder that affects females</li> <li>Have pernicious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>, in which the body cannot make enough healthy red blood cells because it does not have enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html">vitamin B12</a></li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sjogrenssyndrome.html">Sjogren's syndrome</a>, a disease that causes dry eyes and mouth</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1 diabetes</a></li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, an autoimmune disease that affects the joints</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html">lupus</a>, a chronic autoimmune disease</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?</h3> <p>The symptoms of hypothyroidism can vary from person to person and may include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Weight gain</li> <li>A puffy face</li> <li>Trouble tolerating cold</li> <li>Joint and muscle pain</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">Constipation</a></li> <li>Dry skin</li> <li>Dry, thinning hair</li> <li>Decreased sweating</li> <li>Heavy or irregular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">menstrual periods</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html">Fertility problems in women</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a></li> <li>Slowed heart rate</li> <li>Goiter, an enlarged thyroid that may cause your neck to look swollen. Sometimes it can cause trouble with breathing or swallowing.</li> </ul> <p>Because hypothyroidism develops slowly, many people don't notice symptoms of the disease for months or even years.</p> <h3>What other problems can hypothyroidism cause?</h3> <p>Hypothyroidism can contribute to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">high cholesterol</a>. In rare cases, untreated hypothyroidism can cause myxedema coma. This is a condition in which your body's functions slow down to the point that it becomes life-threatening.</p> <p>During pregnancy, hypothyroidism can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">complications</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html">premature birth</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">high blood pressure in pregnancy</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html">miscarriage</a>. It can also slow the baby's <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">growth and development</a>.</p> <h3>How is hypothyroidism diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, including asking about your symptoms</li> <li>A physical exam</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html">Thyroid tests</a>, such as <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/">TSH</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triiodothyronine-t3-tests/">T3</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroxine-t4-test/">T4</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroid-antibodies/">thyroid antibody blood tests</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Imaging tests</a>, such as a thyroid scan, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a>, or radioactive iodine uptake test. A radioactive iodine uptake test measures how much radioactive iodine your thyroid takes up from your blood after you swallow a small amount of it.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for hypothyroidism?</h3> <p>The treatment for hypothyroidism is medicine to replace the hormone that your own thyroid can no longer make. About 6 to 8 weeks after you start taking the medicine, you will get a blood test to check your thyroid hormone level. Your health care provider will adjust your dose if needed. Each time your dose is adjusted, you'll have another blood test. Once you find the right dose, you will probably get a blood test in 6 months. After that, you will need the test once a year.</p> <p>If you take your medicine according to the instructions, you usually should be able to control the hypothyroidism. You should never stop taking your medicine without talking with your health care provider first.</p> <p>If you have Hashimoto's disease or other types of autoimmune thyroid disorders, you may be sensitive to harmful side effects from iodine. Talk to your health care provider about which foods, supplements, and medicines you need to avoid.</p> <p>Women need more iodine when they are pregnant because the baby gets iodine from the mother's diet. If you are pregnant, talk with your health care provider about how much iodine you need.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Endocrine System Hipotiroidismo Hypothyroidism Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Hyperthyroidism Thyroid Cancer Thyroid Diseases Thyroid Tests Hashimoto's Disease Underactive Thyroid NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert American Thyroid Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert Endocrine Society Find an Expert American Thyroid Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Thyroid Association Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Thyroid Association Diagnosis and Tests American Thyroid Association Treatments and Therapies American Thyroid Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Diagnosis and Tests Patient Handouts National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH <p>A hysterectomy is surgery to remove a woman's uterus or womb. The uterus is the place where a baby grows when a woman is pregnant. After a hysterectomy, you no longer have menstrual periods and can't become pregnant. Sometimes the surgery also removes the ovaries and fallopian tubes. If you have both ovaries taken out, you will enter <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">menopause</a>.</p> <p>Your health care provider might recommend a hysterectomy if you have:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html">Fibroids</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html">Endometriosis</a> that hasn't been cured by medicine or surgery</li> <li>Uterine prolapse - when the uterus drops into the vagina </li> <li>Cancer of the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html">uterine</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html">cervix</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancancer.html">ovaries</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html">Vaginal bleeding</a> that persists despite treatment </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html">Chronic pelvic pain</a>, as a last resort </li> </ul> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Women Surgery and Rehabilitation Female Reproductive System Histerectomía Hysterectomy Spanish Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Enfermedad por hígado graso Esteatosis hepática Hígado adiposo <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad por hígado graso?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hígado</a> es el órgano más grande dentro del cuerpo. Ayuda a digerir los alimentos, almacenar energía y eliminar las toxinas. La enfermedad por hígado graso es una afección en la que se acumula grasa en el hígado. Hay dos tipos principales:</p> <ul> <li>Enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico</li> <li>Enfermedad del hígado graso por alcohol, también llamada esteatosis hepática alcohólica</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico?</h3> <p>La enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico es un tipo de hígado graso que no está relacionada con el consumo de alcohol. Existen dos tipos:</p> <ul> <li>Hígado graso simple: Hay grasa en el hígado, pero poca o ninguna inflamación o daño en las células del hígado. En general, el hígado graso simple no es demasiado serio como para causar daño o complicaciones al hígado</li> <li>Esteatosis hepática no alcohólica: Existe inflamación y daños en las células del hígado, y grasa. La inflamación y el daño de las células del hígado pueden causar fibrosis o cicatrización del hígado. La esteatosis puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html">cirrosis</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livercancer.html">cáncer de hígado</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué es la enfermedad del hígado graso por alcohol?</h3> <p>Como su nombre lo indica, la enfermedad del hígado graso por alcohol se debe al alto consumo de alcohol. Su hígado descompone la mayor parte del alcohol que bebe para que sea eliminado del cuerpo, pero el proceso de descomposición puede generar sustancias dañinas. Estas sustancias pueden dañar las células del hígado, provocar inflamación y debilitar las defensas naturales del cuerpo. Cuanto más alcohol usted bebe, más daña su hígado. La enfermedad del hígado graso por alcohol es la etapa más temprana de la enfermedad del hígado por el alcohol (o hepatopatía alcohólica). Las siguientes etapas son la hepatitis alcohólica y la cirrosis.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener enfermedad por hígado graso?</h3> <p>No se conoce la causa del hígado graso. Los investigadores sí saben que es más común en personas que:</p> <ul> <li>Tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a></li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Son de mediana edad o mayores (aunque los niños también pueden sufrirla)</li> <li>Son hispanos, seguidos por blancos no hispanos. Es menos común en afroamericanos</li> <li>Tienen altos niveles de lípidos (grasas) en la sangre, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html">triglicéridos</a></li> <li>Tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a></li> <li>Toman ciertos medicamentos, como los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a> y algunas medicinas contra el cáncer</li> <li>Tienen ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html">trastornos metabólicos</a>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html">síndrome metabólico</a></li> <li>Pierden peso muy rápido </li> <li>Tienen ciertas infecciones como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html">hepatitis C</a></li> <li>Han estado expuestos a algunas toxinas</li> </ul> <p>La enfermedad por hígado graso afecta a cerca del 25% de la población en el mundo. Así como las tasas de obesidad, diabetes tipo 2 y colesterol alto están subiendo en los EE. UU., lo mismo ocurre con la tasa de enfermedad por hígado graso. Es el trastorno hepático crónico más común en los EE. UU.</p> <p>La enfermedad del hígado graso por alcohol sólo ocurre en personas que beben mucho, especialmente aquellas que han estado bebiendo durante un largo período de tiempo. El riesgo es mayor para bebedores empedernidos de alcohol obesos, mujeres o quienes tienen ciertas mutaciones genéticas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del hígado graso?</h3> <p>En general, tanto la enfermedad de hígado graso como la enfermedad del hígado graso por alcohol son afecciones silenciosas que tienen pocos o ningún síntoma. Si presenta síntomas, puede sentirse cansado o tener molestias en el lado superior derecho del abdomen.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el hígado graso?</h3> <p>Debido a que a menudo no hay síntomas, no es fácil diagnosticar la enfermedad por hígado graso. Su médico puede sospechar que la tiene si obtiene resultados anormales en pruebas del hígado que se haya hecho por otras razones. Para hacer un diagnóstico, su médico utilizará:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica</li> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Varias pruebas, incluyendo análisis de sangre y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">imágenes</a>, y a veces una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a></li> </ul> <p>Como parte de su historia médica, su proveedor de salud le preguntará sobre su consumo de alcohol para averiguar si la grasa en su hígado es un signo de enfermedad de hígado graso por alcohol o hígado graso no alcohólico. También preguntará por las medicinas que toma, para determinar si una medicina es la causa de su hígado graso.</p> <p>Durante el examen físico, su médico lo examinará y verificará su peso y altura. También buscará signos de hígado graso, como:</p> <ul> <li>Hígado agrandado (hepatomegalia)</li> <li>Signos de cirrosis como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html">ictericia</a>, una afección que causa que la piel y el blanco de los ojos se vean amarillo</li> </ul> <p>Es probable que le hagan un examen de sangre, incluyendo pruebas de función hepática y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html">análisis de sangre</a>. En algunos casos, también puede someterse a pruebas de imagen, como las que comprueban presencia de grasa en el hígado y su rigidez. La rigidez del hígado puede significar fibrosis o cicatrización. En algunos casos, también puede necesitar una biopsia hepática para confirmar el diagnóstico y para confirmar la gravedad del daño al hígado.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el hígado graso?</h3> <p>Para el hígado graso no alcohólico, los médicos recomiendan perder peso. Bajar de peso puede reducir la grasa, la inflamación y la fibrosis en el hígado. Si un su doctor cree que un medicamento es la causa del hígado graso, debe dejar de tomarlo, aunque primero debe consultar con su médico. Es posible que deba bajar la dosis de la medicina en forma gradual, y puede que tenga que tomar otro medicamento en su lugar.</p> <p>No hay medicamentos que hayan sido aprobados para tratar el hígado graso. Los estudios están buscando si un determinado medicamento para la diabetes o la vitamina E puede ayudar, pero se necesita mayor investigación.</p> <p>La parte más importante del tratamiento de la enfermedad del hígado graso por alcohol es dejar de beber alcohol. Si necesita ayuda para lograrlo, es probable que deba ver a un terapeuta o participar en un programa de rehabilitación por consumo de alcohol. También hay medicamentos que pueden ayudar, ya sea reduciendo sus ansias o haciendo que se sienta mal si consume alcohol.</p> <p>Tanto la enfermedad del hígado graso relacionado al alcohol como un tipo de enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (esteatohepatitis no alcohólica) pueden conducir a cirrosis. Los médicos pueden tratar los problemas de salud causados por la cirrosis con medicamentos, operaciones y otros procedimientos médicos. Si la cirrosis conduce a insuficiencia hepática, es posible que necesite un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html">trasplante de hígado</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son algunos cambios en el estilo de vida que pueden ayudar con la enfermedad del hígado graso?</h3> <p>Si usted tiene cualquiera de los tipos de enfermedad del hígado graso, hay algunos cambios en el estilo de vida que pueden ayudar:</p> <ul> <li>Consuma una dieta saludable, limitando la sal y el azúcar, además de comer muchas frutas, verduras y granos integrales</li> <li>Obtenga las vacunas contra la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisa.html">hepatitis A</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html">B</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html">gripe</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumococcalinfections.html">enfermedad neumocócica</a>. Si usted tiene hepatitis A o B junto con hígado graso, es más probable que conduzca a insuficiencia hepática. Las personas con enfermedad hepática crónica son más propensas a contraer infecciones, por lo que las otras dos vacunas también son importantes</li> <li>Haga <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">ejercicio</a> con frecuencia, lo que le puede ayudar a perder peso y reducir la grasa en el hígado</li> </ul> <p>Hable con su médico antes de usar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html">suplementos dietéticos</a> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a> o cualquier <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">medicina o práctica médica complementaria o alternativa</a>. Algunos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html">remedios herbarios</a> pueden dañar su hígado.</p> Sistema digestivo Fatty Liver Disease Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>La ictericia hace que la piel y las partes blancas de los ojos se pongan amarillas. El exceso de bilirrubina causa la ictericia. La bilirrubina es una sustancia química color amarillo que contiene la hemoglobina, sustancia que transporta el oxígeno en los glóbulos rojos. A medida que los glóbulos rojos se degradan, el cuerpo desarrolla nuevas células para sustituirlos. Las células degradadas se procesan en el hígado. Si el hígado no puede manejar las células sanguíneas a medida que se degradan, se acumula bilirrubina en el organismo y la piel puede verse amarilla. </p> <p>Muchos bebés sanos tienen un poco de ictericia en la primera semana de vida. Por lo general, desaparece espontáneamente. Sin embargo, la ictericia puede ocurrir a cualquier edad y ser un signo de que existe un problema. La ictericia puede presentarse por varios motivos, tales como:</p> <ul> <li> Enfermedades de la sangre</li> <li> Síndromes genéticos</li> <li> Enfermedades hepáticas, tales como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html">hepatitis</a> o la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html">cirrosis</a> </li> <li> Obstrucción de los conductos biliares</li> <li> Infecciones </li> <li> Medicamentos </li> </ul> Sistema digestivo Síntomas Jaundice Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades del hígado Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <h3>What is the immune system?</h3> <p>Your immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs. Together they help the body fight infections and other diseases.</p> <p>When germs such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacteria</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viruses</a> invade your body, they attack and multiply. This is called an infection. The infection causes the disease that makes you sick. Your immune system protects you from the disease by fighting off the germs.</p> <h3>What are the parts of the immune system?</h3> <p>The immune system has many different parts, including:</p><ul> <li>Your skin, which can help prevent germs from getting into the body</li> <li>Mucous membranes, which are the moist, inner linings of some organs and body cavities. They make mucus and other substances which can trap and fight germs.</li> <li>White blood cells, which fight germs</li> <li>Organs and tissues of the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html">lymph system</a>, such as the thymus, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spleendiseases.html">spleen</a>, tonsils, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html">bone marrow</a>. They produce, store, and carry white blood cells.</li> </ul> <h3>How does the immune system work?</h3> <p>Your immune system defends your body against substances it sees as harmful or foreign. These substances are called antigens. They may be germs such as bacteria and viruses. They might be chemicals or toxins. They could also be cells that are damaged from things like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancer</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">sunburn</a>.</p> <p>When your immune system recognizes an antigen, it attacks it. This is called an immune response. Part of this response is to make antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that work to attack, weaken, and destroy antigens. Your body also makes other cells to fight the antigen.</p> <p>Afterwards, your immune system remembers the antigen. If it sees the antigen again, it can recognize it. It will quickly send out the right antibodies, so in most cases, you don't get sick. This protection against a certain disease is called immunity.</p> <h3>What are the types of immunity?</h3> <p>There are three different types of immunity:</p><ul> <li><strong>Innate immunity</strong> is the protection that you are born with. It is your body's first line of defense. It includes barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes. They keep harmful substances from entering the body. It also includes some cells and chemicals which can attack foreign substances.</li> <li><strong>Active immunity</strong>, also called adaptive immunity, develops when you are infected with or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">vaccinated</a> against a foreign substance. Active immunity is usually long-lasting. For many diseases, it can last your entire life.</li> <li><strong>Passive immunity</strong> happens when you receive antibodies to a disease instead of making them through your own immune system. For example, newborn babies have antibodies from their mothers. People can also get passive immunity through blood products that contain antibodies. This kind of immunity gives you protection right away. But it only lasts a few weeks or months.</li> </ul> <h3>What can go wrong with the immune system?</h3> <p>Sometimes a person may have an immune response even though there is no real threat. This can lead to problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">allergies</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">asthma</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune diseases</a>. If you have an autoimmune disease, your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake.</p> <p>Other immune system problems happen when your immune system does not work correctly. These problems include immunodeficiency diseases. If you have an immunodeficiency disease, you get sick more often. Your infections may last longer and can be more serious and harder to treat. They are often <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic disorders</a>.</p> <p>There are other diseases that can affect your immune system. For example, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> is a virus that harms your immune system by destroying your white blood cells. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). People with AIDS have badly damaged immune systems. They get an increasing number of severe illnesses.</p> Immune System Sistema inmunitario y sus enfermedades Immune System Diseases Immune System Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Autoimmune Diseases Vaccines Chronic Granulomatous Disease Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases SCID Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Symptoms Jeffrey Modell Foundation PDF Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Video NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Jeffrey Modell Foundation Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases PDF NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Immune Deficiency Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Teenagers Nemours Foundation Video Start Here Nemours Foundation Test Your Knowledge Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American College of Rheumatology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Immune Deficiency Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Johns Hopkins Medicine Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Children American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Video NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Children American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases PDF NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Distracted driving Drugged driving Drunk driving <p>Impaired driving is dangerous. It's the cause of more than half of all car crashes. It means operating a motor vehicle while you are affected by:</p><ul> <li>Alcohol</li> <li>Legal or illegal drugs</li> <li>Sleepiness</li> <li>Distractions, such as using a cell phone or texting</li> <li>Having a medical condition which affects your driving</li> </ul> <p>For your safety and the safety of others, do not drive while impaired. Have someone else drive you or take public transportation when you cannot drive. If you need to take a call or send a text message, pull over. </p> <p class="">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</p> Safety Issues Inhabilidad para conducir Driving Under the Influence Distracted Driving Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Korean Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese Motor Vehicle Safety Driving Drugged Driving Drunk Driving Statistics and Research National Highway Traffic Safety Administration PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Federal Communications Commission Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Highway Traffic Safety Administration PDF Specifics American Stroke Association Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Highway Traffic Safety Administration PDF Specifics National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Older Adults Administration for Community Living PDF Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Journal Articles Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics Food and Drug Administration Statistics and Research National Highway Traffic Safety Administration PDF <p>Impetigo is a skin infection caused by bacteria. It is usually caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/staphylococcalinfections.html">staphylococcal</a> (staph) bacteria, but it can also be caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html">streptococcal</a> (strep) bacteria. It is most common in children between the ages of two and six. It usually starts when bacteria get into a break in the skin, such as a cut, scratch, or insect bite. </p> <p>Symptoms start with red or pimple-like sores surrounded by red skin. These sores can be anywhere, but usually they occur on your face, arms and legs. The sores fill with pus, then break open after a few days and form a thick crust. They are often itchy, but scratching them can spread the sores. </p> <p>Impetigo can spread by contact with sores or nasal discharge from an infected person. You can treat impetigo with antibiotics. </p> Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Impétigo Impetigo Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Start Here VisualDX Start Here Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Osteopathic Association Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Nemours Foundation <p>Un implante coclear es un dispositivo electrónico pequeño y complejo que puede ayudar a proporcionar algún sentido de la audición. Personas que sean profundamente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">sordas</a> o que tengan graves dificultades auditivas pueden beneficiarse con su uso. El implante consiste en dos partes. Una parte externa que se sitúa detrás de la oreja y una segunda parte que se coloca quirúrgicamente debajo de la piel. </p> <p> Este implante no restablece la audición normal. Puede proporcionar a una persona sorda una comprensión del habla. Tanto niños como adultos pueden beneficiarse de ellos. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</p> Oído, nariz y garganta Cochlear Implants Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Audífonos Problemas de audición en niños Problemas de la audición y sordera Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>El impétigo es una infección de la piel. Generalmente, es causada por la bacteria <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/staphylococcalinfections.html">estafilococo</a> pero algunas veces el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html">estreptococo</a> también puede causarla. Es más común en los niños entre dos y seis años. Suele comenzar cuando las bacterias entran por una grieta de la piel, como una cortadura, rasguño o picadura de un insecto. </p> <p>Los primeros síntomas son pequeñas llagas rojizas o similares a una espinilla rodeadas por piel enrojecida. Estas llagas suelen presentarse en la cara, los brazos y las piernas, aunque pueden encontrarse en otros lugares. Las llagas se llenan de pus, al cabo de algunos días se abren y forman una costra gruesa. Con frecuencia pican, pero rascarse puede diseminar las llagas. </p> <p>El impétigo puede contagiarse por contacto con las lesiones o la secreción nasal de una persona infectada. Puede tratarse con antibióticos. </p> Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Impetigo Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours RMN Resonancia magnética nuclear <p>Los estudios con imágenes por resonancia magnética (IRM) usan un gran imán y ondas de radio para observar órganos y estructuras que se encuentran al interior del cuerpo. Los profesionales de la salud utilizan estas imágenes para diagnosticar una variedad de afecciones, desde rupturas de ligamentos hasta tumores. Las imágenes por resonancia magnética son muy útiles para examinar el cerebro y la médula espinal. </p> <p>Durante el escaneo, el paciente se acuesta en una mesa que se desliza dentro de un aparato con forma de túnel. La realización del estudio suele demorar y el paciente debe permanecer inmóvil. La exploración no causa dolor. La máquina de IRM hace mucho ruido. El técnico puede ofrecerle tapones para los oídos.</p> <p>Antes de realizarse un estudio, dígale al médico si:</p> <ul> <li> Está embarazada</li> <li> Tiene piezas de metal en su cuerpo. Usted puede tener metal en su cuerpo si tiene lesiones de bala o perdigones o si es soldador</li> <li> Tiene dispositivos electrónicos o metálicos en el cuerpo, como un marcapasos cardíaco o una articulación artificial</li> </ul> Pruebas de diagnóstico MRI Scans Diagnóstico por imágenes IRM Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>Los incendios forestales son fuegos fuera de control en un área natural, como bosques, pastizales o praderas. A menudo comienzan inadvertidos. Se propagan rápidamente y pueden dañar recursos naturales, destruir hogares y amenazar la seguridad de la población y de los bomberos.</p> <p>Los seres humanos causan la mayoría de los incendios forestales. Pueden ocurrir por accidente, como cuando las personas no prestan atención a una fogata, queman escombros o son descuidados al botar los cigarrillos. También pueden provocarse a propósito, a lo que se llama incendio premeditado. Los rayos y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/volcanoes.html">lava</a> también pueden causar incendios forestales. Estos son más comunes cuando las condiciones son secas. Los vientos fuertes pueden hacer que avancen más rápidamente.</p> <p>Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad si usted vive en un área amenazada por un incendio forestal, puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Usted debe tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">plan para desastres</a>. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Es posible que necesite ayuda para encontrar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html">formas para afrontarlo</a>. </p> <p class="">Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</p> Desastres Wildfires Desastres naturales Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Enfermedad hemolítica del neonato inducida por Rh <p>Hay cuatro tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html">sangre</a> principales: A, B, O y AB. Los grupos se definen si tiene ciertas proteínas en sus glóbulos rojos. Otro tipo de sangre se basa en una proteína diferente llamada factor Rh. La mayoría de las personas son Rh positivas, tienen un factor Rh. Las personas Rh negativo no lo tienen. El factor RH se hereda a través de los genes. </p> <p>Cuando usted está <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazada</a>, la sangre de su bebé puede pasar a su torrente sanguíneo, sobre todo durante el parto. Se llama incompatibilidad Rh cuando usted es Rh negativo y su bebé es Rh positivo. Su cuerpo reacciona a la sangre de su bebé como si fuera una sustancia extraña, creando anticuerpos contra la sangre del bebé. Estos anticuerpos, en general, no causan problemas durante el primer embarazo. </p> <p>Sin embargo, los anticuerpos permanecerán en su cuerpo una vez se hayan formado. Esto puede causar problemas en un embarazo posterior si el bebé es Rh positivo. Los anticuerpos pueden pasar a la placenta y atacar los glóbulos rojos de su bebé. El bebé puede tener la enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido por Rh, una afección que puede causar un tipo de anemia serio. </p> <p>Los análisis de sangre pueden determinar si usted o su bebé tienen factor Rh positivo y si su cuerpo ha creado anticuerpos. Si su bebé necesita tratamiento, las opciones incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">transfusiones de sangre</a> y suplementos para ayudar a su cuerpo a producir glóbulos rojos. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Embarazo y reproducción Rh Incompatibility Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre RH, incompatibilidad Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Incontinencia intestinal <p>Incontinencia fecal es la incapacidad de controlar sus intestinos. Cuando a usted le urge <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html">ir al baño</a>, y no puede aguantarse hasta llegar. Más de cinco millones y medio de estadounidenses sufren de incontinencia fecal. Afecta a personas de todas las edades - niños y adultos. Es más común en mujeres y en adultos mayores, pero no forma parte normal del envejecimiento.</p> <p>Las causas incluyen:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">Estreñimiento</a></li> <li>Daño en los músculos o nervios del ano o del recto</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicfloordisorders.html">Problemas del piso pélvico</a></li> </ul> <p>Los tratamientos incluyen cambios en la dieta, medicinas, ejercicios para fortalecer los músculos del área o cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Bowel Incontinence Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades del ano Evacuación de las heces Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Personas mayores Spanish/Español Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales Problemas de control de la micción Pérdida del control de la vejiga <h3>¿Qué es la incontinencia urinaria?</h3> <p>La incontinencia urinaria es la pérdida del control de la vejiga o la incapacidad de controlar la micción (orinar). Es una afección común. Puede variar desde un problema menor hasta algo que afecta en gran medida su vida diaria. En cualquier caso, puede mejorar con un tratamiento adecuado.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de incontinencia urinaria?</h3> <p>Hay varios tipos diferentes de incontinencia urinaria. Cada tipo tiene diferentes síntomas y causas:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Incontinencia de esfuerzo</strong>: Ocurre cuando el estrés o la presión sobre la vejiga le hacen perder orina. Esto puede pasar al toser, estornudar, reír, levantar algo pesado o realizar actividad física. Sus causas incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicfloordisorders.html">debilidad de los músculos del piso pélvico</a> y una vejiga fuera de su posición normal</li> <li><strong> Incontinencia de urgencia</strong>: Ocurre cuando tiene una fuerte necesidad (urgencia) de orinar y algo de orina se escapa antes de que pueda llegar al baño. A menudo se relaciona con una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html">vejiga hiperactiva</a>. La incontinencia de urgencia es más común en personas mayores. A veces, puede ser un signo de una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">infección de las vías urinarias</a>. También puede ocurrir en algunas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">afecciones neurológicas</a>, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html">esclerosis múltiple</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html">lesiones de la médula espinal</a></li> <li><strong> Incontinencia por rebosamiento</strong>: Ocurre cuando la vejiga no se vacía por completo. Esto hace que quede demasiada orina en la vejiga. Su vejiga se llena demasiado y pierde orina. Esta forma de incontinencia urinaria es más común en los hombres. Algunas de sus causas incluyen tumores, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneystones.html">cálculos renales</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> y ciertos medicamentos</li> <li><strong>Incontinencia funcional</strong>: Ocurre cuando una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html">discapacidad </a> física o mental, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">problemas para hablar</a> o algún otro problema le impide llegar al baño a tiempo. Por ejemplo, una persona con artritis puede tener problemas para desabrocharse los pantalones, o una persona con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer</a> puede no darse cuenta su necesidad de programar sus visitas al baño</li> <li><strong>Incontinencia mixta</strong>: Significa que tiene más de un tipo de incontinencia. En general, es una combinación de incontinencia de esfuerzo y de urgencia</li> <li> <strong>Incontinencia transitoria</strong>: Es una pérdida de orina causada por una situación temporal (transitoria) como una infección o un nuevo medicamento. Una vez que se elimina la causa, la incontinencia desaparece</li> <li><strong>Mojar la cama</strong>: Es la pérdida de orina durante el sueño. Esto es más común en niños, pero a los adultos también les puede ocurrir</li> <ul> <li> Mojar la cama es normal para muchos niños. Es más común en varones. A menudo, mojar la cama no se considera un problema de salud, especialmente cuando es hereditario. Pero si aún ocurre con frecuencia a los 5 años o más, puede deberse a un problema de control de la vejiga. Esto podría deberse a un desarrollo físico lento, una enfermedad, la producción de demasiada orina por la noche u otro problema. A veces hay más de una causa</li> <li>En los adultos, las causas incluyen algunos medicamentos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">cafeína</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">Aacohol</a>. También puede ser causada por ciertos problemas de salud, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesinsipidus.html">diabetes insípida</a>, una infección del tracto urinario, cálculos renales, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/enlargedprostatebph.html">agrandamiento de la próstata</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">apnea del sueño</a></li> </ul> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener incontinencia urinaria?</h3> <p>En los adultos, tiene un mayor riesgo de presentar incontinencia urinaria si usted:</p> <ul> <li>Es mujer, especialmente después de pasar por un embarazo, un parto o la menopausia</li> <li>Es adulto mayor. A medida que envejece, los músculos del tracto urinario se debilitan, lo que dificulta la retención de orina</li> <li> Es un hombre con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html">problemas de próstata</a></li> <li>Tiene ciertos problemas de salud, como diabetes, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">estreñimiento</a> prolongado</li> <li>Es fumador</li> <li>Tiene un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">defecto de nacimiento</a> que afecta la estructura de su tracto urinario</li> </ul> <p>En los niños, la enuresis es más común en los niños más pequeños, los varones y aquellos cuyos padres mojaron la cama cuando eran niños.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la incontinencia urinaria?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para hacer un diagnóstico:</p> <ul> <li> Historia clínica: Incluye preguntas sobre sus síntomas. Su proveedor puede pedirle que lleve un diario sobre su control de vejiga durante unos días antes de su cita. Este registro incluye cuánto y cuándo bebe líquidos, cuándo y cuánto orina y si tiene pérdida de orina</li> <li>Examen físico: Puede incluir un examen rectal. Las mujeres también pueden hacerse un examen pélvico</li> <li>Análisis de sangre y / o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html">orina</a></li> <li>Pruebas de función de la vejiga</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">Pruebas de imagen</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la incontinencia urinaria?</h3> <p>El tratamiento depende del tipo y la causa de su incontinencia urinaria. Es posible que necesite una combinación de tratamientos. Al principio, su proveedor puede sugerir tratamientos de cuidado personal, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cambios en el estilo de vida para reducir las fugas</strong>:</li> <ul> <li>Beber una cantidad adecuada de líquido en el momento adecuado</li> <li>Estar físicamente activo</li> <li> Mantener un peso saludable</li> <li>Evitar el estreñimiento</li> <li>No fumar</li> </ul> <li><strong>Entrenamiento de la vejiga</strong>: Esto implica orinar según un horario. Su proveedor elabora un horario a partir de la información de su diario de vejiga. Una vez que se ha adaptado a este horario, en forma gradual espera un poco más entre sus visitas al baño. Esto puede ayudar a estirar la vejiga para que pueda contener más orina</li> <li><strong>Hacer ejercicios para fortalecer los músculos del piso pélvico</strong>: Unos músculos fuertes del piso pélvico retienen la orina mejor que músculos débiles. También llamados ejercicios de Kegel, estos ejercicios de fortalecimiento implican tensar y relajar los músculos que controlan el flujo de orina</li> </ul> <p>Si estos tratamientos no funcionan, su proveedor puede sugerir otras opciones, como:</p> <ul> <li> <strong>Medicamentos</strong>, que pueden usarse para:</li> <ul> <li>Relajar los músculos de la vejiga para ayudar a prevenir espasmos</li> <li>Bloquear las señales nerviosas que causan frecuencia y urgencia urinaria</li> <li> En los hombres, encoger la próstata y mejorar el flujo de orina</li> </ul> <li> <strong>Dispositivos médicos</strong>, incluyendo:</li> <ul> <li> Un catéter, que es un tubo para sacar la orina del cuerpo. Puede usar uno varias veces al día o todo el tiempo</li> <li>Para las mujeres, un pesario o un dispositivo similar a un tampón que se coloca en la vagina. El dispositivo empuja su uretra para ayudar a disminuir las fugas</li> </ul> <li><strong>Aumentadores de volumen</strong>, que se inyectan en el cuello de la vejiga y los tejidos de la uretra para engrosarlos. Esto ayuda a cerrar la abertura de la vejiga para que tenga menos fugas</li> <li><strong>Estimulación nerviosa eléctrica</strong>, que implica cambiar los reflejos de la vejiga usando pulsos de electricidad</li> <li><strong>Cirugía para mantener la vejiga en su posición normal</strong>. Esto se puede hacer con un cabestrillo que se fija al hueso púbico</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Personas mayores Riñones y sistema urinario Urinary Incontinence Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Infecciones de las vías urinarias Problemas del piso pélvico Vejiga hiperactiva Control de la vejiga Vejiga, Control de la Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centro Coordinador Nacional de Información sobre Enfermedades de los Riñones y de las Vías Urinarias NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Mujeres Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Dyspepsia Upset stomach <p>Nearly everyone has had indigestion at one time. It's a feeling of discomfort or a burning feeling in your upper abdomen. You may have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html">heartburn</a> or belch and feel bloated. You may also feel nauseated, or even throw up.</p> <p>You might get indigestion from eating too much or too fast, eating high-fat foods, or eating when you're stressed. Smoking, drinking too much alcohol, using some medicines, being tired, and having ongoing stress can also cause indigestion or make it worse. Sometimes the cause is a problem with the digestive tract, like an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html">ulcer</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">GERD</a>.</p> <p>Avoiding foods and situations that seem to cause it may help. Because indigestion can be a sign of a more serious problem, see your health care provider if it lasts for more than two weeks or if you have severe pain or other symptoms. Your health care provider may use x-rays, lab tests, and an upper endoscopy to diagnose the cause. You may need medicines to treat the symptoms.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Symptoms Indigestión Dyspepsia Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Abdominal Pain Digestive Diseases Gas GERD Heartburn Dyspepsia Upset Stomach Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Related Issues American College of Gastroenterology Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Digestión lenta <p>Casi todas las personas han tenido una indigestión alguna vez. Es una sensación de incomodidad o un ardor en la parte superior del abdomen. Puede tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html">acidez</a> o eructos y sentirse hinchado. También puede sentir náuseas e inclusive vomitar.</p> <p>La indigestión puede ser consecuencia de comer demasiado o demasiado rápido, ingerir alimentos grasosos o comer en momentos de estrés. Fumar, beber demasiado alcohol, consumir algunas medicinas, el cansancio excesivo y el estrés continuo también pueden causar indigestión o empeorarla. Algunas veces, la causa es un problema en las vías digestivas, como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html">úlcera</a> o una enfermedad por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">reflujo gastroesofágico</a> (ERGE).</p> <p>Evitar los alimentos y las situaciones que parecen causarla puede ayudar. La indigestión puede ser un signo de un problema más serio. Consulte a su médico si la indigestión continúa por más de dos semanas o tiene dolores fuertes u otros síntomas graves. Su proveedor de cuidados de salud puede pedirle rayos X, exámenes de laboratorio y/o una endoscopia superior para conocer la causa de la indigestión. Puede ser que necesite remedios para tratar los síntomas. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Síntomas Indigestion Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Acidez estomacal Dolor abdominal Enfermedades del sistema digestivo Gas Reflujo gastroesofágico Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>We usually think of air pollution as being outdoors, but the air in your house or office could also be polluted. Sources of indoor pollution include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html">Mold</a> and pollen</li> <li>Tobacco smoke</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html">Household products</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html">pesticides</a></li> <li>Gases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radon.html">radon</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html">carbon monoxide </a> </li> <li>Materials used in the building such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html">asbestos</a>, formaldehyde and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html">lead</a> </li> </ul> <p>Sometimes a group of people have symptoms that seem to be linked to time spent in a certain building. There may be a specific cause, such as Legionnaire's disease. Sometimes the cause of the illness cannot be found. This is known as sick building syndrome.</p> <p>Usually indoor air quality problems only cause discomfort. Most people feel better as soon as they remove the source of the pollution. However, some pollutants can cause diseases that show up much later, such as respiratory diseases or cancer.</p> <p>Making sure that your building is well-ventilated and getting rid of pollutants can improve the quality of your indoor air.</p> <p class="">Environmental Protection Agency</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Contaminación de interiores Air Pollution, Indoor Spanish National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Air Pollution Asbestos Asthma Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Lead Poisoning Molds Pesticides Radon Secondhand Smoke Pollution Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Find an Expert American Lung Association Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Lung Association Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Start Here Consumer Product Safety Commission Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Baby care <p>Going home with a new baby is exciting, but it can be scary, too. Newborns have many needs, like frequent feedings and diaper changes. Babies can have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html">health issues</a> that are different from older children and adults, like diaper rash and cradle cap. </p> <p>Your baby will go through many <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborndevelopment.html">changes</a> during the first year of life. You may feel uneasy at first. Ask your health care provider for help if you need it.</p> Children and Teenagers Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé Infant Care Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Baby Health Checkup Breastfeeding Common Infant and Newborn Problems Infant and Newborn Development Infant and Newborn Nutrition Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems Baby Care Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Related Issues Consumer Product Safety Commission Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics <p>When will my baby take his first step or say her first word? During their first year, babies start to develop skills they will use for the rest of their lives. The normal growth of babies can be broken down into the following areas:</p> <ul> <li>Gross motor - controlling the head, sitting, crawling, maybe even starting to walk</li> <li>Fine motor - holding a spoon, picking up a piece of cereal between thumb and finger</li> <li>Sensory - seeing, hearing, tasting, touching and smelling</li> <li>Language - starting to make sounds, learning some words, understanding what people say </li> <li>Social - the ability to play with family members and other children</li> </ul> <p>Babies do not develop at the same rate. There is a wide range of what is considered &quot;normal.&quot; Your baby may be ahead in some areas and slightly behind in others. If you are worried about possible delays, talk to your baby's health care provider.</p> Children and Teenagers Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido Infant Behavior Child Development Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Child Development Toddler Development Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF In English and Spanish Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Center for Parent Information and Resources Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Related Issues Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation <p>Food provides the energy and nutrients that babies need to be healthy. For a baby, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html">breast milk</a> is best. It has all the necessary vitamins and minerals. Infant formulas are available for babies whose mothers are not able to or decide not to breastfeed.</p> <p>Infants are usually ready to eat solid foods at about 6 months of age. Check with your health care provider for the best time for your baby to start. If you introduce one new food at a time, you will be able to identify any foods that cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html">allergies</a> in your baby. Allergic reactions include a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">a rash</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">vomiting</a>.</p> <p>Many parents are concerned about peanut allergies. When babies can eat foods that contain peanuts depends on their risk of food allergies:</p> <ul> <li>Most babies can have peanut products when they are about 6 months of age</li> <li>Babies who have mild to moderate <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html">eczema</a> have a higher risk of food allergies. They usually can eat peanut products at about 6 months of age. If you have concerns about this, check with your baby's health care provider.</li> <li>Babies who have severe eczema or egg allergies are at high risk for peanut allergies. If your baby is at high risk, check with your baby's health care provider. Your baby may need allergy testing. Your baby's provider can also recommend when and how to give your baby peanut products.</li> </ul> <p>There are some foods that you should avoid feeding your baby:</p> <ul> <li>Do not give your baby honey before 1 year of age. Honey may contain bacteria that can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/botulism.html">botulism</a> in babies.</li> <li>Avoid cow's milk before age 1, since it does not have all of the nutrients that babies need and babies cannot digest it</li> <li>Unpasteurized drinks or foods (such as juices, milks, yogurt, or cheeses) may put your child at risk for an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecoliinfections.html">E. coli infection</a>. E coli is a harmful bacteria that can cause severe diarrhea.</li> <li>Certain foods that can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/choking.html">choking</a>, such as hard candy, popcorn, whole nuts, and grapes (unless they are cut into small pieces). Don't give your child these foods before age 3.</li> <li>Because it contains a lot of sugar, babies should not drink juice before age 1</li> </ul> Children and Teenagers Food and Nutrition Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido Infant Nutrition Disorders Infant Food Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Infant Formula Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Breastfeeding Child Nutrition Food Allergy Infant and Newborn Care Toddler Nutrition Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Service Specifics Nemours Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Videos and Tutorials Nemours Foundation Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Start Here Department of Agriculture Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Food and Drug Administration Journal Articles Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Infecciones causadas por bacterias <h3>¿Qué son las bacterias?</h3> <p>Las bacterias son pequeños organismos (seres vivos) que tienen una sola célula. Bajo el microscopio, parecen bolitas, varillas o espirales. Se pueden encontrar en casi todas partes del planeta. Hay muchas bacterias dentro y sobre el cuerpo. De hecho, el cuerpo tiene cerca de 10 veces más células bacterianas que células humanas.</p> <p>Existen muchos tipos diferentes de bacterias. La mayoría de los tipos no son capaces de enfermarle. Algunas son útiles. Por ejemplo, las bacterias "buenas" en el sistema digestivo pueden ayudar a su cuerpo a digerir los alimentos y absorber <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">minerales</a>. Pueden ayudar a protegerse de enfermedades. Las bacterias también se usan para elaborar alimentos como el yogur y el queso.</p> <p>Pero otros tipos de bacterias pueden causar infecciones y provocar enfermedades, las que se conocen como bacterias infecciosas. Estas pueden reproducirse rápidamente en el cuerpo. Muchas de ellas producen toxinas (veneno) que pueden dañar sus células y hacer que se enferme. Otros tipos pueden ingresar a los tejidos y dañarlos. Algunos ejemplos de bacterias que causan infecciones son <em><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html">Streptococcus</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/staphylococcalinfections.html">Staphylococcus</a></em> y <em><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecoliinfections.html">E. coli</a></em>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se propagan las infecciones bacterianas?</h3> <p>Las infecciones bacterianas se pueden propagar de distintas formas:</p> <ul> <li>A través de gotitas y partículas que exhala una persona infectada. Usted puede inhalar estas gotitas o partículas o pueden caer sobre su boca, nariz u ojos</li> <li>Al tocar superficies u objetos que tienen la bacteria y luego tocarse la boca, la nariz o los ojos</li> <li>A través de cortes, raspaduras y contacto piel con piel con una persona infectada</li> <li>De la persona embarazada al bebé <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">durante el embarazo</a></li> <li>A través de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">alimentos o agua contaminados</a></li> <li>Al ser mordido o picado por un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html">insecto</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html">animal</a> infectado</li> <li>A través del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">contacto sexual</a> (generalmente sexo vaginal, anal y oral) con una persona infectada</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones bacterianas?</h3> <p>En ocasiones, su sistema inmunitario puede combatir una infección bacteriana. Pero cuando necesite tratamiento, será con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>.</p> <p>Siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente cuando tome antibióticos. Cada vez que los tome, existe el riesgo de que las bacterias se vuelvan resistentes a los efectos de los antibióticos, lo que se conoce como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html">resistencia a los antibióticos</a>. Cuando esto ocurre, las bacterias no mueren y continúan creciendo. Pueden causar infecciones resistentes, que pueden ser difíciles y, en ocasiones, imposibles de tratar.</p> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones bacterianas?</h3> <p>Puede ayudar a prevenir algunas infecciones bacterianas al:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html">Vacunarse</a> contra las infecciones bacterianas</li> <li>Tener buenos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">hábitos de higiene</a>. Estos incluyen lavarse las manos con frecuencia y cubrirse la boca y la nariz al toser o estornudar</li> <li>Practicar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html">seguridad con los alimentos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">Limpiar y desinfectar</a> las superficies que toca con frecuencia</li> <li>Prevenir las picaduras de insectos usando un repelente de insectos registrado por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (EPA) al salir al aire libre. Si viaja a una zona con alto riesgo de enfermedades por picaduras de insectos, también use pantalones largos, camisas y calcetines</li> <li>Practicar sexo seguro. Esto significa usar un condón de látex cada vez que tenga sexo anal, vaginal u oral. Si usted o su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgico al látex</a>, puede usar condones de poliuretano</li> <li>Evitar el contacto cercano con personas enfermas</li> </ul> Infecciones Bacterial Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Antibióticos Botulismo Celulitis Enfermedad de Lyme Enfermedades meningocócicas Infecciones por campylobacter Infecciones por clamidia Infecciones por Clostridium difficile Infecciones por Escherichia coli Infecciones por estafilococo Infecciones por estreptococo Infecciones por Haemophilus Infecciones por micobacterias Infecciones por neumococo Infecciones por salmonela Medidas para el control de infecciones Picaduras de garrapatas Salud del viajero Tos ferina Tuberculosis Tétanos Vacunación Bacterias, Infecciones por Shigelosis Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <h3>¿Qué son las infecciones de la piel?</h3> <p>La piel es el órgano más grande del cuerpo. Tiene muchas funciones diferentes, incluyendo cubrir y proteger su cuerpo. Ayuda a mantener a distancia a los gérmenes, pero a veces estos pueden entrar al organismo a través de una infección en la piel. A menudo ocurre cuando los gérmenes ingresan al cuerpo a través de una herida, corte o herida en la piel. Otras infecciones de la piel pueden ocurrir en lugares donde la piel se frota, especialmente si está húmeda. Las infecciones también pueden ocurrir cuando tiene un suministro deficiente de sangre a un área del cuerpo o si su sistema inmunitario está debilitado debido a otra enfermedad o tratamiento médico.</p> <p>Algunas infecciones de la piel cubren un área pequeña en la parte superior de la piel. Otras infecciones pueden penetrar profundamente o extenderse a un área más grande.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son las causas de las infecciones de la piel?</h3> <p>Las infecciones de la piel son causadas por diferentes tipos de gérmenes. Por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Las bacterias causan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cellulitis.html">celulitis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html">impétigo</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/staphylococcalinfections.html">infecciones por estafilococo</a> </li> <li>Los virus causan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html">culebrilla</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/warts.html">verrugas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html">herpes simple</a></li> <li>Los hongos causan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html">pie de atleta</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html">infecciones por cándida</a></li> <li>Los parásitos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodylice.html">piojos del cuerpo</a>, de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html">cabeza</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scabies.html">sarna</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener una infección de la piel?</h3> <p>Es más probable que tenga una infección en la piel si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene mala circulación</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a></li> <li>Es adulto mayor</li> <li>Tiene una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">enfermedades del sistema inmunitario</a>, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a></li> <li>Tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado debido a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a> u otros medicamentos que bajan sus defensas</li> <li>Tiene que permanecer en una posición durante mucho tiempo, por ejemplo, si tiene que estar acostado por una afección o si está <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html">paralizado</a></li> <li>Está <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html">desnutrido</a></li> <li>Tiene muchos pliegues en la piel, lo que puede ocurrir si tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones de la piel?</h3> <p>Los síntomas dependen del tipo de infección. Algunos síntomas comunes a muchas infecciones de la piel incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">sarpullido</a>, hinchazón, enrojecimiento, dolor, pus y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html">picazón</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones de la piel?</h3> <p>Para diagnosticar una infección de la piel, su profesional de la salud le hará un examen físico y preguntará sobre sus síntomas. Es posible que le hagan pruebas de laboratorio, como un cultivo de piel, la que sirve para identificar qué tipo de infección tiene usando una muestra de su piel. Su profesional médico puede tomar la muestra con un hisopo o raspando su piel, o extrayendo un pequeño trozo de piel (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/biopsia-de-piel/">biopsia</a>). Algunas veces, se usan otras pruebas, como exámenes de sangre.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se tratan las infecciones de la piel?</h3> <p>El tratamiento depende del tipo de infección y de su gravedad. Algunas infecciones desaparecerán por sí solas. Cuando necesite tratamiento, puede incluir una crema o loción para la piel. Otros tratamientos posibles incluyen medicamentos y un procedimiento para drenar el pus.</p> Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Skin Infections Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Enfermedades de la piel Gangrena Infecciones bacterianas Infecciones por hongos Infecciones virales Piel, Infecciones Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Infección urinaria <p>El aparato urinario es el sistema de drenaje del cuerpo para eliminar los desechos y el exceso de agua. Incluye dos riñones, dos uréteres, una vejiga y una uretra. Las infecciones del tracto urinario son el segundo tipo más común de infección en el cuerpo.</p> <p>Es posible que tenga una infección de las vías urinarias si observa:</p> <ul> <li> Dolor o ardor al orinar </li> <li> Fiebre, cansancio o temblores </li> <li>Urgencia frecuente de orinar </li> <li> Presión en la región inferior del abdomen </li> <li> Orina con mal olor o con apariencia turbia o rojiza</li> <li>Con menor frecuencia, náusea o dolor de espalda</li> </ul> <p>Personas de cualquier edad o sexo pueden contraer infecciones urinarias. Pero las mujeres la sufren unas cuatro veces más que los hombres. Usted también está en mayor riesgo si tiene diabetes, necesita un tubo para drenar la vejiga o tiene una lesión de la médula espinal.</p> <p>Si piensa que tiene una infección urinaria, es importante que vea a su médico. El médico puede confirmarlo con una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html">prueba de orina</a>. Se trata con antibióticos.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Riñones y sistema urinario Infecciones Urinary Tract Infections Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades de la vejiga Vías urinarias, Infecciones de las Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Mujeres Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Infecciones óseas <p>Como otras partes del cuerpo, los huesos pueden infectarse. Las infecciones son generalmente causadas por bacterias (bacterianas) pero también pueden ser causadas por hongos. Pueden extenderse al hueso desde la piel cercana, los músculos de alrededor o a través del torrente sanguíneo. Las personas con mayor riesgo de infecciones óseas son las que padecen de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, mala circulación o una lesión reciente en el hueso. También las personas que son tratadas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">hemodiálisis</a>. </p> <p>Los síntomas de una infección en un hueso incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Dolor en el área infectada</li> <li>Escalofríos y fiebre</li> <li>Hinchazón, calor y enrojecimiento del área infectada</li> </ul> <p>Un examen de sangre o un diagnóstico por imágenes (como rayos X) pueden develar una infección en un hueso. El tratamiento incluye antibióticos y muchas veces, cirugía.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Infecciones Bone Infections Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Enfermedades de los huesos Huesos, Infecciones de los Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>Los ojos pueden infectarse con bacterias, hongos o virus. Las infecciones de los ojos pueden ocurrir en distintas partes del ojo y afectar sólo un ojo o ambos. Dos infecciones comunes del ojo son:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinkeye.html">Conjuntivitis</a>: también conocida como "ojo rojo". La conjuntivitis suele ser debida a una infección. Los niños presentan conjuntivitis con frecuencia y es muy contagiosa. </li> <li> Orzuelo: un abultamiento en el párpado que ocurre cuando las bacterias de la piel entran en el folículo piloso de una pestaña. </li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas de las infecciones oculares pueden incluir enrojecimiento, picazón, hinchazón, secreciones, dolor o problemas con la vista. El tratamiento depende de la causa de la infección y puede incluir compresas, gotas para los ojos, pomadas o antibióticos.</p> Ojos y visión Eye Infections Instituto Nacional del Ojo Conjuntivitis Enfermedades de los ojos Blefaritis Córnea, Infecciones Ojo seco Ojos, Herpes zóster oftálmico (HZO) Ojos, Infecciones Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Otitis media <p>Las infecciones de oídos son la causa más común por la que los padres llevan a sus hijos al médico. Tres de cuatro niños tendrán al menos una infección de oídos en el primer año de vida. Los adultos también pueden tener infecciones de oídos pero son menos comunes. </p> <p>En general, la infección afecta el oído medio y se denomina otitis media. Los tubos dentro de los oídos se tapan con líquido y moco. Esto puede afectar la audición, ya que el sonido no puede pasar a través de todo ese líquido. </p> <p>Si el niño todavía no habla, es necesario prestar atención a los signos de una infección:</p><ul> <li>Tironeo de los oídos</li> <li>Llanto más frecuente que lo usual</li> <li>Secreción en el oído</li> <li>Dificultad para dormir</li> <li>Problemas de equilibrio</li> <li>Problemas para escuchar</li> </ul> <p>Su proveedor de cuidados médicos puede diagnosticar la infección mirando dentro del oído con un instrumento llamado otoscopio. </p> <p>Con frecuencia, las infecciones de oído desaparecen sin tratamiento pero el médico puede recomendar medicinas para el dolor. Las infecciones más graves y las infecciones en bebés pueden requerir antibióticos. Los niños que tienen infecciones frecuentes pueden requerir una cirugía para colocar pequeños tubos dentro de los oídos. Los tubos alivian la presión dentro de los oídos y así el niño puede oír nuevamente. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</p> Niños y adolescentes Oído, nariz y garganta Ear Infections Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Oído del nadador Oído, Infecciones del Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours ETS Enfermedades transmitidas sexualmente Enfermedades venéreas <h3>¿Qué son las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)?</h3> <p>Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) o enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS) son infecciones que se transmiten de una persona a otra a través del contacto sexual. El contacto suele ser vaginal, oral y anal. Pero a veces pueden transmitirse a través de otro contacto físico íntimo involucrando el pene, vagina, boca o ano. Esto se debe a que algunas ITS, como el herpes y el VPH, se transmiten por contacto de piel a piel.</p> <p>Algunas ITS pueden transmitirse de una persona embarazada al bebé, ya sea <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">durante el embarazo</a> o al dar a luz. Otras formas en que las ITS pueden propagarse incluyen durante la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html">lactancia</a>, a través de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">transfusiones de sangre</a> o al compartir agujas.</p> <p>Hay más de 20 tipos de ITS, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chlamydiainfections.html">Clamidia</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalherpes.html">Herpes genital</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gonorrhea.html">Gonorrea</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html">VPH</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pubiclice.html">Ladillas</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/syphilis.html">Sífilis</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trichomoniasis.html">Tricomoniasis</a> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa las infecciones de transmisión sexual?</h3> <p>Las causas de las ITS pueden ser <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">bacterias</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virus</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html">parásitos</a>.</p> <h3>¿Quiénes se ven afectados por las infecciones de transmisión sexual?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las ITS afectan a hombres y a mujeres, pero en muchos casos los problemas de salud que causan pueden ser más graves en mujeres. Si una ITS pasa al bebé, puede causarle graves problemas de salud.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones de transmisión sexual?</h3> <p>Las ITS no siempre presentan síntomas, o solo pueden causar síntomas leves. Por lo mismo, es posible tener una infección y no saberlo. E incluso sin síntomas, las ITS pueden ser dañinas y se pueden transmitir a través de las relaciones sexuales.</p> <p>Si tiene síntomas, estos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Secreción inusual del pene o la vagina</li> <li> Llagas o verrugas en el área genital</li> <li>Micción frecuente o dolorosa</li> <li>Picazón y enrojecimiento en el área genital</li> <li>Ampollas o llagas en o alrededor de la boca</li> <li>Olor vaginal anormal </li> <li>Picazón, dolor o sangrado anal</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">Dolor abdominal</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones de transmisión sexual?</h3> <p>Si es sexualmente activo, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre su riesgo de contraer infecciones de transmisión sexual y si necesita hacerse la prueba. Esto es especialmente importante, ya que muchas ITS no suelen causar síntomas.</p> <p>Algunas ITS pueden diagnosticarse durante un examen físico o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-enfermedades-de-transmision-sexual-ets/">prueba de ITS</a>. Algunas pruebas incluyen examen microscópico de una llaga o líquido extraído de la vagina, el pene o el ano. Los análisis de sangre pueden diagnosticar otros tipos de ITS.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones de transmisión sexual?</h3> <p>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a> pueden tratar las ITS causadas por bacterias o parásitos. No existe cura para las ITS causadas por un virus, pero a menudo los medicamentos antivirales pueden ayudar con los síntomas y reducir su riesgo de propagar la infección.</p> <p>Es importante obtener tratamiento si tiene una ITS. Algunos tipos de ITS pueden causar problemas de salud serios si no se tratan.</p> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)?</h3> <p>La manera más segura de protegerse contra las ITS es no tener relaciones sexuales.</p> <p>Si decide tener relaciones sexuales, puede reducir su riesgo de contraer una ITS al:</p> <ul> <li>Realizar pruebas de ITS a usted y su pareja antes de tener relaciones sexuales</li> <li>Utilizar un condón cada vez que tiene relaciones sexuales. El uso correcto de los condones de latex reduce, pero no elimina por completo, el riesgo de contraer o contagiar una ITS. Si su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al latex</a>, puede utilizar condones de poliuretano</li> <li>Reducir el número de parejas sexuales. Incluso, usted puede considerar la "monogamia mutua" con sólo una pareja. Esto significa un acuerdo de ser sexualmente activo sólo con su pareja y a la vez su pareja acepta ser sexualmente activa sólo con usted. No obstante, primero deben realizarse una prueba para asegurarse que no tengan una ITS</li> <li>Vacunarse contra el VPH y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisb.html">hepatitis B</a></li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Mujeres Infecciones Hombres Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor femenino Sistema reproductor masculino Sexually Transmitted Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica Gonorrea Herpes simple Infecciones por clamidia Sífilis Tricomoniasis Verrugas genitales VIH Virus del papiloma humano Chancroide ETS (Enfermedad de transmisión sexual) Enfermedad venérea Molusco contagioso Transmisión sexual, Enfermedades de Uretritis no gonocócica Venérea, Enfermedad Verrugas anales Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Hombres Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Infecciones en el embarazo <p>Durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazo</a>, algunas infecciones comunes como el resfrío común o una infección de la piel generalmente no causan problemas graves. Pero otras infecciones pueden ser peligrosas para usted, su bebé o ambos. Algunas infecciones pueden provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html">parto prematuro</a> y bebés con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html">bajo peso al nacer</a>. Otros pueden causar enfermedades graves, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">defectos congénitos</a> y discapacidades de por vida, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html">pérdida de audición</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html">problemas de aprendizaje</a>.</p> <p>Algunas de las infecciones que pueden ser peligrosas durante el embarazo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Vaginosis bacteriana </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html">Estreptococos del grupo B</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html">Hepatitis</a></li> <li><a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html">Toxoplasmosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">Infecciones de las vías urinarias</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html">Infecciones por cándida</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/zikavirus.html">Virus del Zika</a></li> </ul> <p>Para tratar de prevenir las infecciones:</p> <ul> <li>No coma carne cruda o poco cocida</li> <li>No comparta alimentos o bebidas con otras personas</li> <li>Lávese las manos con frecuencia</li> <li>No limpie cajas de arena. Los gatos pueden transmitir toxoplasmosis</li> <li>Hable con su proveedor de atención médica sobre las vacunas</li> <li>Si tiene relaciones sexuales durante el embarazo, use un condón siempre</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene una infección durante el embarazo, comuníquese con su profesional de la salud sobre la mejor manera de protegerse usted y su bebé. Solo algunos medicamentos son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html">seguros durante el embarazo</a>.</p> Infecciones Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Infections and Pregnancy Cuidado prenatal Embarazo Medicinas durante el embarazo VIH y el embarazo Embarazo, Infecciones durante el Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos Casa Blanca de los Estados Unidos Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Campilobacteriosis <p>La infección por Campylobacter es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">enfermedad transmitida por los alimentos </a> común. Usted la contrae cuando consume alimentos contaminados, en especial aves que no están bien cocidas o crudas. También puede tenerla al tomar agua contaminada o leche cruda, o manipular excrementos de animales. </p> <p>Algunas personas infectadas no tienen ningún síntoma. Si usted presenta síntomas, en general aparece entre dos a cinco días después de la infección. Usualmente duran una semana y los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Diarrea, que puede ser con sangre</li> <li>Calambres</li> <li>Dolor abdominal</li> <li>Fiebre</li> <li>Fatiga</li> <li>Náusea y vómitos</li> </ul> <p>Los proveedores de atención médica usan pruebas de heces para hacer un diagnóstico. La mayoría de las personas mejora sin tratamiento. Usted debería beber mucho líquido mientras dure la diarrea. Las personas que tienen una infección grave o un sistema inmunitario debilitado pueden necesitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>. En casos raros, la infección puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousarthritis.html">artritis reactiva</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guillainbarresyndrome.html">síndrome de Guillain-Barré</a>. </p> <p>Para prevenir la campilobacteriosis, cocine la carne de pollo y de aves por completo. Use tablas y utensilios de cocina diferentes para cortar las carnes. Asegúrese de lavarlos bien con detergente y agua caliente luego de usarlos. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Campylobacter Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos Infecciones bacterianas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Clamidia <h3>¿Qué es la clamidia?</h3> <p>La clamidia es una <a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144">infección de transmisión sexual (ITS)</a> común. Es causada por la bacteria <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>. Cualquier persona puede contraer clamidia. A menudo no causa síntomas, por lo que es posible que las personas no sepan que la tienen. Los antibióticos pueden curarla. Pero si no se trata, la clamidia puede causar serios problemas de salud.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se propaga la clamidia?</h3> <p>Usted puede contraer clamidia durante el sexo oral, vaginal o anal con alguien que tiene clamidia. Una persona embarazada también puede transmitir clamidia a su bebé durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html">parto</a>.</p> <p>Si usted tuvo clamidia y recibió tratamiento en el pasado, puede volver a infectarse si tiene relaciones sexuales sin protección con alguien que la tenga.</p> <h3>¿Quién es más propenso a contraer clamidia?</h3> <p>La clamidia es más común en personas jóvenes, especialmente mujeres. Es más probable que se infecte con clamidia si no usa un condón constantemente o si tiene varias parejas sexuales.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la clamidia?</h3> <p>En general, la clamidia no presenta síntomas, por lo que puede no darse cuenta que la tiene. Pero aun si no tiene síntomas, de todas formas puede contagiar la infección a otras personas.</p> <p>Si tiene síntomas, es posible que no aparezcan hasta varias semanas después de haber tenido relaciones sexuales con una persona con clamidia.</p> <p>Los síntomas en las mujeres incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Flujo vaginal anormal, que puede tener un fuerte olor</li> <li>Sensación de ardor al orinar</li> </ul> <p>Si la infección se propaga, es posible presentar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">dolor abdominal</a> bajo, dolor durante las relaciones sexuales, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">náuseas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a>.</p> <p>Los síntomas en los hombres incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Secreción del pene</li> <li>Sensación de ardor al orinar</li> <li>Dolor e inflamación en uno o ambos testículos, aunque esto es menos común</li> </ul> <p>Si la clamidia infecta el recto puede causar dolor rectal, secreción y/o sangrado tanto en hombres como en mujeres.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la clamidia?</h3> <p>La clamidia se diagnostica con pruebas de laboratorio. Su profesional de la salud puede pedirle una muestra de orina. O su proveedor puede usar (o pedirle que use) un hisopo de algodón para obtener una muestra de la vagina para detectar clamidia.</p> <h3>¿Quién debe hacerse la prueba de la clamidia?</h3> <p> Usted debe acudir a su proveedor de salud para un examen si presenta síntomas de la clamidia, o si su pareja tiene una infección de transmisión sexual. Las personas embarazadas deben hacerse una prueba cuando van a su primera <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html">visita prenatal</a>. </p> <p>Las personas en mayor riesgo que deben ser evaluadas para detectar clamidia cada año son:</p> <ul> <li>Mujeres sexualmente activas de 25 años o menos</li> <li>Mujeres mayores que tienen nuevas o múltiples parejas sexuales, o una pareja con una infección de transmisión sexual</li> <li>Hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la clamidia?</h3> <p>En las mujeres, una infección de clamidia no tratada puede propagarse al útero y trompas de Falopio, causando <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html">enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica</a>. Esta afección puede causar daños permanentes en el sistema reproductor. Esto puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicpain.html">dolor pélvico</a> crónico, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html">infertilidad</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ectopicpregnancy.html">embarazo ectópico</a>. Las mujeres que han tenido infecciones por clamidia más de una vez están en mayor riesgo de complicaciones graves de salud reproductiva.</p> <p>Los hombres en general no presentan problemas de salud por la clamidia. A veces puede infectar el epidídimo, el tubo por el que se trasladan los espermatozoides. Esto puede causar dolor, fiebre y, en raras ocasiones, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html">infertilidad</a>. </p> <p>La infección por clamidia también puede provocar artritis reactiva tanto en hombres como mujeres. Este tipo de artritis ocurre como una "reacción" a una infección en el cuerpo. </p> <p>Los bebés nacidos de madres infectadas con clamidia pueden contraer infecciones a los ojos y neumonía. También puede ser más probable que el bebé nazca antes de tiempo.</p> <p>La clamidia no tratada también puede aumentar sus probabilidades de contraer o transmitir el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la clamidia?</h3> <p>La infección se cura con antibióticos. Es posible obtenerlos en una sola dosis, o puede que tenga que tomar medicamentos durante 7 días. Es importante que tome todos los medicamentos que su profesional de la salud le recetó. Los antibióticos no curarán cualquier daño permanente que haya causado la enfermedad.</p> <p>Para evitar infectar a su pareja, usted no debe tener relaciones sexuales hasta que la infección haya terminado. Si recibió una dosis única de antibióticos, debe esperar siete días después de tomar la medicina para volver a tener relaciones sexuales. Si usted debe tomar medicamentos por siete días, no debe tener relaciones sexuales hasta haber terminado el tratamiento.</p> <p>Es común volver a contraer la infección, por lo que necesita hacerse la prueba de nuevo unos tres meses después de finalizar el tratamiento.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se puede prevenir la clamidia?</h3> <p>La única forma segura de prevenir la clamidia es no tener sexo vaginal, anal u oral.</p> <p>El uso correcto de los condones de látex reduce en gran medida, aunque no elimina, el riesgo de contraer y contagiar la clamidia. Si su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al látex</a>, puede ayudar usar condones de poliuretano.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor femenino Sistema reproductor masculino Chlamydia Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones de transmisión sexual Chlamydia, Infecciones por Clamidia, Infecciones por Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Hombres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Colitis seudomembranosa Enterocolitis por Clostridium <h3>¿Qué es <i>Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)</i>?</h3> <p><i>Clostridium difficile</i> es una bacteria que puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a> y afecciones intestinales más serias, como la colitis. También se conoce con otros nombres, como <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> (un nombre nuevo) o <i>C. difficile</i>. Causa cerca de medio millón de casos en los Estados Unidos cada año.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la infección por <i>Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)</i>?</h3> <p>En general, las bacterias <i>C. difficile</i> se encuentran en el medio ambiente, pero las personas comúnmente solo se infectan con <i>C. difficile</i> cuando están tomando <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>. Esto se debe a que los antibióticos no solo eliminan los gérmenes dañinos, sino que también matan a los gérmenes buenos que protegen su cuerpo contra las infecciones. El efecto de los antibióticos puede durar por varios meses. Si entra en contacto con bacterias de <i>C. difficile</i> durante este tiempo, puede enfermarse. Es más probable que se infecte con <i>C. difficile</i> si toma antibióticos durante más de una semana.</p> <p>La infección por <i>C. difficile</i> se propaga cuando las personas tocan alimentos, superficies u objetos contaminados con heces de una persona con la bacteria.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidad de tener una infección por <i>Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)</i>?</h3> <p>Es más probable que tenga <i>C. difficile</i> si:</p> <ul> <li>Está tomando antibióticos</li> <li>Tiene 65 años o más</li> <li>Recientemente estuvo hospitalizado o se quedó en una residencia para personas mayores</li> <li>Tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado</li> <li>Ha tenido una infección previa con <i>C. difficile</i> o ha estado expuesto a ella</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la infección por <i>Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)</i>?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de infecciones por <i>C. difficile</i> incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Diarrea (deposiciones sueltas y acuosas) o frecuente evacuación de las heces durante varios días</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li>Dolor o sensibilidad del estómago</li> <li>Pérdida de apetito</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náusea</a></li> </ul> <p>La diarrea severa hace que pierda muchos líquidos. Esto puede ponerlo en riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratación</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones por <i>Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)</i>?</h3> <p>Si ha estado tomando antibióticos recientemente y tiene síntomas de una infección por <i>C. difficile</i>, debe consultar a su profesional de la salud, quien le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y le realizará una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">prueba de laboratorio de heces</a>. En algunos casos, es posible que también necesite una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">prueba de imágenes</a> como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografía</a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> para ver posibles complicaciones.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones por <i>Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)</i>?</h3> <p>Ciertos antibióticos pueden tratar la infección. Si ya estaba tomando un antibiótico diferente cuando se le diagnosticó <i>C. difficile</i>, su profesional de la salud puede pedirle que lo deje de tomar.</p> <p>Si tiene un caso grave, es posible que deba ser hospitalizado. Si tiene dolor muy intenso o complicaciones graves, es posible que necesite una cirugía para extirpar parte de su colon.</p> <p>Cerca de 1 de cada 6 personas que ha tenido una infección por <i>C. difficile</i> la volverá a tener. dentro de las 2 a 8 semanas siguientes. Esto se conoce como infección recurrente de <i>Clostridium difficile</i>. Puede ser que su infección original haya vuelto o que tenga una nueva infección. Hable con su profesional de la salud si sus síntomas regresan.</p> <p>Para las personas que siguen contrayendo infecciones por <i>Clostridium difficile</i>, tratamientos como trasplantes de microbiota fecal han mostrado resultados prometedores. El trasplante utiliza heces (o bacterias de las heces) de un donante sano para intentar restablecer el equilibrio de las bacterias saludables en los intestinos.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la infección por <i>Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)</i>?</h3> <p>Hay pasos que puede tomar para tratar de prevenir la infección o la propagación de <i>C. difficile</i>:</p> <ul> <li>Lávese las manos con agua y jabón después de usar el baño y antes de comer</li> <li>Si tiene diarrea, limpie el baño antes de que alguien más lo use. Use lejía mezclada con agua u otro desinfectante para limpiar el asiento, la manija y la tapa del inodoro</li> </ul> <p>Los profesionales de la salud también pueden ayudar a prevenir la infección por <i>C. difficile</i> tomando precauciones de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html">control de infecciones</a> y mejorando la forma en que recetan antibióticos.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Sistema digestivo Infecciones C. diff Infections Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Candidiasis Candidiasis vulvovaginal Infección micótica vaginal Infección vaginal por hongo <p>Cándida es el nombre científico de una levadura. Es un hongo que vive en casi todas partes, incluso dentro de su cuerpo. Por lo general, el sistema inmunitario mantiene los hongos bajo control. Si está enfermo o toma antibióticos, pueden multiplicarse y causar una infección.</p> <p>Las infecciones por cándida afectan distintas partes del cuerpo de distintas maneras:</p><ul> <li> El muguet o candidiasis oral es una infección por hongos que causa manchas blancas en la boca </li> <li> La esofagitis por cándida es muguet que se disemina hacia el esófago, el tubo que lleva la comida desde la boca hacia el estómago. Provoca dolor o dificultades para tragar </li> <li> Las mujeres pueden tener infecciones vaginales por cándida, lo que causa <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginitis.html">vaginitis</a></li> <li> Las infecciones en la piel por cándida causan picazón y erupciones cutáneas</li> <li> La candidiasis en la sangre puede poner la vida en peligro </li> </ul> <p>Los antimicóticos pueden eliminar las infecciones por cándida en la mayoría de las personas. Si tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado, el tratamiento puede ser más difícil.</p> Infecciones Salud oral y dental Sistema reproductor femenino Yeast Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones por hongos Aftas Candidiasis Vagina, Infección por hongo Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours E. Coli <p>E. coli es el nombre de un tipo de bacteria que vive en el intestino. La mayoría de las E. coli no causan problemas. Pero, algunos tipos pueden producir enfermedades y causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a>. Uno de ellos causa la diarrea del viajero. El peor tipo de E. coli causa una diarrea hemorrágica y a veces puede causar insuficiencia renal y hasta la muerte. Esto, en general, ocurre en niños y en adultos con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados. </p> <p>Se pueden adquirir infecciones por E. coli al consumir alimentos que contienen la bacteria. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Náuseas o vómitos </li> <li>Fuertes cólicos abdominales </li> <li>Diarrea líquida o con mucha sangre</li> <li>Cansancio</li> <li>Fiebre</li> </ul> <p>Para evitar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">intoxicación por alimentos</a> y prevenir infecciones, manipule la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html">comida con seguridad</a>. Cocine bien las carnes, lave las frutas y verduras antes de comerlas o cocinarlas y evite la leche y los jugos sin pasteurizar. La infección también se puede adquirir al tragar agua en una piscina contaminada con desechos humanos. </p> <p>La mayoría de los casos de infección por E. coli mejoran sin tratamiento en cinco a 10 días. </p> Infecciones E. Coli Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Diarrea Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos Infecciones bacterianas Seguridad con los alimentos E. coli (Escherichia coli), Infecciones por Escherichia coli Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia <h3>¿Qué son las infecciones por estafilococos?</h3> <p>Las <i>Staphylococcus</i> son un grupo de bacterias. Hay más de 30 tipos. Un tipo llamado <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> causa la mayoría de las infecciones por estafilococo.</p> <p>Las bacterias de estafilococos pueden causar muchos tipos diferentes de infecciones, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html">Infecciones de la piel</a>: Los tipos más comunes de infecciones por estafilococos</li> <li>Bacteremia: Infección del torrente sanguíneo que puede llevar a una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html">sepsis</a>, una respuesta inmune muy seria a la infección</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/boneinfections.html">Infecciones de los huesos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html">Endocarditis</a>: Infección del revestimiento interno de las cámaras y válvulas del corazón</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">Intoxicación por alimentos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">Neumonía</a></li> <li>Síndrome del shock tóxico: Afección potencialmente mortal causada por toxinas de ciertos tipos de bacterias</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa las infecciones por estafilococos?</h3> <p>Algunas personas tienen estafilococos en la piel o en la nariz, pero no contraen una infección. Pero si se cortan o hieren, las bacterias pueden entrar al cuerpo y causarla.</p> <p>Los estafilococos pueden propagarse de una persona a otra. También pueden encontrarse en objetos, como toallas, ropa, manijas de puertas, equipo deportivo y el control remoto. Si tiene estafilococos y no manipula adecuadamente los alimentos cuando los está preparando, también puede contagiar a otros.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de contraer una infección por estafilococos?</h3> <p>Cualquiera puede desarrollar una infección por estafilococos, pero ciertas personas tienen más probabilidades de contraerla, incluidas aquellas que:</p> <ul> <li>Tienen una afección crónica como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, cáncer, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html">enfermedad vascular</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html">eccema</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">enfermedad pulmonar</a></li> <li>Tienen un sistema inmunitario debilitado, como por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a>, medicamentos para prevenir el rechazo de órganos o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a></li> <li>Tuvieron una cirugía</li> <li>Están en el hospital</li> <li>Usan un catéter, tubo de respiración o de alimentación</li> <li>Tienen un dispositivo implantado, como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">marcapasos</a>, una articulación artificial o una válvula cardiaca</li> <li>Tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html">quemaduras</a>, especialmente si son profundas o cubren una amplia área del cuerpo</li> <li>Están en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">diálisis</a></li> <li>Se inyectan drogas ilegales</li> <li>Practican deportes de contacto, ya que pueden tener contacto piel a piel con otras personas o compartir equipo deportivo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones por estafilococos?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de una infección por estafilococos dependen del tipo de infección:</p> <ul> <li>Las <b>infecciones de la piel</b> pueden verse como granos o forúnculos. Pueden estar enrojecidos, inflamados y causar dolor. En ocasiones hay pus u otro líquido. Se pueden convertir en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html">impétigo</a> y desarrollar una costra en la piel, o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cellulitis.html">celulitis</a>, un área inflamada y roja de la piel que se siente caliente</li> <li>Las <b>infecciones de los huesos</b> pueden causar dolor, hinchazón, calor y enrojecimiento en el área infectada. También puede tener escalofríos y fiebre</li> <li>La <b>endocarditis</b> causa algunos síntomas parecidos a la gripe, como fiebre, escalofríos y fatiga. También causa síntomas como latidos rápidos del corazón, dificultad para respirar y acumulación de líquido en sus brazos o piernas</li> <li>La <b>intoxicación por alimentos</b> generalmente causa <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">náusea y vómitos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a> y fiebre. Si pierde demasiados líquidos, también puede <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratarse</a></li> <li>Los síntomas de la <b>neumonía</b> incluyen fiebre alta, escalofríos y tos que no mejoran. También puede tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">dolor de pecho</a> y dificultad para respirar</li> <li>El <b>síndrome de shock tóxico</b> causa fiebre alta, presión arterial baja repentina, vómitos, diarrea y confusión. Es posible que tenga una erupción similar a una quemadura solar en algún lugar de su cuerpo. Este síndrome puede conducir a fallo orgánico</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones por estafilococos?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud le hará un examen físico y le preguntará sobre sus síntomas. A menudo, los médicos pueden establecer si tiene una infección de la piel por estafilococos al observarla. Para verificar otros tipos de infecciones por estafilococos, se puede hacer un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">cultivo</a> con un raspado de la piel, una muestra de tejido, una muestra de heces, o muestra de garganta o nariz con hisopo. Otras pruebas como las de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">imagen</a> se pueden realizar según el tipo de infección.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones por estafilococos?</h3> <p>El tratamiento para las infecciones por estafilococos son los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>. Según el tipo de infección, los antibióticos pueden ser una crema, ungüento, medicamentos (para tragar) o medicamentos intravenosos. Si tiene una herida infectada, su profesional médico puede drenarla. A veces es posible que necesite una cirugía para las infecciones óseas.</p> <p>Algunas infecciones por estafilococos, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mrsa.html">SARM</a> (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> resistente a la meticilina), son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html">resistentes a muchos antibióticos</a>. Pero hay ciertos antibióticos que pueden tratar estas infecciones.</p> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones por estafilococos?</h3> <p>Ciertos pasos pueden ayudar a prevenir las infecciones por estafilococos:</p> <ul> <li>Use buena <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">higiene</a>, incluyendo lavarse las manos frecuentemente</li> <li>No comparta toallas, sábanas o ropa con alguien que tenga una infección por estafilococos</li> <li>Es mejor no compartir equipo deportivo. Si necesita compartirlo, asegúrese de que se limpie y seque correctamente antes de usarlo por otra persona</li> <li>Practique la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html">seguridad de los alimentos</a>, incluyendo no preparar alimentos para otras personas cuando tiene una infección por estafilococos</li> <li>Si tiene un corte o herida, manténgala cubierta</li> </ul> Infecciones Staphylococcal Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Celulitis Impétigo Infecciones por estafilococo resistente a la meticilina Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica SARM <p>SARM (MRSA en inglés) son las siglas en español para las infecciones por <em><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/staphylococcalinfections.html">estafilococo aureus</a></em> resistente a la meticiclina. Esta bacteria provoca infecciones que son resistentes a varios <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a> comunes. Existen dos tipos de esta infección: la SARM hospitalaria, que es la que ocurre en las personas que se encuentran en hospitales o centros de cuidado de la salud y la SARM adquirida en la comunidad que es la que se presenta en personas que tienen contacto directo y cercano con otras personas, tales como los atletas que practican fútbol americano o lucha.</p> <p>Para detener la SARM en los hospitales es importante un eficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html">control de la infección</a>. Para prevenir la SARM adquirida en la comunidad:</p> <ul> <li> Ponga en práctica las buenas costumbres de higiene </li> <li> Mantenga las cortaduras o los arañazos limpios y cubiertos con un vendaje hasta su curación</li> <li> Evite el contacto con las heridas o las vendas de otras personas </li> <li> Evite compartir artículos personales, como toallas, toallitas faciales, rasuradoras o ropa</li> <li> Lave las sábanas, las toallas y la ropa contaminada en agua caliente con cloro y séquelas en una secadora de calor </li> </ul> <p>Si una herida parece estar infectada, consulte a un profesional de la salud. El tratamiento puede incluir drenar la infección y tomar antibióticos.</p> Infecciones MRSA Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Antibióticos Infecciones por estafilococo Medidas para el control de infecciones Estafilococo aureus resistente a la meticilina Estafilococo resistente a la meticilina SARM Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>El estreptococo es un tipo de bacteria. Existen varios tipos. Dos de ellos causan la mayoría de infecciones por estreptococo en las personas: Grupo A y grupo B.</p> <p>El estreptococo del grupo A causa:</p> <ul> <li> Infección en la garganta: Una garganta irritada y adolorida. Sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tonsillitis.html">amígdalas</a> pueden estar hinchadas y tener manchas blancas</li> <li> Escarlatina: Una enfermedad que ocurre después de la faringitis estreptocócica. Provoca una erupción roja en el cuerpo</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html">Impétigo</a>: Una infección en la piel </li> <li> Síndrome del shock tóxico </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cellulitis.html">Celulitis</a> y fascitis necrotizante (enfermedad necrotizante) </li> </ul> <p>El estreptococo del grupo B puede causar infecciones de la sangre, neumonía y meningitis en los recién nacidos. Una prueba durante el embarazo puede indicar si la tiene. Si es así, antibióticos vía intravenosa durante el parto pueden salvar la vida de su bebé.</p> <p>Los adultos también pueden contraer infecciones por estreptococos del grupo B, especialmente si son mayores de 65 años o si tienen problemas de salud. El estreptococo grupo B puede causar en adultos infecciones del tracto urinario, la sangre y la piel; y neumonía.</p> <p>Para tratar las infecciones por estreptococos se utilizan antibióticos.</p> Infecciones Oído, nariz y garganta Streptococcal Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Celulitis Impétigo Escarlatina Estreptococo, Infecciones por Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Mujeres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Giardiasis <p>La giardiasis es una enfermedad causada por un parásito llamado Giardia intestinalis. Este parásito vive en el suelo, los alimentos y el agua. También puede estar en las superficies contaminadas con desperdicios. También se puede estar expuesto al parásito a través de la materia fecal durante el contacto sexual. La infección puede ocurrir si se traga el parásito. </p> <p>El riesgo de contraer guardia es más alto en personas que viajan a países donde el parásito es común, en guarderías infantiles y en personas que beben agua sin tratar. </p> <p>La diarrea es el principal síntoma de la infección por giardia. Otros pueden ser:</p><ul> <li>Gas</li> <li>Evacuaciones grasosas</li> <li>Cólicos abdominales</li> <li>Malestar estomacal o nauseas</li> </ul> <p>Estos síntomas pueden conducir a pérdida de peso y de líquidos corporales. Algunas personas no tienen ningún síntoma. En quienes los presentan, suelen durar de dos a seis semanas. Una muestra de materia fecal puede diagnosticarla. Muchas veces se necesita recolectar varias muestras para examinar. Los médicos utilizan varios medicamentos para tratarla. </p> <p>La mejor manera de prevenir la giardiasis es practicar una buena higiene, incluyendo el lavado de manos frecuente. No debe consumir agua que pueda estar contaminada. También debe pelar o lavar la fruta fresca y verduras antes de comer. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Giardia Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Agua potable Enfermedades parasitarias Giardia, Infecciones por Giardiasis Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>Haemophilus es el nombre de un grupo de bacterias que pueden causar diferentes tipos de enfermedades que involucran la respiración, los huesos, las articulaciones y el sistema nervioso. </p> <p>Hay varios tipos de Haemophilus. Uno común es Hib (<em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> tipo b), que provoca una enfermedad grave. Por lo general afecta a niños menores de cinco años. Su niño puede contraer la enfermedad por Hib al estar cerca de otros niños o adultos que tengan la bacteria sin saberlo. Los gérmenes se propagan de persona a persona. Si los gérmenes permanecen en la nariz y en la garganta del niño, probablemente no se enferme. Pero a veces los gérmenes pasan a los pulmones o al torrente sanguíneo y entonces el Hib puede causar problemas graves como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html">meningitis</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a>.</p> <p>Existe una vacuna para prevenir la enfermedad Hib. Todos los niños menores de cinco años de edad deben ser vacunados con la vacuna Hib.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Haemophilus Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones bacterianas Meningitis Neumonía Vacunas para los niños Haemophilus, Infecciones por Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p><em>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)</em> es un tipo de bacteria que causa infección en el estómago. Es la principal causa de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html">úlceras pépticas</a> y también puede causar gastritis y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stomachcancer.html">cáncer de estómago</a>.</p> <p>Cerca del 30 al 40 % de las personas en los Estados Unidos contraen una infección por <em>H. pylori</em>. La mayoría de las personas la contraen de niños. En general, la <em>H. pylori</em> no causa síntomas, pero puede romper la capa protectora interna en el estómago de algunas personas y causar inflamación. Esto puede causar gastritis o una úlcera péptica.</p> <p>Los investigadores no están seguros de cómo se propaga la <em>H. pylori</em>. Piensan que se puede diseminar por alimentos y agua sucios, o por contacto con la saliva y otros fluidos corporales de una persona infectada.</p> <p>Una úlcera péptica causa un dolor sordo o ardiente en el estómago, especialmente cuando tiene el estómago vacío. Tiene una duración de minutos a horas, y puede aparecer y desaparecer durante varios días o semanas. También puede causar otros síntomas, como hinchazón, náuseas y pérdida de peso. Si tiene síntomas de una úlcera péptica, su profesional de la salud lo examinará para ver si tiene <em>H. pylori</em>. Hay pruebas de sangre, aliento y heces para detectarla. En algunos casos, es posible que necesite una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html">endoscopia</a> superior, a menudo con una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a>.</p> <p>Si tiene una úlcera péptica, el tratamiento consiste en una combinación de antibióticos y medicamentos reductores de ácido. Deberá volver a hacerse la prueba después del tratamiento para asegurarse de que la infección haya desaparecido.</p> <p>No hay vacuna para <em>H. pylori</em>. Dado que puede propagarse a través de alimentos y agua contaminados, es posible que pueda prevenirla si:</p> <ul> <li>Lavarse las manos después de usar el baño y antes de comer</li> <li>Comer alimentos preparados adecuadamente</li> <li>Beber agua de fuentes limpias y seguras</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH:Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Infecciones Helicobacter Pylori Infections Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de estómago Úlcera péptica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Infecciones micóticas <p>Si alguna vez tuvo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html">pie de atleta</a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html">infección por cándida</a> (candidiasis), puede culpar a un hongo. Los hongos son organismos primitivos. Las setas y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html">moho</a> son algunos tipos de hongos. Los hongos viven en el aire, el suelo, las plantas y el agua. Algunos viven en el cuerpo humano. Sólo aproximadamente la mitad de todos los tipos de hongos son dañinos. </p> <p>Algunos hongos se reproducen mediante pequeñas esporas en el aire. Estas esporas pueden inhalarse o pueden caer sobre las personas. Como consecuencia, las infecciones por hongos (micóticas) suelen comenzar en los pulmones o en la piel. Es más probable que contraiga una infección micótica si tiene un sistema inmunitario debilitado. </p> <p>Los hongos pueden ser difíciles de matar. Para las infecciones en la piel y las uñas, se pueden aplicar medicamentos directamente sobre el área infectada. Los medicamentos antimicóticos por vía oral también se encuentran disponibles para las infecciones graves. </p> Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Fungal Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Aspergilosis Fiebre del valle Histoplasmosis Infecciones por cándida Infecciones por Pneumocystis Infecciones por tiña Moho Pie de atleta Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Listeria Listeriosis <p>La listeriosis es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">enfermedad transmitida por alimentos</a> causada por la listeria monocytogenes, una bacteria que se encuentra en la tierra y el agua. Puede encontrarse en una variedad de alimentos crudos, así como en alimentos procesados y hechos con leche no pasteurizada. La listeria es distinta a muchos otros gérmenes porque puede crecer incluso dentro de las temperaturas frías de un refrigerador. </p> <p>Los síntomas incluyen fiebre y escalofríos, dolor de cabeza, malestar estomacal y vómitos. El tratamiento es con antibióticos.</p> <p>Cualquiera puede contraer la enfermedad. Pero es más probable que afecte a las mujeres embarazadas, fetos, personas de edad avanzada y personas con el sistema inmunitario debilitado. Para reducir el riesgo:</p><ul> <li> Use los alimentos precocidos y las comidas listas para consumir lo antes que pueda </li> <li> Evite la leche y los productos lácteos sin pasteurizar </li> <li> Caliente los alimentos listos para consumir y las sobras hasta que les salga vapor </li> <li> Lave las frutas frescas y las verduras </li> <li> Evite las carnes y los mariscos ahumados poco cocidos </li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Listeria Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos Listeria, Infecciones por Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Video Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Infecciones micobacterianas <p>Las micobacterias son un tipo de gérmen. Hay varios tipos. El más común causa la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html">tuberculosis</a> Otro causa la lepra. Y otros causan infecciones llamadas infecciones por micobacterias atípicas. No son "típicas" porque no causan tuberculosis, pero pueden provocar daño, sobre todo a personas con problemas inmunitarios, como el sida.</p> <p>A veces, usted puede tener estas infecciones pero no tener síntomas. En otras ocasiones, puede tener síntomas en los pulmones similares a los de la tuberculosis:</p> <ul> <li>Tos</li> <li>Pérdida de peso</li> <li>Tos con sangre o mucosidad</li> <li>Cansancio y fatiga</li> <li>Fiebre y escalofríos</li> <li>Transpiración de noche</li> <li>Falta de apetito </li> </ul> <p>Estas infecciones se pueden tratar con medicamentos, pero varias veces se necesita más de uno. </p> Infecciones Mycobacterial Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Micobacterias, Infecciones por Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Infecciones neumocócicas <p>El neumococo es un tipo de bacteria <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html">estreptocócica</a>. La bacteria se disemina a través del contacto con personas que están infectadas o con personas que no están enfermas pero que portan la bacteria en la parte posterior de su nariz. Las infecciones neumocócicas pueden ser leves o graves. Las infecciones más comunes son:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html">Infecciones del oído</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html">Sinusitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">Neumonía</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html">Sepsis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html">Meningitis</a></li> </ul> <p>Cómo se realice el diagnóstico depende de dónde está la infección. Su médico le hará un examen físico y le preguntará acerca de su historia clínica. Las posibles pruebas pueden incluir exámenes de sangre, imágenes o pruebas de laboratorio. El tratamiento es con antibióticos. Las vacunas previenen las infecciones por neumococo. Existen dos vacunas. Una para recién nacidos y niños pequeños. La otra es para personas en riesgo, incluyendo aquellas personas mayores de 65 años o que padecen de una enfermedad crónica o que tienen un sistema inmune debilitado o que fuman o tienen asma o viven en residencias de cuidado. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Pneumococcal Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones por estreptococo Meningitis Neumonía Sepsis Sinusitis Neumococo, Infecciones por Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Norovirus <p>Los Norovirus son un grupo de virus relacionados. La infección con el Norovirus provoca una enfermedad llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html">gastroenteritis</a>, que es la inflamación del estómago y los intestinos. Las personas pueden contagiarse unas a otras o por medio del agua o alimentos contaminados. También se puede adquirir el Norovirus si se toca una superficie contaminada. Estas infecciones pueden ser graves, sobre todo para niños pequeños y personas mayores.</p> <p>Los síntomas más comunes de una infección por Norovirus son:</p> <ul> <li>Diarrea</li> <li>Náuseas y vómitos</li> <li>Dolor de estómago</li> </ul> <p>Otros síntomas pueden ser: fiebre, dolor de cabeza o dolor general en el cuerpo.</p> <p>El tratamiento incluye descanso y beber muchos líquidos para prevenir la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratación</a>. No hay un medicamento específico para tratar las infecciones por Norovirus.</p> <p>Estas infecciones pueden prevenirse con un adecuado lavado de manos y un manejo apropiado de los alimentos cuando se cocinan.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Sistema digestivo Infecciones Norovirus Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Gastroenteritis Norwalk Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Neumocistosis Neumonía por Pneumocystis carinii Pneumocystis jiroveci <h3>¿Qué es <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii?</em></h3> <p><em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> es un hongo común en todo el mundo. Muchas personas han estado expuestas a él cuando eran niños. Algunas personas tienen el hongo en sus pulmones. Si está sano, normalmente no le enfermará. Pero puede enfermarlo si tiene un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario debilitado</a>, por ejemplo si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a></li> <li>Tiene una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">enfermedad autoinmune</a></li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a></li> <li>Tiene una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">enfermedad pulmonar</a> crónica (de larga duración)</li> <li>Se sometió a un trasplante de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">órgano</a> o de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">médula ósea</a></li> <li>Toma medicamentos que debilitan su sistema inmunitario, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se propaga <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em>?</h3> <p><em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> puede transmitirse de persona a persona a través del aire. Usted puede contagiar a otras personas incluso si no está enfermo.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la neumonía por Pneumocystis?</h3> <p>El tipo más común de infección causada por <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> es la neumonía por Pneumocystis. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a> es una infección en uno o ambos pulmones. Hace que los sacos de aire de los pulmones se llenen de líquido o pus.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la neumonía por Pneumocystis?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la neumonía por Pneumocystis pueden desarrollarse durante varios días o semanas. Estos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor de pecho</a></li> <li>Escalofríos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> </ul> <p>Contacte a su profesional de la salud si tiene síntomas que cree que están relacionados con la neumonía por Pneumocystis. Dado que la esta afección puede poner en riesgo la vida, es importante recibir tratamiento temprano.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la neumonía por Pneumocystis?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene neumonía por Pneumocystis, su profesional de la salud tomará una muestra de fluido o tejido de sus pulmones. Es posible que usted tosa la muestra (llamada esputo), le recolecten líquido durante un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/">lavado broncoalveolar</a> o le hagan una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> para extraer tejido. La muestra se envía al laboratorio para detectar <em>Pneumocystis</em>.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la neumonía por Pneumocystis?</h3> <p>La neumonía por Pneumocystis se trata con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>, ya sea por vía oral o intravenosa. Debe tomarlos durante unas 3 semanas. Si tiene un caso grave de neumonía por Pneumocystis, es posible que necesite tratamiento en el hospital.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la neumonía por Pneumocystis?</h3> <p>No existe ninguna vacuna para prevenir la neumonía por Pneumocystis. Es posible que algunas personas con un alto riesgo de contraer la afección deban tomar antibióticos para prevenirla.</p> Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Infecciones Pulmón y vías respiratorias Sistema inmunitario Pneumocystis Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Neumocistosis Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumocystis, Infecciones por Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Salmonella Salmonelosis <p>Salmonela es el nombre de un grupo de bacterias. En Estados Unidos es la causa más común de las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</a>. La salmonela se encuentra en las aves crudas, los huevos, la carne vacuna y, algunas veces, en las frutas y vegetales sin lavar. También se puede adquirir tras manipular mascotas, especialmente reptiles como las serpientes, tortugas y lagartos.</p> <p>Los síntomas incluyen:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a></li> <li>Cólicos abdominales </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li>Pueden presentarse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">náuseas, vómitos</a> y pérdida de apetito</li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas suelen durar entre cuatro y siete días. Su proveedor de salud puede diagnosticarla con una prueba de heces. La mayoría de las personas mejora sin tratamiento. Puede ser más grave entre los adultos mayores, niños pequeños y personas con enfermedades crónicas. Si la salmonela penetra en el torrente sanguíneo, puede ser seria. Se trata con antibióticos.</p> <p>La fiebre tifoidea, una enfermedad más seria causada por salmonela, no es común en Estados Unidos, pero ocurre frecuentemente en países en vías de desarrollo.</p> Infecciones Salmonella Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos Salmonela, Infecciones por Salmonelosis Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF <p>La tiña es el nombre de un grupo de enfermedades causada por un hongo. Los tipos de tiña incluyen la tiña en el cuerpo, pie de atleta y la tiña con picazón. Estas infecciones no suelen ser serias, pero pueden ser incómodas. Se pueden adquirir por tocar a una persona infectada, superficies húmedas como pisos de duchas o incluso de una mascota.</p> <p>Los síntomas dependen del área del cuerpo que esté afectada:</p> <ul> <li> La tiña en el cuerpo es un anillo rojo que se forma alrededor de un área de piel normal </li> <li> La tiña en el cuero cabelludo causa parches rojos y picazón en la cabeza. Puede dejar áreas sin cabello. Suele afectar a los niños</li> <li> El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/athletesfoot.html">pie de atleta</a> provoca picazón, ardor y piel agrietada entre los dedos del pie </li> <li> La tiña inguinal causa una lesión cutánea con picazón y ardor en el área de la ingle </li> </ul> <p>Las cremas y los polvos que se venden sin receta médica resolverán muchas infecciones por tiña, especialmente el pie de atleta y la tiña con picazón. Otros casos necesitan medicamentos con receta médica. </p> Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Tinea Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones por hongos Pie de atleta Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Infecciones causadas por virus <h3>¿Qué son los virus?</h3> <p>Los virus son gérmenes muy pequeños. Están hechos de material genético (ya sea <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/basica/adn/">ADN</a> o ARN) dentro de un recubrimiento de proteína. Hay una gran cantidad de virus en la tierra. Solo un pequeño número de ellos puede infectar a los humanos. Estos virus pueden infectar nuestras células, lo que puede causar enfermedades. Algunas de las enfermedades que pueden causar los virus incluyen el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfrío común</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">influenza</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se propagan los virus?</h3> <p>Los virus se pueden propagar de diferentes maneras:</p> <ul> <li>A través de gotitas y partículas exhaladas por una persona con la infección. Es posible que inhale las gotitas o partículas, o que caigan en su boca, nariz u ojos</li> <li>Al tocar superficies u objetos que tienen el virus y luego tocarse la boca, la nariz o los ojos</li> <li>De la persona embarazada al bebé <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">durante el embarazo</a></li> <li>A través de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">alimentos o agua contaminados</a></li> <li>Al ser picado por un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html">insecto</a> o animal infectado</li> <li>A través del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">contacto sexual</a> (generalmente sexo vaginal, anal y oral) con alguien con la infección</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo los virus causan enfermedades?</h3> <p>Los virus son como secuestradores. Invaden células vivas y normales. Luego usan esas células para multiplicarse (hacer copias de sí mismos). Este proceso también se llama replicación. El proceso puede matar, dañar o cambiar las células infectadas. A veces esto puede enfermarle. Los síntomas pueden variar de leves a muy severos. Otras veces, su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> puede combatirlo y es posible que no tenga ningún síntoma.</p> <p>En general, cada virus diferente solo infecta un tipo de célula en su cuerpo. Por ejemplo, los virus de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitis.html">hepatitis</a> afectan las células del hígado. El VIH infecta cierto tipo de célula del sistema inmunitario.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones virales?</h3> <p>Para la mayoría de las infecciones virales, los tratamientos solo pueden ayudar con los síntomas mientras espera que su sistema inmunitario combata el virus. Existen medicamentos antivirales para tratar algunas infecciones virales. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a> no funcionan para las infecciones virales.</p> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones virales?</h3> <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html">vacunas</a> pueden ayudar a prevenir que contraiga muchas enfermedades virales. Es posible que pueda prevenir algunas infecciones virales al:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">Lavarse las manos bien</a></li> <li>Seguir medidas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html">seguridad con los alimentos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">Limpiar superficies </a> que puedan estar infectadas con gérmenes</li> <li>Evitar el contacto con animales salvajes</li> <li>Prevenir las picaduras de insectos usando repelente de insectos al salir al aire libre. Si viaja a un área que tiene un alto riesgo de enfermedades por picaduras de insectos, use también pantalones largos, camisas y calcetines</li> <li>Practicar sexo seguro (usar condón cada vez que tenga sexo anal, vaginal u oral)</li> <li>Evitar el contacto cercano con personas enfermas</li> </ul> Infecciones Sistema inmunitario Viral Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Chikungunya Citomegalovirus Crup Culebrilla (herpes zóster) Dengue Ebola Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Fiebres hemorrágicas Gripe Hantavirus Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Herpes simple Infecciones por Norovirus Mielitis flácida aguda Mononucleosis infecciosa Mpox Paperas Polio y síndrome de post-polio Quinta enfermedad Rabia Resfrío Rotavirus Rubéola Sarampión Vacunación Varicela Verrugas VIH Virus del Nilo Occidental Virus del papiloma humano Virus del Zika Virus respiratorio sincitial Artritis viral Croup Enfermedad de mano, pie y boca (MPB) Enterovirus no-polio Laringitis viral Mano, pie y boca, Enfermedad Molluscum contagioso Virus, Infecciones por Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización Panamericana de la Salud Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>Every year, lives are lost because of the spread of infections in hospitals. Health care workers can take steps to prevent the spread of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html">infectious diseases</a>. These steps are part of infection control.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">Proper hand washing</a> is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infections in hospitals. If you are a patient, don't be afraid to remind friends, family and health care providers to wash their hands before getting close to you.</p> <p>Other steps health care workers can take include:</p><ul> <li>Covering coughs and sneezes</li> <li>Staying up to date with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">vaccinations</a></li> <li> Using gloves, masks and protective clothing</li> <li>Making tissues and hand cleaners available </li> <li>Following hospital guidelines when dealing with blood or contaminated items</li> </ul> Infections Safety Issues Medidas para el control de infecciones Infection Control Hmong Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Hepatitis HIV MRSA Blood-Borne Pathogens Cross Infection Healthcare-Associated Infections Universal Precautions Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Videos and Tutorials Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Infectious Diseases Society of America Related Issues National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology PDF Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology PDF Infographic Related Issues Infectious Diseases Society of America Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert World Health Organization <p>During <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnancy</a>, some common infections like the common cold or a skin infection do not usually cause serious problems. But other infections can be dangerous to you, your baby, or both. Some infections may lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html">preterm birth</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">low birth weight babies</a>. Others can cause serious illness, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">birth defects</a>, and lifelong disabilities, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingproblemsinchildren.html">hearing loss</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html">learning problems</a>.</p> <p>Some of the infections that can be dangerous during pregnancy include:</p><ul> <li>Bacterial vaginosis (BV)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html">Group B strep</a> (GBS)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html">Hepatitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">Sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toxoplasmosis.html">Toxoplasmosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html">Urinary tract infections</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html">Yeast infections</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html">Zika virus</a></li> </ul> <p>To try to prevent infections:</p><ul> <li>Don't eat raw or undercooked meat.</li> <li>Don't share food or drinks with other people.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">Wash your hands</a> frequently.</li> <li>Don't empty cat litter. Cats can transmit toxoplasmosis.</li> <li>Talk to your health care provider about <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">vaccinations</a>.</li> <li>If you have sex during pregnancy, use a condom every time.</li> </ul> <p>If you do get an infection during pregnancy, contact your health care provider about how best to protect you and your baby. Only some medicines are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html">safe during pregnancy</a>.</p> Infections Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Infecciones durante el embarazo Pregnancy Complications, Infectious Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Korean Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese HIV and Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy and Medicines Prenatal Care Pregnancy, Infections in Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists PDF Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Prevention and Risk Factors Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Related Issues Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Related Issues Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Health and Human Services Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Infographic Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Septic arthritis <p>Most kinds of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">arthritis</a> cause pain and swelling in your joints. Joints are places where two bones meet, such as your elbow or knee. Infectious arthritis is an infection in the joint. The infection comes from a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection that spreads from another part of the body. Symptoms of infectious arthritis include:</p><ul> <li>Intense pain in the joint</li> <li>Joint redness and swelling</li> <li>Chills and fever</li> <li>Inability to move the area with the infected joint</li> </ul> <p>One type of infectious arthritis is reactive arthritis. The reaction is to an infection somewhere else in your body. The joint is usually the knee, ankle, or toe. Sometimes, reactive arthritis is set off by an infection in the bladder, or in the urethra, which carries urine out of the body. In women, an infection in the vagina can cause the reaction. For both men and women, it can start with bacteria passed on during sex. Another form of reactive arthritis starts with eating food or handling something that has bacteria on it.</p> <p>To diagnose infectious arthritis, your health care provider may do tests of your blood, urine, and joint fluid. Treatment includes medicines and sometimes surgery.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Infections Artritis infecciosa Arthritis, Infectious Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Arthritis Reactive Arthritis Reiter's Syndrome Septic Arthritis Find an Expert Arthritis Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Rheumatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American College of Rheumatology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Spondylitis Association of America Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Communicable diseases <h3>What are infectious diseases?</h3> <p>Germs, or microbes, are found everywhere - in the air, soil, and water. There are also germs on your skin and in your body. Many of them are harmless, and some can even be helpful. But some of them can make you sick. Infectious diseases are diseases that are caused by germs.</p> <h3>What are the different types of germs that cause infectious diseases?</h3> <p>There are four main types of germs:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">Bacteria</a> are one-celled germs that multiply quickly. They may give off toxins, which are harmful chemicals that can make you sick. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html">Strep throat</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html">urinary tract infections</a> are common bacterial infections.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">Viruses</a> are tiny capsules that contain genetic material. They invade your cells so that they can multiply. This can kill, damage, or change the cells and make you sick. Viral infections include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> and the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">common cold</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html">Fungi</a> are primitive plant-like organisms such as mushrooms, mold, mildew, and yeasts. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/athletesfoot.html">Athlete's foot</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html">yeast infections</a> are common fungal infections.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html">Parasites</a> are animals or plants that survive by living on or in other living things. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html">Malaria</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html">head lice</a> are infections that are caused by parasites.</li> </ul> <h3>How can you get infectious diseases?</h3> <p>There are many different ways that you can get an infectious disease, depending on the type of germ. They can include:</p> <ul> <li>Through direct contact with a person who is sick. This includes kissing, touching, sneezing, coughing, and sexual contact. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">Pregnant people</a> can also pass some germs along to their babies.</li> <li>Through indirect contact, when you touch something that has germs on it. For example, you could get germs if someone who is sick touched a door handle, and then you touch it.</li> <li>Through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html">insect</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html">animal</a> bites.</li> <li>Through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">contaminated food</a>, water, soil, or plants.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of infectious diseases?</h3> <p>Infectious diseases can cause many different symptoms. Some are so mild that you may not even notice any symptoms, while others can be life-threatening.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for infectious diseases?</h3> <p>There are treatments for some infectious diseases, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotic</a>, antiviral, antifungal and anti-parasitic medicines. But for other infections, such as some caused by viruses, you can only treat your symptoms while you wait for your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> to fight off the germ. </p> <h3>Can infectious diseases be prevented?</h3> <p>You can take steps to help prevent many infectious diseases:</p> <ul> <li>Get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">vaccinated</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">Wash your hands often</a>.</li> <li>Pay attention to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html">food safety</a>.</li> <li>Avoid contact with wild animals.</li> <li>Use a latex condom every time you have sex. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms. </li> <li>Don't share items such as toothbrushes, combs, and straws.</li> </ul> Infections Immune System Enfermedades infecciosas Communicable Diseases Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotics Bacterial Infections Fungal Infections Infection Control Parasitic Diseases Traveler's Health Vaccines Viral Infections Communicable Diseases Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children VisualDX Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Children American Academy of Family Physicians Living With Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Glandular fever Kissing disease Mono Mononucleosis <h3>What is infectious mononucleosis (mono)?</h3> <p>Infectious mononucleosis (mono) is a disease caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viruses</a>.The most common cause is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Mono is contagious, which means it can spread from person to person. It is common among teenagers and young adults, especially college students.</p> <h3>What causes infectious mononucleosis (mono)?</h3> <p>Mono can be caused by many different viruses. But it is most often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is found all over the world. Most people get an EBV infection at some point in their lives, but only some of them will get the symptoms of mono. EBV infections often happen during childhood or when someone is a young adult. EBV infections in children usually do not cause symptoms. And when they do, it's hard to tell the difference between the symptoms of mono and the symptoms of other common childhood illnesses such as the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a>. Teens and young adults who get EBV are more likely to have symptoms that are typical of mono.</p> <p>EBV and the other viruses that cause mono are usually spread through body fluids, especially saliva (spit). This means that you can get it through kissing. That's why mono is sometimes called "the kissing disease." But you can also get these viruses if you share food, drinks, forks, spoons, or lip balm with someone who has mono. Other less common ways of getting an infection are through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">blood transfusions</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">organ transplants</a>, and blood and semen during sexual contact.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis (mono)?</h3> <p>The symptoms of mono usually start four to six weeks after you get the infection. But they may start sooner in young children. The symptoms often develop slowly, and they may not all happen at the same time. They can include:</p> <ul> <li>Extreme <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li>Sore throat</li> <li>Head and body aches</li> <li>Swollen lymph glands in your neck and armpits</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">Rash</a></li> <li>Swollen liver, spleen, or both (these are less common symptoms)</li> </ul> <p>Most people get better in two to four weeks. However, some people may feel fatigued for several more weeks. Occasionally, the symptoms can last for six months or longer.</p> <h3>How is infectious mononucleosis (mono) diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your healthcare provider may diagnose mono based on your symptoms and a physical exam. The exam will include checking to see if your lymph nodes, tonsils, liver, or spleen are swollen. In some cases, your provider might also order a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mononucleosis-mono-tests/">mono test</a> to confirm the diagnosis.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for infectious mononucleosis (mono)?</h3> <ul> <li>Drinking plenty of fluids to avoid <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydration</a>.</li> <li>Getting lots of rest.</li> <li>Taking over-the-counter medications for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain</a> and fever. But don't give aspirin to children or teens because it may cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reyesyndrome.html">Reye syndrome</a>. This syndrome is a rare, serious illness that can affect the brain and liver.</li> </ul> <p>If you have severe symptoms, your provider may suggest additional treatment based on which organs in your body are affected by the mono.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">Antibiotics</a> don't treat viral infections, so they do not help with mono. Some people do get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacterial infections</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html">strep throat</a> along with mono. In that case, you probably need antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection. But you should not take penicillin antibiotics like ampicillin or amoxicillin. Those antibiotics can cause a rash in people who have mono.</p> <p>Mono can cause an enlarged spleen, which could rupture and cause a medical emergency. To try to protect the spleen, providers recommend avoiding intense exercise and contact sports until you fully recover (about a month).</p> <h3>Can infectious mononucleosis (mono) be prevented?</h3> <p>There is no vaccine to protect against mono. To lower your chance of getting or spreading mono:</p> <ul> <li>Don't share food, drinks, forks, spoons, or lip balm with anyone, especially if you or the other person has mono.</li> <li>Don't kiss someone if you or the other person has mono.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">Wash your hands</a> often with soap and water.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Immune System Mononucleosis infecciosa Infectious Mononucleosis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases EBV Infections Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Glandular Fever Mono Mononucleosis Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Esterilidad Problemas para concebir <p>La infertilidad significa no poder quedar embarazada después de intentarlo por un año. Si una mujer puede quedar embarazada pero sigue teniendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html">pérdida del embarazo</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stillbirth.html">mortinatos</a> (parto de feto muerto), también se considera como infertilidad.</p> <p>La infertilidad es muy común. Después de un año de tener relaciones sexuales sin protección, alrededor del 15 % de las parejas no pueden quedar embarazadas. Cerca de un tercio de las veces, la infertilidad se debe a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html">mujer</a>. En otro tercio de los casos, es por el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html">hombre</a>. El resto del tiempo ocurre por ambas personas o no se encuentra ninguna causa.</p> <p>Hay tratamientos que son específicos para hombres o mujeres. Algunos involucran a la pareja. Los medicamentos, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">tecnología de reproducción asistida</a> y la cirugía son tratamientos comunes. Afortunadamente, muchas parejas tratadas por infertilidad terminan teniendo bebés.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Hombres Sistema reproductor femenino Sistema reproductor masculino Infertility Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Infertilidad en el hombre Infertilidad en la mujer Pérdida del embarazo Riesgos para el sistema reproductivo Esterilidad Fertilidad Fertilización in vitro Infecundidad Inseminación artificial Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Hombres Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Especialistas Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Infertilidad masculina <p>Infertilidad es un término que los profesionales de la salud usan cuando un hombre tiene dificultades en embarazar a una mujer después de haberlo intentado por lo menos por un año. Las causas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas físicos de los testículos </li> <li>Bloqueos de los tubos que transportan el semen</li> <li>Problemas hormonales</li> <li>Historial de fiebre alta o paperas</li> <li>Enfermedades genéticas </li> <li>Factores ambientales o del estilo de vida</li> </ul> <p>Cerca de un tercio de las veces, la infertilidad es por un problema con el hombre. Otro tercio es un problema de la mujer. A veces, no se puede encontrar una causa. </p> <p>Si piensa que es infértil, consulte con su profesional de la salud. Existen exámenes que pueden determinar si usted tiene un problema de infertilidad. Cuando es posible encontrar la causa, los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos, cirugía o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">tecnologías de reproducción asistida</a>. Afortunadamente, muchas de las parejas tratadas por infertilidad pueden tener bebés. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Hombres Sistema reproductor masculino Male Infertility Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Infertilidad Infertilidad en la mujer Hombre, Infertilidad Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Infertilidad femenina <p>Infertilidad es un término que los profesionales de la salud usan cuando una mujer no ha podido quedar embarazada después de haberlo intentado por lo menos por un año (o seis meses si la mujer es mayor de 35 años). Si una mujer sigue teniendo abortos pérdidas del embarazo, también se conoce como infertilidad. Si una mujer tiene varios <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html">abortos espontáneos</a>, eso también es infertilidad. La infertilidad femenina puede ser causada por la edad, problemas físicos, hormonales, por el estilo de vida o factores ambientales.</p> <p>La mayoría de los casos de infertilidad femenina son a causa de problemas de ovulación. En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html">insuficiencia ovárica primaria</a>, los ovarios dejan de funcionar antes de la menopausia natural. En el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">síndrome de ovario poliquístico</a>, los ovarios no liberan un óvulo con regularidad o no pueden liberar un óvulo sano.</p> <p>Alrededor de un tercio de las veces, la infertilidad ocurre por un problema con la mujer. Otro tercio de los casos, es por un problema con el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html">hombre</a>. A veces, no se puede encontrar una causa. </p> <p>Si piensa que es infértil, consulte con su profesional de la salud. Existen exámenes que pueden determinar si usted tiene un problema de infertilidad. Cuando es posible encontrar la causa, los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos, cirugía o tecnologías de reproducción asistida. Afortunadamente, muchas de las parejas tratadas por infertilidad pueden tener bebés. </p> <p class="">Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Dept. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE.UU</p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Female Infertility Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Infertilidad Infertilidad en el hombre Tecnología de reproducción asistida Mujer, Infertilidad Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Sterility <p>Infertility means not being able to become pregnant after a year of trying. If a woman can get pregnant but keeps having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html">miscarriages</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stillbirth.html">stillbirths</a>, that's also called infertility.</p> <p>Infertility is fairly common. After one year of having unprotected sex, about 15% of couples are unable to get pregnant. About a third of the time, infertility can be traced to the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html">woman</a>. In another third of cases, it is because of the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html">man</a>. The rest of the time, it is because of both partners or no cause can be found.</p> <p>There are treatments that are specifically for men or for women. Some involve both partners. Drugs, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">assisted reproductive technology</a>, and surgery are common treatments. Happily, many couples treated for infertility go on to have babies.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Men Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Infertilidad Infertility Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Assisted Reproductive Technology Female Infertility Male Infertility Miscarriage Reproductive Hazards Artificial Insemination Fertility Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer Sterility Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Society for Reproductive Medicine PDF Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Women National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Society for Reproductive Medicine Living With Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Living With American Society for Reproductive Medicine Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Men National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Society for Reproductive Medicine Diagnosis and Tests Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Living With American Society for Reproductive Medicine Journal Articles Related Issues American Society for Reproductive Medicine PDF Related Issues American Society for Reproductive Medicine Living With American Society for Reproductive Medicine PDF Treatments and Therapies American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Videos and Tutorials American Society for Reproductive Medicine Video Related Issues American Society for Reproductive Medicine Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>Conducir cuando no se está en condiciones de hacerlo es peligroso. Es la causa de más de la mitad de todos los choques de autos. Significa operar un vehículo motorizado bajo los efectos de:</p> <ul> <li>Alcohol</li> <li>Drogas ilegales o legales</li> <li>Sueño</li> <li>Distracciones, como usar un teléfono celular o enviar mensajes de texto</li> <li>Una condición médica que afecta su manera de conducir</li> </ul> <p>Por su seguridad y la seguridad de otros, no conduzca cuando no esté en condiciones de hacerlo. Pídale a otra persona que lo lleve o use transporte público cuando no pueda conducir. Si necesita hablar por teléfono o enviar un mensaje de texto, deténgase al costado del camino.</p> <p class="">Administración Nacional de Seguridad del Tráfico en las Carreteras</p> Asuntos de seguridad Impaired Driving Seguridad al conducir Conducir embriagado Conducir hablando por teléfono Distracción al manejar Ineptitud para conducir Manejar alcoholizado Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Infografía Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración Nacional de Seguridad del Tráfico en las Carreteras Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Fumar involuntariamente Humo ambiental Humo de segunda mano <p>El humo de segunda mano es una mezcla del humo que proviene de donde se quema un cigarrillo, puro o pipa, y el humo exhalado por el fumador. Contiene más de siete mil sustancias químicas. Cientos de esos productos químicos son tóxicos y unos 70 pueden causar cáncer.</p> <p>Efectos de la inhalación pasiva de humo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Infecciones de oído en los niños</li> <li>Ataques de asma más frecuentes y graves en los niños</li> <li>Enfermedades del corazón y cáncer de pulmón en los adultos que nunca han fumado</li> </ul> <p>No hay una cantidad segura de humo de segunda mano. Incluso bajos niveles de inhalación pasiva de humo pueden ser perjudiciales. La única manera de proteger a los no fumadores de la inhalación pasiva de humo es no permitir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">fumar</a> en lugares cerrados.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Secondhand Smoke Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Fumar Tabaco que no se fuma Humo de segunda mano Humo de tabaco en el ambiente Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Esnifar <h3>¿Qué son los inhalantes?</h3> <p>Los inhalantes son sustancias que las personas inhalan para drogarse. Existen otras sustancias que las personas pueden inhalar, como el alcohol, pero no se llaman inhalantes porque también se pueden usar de otra manera. Los inhalantes son sustancias que <strong>solo</strong> puede usar indebidamente al inhalarlas.</p> <p>Usar inhalantes para tratar de drogarse, incluso una vez, puede ser muy dañino para su cerebro y cuerpo, e incluso puede causar la muerte.</p> <h3>¿Qué tipos de inhalantes existen?</h3> <p>A menudo, los inhalantes son productos que se compran fácilmente y que se pueden encontrar en el hogar o el lugar de trabajo. Contienen sustancias peligrosas que tienen propiedades psicoactivas (que alteran la mente) cuando se inhalan. Hay cuatro tipos principales de inhalantes:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Solventes</strong>: Líquidos que se convierten en gas a temperatura ambiente. Incluyen diluyente de pintura, quitaesmalte, gasolina y pegamento</li> <li><strong>Aerosoles</strong>: Como pintura en aerosol, desodorante en aerosol y aceite vegetal en aerosol</li> <li><strong>Gases</strong>: Incluyendo el gas de encendedores, dispensadores de crema batida y gas hilarante</li> <li><strong>Nitritos</strong>: Similares a los medicamentos recetados para el dolor de pecho. A veces se les llama "poppers". Se venden en botellas pequeñas y pueden etiquetarse como "aromatizador de ambientes", "limpiador de cuero" o "aroma líquido". Por lo general, no se utilizan para alterar el estado de ánimo de una persona, sino para mejorar la función sexual</li> </ul> <p>Algunos de los términos comunes para varios inhalantes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Activo</li> <li>Mona</li> <li>Dragón</li> <li>Cemento</li> <li>Poppers</li> <li>Gomas</li> <li>Gas de la luna</li> <li>Perlas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo usan las personas los inhalantes?</h3> <p>Las personas que usan inhalantes inhalan los humos a través de la nariz o la boca, generalmente "esnifando" o inspirando el producto. Se utilizan diferentes nombres para el consumo según la sustancia y el equipo utilizado.</p> <p>En general, el efecto que producen los inhalantes dura unos pocos minutos, por lo que a menudo las personas intentan que dure el efecto inhalando una y otra vez durante varias horas.</p> <h3>¿Quién usa inhalantes?</h3> <p>Los inhalantes son utilizados principalmente por niños y adolescentes. A menudo prueban inhalantes antes de probar otras sustancias porque los inhalantes son más fáciles de obtener.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son las señales de que alguien está usando inhalantes?</h3> <p>Las señales de que alguien está usando inhalantes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Olores químicos en el aliento o la ropa</li> <li>Pintura u otras manchas en la cara, manos o ropa</li> <li>Envase de pintura en aerosol o contenedores de solventes vacíos ocultos y trapos o ropa empapados de químicos</li> <li>Ojos o nariz rojos o con mocos</li> <li>Apariencia borracha o desorientada</li> <li>Hablar arrastrando las palabras</li> <li>Náuseas o pérdida de apetito</li> <li>Falta de atención, falta de coordinación, irritabilidad y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos en la salud del uso de inhalantes?</h3> <p>La mayoría de los inhalantes afectan el sistema nervioso central y hacen más lenta la actividad cerebral. Los inhalantes pueden causar efectos a la salud a corto y largo plazo:</p> <ul> <li>Los <strong>efectos a corto plazo</strong> en la salud incluyen: <ul> <li>Distorsión del habla o habla arrastrada</li> <li>Falta de coordinación</li> <li>Euforia (sentirse "drogado")</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a></li> <li>Alucinaciones</li> </ul> </li> <li>Los <strong>efectos a largo plazo</strong> pueden incluir: <ul> <li>Daño <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hepático</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">renal</a></li> <li>Pérdida de coordinación</li> <li>Espasmos de las extremidades</li> <li>Desarrollo conductual retrasado</li> <li>Daño cerebral</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Usar inhalantes, incluso una vez, podría provocar una sobredosis. Esto puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">convulsiones</a> o que su corazón se detenga. También puede ser mortal.</p> <h3>¿Son los inhalantes adictivos?</h3> <p>La adicción a los inhalantes es rara, pero puede suceder si los usa repetidamente. Detener su uso puede causar síntomas de abstinencia como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">náuseas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html">sudoración</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html">problemas para dormir</a> y cambios de humor.</p> <p>La terapia conductual puede ayudar a las personas adictas a los inhalantes.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el uso indebido de inhalantes?</h3> <p>Los niños y adolescentes que usan inhalantes para drogarse tienen más probabilidades de probar otras drogas y de sufrir un trastorno por consumo de sustancias más adelante en la vida. Por ello, es importante tratar de prevenir el abuso de inhalantes. Una cosa que los padres pueden hacer es hablar con sus hijos sobre los inhalantes. Pueden explicar sus peligros y brindar consejos sobre cómo lidiar con la presión de sus amigos si se les pide que los prueben.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas </p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Inhalants Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Aerosoles, Abuso Cemento Gomas Pegamentos, Abuso Spray, Abuso Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Huffing <h3>What are inhalants?</h3> <p>Inhalants are substances that people inhale (breathe in) to get high. There are other substances that people might inhale, such as alcohol. But those are not called inhalants, because they can also be used another way. Inhalants are the substances that you can misuse <em>only</em> by inhaling them.</p> <p>Using inhalants to try to get high, even once, can be very harmful to your brain and body. It can even lead to death.</p> <h3>What are the types of inhalants?</h3> <p>Inhalants are often products that are easily bought and can be found in the home or workplace. They contain dangerous substances that have psychoactive (mind-altering) properties when they are inhaled. The four main types of inhalants are:</p><ul> <li><strong>Solvents</strong>, which are liquids that become gas at room temperature. They include paint thinner, nail polish remover, gasoline, and glue.</li> <li><strong>Aerosol sprays</strong>, such as spray paint, deodorant spray, and vegetable oil sprays.</li> <li><strong>Gases</strong>, including gas from lighters, whipped cream dispensers, and laughing gas.</li> <li><strong>Nitrites,</strong> which are similar to a prescription medicine for chest pain. They are sometimes called "poppers." They are sold in small bottles and may be labeled as "air freshener," "leather cleaner," or "liquid aroma." They are usually not used to alter someone's mood, but to improve their sexual function.</li> </ul> <p>Some of the common slang terms for various inhalants include:</p><ul> <li>Gluey</li> <li>Huff</li> <li>Laughing gas</li> <li>Rush</li> <li>Snappers</li> <li>Whippets/Whippits</li> </ul> <h3>How do people use inhalants?</h3> <p>People who use inhalants breathe in the fumes through their nose or mouth, usually by "sniffing," "snorting," "bagging," or "huffing." It's called different names depending on the substance and equipment used.</p> <p>The high that inhalants produce usually lasts just a few minutes, so people often try to make it last by inhaling them again and again over several hours.</p> <h3>Who uses inhalants?</h3> <p>Inhalants are mostly used by young kids and teens. They often try inhalants before they try other substances because inhalants are easier to get.</p> <h3>What are the signs that someone is using inhalants?</h3> <p>Signs that someone is using inhalants include:</p><ul> <li>Chemical odors on breath or clothing</li> <li>Paint or other stains on face, hands, or clothes</li> <li>Hidden empty spray paint or solvent containers and chemical-soaked rags or clothing</li> <li>Red or runny eyes or nose</li> <li>Drunk or disoriented appearance</li> <li>Slurred speech</li> <li>Nausea or loss of appetite</li> <li>Inattentiveness, lack of coordination, irritability, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the health effects of using inhalants?</h3> <p>Most inhalants affect your central nervous system and slow down brain activity. Inhalants can cause both short-term and long-term health effects:</p><ul> <li><strong>Short-term health effects</strong> include: <ul> <li> Slurred or distorted speech</li> <li>Lack of body control</li> <li>Euphoria (feeling "high")</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a></li> <li>Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't real)</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Long-term health effects</strong> may include: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">Liver</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney</a> damage</li> <li>Loss of coordination</li> <li>Spasms in your arms and legs</li> <li>Delayed behavioral development</li> <li>Brain damage</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Using inhalants, even once, could lead to an overdose. This can cause you to have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">seizures</a> or your heart to stop. It can also be deadly.</p> <h3>Are inhalants addictive?</h3> <p>Addiction to inhalants is rare, but it can happen if you use them repeatedly. Stopping them can cause withdrawal symptoms, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html">sweating</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html">trouble sleeping</a>, and mood changes.</p> <p>Behavioral therapy may help people who are addicted to inhalants.</p> <h3>Can inhalant misuse be prevented?</h3> <p>Kids and teens who use inhalants to get high are more likely to try other drugs and to have a substance use disorder (SUD) later in life. So it's important to try to prevent inhalant abuse. One thing that parents can do is talk to their children about inhalants. They can explain the dangers and give their children tips on how to deal with peer pressure if someone asks them to try inhalants.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse</p> Substance Use and Disorders Inhalantes Inhalant Abuse Spanish National Institute on Drug Abuse Huffing Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More Food and Drug Administration Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Journal Articles Learn More Medical Encyclopedia <p>Inhalation injuries are acute injuries to your respiratory system and lungs. They can happen if you breathe in toxic substances, such as smoke (from fires), chemicals, particle pollution, and gases. Inhalation injuries can also be caused by extreme heat; these are a type of thermal injuries. Over half of deaths from fires are due to inhalation injuries.</p> <p>Symptoms of inhalation injuries can depend on what you breathed in. But they often include:</p><ul> <li>Coughing and phlegm</li> <li>A scratchy throat</li> <li>Irritated sinuses</li> <li>Shortness of breath</li> <li>Chest pain or tightness</li> <li>Headaches</li> <li>Stinging eyes</li> <li>A runny nose</li> </ul> <p>If you have a chronic heart or lung problem, an inhalation injury can make it worse.</p> <p>To make a diagnosis, your health care provider may use a scope to look at your airways and check for damage. Other possible tests include imaging tests of the lungs, blood tests, and lung function tests.</p> <p>If you have an inhalation injury, your health care provider will make sure that your airway is not blocked. Treatment is with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">oxygen therapy</a>, and in some cases, medicines. Some patients need to use a ventilator to breathe. Most people get better, but some people have permanent lung or breathing problems. Smokers and people who had a severe injury are at a greater risk of having permanent problems.</p> <p>You can take steps to try to prevent inhalation injuries:</p><ul> <li>At home, practice <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/firesafety.html">fire safety</a>, which includes preventing fires and having a plan in case there is a fire</li> <li>If there is smoke from a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wildfires.html">wildfire</a> nearby or lots of particulate pollution in the air, try to limit your time outdoors. Keep your indoor air as clean as possible, by keeping windows closed and using an air filter. If you have asthma, another lung disease, or heart disease, follow your health care provider's advice about your medicines and respiratory management plan.</li> <li>If you are working with chemicals or gases, handle them safely and use protective equipment</li> </ul> Lungs and Breathing Injuries and Wounds Lesiones por inhalación Burns, Inhalation Spanish Smoke Inhalation Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Burn Institute PDF Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Injerto de hueso <p>Un injerto óseo trasplanta tejidos de los huesos. Los cirujanos utilizan injertos óseos para reparar y regenerar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonediseases.html">huesos enfermos</a> en las caderas, las rodillas, la columna y, a veces, otros huesos y articulaciones. Los injertos también pueden reparar una pérdida ósea causada por algunos tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturas</a> (huesos rotos) o cáncer. Una vez que el cuerpo acepta el injerto óseo, ofrece un marco para el crecimiento del hueso vivo nuevo. </p> <p>Si el hueso trasplantado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organdonation.html">proviene de otra persona</a> se llama aloinjerto. La mayoría de los huesos para aloinjertos proviene de donantes que han fallecido. Los bancos de tejidos examinan a los donantes, desinfectan el hueso donado y lo someten a pruebas para asegurarse de que su uso sea seguro. Si el hueso trasplantado proviene de otra parte de su propio cuerpo, se denomina autoinjerto. El hueso para autoinjerto suele provenir de las costillas, las caderas o una pierna. </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Transplantes y donaciones Bone Grafts Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Hueso, Injerto Óseo, Injerto Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Terapia biológica Terapia dirigida <p>La inmunoterapia es un tratamiento contra el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a> que ayuda a su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> a combatir la enfermedad. Es un tipo de terapia biológica. La terapia biológica utiliza sustancias hechas a partir de organismos vivos, o versiones de estas sustancias que son producidas en un laboratorio.</p> <p>Los médicos aun no utilizan la inmunoterapia tan a menudo como otros tratamientos contra el cáncer, como la cirugía, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a>. Pero sí usan la inmunoterapia para algunos tipos de cáncer, y los investigadores están realizando ensayos clínicos para averiguar si funciona también para otros tipos.</p> <p>Cuando usted tiene cáncer, algunas de sus células comienzan a multiplicarse sin detenerse. Estas se diseminan a los tejidos cercanos. Una de las razones por las que las células cancerosas pueden seguir creciendo y propagándose es que son capaces de esconderse de su sistema inmunitario. Algunas inmunoterapias pueden "marcar" sus células cancerosas. Esto hace que sea más fácil para su sistema inmunitario encontrar y destruir estas células. Es un tipo de terapia dirigida, un tratamiento que usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales. Otros tipos de inmunoterapias trabajan potenciando su sistema inmunitario para trabajar mejor contra el cáncer.</p> <p>Usted puede ser tratado con inmunoterapia por vía intravenosa, píldoras o cápsulas, o con una crema para su piel. Para el cáncer de vejiga, pueden aplicarla directamente en la vejiga. Puede recibir tratamiento todos los días, semanas o meses. Algunas inmunoterapias se administran en ciclos. Depende de su tipo de cáncer, de lo avanzado que esté, del tipo de inmunoterapia y de su funcionamiento.</p> <p>Usted puede tener efectos secundarios. Los más comunes son reacciones en la piel donde se aplique la aguja, si es por vía intravenosa. Otros efectos secundarios pueden incluir síntomas similares a los de la gripe, o reacciones severas en raras ocasiones.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Cancer Immunotherapy Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer, Inmunoterapia Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Más información Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Bug bites <p>Most insect bites are harmless, though they sometimes cause discomfort. Bee, wasp, and hornet stings and fire ant bites usually hurt. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html">Mosquito</a> and flea bites usually itch. Insects can also spread diseases. In the United States, some mosquitoes spread <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/westnilevirus.html">West Nile virus</a>. Travelers outside the United States may be at risk for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html">malaria</a> and other infections. </p> <p>To prevent insect bites and their complications:</p><ul> <li>Don't bother insects</li> <li>Use insect repellant </li> <li>Wear protective clothing </li> <li>Be careful when you eat outside because food attracts insects</li> <li>If you know you have severe allergic reactions to insect bites and stings (such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html">anaphylaxis</a>), carry an emergency epinephrine kit</li> </ul> Skin, Hair and Nails Injuries and Wounds Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos Insect Bites and Stings Arabic Bosnian Burmese French Kirundi Nepali Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Anaphylaxis Animal Bites Bed Bugs Lyme Disease Mosquito Bites Plague Spider Bites Tick Bites Bee Stings Flea Bites Insect Repellents Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Start Here Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Dermatology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Specifics American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Jewish Health Video Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PDF Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Test Your Knowledge American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics <h3>What is insomnia?</h3> <p>Insomnia is a common <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">sleep disorder</a>. If you have it, you may have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. As a result, you may get too little sleep or have poor-quality sleep. You may not feel refreshed when you wake up.</p> <h3>What are the types of insomnia?</h3> <p>Insomnia can be acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing). Acute insomnia is common. Common causes include stress at work, family pressures, or a traumatic event. It usually lasts for days or weeks.</p> <p>Chronic insomnia lasts for a month or longer. Most cases of chronic insomnia are secondary. This means they are the symptom or side effect of some other problem, such as certain medical conditions, medicines, and other sleep disorders. Substances such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">caffeine</a>, tobacco, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> can also be a cause.</p> <p>Sometimes chronic insomnia is the primary problem. This means that it is not caused by something else. Its cause is not well understood, but long-lasting stress, emotional upset, travel and shift work can be factors. Primary insomnia usually lasts more than one month.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for insomnia?</h3> <p>Insomnia is common. It affects women more often than men. You can get it at any age, but older adults are more likely to have it. You are also at higher risk of insomnia if you:</p><ul> <li>Have a lot of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a></li> <li>Are depressed or have other emotional distress, such as divorce or death of a spouse</li> <li>Have a lower income</li> <li>Work at night or have frequent major shifts in your work hours</li> <li>Travel long distances with time changes</li> <li>Have an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">inactive lifestyle</a></li> <li>Are African American; research shows that African Americans take longer to fall asleep, don't sleep as well, and have more sleep-related breathing problems than Whites.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of insomnia?</h3> <p>Symptoms of insomnia include:</p><ul> <li>Lying awake for a long time before you fall asleep</li> <li>Sleeping for only short periods</li> <li>Being awake for much of the night</li> <li>Feeling as if you haven't slept at all</li> <li>Waking up too early</li> </ul> <h3>What other problems can insomnia cause?</h3> <p>Insomnia can cause daytime sleepiness and a lack of energy. It also can make you feel anxious, depressed, or irritable. You may have trouble focusing on tasks, paying attention, learning, and remembering. Insomnia also can cause other serious problems. For example, it could make you feel drowsy while driving. This could cause you get into a car accident.</p> <h3>How is insomnia diagnosed?</h3> <p>To diagnose insomnia, your health care provider:</p><ul> <li>Takes your medical history</li> <li>Asks for your sleep history. Your provider will ask you for details about your sleep habits.</li> <li>Does a physical exam, to rule out other medical problems that might cause insomnia</li> <li>May recommend a sleep study. A sleep study measures how well you sleep and how your body responds to sleep problems.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for insomnia?</h3> <p>Treatments include lifestyle changes, counseling, and medicines:</p><ul> <li>Lifestyle changes, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">good sleep habits</a>, often help relieve acute (short-term) insomnia. These changes might make it easier for you to fall asleep and stay asleep.</li> <li>A type of counseling called cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help relieve the anxiety linked to chronic (ongoing) insomnia</li> <li>Several medicines also can help relieve your insomnia and allow you to re-establish a regular sleep schedule</li> </ul> <p>If your insomnia is the symptom or side effect of another problem, it's important to treat that problem (if possible).</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Brain and Nerves Insomnio Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Healthy Sleep Sleep Disorders Find an Expert American Academy of Sleep Medicine Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Sleep Medicine Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation <h3>¿Qué es el insomnio?</h3> <p>El insomnio es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html">trastorno del sueño</a> común. Si usted lo padece tiene problemas para conciliar el sueño, quedarse dormido o los dos. Como resultado dormirá poco o tendrá un sueño de poca calidad. Quizás no se sienta descansado al levantarse.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de insomnio?</h3> <p>El insomnio puede ser agudo (de corta duración) o crónico (de larga duración). El insomnio agudo es común. Las causas más frecuentes incluyen estrés en el trabajo, presiones familiares o un evento traumático. Por lo general, dura días o semanas.</p> <p>El insomnio crónico dura un mes o más. La mayoría de los casos de insomnio crónico son secundarios. Esto significa que son el síntoma o el efecto secundario de algún otro problema, como ciertos problemas médicos, medicamentos y otros trastornos del sueño. Sustancias como la cafeína, el tabaco y el alcohol también pueden ser una causa.</p> <p>A veces, el problema principal es el insomnio crónico. Esto significa que no tiene otra causa. Su origen no se comprende bien, pero el estrés de larga duración, el malestar emocional, los viajes y el trabajo en turnos pueden ser factores. En general, el insomnio primario dura más de un mes.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener insomnio?</h3> <p>El insomnio es común. Afecta con mayor frecuencia a las mujeres que a los hombres. Puede tenerlo a cualquier edad, pero es más común en adultos mayores. También tiene un mayor riesgo de insomnio si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene mucho estrés</li> <li>Está deprimido o tiene otros problemas emocionales, como el divorcio o la muerte de un cónyuge</li> <li>Tiene problemas de dinero</li> <li>Trabaja de noche o cambios frecuentes en su horario de trabajo</li> <li>Viaja largas distancias con cambio de horas</li> <li>Tiene un estilo de vida sedentario</li> <li>Es afroamericano: La investigación muestra que los afroamericanos tardan más en quedarse dormidos, no duermen bien y tienen más problemas respiratorios relacionados con el sueño que los blancos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del insomnio?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del insomnio incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Permanecer despierto por un largo tiempo antes de dormirse</li> <li>Dormir solo por períodos cortos</li> <li>Estar despierto durante gran parte de la noche</li> <li>Sentirse como si no hubiera dormido nada</li> <li>Despertarse demasiado temprano</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el insomnio?</h3> <p>El insomnio puede causar somnolencia diurna y falta de energía. También puede hacerle sentir ansioso, deprimido o irritable. Puede tener problemas para concentrarse en tareas, prestar atención, aprender y recordar. El insomnio también puede causar otros problemas graves. Por ejemplo, puede hacer que sienta sueño mientras maneja, lo que podría provocar un accidente automovilístico.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el insomnio?</h3> <p>Para diagnosticar insomnio, su proveedor de atención médica considerará:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica</li> <li>Su historial de sueño. Su proveedor le pedirá detalles sobre sus hábitos al dormir</li> <li>Un examen físico para descartar otros problemas médicos que pueden causar insomnio</li> <li>Puede recomendar un estudio del sueño. Un estudio del sueño mide qué tan bien duerme y cómo responde su cuerpo a los problemas para dormir</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el insomnio?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos incluyen cambios en el estilo de vida, terapia y medicamentos:</p> <ul> <li>Los cambios en el estilo de vida, incluidos los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">buenos hábitos para dormir</a>, a menudo ayudan a aliviar el insomnio agudo (a corto plazo). Estos cambios pueden hacer que le sea más fácil conciliar el sueño y mantenerse dormido</li> <li>Un tipo de terapia, la terapia cognitiva-conductual, puede ayudar a aliviar la ansiedad relacionada con el insomnio crónico </li> <li>Varios medicamentos también pueden ayudar a aliviar el insomnio y le permiten restablecer un horario de sueño regular</li> </ul> <p>Si su insomnio es el síntoma o efecto secundario de otro problema, es importante tratarlo, de ser posible.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Cerebro y nervios Insomnia Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Problemas del sueño Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Mujeres Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Falla ovárica prematura Insuficiencia ovárica prematura <h3>¿Qué es la insuficiencia ovárica primaria?</h3> <p>La insuficiencia ovárica primaria, también conocida como falla ovárica prematura, ocurre cuando los ovarios de una mujer dejan de funcionar en forma normal antes de cumplir los 40 años.</p> <p>Alrededor de los 40 años, las mujeres son menos fértiles. Pueden comenzar a tener períodos menstruales irregulares a medida que entran a la menopausia. En las mujeres con insuficiencia ovárica primaria, los períodos irregulares y la fertilidad reducida comienzan antes de los 40 años. A veces, puede comenzar hasta en la adolescencia.</p> <p>La insuficiencia ovárica primaria es diferente a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">menopausia</a> prematura. En la menopausia prematura, sus períodos se detienen antes de los 40 años y ya no puede quedar embarazada. La causa puede ser natural o puede ser una enfermedad, cirugía, quimioterapia o radiación. En la insuficiencia ovárica primaria, algunas mujeres todavía tienen períodos ocasionales. Incluso pueden quedar embarazadas. En la mayoría de los casos de insuficiencia ovárica primaria, la causa es desconocida.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la insuficiencia ovárica primaria?</h3> <p>En cerca del 90% de los casos se desconoce la causa exacta de la falla ovárica primaria.</p> <p>La investigación muestra que la falla ovárica primaria está relacionada con problemas en los folículos. Los folículos son pequeños sacos en sus ovarios. Sus óvulos crecen y maduran dentro de ellos. Un tipo de problema de folículo es que éstos dejen de funcionar antes de lo normal. Otro es que los folículos no funcionen bien. En la mayoría de los casos, no se conoce la causa del problema del folículo. Pero a veces la causa puede ser:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">Enfermedades genéticas</a> como el síndrome de X frágil y el síndrome de Turner</li> <li>Un bajo número de folículos</li> <li>Enfermedades autoinmunes, incluyendo la tiroiditis y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/addisondisease.html">enfermedad de Addison</a></li> <li>Quimioterapia o radioterapia</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html">Trastornos metabólicos</a></li> <li>Toxinas, como humo del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">fumar</a>, productos químicos y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html">pesticidas</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener insuficiencia ovárica primaria?</h3> <p>Ciertos factores pueden aumentar el riesgo de una mujer de tener insuficiencia ovárica primaria:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Historia familiar</strong>: Las mujeres que tienen una madre o hermana con insuficiencia ovárica primaria tienen más probabilidades de tenerla</li> <li><strong>Genes</strong>: Algunos cambios en los genes y las enfermedades genéticas ponen a las mujeres en mayor riesgo de insuficiencia ovárica primaria. Por ejemplo, las mujeres con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fragilexsyndrome.html">síndrome X frágil</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/turnersyndrome.html">síndrome de Turner</a> tienen un mayor riesgo</li> <li><strong>Ciertas enfermedades</strong>: Como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">enfermedades autoinmunes</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">infecciones virales</a></li> <li><strong>Tratamientos contra el cáncer</strong>: Como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a></li> <li><strong>Edad</strong>: Las mujeres más jóvenes pueden tener falla ovárica primaria, pero se vuelve más común entre los 35 y 40 años </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la insuficiencia ovárica primaria?</h3> <p>El primer signo de insuficiencia ovárica primaria suele ser períodos irregulares o ausencia de ellos. Los síntomas posteriores pueden ser similares a los de la menopausia natural:</p> <ul> <li>Sofocos</li> <li>Sudores nocturnos</li> <li>Irritabilidad</li> <li>Falta de concentración</li> <li>Disminución del deseo sexual</li> <li>Dolor durante las relaciones sexuales</li> <li>Sequedad vaginal</li> </ul> <p>Las razones por las que las mujeres con insuficiencia ovárica prematura acuden a su proveedor de cuidados de salud es infertilidad o problemas para quedar embarazadas.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la insuficiencia ovárica primaria?</h3> <p>Debido a que la insuficiencia ovárica primaria provoca niveles más bajos de ciertas hormonas, corre un mayor riesgo de sufrir otras afecciones, como:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Ansiedad y depresión</strong>: Los cambios hormonales causados por la falla ovárica primaria pueden contribuir a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a> o provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a></li> <li><strong>Síndrome del ojo seco y enfermedad de la superficie ocular</strong>: Algunas mujeres con insuficiencia ovárica primaria tienen uno de estos problemas de los ojos. Ambos pueden causar incomodidad y visión borrosa. Si no se tratan, estas afecciones pueden causar daño permanente a los ojos</li> <li><strong>Enfermedad del corazón</strong>: Niveles más bajos de estrógeno pueden afectar los músculos que rodean las arterias y aumentar la acumulación de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> en ellas. Estos factores aumentan su riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">aterosclerosis</a> (endurecimiento de las arterias)</li> <li><strong> Infertilidad</strong></li> <li><strong>Hipotiroidismo</strong>: Este problema también se conoce como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html">hipofunción tiroidea</a>. La tiroides es una glándula que produce hormonas que controlan el metabolismo y el nivel de energía de su cuerpo. Bajos niveles de hormonas tiroideas pueden afectar su metabolismo y causar que tenga muy poca energía, lentitud mental y otros síntomas</li> <li><strong>Osteoporosis</strong>: La hormona estrógeno ayuda a mantener huesos fuertes. Sin suficiente estrógeno, las mujeres con insuficiencia ovárica primaria a menudo desarrollan osteoporosis, una enfermedad ósea que causa huesos débiles y frágiles y que tienen más probabilidades de romperse</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la insuficiencia ovárica primaria?</h3> <p>Para diagnosticar la insuficiencia ovárica primaria, su proveedor de atención médica puede considerar:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Su historia clínica</strong>, que incluye saber si tiene familiares con insuficiencia ovárica primaria</li> <li><strong>Una prueba de embarazo</strong> para asegurarse de que no está embarazada</li> <li><strong>Un examen físico</strong> para buscar signos de otras enfermedades que podrían estar causando sus síntomas</li> <li><strong>Análisis de sangre</strong> para verificar los niveles de ciertas hormonas. También es posible que se haga una prueba de sangre para realizar un análisis cromosómico. Un cromosoma es la parte de una célula que contiene información genética</li> <li><strong>Una ecografía pélvica</strong> para ver si los ovarios están agrandados o tienen varios folículos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se trata la insuficiencia ovárica primaria?</h3> <p>Actualmente, no existe un tratamiento comprobado para restablecer el funcionamiento normal de los ovarios de una mujer. Pero hay tratamientos para algunos de los síntomas de la insuficiencia ovárica primaria. También hay formas de reducir sus riesgos de salud y tratar las afecciones que puede causar:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Terapia de reemplazo hormonal</strong>: Es el tratamiento más común. Reemplaza el estrógeno y otras hormonas que sus ovarios no producen. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">terapia de reemplazo hormonal</a> mejora la salud sexual y disminuye los riesgos de enfermedad cardíaca y osteoporosis. Por lo general, tomará estas medicinas hasta los 50 años de edad; cerca de la edad en que la menopausia comienza</li> <li><strong>Suplementos de calcio y vitamina D</strong>: Debido a que las mujeres con insuficiencia ovárica primaria tienen un mayor riesgo de osteoporosis, deben tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">vitamina D</a> todos los días</li> <li><strong>Fertilización in vitro</strong>: Si tiene insuficiencia ovárica primaria y desea quedar embarazada, puede considerar la fertilización in vitro</li> <li><strong>Actividad física regular y un peso corporal saludable</strong>: Hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">ejercicio regularmente</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">controlar su peso</a> puede bajar su riesgo de osteoporosis y enfermedad cardíaca</li> <li><strong>Tratamientos para enfermedades relacionadas</strong>: Si tiene una afección que está relacionada con insuficiencia ovárica primaria, es importante tratarlas también. Los tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos y hormonas</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Sistema endocrino Sistema reproductor femenino Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Menopausia Menstruación Falla ovárica prematura Hipofunción ovárica Ovarios, Falla prematura Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Genética Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Falla renal Insuficiencia de los riñones <p>Los riñones sanos limpian la sangre eliminando el exceso de líquido, minerales y desechos. También producen hormonas que mantienen sus huesos fuertes y su sangre sana. Pero si los riñones están lesionados, no funcionan correctamente. Pueden acumularse desechos peligrosos en el organismo. Puede elevarse la presión arterial. Su cuerpo puede retener el exceso de líquidos y no producir suficientes glóbulos rojos. A esto se le llama insuficiencia renal.</p> <p>Si los riñones fallan, necesitará tratamiento para reemplazar las funciones que hacen normalmente. Las opciones de tratamiento son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">diálisis</a> o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html">trasplante renal</a>. Cada tratamiento tiene sus beneficios y desventajas. Independientemente del tratamiento que escoja, deberá hacerle algunos cambios a su estilo de vida, incluyendo el tipo de alimentación y planificar sus actividades. Pero, con la ayuda de los profesionales de la salud, la familia y los amigos, la mayoría de las personas con insuficiencia renal puede llevar una vida plena y activa.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Riñones y sistema urinario Kidney Failure Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de riñón Diálisis Enfermedad renal crónica Enfermedades de los riñones Problemas de los riñones asociados con la diabetes Quistes renales Trasplante de riñón Falla renal Insuficiencia renal crónica Nefropatía Renal, Falla Renal, Insuficiencia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nacional del Riñón Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Programa de Rehabilitación de Life Options PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fondo Estadounidense sobre los Riñones Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nacional del Riñón Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Falla respiratoria <h3>¿Qué es la insuficiencia respiratoria?</h3> <p>La insuficiencia respiratoria es una afección en la cual su sangre no tiene suficiente oxígeno o tiene demasiado dióxido de carbono. A veces puede tener ambos problemas.</p> <p>Cuando respira, sus pulmones se llenan de oxígeno. El oxígeno pasa a su sangre, que lo lleva a sus órganos, como el corazón y el cerebro, que necesitan sangre rica en oxígeno para funcionar bien.</p> <p>Otra función de la respiración es eliminar el dióxido de carbono de la sangre al botar el aire. Tener demasiado dióxido de carbono en la sangre puede dañar sus órganos.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la insuficiencia respiratoria?</h3> <p>Las enfermedades que afectan su respiración pueden causar insuficiencia respiratoria. Estas pueden afectar los músculos, nervios, huesos o tejidos que tienen que ver con la respiración. O pueden afectar directamente a los pulmones. Estas afecciones incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Enfermedades que afectan los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">pulmones</a>, como la <a href="copd.html" tid="1836" aria-describedby="ui-id-2">enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html">fibrosis quística</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html">embolia pulmonar</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a></li> <li>Afecciones que afectan los nervios y músculos que controlan la respiración, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html">esclerosis lateral amiotrófica</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html">distrofia muscular</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html">lesiones de la médula espinal</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a></li> <li>Problemas con la columna vertebral, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html">escoliosis</a> (una curvatura de la columna vertebral). Pueden afectar los huesos y músculos que se usan para respirar</li> <li>Daño a los tejidos y costillas alrededor de los pulmones. Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestinjuriesanddisorders.html">lesión en el tórax</a> puede causar este problema</li> <li>Sobredosis de drogas o alcohol</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalationinjuries.html">Lesiones por inhalación</a>, como inhalación de humo (de incendios) o gases nocivos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la insuficiencia respiratoria?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la insuficiencia respiratoria dependen de la causa y los niveles de oxígeno y dióxido de carbono en su sangre.</p> <p>Un nivel bajo de oxígeno en la sangre puede causar dificultad para respirar y falta de aire (la sensación de que no puede respirar suficiente aire). Su piel, labios y uñas pueden tener un color azulado. Un nivel alto de dióxido de carbono puede causar respiración rápida y confusión.</p> <p>Algunas personas que tienen insuficiencia respiratoria pueden tener mucho sueño o perder el conocimiento. También pueden tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">arritmia</a> (latidos cardíacos irregulares). Es posible que tenga estos síntomas si su cerebro y corazón no reciben suficiente oxígeno.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la insuficiencia respiratoria?</h3> <p>Su proveedor de atención médica diagnosticará la insuficiencia respiratoria basándose en:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica</li> <li>Un examen físico, que a menudo incluye:</li> <ul> <li>Escuchar sus pulmones para ver si hay sonidos anormales</li> <li>Escuchar a su corazón para ver si hay arritmia</li> <li>Observar si su piel, labios y uñas tienen un color azulado </li> </ul> <li>Pruebas de diagnóstico, como:</li> <ul> <li>Oximetría de pulso: Utiliza un pequeño sensor que usa una luz para medir la cantidad de oxígeno en su sangre. El sensor se coloca al final de su dedo o en su oreja</li> <li>Prueba de gasometría arterial: Mide los niveles de oxígeno y dióxido de carbono en su sangre. La muestra de sangre se toma de una arteria, generalmente en su muñeca</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Una vez que se diagnostica insuficiencia respiratoria, su proveedor de salud buscará la causa. A menudo, las pruebas incluyen una radiografía de tórax. Si su médico cree que puede tener arritmia debido a la insuficiencia respiratoria, es posible que se someta a un electrocardiograma. Esta es una prueba simple e indolora que detecta y registra la actividad eléctrica de su corazón.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la insuficiencia respiratoria?</h3> <p>El tratamiento para la insuficiencia respiratoria depende de:</p> <ul> <li>Si es aguda (de corto plazo) o crónica (en curso)</li> <li>Qué tan grave es</li> <li>Su causa</li> </ul> <p>La insuficiencia respiratoria aguda puede ser una emergencia médica. Es posible que necesite tratamiento en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital. La insuficiencia respiratoria crónica a menudo se puede tratar en casa. Pero si su insuficiencia respiratoria crónica es grave, es posible que necesite tratamiento en un centro de atención a largo plazo.</p> <p>Uno de los objetivos principales del tratamiento es llevar oxígeno a los pulmones y otros órganos y eliminar el dióxido de carbono de su cuerpo. Otro objetivo es tratar la causa de la afección. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">Terapia con oxígeno</a></strong>: Se realiza a través de una cánula nasal (dos pequeños tubos de plástico que se introducen en las fosas nasales) o mediante una máscara que se coloca sobre la nariz y la boca</li> <li><strong>Traqueotomía</strong>: es un orificio creado quirúrgicamente que atraviesa la parte frontal del cuello y llega a la tráquea. Luego se coloca en el orificio un tubo respiratorio, también llamado cánula de traqueotomía o tubo traqueal, para ayudarle a respirar</li> <li><strong>Ventilador</strong>: Máquina de respiración que sopla aire en sus pulmones. También saca el dióxido de carbono de sus pulmones</li> <li><strong>Otros tratamientos respiratorios</strong>: Como ventilación con presión positiva no invasiva, que utiliza una presión de aire moderada para mantener abiertas las vías respiratorias mientras duerme. Otro tratamiento es una cama especial que se mueve hacia adelante y hacia atrás para ayudarlo a inhalar y exhalar</li> <li><strong>Fluidos</strong>: A menudo por vía intravenosa para mejorar el flujo sanguíneo en todo el cuerpo. También proporcionan nutrición</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos para el malestar</strong></li> <li><strong>Tratamientos para la causa de la insuficiencia respiratoria</strong>: Estos pueden incluir medicamentos y procedimientos</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene insuficiencia respiratoria, consulte a su proveedor de atención médica para obtener atención médica continua. Su proveedor puede sugerir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">rehabilitación pulmonar</a>.</p> <p>Si su insuficiencia respiratoria es crónica, asegúrese de saber cuándo y dónde conseguir ayuda para sus síntomas. Si tiene síntomas graves, como dificultad para respirar o hablar, necesita atención de emergencia. Debe llamar a su proveedor si nota que sus síntomas están empeorando o si presenta nuevos signos y síntomas.</p> <p>Vivir con insuficiencia respiratoria puede causar temor, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a>. La terapia conversacional, los medicamentos y los grupos de apoyo pueden ayudarlo a sentirse mejor.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Respiratory Failure Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Más información Spanish/Español Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense PDF Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>La mayoría de las veces, los medicamentos hacen que nuestras vidas sean mejores. Reducen dolores y molestias, combaten infecciones y controlan problemas como la presión arterial alta o la diabetes. Pero también pueden causar reacciones no deseadas, como interacciones entre medicamentos, efectos secundarios y alergias.</p> <h3>¿Qué es una interacción de medicamentos?</h3> <p>Una interacción de medicamentos es un cambio en la forma en que un medicamento actúa en el cuerpo cuando se toma con otras medicinas, alimentos o suplementos; o cuando se toma mientras tiene ciertas afecciones médicas. Por ejemplo, entre:</p> <ul> <li>Dos medicamentos, como aspirina y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">anticoagulantes</a></li> <li>Medicamentos y alimentos, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html">estatinas</a> y pomelo</li> <li>Medicamentos y suplementos, como ginkgo y anticoagulantes</li> <li>Medicamentos y afecciones médicas, como aspirina y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html">úlceras pépticas</a></li> </ul> <p>Las interacciones podrían hacer que un medicamento sea más o menos efectivo, causar efectos secundarios o cambiar la forma en que funcionan uno o ambos medicamentos.</p> <h3>¿Qué son los efectos secundarios?</h3> <p>Los efectos secundarios son efectos no deseados, generalmente desagradables, causados por medicamentos. La mayoría son leves, como dolor de estómago, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html">boca seca</a> o somnolencia, y desaparecen al dejar de tomar el medicamento. Otros pueden ser más graves. En ocasiones, un medicamento puede interactuar con una enfermedad que tiene y causar un efecto secundario. Por ejemplo, si tiene una afección cardíaca, ciertos descongestionantes pueden hacer que tenga latidos cardíacos rápidos.</p> <h3>¿Qué son las alergias a medicamentos?</h3> <p>Las alergias a medicamentos son otro tipo de reacción. Pueden variar de leves a potencialmente mortales. Las reacciones cutáneas, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hives.html">urticaria</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">sarpullido</a>, son el tipo más común. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html">anafilaxia</a>, una reacción alérgica grave, es menos común.</p> <h3>¿Cómo mantenerme seguro cuando tomo medicamentos?</h3> <p>Cuando empiece a tomar un nuevo medicamento recetado o de venta libre, asegúrese de entender cómo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html">tomarlo correctamente</a>. Sepa qué otros medicamentos, alimentos y suplementos debe evitar. Siempre hable con su profesional de la salud o farmacéutico si tiene preguntas sobre sus medicamentos.</p> Tratamiento con medicamentos Drug Reactions Alergia Anafilaxia Errores en la administración de medicamentos Medicamentos Medicamentos sin receta médica Seguridad de los medicamentos Urticaria Medicinas, Efectos adversos Medicinas, Interacciones Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español SAG Fundación para la Salud en Envejecimiento PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Información de referencia Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Bladder pain syndrome IC PBS Painful bladder syndrome <p>Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a condition that causes discomfort or pain in the bladder and a need to urinate frequently and urgently. It is far more common in women than in men. The symptoms vary from person to person. Some people may have pain without urgency or frequency. Others have urgency and frequency without pain. Women's symptoms often get worse during their periods. They may also have pain with sexual intercourse.</p> <p>The cause of IC isn't known. There is no one test to tell if you have it. Doctors often run tests to rule out other possible causes of symptoms. There is no cure for IC, but treatments can help most people feel better. They include:</p><ul> <li>Distending, or inflating, the bladder</li> <li>Bathing the inside of the bladder with a drug solution</li> <li>Oral medicines</li> <li>Electrical nerve stimulation</li> <li>Physical therapy</li> <li>Lifestyle changes</li> <li>Bladder training</li> <li>In rare cases, surgery</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Cistitis intersticial Cystitis, Interstitial Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bladder Diseases Bladder Pain Syndrome Cystitis Painful Bladder Syndrome Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Symptoms National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Interstitial lung disease is the name for a large group of diseases that inflame or scar the lungs. The inflammation and scarring make it hard to get enough oxygen. The scarring is called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryfibrosis.html">pulmonary fibrosis</a>.</p> <p>Breathing in dust or other particles in the air is responsible for some types of interstitial lung diseases. Specific types include:</p><ul> <li>Black lung disease among coal miners, from inhaling coal dust</li> <li>Farmer's lung, from inhaling farm dust</li> <li>Asbestosis, from inhaling <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html">asbestos</a> fibers</li> <li>Siderosis, from inhaling iron from mines or welding fumes</li> <li>Silicosis, from inhaling silica dust</li> </ul> <p>Other causes include autoimmune diseases or occupational exposures to molds, gases, or fumes. Some types of interstitial lung disease have no known cause.</p> <p>Treatment depends on the type of exposure and the stage of the disease. It may involve medicines, oxygen therapy, or a lung transplant in severe cases.</p> Lungs and Breathing Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial Lung Diseases, Interstitial Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Asbestos Lung Diseases Occupational Health Pulmonary Fibrosis Pulmonary Rehabilitation Coal Miner's Lung Farmer's Lung Interstitial Pneumonitis Pneumoconiosis Specifics National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Lung Association Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues National Farm Medicine Center PDF Specifics Virginia Cooperative Extension Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Jewish Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Jewish Health Specifics American Lung Association Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Lung Association Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors Occupational Safety and Health Administration PDF Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Prevention and Risk Factors American Lung Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PDF Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Duodenal cancer Ileal cancer Jejunal cancer Small intestine cancer <p>Your small intestine is part of your digestive system. It is a long tube that connects your stomach to your large intestine. Intestinal cancer is rare, but eating a high-fat diet or having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html">Crohn's disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html">celiac disease,</a> or a history of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonicpolyps.html">colonic polyps</a> can increase your risk.</p> <p>Possible signs of small intestine cancer include:</p><ul> <li>Abdominal pain</li> <li>Weight loss for no reason</li> <li>Blood in the stool</li> <li>A lump in the abdomen</li> </ul> <p>Imaging tests that create pictures of the small intestine and the area around it can help diagnose intestinal cancer and show whether it has spread.</p> <p>Surgery is the most common treatment. Additional options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Digestive System Cáncer de intestino Ileal Neoplasms Jejunal Neoplasms Duodenal Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Carcinoid Tumors Colorectal Cancer Soft Tissue Sarcoma Stomach Cancer Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Small Intestine Cancer Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Genetics American Cancer Society Bowel obstruction Intestinal volvulus Paralytic ileus <p>An intestinal obstruction occurs when food or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelmovement.html">stool</a> cannot move through the intestines. The obstruction can be complete or partial. There are many causes. The most common are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adhesions.html">adhesions</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hernia.html">hernias</a>, cancers, and certain medicines. </p> <p>Symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Severe abdominal pain or cramping </li> <li>Vomiting </li> <li>Bloating </li> <li>Loud bowel sounds </li> <li>Swelling of the abdomen </li> <li>Inability to pass gas </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">Constipation</a></li> </ul> <p>A complete intestinal obstruction is a medical emergency. It often requires surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Obstrucción intestinal Intestinal Obstruction Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Adhesions Colonic Diseases Small Intestine Disorders Bowel Obstruction Fecal Impaction Intestinal Volvulus Intussusception Paralytic Ileus Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Specifics International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests American College of Gastroenterology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Battery Domestic violence Partner abuse Spousal abuse <h3>What is intimate partner violence (IPV)?</h3> <p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is abuse that happens in a romantic relationship. The intimate partner could be a current or former spouse or dating partner. IPV is also known as domestic violence.</p> <p>IPV may include different types of abuse, such as:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Physical violence</strong>, when a person hurts or tries to hurt a partner by hitting, kicking, or using another type of physical force.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html">Sexual violence</a></strong> which involves forcing or attempting to force a partner to take part in sexual activity when the partner does not or cannot consent. The sexual activity could include things like sex acts, sexual touching, or non-physical sexual events (e.g., sexting).</li> <li><strong>Emotional abuse</strong>, which includes threats, name-calling, put-downs, and humiliation. It can also involve controlling behavior, such as telling a partner how to act or dress and not letting them see family or friends.</li> <li><strong>Economic abuse</strong>, also called financial abuse, which involves controlling access to money.</li> <li><strong>Stalking</strong>, which is repeated, unwanted contact that causes fear or concern for the safety of the partner. This can include watching or following the partner. The stalker may send repeated, unwanted phone calls or texts.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is affected by intimate partner violence (IPV)?</h3> <p>It is hard to know exactly how common IPV is because it is often not reported.</p> <p>But we do know that anyone can be affected by it. IPV can happen to anyone. It affects people with all levels of income and education.</p> <h3>What are the signs that someone is experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV)?</h3> <p>If you think that a loved one might be experiencing IPV, watch for these signs:</p> <p>Does your friend or loved one:</p> <ul> <li>Have unexplained cuts or bruises?</li> <li>Avoid friends, family, and favorite activities?</li> <li>Make excuses for their partner's behavior?</li> <li>Look uncomfortable or fearful around their partner?</li> </ul> <p>Does your friend or loved one's partner:</p> <ul> <li>Yell at or make fun of them?</li> <li>Try to control them by making all the decisions?</li> <li>Check up on them at work or school?</li> <li>Force them to do sexual things they don't want to do?</li> <li>Threaten to hurt themself if the partner wants to break up?</li> </ul> <h3>What can I do if I am experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV)?</h3> <p>Your safety is the most important concern. <strong>If you are in immediate danger, call 911.</strong></p> <p>If you are not in immediate danger, you can:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Get medical care</strong> if you have been injured or sexually assaulted.</li> <li><strong>Call a helpline</strong> for free, anonymous help. You can contact the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 800-799-SAFE (7233) or 800-787-3224 (TTY). You can also chat with them through <a href="https://www.thehotline.org/" target="_blank">their website</a> or through text by texting START to 88788.</li> <li><strong>Find out where to get help in your community.</strong> Contact local organizations that can help you.</li> <li><strong>Make a safety plan to leave.</strong> Intimate partner violence usually does not get better. Think about a safe place for you to go and all of the things that you will need when you leave.</li> <li><strong>Save the evidence.</strong> Keep evidence of abuse, such as pictures of your injuries or threatening emails or texts. Make sure that it is in a safe place the abuser cannot access.</li> <li><strong>Talk to someone you trust</strong>, such as a family member, a friend, a co-worker, or a spiritual leader.</li> <li><strong>Consider getting a restraining order</strong> to protect yourself.</li> </ul> <h3>How can I help someone who is experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV)?</h3> <p>Let your loved one know that being treated this way isn't healthy and that they are not to blame. You should:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Call 911 if there is immediate danger.</strong></li> <li><strong>Watch for the signs of abuse.</strong> Learn about the signs and keep track of the ones that you see.</li> <li><strong>Find out about local resources.</strong> Get the addresses and phone numbers of some local resources in your community. Then you'll be able to share the information if the person is ready for it.</li> <li><strong>Set up a time to talk.</strong> Make sure you can have your conversation in a safe, private place. Your loved one's partner may have access to his or her cell phone or computer, so be careful about sharing information over text or email.</li> <li><strong>Be specific about why you are worried.</strong> Describe the behaviors that concern you. Be as specific as possible when explaining why you are worried.</li> <li><strong>Plan for safety.</strong> If your loved one is ready to leave an abusive partner, help make a plan for getting out of the relationship as safely as possible. An intimate partner violence counselor can help with making a safety plan.</li> <li><strong>Be patient and do not judge.</strong> You should talk about your concerns with your loved one, but you need to understand that they may not be ready to talk about it. Let them know that you're available to talk at any time, and that you will listen without judging them.</li> </ul> Women Injuries and Wounds Social/Family Issues Violencia en la pareja Intimate Partner Violence Spanish Child Abuse Child Sexual Abuse Elder Abuse Sexual Assault Teen Violence Abuse Domestic Violence Partner Abuse Spouse Abuse Violence Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American Migraine Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Center for PTSD Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Find an Expert Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Teenagers American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Journal Articles Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Drug Enforcement Administration Statistics and Research World Health Organization Specifics Rural Health Information Hub Acoso en la escuela Acoso escolar Acoso escolar cibernético Agresión en la escuela Buscapleitos Ciber-intimidación Peleones <h3>¿Qué es intimidación o acoso?</h3> <p>Se conoce como intimidación o acoso (conocido en inglés como bullying) cuando una persona o grupo lastima repetidamente a alguien a propósito. Puede ser físico, social y / o verbal. Es dañino tanto para las víctimas como para los acosadores, y siempre implica:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Comportamiento agresivo</strong></li> <li><strong>Diferencia de poder:</strong> Es decir, la víctima es más débil o se percibe como más débil. Por ejemplo, los acosadores pueden intentar usar la fuerza física, información vergonzosa o la popularidad para dañar a otros</li> <li><strong>Repetición:</strong> Es decir, ocurre más de una vez o probablemente volverá a suceder</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de acoso escolar?</h3> <p>Hay tres tipos de intimidación:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Acoso físico:</strong> Implica dañar el cuerpo o las pertenencias de una persona. Los ejemplos incluyen golpear, patear y robar o romper cosas de alguien</li> <li><strong>Intimidación social</strong> (también llamada intimidación relacional): Intimidación social (también llamada intimidación relacional): Daña la reputación o las relaciones de alguien. Algunos ejemplos son difundir rumores, avergonzar a alguien en público y hacer que alguien se sienta excluido</li> <li><strong>Acoso verbal:</strong> Consiste en decir o escribir cosas negativas, incluyendo insultos, burlas y amenazas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué es el ciberacoso?</h3> <p>El acoso cibernético o ciberacoso es la intimidación que ocurre a través de mensajes de texto o en línea. Puede ser a través de correos electrónicos, redes sociales, foros o juegos. Algunos ejemplos son:</p> <ul> <li>Publicar rumores en las redes sociales</li> <li>Compartir fotos o videos vergonzosos en línea</li> <li>Compartir información privada de otra persona en línea (llamado doxing en inglés)</li> <li>Amenazar a alguien en línea</li> <li>Crear cuentas falsas y publicar información para avergonzar a alguien</li> </ul> <p>Ciertos tipos de ciberacoso pueden ser ilegales. Las leyes sobre el ciberacoso son diferentes de un estado a otro.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la diferencia entre el ciberacoso y la intimidación?</h3> <p>El acoso cibernético es un tipo de acoso, pero hay algunas diferencias entre ambos. El acoso cibernético puede ser:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Anónimo:</strong> Las personas pueden ocultar sus identidades cuando están en línea o usando un teléfono celular</li> <li><strong>Persistente:</strong> las personas pueden enviar mensajes al instante, a cualquier hora del día o de la noche</li> <li><strong>Permanente:</strong> Muchas comunicaciones electrónicas son permanentes y públicas, a menos que se reporten y eliminen. Una mala reputación en línea puede afectar el ingreso a la universidad, el empleo y otras áreas de la vida de las personas. Esto también se aplica para el acosador</li> <li><strong>Difícil de notar:</strong> Los maestros y los padres no pueden escuchar o ver cómo ocurre el ciberacoso</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de ser intimidado?</h3> <p>Los niños tienen un mayor riesgo de ser intimidados si:</p> <ul> <li>Son vistos como diferentes de sus compañeros, por ejemplo, si tienen sobrepeso o bajo peso, se visten de manera diferente o son de una raza / etnia diferente</li> <li>Son vistos como débiles</li> <li>Tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a> o baja autoestima.</li> <li>No tienen muchos amigos o son menos populares</li> <li>No socializan bien con los demás</li> <li>Tienen una discapacidad intelectual o del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html">desarrollo</a> </li></ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de ser un acosador?</h3> <p>Hay dos tipos de menores que tienen más probabilidades de acosar a otros:</p> <ul> <li>Niños que están bien conectados con sus compañeros, tienen poder social, se preocupan demasiado por la popularidad y les gusta estar al mando de otros</li> <li>Niños que están más aislados de sus compañeros, pueden estar deprimidos o ansiosos, tienen baja autoestima, son fácilmente presionados por sus compañeros y tienen problemas para entender los sentimientos de otras personas</li> </ul> <p>Hay ciertos factores que pueden favorecer para que alguien sea un acosador. Incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Ser agresivo o frustrarse fácilmente</li> <li>Tener problemas en el hogar, como sufrir violencia o acoso o tener padres no involucrados con sus hijos</li> <li>Tener problemas para seguir las reglas</li> <li>Ver la violencia en forma positiva</li> <li>Tener amigos que intimidan a otros</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos de la intimidación?</h3> <p>La intimidación es un problema grave que causa daño. No solo lastima a la persona que está siendo intimidada, también puede ser perjudicial para los acosadores y para cualquier niño que sea testigo de la intimidación.</p> <p>Los niños que son acosados pueden tener problemas en la escuela y con su salud mental y física. Están en riesgo de:</p> <ul> <li>Depresión, ansiedad y baja autoestima. Estos problemas a veces duran hasta la edad adulta</li> <li>Problemas de salud, incluyendo dolores de cabeza y de estómago</li> <li>Calificaciones y resultados de exámenes más bajos</li> <li>Falta y abandono escolar</li> </ul> <p>Los <strong>niños que intimidan a otros</strong> tienen un mayor riesgo de consumo de sustancias, problemas en la escuela y violencia en el futuro.</p> <p>Los <strong>niños que son testigos de la intimidación</strong> son más propensos a abusar de las drogas o el alcohol y tener problemas de salud mental. También pueden faltar a la escuela.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los signos de ser intimidado?</h3> <p>A menudo, los niños que están siendo intimidados no lo denuncian. Pueden temer una reacción violenta del acosador o pensar que a nadie le importa. A veces se sienten demasiado avergonzados para hablar de ello. Por eso, es importante conocer las señales de un problema de acoso escolar:</p> <ul> <li>Depresión, soledad o ansiedad</li> <li>Baja autoestima</li> <li>Dolores de cabeza, dolores de estómago o malos hábitos alimenticios</li> <li>No le gusta o no quiere ir a la escuela, o tiene peores calificaciones que antes</li> <li>Comportamientos autodestructivos, como huir de casa, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/selfharm.html">hacerse daño</a> o hablar de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html">suicidio</a></li> <li>Lesiones inexplicables</li> <li>Perder o destruir ropa, libros, artículos electrónicos o joyas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html">Problemas para dormir</a> o pesadillas frecuentes</li> <li>Pérdida repentina de amigos o evitar situaciones sociales</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo ayudar a alguien que está siendo acosado?</h3> <p>Para ayudar a un niño que está siendo intimidado, apóyelo y hable sobre la intimidación:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Escuche y enfóquese en el niño:</strong> Entérese sobre lo que está pasando y demuestre que quiere ayudar</li> <li><strong>Asegúrele al niño que la intimidación no es su culpa</strong></li> <li><strong>Esté consciente que los niños que son acosados pueden tener dificultades para hablar sobre esto:</strong> Considere referirlos a un consejero escolar, psicólogo u otro servicio de salud mental</li> <li><strong>Entregue sugerencias sobre qué hacer:</strong> Por ejemplo, puede intercambiar roles y pensar cómo reaccionará el niño si el acoso ocurre nuevamente</li> <li><strong>Trabajen juntos para resolver la situación y proteger al niño acosado:</strong> El niño, los padres y la escuela u organización educacional deben ser parte de la solución</li> <li><strong>Mantenga su interés:</strong> La intimidación puede no terminar de la noche a la mañana. Asegúrese de que el niño sepa que usted está comprometido a detener el abuso</li> <li><strong>Asegúrese de que el agresor sepa que su comportamiento es incorrecto y que perjudica a otros</strong></li> <li><strong>Muestre a los niños que el acoso escolar es un tema serio:</strong> Deje en claro a todos que el acoso no será tolerado</li> </ul> <p class="">Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.</p> Niños y adolescentes Asuntos sociales y familiares Bullying and Cyberbullying Salud escolar Salud mental del adolescente Salud mental del niño Violencia en los adolescentes Ciberacoso Escuela, Acoso Internet, Seguridad en Violencia en la escuela Spanish/Español Niños/as Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Comisión Federal de Comercio Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comercio Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comercio Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comercio Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comercio Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Adolescentes Spanish/Español Comisión Federal de Comercio Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Intolerancia a productos lácteos <p>Intolerancia a la lactosa significa que usted no puede digerir alimentos que contienen lactosa. La lactosa es el azúcar que se encuentra en la leche y los alimentos preparados con leche. Después de ingerir alimentos que contienen lactosa, es posible que tenga malestar estomacal. También puede presentar:</p> <ul> <li> Gases</li> <li> Diarrea </li> <li> Inflamación en el estómago </li> </ul> <p>El médico puede hacerle un análisis de sangre, una prueba de aliento o un análisis de heces para detectar si sus problemas se deben a la intolerancia a la lactosa.</p> <p>La intolerancia a la lactosa no es un cuadro serio. Consumir menos alimentos con lactosa o utilizar pastillas o gotas que lo ayuden a digerir la lactosa suelen ser de ayuda. Es posible que necesite tomar suplementos de calcio, ya que la leche y los productos lácteos son las fuentes más comunes de calcio para la mayoría de las personas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Problemas del metabolismo Lactose Intolerance Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Alergia a los alimentos Lactosa, Intolerancia a la Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos <p>Las inundaciones son comunes en Estados Unidos. Las lluvias fuertes, tormentas o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hurricanes.html">huracanes</a> pueden provocar inundaciones. Las inundaciones también pueden ocurrir cuando un río o una corriente de agua se desbordan de su lecho, cuando se agrieta un dique o cuando se rompe una represa. Las inundaciones repentinas, que pueden desarrollarse rápidamente, suelen tener una peligrosa pared de agua turbulenta que arrastra piedras, lodo y escombros y que pueden barrer casi todo lo que encuentran a su paso. </p> <p>Tenga conciencia de los riesgos de inundación independientemente del lugar en el que se vive, pero en especial si vive en áreas bajas, cercanas al agua o aguas abajo de una represa. Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad durante una inundación, es posible tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">plan de acción para casos de desastres</a>. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si usted experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Usted puede necesitar ayuda para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html">superar la situación</a>. </p> <p class="">Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</p> Desastres Floods Desastres naturales Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional <h3>What is iron?</h3> <p>Iron is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">mineral</a> that our bodies need for growth and development. Your body uses iron to make hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells. Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. Iron is also important for healthy muscles, bone marrow, and organ function. Your body also needs iron to make some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a>.</p> <h3>How do you get iron?</h3> <p>Iron is found naturally in many foods and is added to some fortified food products. Foods that are high in iron include:</p> <ul> <li>Lean meat, seafood, and poultry</li> <li>Iron-fortified breakfast cereals and breads</li> <li>White beans, lentils, spinach, kidney beans, and peas</li> <li>Nuts and some dried fruits, such as raisins</li> </ul> <p>Iron is available in supplements, either on its own or as part of many multivitamin/mineral supplements.</p> <h3>What causes low iron?</h3> <p>Most people in the United States get enough iron. The amount that you need each day depends on your age, your sex, and whether you consume a mostly plant-based diet.</p> <p>Sometimes people can have trouble getting enough iron. There can be many causes, including blood loss, a poor diet, or a problem absorbing enough iron from foods. Those who are more likely to have low iron include people who:</p> <ul> <li>Have heavy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">periods</a></li> <li>Are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnant</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html">breastfeeding</a></li> <li>Are infants (especially if they were born <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html">premature</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">low birth weight</a>)</li> <li>Are frequent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">blood donors</a></li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancer</a>, certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html">digestive diseases</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">heart failure</a></li> <li>Are on <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">kidney dialysis</a></li> <li>Have trouble absorbing iron because they: <ul> <li>Have a digestive condition such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html">celiac disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html">ulcerative colitis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html">Crohn's disease</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html">Helicobacter pylori infection</a></li> <li>Had <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html">weight loss surgery</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What happens if you don't get enough iron?</h3> <p>If you have too little iron, you may develop iron-deficiency <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>. It may not cause symptoms at first, but over time, it can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">shortness of breath</a>, and trouble with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html">memory</a> and concentration. Treatment for low iron and iron-deficiency anemia is usually with iron supplements.</p> <h3>What happens if you get too much iron?</h3> <p>Too much iron can damage your body. For example, if you are healthy and take too many iron supplements, you may have symptoms such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">constipation</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea and vomiting</a>, <a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061">abdominal (belly) pain</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>. Higher iron levels can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html">ulcers</a>. Extremely high levels can lead to organ damage, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html">coma</a>, and death.</p> <p>A disease called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemochromatosis.html">hemochromatosis</a> can cause too much iron to build up in the body. Hemochromatosis is inherited (passed down through families). It is usually treated by removing blood (and iron) from your body on a regular basis.</p> <p class="">National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements</p> Food and Nutrition Hierro en la dieta Iron Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Anemia Hemochromatosis Minerals Thalassemia Ferritin Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia IBS Irritable colon <p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a problem that affects the large intestine. It can cause abdominal cramping, bloating, and a change in bowel habits. Some people with the disorder have constipation. Some have diarrhea. Others go back and forth between the two. Although IBS can cause a great deal of discomfort, it does not harm the intestines.</p> <p>IBS is common. It affects about twice as many women as men and is most often found in people younger than 45 years. No one knows the exact cause of IBS. There is no specific test for it. Your doctor may run tests to be sure you don't have other diseases. These tests may include stool sampling tests, blood tests, and x-rays. Your doctor may also do a test called a sigmoidoscopy or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colonoscopy.html">colonoscopy</a>. Most people diagnosed with IBS can control their symptoms with diet, stress management, probiotics, and medicine.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Síndrome del intestino irritable Colonic Diseases, Functional Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases IBS Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Living With American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Related Issues International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Living With International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Women International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Video Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders PDF Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Treatments and Therapies International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Journal Articles Symptoms International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Living With International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Living With International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Symptoms National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Health Check Tools American College of Gastroenterology PDF Living With International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders PDF Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Embolic Stroke Thrombotic stroke <p>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a> is a medical emergency. There are two types - ischemic and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html">hemorrhagic</a>. Ischemic stroke is the more common type. It is usually caused by a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clot</a> that blocks or plugs a blood vessel in the brain. This keeps blood from flowing to the brain. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. Another cause is stenosis, or narrowing of the artery. This can happen because of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">atherosclerosis</a>, a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html">Transient ischemic attacks</a> (TIAs) occur when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted briefly. Having a TIA can mean you are at risk for having a more serious stroke.</p> <p>Symptoms of stroke are:</p><ul> <li>Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body)</li> <li>Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech</li> <li>Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes</li> <li>Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination</li> <li>Sudden severe headache with no known cause</li> </ul> <p>It is important to treat strokes as quickly as possible. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">Blood thinners</a> may be used to stop a stroke while it is happening by quickly dissolving the blood clot. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/strokerehabilitation.html">Post-stroke rehabilitation</a> can help people overcome disabilities caused by stroke damage.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Brain and Nerves Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico Ischemic Stroke Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Hemorrhagic Stroke Stroke Stroke Rehabilitation Carotid Endarterectomy Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Stroke Association Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Stroke Association Start Here American Stroke Association PDF Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Heart Association PDF Easy-to-Read <p>Islets are cells found in clusters throughout the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreastransplantation.html">pancreas</a>. They are made up of several types of cells. One of these is beta cells, which make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body use glucose for energy. Islet cell transplantation transfers cells from an organ donor into the body of another person. It is an experimental treatment for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1 diabetes</a>.</p> <p>In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin. A person who has type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily to live. Transplanted islet cells, however, can take over the work of the destroyed cells. The beta cells in these islets will begin to make and release insulin. Researchers hope islet transplantation will help people with type 1 diabetes live without daily insulin injections.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases </p> Digestive System Endocrine System Transplantation and Donation Trasplante de células de los islotes Islets of Langerhans Transplantation Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Learn More Diabetes Research Institute Foundation Pruritus <h3>What is itching?</h3> <p>Itching is an irritating sensation that makes you want to scratch your skin. Sometimes it can feel like pain, but it is different. Often, you feel itchy in one area in your body, but sometimes you may feel itching all over. Along with the itching, you may also have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rash</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hives.html">hives</a>.</p> <h3>What causes itching?</h3> <p>Itching is a symptom of many health conditions. Some common causes are:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">Allergic reactions</a> to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html">food</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html">insect bites</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hayfever.html">pollen</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">medicines</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html">Skin conditions</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html">eczema</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html">psoriasis</a>, and dry skin</li> <li>Irritating chemicals, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cosmetics.html">cosmetics</a>, and other substances</li> <li>Parasites such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pinworms.html">pinworms</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scabies.html">scabies</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html">head</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bodylice.html">body lice</a></li> <li>Pregnancy</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">Liver</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">thyroid</a> diseases</li> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancers</a> or cancer treatments</li> <li>Diseases that can affect the nervous system, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html">shingles</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for itching?</h3> <p>Most itching is not serious. To feel better, you could try:</p><ul> <li>Applying cold compresses</li> <li>Using moisturizing lotions</li> <li>Taking lukewarm or oatmeal baths</li> <li>Using over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream or antihistamines</li> <li>Avoiding scratching, wearing irritating fabrics, and exposure to high heat and humidity</li> </ul> <p>Contact your health care provider if your itching is severe, does not go away after a few weeks, or does not have an apparent cause. You may need other treatments, such as medicines or light therapy. If you have an underlying disease that is causing the itching, treating that disease may help.</p> Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Symptoms Picazón Pruritus Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Pruritus Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children VisualDX Specifics VisualDX Specifics VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics VisualDX Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Journal Articles Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Specifics VisualDX Icterus <p>Jaundice causes your skin and the whites of your eyes to turn yellow. Too much bilirubin causes jaundice. Bilirubin is a yellow chemical in hemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen in your red blood cells. As red blood cells break down, your body builds new cells to replace them. The old ones are processed by the liver. If the liver cannot handle the blood cells as they break down, bilirubin builds up in the body and your skin may look yellow. </p> <p>Many healthy babies have some jaundice during the first week of life. It usually goes away. However, jaundice can happen at any age and may be a sign of a problem. Jaundice can happen for many reasons, such as:</p><ul> <li> Blood diseases</li> <li> Genetic syndromes</li> <li> Liver diseases, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html">hepatitis</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html">cirrhosis</a></li> <li> Blockage of bile ducts </li> <li> Infections </li> <li> Medicines </li> </ul> Digestive System Symptoms Ictericia Hyperbilirubinemia Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Liver Diseases Icterus Kernicterus Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Liver Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children American Liver Foundation PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Your jaw is a set of bones that holds your teeth. It includes:</p> <ul> <li>The <strong>maxilla,</strong> which is the upper part of your jaw. It holds your top teeth in place and doesn't move. It also supports the muscles involved in chewing and facial expressions.</li> <li>The <strong>mandible,</strong> which is the lower part of your jaw. You move it when you talk or chew. It also holds your lower teeth in place.</li> <li>The <strong>temporomandibular joints</strong> (TMJs), which are two joints (one on each side) that connect your mandible to your skull.</li> </ul> <p>Jaw problems can include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">Fractures</a> (broken bones).</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html">Dislocations</a>, which are joint injuries that force the ends of your bones out of position.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/temporomandibulardisorders.html">Temporomandibular disorders</a> (TMDs), which are conditions that affect your TMJs.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteonecrosis.html">Osteonecrosis</a>, which happens when the blood flow to part of your bone is disrupted. It can cause the bone to break down.</li> <li>Jaw tumors, which can be benign (not cancer) or cancer.</li> <li>Jaw defects, which are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">birth defects</a> in which your jaw could be missing or deformed.</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Diagnostic imaging tests</a> are often used to diagnose jaw injuries and disorders. Your treatment will depend on which jaw problem you have.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Mouth and Teeth Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades de la mandíbula Jaw injuries Jaw Fractures Jaw Diseases Spanish Facial Injuries and Disorders Mouth Disorders Temporomandibular Disorders Trigeminal Neuralgia Mandibular Disorders Maxillary Disorders Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Video Find an Expert American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Specifics American College of Rheumatology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons PDF <h3>What are joints?</h3> <p>Your joints are places where two or more bones come together. Your shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, and knuckles are all joints. Your spine has joints, too.</p> <p>But joints are more than bones. They include the soft tissues around them, such as cartilage, tendons and ligaments. Cartilage is the hard slippery flexible tissue that covers the ends of your bones at a joint. Tendons are tough, flexible bands that connect your muscles to your bones so you can move your joints. Ligaments connect the bones of the joint to each other to keep them stable when you move.</p> <h3>What are joint disorders?</h3> <p>Joint disorders are diseases or injuries that affect your joints. Injuries can happen because of overuse of a joint. Or you could have a sudden injury, such as an accident or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">sports injury</a>.</p> <h3>What diseases can affect the joints?</h3> <p>Many diseases can affect the joints. They often cause joint pain and make your joints stiff, red, or swollen. Most of them are chronic. That means they last a long time. Some may never go away completely. Some of the diseases that affect the joints include:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">Arthritis</a>.</strong> Arthritis may cause joint pain and swelling. There are many types of this disease. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoarthritis</a> is the most common type. Over time, arthritis can cause severe joint damage. It can affect people of all ages. A joint injury when you're young may cause osteoarthritis later in life.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html">Lupus</a>.</strong> This <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune disease</a> affects many parts of the body and can cause joint and muscle pain. Some types of lupus often cause arthritis.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sjogrenssyndrome.html">Sjögren's Syndrome</a>.</strong> This autoimmune disease affects glands that make moisture in many parts of the body. The main symptoms are dry eyes and mouth, but it often causes joint pain, too.</li> </ul> <p>Treatments are different depending on the disease. But most treatments include medicines and therapies to relieve pain and other symptoms.</p> <h3>What types of joint disorders happen from sudden injuries?</h3> <p>Joint disorders from sudden injuries include:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">Sprains and strains</a>.</strong> Sprains are stretched or torn ligaments. Acute strains are stretched or torn muscles or tendons that happen from a sudden injury or movement, such as lifting a heavy object.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html">Dislocated joints</a>.</strong> A joint is dislocated when the bones are pushed or pulled out of position. A joint dislocation is a medical emergency.</li> </ul> <p>Treatment depends on the type of injury. You can treat many sports injuries at home. But you should call your health care provider if you:</p> <ul> <li>Have a lot of joint pain, swelling or numbness</li> <li>Can't put weight on the joint</li> <li>Have pain from an old injury with more swelling, an unstable joint, or a joint that isn't normal in another way</li> </ul> <h3>What types of joint disorders happen from overuse?</h3> <p>Overuse injuries usually damage the soft tissues of the joint. They can happen when you work a joint too hard by doing the same movements over and over. For example, you could get an overuse injury from playing a musical instrument, playing sports, or doing certain jobs, such as carpentry or painting.</p> <p>Joint overuse injuries include:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bursitis.html">Bursitis</a>.</strong> The bursa is a small fluid-filled sac. It works as a pad between the bones of a joint and the moving parts around it, such as muscles, tendons and skin. With bursitis, the bursa becomes irritated and swollen with extra fluid. Overuse is the most common cause, but injuries, infections and other conditions, such as arthritis, can cause bursitis.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html">Tendinitis</a>.</strong> This condition happens when you overuse a tendon. It swells and makes the joint painful to move.</li> <li><strong>Chronic strain.</strong> A strain becomes chronic when your muscles or tendons stretch or tear slowly over time from repeating the same movements.</li> </ul> <p>The treatments for bursitis, tendinitis, and chronic strain are often the same. They usually include rest, keeping the injured joint higher than your heart, and taking medicine to reduce swelling. Your provider may recommend gentle exercise and other treatment. In some cases, your provider may suggest an injection (a shot) of medicine into the joint. If these do not help, you may need surgery.</p> <h3>How can I keep my joints healthy?</h3> <p>Getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">enough physical activity</a> is one of the most important things you can do to prevent or slow joint disorders. Activity strengthens the muscles around your joints and helps them work better.</p> <p>When you play sports, wear the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html">right equipment</a> to protect your joints, such as knee pads. If you already have joint problems, ask your provider what type of activities are best for you.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Problemas de las articulaciones Joint Diseases Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Ankle Injuries and Disorders Arthritis Bursitis Cartilage Disorders Connective Tissue Disorders Dislocations Elbow Injuries and Disorders Hip Injuries and Disorders Infectious Arthritis Juvenile Arthritis Knee Injuries and Disorders Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Shoulder Injuries and Disorders Wrist Injuries and Disorders Arthrography Arthroplasty Arthroscopy Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Arthritis Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Teenagers Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Children National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Treatments and Therapies American College of Rheumatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Johns Hopkins Medicine Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Childhood arthritis JRA Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Still's disease <p>Juvenile arthritis (JA) is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">arthritis</a> that happens in children. It causes joint swelling, pain, stiffness, and loss of motion. It can affect any joint, but is more common in the knees, hands, and feet. In some cases it can affect internal organs as well.</p> <p>The most common type of JA that children get is juvenile idiopathic arthritis. There are several other forms of arthritis affecting children.</p> <p>One early sign of JA may be limping in the morning. Symptoms can come and go. Some children have just one or two flare-ups. Others have symptoms that never go away. JA can cause growth problems and eye inflammation in some children.</p> <p>No one knows exactly what causes JA. Most types are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune disorders</a>. This means that your immune system, which normally helps your body fight infection, attacks your body's own tissues.</p> <p>JA can be hard to diagnose. Your health care provider may do a physical exam, lab tests, and x-rays. A team of providers usually treats JA. Medicines and physical therapy can help maintain movement and reduce swelling and pain. They may also help prevent and treat complications.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Children and Teenagers Bones, Joints and Muscles Immune System Artritis juvenil Arthritis, Juvenile Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Still's Disease Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research Arthritis Foundation PDF Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Treatments and Therapies Arthritis Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Start Here American College of Rheumatology Start Here Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics KS <h3>What is Kaposi sarcoma?</h3> <p>Kaposi sarcoma, sometimes called KS, is a type of cancer. It causes lesions (abnormal tissue) to grow in different parts of the body, including:</p> <ul> <li>The skin</li> <li>Lymph nodes</li> <li>Mucous membranes (the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat)</li> <li>Other organs</li> </ul> <p>These lesions are usually red or purple. They are made of cancer cells, new blood vessels, and blood cells. The lesions may begin in more than one place in the body at the same time. This makes Kaposi sarcoma different from other cancers.</p> <h3>What causes Kaposi sarcoma and who is more likely to develop it?</h3> <p>Kaposi sarcoma is caused by infection with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). This virus is also called Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Most people infected with this virus don't get Kaposi sarcoma. But certain people who get this virus are more likely to develop one of the types of Kaposi sarcoma:</p> <ul> <li>People with weakened immune systems due to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> can develop <strong>epidemic (HIV-associated) Kaposi sarcoma.</strong></li> <li>People with weakened immune systems due to medicines they need to take after an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">organ transplant</a> can develop <strong>iatrogenic (transplant-related) Kaposi sarcoma.</strong></li> <li>Older men of Mediterranean or Eastern European Jewish heritage can develop <strong>classic Kaposi sarcoma.</strong></li> <li>Young men in Africa can develop <strong>endemic (African) Kaposi sarcoma.</strong></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of Kaposi sarcoma?</h3> <p>Kaposi sarcoma usually starts out as one or more red, purple, or brown skin lesions on the legs and feet. They are most often on the ankles or soles of the feet. Over time, lesions may form in other parts of the body. The lesions may not cause symptoms. But sometimes the lesions can cause problems, especially as you get more of them and they grow bigger. For example:</p> <ul> <li>Pressure from the lesions may block the flow of lymph and blood in the legs and cause painful swelling</li> <li>If lesions grow in your stomach or intestines, they can <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">bleed</a> and may cause <a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061">abdominal (belly) pain</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a></li> <li>Lesions in the lungs can also bleed and may cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">shortness of breath</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is Kaposi sarcoma diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out whether you have Kaposi sarcoma, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your medical and family history</li> <li>Will do a physical exam</li> <li>May order a chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a> to look for Kaposi sarcoma in the lungs</li> <li>May do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a> to check for Kaposi sarcoma lesions in the skin</li> <li>May do an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html">endoscopy</a> to check for Kaposi sarcoma in the stomach and intestines</li> <li>May do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/">bronchoscopy</a> to check for Kaposi sarcoma in the lungs</li> </ul> <p>If you do have Kaposi sarcoma, you will likely need blood and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging</a> tests to find out if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for Kaposi sarcoma?</h3> <p>Which treatment(s) you get will depend on</p> <ul> <li>The type of Kaposi sarcoma you have</li> <li>How many lesions you have and where in the body they are</li> <li>What kinds of problems the lesions are causing</li> <li>Your overall health</li> </ul> <p>For people who have epidemic (HIV-associated) Kaposi sarcoma, taking <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html">HIV medicines</a> may be enough to treat the Kaposi sarcoma. For people who have iatrogenic (transplant-related) Kaposi sarcoma, changing the dose of the medicines or switching medicines may be helpful. But some people with these types of Kaposi sarcoma will need additional treatment.</p> <p>The treatment options for Kaposi sarcoma may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a></li> <li>Surgery</li> <li>Cryosurgery, a treatment that uses an instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Immunotherapy</a></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Skin, Hair and Nails Sarcoma de Kaposi Sarcoma, Kaposi Spanish National Cancer Institute HIV Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Cancer Society Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome <h3>What is Kawasaki disease?</h3> <p>Kawasaki disease is a rare illness that usually affects small children. Other names for the disease are Kawasaki syndrome and mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. It is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html">vasculitis</a>, which is inflammation of the blood vessels. Kawasaki disease is serious, but most children can fully recover if they are treated right away.</p> <h3>What causes Kawasaki disease?</h3> <p>Kawasaki disease happens when the immune system injures the blood vessels by mistake. Researchers do not fully know why this happens. But when it does, the blood vessels become inflamed and can narrow or close off.</p> <p>Genetics may play a role in Kawasaki disease. There may also be environmental factors, such as infections. It does not seem to be contagious. This means that it cannot be passed from one child to another.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop Kawasaki disease?</h3> <p>Kawasaki disease usually affects children under the age of 5. But older children and adults can sometimes get it. It is more common in boys than girls. It can affect children of any race, but those with Asian or Pacific Islander descent are more likely to get it.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of Kawasaki disease?</h3> <p>The symptoms of Kawasaki disease may include:</p><ul> <li>High <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a> lasting at least five days</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rash</a>, often on the back, chest, and groin</li> <li>Swollen hands and feet</li> <li>Redness of the lips, lining of the mouth, tongue, palms of the hand, and soles of the feet</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html">Pink eye</a> (conjunctivitis)</li> <li>Swollen lymph nodes in the neck</li> </ul> <p>Contact your child's health care provider if your child has a fever for 4 days, especially if they have any other symptoms of Kawasaki disease.</p> <h3>What other problems can Kawasaki disease cause?</h3> <p>Sometimes Kawasaki disease can affect the walls of the coronary arteries. These arteries bring blood and oxygen to your heart. This can lead to:</p><ul> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html">aneurysm</a> (bulging and thinning of the walls of the arteries). This can raise the risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clots</a> in the arteries. If the blood clots are not treated, they could lead to a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a> or internal bleeding.</li> <li>Inflammation in the heart.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html">Heart valve problems</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Kawasaki disease can also affect other parts of the body, including the brain and nervous system, the immune system, and the digestive system.</p> <h3>How is Kawasaki disease diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no specific test for Kawasaki disease. To find out if your child has Kawasaki disease, your child's provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will do a physical exam, which includes looking at the signs and symptoms</li> <li>Will likely order blood and urine tests to rule out other diseases and check for signs of inflammation</li> <li>May order <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">tests</a> to check for damage to the heart, such as an echocardiogram and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/">electrocardiogram</a> (EKG)</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for Kawasaki disease?</h3> <p>Kawasaki disease is usually treated in the hospital with an intravenous (IV) dose of immunoglobulin (IVIG) antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight infections.</p> <p>Aspirin may also be part of the treatment. But do not give your child aspirin unless the health care provider tells you to. Aspirin can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reyesyndrome.html">Reye syndrome</a> in children. This is a rare, serious illness that can affect the brain and liver.</p> <p>Treatment usually works. But if it is not working well enough, the provider may also give your child other medicines to fight the inflammation. If the disease affects your child's heart, they might need additional medicines, surgery, or other medical procedures.</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Skin, Hair and Nails Immune System Enfermedad de Kawasaki Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Vasculitis Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome Find an Expert American Heart Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Treatments and Therapies American Heart Association Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Symptoms American Heart Association Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Start Here American Heart Association PDF Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Hypernephroma Renal cancer <p>You have two kidneys. They are fist-sized organs on either side of your backbone above your waist. The tubes inside filter and clean your blood, taking out waste products and making urine. Kidney cancer forms in the lining of tiny tubes inside your kidneys. </p> <p>Kidney cancer becomes more likely as you age. Risk factors include smoking, having certain genetic conditions, and misusing pain medicines for a long time.</p> <p>You may have no symptoms at first. They may appear as the cancer grows. See your health care provider if you notice:</p><ul> <li>Blood in your urine</li> <li>A lump in your abdomen</li> <li>Weight loss for no reason</li> <li>Pain in your side that does not go away</li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">Tests</a> to diagnose kidney cancer include blood, urine, and imaging tests. You may also have a biopsy.</p> <p>Treatment depends on your age, your overall health and how advanced the cancer is. It might include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation, biologic, or targeted therapies. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Kidneys and Urinary System Cáncer de riñón Kidney Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Kidney Diseases Kidney Tests Wilms Tumor Hypernephroma Renal Cancer Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Children National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH <p> A cyst is a fluid-filled sac. You may get simple kidney cysts as you age; they are usually harmless. There are also some diseases which cause kidney cysts. One type is polycystic kidney disease (PKD). It runs in families. In PKD, many cysts grow in the kidneys. This can enlarge the kidneys and make them work poorly. About half of people with the most common type of PKD end up with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html">kidney failure</a>. PKD also causes cysts in other parts of the body, such as the liver. </p> <p>Often, there are no symptoms at first. Later, symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Pain in the back and lower sides</li> <li>Headaches</li> <li>Blood in the urine</li> </ul> <p>Doctors diagnose PKD with imaging <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">tests</a> and family history. There is no cure. Treatments can help with symptoms and complications. They include medicines and lifestyle changes, and if there is kidney failure, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">dialysis</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html">kidney transplants</a>.</p> <p>Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) happens in people who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">chronic kidney disease</a>, especially if they are on dialysis. Unlike PKD, the kidneys are normal sized, and cysts do not form in other parts of the body. ACKD often has no symptoms. Usually, the cysts are harmless and do not need treatment. If they do cause complications, treatments include medicines, draining the cysts, or surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Quistes renales Kidney Diseases, Cystic Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Kidney Diseases Kidney Failure Kidney Tests Kidney Transplantation Cystic Kidney Diseases Polycystic Kidney Disease Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Statistics and Research National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse NIH Children National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Renal disease <p>You have two kidneys, each about the size of your fist. They are near the middle of your back, just below the rib cage. Inside each kidney there are about a million tiny structures called nephrons. They filter your blood. They remove wastes and extra water, which become urine. The urine flows through tubes called ureters. It goes to your bladder, which stores the urine until you go to the bathroom.</p> <p>Most kidney diseases attack the nephrons. This damage may leave kidneys unable to remove wastes. Causes can include genetic problems, injuries, or medicines. You have a higher risk of kidney disease if you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>, or a close family member with kidney disease. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">Chronic kidney disease</a> damages the nephrons slowly over several years. Other kidney problems include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycancer.html">Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycysts.html">Cysts</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneystones.html">Stones</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html">Infections</a></li> </ul> <p>Your doctor can do <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">blood and urine tests</a> to check if you have kidney disease. If your kidneys <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html">fail</a>, you will need <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">dialysis</a> or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html">kidney transplant</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Enfermedades de los riñones Kidney Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Chronic Kidney Disease Diabetic Kidney Problems Kidney Cancer Kidney Cysts Kidney Failure Kidney Stones Kidney Tests Kidney Transplantation Urine and Urination Nephritis Polycystic Kidney Disease Renal Disease Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Kidney Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Alport Syndrome Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Children National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Kidney Disease Education Program NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Life Options Rehabilitation Program Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Kidney Disease Education Program NIH Find an Expert National Kidney Foundation Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Kidney Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH ESRD End-stage renal disease Renal failure <p>Healthy kidneys clean your blood by removing excess fluid, minerals, and wastes. They also make hormones that keep your bones strong and your blood healthy. But if the kidneys are damaged, they don't work properly. Harmful wastes can build up in your body. Your blood pressure may rise. Your body may retain excess fluid and not make enough red blood cells. This is called kidney failure.</p> <p>If your kidneys fail, you need treatment to replace the work they normally do. The treatment options are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">dialysis</a> or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html">kidney transplant</a>. Each treatment has benefits and drawbacks. No matter which treatment you choose, you'll need to make some changes in your life, including how you eat and plan your activities. But with the help of health care providers, family, and friends, most people with kidney failure can lead full and active lives.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Insuficiencia renal Kidney Failure, Chronic Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Chronic Kidney Disease Diabetic Kidney Problems Dialysis Kidney Cancer Kidney Cysts Kidney Diseases Kidney Tests Kidney Transplantation ESRD End-Stage Renal Disease Renal Failure Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Kidney Foundation PDF Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With National Kidney Foundation PDF Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Start Here American Kidney Fund Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Kidney Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Living With National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Nephrolithiasis <p>A kidney stone is a solid piece of material that forms in the kidney from substances in the urine. It may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without help from a doctor. But sometimes a stone will not go away. It may get stuck in the urinary tract, block the flow of urine and cause great pain. </p> <p>The following may be signs of kidney stones that need a doctor's help:</p> <ul> <li> Extreme pain in your back or side that will not go away</li> <li> Blood in your urine</li> <li> Fever and chills</li> <li> Vomiting</li> <li> Urine that smells bad or looks cloudy</li> <li> A burning feeling when you urinate</li> </ul> <p>Your doctor will diagnose a kidney stone with urine, blood, and imaging <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">tests</a>.</p> <p>If you have a stone that won't pass on its own, you may need treatment. It can be done with shock waves; with a scope inserted through the tube that carries urine out of the body, called the urethra; or with surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Piedras en los riñones Nephrolithiasis Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Kidney Diseases Kidney Tests Nephrolithiasis Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Kidney Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With National Kidney Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Start Here National Kidney Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Kidney Foundation Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Kidney Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Kidney Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Kidney Function Panel Kidney Function Tests Kidney Panel Renal Function Panel <p>You have two kidneys. They are fist-sized organs on either side of your backbone above your waist. Your kidneys filter and clean your blood, taking out waste products and making urine. Kidney tests check to see how well your kidneys are working. They include blood, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html">urine</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging</a> tests.</p> <p>Early <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney disease</a> usually does not have signs or symptoms. Testing is the only way to know how your kidneys are doing. It is important for you to get checked for kidney disease if you have the key risk factors - diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, or a family history of kidney failure.</p> <p>Specific kidney tests include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/glomerular-filtration-rate-gfr-test/">Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)</a> - one of the most common blood tests to check for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">chronic kidney disease</a>. It tells how well your kidneys are filtering.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatinine-test/">Creatinine blood and urine tests</a> - check the levels of creatinine, a waste product that your kidneys remove from your blood</li> <li>Albumin urine test - checks for albumin, a protein that can pass into the urine if the kidneys are damaged</li> <li>Imaging tests, such as an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a> - provide pictures of the kidneys. The pictures help the health care provider see the size and shape of the kidneys, and check for anything unusual.</li> <li>Kidney <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a> - a procedure that involves taking a small piece of kidney tissue for examination with a microscope. It checks for the cause of kidney disease and how damaged your kidneys are.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Diagnostic Tests Pruebas y exámenes para los riñones Kidney Function Tests Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Kidney Cancer Kidney Diseases Kidney Biopsy Kidney Function Tests Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Kidney Disease Education Program NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Kidney Fund Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Renal transplantation <p>A kidney transplant is an operation that places a healthy kidney in your body. The transplanted kidney takes over the work of the two kidneys that <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html">failed</a>, so you no longer need <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">dialysis</a>. </p> <p>During a transplant, the surgeon places the new kidney in your lower abdomen and connects the artery and vein of the new kidney to your artery and vein. Often, the new kidney will start making urine as soon as your blood starts flowing through it. But sometimes it takes a few weeks to start working. </p> <p>Many transplanted kidneys come from donors who have died. Some come from a living family member. The wait for a new kidney can be long.</p> <p>If you have a transplant, you must take drugs for the rest of your life, to keep your body from rejecting the new kidney.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Transplantation and Donation Trasplante de riñón Kidney Transplantation Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Kidney Cysts Kidney Diseases Kidney Failure Organ Transplantation Renal Transplantation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With National Kidney Foundation Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Kidney Foundation Statistics and Research United Network for Organ Sharing Start Here National Kidney Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Kidney Foundation Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Kidney Foundation Find an Expert Health Resources and Services Administration Women National Kidney Foundation Journal Articles Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Statistics and Research Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients Living With National Kidney Foundation Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH XXY male <h3>What is Klinefelter syndrome (KS)?</h3> <p>Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic condition</a> that happens when a male is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome. KS can affect different stages of physical, language, and social development. It also usually causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html">infertility</a>.</p> <h3>What causes Klinefelter syndrome (KS)?</h3> <p>KS is not inherited. It's caused by a random error that happens when a sperm or egg is formed. This error causes a male to be born with an extra X chromosome.</p> <p>Chromosomes are tiny "packages" in your cells that contain your genes. Genes carry information, called DNA, that controls what you look like and how your body works. Normally, you're born with a set of 46 chromosomes in each cell, two of which are the sex chromosomes. Females usually have two X chromosomes (XX), and males usually have one X and one Y (XY). In KS, the male usually has two X chromosomes and one Y (XXY).</p> <p>In rare cases, a male could have XY in some cells and XXY in other cells. This is called mosaic Klinefelter syndrome. Males with mosaic Klinefelter syndrome may have fewer symptoms, depending on the number of XY cells they have in their bodies and where those cells are located.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome (KS)?</h3> <p>Some males with KS may have no symptoms or very mild symptoms. So they might not know that they have KS, or they might not get diagnosed with it right away. In other cases, the symptoms can be more severe.</p> <p>Boys with KS may be taller than other boys their age, with more fat around the belly. After puberty, they may have:</p> <ul> <li>Smaller testes and penis</li> <li>Breast growth (called gynecomastia)</li> <li>Less facial and body hair</li> <li>Reduced muscle tone</li> <li>Narrower shoulders and wider hips</li> <li>Weaker bones</li> <li>Decreased sexual interest</li> <li>Lower energy</li> </ul> <p>Many of these symptoms happen because of low testosterone in the body. Testosterone is the main male sex <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormone</a>.</p> <p>Boys with KS may also have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html">learning</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html">language</a> problems. These problems may affect them socially, so they may be shy and quiet and can have trouble fitting in.</p> <p>Most males with KS are infertile because they make little or no sperm.</p> <h3>How is Klinefelter syndrome (KS) diagnosed?</h3> A genetic test called a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/">karyotype test</a> can diagnose KS. This test can show if there are abnormal chromosomes, including if there is an extra X chromosome.<p></p> <h3>What are the treatments for Klinefelter syndrome (KS)?</h3> <p>There is no cure for KS, but treatments are available. The sooner the treatment is started, the better. If treatment is started by early puberty, it will likely help in reducing the symptoms.</p> <p>Treatments for KS may include:</p> <ul> <li>Testosterone replacement therapy</li> <li>Surgery to remove or reduce breasts</li> <li>Physical, speech, behavioral, and occupational therapy</li> </ul> <p>In some cases, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">fertility treatments</a> may help men with KS father children.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Genetics/Birth Defects Men Síndrome de Klinefelter Klinefelter Syndrome Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Journal Articles Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>Your knee joint is made up of bone, cartilage, ligaments and fluid. Muscles and tendons help the knee joint move. When any of these structures is hurt or diseased, you have knee problems. Knee problems can cause pain and difficulty walking.</p> <p>Knee problems are very common, and they occur in people of all ages. Knee problems can interfere with many things, from participation in sports to simply getting up from a chair and walking. This can have a big impact on your life.</p> <p>The most common disease affecting the knee is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html">osteoarthritis</a>. The cartilage in the knee gradually wears away, causing pain and swelling.</p> <p>Injuries to ligaments and tendons also cause knee problems. A common injury is to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). You usually injure your ACL by a sudden twisting motion. ACL and other knee injuries are common <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">sports injuries</a>.</p> <p>Treatment of knee problems depends on the cause. In some cases your doctor may recommend <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kneereplacement.html">knee replacement</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Knee Injuries Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Knee Replacement Leg Injuries and Disorders ACL Injuries Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Baker's Cyst Chondromalacia Patellae Meniscus Patella Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Find an Expert American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Living With American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Knee arthroplasty <h3>What is knee replacement surgery?</h3> <p>Knee replacement surgery is a surgery to replace parts of your knee joint with new, artificial parts. You may need a knee replacement if you have knee damage that causes severe pain and difficulty doing daily activities, such as walking and climbing stairs. It is usually done when other treatments for knee pain haven't helped enough. The goal of a knee replacement is to relieve pain and help you move better.</p> <p>People of all ages may have knee replacement surgery. But it is more common in older people. The decision whether to have surgery is based on your overall health and how much your knee bothers you.</p> <h3>What conditions does knee replacement surgery treat?</h3> <p>Knee replacement surgery treats conditions that cause the cartilage of the knee joint to wear away. These include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Knee <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html">osteoarthritis</a>.</strong> This is the most common reason for knee replacement surgery. It usually develops over time after an injury or with aging.</li> <li><strong>Knee damage from other types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">arthritis</a>.</strong></li> <li>Problems from <strong>knee joints that aren't formed correctly</strong>.</li> </ul> <h3>What happens during knee replacement surgery?</h3> <p>During the surgery, a surgeon removes damaged cartilage and some bone from the surfaces of your knee joint. Cartilage is tissue that covers your bones where they meet. Healthy cartilage is smooth and helps the bones glide over each other when you move. When cartilage becomes rough and wears away, the bones rub against each other, causing pain.</p> <p>After removing the damaged knee cartilage and bone, the surgeon attaches the artificial parts to your bones. The artificial parts are made of metal and plastic. They will give your knee new, smooth surfaces.</p> <p>Knee replacement surgery may replace all the damaged parts of your knee (total knee replacement) or just part of your knee (partial knee replacement). In a total knee replacement, the surgeon replaces 3 surfaces:</p> <ul> <li>The end of the shinbone</li> <li>The end of the thighbone</li> <li>The back of the kneecap</li> </ul> <h3>What happens after knee replacement surgery?</h3> <p>Some people go home the same day they have surgery. Other people will stay in the hospital a few days. To help prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clots</a>, you'll most likely take <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">blood thinners</a> and wear special socks or coverings on your legs for a short time after surgery.</p> <p>The success of your surgery depends a lot on what you do at home to help yourself recover. A physical therapist will teach you exercises to make your knee stronger and help it bend. It is important to do these exercises regularly. You may need to use a cane or walker for several weeks after the surgery. It will probably also be several weeks before you can drive. Your doctor will tell you when you can start driving again.</p> <p>Most people who follow their recovery instructions can get back to nearly all of their normal daily activities within 3 to 6 weeks after surgery.</p> <h3>What is life like after a knee replacement?</h3> <p>After recovering from surgery, most people can move better with less pain than before surgery. But having an artificial knee is not the same as having a normal, healthy knee.</p> <p>You need to protect your new knee by:</p> <ul> <li>Staying at a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">healthy weight</a>.</li> <li>Getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular physical activity</a>.</li> <li>Not doing any high-impact activities, such as jogging, running, and jumping. Instead, you can try low-impact activities that are good for your knee, such as walking, biking, and swimming</li> </ul> <h3>What are the risks of knee replacement surgery?</h3> <p>The chance of having problems after knee replacement surgery is low. But there are risks after any surgery. Possible problems after knee replacement surgery include:</p> <ul> <li>Infection</li> <li>Blood clots</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">Heart attack</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Stroke</a></li> <li>Nerve damage</li> <li>Scarring that limits how far you can bend your knee</li> </ul> <p>Your age, general health, and how active you are can all affect your risk of having a problem after knee replacement surgery.</p> <h3>How long does a knee replacement last?</h3> <p>A knee replacement doesn't last forever. After 15 to 20 years, the artificial knee parts may become loose or worn. If that happens, you may need another surgery on the same knee.</p> <p>If you're thinking about having knee replacement surgery, talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits. Together you can decide if a knee replacement is right for you.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Surgery and Rehabilitation Reemplazo de rodilla Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Knee Injuries and Disorders Arthroplasty Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Find an Expert American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Video Journal Articles Start Here American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons <p>El paladar hendido y el labio leporino son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">defectos congénitos</a>. Ocurre cuando el labio superior y el paladar no se desarrollan correctamente. Esto sucede en los primeros meses de embarazo. Un bebé puede tener paladar hendido o labio leporino o ambos. </p> <p>El labio leporino ocurre cuando el tejido que forma el paladar y el labio superior no se unen antes del nacimiento. Esto causa una abertura en el labio superior. Esta abertura puede ser pequeña o puede ser una grande que va desde el labio hasta la nariz. Puede ser en un lado u otro del labio, o con menor frecuencia, en el medio del labio. </p> <p> Algunos niños con labio leporino pueden tener el paladar hendido. Esto sucede cuando el tejido que forma el paladar no se une correctamente. Algunos bebés pueden tener estas hendiduras en la parte de adelante o atrás del paladar. Otros solo tienen una parte del paladar hendida. </p> <p>Los niños con esta afección pueden tener problemas para comer o hablar. También pueden tener infecciones de oídos, pérdida de audición y problemas con sus dientes. </p> <p>A menudo, una cirugía puede cerrar el labio y el paladar. La cirugía para el labio leporino se hace, generalmente, antes de los 12 meses de edad. La cirugía para el paladar hendido se realiza antes de los 18 meses. Muchos niños pueden tener otras complicaciones. Pueden necesitar otras cirugías, cuidado dental y ortodoncia y terapia del habla cuando crezcan. </p> <p>Con tratamiento, la mayoría de los niños con hendiduras orofaciales tienen buenos resultados y una vida saludable. </p> <p class=""> Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Salud oral y dental Genética y defectos congénitos Cleft Lip and Palate Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Laboratory tests check a sample of your blood, urine, or body tissues. A technician or your doctor analyzes the test samples to see if your results fall within the normal range. The tests use a range because what is normal differs from person to person. Many factors affect test results. These include:</p><ul> <li> Your sex, age and race</li> <li> What you eat and drink</li> <li> Medicines you take</li> <li> How well you followed pre-test instructions</li> </ul> <p>Your doctor may also compare your results to results from previous tests. Laboratory tests are often part of a routine checkup to look for changes in your health. They also help doctors diagnose medical conditions, plan or evaluate treatments, and monitor diseases. </p> Diagnostic Tests Pruebas de laboratorio Clinical Laboratory Techniques Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese A1C Blood Count Tests Diagnostic Imaging Kidney Tests Thyroid Tests Urinalysis Blood Tests Find an Expert College of American Pathologists Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Videos and Tutorials Nemours Foundation Video Reference Desk Food and Drug Administration Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics College of American Pathologists Start Here National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Food and Drug Administration Start Here National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Videos and Tutorials College of American Pathologists Video Specifics Nemours Foundation Start Here Food and Drug Administration Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Amamantamiento Amamantar Darle el pecho al bebé <p> La lactancia materna ofrece muchos beneficios para su bebé. La leche materna contiene el equilibrio adecuado de nutrientes para ayudar a que el bebé crezca y se convierta en un niño fuerte y sano. Algunos de los nutrientes de la leche materna también ayudan a proteger al niño de algunas enfermedades e infecciones comunes. También puede beneficiar a la salud de la madre. Algunos tipos de cáncer pueden ocurrir con menos frecuencia en las madres que amamantaron a sus bebés.</p> <p>Las mujeres que no tienen problemas de salud deben intentar amamantar a sus bebés por al menos los primeros seis meses de vida. La mayoría de las mujeres con problemas de salud pueden amamantar. Hay raras excepciones cuando se aconseja a las mujeres no amamantar porque tienen ciertas enfermedades. Algunos medicamentos, las drogas ilegales y el alcohol también pasan a través de la leche materna y pueden dañar al niño. Consulte con su médico si tiene preocupaciones sobre si debe amamantar.</p> <p>Si usted está teniendo problemas con la lactancia, contacte a un especialista en lactancia.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Mujeres Alimentos y nutrición Sistema reproductor femenino Breastfeeding Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Amamantar Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Imágenes Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Dairy product intolerance Lactase deficiency Milk intolerance <p>Lactose intolerance means that you cannot digest foods with lactose in them. Lactose is the sugar found in milk and foods made with milk. After eating foods with lactose in them, you may feel sick to your stomach. You may also have:</p><ul> <li> Gas </li> <li> Diarrhea </li> <li> Swelling in your stomach </li> </ul> <p>Your doctor may do a blood, breath or stool test to find out if your problems are due to lactose intolerance.</p> <p>Lactose intolerance is not serious. Eating less food with lactose, or using pills or drops to help you digest lactose usually helps. You may need to take a calcium supplement if you don't get enough of it from your diet, since milk and foods made with milk are the most common source of calcium for most people.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Metabolic Problems Intolerancia a la lactosa Lactose Intolerance Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Food Allergy Milk Intolerance Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Piojos del pubis Piojos púbicos <h3>¿Qué es la ladilla?</h3> <p>Las ladillas o piojos del pubis son insectos muy pequeños que en general viven en el área púbica o genital de los humanos. También se encuentran en ocasiones en otros tipos de vello corporal, como en las piernas, axilas, bigote, barba, cejas o pestañas. Los piojos del pubis en las cejas o pestañas de niños o adolescentes pueden ser un signo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html">abuso sexual</a>.</p> <p>Los piojos del pubis son parásitos y necesitan alimentarse de sangre humana para sobrevivir. Son uno de los tres tipos de piojos que viven en humanos. Los otros dos tipos son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html">piojos de la cabeza</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodylice.html">piojos del cuerpo</a>. Cada tipo de piojo es diferente, e infectarse de un tipo no significa que se contagiará con otro.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se contagia la ladilla?</h3> <p>Los piojos del pubis se mueven arrastrándose, porque no pueden saltar ni volar. Por lo general, se contagian a través del contacto sexual. En ocasiones, también pueden contagiarse a través del contacto físico con una persona que tiene piojos púbicos, o al estar en contacto con ropa, camas, ropa de cama o toallas de una persona con piojos púbicos. Los animales no contagian estos piojos a los humanos.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener ladilla?</h3> <p>Dado que se diseminan principalmente a través del contacto sexual, las ladillas son más comunes en adultos.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la ladilla?</h3> <p>El síntoma más común de los piojos púbicos es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html">picazón</a> intensa en el área genital. También puede ver liendres (huevos de piojos) o piojos arrastrándose sobre la piel.</p> <h3>¿Cómo saber si tiene ladilla?</h3> <p>El diagnóstico de ladilla generalmente se obtiene al ver un piojo o liendre. Ya que, en general, no hay muchas en el área genital, puede ser difícil encontrarlas. A menudo se pegan a más de un vello y no se arrastran tan rápido como los piojos de la cabeza y del cuerpo. A veces, se necesita una lupa para ver las ladillas y liendres.</p> <p>Las personas que tienen ladillas también deben ser examinadas para detectar otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">enfermedades de transmisión sexual</a>, y sus parejas sexuales también deben examinarse para ver si tienen ladillas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la ladilla?</h3> <p>El tratamiento principal para las ladillas es una loción que las mata. Las opciones incluyen una loción que contiene permetrina o una crema que contiene piretrina y butóxido de piperonilo. Estos productos están disponibles sin receta médica en EE. UU. Son seguros y efectivos cuando se usan siguiendo las instrucciones correctamente. Por lo general, la primera aplicación eliminará los piojos. Si no sucede, es posible que necesite una segunda aplicación después de nueve a 10 días.</p> <p>Existen otros medicamentos que matan ladillas disponibles con receta médica.</p> <p>También debe lavar su ropa, ropa de cama y toallas con agua caliente, y secarlas usando el ciclo más caliente de la secadora.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Asuntos de salud sexual Pubic Lice Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Keratectomy LASIK LTK PRK <p>For many people, laser eye surgery can correct their vision so they no longer need glasses or contact lenses. Laser eye surgery reshapes the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. This changes its focusing power.</p> <p>There are different types of laser eye surgery. LASIK - laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis - is one of the most common. Many patients who have LASIK end up with 20/20 vision. But, like all medical procedures, it has both risks and benefits. Only your eye doctor can tell if you are a good candidate for laser eye surgery.</p> Eyes and Vision Surgery and Rehabilitation Cirugía del ojo con rayos láser Corneal Surgery, Laser Spanish National Eye Institute Refractive Errors LASIK LTK PRK Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Find an Expert American Optometric Association Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Start Here Food and Drug Administration Video Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration <p>Latex is a milky fluid that comes from the tropical rubber tree. Hundreds of everyday products contain latex. Repeated exposure to a protein in natural latex can make you more likely to develop a latex allergy. If your immune system detects the protein, a reaction can start in minutes. You could get a rash or asthma. In rare cases you could have a severe reaction called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html">anaphylaxis</a>.</p> <p>Your doctor may use a physical exam and skin and blood tests to diagnose it. There are medicines to treat a reaction, but it is best to try to avoid latex. Common latex products include:</p><ul> <li>Gloves</li> <li>Condoms</li> <li>Balloons</li> <li>Rubber bands</li> <li>Shoe soles</li> <li>Pacifiers</li> </ul> <p>You can find latex-free versions of these products.</p> Immune System Alergia al látex Latex Hypersensitivity Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Allergy, Latex Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PDF Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles <p>Every racial or ethnic group has specific health concerns. Differences in the health of groups can result from:</p><ul> <li>Genetics</li> <li>Environmental factors</li> <li>Access to care</li> <li>Cultural factors</li> </ul> <p>On this page, you'll find links to health issues that affect Latino and Hispanic Americans.</p> Population Groups Salud de los hispanos y latinos Hispanic or Latino Spanish National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH In English and Spanish Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Women American Heart Association Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research American Heart Association PDF Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Find an Expert National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities NIH Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Related Issues National Cancer Institute PDF NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Low-density lipoprotein <h3>What is cholesterol?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">Cholesterol</a> is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all the cells in your body. Your liver makes cholesterol, and it is also in some foods, such as meat and dairy products. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But having too much cholesterol in your blood raises your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a>.</p> <h3>What are LDL and HDL?</h3> <p>LDL and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL</a> are two types of lipoproteins. They are a combination of fat (lipid) and protein. The lipids need to be attached to the proteins so they can move through the blood. LDL and HDL have different purposes:</p><ul> <li>LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins. It is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol because a high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries.</li> <li>HDL stands for high-density lipoproteins. It is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol because it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Your liver then removes the cholesterol from your body.</li> </ul> <h3>How can a high LDL level raise my risk of coronary artery disease and other diseases?</h3> <p>If you have a high LDL level, this means that you have too much LDL cholesterol in your blood. This extra LDL, along with other substances, forms plaque. The plaque builds up in your arteries; this is a condition called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">atherosclerosis</a>.</p> <p>Coronary artery disease happens when the plaque buildup is in the arteries of your heart. It causes the arteries to become hardened and narrowed, which slows down or blocks the blood flow to your heart. Because your blood carries oxygen to your heart, this means that your heart may not be able to get enough oxygen. This can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html">angina</a> (chest pain), or if the blood flow is completely blocked, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>.</p> <h3>How do I know what my LDL level is?</h3> <p>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">blood test</a> can measure your cholesterol levels, including LDL. When and how often you should get this test depends on your age, risk factors, and family history. The general recommendations are:</p> <p><strong>For people who are age 19 or younger:</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>The first test should be between ages 9 to 11</li> <li>Children should have the test again every 5 years</li> <li>Some children may have this test starting at age 2 if there is a family history of high blood cholesterol, heart attack, or stroke</li> </ul> <p><strong>For people who are age 20 or older:</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>Younger adults should have the test every 5 years</li> <li>Men ages 45 to 65 and women ages 55 to 65 should have it every 1 to 2 years</li> </ul> <p><strong>For people who are older than 65:</strong></p> <ul> <li>They should have the test every year.</li> </ul> <p>You may need to get your cholesterol checked more often if you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, or a family history of high cholesterol.</p> <h3>What can affect my LDL level?</h3> <p>Things that can affect your LDL level include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Diet.</strong> Saturated fat and cholesterol in the food you eat make your LDL level rise</li> <li><strong>Weight.</strong> Being overweight tends to raise your LDL level, lower your HDL level, and increase your total cholesterol level</li> <li><strong>Physical Activity.</strong> A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">lack of physical activity</a> can lead to weight gain, which can raise your LDL level</li> <li><strong>Smoking.</strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Cigarette smoking</a> lowers your HDL cholesterol. Since HDL helps to remove LDL from your arteries, if you have less HDL, that can contribute to you having a higher LDL level.</li> <li><strong>Age and Sex.</strong> As women and men get older, their cholesterol levels rise. Before the age of menopause, women have lower total cholesterol levels than men of the same age. After the age of menopause, women's LDL levels tend to rise.</li> <li><strong>Genetics.</strong> Your genes partly determine how much cholesterol your body makes. High cholesterol can run in families. For example, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited form of high blood cholesterol.</li> <li><strong>Medicines.</strong> Certain medicines, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">steroids</a>, some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html">blood pressure medicines</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html">HIV medicines</a>, can raise your LDL level.</li> <li><strong>Other medical conditions.</strong> Diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">chronic kidney disease</a>, diabetes, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> can cause a higher LDL level.</li> <li><strong>Race or ethnicity.</strong> People from certain racial or ethnic groups may have an increased risk of high blood cholesterol. For example, African Americans typically have higher HDL and LDL cholesterol levels than White Americans. Asian Americans are more likely to have higher LDL levels than other groups.</li> </ul> <h3>What should my LDL level be?</h3> <p>With LDL cholesterol, lower numbers are better, because a high LDL level can raise your risk for coronary artery disease and related problems. The general ranges for healthy adults are:</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Categories of cholesterol" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">LDL (Bad) Cholesterol Level</th> <th scope="col">LDL Cholesterol Category</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Less than 100 mg/dL</td> <td>Optimal</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>100-129 mg/dL</td> <td>Near optimal/above optimal</td> </tr> <tr class="r3"> <td>130-159 mg/dL</td> <td>Borderline high</td> </tr> <tr class="r4"> <td>160-189 mg/dL</td> <td>High</td> </tr> <tr class="r5"> <td>190 mg/dL and above</td> <td>Very High</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p>If you have coronary artery disease or are at high risk for it, your health care provider may have different goals for your LDL level.</p> <h3>How can I lower my LDL level?</h3> <p>There are two main ways to lower your LDL cholesterol level:</p><ul> <li><strong>Heart-healthy lifestyle changes,</strong> which include:</li> <ul> <li><strong>Heart-healthy eating.</strong> A heart-healthy eating plan limits the amount of saturated and trans fats that you eat. Examples of eating plans that can lower your LDL level include the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html">Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet</a> and the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dasheatingplan.html">DASH eating plan</a>.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Weight management</a>.</strong> If you are overweight, losing weight can help lower your LDL level.</li> <li><strong>Physical Activity.</strong> Everyone should get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular physical activity</a>.</li> </ul> <li><strong>Drug Treatment.</strong> If lifestyle changes alone do not lower your LDL level enough, you may also need to take medicines. There are several types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">cholesterol-lowering drugs</a> available, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/statins.html">statins</a>. The medicines work in different ways and can have different side effects. Talk to your provider about which one is right for you. While you are taking medicines to lower your LDL level, you still should continue with the lifestyle changes.</li> </ul> <p>Some people with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) may receive a treatment called lipoprotein apheresis. This treatment uses a filtering machine to remove LDL cholesterol from the blood. Then the machine returns the rest of the blood back to the person.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Food and Nutrition Colesterol malo (LDL) Cholesterol, LDL Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cholesterol Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know Cholesterol Medicines Dietary Fats HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol Heart Diseases High Cholesterol in Children and Teens How to Lower Cholesterol How to Lower Cholesterol with Diet Nutrition Statins Triglycerides VLDL Cholesterol Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Library of Medicine Video NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Harvard Medical School Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Heart Association Learn More American Heart Association PDF Journal Articles Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Plumbism <p>Lead is a metal that occurs naturally in the earth's crust. Lead can be found in all parts of our environment. Much of it comes from human activities such as mining and manufacturing. Lead used to be in paint; older houses may still have lead paint. You could be exposed to lead by:</p><ul> <li>Eating food or drinking water that contains lead. Water pipes in older homes may contain lead.</li> <li>Working in a job where lead is used</li> <li>Using lead in a hobby, such as making stained glass or lead-glazed pottery</li> <li>Using folk remedies such as herbs or foods that contain lead</li> </ul> <p>Breathing air, drinking water, eating food, or swallowing or touching dirt that contains lead can cause many health problems. Lead can affect almost every organ and system in your body. In adults, lead can increase blood pressure and cause infertility, nerve disorders, and muscle and joint pain. It can also make you irritable and affect your ability to concentrate and remember.</p> <p>Lead is especially dangerous for children. A child who swallows large amounts of lead may develop anemia, severe stomachache, muscle weakness, and brain damage. Even at low levels, lead can affect a child's mental and physical growth.</p> <p class="">Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry</p> Children and Teenagers Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Envenenamiento con plomo Lead Poisoning Arabic Dari Nepali Somali Spanish National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Plumbism lead exposure Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Nemours Foundation Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Environmental Protection Agency Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Learning differences Learning disorders <h3>What is a learning disability?</h3> <p>Learning disabilities are conditions that affect the ability to learn. They can cause problems with:</p> <ul> <li>Understanding what people are saying</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html">Speaking</a></li> <li>Reading</li> <li>Writing</li> <li>Doing math</li> <li>Paying attention</li> </ul> <p>Often, children have more than one kind of learning disability. They may also have another condition, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html">attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</a> (ADHD). This can make learning even more of a challenge. The sooner a learning disability is identified and addressed, the better a child is likely to perform in school.</p> <h3>What causes learning disabilities?</h3> <p>Learning disabilities don't have anything to do with how smart your child is. They are caused by differences in the brain, and they affect the way the brain takes in and uses information. These differences are usually present at birth. But there are certain factors that can play a role in the development of a learning disability, including:</p> <ul> <li>Genetics</li> <li>Environmental exposures, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html">lead</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">Using substances while pregnant</a></li> </ul> <h3>How are learning disabilities diagnosed?</h3> <p>The earlier you can find and treat a learning disability, the better. Unfortunately, learning disabilities are usually not found until a child is in school. If you notice that your child is struggling, talk to your child's teacher or health care provider about having your child evaluated for a learning disability. The evaluation may include:</p> <ul> <li>Doing a physical exam to check for a medical problem that might make learning more difficult.</li> <li>Asking about your family history.</li> <li>Test your child's intellectual and school performance.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for learning disabilities?</h3> <p>The most common treatment for learning disabilities is special education. A teacher or other learning specialist can help your child learn skills by building on their strengths and finding ways to make up for their weaknesses. They may suggest ways you can help your child when they do homework. Instructors may try special teaching methods, make changes to the classroom, or use technologies that can assist your child's learning needs. Some children also get help from tutors or speech or language therapists.</p> <p>A child with a learning disability may struggle with low self-esteem, frustration, and other problems. Mental health professionals can help your child understand these feelings, develop coping tools, and build healthy relationships.</p> <p>If your child has another condition, such as ADHD, they will need treatment for that condition as well.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Children and Teenagers Mental Health and Behavior Problemas de aprendizaje Learning Disabilities Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Developmental Disabilities Speech and Language Problems in Children Dyscalculia Dyslexia Reading Problems Specific Learning Disorder Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Symptoms National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Statistics and Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>Your legs are made up of bones, blood vessels, muscles, and other connective tissue. They are important for motion and standing. Playing sports, running, falling, or having an accident can damage your legs. Common leg injuries include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">sprains and strains</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html">joint dislocations</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fractures</a> (broken bones).</p> <p>These injuries can affect the entire leg, or just the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html">foot</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html">ankle</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html">knee</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html">hip</a>. Certain diseases also lead to leg problems. For example, knee osteoarthritis, common in older people, can cause pain and limited motion. Problems in your veins in your legs can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/varicoseveins.html">varicose veins</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/deepveinthrombosis.html">deep vein thrombosis</a>.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades de la pierna Leg Injuries Femoral Fractures Leg Length Inequality Tibial Fractures Leg Ulcer Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ankle Injuries and Disorders Deep Vein Thrombosis Foot Injuries and Disorders Hip Injuries and Disorders Knee Injuries and Disorders Restless Legs Varicose Veins Vascular Diseases Walking Problems Claudication Intermittent Claudication Leg Cramps Ulcer, Leg Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Journal Articles Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Legionellosis <h3>What is Legionnaires' Disease? </h3> <p>Legionnaires' disease is a serious type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a> caused by <em>Legionella</em> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacteria</a>. The disease got its name when a group of people at an American Legion convention became ill with this type of pneumonia.</p> <p><em>Legionella</em> is found naturally in freshwater, such as lakes and rivers. It can also be found in soil. But people usually only get sick from it when if it grows and spreads in man-made water systems. These systems can include hot tubs, fountains, and the plumbing systems of large buildings, such as hotels or nursing homes.</p> <p><em>Legionella</em> can also cause Pontiac fever. This is a milder, flu-like illness that doesn't infect your lungs.</p> <p></p><h3>What causes Legionnaires' disease?</h3> You can get the infection by breathing in mist or small drops of water that contain the bacteria. The mist may come from hot tubs, showers, or large building air conditioning units.<p></p> <p>You usually can't get infected by drinking water that contains the bacteria unless you aspirate it (accidentally breathe the water into your lungs). The bacteria don't spread from person to person. Disease outbreaks happen when many people are exposed to the same water source that contains the bacteria.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop Legionnaires' disease?</h3> <p>Most healthy people who come in contact with the bacteria do not become sick. You are more likely to develop an infection if you:</p> <ul> <li>Are over the age of 50</li> <li>Are a current or former <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">smoker</a></li> <li>Have a chronic (long-lasting) disease such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html">kidney failure</a></li> <li>Have a chronic lung disease such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html">emphysema</a></li> <li>Have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">weakened immune system</a> due to a disease such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancer</a> or are taking medicines that suppress your immune system</li> <li>Live in a long-term care facility</li> <li>Have recently stayed in a hospital or had surgery requiring <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anesthesia.html">anesthesia</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of Legionnaires' disease? </h3> <p>The symptoms usually show up 2 to 14 days after you were exposed to <em>Legionella</em> bacteria. Most of the symptoms are similar to those of other types of pneumonia. But Legionnaires' disease may also cause gastrointestinal symptoms and mental changes.</p> <p>The symptoms of Legionnaires' disease may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">Cough</a></li> <li>High <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a></li> <li>Chills</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> <li>Confusion</li> </ul> <h3>What other problems can Legionnaires' disease cause?</h3> <p>Legionnaires' disease can cause life-threatening complications such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html">respiratory failure</a>, kidney failure, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html">sepsis</a>.</p> <p>About 1 out of every 10 people who get sick with Legionnaires' disease will die from complications of the illness.</p> <h3>How is Legionnaires' disease diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have Legionnaires' disease, your health care provider will probably order a chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a> to see if you have pneumonia. If you do have it, lab tests such as a urine or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sputum-culture/">sputum</a> test can <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/legionella-tests/">check for the <em>Legionella</em> bacteria.</a> Your provider may also order a blood test to see if you have been exposed to the bacteria.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for Legionnaires' disease?</h3> <p>If you have Legionnaires' disease, you will likely need care in a hospital. The treatment is with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>. Most people will recover, especially if they were healthy when they got the disease. Getting treatment early can increase the chances of getting better.</p> <h3>Can Legionnaires' disease be prevented?</h3> <p>You can lower your risk of getting Legionnaires' disease if you:</p> <ul> <li>Clean all your water-related devices regularly. This could include portable humidifiers, water heaters, air conditioners, and nasal rinses.</li> <li>If you haven't used your faucets and showerheads for a week or more, flush them by letting the hot and cold faucets run for at least two minutes before use.</li> <li>Avoid exposure to water sources such as decorative foundations or hot tubs if you don't know how well they are maintained.</li> <li>Use windshield cleaner in your wiper fluid tank in your car instead of water.</li> <li>Ask about how well your buildings' water systems are maintained.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Lungs and Breathing Enfermedad del legionario Legionnaires' Disease Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Kala-azar <p>Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by the bite of infected sand flies. There are several different forms of leishmaniasis. The most common are cutaneous and visceral. The cutaneous type causes skin sores. The visceral type affects internal organs such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. People with this form usually have fever, weight loss, and an enlarged spleen and liver. </p> <p>Leishmaniasis is found in parts of about 88 countries. Most of these countries are in the tropics and subtropics. It is possible but very unlikely that you would get this disease in the United States. But you should be aware of it if you are traveling to the Middle East or parts of Central America, South America, Asia, Africa or southern Europe. </p> <p>Treatment is with medicines that contain antimony, a type of metal, or with strong antibiotics. The best way to prevent the disease is to protect yourself from sand fly bites:</p> <ul> <li>Stay indoors from dusk to dawn, when sand flies are the most active</li> <li>Wear long pants and long-sleeved shirts when outside</li> <li>Use insect repellent and bed nets as needed</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Parasitic Diseases Traveler's Health Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Defense Health Agency Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>La leishmaniasis es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html">enfermedad parasitaria</a> diseminada por la picadura de un mosquito infectado. Existen varias formas distintas de leishmaniasis. Las más comunes son la cutánea y la visceral. El tipo cutáneo causa llagas en la piel. El tipo visceral afecta los órganos internos, tales como el bazo, el hígado y la médula ósea. Las personas con esta enfermedad suelen tener fiebre, pérdida de peso y aumento de tamaño del bazo y el hígado. </p> <p>La leishmaniasis se encuentra en algunas áreas de 88 países aproximadamente. La mayoría de estos países se encuentra en zonas tropicales y subtropicales. Es posible, pero poco probable, que adquiera esta enfermedad en los Estados Unidos. Pero debe estar pendiente de ella si <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html">viaja</a> al Medio Oriente o a regiones de América Central, América del Sur, Asia, África o el sur de Europa. </p> <p>El tratamiento consiste en medicinas que contienen antimonio, un tipo de metal o potentes antibióticos. La mejor forma de prevenirla es protegerse de las picaduras de mosquito:</p><ul> <li>Evite estar al aire libre desde el anochecer hasta el amanecer</li> <li>Use pantalones largos y camisas de manga larga cuando este afuera</li> <li>Use repelente de insectos y mosquiteros cuando sea necesario</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Leishmaniasis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Kala-azar Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. <p>La espalda está compuesta de huesos, músculos y otros tejidos que se extienden desde el cuello hasta la pelvis. Las lesiones en la espalda pueden ser provocadas por el deporte, trabajos en la casa o en el jardín o una sacudida repentina, como en un accidente de tránsito. La parte baja de la espalda es el sitio donde más comúnmente ocurren las lesiones y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html">dolor de espalda</a>. Algunas de las lesiones de espalda más comunes son:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">Torceduras y distensiones o esguinces</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herniateddisk.html">Hernias de disco </a></li> <li>Vértebras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturadas</a> (rotas) </li> </ul> <p>Estas lesiones pueden causar dolor y limitar los movimientos. Los tratamientos varían, pero pueden incluir medicamentos, frío, reposo en cama, fisioterapia o cirugía. Se pueden evitar algunas lesiones de espalda manteniendo un peso saludable, utilizando el apoyo de las piernas cuando levanta objetos y usando un soporte para la parte baja de la espalda al sentarse. </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Back Injuries Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Dolor de espalda Hernia de disco Espalda, Lesiones de la Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Hombro de lanzador Hombro de nadador Hombro de tenista Síndrome de pinzamiento del hombro Síndrome de sobrecarga del hombro Tendinitis del manguito de los rotadores <h3>¿Qué es el manguito rotador?</h3> <p>Su manguito rotador es parte de la articulación del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html">hombro</a>. Es un grupo de músculos y tendones que sujeta firmemente la parte superior del hueso de la parte superior del brazo en la cavidad del hombro. El manguito rotador mantiene estable el hombro cuando mueve el brazo en alguna dirección.</p> <h3>¿Qué son las lesiones del manguito rotador?</h3> <p>Las lesiones del manguito rotador son comunes. La mayoría de ellas son por desgaste al hacer los mismos movimientos de brazos una y otra vez, especialmente moverlos por encima de la cabeza. Con el tiempo, los tejidos del manguito rotador se rompen y provocan lesiones como:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html">Tendinitis</a></strong>: Los tendones del manguito de los rotadores conectan los músculos con los huesos del hombro. En la tendinitis, los tendones se irritan y se inflaman al pinzarse por los movimientos del hombro</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html">Bursitis</a></strong>: La bursa es un pequeño saco lleno de líquido que cubre el espacio entre el manguito de los rotadores y los huesos del hombro. La bursitis ocurre cuando el músculo y el hueso frotan demasiado la bursa, inflamándose con exceso de líquido, lo que causa dolor</li> <li><strong>Desgarros del manguito rotador</strong>: Los desgarros en un tendón del manguito de los rotadores pueden ocurrir con el tiempo o de repente debido a una lesión, como caerse sobre un brazo extendido o levantar algo pesado. Un desgarro puede romper parte de un tendón (desgarro parcial) o romperlo completamente (desgarro completo)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener una lesión del manguito rotador?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener una lesión del manguito rotador. Pero algunas son más propensas:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Mayores de 40 años</strong>: La mayoría de las lesiones del manguito rotador se deben al uso y desgaste por el envejecimiento. A los 80 años, la mayoría de los adultos tienen desgarros</li> <li><strong>Atletas</strong>: Practicar deportes con movimientos repetidos del hombro aumenta el riesgo de sufrir una lesión en el manguito de los rotadores, por ejemplo, tenis, natación y béisbol, especialmente lanzar la pelota</li> <li> <strong>Trabajadores que requieren mucho alcance por encima de la cabeza o levantar objetos pesados</strong>: Los carpinteros, los trabajadores de la construcción y los pintores son ejemplos de personas que pueden tener más riesgo de tener problemas en el manguito de los rotadores</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las lesiones del manguito rotador?</h3> <p>Las lesiones del manguito rotador no siempre causan dolor. Pero cuando lo hacen, el dolor suele estar en la parte superior del brazo o el hombro. Es posible que sienta más dolor al:</p> <ul> <li>Acostarse, especialmente sobre el hombro lesionado</li> <li>Levantar su brazo o bajarlo al frente o al costado</li> <li>Estirarlo detrás de su espalda</li> </ul> <p>Otros síntomas de un manguito rotador desgarrado pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Pérdida de fuerza en el brazo</li> <li>Sonidos de chasquidos o crujidos al mover el brazo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las lesiones del manguito rotador?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene una lesión en el manguito de los rotadores, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Examinará su hombro: Esto incluye verificar el rango de movimiento y dónde está el dolor</li> <li>Pondrá a prueba la fuerza de su brazo y hombro</li> <li> Puede solicitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes</a>, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografías</a>, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ultrasonido </a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las lesiones del manguito rotador?</h3> <p>El mejor tratamiento para usted depende de su edad, cuánto le molesta su lesión y si el problema fue repentino o se debió al uso y desgaste.</p> <p>Los tratamientos para las lesiones del manguito rotador a menudo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Descanso</li> <li>Ponerse hielo o una compresa fría en el área adolorida</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">Analgésicos</a> para disminuir el dolor y la inflamación, como ibuprofeno o aspirina</li> <li>Ejercicios de terapia física para fortalecer el hombro y mejorar el movimiento</li> <li>Una inyección de corticoides en la articulación del hombro si otros tratamientos no ayudan con el dolor</li> </ul> <p>Los tratamientos para la tendinitis y bursitis del manguito de los rotadores también pueden incluir terapia de ultrasonido. La cirugía puede ser una opción si su hombro no mejora de 6 a 12 meses después.</p> <p>Los tratamientos para un manguito rotador desgarrado también pueden incluir calor en el área adolorida o estimulación eléctrica de los nervios y músculos (estimulación nerviosa eléctrica transcutánea, o TENS).</p> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede sugerir una cirugía si su desgarro es grande o se debe a una lesión reciente, o si los síntomas duran de 6 a 12 meses.</p> <h3>¿Cuándo debo ver a un profesional de la salud por dolor en el hombro?</h3> <p>Si ciertas actividades le molestan en el hombro, es mejor dejar de hacerlas y consultar con su proveedor. Esto se debe a que el tratamiento temprano puede evitar que las lesiones leves del manguito de los rotadores se agraven más adelante. Si su brazo se siente débil justo después de una lesión repentina en el hombro, consulte a su profesional de la salud lo antes posible.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Rotator Cuff Injuries Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Hombro de lanzador Hombro de nadador Hombro de tenista Manguito de los rotadores, Lesiones Síndrome de pinzamiento del hombro Síndrome de sobrecarga del hombro Tendinitis del manguito de los rotadores Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Lesiones oculares <p>La estructura de su cara ayuda a proteger sus ojos contra las lesiones. Aún así, las lesiones pueden dañar su ojo y algunas veces son suficientemente severas como para provocar la pérdida de la vista. La mayoría de las lesiones oculares puede prevenirse. Si practica algún deporte o se dedica a determinados trabajos, es posible que necesite protegérselos.</p> <p>El tipo más común de lesión ocurre cuando algo irrita la superficie externa del ojo. Ciertos trabajos como los empleos en la industria o algunos pasatiempos como la carpintería, aumentan las posibilidades de presentar estas lesiones. También son más probables si utiliza lentes de contacto.</p> <p>Las sustancias químicas o el calor pueden quemarle los ojos. En el caso de las sustancias químicas, el dolor puede hacerle cerrar los ojos. Eso mantiene el irritante en contacto con su ojo y puede causarle más daños. Es necesario lavarse el ojo de inmediato mientras espera ayuda médica.</p> Ojos y visión Lesiones y heridas Eye Injuries Instituto Nacional del Ojo Desprendimiento de retina Ojo, Lesiones del Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Oftalmología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Oftalmología Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Oftalmología Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología <p>El plexo braquial es una red de nervios que envía señales desde la columna vertebral hasta el hombro, el brazo y la mano. El daño del plexo braquial puede causar síntomas como:</p> <ul> <li>Un brazo flácido o paralizado</li> <li>Falta de control muscular en el brazo, la mano o la muñeca</li> <li>Falta de sensación en el brazo o en la mano</li> </ul> <p>Las lesiones del plexo braquial pueden ocurrir por un trauma, tumores o inflamación en el hombro. A veces ocurren durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html">alumbramiento</a>, cuando los hombros del bebé quedan atascados durante el parto y hay un estiramiento o desgarro de los nervios.</p> <p>Algunas lesiones del plexo braquial pueden sanar sin tratamiento. Muchos de los niños que se lesionan durante el parto mejoran o se recuperan a los tres o cuatro meses de edad. El tratamiento incluye terapia física y en algunos casos, cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Lesiones y heridas Brachial Plexus Injuries Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Plexo braquial, Lesiones Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro de Recursos para la Parálisis de la Fundación Christopher y Dana Reeve Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Golpes en la cabeza <p>Es probable que usted se haya golpeado la cabeza alguna vez. En general, la lesión es menor ya que el cráneo es duro y protege su cerebro. Pero otras lesiones en la cabeza pueden ser más graves, como una fractura, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/concussion.html">conmoción cerebral</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">traumatismo cerebral</a>. </p> <p>Las lesiones en la cabeza pueden ser abiertas o cerradas. Una lesión cerrada no rompe el cráneo. En una lesión abierta, un objeto penetra el cráneo y entra al cerebro. Las lesiones cerradas no siempre son menos graves que las abiertas.</p> <p>Algunas causas comunes de lesiones en la cabeza son las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">caídas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motorvehiclesafety.html">accidentes de tránsito</a>, violencia o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">deportes</a>.</p> <p>Es importante conocer las señales de advertencia de las lesiones moderadas a graves. Busque ayuda de inmediato si la persona tiene:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor de cabeza que empeora o no mejora</li> <li>Vómitos o nauseas reiteradas</li> <li>Convulsiones</li> <li>Incapacidad para levantarse</li> <li>Pupilas dilatadas en uno o ambos ojos</li> <li>Dificultad para hablar</li> <li>Debilidad o entumecimiento de los brazos o piernas</li> <li>Falta de coordinación</li> <li>Creciente confusión, inquietud o agitación</li> </ul> <p>Los médicos usan un examen neurológico y pruebas de imagen para realizar un diagnóstico. El tratamiento depende del tipo de lesión y qué tan grave es. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Lesiones y heridas Head Injuries Conmoción cerebral Lesión cerebral traumática Cabeza, Daño Cabeza, Golpes Cabeza, Lesiones Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Lesiones eléctricas Lesiones por rayos <p>Cuando usted entra en contacto directo con la electricidad, la corriente puede pasar por su cuerpo y causar lesiones. Estas heridas pueden ser externas o internas. Usted puede sufrir uno o ambos tipos de lesiones. Las externas son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html">quemaduras</a> en la piel. Las internas incluyen daño a los órganos, huesos, músculos y nervios. También puede causar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">ritmo anormal del corazón</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html">paro cardíaco</a>.</p> <p>La gravedad de sus lesiones dependen de qué tan fuerte es la corriente eléctrica, el tipo de corriente, cómo se mueve a través del cuerpo y el tiempo de exposición. Otros factores incluyen su estado de salud y cuánto demoró en recibir tratamiento.</p> <p>Las causas de las lesiones eléctricas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Caída de rayos</li> <li>Aparatos eléctricos defectuosos</li> <li>Exposición a la electricidad en el trabajo</li> <li>Contacto con el cableado de la casa o líneas de transmisión eléctrica</li> <li>Accidentes de niños pequeños cuando mascan o chupan cables eléctricos o introducen objetos en enchufes</li> </ul> <p>Si sufre una lesión eléctrica, usted debe consultar a un médico. Es posible que tenga daños internos y no se dé cuenta.</p> Lesiones y heridas Electrical Injuries Electricidad, Lesiones Quemaduras por electricidad Rayos, Lesiones Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Más información Spanish/Español Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Aspiración de humos tóxicos Lesiones por aspiración de gas Lesiones por aspiración de humo <p>Las lesiones por inhalación son lesiones agudas en el sistema respiratorio y los pulmones. Pueden ocurrir si respira sustancias tóxicas, como humo de incendios, productos químicos, contaminación de partículas y gases. Las lesiones por inhalación también pueden ser causadas por calor extremo, un tipo de lesión térmica. Más de la mitad de las muertes por incendios se deben a lesiones por inhalación.</p> <p>Los síntomas de las lesiones por inhalación pueden depender de lo que respiró. Pero a menudo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Tos y flema</li> <li>Picazón en la garganta</li> <li>Senos paranasales irritados</li> <li>Dificultad para respirar</li> <li>Dolor en el pecho o sensación de opresión</li> <li>Dolores de cabeza</li> <li>Picazón en los ojos</li> <li>Nariz que moquea</li> <li>Si usted tiene asma, éste puede empeorar</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene un problema crónico de corazón o pulmón, una lesión por inhalación puede empeorarlo.</p> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor de atención médica puede usar un endoscopio para examinar sus vías aéreas y verificar si hay daños. Otras pruebas posibles incluyen pruebas de imágenes de los pulmones, análisis de sangre y pruebas de función pulmonar.</p> <p>Si usted tiene una lesión por inhalación, su proveedor de atención médica buscará de que su vía aérea no esté bloqueada. El tratamiento es con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">terapia de oxígeno</a> y, en algunos casos, medicamentos. Algunos pacientes necesitan usar un respirador para respirar. La mayoría de las personas mejora, pero algunas personas tienen problemas pulmonares o respiratorios permanentes. Los fumadores y las personas que tuvieron una lesión grave corren un mayor riesgo de tener problemas permanentes.</p> <p>Usted puede tomar algunas medidas para prevenir lesiones por inhalación:</p> <ul> <li>En casa, practique la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firesafety.html">seguridad contra incendios</a>, que incluye la prevención de incendios y un plan en caso de que ocurra un siniestro</li> <li>Si hay humo cerca de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wildfires.html">incendio forestal</a> o mucha contaminación particulada en el aire, intente limitar su tiempo al aire libre. Mantenga el aire interior lo más limpio posible, manteniendo las ventanas cerradas y usando un filtro de aire. Si tiene asma, otra enfermedad pulmonar o enfermedad cardíaca, siga los consejos de su proveedor de atención médica sobre sus medicamentos y su plan de control respiratorio</li> <li>Si está trabajando con químicos o gases, manipúlelos de manera segura y use equipo de protección</li> </ul> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Lesiones y heridas Inhalation Injuries Inhalación, Lesiones por Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>La cadera es la articulación donde se une el hueso del muslo (fémur) con el de la pelvis. Tiene dos partes principales: Una bola en el extremo del fémur, que se encaja en la cavidad de la pelvis. Su cadera es conocida como una articulación esférica, esto es porque tiene una bola al final del fémur que calza dentro de la cavidad de la pelvis. Esto hace que las caderas sean muy estables y permiten un amplio rango de movimiento. Cuando están sanas, es necesaria mucha fuerza para lastimarlas. Sin embargo, algunas veces hacer deportes, correr, el uso excesivo o las caídas pueden llevar a lesiones en las caderas como:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">Distensiones</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html">Bursitis</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html">Dislocaciones</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">Fracturas</a> (huesos rotos)</li> </ul> <p>Algunas enfermedades también pueden conducir a lesiones o problemas con las caderas. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html">osteoartritis</a> puede causar dolor y limitar los movimientos. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a> en la cadera causa que se debiliten los huesos y se rompan fácilmente. Ambos son comunes en personas mayores. </p> <p>Otro problema es la displasia de cadera, donde la bola al final del fémur está suelta en la cavidad de la cadera. Puede causar dislocación de cadera. Los bebés que tienen displasia de cadera generalmente nacen con ella, pero a veces la desarrollan más tarde.</p> <p>El tratamiento de los problemas de las caderas puede incluir reposo, medicinas, fisioterapia o cirugía, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipreplacement.html">reemplazo de cadera</a>.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Hip Injuries and Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Reemplazo de cadera Cadera, Lesiones de la Pelvis Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>Las lesiones y las enfermedades en la cara pueden causar dolor y alterar su aspecto. En casos severos, pueden afectar la vista, el habla, la respiración y la capacidad de tragar. Las fracturas óseas, especialmente de los huesos de la nariz, las mejillas y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jawinjuriesanddisorders.html">mandíbula</a> son lesiones faciales comunes. </p> <p>Algunas enfermedades también conducen a enfermedades en la cara. Por ejemplo, las enfermedades de los nervios, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trigeminalneuralgia.html">neuralgia del trigémino</a> o la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bellspalsy.html">parálisis de Bell</a> a veces causan dolor facial, espasmos y problemas con los movimientos del ojo o faciales. Los defectos congénitos también pueden afectar la cara. Pueden causar su mal desarrollo y características raramente prominentes o falta de expresión facial. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html">labio leporino y el paladar hendido</a> son defectos congénitos faciales comunes. </p> Cerebro y nervios Oído, nariz y garganta Lesiones y heridas Facial Injuries and Disorders Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Cirugía plástica y cosmética Labio leporino y paladar hendido Lesiones y enfermedades de la nariz Neuralgia del trigémino Parálisis de Bell Cara, Lesiones de la Más información Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>La columna vertebral está formada por 26 huesos llamados vértebras. Las vértebras protegen la médula espinal y le permiten mantenerse de pie e inclinarse. Hay varios problemas que pueden alterar la estructura de la columna o lesionarle las vértebras y el tejido que las rodea. Entre ellos:</p> <ul> <li> Infecciones </li> <li> Traumatismos</li> <li> Tumores </li> <li>Enfermedades, tales como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankylosingspondylitis.html">espondilitis anquilosante</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html">escoliosis</a> </li> <li> Cambios óseos que ocurren con la edad, tales como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalstenosis.html">estenosis espinal</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herniateddisk.html">hernias de disco</a> </li> </ul> <p>Con frecuencia, las enfermedades de la columna provocan dolor cuando los cambios óseos presionan la médula o los nervios. También pueden limitar el movimiento. El tratamiento varía según la enfermedad, pero algunas veces incluyen aparatos ortopédicos para la espalda y cirugía.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Spine Injuries and Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Enfermedades del cóccix Escoliosis Espondilitis anquilosante Estenosis espinal Hernia de disco Columna vertebral, Enfermedades de la Columna vertebral, Lesiones Enfermedades de la columna vertebral Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Estadounidense de la Columna Vertebral PDF Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Médica Americana PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Enfermedad mandibular Enfermedades de la quijada Problemas mandibulares <p>Su mandíbula es un conjunto de huesos que sostiene sus dientes e incluye:</p> <ul> <li>El maxilar superior: es la parte de arriba de su mandíbula. Sostiene sus dientes superiores para que no se muevan. También sostiene los músculos para masticar y para las expresiones faciales</li> <li>La mandíbula: es la parte baja de su mandíbula. Usted la mueve al hablar o masticar. También sostiene sus dientes inferiores en su lugar</li> <li>Las articulaciones temporomandibulares: son dos articulaciones (una de cada lado) que conectan su mandíbula a su cráneo</li> </ul> <p>Los problemas de la mandíbula incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">Fracturas</a> (huesos rotos)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html">Dislocaciones</a>, las cuales son lesiones que fuerzan a los extremos de sus huesos fuera de lugar</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/temporomandibulardisorders.html">Trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular</a> son condiciones que afectan sus articulaciones temporomandibulares</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteonecrosis.html">Osteonecrosis</a>, lo cual sucede cuando sus huesos no reciben suficiente sangre. Puede causar que el hueso se rompa</li> <li>Tumores en la mandíbula, los cuales pueden ser benignos (no cancerosos) o cáncer</li> <li>Defectos de la mandíbula, los cuales son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">defectos de nacimiento</a> en los que la mandíbula podría faltar o estar deformada</li> </ul> <p>A menudo se utiliza el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">diagnóstico por imágenes</a> para diagnosticar lesiones y trastornos de la mandíbula. El tratamiento depende de el problema de la mandíbula que tenga.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Salud oral y dental Lesiones y heridas Jaw Injuries and Disorders Enfermedades de la boca Lesiones y enfermedades de la cara Neuralgia del trigémino Mandíbula, Lesiones y enfermedades Quijada, Lesiones y enfermedades Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología <p>Independientemente de su edad o de lo que haga para ganarse la vida, usted está siempre utilizando las manos. Cuando tiene algún problema con ellas, es posible que no pueda realizar sus actividades habituales. </p> <p>Los problemas en las manos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html">Síndrome del túnel carpiano</a>: compresión de un nervio en su paso a través de la muñeca que provoca entumecimiento frecuente de los dedos </li> <li> Lesiones que resultan en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturas</a> (huesos rotos), ruptura de ligamentos y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html">dislocaciones</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoartritis</a>: artritis por desgaste, que también puede causar deformidad </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html">Tendinitis</a>: irritación de los tendones </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fingerinjuriesanddisorders.html">Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos</a></li> </ul> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Hand Injuries and Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Fenómeno de Raynaud Lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos Lesiones y enfermedades del codo Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro Síndrome del túnel carpiano Mano, Lesiones de la Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>Su muñeca conecta su mano con su antebrazo. No es una sola gran articulación, sino varias articulaciones pequeñas. Esto la hace flexible y permite a su mano moverse en diferentes maneras. La muñeca tiene dos huesos grandes del antebrazo y ocho pequeños llamados carpianos. También tiene tendones y ligamentos, o tejidos conectivos. Los tendones conectan el músculo al hueso. Los ligamentos conectan a los huesos entre ellos.</p> <h3>¿Qué tipos de lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca existen?</h3> <p>Algunos de los tipos más comunes de lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca son:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html">Síndrome del túnel carpiano</a></strong>: Ocurre cuando un nervio que va del antebrazo a la palma de la mano se comprime en la muñeca</li> <li><strong>Quiste ganglionar</strong>: Son masas o nódulos no cancerosos</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gout.html">Gota</a></strong>: Tipo de artritis causada por la acumulación de ácido úrico en las articulaciones </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">Fracturas</a></strong>: Huesos rotos</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoartritis</a></strong>: El tipo más común de artritis. Es causada por el uso y desgaste de las articulaciones</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">Torceduras y distensiones</a></strong>: Lesiones de los ligamentos, músculos o tendones</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html">Tendinitis</a></strong>: Inflamación de los tendones, usualmente por uso excesivo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca?</h3> <p>Algunas cosas pueden ponerle en mayor riesgo de tener un problema a la muñeca, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Practicar deportes: Esto lo puede poner en riesgo de lesiones y pone su muñeca bajo estrés. Por ejemplo, puede caerse con el brazo estirado al practicar skate o snowboard, cayendo sobre su mano. Su muñeca puede lesionarse al practicar deportes de contacto. Otros deportes, como básquetbol o gimnasia, pueden tensar sus muñecas</li> <li>Hacer movimientos repetitivos con su muñeca: Como escribir en un teclado, trabajar en una línea de ensamblaje o utilizar herramientas eléctricas</li> <li>Tener ciertas enfermedades: Como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html">artritis reumatoide</a>, lo que puede causar dolor en la muñeca</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca? </h3> <p>Los síntomas de un problema de muñeca pueden variar, dependiendo de la afección. Un síntoma común es el dolor, otros posibles signos incluyen inflamación, poca fuerza y entumecimiento u hormigueo repentino.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Un examen físico, incluyendo examinar la fuerza de su muñeca y cuánto puede moverla</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">Radiografías</a> u otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de imágenes</a></li> <li>Pruebas de sangre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para el dolor de muñeca dependen del tipo de lesión o trastorno. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>No usar la muñeca</li> <li>Usar una muñequera o yeso</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">Analgésicos</a></li> <li>Inyecciones de cortisona</li> <li>Terapia física</li> <li>Cirugía </li> </ul> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca?</h3> <p>Para tratar de prevenir problemas en la muñeca, usted puede:</p> <ul> <li>Usar protectores para las muñecas cuando haga deportes que lo pongan en riesgo de lesiones</li> <li>En el lugar de trabajo, realice ejercicios de estiramientos y tome descansos frecuentes. También debe prestar atención a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ergonomics.html">ergonomía</a> para asegurarse de que está utilizando la posición correcta de la muñeca mientras trabaja</li> <li> Obtenga suficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">vitamina D</a> para mantener sus huesos fuertes</li> </ul> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Wrist Injuries and Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano Lesiones y enfermedades del brazo Lesiones y enfermedades del codo Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro Síndrome del túnel carpiano Muñeca, Lesiones de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Enfermedades nasales <p>La nariz es importante para su salud. Esta filtra el aire que respira, eliminando el polvo, los gérmenes y los irritantes. Calienta y humedece el aire para evitar que los pulmones y los tubos que conducen a ellos se resequen. La nariz también contiene células nerviosas que ayudan al sentido del olfato. Cuando existe un problema en la nariz, todo el cuerpo puede sufrir. Por ejemplo, la nariz tapada por un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfrío</a> puede dificultar la respiración, el sueño o el bienestar general. </p> <p>Además del resfrío, muchos otros problemas pueden afectar la nariz. Entre ellos:</p> <ul> <li> Tabique nasal desviado: es un desvío de la pared que divide la cavidad nasal en mitades </li> <li> Pólipos nasales: masas blandas que se desarrollan en la mucosa nasal o de los senos paranasales </li> <li> Hemorragias nasales</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hayfever.html">Rinitis alérgica</a>: inflamación de la nariz y de los senos paranasales, a veces causado por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">alergias</a>. El principal síntoma es la secreción nasal. </li> <li> Fracturas </li> </ul> Oído, nariz y garganta Nose Injuries and Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Cirugía plástica y cosmética Sinusitis Trastornos del gusto y del olfato Enfermedades de la nariz Nariz, Enfermedades de la Nariz, Lesiones Nariz, Sangrado Nasales, Problemas Problemas nasales Rinitis Sangrado de nariz Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>Las piernas están formadas por huesos, vasos sanguíneos, músculos y otros tejidos conectivos. Son importantes para moverse y como soporte del cuerpo. La práctica deportiva, correr, las caídas o los accidentes pueden lesionar sus piernas. Las lesiones más comunes incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">torceduras y distensiones</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html">dislocaciones de una articulación</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturas</a> (huesos rotos).</p> <p>Estas lesiones pueden afectar toda la pierna o solamente el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html">pie</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html">tobillo</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html">rodilla</a> o la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hipinjuriesanddisorders.html">cadera</a>. Algunas enfermedades también causan problemas en las piernas. Por ejemplo, la osteoartritis de la rodilla, común en personas mayores, puede causar dolor y limitarles sus movimientos. Los problemas en las venas de las piernas pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/varicoseveins.html">várices</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/deepveinthrombosis.html">trombosis venosa profunda</a>.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Leg Injuries and Disorders Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla Lesiones y enfermedades del pie Lesiones y enfermedades del tobillo Problemas circulatorios Problemas para caminar Síndrome de las piernas inquietas Trombosis venosa profunda Várices Pierna, Lesiones y enfermedades de la Rengueo Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>La articulación de la rodilla se compone de hueso, cartílago, ligamentos y líquidos. Los músculos y los tendones ayudan a que la rodilla se mueva en su articulación. Cuando alguna de estas estructuras se lastima o se enferma, surgen problemas. Los problemas en las rodillas pueden provocar dolor y dificultades para caminar.</p> <p>Los problemas en las rodillas son muy comunes y pueden ocurrir a cualquier edad. Pueden interferir con muchas actividades, desde la práctica de deportes hasta poder levantarse de una silla y caminar. Pueden tener un gran impacto en su vida. </p> <p>La enfermedad más común que afecta los huesos de las rodillas es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">artritis</a>. El cartílago de la rodilla se desgasta gradualmente y provoca dolor e inflamación. </p> <p>Las lesiones en los ligamentos y tendones también causan problemas con la rodilla. Una lesión común se produce en el ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). Estas lesiones frecuentemente suelen ocurrir por un movimiento de torsión repentino. Las lesiones del LCA y otras son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">lesiones deportivas</a> comunes.</p> <p>El tratamiento de los problemas con la rodilla depende de la causa. En algunos casos, el médico puede recomendar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneereplacement.html">reemplazo de rodilla</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Knee Injuries and Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Lesiones y enfermedades de la pierna Reemplazo de rodilla Ligamento cruciforme anterior Osgood-Schlatter Rodilla, Lesiones y enfermedades de la Rótula Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>Usted utiliza sus dedos y pulgares para hacer de todo, desde tomar objetos y tocar instrumentos hasta escribir en la computadora. Cuando no funcionan bien, puede hacerle la vida difícil. Los problemas más comunes incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Lesiones que producen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturas</a> ruptura de ligamentos y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html">luxaciones</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoartritis</a>: desgaste que también puede causar deformidad</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html">Tendinitis</a>: irritación de los tendones</li> <li>Contractura de Dupuytren: una afección hereditaria que produce un engrosamiento del tejido por debajo de la piel de su mano, lo que causa contractura y curvatura en sus dedos</li> <li>Dedo en gatillo: una irritación del revestimiento de los tendones flexores, lo que a veces causa que el tendón se flexione en forma de gatillo</li> </ul> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Finger Injuries and Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Enfermedades de las uñas Fenómeno de Raynaud Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano Dedos, Lesiones y enfermedades de los Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana de Cirugía de la Mano Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica <p>Catorce de los 26 huesos en los pies están en los dedos. Los dedos de los pies, especialmente el dedo gordo, lo ayudan a moverse y a mantener el equilibrio. Practicar deportes, correr y dejar caer algo encima de los pies puede lesionar los dedos. El uso de zapatos demasiado holgados o demasiado ajustados también puede causar problemas en los dedos del pie. Algunas enfermedades, como la artritis severa, pueden causar problemas y dolor en los dedos. Con frecuencia, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gout.html">gota</a> causa dolor en el dedo gordo. </p> <p>Los problemas comunes en los dedos de los pies incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornsandcalluses.html">Callos</a> y juanetes </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/naildiseases.html">Uñas</a> encarnadas </li> <li> Torceduras y dislocaciones </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">Fracturas</a> (huesos rotos)</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento de las lesiones y los trastornos puede variar. Puede incluir aparatos que se insertan en el calzado o zapatos especiales, plantillas, esparadrapos, medicinas, reposo y, en casos severos, cirugía. </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Toe Injuries and Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Callos y callosidades Lesiones y enfermedades del pie Salud del pie Dedos del pie, Lesiones y enfermedades de los Pie, Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Síntomas Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Síntomas Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer <p>De los 206 huesos en el cuerpo, tres de ellos se encuentran en el brazo: el húmero, el cúbito y el radio. Los brazos también están formados por músculos, articulaciones, tendones y otros tejidos conectivos. Pueden ocurrir lesiones en cualquiera de estas partes del brazo al practicar algún deporte, en caso de una caída o un accidente.</p> <p>Los tipos de lesiones en el brazo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html">Tendinitis</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html">bursitis</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">Torceduras</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html">Dislocaciones</a> </li> <li> <a href="../spanish/fractures.html" tid="1913">Fracturas (huesos rotos)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html">Problemas de los nervios</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoartritis</a></li> </ul> <p>También puede haber problemas o lesiones en partes específicas del brazo, tales como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html">mano</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html">muñeca</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/elbowinjuriesanddisorders.html">codo</a> o el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html">hombro</a>.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Arm Injuries and Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano Lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca Lesiones y enfermedades del codo Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro Brazo, Lesiones y enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>La articulación del codo se compone del hueso, cartílago, ligamentos y líquidos. Los músculos y los tendones ayudan a que el codo se mueva en su articulación. Cuando alguna de estas estructuras se lastima o se enferma, surgen los problemas en el codo.</p> <p>Hay muchas cosas que pueden ocasionar dolor en el codo. Una causa común es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html">tendinitis</a>, una inflamación o lesión de los tendones que unen los músculos al hueso. La tendinitis del codo es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">lesión deportiva</a>, con frecuencia por jugar tenis o golf. También puede ocurrir una tendinitis por usar excesivamente el codo.</p> <p>Otras causas de dolor en el codo incluyen distensiones, torceduras, fracturas, dislocaciones, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html">bursitis</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">artritis</a>. El tratamiento dependerá de la causa.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Elbow Injuries and Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano Lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca Codo de tenista Codo, Lesiones y enfermedades del Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>Cualquier parte del cuello: músculos, huesos, articulaciones, tendones, ligamentos o nervios puede ocasionar problemas y dolor en el cuello. El dolor también puede provenir del hombro, la mandíbula, la cabeza o los brazos. </p> <p>Las distensiones musculares o la tensión suelen causar dolor en el cuello. El problema suele ser el exceso de uso, como ocurre al sentarse durante demasiado tiempo frente a una computadora. Algunas veces, los músculos del cuello pueden torcerse por dormir en posiciones incómodas o por excederse en el ejercicio. Las caídas o los accidentes, incluyendo los accidentes automovilísticos, son otra causa común de dolor en el cuello. El latigazo cervical, una lesión de los tejidos blandos del cuello, también se denomina distensión o torcedura del cuello. </p> <p>El tratamiento depende de la causa, pero puede incluir hielo, analgésicos, fisioterapia o un collarín cervical. Raras veces se requiere cirugía. </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Neck Injuries and Disorders Cáncer de cabeza y cuello Lesiones y enfermedades de la columna vertebral Cervical, Traumatismo Cuello, Lesiones y enfermedades del Región cervical de la columna vertebral Traumatismo cervical Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours <p>La articulación del hombro se compone de tres huesos: la clavícula, el omóplato y el húmero. Sus hombros son las articulaciones más móviles de su cuerpo. También puede ser inestable debido a que la bola de la parte superior del brazo es más grande que la cavidad del hombro que la sujeta. Para permanecer en una posición estable o normal, el hombro debe estar anclado por músculos, tendones y ligamentos.</p> <p>Debido a que su hombro puede ser inestable, puede lesionarse fácilmente. Los problemas comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html"> Torceduras y distensiones</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocatedshoulder.html">Dislocaciones</a></li> <li>Separaciones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html">Tendinitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html">Bursitis</a></li> <li>Ruptura del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotatorcuffinjuries.html">manguito rotador</a></li> <li>Hombro congelado</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">Fracturas</a> (huesos rotos)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">Artritis</a></li> </ul> <p>Para diagnosticar los problemas del hombro, los profesionales de la salud usan su historia clínica, un examen físico y pruebas de imagen.</p> <p>A menudo, el primer tratamiento para los problemas del hombro es el reposo, hielo, compresión y elevación (método RICE, en inglés). Otros tratamientos incluyen ejercicio y medicamentos para reducir el dolor y la hinchazón. Si eso no funciona, es posible que necesite cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Shoulder Injuries and Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Lesiones del manguito rotatorio del hombro Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano Lesiones y enfermedades del brazo Síndrome de la salida torácica Hombro, Lesiones y enfermedades del Lesión del manguito de los rotadores Manguito de los rotadores, Lesión Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica <p>Cada uno de sus pies tiene 26 huesos, 33 articulaciones y más de 100 tendones, músculos y ligamentos. Por ello pueden afectarle muchos problemas de salud. Entre los más comunes se encuentran:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toeinjuriesanddisorders.html">Juanetes</a>: Masa dura y dolorosa en la articulación del dedo gordo del pie </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornsandcalluses.html">Callos y durezas</a>: Engrosamiento de la piel por la fricción o la presión </li> <li>Verrugas plantares: Verrugas en la planta del pie </li> <li>Caída del arco: También conocido como pie plano</li> </ul> <p>El uso de zapatos inadecuados suele causar estos problemas. La edad y el sobrepeso también aumentan las posibilidades de tener problemas en los pies.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Foot Injuries and Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Lesiones y enfermedades de la pierna Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos del pie Lesiones y enfermedades del talón Lesiones y enfermedades del tobillo Pie diabético Salud del pie Dedo Fascitis plantar Pie, Lesiones y enfermedades del Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Síntomas Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Niños/as Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Enfermedades del calcañal Problemas con el carcañal <p>Los problemas en el talón son comunes y pueden ser dolorosos. Con frecuencia, resultan de un exceso de tensión en el hueso del talón y los tejidos que lo rodean. La tensión puede provenir de:</p><ul> <li> Lesiones </li> <li>Hematomas que se adquieren al caminar, correr o saltar</li> <li> Uso de zapatos que no le quedan bien o no están bien hechos</li> <li> Sobrepeso </li> </ul> <p>Esto puede conducir a tendinitis, bursitis y fasciitis, que son tipos de inflamación de los tejidos que rodean el talón. Con el tiempo, la tensión puede causar espolones óseos y deformidades. Algunas enfermedades, como la artritis reumatoide y la gota, también pueden conducir a problemas en los talones. El tratamiento de los problemas en los talones puede incluir reposo, medicinas, ejercicio, uso de vendas y zapatos especiales. Rara vez se requiere cirugía.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Heel Injuries and Disorders Lesiones y enfermedades del pie Salud del pie Talón, Lesiones y enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Síntomas Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>El hueso del tobillo (astrágalo) y el extremo inferior de los dos huesos de la pierna forman la articulación del tobillo. Los ligamentos, que conectan los huesos entre sí, estabilizan y dan soporte a la articulación. Los músculos y tendones lo mueven. </p> <p>Los problemas más comunes del tobillo son las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">torceduras</a> y las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturas</a> (huesos rotos). Una torcedura o esguince es una lesión en los ligamentos. Los esguinces pueden tardar algunas semanas o hasta varios meses en sanar completamente. Una fractura es una ruptura de un hueso. También pueden ocurrir lesiones en otras partes del tobillo como los tendones, que unen los músculos al hueso, y los cartílagos, que amortiguan los roces e impactos de las articulaciones. Las torceduras y las fracturas del tobillo son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">lesiones deportivas</a> comunes.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Ankle Injuries and Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Lesiones y enfermedades del pie Torceduras y distensiones Tobillo, Lesiones y enfermedades del Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Síntomas Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Síntomas Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Problemas torácicos <h3>¿Qué es el tórax?</h3> <p>El tórax es la parte del cuerpo entre el cuello y el abdomen (vientre). Tórax es el término médico para el pecho.</p> <p>Su tórax contiene muchas estructuras importantes para la respiración, la digestión, la circulación sanguínea y otras funciones importantes del cuerpo. Estas estructuras incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Costillas y esternón</li> <li>Esófago, el conducto entre la boca y el estómago</li> <li>Tráquea</li> <li>Bronquios, los conductos que transportan el aire desde la tráquea hasta los pulmones</li> <li>Pulmones</li> <li>Pleura, una capa delgada de tejido que cubre los pulmones y recubre la pared interior del espacio torácico</li> <li>Corazón y vasos sanguíneos grandes</li> <li>Timo, una glándula que forma parte del sistema inmunitario</li> <li>Nervios</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué son las lesiones y enfermedades del tórax?</h3> <p>Las lesiones y enfermedades torácicos son problemas que afectan cualquiera de los órganos o estructuras ubicados en el tórax.</p> <p>Hay muchos tipos de lesiones y enfermedades del tórax, por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Costillas rotas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html">Enfermedades del esófago</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">Problemas para tragar</a>, también llamados disfagia</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trachealdisorders.html">Enfermedades de la tráquea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bronchialdisorders.html">Problemas de los bronquios</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">Enfermedades pulmonares</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/collapsedlung.html">colapso de pulmón</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pleuraldisorders.html">Trastornos pleurales</a></li> <li>Enfermedades cardíacas</li> <li>Enfermedades del mediastino, tumores, inflamación y otros problemas con las estructuras del mediastino, el espacio entre los pulmones, el esternón y la columna vertebral</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aorticaneurysm.html">Aneurisma de la aorta</a> torácica</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thoracicoutletsyndrome.html">Síndrome de la salida torácica</a></li> </ul> <p>Las lesiones en el tórax pueden ocurrir por la fuerza de accidentes automovilísticos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">caídas</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">lesiones deportivas</a>. El pecho también puede ser perforado por una bala o un objeto punzante. Debido a que el tórax contiene varias estructuras importantes, ciertas lesiones pueden poner en riesgo la vida.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las lesiones y enfermedades del tórax?</h3> <p>El diagnóstico de lesiones o enfermedades torácicas depende del tipo de síntomas que tenga y de si ha tenido una lesión en el tórax. Las lesiones suelen ser obvias, pero en la mayoría de los casos, necesitará pruebas para saber qué tan grave es una lesión.</p> <p>Hay muchos tipos de pruebas para diagnosticar diferentes tipos de lesiones y trastornos del tórax, por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">Pruebas de diagnóstico por imagen</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">Pruebas del corazón</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-funcion-pulmonar/">Pruebas de función pulmonar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/">Broncoscopia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-pleural/">Análisis de líquido pleural</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-disfagia/">Pruebas de disfagia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">Biopsia</a></li> </ul> <p>Los tratamientos dependerán del tipo de lesión o trastorno del tórax que tenga.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Chest Injuries and Disorders Trastornos pleurales Tórax, Lesiones y enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad de Cirujanos Torácicos Daño cerebral traumático Lesión encefálica traumática <h3>¿Qué es una lesión cerebral traumática?</h3> <p>La lesión cerebral traumática es una lesión repentina que causa daño al cerebro. Puede ocurrir por un golpe, impacto o sacudida en la cabeza. Esta es una lesión cerrada de la cabeza. También puede ocurrir cuando un objeto entra al cráneo, lo que se conoce como lesión penetrante.</p> <p>Los síntomas de una lesión cerebral traumática pueden ser leves, moderados o graves. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/concussion.html">conmociones cerebrales</a> son un tipo de lesión cerebral traumática leve. En ocasiones, los efectos de una conmoción cerebral pueden ser graves, pero la mayoría de las personas se recupera por completo. Una lesión cerebral traumática más grave puede provocar síntomas físicos y psicológicos graves, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html">coma</a> e incluso la muerte.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la lesión cerebral traumática?</h3> <p>Las principales causas de lesión cerebral traumática dependen del tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html">lesión en la cabeza</a>:</p> <ul> <li>Algunas de las causas comunes de una lesión cerrada de cabeza incluyen:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">Caídas</a>: Esta es la causa más común en adultos mayores de 65 años</li> <li>Accidentes automovilísticos: Esta es la causa más común en adultos jóvenes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">Lesiones deportivas</a></li> <li>Ser golpeado por un objeto</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html">Maltrato infantil</a>: Esta es la causa más común en niños menores de 4 años</li> <li>Lesiones por explosiones</li> </ul> <li>Algunas de las causas comunes de lesiones penetrantes incluyen:</li> <li>Sufrir heridas por balas o metralla</li> <li>Ser golpeado por un objeto como un martillo, un cuchillo o un bate de béisbol</li> <li>Penetración de fragmento de hueso al cráneo por una lesión en la cabeza </li> </ul> <p>Algunos accidentes, como explosiones, desastres naturales u otros eventos extremos, pueden causar lesiones cerebrales traumáticas cerradas y penetrantes en la misma persona.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de sufrir una lesión cerebral traumática?</h3> <p>Ciertos grupos tienen un mayor riesgo de lesión cerebral traumática:</p> <ul> <li>Los hombres tienen más probabilidades de sufrir una lesión cerebral traumática que las mujeres. También tienen más probabilidades de tener una lesión cerebral traumática grave</li> <li>Los adultos mayores de 65 años tienen un mayor riesgo de ser hospitalizados y morir de una lesión cerebral traumática</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la lesión cerebral traumática (TBI)?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de una lesión cerebral traumática dependen del tipo de lesión y de la gravedad del daño cerebral.</p> <p>Los síntomas de una <strong>lesión cerebral traumática leve</strong> pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Breve pérdida de conciencia en algunos casos. Sin embargo, muchas personas con una lesión cerebral traumática leve permanecen conscientes después de la lesión</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li>Confusión</li> <li>Aturdimiento</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a></li> <li>Visión borrosa u ojos cansados</li> <li>Zumbido en los oídos</li> <li>Mal sabor en la boca</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a> o letargo</li> <li>Cambio en los patrones de sueño</li> <li>Cambios de comportamiento o de estado de ánimo</li> <li>Problemas con la memoria, la concentración, la atención o el pensamiento</li> </ul> <p>Si sufre una <strong>lesión cerebral traumática moderada o grave</strong>, puede tener los mismos síntomas. Pero también puede tener otros como:</p> <ul> <li> Dolor de cabeza que empeora o no desaparece</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vómitos</a> o náuseas repetidos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">Convulsiones</a> o espasmos</li> <li>No poder despertarse del sueño</li> <li>Pupilas más dilatadas de lo normal en uno o ambos ojos</li> <li>Problemas para hablar</li> <li>Debilidad o entumecimiento en brazos y piernas</li> <li>Pérdida de coordinación</li> <li>Aumento de la confusión, inquietud o agitación</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la lesión cerebral traumática (TBI)?</h3> <p>Si tiene una lesión en la cabeza u otro trauma que pueda haber causado una lesión cerebral traumática, debe obtener atención médica lo antes posible. Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y los detalles de su lesión</li> <li>Hará un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/">examen neurológico</a></li> <li>Puede realizar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de imagen</a>, como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a></li> <li>Puede usar una herramienta como la escala de coma de Glasgow para determinar qué tan grave es la lesión cerebral traumática. Esta escala mide su capacidad para abrir los ojos, hablar y moverse</li> <li>Puede realizar pruebas neuropsicológicas para verificar qué tan bien funciona su cerebro</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la lesión cerebral traumática?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para la lesión cerebral traumática dependen de muchos factores, incluyendo el tamaño, la gravedad y la ubicación de la lesión cerebral.</p> <p>Para una <strong>lesión cerebral traumática leve</strong>, el tratamiento principal es el descanso. Si le duele la cabeza, puede tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> de venta libre. Es importante seguir las instrucciones de su profesional de la salud para obtener un descanso completo y un regreso gradual a sus actividades normales. Si comienza a hacer demasiadas actividades muy pronto, puede demorar más en recuperarse. Póngase en contacto con su médico si sus síntomas no mejoran o si aparecen síntomas nuevos. </p><p>Para una <strong>lesión cerebral traumática moderada a severa</strong>, lo primero que hará el profesional de la salud es estabilizarlo para evitar más lesiones. Controlará su presión arterial, la presión dentro de su cráneo y se asegurará de que llegue suficiente sangre y oxígeno a su cerebro.</p> <p>Una vez que esté estable, los tratamientos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cirugía</strong> para reducir el daño adicional a su cerebro, por ejemplo para:</li> <ul> <li> Eliminar hematomas (sangre coagulada)</li> <li>Eliminar el tejido cerebral dañado o muerto</li> <li>Reparar fracturas de cráneo</li> <li>Aliviar la presión en el cráneo</li> </ul> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong> para tratar los síntomas de lesión cerebral traumática y reducir algunos de los riesgos asociados, como:</li> <ul> <li>Medicamentos contra la ansiedad para disminuir los sentimientos de nerviosismo y miedo</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">Anticoagulantes</a> para prevenir la formación de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulos sanguíneos</a></li> <li>Anticonvulsivos para prevenir las convulsiones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">Antidepresivos</a> para tratar los síntomas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y problemas del estado de ánimo</li> <li>Relajantes musculares para reducir los espasmos musculares</li> <li>Estimulantes para aumentar el estado de alerta y la atención</li> </ul> <li> <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rehabilitation.html">Terapias de rehabilitación</a></strong>: Pueden incluir terapias para problemas físicos, emocionales y cognitivos:</li> <ul> <li>Terapia física: Para desarrollar fuerza física, coordinación y flexibilidad</li> <li>Terapia ocupacional, para ayudarle a realizar tareas diarias como vestirse, cocinar y bañarse</li> <li>Terapia del habla: Para ayudarle con el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">habla y otras habilidades de comunicación</a> y tratar los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">problemas para tragar</a></li> <li>Consejería psicológica: Para ayudarle a aprender habilidades de afrontamiento, trabajar en sus relaciones interpersonales y mejorar su bienestar emocional</li> <li>Orientación vocacional: Se centra en su capacidad para volver al trabajo y enfrentar los desafíos laborales</li> <li>Terapia cognitiva: Para mejorar su memoria, atención, percepción, aprendizaje, planificación y juicio</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Algunas personas con lesión cerebral traumática pueden tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html">discapacidades</a> permanentes. También puede ponerle en riesgo de otros problemas de salud como ansiedad, depresión y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">trastorno de estrés postraumático</a>. El tratamiento de estos problemas puede mejorar su calidad de vida.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la lesión cerebral traumática?</h3> <p>Existen pasos que puede tomar para prevenir lesiones en la cabeza y lesiones cerebrales traumáticas:</p> <ul> <li>Siempre use el cinturón de seguridad y use asientos para el automóvil y asientos elevados para niños</li> <li> Nunca <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impaireddriving.html">conduzca</a> bajo la influencia de drogas o alcohol</li> <li>Use un casco al andar en bicicleta, andar en patineta y practicar deportes como hockey y fútbol. Asegúrese que le quede bien ajustado a su cabeza</li> <li>Prevenga caídas al:</li> <ul> <li> Hacer su casa más segura. Por ejemplo, puede instalar barandas en las escaleras y barras para sujetarse en la bañera, elimine los peligros de tropiezos y use protectores de ventanas y puertas de seguridad para niños pequeños</li> <li>Mejore su equilibrio y fuerza al hacer actividad física regular</li> </ul> </ul> Cerebro y nervios Lesiones y heridas Traumatic Brain Injury Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Coma Conmoción cerebral Lesiones en la cabeza Bebé sacudido, Síndrome Cerebro, Trauma Síndrome de bebé sacudido Trauma cerebral Trauma del cráneo Traumatismo cerebral y de cabeza Traumatismo craneoencefálico Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Síntomas Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <h3>¿Qué es la leucemia?</h3> <p>Se conoce como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html">leucemia</a> al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:</p><ul> <li>Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones</li> <li>Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos</li> <li>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html">plaquetas </a> ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado</li> </ul> <p> Cuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de leucemia?</h3> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de leucemia. El tipo de leucemia que tenga depende del tipo de glóbulo que se convierte en cáncer y de si crece rápida o lentamente.</p> <p>El tipo de glóbulo puede ser:</p><ul> <li><strong>Linfocitos</strong>: Un tipo de glóbulo blanco</li> <li><strong>Células mieloides</strong>: Células inmaduras que se convierten en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos o plaquetas</li> </ul> <p>Los diferentes tipos pueden crecer de forma rápida o lenta:</p><ul> <li>La <strong>leucemia aguda</strong> crece rápidamente. Por lo general, empeora rápidamente si no se trata</li> <li>La <strong>leucemia crónica</strong> es de crecimiento lento. Por lo general, empeora durante un período de tiempo más prolongado</li> </ul> <p>Los principales tipos de leucemia son:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html">Leucemia linfocítica aguda</a></strong>: Es el tipo de cáncer más común en niños. También puede afectar a los adultos</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutemyeloidleukemia.html">Leucemia mielógena aguda</a></strong>: Es más común en los adultos mayores, pero también puede afectar a los niños</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html">Leucemia linfocítica crónica</a></strong>: Es uno de los tipos más comunes de leucemia en adultos. A menudo ocurre durante o después de la mediana edad</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html">Leucemia mielógena crónica</a></strong>: En general, se presenta en adultos durante o después de la mediana edad</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa la leucemia?</h3> <p>La leucemia ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. No se conoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos.</p> <h3>¿Quiénes presentan mayor riesgo de tener leucemia?</h3> <p>Para los tipos específicos, existen diferentes factores que pueden aumentar su riesgo de presentar ese tipo. En general, su riesgo de leucemia aumenta con la edad. Es más común después de los 60 años.</p> <h3> ¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia?</h3> <p>Algunos de los síntomas de la leucemia pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Sensación de cansancio</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a> o sudores nocturnos</li> <li>Fácil aparición de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html">moretones</a> o sangrado</li> <li>Pérdida de peso o del apetito</li> <li>Petequias (pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la piel. Son causadas por sangrado)</li> </ul> <p>Otros síntomas de leucemia pueden variar de un tipo a otro. Es posible que la leucemia crómica no cause síntomas al principio.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar la leucemia:</p><ul> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Su historia clínica</li> <li>Análisis de sangre, como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">conteo sanguíneo completo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/">Pruebas de médula ósea</a>: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">Pruebas genéticas</a> para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos</li> </ul> <p>Una vez que el profesional de la salud hace un diagnóstico, es posible que se realicen pruebas adicionales para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estos incluyen pruebas por imágenes y una punción lumbar, que es un procedimiento para recolectar y analizar el líquido cefalorraquídeo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para la leucemia dependen del tipo que tenga, la gravedad de la leucemia, su edad, su salud en general y otros factores. Algunos tratamientos pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Radioterapia</a></li> <li>Quimioterapia con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html">trasplante de células madre</a></li> <li>Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Sangre, corazón y circulación Leukemia Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Leucemia en niños Leucemia linfocítica aguda Leucemia linfocítica crónica Leucemia mielógena aguda Leucemia mielógena crónica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <h3>¿Qué es la leucemia?</h3> <p>Se conoce como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html">leucemia</a> al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:</p> <ul> <li>Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones</li> <li>Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos</li> <li>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html">plaquetas </a> ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado</li> </ul> <p>Cuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de leucemia en los niños?</h3> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de leucemia. Algunos son agudos (de crecimiento rápido). Por lo general, empeoran rápidamente si no se tratan. La mayoría de las leucemias infantiles son agudas:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Leucemia linfocítica aguda (LLA)</strong>: Es el tipo de leucemia más común en los niños y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerinchildren.html">cáncer en los niños</a> más común. En la leucemia linfocítica aguda, la médula ósea produce demasiados linfocitos, un tipo de glóbulo blanco</li> <li><strong>Leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA)</strong>: Ocurre cuando la médula ósea produce mieloblastos anormales (un tipo de glóbulo blanco), glóbulos rojos o plaquetas</li> </ul> <p>Otros tipos de leucemia son crónicos (de crecimiento lento). Por lo general, empeoran durante un período de tiempo más prolongado. Son raros en niños:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Leucemia linfocítica crónica (LLC)</strong>: La médula ósea produce linfocitos anormales (un tipo de glóbulo blanco). Es más común en adolescentes que en niños</li> <li><strong>Leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC)</strong>: La médula ósea produce granulocitos anormales (un tipo de glóbulo blanco). Es muy raro en los niños</li> </ul> <p>Hay algunos otros tipos raros de leucemia en los niños, incluyendo leucemia mielomonocítica juvenil (LMMJ).</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la leucemia en los niños?</h3> <p>La leucemia ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. No se conoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos. Sin embargo, existen ciertos factores que aumentan el riesgo de leucemia infantil.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en mayor riesgo de padecer leucemia en niños?</h3> <p>Los factores que aumentan el riesgo de leucemia infantil incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Tener un hermano o hermana con leucemia, especialmente un gemelo</li> <li>Tratamiento anterior con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html">Exposición a la radiación</a>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a></li> <li>Tener ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">afecciones genéticas</a>, como:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ataxiatelangiectasia.html">Ataxia telangiectasia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html">Síndrome de Down</a></li> <li>Anemia de Fanconi</li> <li>Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurofibromatosis.html">Neurofibromatosis</a> tipo 1</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Existen otros factores que pueden aumentar el riesgo de tener uno o más de los tipos específicos de leucemia infantil.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia en los niños?</h3> <p>Algunos de los síntomas de la leucemia pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Sensación de cansancio</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a> o sudores nocturnos</li> <li>Fácil aparición de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html">moretones</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html">sangrado</a></li> <li>Pérdida de peso o del apetito</li> <li>Petequias (pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la piel. Son causadas por sangrado)</li> </ul> <p>Otros síntomas de leucemia pueden variar de un tipo a otro. Es posible que la leucemia crónica no cause síntomas al principio.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia en niños?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar la leucemia:</p> <ul> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Historia clínica</li> <li>Análisis de sangre, como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">conteo sanguíneo completo</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/">Pruebas de médula ósea</a>: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">Pruebas genéticas</a> para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos</li> </ul> <p>Una vez que se obtiene un diagnóstico de leucemia, se pueden realizar otras pruebas para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas por imágenes</a> y una punción lumbar, que es un procedimiento para recolectar y analizar el líquido cefalorraquídeo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia en niños?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para la leucemia dependen del tipo de leucemia, la gravedad de la leucemia, la edad del niño y otros factores. Los posibles tratamientos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a></li> <li>Quimioterapia con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html">trasplante de células madre</a></li> <li>Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales</li> </ul> <p>A menudo, el tratamiento de la leucemia infantil tiene éxito. Sin embargo, los tratamientos pueden causar complicaciones en ese momento o más adelante en la vida. Los niños que sobreviven a la leucemia necesitarán seguimiento por el resto de sus vidas para vigilar y tratar cualquier complicación que puedan tener.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Niños y adolescentes Sangre, corazón y circulación Sistema inmunitario Childhood Leukemia Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Leucemia Leucemia linfocítica aguda Leucemia linfocítica crónica Leucemia mielógena aguda Leucemia mielógena crónica Chicos, Leucemia en Niños, Leucemia en Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Síntomas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Leucemia linfoblástica aguda <h3>¿Qué es la leucemia?</h3> <p>Se conoce como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html">leucemia</a> al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:</p> <ul> <li>Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones</li> <li>Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos</li> <li>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html">plaquetas </a> ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado</li> </ul> <p>Cuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la leucemia linfocítica aguda?</h3> <p>La leucemia linfocítica aguda es un tipo de leucemia aguda. También se conoce como leucemia linfoblástica aguda. El término aguda significa que la leucemia generalmente empeora rápidamente si no se trata. Este es el tipo de cáncer más común en los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html">niños</a>. También puede afectar a los adultos.</p> <p>En la leucemia linfocítica aguda, la médula ósea produce demasiados linfocitos, un tipo de glóbulo blanco. Normalmente, estas células ayudan al cuerpo a combatir las infecciones. Pero en la leucemia linfocítica aguda, son anormales y no pueden combatir bien las infecciones. También desplazan a las células sanas, lo que puede provocar infecciones, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia</a> y sangrado fácil. Estas células anormales también pueden propagarse a otras partes del cuerpo, incluyendo el cerebro y la médula espinal.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la leucemia linfocítica aguda?</h3> <p>La leucemia linfocítica aguda ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. No se conoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos. Sin embargo, existen ciertos factores que aumentan el riesgo de tener leucemia linfocítica aguda.</p> <h3>¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de padecer leucemia linfocítica aguda?</h3> <p>Los factores que aumentan el riesgo de tener leucemia linfocítica aguda incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Ser hombre</li> <li>Ser blanco</li> <li>Tener más de 70 años</li> <li>Haber recibido <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a></li> <li>Haber estado expuesto a altos niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html">radiación</a></li> <li>Tener ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">trastornos genéticos</a>, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html">síndrome de Down</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia linfocítica aguda?</h3> <p>Los signos y síntomas de leucemia linfocítica aguda incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Debilidad o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">cansancio</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a> o sudores nocturnos</li> <li>Fácil aparición de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html">moretones</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html">sangrado</a></li> <li>Petequias (pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la piel causados por el sangrado)</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Dificultad para respirar</a></li> <li>Pérdida de peso o de apetito</li> <li>Dolor en los huesos o el estómago</li> <li>Dolor o sensación de saciedad debajo de las costillas</li> <li>Ganglios linfáticos inflamados. Es posible que los note como bultos indoloros en el cuello, las axilas, el estómago o la ingle</li> <li> Haber tenido muchas infecciones</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia linfocítica aguda?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede usar varias pruebas y procedimientos para diagnosticar la leucemia linfocítica aguda y determinar qué subtipo tiene, por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Su historia clínica</li> <li>Análisis de sangre, como:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">Conteo sanguíneo completo</a> con diferencial</li> <li>Pruebas de química sanguínea: Miden diferentes sustancias en la sangre, incluyendo electrolitos, grasas, proteínas, glucosa (azúcar) y enzimas. Algunas de las pruebas específicas son un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-basico/">panel metabólico básico</a>, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-completo-pmc/">panel metabólico completo</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">pruebas de función renal</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/">pruebas de función hepática</a> y un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ionograma/">análisis de electrolitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/frotis-de-sangre/">Frotis de sangre</a></li> </ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/">Pruebas de médula ósea</a>: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">Pruebas genéticas</a> para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos</li> </ul> <p>Si le diagnostican leucemia linfocítica aguda, es posible que le realicen pruebas adicionales para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estas incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas por imágenes</a> y una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/">punción lumbar</a>, que es un procedimiento para recolectar y analizar el líquido cefalorraquídeo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia linfocítica aguda?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para leucemia linfocítica aguda incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Quimioterapia</li> <li>Terapia de radiación</li> <li>Quimioterapia con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html">trasplante de células madre</a></li> <li>Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento generalmente se realiza en dos fases:</p> <ul> <li>El objetivo de la primera fase es destruir las células leucémicas en la sangre y la médula ósea. Este tratamiento busca poner a la leucemia en remisión, es decir, que los signos y síntomas del cáncer se reducen o desaparecen</li> <li>La segunda fase se conoce como terapia posterior a la remisión. Su objetivo es prevenir una recaída (regreso) del cáncer. Implica matar las células leucémicas restantes que pueden no estar activas pero que podrían comenzar a volver a crecer</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento durante ambas fases también suele incluir terapia de profilaxis del sistema nervioso central. Esta ayuda a prevenir la propagación de las células leucémicas al cerebro y la médula espinal. Puede ser quimioterapia de dosis alta o quimioterapia inyectada en la médula espinal. En ocasiones, también incluye radioterapia.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Sangre, corazón y circulación Sistema inmunitario Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Leucemia Leucemia en niños Leucemia linfocítica crónica Leucemia mielógena aguda Leucemia mielógena crónica Leucemia aguda en adultos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer LLC <h3>¿Qué es la leucemia?</h3> <p>Se conoce como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html">leucemia</a> al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:</p><ul> <li>Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones</li> <li>Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos</li> <li>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html">plaquetas </a> ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado</li> </ul> <p>Cuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la leucemia linfocítica crónica?</h3> <p>La leucemia linfocítica crónica es un tipo de leucemia crónica. "Crónica" significa que, en general, la leucemia empeora lentamente. En esta afección, la médula ósea produce linfocitos anormales (un tipo de glóbulo blanco). Cuando las células anormales desplazan a las células sanas, puede provocar una infección, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html">sangrado fácil</a>. Las células anormales también pueden diseminarse fuera de la sangre a otras partes del cuerpo.</p> <p>La leucemia linfocítica crónica es uno de los tipos más comunes de leucemia en adultos. A menudo ocurre durante o después de la mediana edad. Es rara en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html">niños</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la leucemia linfocítica crónica?</h3> <p>La leucemia linfocítica crónica ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. No se conoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos, por lo que es difícil predecir quién puede presentar leucemia linfocítica crónica. Hay algunos factores que pueden aumentar su riesgo.</p> <h3>¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de tener leucemia linfocítica crónica?</h3> <p>Es difícil predecir quién puede presentar leucemia linfocítica crónica. Algunos factores que podrían aumentar su riesgo son:</p><ul> <li>Edad: Su riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece. La mayoría de las personas diagnosticadas con la afección tienen más de 50 años</li> <li> Antecedentes familiares de leucemia linfocítica crónica y otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html">enfermedades de la sangre</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html"> médula ósea</a></li> <li>Grupo racial o étnico: La leucemia linfocítica crónica es más común en los blancos que en las personas de otros grupos raciales o étnicos</li> <li> Exposición a ciertos químicos, incluyendo el agente naranja, un químico que se usó en la guerra de Vietnam</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia linfocítica crónica?</h3> <p>Al principio, la leucemia linfocítica crónica no presenta síntomas. Luego, puede tener síntomas como:</p><ul> <li>Ganglios linfáticos inflamados: Es posible que los note como bultos indoloros en el cuello, las axilas, el estómago o la ingle</li> <li>Debilidad o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">cansancio</a></li> <li>Dolor o sensación de saciedad debajo de las costillas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a> e infecciones</li> <li>Fácil aparición de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html">moretones</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html">sangrado</a></li> <li> Petequias (pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la pie causados por el sangrado)</li> <li>Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente</li> <li>Sudores nocturnos abundantes</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia linfocítica crónica?</h3> <p>Su proveedor de atención médica puede utilizar varias pruebas y procedimientos para diagnosticar la leucemia linfocítica crónica, por ejemplo:</p><ul> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Su historia clínica</li> <li>Análisis de sangre, como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">conteo sanguíneo completo</a> con diferencial y análisis de química sanguínea. Los análisis de química sanguínea miden diferentes sustancias en la sangre, incluyendo electrolitos, grasas, proteínas, glucosa (azúcar) y enzimas. Las pruebas de química sanguínea específicas incluyen un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-basico/">panel metabólico básico</a>, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-completo-pmc/">panel metabólico completo</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">pruebas de función renal</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/">pruebas de función hepática</a> y un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ionograma/">análisis de electrolitos</a></li> <li>Pruebas de citometría de flujo: Verifican la presencia de células leucémicas e identifican qué tipo de leucemia es. Las pruebas se pueden realizar en sangre, médula ósea u otro tejido</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">Pruebas genéticas</a> para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos</li> </ul> <p>Si le diagnostican leucemia linfocítica crónica, es posible que le realicen pruebas adicionales para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas por imágenes</a> y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/">médula ósea</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia linfocítica crónica?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para la leucemia linfocítica crónica incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Espera vigilante: Significa que no recibe tratamiento de inmediato. Su profesional de la salud verifica periódicamente si sus signos o síntomas aparecen o cambian</li> <li>Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Terapia de radiación</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Inmunoterapia</a></li> <li>Quimioterapia con trasplante de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">médula ósea</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html">células madre</a></li> </ul> <p>Los objetivos del tratamiento son hacer más lento el crecimiento de las células leucémicas y brindarle períodos prolongados de remisión. Remisión significa que los signos y síntomas del cáncer se reducen o desaparecen. La leucemia linfocítica crónica puede reaparecer después de la remisión y es posible que necesite más tratamiento.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Sangre, corazón y circulación Sistema inmunitario Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Leucemia Leucemia en niños Leucemia linfocítica aguda Leucemia mielógena aguda Leucemia mielógena crónica LLC Leucemia crónica en adultos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Genética Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Leucemia mieloide aguda <h3>¿Qué es la leucemia?</h3> <p>Se conoce como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html">leucemia</a> al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:</p> <ul> <li>Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones</li> <li>Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos</li> <li>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html">plaquetas </a> ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado</li> </ul> <p>Cuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la leucemia mielógena aguda?</h3> <p>La leucemia mielógena aguda, también conocida como leucemia mieloide aguda, es un tipo de leucemia aguda. "Agudo" significa que la leucemia generalmente empeora rápido si no se trata. En esta leucemia, la médula ósea produce mieloblastos anormales (un tipo de glóbulo blanco), glóbulos rojos o plaquetas. Cuando las células anormales desplazan a las células sanas, puede provocar una infección, anemia y sangrado fácil. Las células anormales también pueden diseminarse fuera de la sangre a otras partes del cuerpo.</p> <p>Hay varios subtipos diferentes de leucemia mielógena aguda. Los subtipos se basan en qué tan desarrolladas están las células cancerosas cuando recibe su diagnóstico y qué tan diferentes son de las células normales.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la leucemia mielógena aguda?</h3> <p>Esta leucemia ocurre cuando hay cambios en el material genético (ADN) de las células de la médula ósea. Se desconoce la causa de estos cambios genéticos. Sin embargo, existen ciertos factores que aumentan el riesgo de desarrollar leucemia mielógena aguda.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de padecer leucemia mielógena aguda?</h3> <p>Los factores que aumentan su riesgo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Ser hombre</li> <li>Fumar, especialmente después de los 60 años</li> <li> Haber recibido <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia </a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">radioterapia</a></li> <li>Haber sido tratado por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutelymphocyticleukemia.html">leucemia linfocítica aguda</a> durante la niñez </li> <li>Exposición al benceno químico</li> <li>Antecedentes de otro trastorno sanguíneo como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html">síndromes mielodisplásicos</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia mielógena aguda?</h3> <p>Sus signos y síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Dificultad para respirar</a></li> <li>Fácil aparición de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html">moretones</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html">sangrado</a></li> <li>Petequias, pequeños puntos rojos debajo de la piel. Son causadas por sangrado</li> <li>Debilidad o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">fatiga</a></li> <li>Pérdida de peso o del apetito</li> <li>Dolor de huesos o articulaciones, si las células anormales se acumulan cerca o dentro de los huesos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia mielógena aguda?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas para diagnosticar la leucemia mielógena aguda y determinar qué subtipo tiene:</p><ul> <li> Examen físico</li> <li>Historia clínica</li> <li>Análisis de sangre, como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">conteo sanguíneo completo (CBC)</a> y un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/frotis-de-sangre/">frotis de sangre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/">Pruebas de médula ósea</a>: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">Pruebas genéticas</a> para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos</li> </ul> <p>Si le diagnostican leucemia mielógena aguda, es posible que le realicen pruebas adicionales para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado. Estas incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas por imágenes</a> y una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/">punción lumbar</a>, que es un procedimiento para recolectar y analizar el líquido cefalorraquídeo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia mieloide aguda?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para la leucemia mieloide aguda incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Quimioterapia</li> <li>Radioterapia</li> <li>Quimioterapia con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html">trasplante de células madre</a></li> <li>Otros medicamentos contra el cáncer</li> </ul> <p>A menudo, el tratamiento que reciba depende del subtipo de leucemia que tenga.</p> <p>El tratamiento generalmente se realiza en dos fases:</p> <ul> <li>El objetivo de la primera fase es destruir las células leucémicas en la sangre y la médula ósea. Esto pone la leucemia en remisión, es decir, los signos y síntomas del cáncer se reducen o desaparecen</li> <li>La segunda fase se conoce como terapia posterior a la remisión</li> </ul> <p>Su objetivo es prevenir que reaparezca (regrese) el cáncer. Implica matar las células leucémicas restantes que pueden no estar activas pero que podrían comenzar a volver a crecer.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Sangre, corazón y circulación Acute Myeloid Leukemia Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Leucemia Leucemia en niños Leucemia linfocítica aguda Leucemia linfocítica crónica Leucemia mielógena crónica Leucemia mieloide aguda Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea PDF Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer <h3>¿Qué es la leucemia?</h3> <p>Se conoce como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html">leucemia</a> al cáncer de las células sanguíneas. La leucemia comienza en los tejidos que forman la sangre, como la médula ósea. Su médula ósea produce células que se convertirán en glóbulos blancos, glóbulos rojos y plaquetas. Cada tipo de célula tiene un trabajo diferente:</p> <ul> <li>Los glóbulos blancos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones</li> <li>Los glóbulos rojos transportan oxígeno desde sus pulmones a sus tejidos y órganos</li> <li>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html">plaquetas </a> ayudan a formar coágulos para detener el sangrado</li> </ul> <p>Cuando tiene leucemia, su médula ósea produce una gran cantidad de células anormales. Este problema afecta con mayor frecuencia a los glóbulos blancos. Estas células anormales se acumulan en la médula ósea y la sangre, desplazando a las células sanguíneas sanas y dificultando que las células y la sangre hagan su trabajo.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la leucemia mielógena crónica?</h3> <p>La leucemia mielógena crónica es un tipo de leucemia crónica. "Crónica" significa que, en general, la leucemia empeora lentamente. En la leucemia mielógena crónica, la médula ósea produce granulocitos anormales (un tipo de glóbulo blanco). Estas células anormales también se conocen como blastos. Cuando las células anormales desplazan a las células sanas, puede provocar una infección, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html">sangrado fácil</a>. Las células anormales también pueden diseminarse fuera de la sangre a otras partes del cuerpo.</p> <p>En general, la leucemia mielógena crónica ocurre en adultos durante o después de la mediana edad. Es rara en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodleukemia.html">niños</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la leucemia mielógena crónica?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas con leucemia mielógena crónica tienen un cambio genético llamado cromosoma Filadelfia. Se llama así porque investigadores de Filadelfia lo descubrieron. Las personas normalmente tienen 23 pares de cromosomas en cada célula. Estos cromosomas contienen su ADN (material genético). En la leucemia mielógena crónica, parte del ADN de un cromosoma se traslada a otro cromosoma. Allí se combina con algo de ADN, lo que crea un nuevo gen llamado BCR-ABL. Este gen hace que la médula ósea produzca una proteína anormal. Esta proteína permite que las células leucémicas crezcan sin control.</p> <p>El cromosoma Filadelfia no se transmite de padres a hijos. Sucede a lo largo de la vida. No se conoce su causa.</p> <h3>¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de padecer leucemia mielógena crónica?</h3> <p>Es difícil predecir quién puede tener leucemia mielógena crónica. Algunos factores pueden aumentar su riesgo, como:</p> <ul> <li>Edad: Su riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece</li> <li>Sexo: La leucemia mieloide crónica es un poco más común en hombres</li> <li>Exposición a altas dosis de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html">radiación</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la leucemia mielógena crónica?</h3> <p>A veces, la leucemia mielógena crónica no produce síntomas. Si tiene síntomas, pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Sentirse muy cansado</li> <li>Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente</li> <li>Sudores nocturnos abundantes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li>Dolor o sensación de saciedad debajo de las costillas del lado izquierdo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la leucemia mielógena crónica?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede usar varias pruebas y procedimientos para diagnosticar la leucemia mieloide crónica:</p> <ul> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Su historia clínica</li> <li>Análisis de sangre, como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">conteo sanguíneo completo</a> con diferencial y análisis de química sanguínea. Los análisis de química sanguínea miden diferentes sustancias en la sangre, incluyendo electrolitos, grasas, proteínas, glucosa (azúcar) y enzimas. Las pruebas de química sanguínea específicas incluyen un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-basico/">panel metabólico básico</a>, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/panel-metabolico-completo-pmc/">panel metabólico completo</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">pruebas de función renal</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-funcionales-hepaticas/">pruebas de función hepática</a> y un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ionograma/">análisis de electrolitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-la-medula-osea/">Pruebas de médula ósea</a>: Hay dos tipos principales, aspiración de médula ósea y biopsia de médula ósea. Ambas pruebas implican la extracción de una muestra de médula ósea y hueso. Las muestras se envían a un laboratorio para su análisis</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">Pruebas genéticas</a> para buscar cambios genéticos y cromosómicos, incluyendo pruebas para buscar el cromosoma Filadelfia</li> </ul> <p>Si le diagnostican leucemia mielógena crónica, es posible que le realicen pruebas adicionales, como pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes, para ver si el cáncer se ha diseminado.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son las fases de la leucemia mielógena crónica?</h3> <p>La leucemia mieloide crónica tiene tres fases. Estas se basan en cuánto ha crecido o se ha propagado la afección:</p> <ul> <li>Fase crónica: Menos del 10% de las células de la sangre y la médula ósea son células blásticas (células leucémicas). La mayoría reciben su diagnóstico en esta fase y muchas no presentan síntomas. El tratamiento estándar suele ayudar </li> <li>Fase acelerada: Del 10% al 19% de las células de la sangre y la médula ósea son células blásticas. En esta fase, las personas suelen presentar síntomas y el tratamiento estándar puede no ser tan eficaz como en la fase crónica</li> <li>Fase blástica: El 20% o más de las células de la sangre o la médula ósea son células blásticas. Las células blásticas se han diseminado a otros tejidos y órganos. Si tiene cansancio, fiebre y agrandamiento del bazo durante la fase blástica, se denomina crisis blástica. Es más difícil de tratar</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la leucemia mielógena crónica?</h3> <p>Existen varios tratamientos diferentes para la leucemia mielógena crónica:</p> <ul> <li>Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales. Para la leucemia mieloide crónica, se utilizan medicamentos inhibidores de la tirosina quinasa, los que bloquean una enzima q097809 ue hace que la médula ósea produzca demasiados blastos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Inmunoterapia</a></li> <li>Quimioterapia de dosis alta con trasplante de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html">células madre</a></li> <li> Infusión de linfocitos de donantes: Este es un tratamiento que se puede usar después de un trasplante de células madre. Consiste en administrarle una infusión (en el torrente sanguíneo) de linfocitos sanos del donante de células madre. Los linfocitos son un tipo de glóbulo blanco. Estos linfocitos del donante pueden destruir las células cancerosas restantes</li> <li>Cirugía para extirpar el bazo (esplenectomía)</li> </ul> <p>Los tratamientos que reciba dependerán de la fase en la que se encuentre, su edad, su estado de salud y otros factores. Cuando los signos y síntomas de la leucemia mielógena crónica se reducen o han desaparecido, se denomina remisión. La leucemia mielógena crónica puede reaparecer después de la remisión y es posible que necesite más tratamiento.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Sangre, corazón y circulación Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Leucemia Leucemia en niños Leucemia linfocítica aguda Leucemia linfocítica crónica Leucemia mielógena aguda Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Genética Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer <h3>¿Qué son las leucodistrofias?</h3> <p>Las leucodistrofias son un grupo de <TOPIC ID="3118" LINKTEXT="trastornos genéticos"/> raros que afectan el sistema nervioso central, el que está formado por su cerebro y médula espinal. Las leucodistrofias dañan la sustancia blanca (o materia blanca) de su sistema nervioso central. La sustancia blanca incluye:</p> <ul> <li>Fibras nerviosas: Conectan las células nerviosas, también se conocen como axones</li> <li>Mielina: Capa de proteínas y materia grasa que recubre y protege las fibras nerviosas. También ayuda a acelerar las señales entre las células nerviosas</li> </ul> <p>Cuando la sustancia blanca está dañada, puede hacer más lentas o bloquear las señales entre las células nerviosas. Esto puede causar muchos síntomas diferentes, incluyendo problemas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html">movimiento</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">vista</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">audición </a>y pensamiento.</p> <p>Hay más de 50 tipos de leucodistrofias. Algunos tipos están presentes al nacer, mientras que otros pueden no causar síntomas hasta que el niño comienza a caminar. Algunos tipos afectan principalmente a los adultos. La mayoría de los tipos empeoran con el tiempo.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa las leucodistrofias?</h3> <p>Las leucodistrofias son causadas por cambios genéticos. En general, estos cambios se heredan, lo que significa que se transmiten de padres a hijos.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las leucodistrofias?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de las leucodistrofias dependen del tipo. Pueden incluir una pérdida gradual de:</p> <ul> <li>Tono muscular</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html">Equilibrio</a> y movilidad</li> <li>El caminar</li> <li>El habla</li> <li>Habilidad para comer</li> <li>La visión</li> <li>El escuchar</li> <li>El comportamiento</li> </ul> <p>También puede haber otros síntomas, como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html">Problemas del aprendizaje</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bladderdiseases.html">Problemas de la vejiga</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas respiratorios</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html">Problemas del desarrollo</a></li> <li>Trastornos del control muscular</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">Convulsiones</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las leucodistrofias?</h3> <p>Las leucodistrofias pueden ser difíciles de diagnosticar porque hay muchos tipos diferentes que pueden tener síntomas distintos. Su profesional de la salud puede hacer un diagnóstico al evaluar:</p> <ul> <li>Exámenes físicos y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/">neurológicos</a> </li> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre antecedentes familiares</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">Pruebas de imágenes</a>, como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">Pruebas genéticas</a> para buscar cambios genéticos que podrían causar leucodistrofias</li> <li>Pruebas de laboratorio</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las leucodistrofias?</h3> <p>No existe cura para las leucodistrofias. El tratamiento busca aliviar los síntomas y brindar apoyo. Puede incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Medicamentos para controlar el tono muscular, las convulsiones y la rigidez muscular (espasticidad)</li> <li>Terapias físicas, ocupacionales y del habla para mejorar la movilidad, la función y los problemas cognitivos</li> <li>Terapia nutricional para problemas de alimentación y para tragar</li> <li>Programas educativos y recreativos</li> </ul> <p>El trasplante de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html">células madre</a> o de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">médula ósea</a> puede ayudar en algunos tipos de leucodistrofia.</p> <p>Un tipo de leucodistrofia, xantomatosis cerebrotendinosa (CTX), es tratable si se diagnostica temprano. Se trata con terapia de reemplazo de ácido quenodesoxicólico.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Problemas del metabolismo Leukodystrophies Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Enfermedades neurodegenerativas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea PDF <h3>What is leukemia?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leukemia.html">Leukemia</a> is a term for cancers of the blood cells. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues such as the bone marrow. Your bone marrow makes the cells which will develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Each type of cell has a different job:</p><ul> <li>White blood cells help your body fight infection</li> <li>Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plateletdisorders.html">Platelets</a> help form clots to stop bleeding</li> </ul> <p>When you have leukemia, your bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal cells. This problem most often happens with white blood cells. These abnormal cells build up in your bone marrow and blood. They crowd out the healthy blood cells and make it hard for your cells and blood to do their work.</p> <h3>What are the types of leukemia?</h3> <p>There are different types of leukemia. Which type of leukemia you have depends on the type of blood cell that becomes cancer and whether it grows quickly or slowly.</p> <p>The type of blood cell could be:</p><ul> <li><strong>Lymphocytes,</strong> a type of white blood cell</li> <li><strong>Myeloid cells,</strong> immature cells that become white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets</li> </ul> <p>The different types can grow quickly or slowly:</p><ul> <li><strong>Acute leukemia</strong> is fast growing. It usually gets worse quickly if it's not treated.</li> <li><strong>Chronic leukemia</strong> is slow growing. It usually gets worse over a longer period of time.</li> </ul> <p>The main types of leukemia are:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="acutelymphocyticleukemia.html" tid="1437">Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)</a>,</strong> which is the most common type of cancer in children. It can also affect adults.</li> <li><strong><a href="acutemyeloidleukemia.html" tid="5622">Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)</a>,</strong> which is more common in older adults but can also affect children</li> <li><strong><a href="chroniclymphocyticleukemia.html" tid="87">Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)</a>,</strong> which is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. It often occurs during or after middle age.</li> <li><strong><a href="chronicmyeloidleukemia.html" tid="5624">Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)</a>,</strong> which usually occurs in adults during or after middle age</li> </ul> <h3>What causes leukemia?</h3> <p>Leukemia happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA) in bone marrow cells. The cause of these genetic changes is unknown.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for leukemia?</h3> <p>For the specific types, there are different factors which can raise your risk of getting that type. Overall, your risk of leukemia goes up as you age. It is most common over age 60.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of leukemia?</h3> <p>Some of the symptoms of leukemia may include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Feeling tired</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a> or night sweats</li> <li>Easy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html">bruising</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html">bleeding</a></li> <li>Weight loss or loss of appetite</li> <li>Petechiae, which are tiny red dots under the skin. They are caused by bleeding.</li> </ul> <p>Other leukemia symptoms can be different from type to type. Chromic leukemia may not cause symptoms at first.</p> <h3>How is leukemia diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose leukemia:</p><ul> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>A medical history</li> <li>Blood tests, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">complete blood count (CBC)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-marrow-tests/">Bone marrow tests</a>. There are two main types - bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy. Both tests involve removing a sample of bone marrow and bone. The samples are sent to a lab for testing.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">Genetic tests</a> to look for gene and chromosome changes</li> </ul> <p>Once the provider makes a diagnosis, there may be additional tests to see whether the cancer has spread. These include imaging tests and a lumbar puncture, which is a procedure to collect and test cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).</p> <h3>What are the treatments for leukemia?</h3> <p>The treatments for leukemia depend on which type you have, how severe the leukemia is, your age, your overall health, and other factors. Some possible treatments might include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a></li> <li>Chemotherapy with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">stem cell transplant</a></li> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Blood, Heart and Circulation Leucemia Leukemia Spanish National Cancer Institute Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia Childhood Leukemia Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Hairy Cell Leukemia Specifics Lymphoma Research Foundation Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Find an Expert American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Diagnosis and Tests Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Start Here Leukemia & Lymphoma Society PDF Specifics American Cancer Society <h3>What are leukodystrophies?</h3> <p>Leukodystrophies are a group of rare <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticbraindisorders.html">genetic disorders</a> that affect the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is made up of your brain and spinal cord. Leukodystrophies damage the white matter of your CNS. The white matter includes:</p><ul> <li>Nerve fibers, also called axons, which connect your nerve cells</li> <li>Myelin, a layer of proteins and fatty materials that covers and protects the nerve fibers. It also helps speed up signals between the nerve cells.</li> </ul> <p>When the white matter is damaged, it can slow down or block the signals between nerve cells. This can cause many different symptoms, including trouble with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html">movement</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">vision</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">hearing</a>, and thinking.</p> <p>There are over 50 types of leukodystrophies. Some types are present at birth, while others may not cause symptoms until a child becomes a toddler. A few types mainly affect adults. Most types get worse over time.</p> <h3>What causes leukodystrophies?</h3> <p>Leukodystrophies are caused by genetic changes. These changes are usually inherited, meaning that they are passed from parent to child.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of leukodystrophies?</h3> <p>The symptoms of leukodystrophies depend on the type; they can include a gradual loss of:</p><ul> <li>Muscle tone</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html">Balance</a> and mobility</li> <li>Walking</li> <li>Speech</li> <li>Ability to eat</li> <li>Vision</li> <li>Hearing</li> <li>Behavior</li> </ul> <p>There can also be other symptoms, such as:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html">Learning disabilities</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html">Bladder issues</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Breathing problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html">Developmental disabilities</a></li> <li>Muscle control disorders</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">Seizures</a></li> </ul> <h3>How are leukodystrophies diagnosed?</h3> <p>Leukodystrophies can be hard to diagnose because there are so many different types which can have different symptoms. Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>Physical and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/">neurological</a> exams</li> <li>A medical history, including asking about family history</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Imaging tests</a>, such as an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">Genetic testing</a> to look for genetic changes that could cause leukodystrophies</li> <li>Lab tests</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for leukodystrophies?</h3> <p>There is no cure for leukodystrophies. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and providing support. It may include:</p><ul> <li>Medicines to manage muscle tone, seizures, and spasticity (muscle stiffness)</li> <li>Physical, occupational, and speech therapies to improve mobility, function, and cognitive problems</li> <li>Nutritional therapy for eating and swallowing problems</li> <li>Educational and recreational programs</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">Stem cell</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">bone marrow</a> transplantation can be helpful for a few types of leukodystrophy.</p> <p>One type of leukodystrophy, CTX, is treatable if it is diagnosed early. It is treated with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) replacement therapy.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke </p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Metabolic Problems Leucodistrofias Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic Canavan Disease Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Degenerative Nerve Diseases Adrenoleukodystrophy Canavan Disease Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Marrow Donor Program Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here United Leukodystrophy Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Dementia with Lewy bodies LBD Lewy body disease Parkinson's disease dementia <h3>What is Lewy body dementia (LBD)?</h3> <p>Lewy body dementia (LBD) is one of the most common types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html">dementia</a> in older adults. Dementia is a loss of mental functions that is severe enough to affect your daily life and activities. These functions include:</p><ul> <li>Memory</li> <li>Language skills</li> <li>Visual perception (your ability to make sense of what you see)</li> <li>Problem solving</li> <li>Trouble with everyday tasks</li> <li>The ability to focus and pay attention</li> </ul> <h3>What are the types of Lewy body dementia (LBD)?</h3> <p>There are two types of LBD: dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia.</p> <p>Both types cause the same changes in the brain. And, over time, they can cause similar symptoms. The main difference is in when the cognitive (thinking) and movement symptoms start.</p> <p>Dementia with Lewy bodies causes problems with thinking ability that seem similar to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a>. Later, it also causes other symptoms, such as movement symptoms, visual hallucinations, and certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">sleep disorders</a>. It also causes more trouble with mental activities than with memory.</p> <p>Parkinson's disease dementia starts as a movement disorder. It first causes the symptoms of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson's disease</a>: slowed movement, muscle stiffness, tremor, and a shuffling walk. Later on, it causes dementia.</p> <h3>What causes Lewy body dementia (LBD)?</h3> <p>LBD happens when Lewy bodies build up in parts of the brain that control memory, thinking, and movement. Lewy bodies are abnormal deposits of a protein called alpha-synuclein. Researchers don't know exactly why these deposits form. But they do know that other diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, also involve a build-up of that protein.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for Lewy body dementia (LBD)?</h3> <p>The biggest risk factor for LBD is age; most people who get it are over age 50. People who have a family history of LBD are also at higher risk.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of Lewy body dementia (LBD)?</h3> <p>LBD is a progressive disease. This means that the symptoms start slowly and get worse over time. The most common symptoms include changes in cognition, movement, sleep, and behavior:</p><ul> <li><strong>Dementia</strong>, which is a loss of mental functions that is severe enough to affect your daily life and activities</li> <li><strong>Changes in concentration, attention, alertness, and wakefulness.</strong> These changes usually happen from day to day. But sometimes they can also happen throughout the same day.</li> <li><strong>Visual hallucinations</strong>, which means seeing things that are not there</li> <li><strong>Problems with movement and posture</strong>, including slowness of movement, difficulty walking, and muscle stiffness. These are called parkinsonian motor symptoms.</li> <li><strong>REM sleep behavior disorder</strong>, a condition in which a person seems to act out dreams. It may include vivid dreaming, talking in one's sleep, violent movements, or falling out of bed. This may be the earliest symptom of LBD in some people. It can appear several years before any other LBD symptoms.</li> <li><strong>Changes in behavior and mood</strong>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, and apathy (a lack of interest in normal daily activities or events)</li> </ul> <p>In the early stages of LBD, symptoms can be mild, and people can function fairly normally. As the disease gets worse, people with LBD need more help due to problems with thinking and movement. In the later stages of the disease, they often cannot care for themselves.</p> <h3>How is Lewy body dementia (LBD) diagnosed?</h3> <p>There isn't one test that can diagnose LBD. It is important to see an experienced doctor to get a diagnosis. This would usually be a specialist such as a neurologist. The doctor will:</p><ul> <li>Do a medical history, including taking a detailed account of the symptoms. The doctor will talk to both the patient and caregivers.</li> <li>Do physical and neurological exams</li> <li>Do tests to rule out other conditions that could cause similar symptoms. These could include blood tests and brain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>.</li> <li>Do neuropsychological tests to evaluate memory and other cognitive functions</li> </ul> <p>LBD can be hard to diagnose, because Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease cause similar symptoms. Scientists think that Lewy body disease might be related to these diseases, or that they sometimes happen together.</p> <p>It's also important to know which type of LBD a person has, so the doctor can treat that type's particular symptoms. It also helps the doctor understand how the disease will affect the person over time. The doctor makes a diagnosis based on when certain symptoms start:</p><ul> <li>If cognitive symptoms start within a year of movement problems, the diagnosis is dementia with Lewy bodies</li> <li>If cognitive problems start more than a year after the movement problems, the diagnosis is Parkinson's disease dementia</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for Lewy body dementia (LBD)?</h3> <p>There is no cure for LBD, but treatments can help with the symptoms:</p><ul> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> may help with some of the cognitive, movement, and psychiatric symptoms</li> <li><strong>Physical therapy</strong> can help with movement problems</li> <li><strong>Occupational therapy</strong> may help find ways to more easily do everyday activities</li> <li><strong>Speech therapy</strong> may help with swallowing difficulties and trouble speaking loudly and clearly</li> <li><strong>Mental health counseling</strong> can help people with LBD and their families learn how to manage difficult emotions and behaviors. It can also help them plan for the future.</li> <li><strong>Music or art therapy</strong> may reduce anxiety and improve well-being</li> </ul> <p>Support groups can also be helpful for people with LBD and their caregivers. Support groups can give emotional and social support. They are also a place where people can share tips about how to deal with day-to-day challenges.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy Lewy Body Disease Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Alzheimer's Disease Dementia Parkinson's Disease Dementia with Lewy Bodies Start Here Lewy Body Dementia Association NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Reference Desk Alzheimer's Association Living With Lewy Body Dementia Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests Lewy Body Dementia Association Diagnosis and Tests Lewy Body Dementia Association Symptoms Lewy Body Dementia Association Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert Lewy Body Dementia Association Statistics and Research Lewy Body Dementia Association Treatments and Therapies Lewy Body Dementia Association Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH <p>Members of the LGBTQIA+ community include people who are:</p><ul> <li><strong>L</strong>esbian</li> <li><strong>G</strong>ay</li> <li><strong>B</strong>isexual</li> <li><strong>T</strong>ransgender</li> <li><strong>Q</strong>ueer or <strong>Q</strong>uestioning</li> <li><strong>I</strong>ntersex</li> <li><strong>A</strong>sexual</li> <li>Elsewhere on the gender and sexuality spectrum or allies to the community</li> </ul> <p>On this page you'll find information about health issues that are specific to the LGBTQIA+ community.</p> Women Men Population Groups Sexual Health Issues Salud LGBTQIA+ Homosexuality Sexual and Gender Minorities Bisexuality Transgender Persons Health Services for Transgender Persons Spanish Bisexual Health Homosexuality Lesbian Health Transgender Health Men Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Department of Health and Human Services Men American Cancer Society Women American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Society for Reproductive Medicine PDF Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children American Academy of Pediatrics Children American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ Equality Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Older Adults Alzheimer's Association PDF Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Men Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ Equality Start Here Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Men GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ Equality Women GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBTQ Equality Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services Cirugía de esterilización femenina Esterilización tubárica Ligadura tubárica Ligar las trompas Pomeroy Procedimiento histeroscópico de oclusión de las trompas <p>La ligadura de trompas es un tipo de cirugía que se realiza en las mujeres para prevenir el embarazo. Es una forma permanente de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">anticoncepción</a> y es efectiva de inmediato. </p> <p>La cirugía corta, anuda o sella las trompas de Falopio. Esto bloquea el camino entre los ovarios y el útero. El esperma no puede llegar al óvulo para fertilizarlo, y el óvulo no puede llegar al útero. La cirugía se realiza en un hospital o en un centro de cirugía ambulatoria. Generalmente lleva cerca de 30 minutos. La mayoría de las mujeres vuelve a su hogar el mismo día y pueden retomar sus actividades cotidianas a los pocos días. </p> <p>La ligadura de trompas puede revertirse, pero no siempre. Este procedimiento es una cirugía mayor y no siempre funciona.</p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Tubal Ligation Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Pomeroy Trompas, Ligadura Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>People can lose all or part of an arm or leg for many reasons. Common ones include:</p> <ul> <li>Problems with the flow of blood through your body. These may be the result of atherosclerosis or diabetes. Severe cases may result in amputation (the surgical removal of a limb).</li> <li>Injuries, including from traffic accidents and military combat.</li> <li>Cancer.</li> <li>Birth defects.</li> </ul> <p>Some amputees have phantom pain, which is the feeling of pain in the missing limb. Other physical problems include surgical complications and skin problems if you wear an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/artificiallimbs.html">artificial limb</a>. Many amputees use an artificial limb. Learning how to use it takes time. Physical therapy can help you adapt.</p> <p>Recovery from the loss of a limb can be hard. Sadness, anger, and frustration are common. If you are having a tough time, talk to your health care provider. Treatment with medicine or counseling can help.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Pérdida de extremidades Amputees Spanish Artificial Limbs Amputation Phantom Limb Prevention and Risk Factors Occupational Safety and Health Administration PDF Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Older Adults Amputee Coalition of America Prevention and Risk Factors American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Living With Amputee Coalition of America Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Amputee Coalition of America PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Amputee Coalition of America Children Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Amputee Coalition of America Journal Articles Living With Merck & Co., Inc. Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Amputee Coalition of America Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Amputee Coalition of America Related Issues Amputee Coalition of America <h3>¿Dónde se encuentran los gérmenes?</h3> <p>Los gérmenes son parte de la vida diaria. Algunos de ellos son beneficiosos, pero otros son dañinos y causan enfermedades. Se pueden encontrar en todas partes, en el aire, suelo y agua. Están en nuestra piel y en nuestro cuerpo. Los gérmenes también están en las superficies y los objetos que tocamos.</p> <p>En ocasiones, esos gérmenes pueden contagiarle y enfermarlo. Por ejemplo, podría haber gérmenes en el control remoto de un televisor. Usted podría infectarse con los gérmenes si toca el control remoto y luego se frota los ojos o la nariz; o come con las manos.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo evitar contraer gérmenes de superficies y objetos?</h3> <p>Para evitar infectarse con gérmenes de superficies y objetos, es importante <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">lavarse las manos</a> con frecuencia. Pero no puede lavarse las manos cada vez que toca algo. Por ello, también es importante limpiar y desinfectar superficies y objetos con regularidad.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la diferencia entre limpiar, sanitizar y desinfectar?</h3> <p>Algunas personas piensan que desinfectar es lo mismo que limpiar o sanitizar (también llamado higienizar o sanear). Pero estos son diferentes.:</p><ul> <li>La <strong>limpieza</strong> elimina la suciedad, el polvo, las migas y los gérmenes de las superficies u objetos. Cuando limpie, probablemente usará jabón (o detergente) y agua para limpiar físicamente las superficies y los objetos. Esto no necesariamente mata los gérmenes. Pero como eliminó algunos de ellos, habrían menos gérmenes que podrían transmitirle alguna infección</li> <li>La <strong>sanitización</strong> (término que en inglés significa desinfectar, pero que en español significa higienizar) utiliza productos químicos (desinfectantes) para matar los gérmenes en superficies y objetos. Algunos sanitizantes comunes son las soluciones de lejía y alcohol. En general, debe dejar actuar el sanitizante en las superficies y los objetos durante un cierto período de tiempo para matar los gérmenes. La sanitización no necesariamente limpia las superficies sucias ni elimina los gérmenes</li> <li>La <strong>desinfección</strong> se puede realizar limpiando, sanitizando o ambos a la vez. Desinfectar significa reducir la cantidad de gérmenes a un nivel seguro. Lo que se considera un nivel seguro depende de los estándares o requisitos de salud pública en un lugar de trabajo o escuela, entre otros. Por ejemplo, existen procedimientos de desinfección para restaurantes y otras instalaciones que preparan alimentos. Lo que haga para desinfectar variará, según sus necesidades. Es posible que friegue el piso con un trapeador, un químico y agua. Puede usar un lavavajillas para desinfectar los platos. O podría usar una toallita antibacteriana en el control remoto de un televisor</li> </ul> <p>Si limpia y desinfecta una superficie u objeto, puede reducir aún más el riesgo de propagar una infección. Hay productos que limpian y desinfectan al mismo tiempo.</p> <h3>¿Qué superficies y objetos necesito limpiar y desinfectar?</h3> <p>Para prevenir la propagación de infecciones, debe limpiar y desinfectar con regularidad las superficies y los objetos que se tocan con frecuencia. Por ejemplo, en su casa, esto incluiría encimeras, picaportes, manijas de grifos e inodoros, interruptores de luz, controles remotos y juguetes.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo limpiar y desinfectar de forma segura?</h3> <p>Es importante estar seguro al usar productos de limpieza y desinfección:</p><ul> <li>Guárdelos en sus envases originales. Siga siempre las instrucciones y preste atención a las advertencias de la etiqueta</li> <li> No mezcle limpiadores y desinfectantes a menos que las etiquetas indiquen que es seguro hacerlo. La combinación de ciertos productos (como blanqueador con cloro y limpiadores con amoníaco) puede causar lesiones graves o incluso la muerte</li> <li> Lea la etiqueta para ver si debe usar guantes para proteger sus manos y / o protección para los ojos cuando use estos productos</li> <li>Si <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoning.html">traga, inhala o su piel entra en contacto</a> con estos productos, siga las instrucciones de la etiqueta o busque atención médica</li> <li>Guárdelos fuera del alcance de los niños</li> </ul> Infecciones Asuntos de seguridad Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Sanitizing Más información Spanish/Español Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría <p>Linfedema es el nombre de un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html">inflamación</a>. Ocurre cuando se acumula linfa en los tejidos blandos del cuerpo. La linfa es un líquido que contiene glóbulos blancos, células que defienden contra los gérmenes. Se puede acumular cuando el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html">sistema linfático</a> está dañado o bloqueado. Suele ocurrir en los brazos o las piernas.</p> <p>Las causas de linfedema incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Infección</li> <li> Cáncer</li> <li>Tejido cicatricial por radioterapia o extirpación quirúrgica de ganglios linfáticos</li> <li> Afecciones hereditarias en las que los ganglios linfáticos o los vasos no se desarrollan normalmente</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento puede ayudar a controlar los síntomas. Incluye ejercicios, dispositivos de compresión, cuidado de la piel y masajes.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Sistema inmunitario Lymphedema Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Edema Enfermedades del sistema linfático Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Linfoma no Hodgkin <p>El linfoma es un cáncer de una parte del sistema inmunitario llamado sistema linfático. Existen muchos tipos de linfoma. Un tipo se denomina <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hodgkinlymphoma.html">linfoma de Hodgkin</a>. El resto se conoce como linfoma no Hodgkin. </p> <p>Los linfomas no Hodgkin comienzan cuando un tipo de glóbulos blancos, llamado células T o células B, se hacen anormales. Las células se dividen una y otra vez aumentando el número de células anormales. Las células anormales pueden diseminarse a casi todas las demás partes del cuerpo. La mayor parte del tiempo, los médicos no pueden determinar por qué una persona desarrolla un linfoma no Hodgkin. Usted está en mayor riesgo si tiene un sistema inmunitario débil o cierto tipo de infecciones.</p> <p>El linfoma no Hodgkin puede causar muchos síntomas, tales como:</p><ul> <li> Ganglios linfáticos inflamados, sin dolor, en el cuello, las axilas o la ingle </li> <li>Pérdida de peso inexplicable </li> <li> Fiebre</li> <li> Sudoración nocturna profusa</li> <li> Tos, dificultad para respirar o dolor torácico </li> <li> Debilidad y cansancio que no desaparece </li> <li>Dolor, inflamación o sensación de hinchazón abdominal </li> </ul> <p>El médico diagnosticará el linfoma con un examen físico, pruebas de sangre, una radiografía torácica y una biopsia. Los tratamientos incluyen quimioterapia, radioterapia, terapia dirigida, terapia biológica o terapia para eliminar ciertas proteínas de la sangre. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales. La terapia biológica potencia la habilidad del propio cuerpo de luchar contra el cáncer. Si no tiene síntomas, puede no requerir tratamiento de inmediato. A esto se le llama espera vigilante. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Sistema inmunitario Lymphoma Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Linfoma de Hodgkin Linfoma no Hodgkin Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Enfermedad de Hodgkin <h3>¿Qué es el linfoma de Hodgkin?</h3> <p>El linfoma de Hodgkin, también conocido como enfermedad de Hodgkin, es un tipo de cáncer que se desarrolla en el sistema linfático. Su sistema linfático es parte de su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a>. Ayuda a proteger su cuerpo de infecciones y enfermedades.</p> <p>El sistema linfático está formado por tejidos y órganos que producen, almacenan y transportan glóbulos blancos. Incluye:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html">Médula ósea</a></li> <li>Ganglios linfáticos</li> <li>Vasos linfáticos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spleendiseases.html">Bazo</a></li> <li>Timo</li> <li>Amígdalas</li> </ul> <p>El linfoma de Hodgkin es uno de los principales tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphoma.html">linfoma</a>. El otro es el linfoma no Hodgkin. Cada tipo comienza en diferentes tipos de glóbulos blancos.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el linfoma de Hodgkin?</h3> <p>No se conoce la causa del linfoma de Hodgkin. Pero hay ciertas personas que tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollarlo.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar linfoma de Hodgkin?</h3> <p>Ciertos factores pueden hacerle más propenso a desarrollar linfoma de Hodgkin:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Su edad</strong>: El linfoma de Hodgkin es más común en la edad adulta temprana (20 a 39 años) y en personas mayores (65 años o más)</li> <li><strong>Ser hombre</strong>: El riesgo de linfoma de Hodgkin en adultos es ligeramente mayor en los hombres que en las mujeres</li> <li><strong>Infección previa por el virus de Epstein-Barr (EBV)</strong>: Tener una infección con EBV cuando niño o adolescente aumenta el riesgo de linfoma de Hodgkin</li> <li><strong>Antecedentes familiares de linfoma de Hodgkin</strong>: Tener un padre o un hermano con linfoma de Hodgkin aumenta el riesgo de desarrollarlo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del linfoma de Hodgkin?</h3> <p>Los signos y síntomas del linfoma de Hodgkin pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Ganglios linfáticos inflamados e indoloros en el cuello, la axila o la ingle</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a> sin razón conocida</li> <li>Sudores nocturnos intensos (sudoración muy abundante mientras duerme)</li> <li>Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente en los últimos 6 meses</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html">Comezón </a> en la piel, especialmente después de bañarse o beber alcohol</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el linfoma de Hodgkin?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene linfoma de Hodgkin, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Le preguntará acerca de sus síntomas e historial médico: Esto incluye verificar si hay signos de enfermedad, como bultos o cualquier otra cosa que parezca inusual</li> <li>Puede solicitar algunas pruebas de laboratorio, como:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">Hemograma completo</a></li> <li>Estudios de química sanguínea</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-de-isoenzimas-de-la-lactato-deshidrogenasa-ldh/">Examen de isoenzimas de la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tasa-de-sedimentacion-eritrocitica/">Tasa de sedimentación eritrocítica</a></li> <li>Exámenes de sangre para descartar otras afecciones médicas</li> <li>Es posible que se realicen pruebas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">diagnóstico por imágenes</a>, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografías computarizadas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/tomografia-por-emision-de-positrones/">PET</a> (tomografía por emisión de positrones)</li> <li>Puede hacer una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> de ganglio linfático</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el linfoma de Hodgkin?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para el linfoma de Hodgkin incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Radioterapia</a></li> <li>Terapia dirigida: Usa medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Inmunoterapia para el cáncer</a></li> </ul> <p>En general, el linfoma de Hodgkin se puede curar si se detecta y se trata a tiempo.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Sistema inmunitario Hodgkin Lymphoma Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Linfoma Hodgkin, Enfermedad de Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer <p>Metabolism is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Chemicals in your digestive system (enzymes) break the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body tissues. If you have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html">metabolic disorder</a>, something goes wrong with this process.</p> <p>Lipid metabolism disorders, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gaucherdisease.html">Gaucher disease</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/taysachsdisease.html">Tay-Sachs disease</a>, involve lipids. Lipids are fats or fat-like substances. They include oils, fatty acids, waxes, and cholesterol. If you have one of these disorders, you may not have enough enzymes to break down lipids. Or the enzymes may not work properly and your body can't convert the fats into energy. They cause a harmful amount of lipids to build up in your body. Over time, that can damage your cells and tissues, especially in the brain, peripheral nervous system, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Many of these disorders can be very serious, or sometimes even fatal.</p> <p>These disorders are inherited. Newborn babies get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">screened</a> for some of them, using blood tests. If there is a family history of one of these disorders, parents can get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">genetic testing</a> to see whether they carry the gene. Other genetic tests can tell whether the fetus has the disorder or carries the gene for the disorder.</p> <p>Enzyme replacement therapies can help with a few of these disorders. For others, there is no treatment. Medicines, blood transfusions, and other procedures may help with complications.</p> Metabolic Problems Trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors Lipid Metabolism Disorders Spanish Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders Dietary Fats Metabolic Disorders Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Colesterol de muy baja densidad (VLDL) LMBD Lipoproteína de muy escasa densidad Lipoproteína de muy poca densidad VLDL <h3>¿Qué es el colesterol?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> es una sustancia cerosa y parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su cuerpo. Su hígado produce colesterol y también se encuentra en algunos alimentos, como carne y productos lácteos. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para funcionar bien, pero tener demasiado colesterol en la sangre aumenta el riesgo de enfermedad de las arterias coronarias.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)?</h3> <p>VLDL (very low density lipoprotein en inglés) significa lipoproteína de muy baja densidad. Su hígado produce colesterol VLDL y lo libera a su torrente sanguíneo. Las partículas de VLDL llevan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html">triglicéridos</a>, otro tipo de grasa, a sus tejidos. VLDL es similar al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">colesterol LDL</a>, pero el LDL transporta colesterol a los tejidos en lugar de triglicéridos.</p> <p>Tanto el VLDL y el LDL son llamados a veces colesteroles "malos" porque pueden contribuir a la acumulación de placa en las arterias. A esta acumulación se le llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">arterioesclerosis</a>. La placa es una sustancia pegajosa compuesta de grasa, colesterol, calcio y otras sustancias que se encuentran en la sangre. Con el tiempo, la placa se endurece y hace más angostas sus arterias. Esto limita el flujo de sangre rica en oxígeno a su cuerpo. Puede conducir a la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias y otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo sé cuál es mi nivel de lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)?</h3> <p>No hay una manera de medir directamente su nivel de VLDL. En cambio, lo más probable es que se deba hacer un análisis de sangre para medir su nivel de triglicéridos. El laboratorio puede usar su nivel de triglicéridos para estimar cuál es su nivel de VLDL. Su VLDL es aproximadamente una quinta parte de su nivel de triglicéridos. Sin embargo, estimar su VLDL de esta manera no funciona si su nivel de triglicéridos es muy alto.</p> <h3>¿Cuál debería ser mi nivel de lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)?</h3> <p>Su nivel de VLDL debe ser inferior a 30 mg / dL (miligramos por decilitro). Cualquier cantidad más alta que eso lo pone en riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo reducir mi nivel de lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)?</h3> <p>Como el VLDL y los triglicéridos están relacionados, puede reducir el nivel de VLDL disminuyendo su nivel de triglicéridos. Es posible que pueda reducir sus triglicéridos con una combinación de pérdida de peso, dieta y ejercicio. Es importante cambiar a grasas saludables y reducir el consumo de azúcar y alcohol. Algunas personas también pueden necesitar tomar medicamentos.</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Alimentos y nutrición VLDL Cholesterol Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Colesterol de muy baja densidad (VLDL) VLDL Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Listeriosis <p>Listeriosis is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">foodborne illness</a> caused by Listeria monocytogenes, bacteria found in soil and water. It can be in a variety of raw foods as well as in processed foods and foods made from unpasteurized milk. Listeria is unlike many other germs because it can grow even in the cold temperature of the refrigerator. </p> <p>Symptoms include fever and chills, headache, upset stomach and vomiting. Treatment is with antibiotics.</p> <p>Anyone can get the illness. But it is most likely to affect pregnant women and unborn babies, older adults, and people with weak immune systems. To reduce your risk:</p><ul> <li>Use precooked and ready-to-eat foods as soon as you can </li> <li> Avoid raw milk and raw milk products</li> <li> Heat ready-to-eat foods and leftovers until they are steaming hot</li> <li> Wash fresh fruits and vegetables </li> <li> Avoid rare meat and refrigerated smoked seafood</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Infecciones por Listeria Listeriosis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Foodborne Illness Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Women Food and Drug Administration Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Hepatocellular carcinoma <p>Your liver is the largest organ inside your body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. Primary liver cancer starts in the liver. Metastatic liver cancer starts somewhere else and spreads to your liver. </p> <p>Risk factors for primary liver cancer include :</p><ul> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html">hepatitis B</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html">C</a></li> <li>Heavy alcohol use</li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html">cirrhosis</a>, or scarring of the liver</li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemochromatosis.html">hemochromatosis</a>, an iron storage disease</li> <li>Obesity and diabetes</li> </ul> <p>Symptoms can include a lump or pain on the right side of your abdomen and yellowing of the skin. However, you may not have symptoms until the cancer is advanced. This makes it harder to treat. Doctors use tests that examine the liver and the blood to diagnose liver cancer. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html">liver transplantation</a>. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Digestive System Cáncer de hígado Liver Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Liver Diseases Hepatoblastoma Hepatocellular Carcinoma Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Liver Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Related Issues Asian Liver Center at Stanford University PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Hepatic disease <p>Your liver is the largest organ inside your body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons.</p> <p>There are many kinds of liver diseases:</p> <ul> <li>Diseases caused by viruses, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisa.html">hepatitis A</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html">hepatitis B</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisc.html">hepatitis C</a></li> <li>Diseases caused by drugs, poisons, or too much alcohol. Examples include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fattyliverdisease.html">fatty liver disease</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html">cirrhosis</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html">Liver cancer</a></li> <li>Inherited diseases, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemochromatosis.html">hemochromatosis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wilsondisease.html">Wilson disease</a></li> </ul> <p>Symptoms of liver disease can vary, but they often include swelling of the abdomen and legs, bruising easily, changes in the color of your stool and urine, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html">jaundice</a>, or yellowing of the skin and eyes. Sometimes there are no symptoms. Tests such as imaging tests and liver function tests can check for liver damage and help to diagnose liver diseases.</p> Digestive System Enfermedades del hígado Liver Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bile Duct Diseases Cirrhosis Fatty Liver Disease Hepatitis Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Jaundice Liver Cancer Liver Transplantation Reye Syndrome Wilson Disease Alagille Syndrome Gilbert Disease Hepatic Diseases Prevention and Risk Factors American Liver Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children American Liver Foundation Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Liver Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Liver Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health NIH Children American Liver Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children American Liver Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Liver Foundation Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Library of Medicine National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics American Liver Foundation Start Here American Liver Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Hepatic transplantation <p>Your liver is the largest organ inside your body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. You cannot live without a liver that works. If your liver fails, your doctor may put you on a waiting list for a liver transplant. Doctors do liver transplants when other treatment cannot keep a damaged liver working.</p> <p>During a liver transplantation, the surgeon removes the diseased liver and replaces it with a healthy one. Most transplant livers come from a donor who has died. Sometimes there is a living donor. This is when a healthy person donates part of his or her liver for a specific patient.</p> <p>The most common reason for a transplant in adults is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cirrhosis.html">cirrhosis</a>. This is scarring of the liver, caused by injury or long-term disease. The most common reason in children is biliary atresia, a disease of the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bileductdiseases.html">bile ducts</a>.</p> <p>If you have a transplant, you must take drugs the rest of your life to help keep your body from rejecting the new liver.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Transplantation and Donation Trasplante de hígado Liver Transplantation Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Cirrhosis Hepatitis Liver Diseases Organ Transplantation Hepatic Transplantation Related Issues United Network for Organ Sharing Find an Expert American Liver Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Society of Transplantation PDF Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Department of Veterans Affairs Living With Department of Veterans Affairs Specifics American Society of Transplantation PDF Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert Health Resources and Services Administration Journal Articles Related Issues United Network for Organ Sharing PDF Statistics and Research Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients <h3>What are HIV and AIDS?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It harms your immune system by destroying a type of white blood cell that helps your body fight infection.</p> <p>AIDS is the final stage of infection with HIV. It happens when the body's immune system is badly damaged because of the virus. Not everyone with HIV develops AIDS.</p> <h3>Are there treatments for HIV?</h3> <p>There is no cure for HIV, but there are many medicines to treat both <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html">HIV infection</a> and the health problems and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html">infections</a> (called opportunistic infections, or OIs) that come with it. The medicines allow people with HIV to have long, healthy lives.</p> <h3>How can I live a healthier life with HIV? </h3> <p>IIf you have HIV, you can help yourself by:</p><ul> <li>Getting medical care as soon as you find out that you have HIV. You should find a health care provider who has experience in treating HIV.</li> <li>Taking your medicines every day.</li> <li>Letting your provider know if you get any new symptoms or health problems.</li> <li>Keeping up with your regular medical and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html">dental care</a>.This includes staying up to date with your recommended <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html">health screenings</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">vaccinations</a>. Your provider can let you know which ones you need. </li> <li>Managing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a> and getting support, such as from support groups, therapists, and social service organizations</li> <li>Trying to live a healthy lifestyle, including:</li> <ul> <li>Eating healthy foods.This can give your body the energy it needs to fight HIV and other infections. It can help you manage HIV symptoms and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">medicine side effects</a>. It may also improve absorption of your HIV medicines.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Getting regular physical activity</a>. This can strengthen your body and immune system. It may also reduce the risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>. </li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">Getting enough sleep</a>. Sleep is important for your physical strength and mental health.</li> <li>Not smoking. People with HIV who smoke have a higher risk of developing conditions such as certain cancers and infections. Smoking can also interfere with your medicines. Talk to your provider if you need help <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quitting smoking</a>.</li> <li>Avoiding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">heavy drinking</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">taking illegal drugs</a>. They can damage your liver, which means your HIV medicine may not work as well. They can also make it harder for your body to fight infections.</li> <li>Protecting yourself from OIs. Talk to your provider about medicines and vaccines that prevent certain OIs. Also, be careful to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html">avoid exposure to contaminated food and water</a>.</li> </ul> </ul> <p>It is also important to reduce the risk of spreading HIV to other people. You should tell your sex partners that you have HIV and always use latex condoms. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms.</p> Immune System Viviendo con VIH HIV Infections psychology Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases HIV HIV and Infections HIV and Pregnancy HIV in Women HIV Medicines Kaposi Sarcoma AIDS--Living With AIDS HIV--Living With Older Adults HIV.gov Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Living With National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Reference Desk HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Women National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests HIV.gov Living With National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Start Here HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Reference Desk HIV.gov NIH Related Issues National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Start Here National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues HIV.gov National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Images National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Images National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research Infographic Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Library of Medicine PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Hypotension LBP <p>You've probably heard that high blood pressure is a problem. Sometimes blood pressure that is too low can also cause problems.</p> <p>Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Each time your heart beats, it pumps out blood into the arteries. Your blood pressure is highest when your heart beats, pumping the blood. This is called systolic pressure. When your heart is at rest, between beats, your blood pressure falls. This is the diastolic pressure. Your blood pressure reading uses these two numbers. Usually they're written one above or before the other, such as 120/80. If your blood pressure reading is 90/60 or lower, you have low blood pressure. </p> <p>Some people have low blood pressure all the time. They have no symptoms and their low readings are normal for them. In other people, blood pressure drops below normal because of a medical condition or certain medicines. Some people may have symptoms of low blood pressure when standing up too quickly. Low blood pressure is a problem only if it causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">dizziness</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html">fainting</a> or in extreme cases, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shock.html">shock</a>. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Presión arterial baja Hypotension Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Autonomic Nervous System Disorders High Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Hypotension Orthostatic Hypotension Shy-Drager Syndrome Find an Expert American Heart Association Diagnosis and Tests American Thoracic Society PDF Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Parkinson's Foundation Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Older Adults Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Related Issues American Heart Association Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Nevos <p>Los lunares son crecimientos sobre la piel. Se producen cuando las células productoras de pigmento de la piel, llamadas melanocitos, crecen en grupos. Los lunares son muy comunes. La mayoría de las personas tiene entre 10 y 40 lunares. Una persona puede desarrollar nuevos lunares hasta los 40 años aproximadamente. Suelen ir desapareciendo a medida que envejecemos. </p> <p>Los lunares suelen ser rosados, morenos o marrones. Pueden ser planos o elevados. Generalmente son redondos u ovalados y no mayores que una goma de lápiz. </p> <p>Casi una de cada diez personas tiene por lo menos un lunar inusual (atípico) de aspecto distinto a los lunares comunes. Este se denomina nevo displásico. Estos lunares pueden tener más probabilidades de convertirse en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/melanoma.html">melanoma</a>, un tipo de cáncer de piel, que los lunares comunes. Usted debería consultar con un médico para que le revise cualquier lunar de aspecto irregular, de mayor crecimiento, que cambia de color o de forma o cualquier otro tipo de anormalidad.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Piel, cabello y uñas Moles Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Trastornos de pigmentación de la piel Marcas de nacimiento Nacimiento, Marcas de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación contra el Cáncer de Piel Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Bronchogenic carcinoma <h3>What is lung cancer?</h3> <p>Lung cancer is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancer</a> that forms in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells that line the air passages. It is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women.</p> <p>There are two main types: <strong>small cell lung cancer</strong> and <strong>non-small cell lung cancer</strong>. These two types grow differently and are treated differently. Non-small cell lung cancer is the more common type.</p> <h3>Who more likely to develop lung cancer?</h3> <p>Anyone can develop lung cancer, but certain factors raise your risk of getting it:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a>. This is the most important risk factor for lung cancer. Tobacco smoking causes about 9 out of 10 cases of lung cancer in men and about 8 out of 10 cases of lung cancer in women. The more years you smoke and the more cigarettes you smoke each day, the more your risk goes up. Your risk is also greater if you smoke a lot and drink <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> every day or take beta carotene supplements. If you have quit smoking, your risk will be lower than if you had kept smoking. But you will still have a higher risk than people who never smoked.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">Secondhand smoke</a>, which is the combination of the smoke that comes from a cigarette and the smoke breathed out by a smoker. When you breathe in secondhand smoke, you are exposed to the same cancer-causing agents as smokers, although in smaller amounts.</li> <li>A family history of lung cancer.</li> <li>Being exposed to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html">asbestos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arsenic.html">arsenic</a>, chromium, beryllium, nickel, soot, or tar in the workplace.</li> <li>Being <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html">exposed to radiation</a>, for example from: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a> to the breast or chest</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radon.html">Radon</a> in the home or workplace</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Certain imaging tests</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scans</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV infection</a>. Your risk is higher if you have HIV. However, smoking rates are higher in people who have HIV, so it's not clear whether the increased risk is from the HIV infection or from smoking.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html">Air pollution</a>. Studies show that living in areas with higher levels of air pollution increases your risk of lung cancer.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of lung cancer?</h3> <p>Lung cancer may not cause any signs or symptoms until the cancer is advanced. Sometimes the cancer is found during a chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a> done for another condition.</p> <p>The symptoms of lung cancer may include:</p><ul> <li>Chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">pain</a> or discomfort</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">cough</a> that doesn't go away or gets worse over time</li> <li>Coughing up blood</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Trouble breathing</a></li> <li>Wheezing</li> <li>Hoarseness</li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> <li>Weight loss for no known reason</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Feeling very tired</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">Trouble swallowing</a></li> <li>Swelling in the face and/or veins in the neck</li> </ul> <h3>How is lung cancer diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have lung cancer, your health care provider:</p><ul> <li>Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms</li> <li>Will ask about your family history</li> <li>Will do a physical exam</li> <li>May order certain imaging tests, such as a chest x-ray or chest CT scan</li> <li>May order lab tests, including tests of your blood and sputum</li> <li>May do a procedure to take a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a> of the lung</li> </ul> <p>If you do have lung cancer, your provider will do other tests to find out if it has spread through the lungs, lymph nodes, and the rest of the body. This is called staging. Knowing the type and stage of lung cancer you have helps your provider decide what kind of treatment you need.</p> <p>If you have <strong>small-cell lung cancer,</strong> your provider may also do <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lung-cancer-genetic-tests/">genetic testing</a> to look for certain gene changes (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation/variants">variants</a>) in your cancer cells. The results of the testing may help guide treatment.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for lung cancer?</h3> <p>For most patients with lung cancer, current treatments do not cure the cancer.</p> <p>Your treatment will depend on which type of lung cancer you have, how far it has spread, your overall health, and other factors. You may get more than one type of treatment.</p> <p>The treatments for <strong>small cell lung cancer</strong> may include:</p><ul> <li>Surgery.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a>.</li> <li>Radiation therapy.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Immunotherapy</a>.</li> <li>Laser therapy, which uses a laser beam to kill cancer cells.</li> <li>Endoscopic stent placement. An endoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument used to look at tissues inside the body. It may be used to put in a device called a stent. The stent helps to open an airway that has been blocked by abnormal tissue.</li> </ul> <p>The treatments for <strong>non-small cell lung cancer</strong> may include:</p><ul> <li>Surgery.</li> <li>Radiation therapy.</li> <li>Chemotherapy.</li> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.</li> <li>Immunotherapy.</li> <li>Laser therapy.</li> <li>Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses a medicine and a certain type of laser light to kill cancer cells.</li> <li>Cryosurgery, which uses an instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.</li> <li>Electrocautery, a treatment that uses a probe or needle heated by an electric current to destroy abnormal tissue.</li> </ul> <h3>Can lung cancer be prevented?</h3> <p>Avoiding the risk factors may help prevent lung cancer. For example, you can:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">Quit smoking</a>. And if you don't smoke, don't start.</li> <li>Lower your exposure to hazardous substances at work.</li> <li>Lower your exposure to radon. Radon tests can show whether your home has high levels of radon. You can buy a test kit yourself or hire a professional to do the test.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Lungs and Breathing Cáncer de pulmón Lung Neoplasms Arabic Bosnian Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Lung Diseases Radon Smoking Bronchogenic Carcinoma Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Small Cell Lung Cancer Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Lung Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Living With American Lung Association Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Society for Radiation Oncology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Lung Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Lung Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues GO2 Foundation for Lung Cancer Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Thoracic Society PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Lung Association Women GO2 Foundation for Lung Cancer Videos and Tutorials American College of Surgeons Video <p>When you breathe, your lungs take in oxygen from the air and deliver it to the bloodstream. The cells in your body need oxygen to work and grow. During a normal day, you breathe nearly 25,000 times. People with lung disease have difficulty breathing. Millions of people in the U.S. have lung disease. If all types of lung disease are lumped together, it is the number three killer in the United States.</p> <p>The term lung disease refers to many disorders affecting the lungs, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">asthma</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a>, infections like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">influenza</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html">tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html">lung cancer</a>, and many other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">breathing problems</a>. Some lung diseases can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html">respiratory failure</a>.</p> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Lungs and Breathing Enfermedades de los pulmones Lung Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Breathing Problems Bronchial Disorders Collapsed Lung COPD Interstitial Lung Diseases Oxygen Therapy Pleural Disorders Pneumonia Pulmonary Embolism Pulmonary Fibrosis Pulmonary Hypertension Respiratory Failure Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Respiratory Diseases Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Lung Association Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Living With National Jewish Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Thoracic Society PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Thoracic Society PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Jewish Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Lung Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Jewish Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Jewish Health Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Occupational Safety and Health Administration PDF Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Thoracic Society PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Jewish Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Living With National Jewish Health PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Lung Association Children National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Women National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials American College of Surgeons Video Children Nemours Foundation <p>A lung transplant removes a person's diseased lung and replaces it with a healthy one. The healthy lung comes from a donor who has died. Some people get one lung during a transplant. Other people get two.</p> <p>Lung transplants are used for people who are likely to die from lung disease within 1 to 2 years. Their conditions are so severe that other treatments, such as medicines or breathing devices, no longer work. Lung transplants most often are used to treat people who have severe:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD </a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html">Cystic fibrosis</a></li> <li>Idiopathic <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryfibrosis.html">pulmonary fibrosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alpha1antitrypsindeficiency.html">Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryhypertension.html">Pulmonary hypertension</a> </li> </ul> <p>Complications of lung transplantation include rejection of the transplanted lung and infection. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Lungs and Breathing Transplantation and Donation Trasplante de pulmón Lung Transplantation Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Organ Transplantation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert Health Resources and Services Administration Prevention and Risk Factors United Network for Organ Sharing Journal Articles Statistics and Research Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients Discoid lupus SLE Subacute cutaneous lupus Systemic lupus erythematosus <h3>What is lupus?</h3> <p>Lupus is a chronic (long-lasting) type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune disease</a>.Autoimmune diseases happen when your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> attacks healthy cells and tissues by mistake. This attack causes inflammation. It can also damage many parts of the body, including the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain.</p> <p>There are several types of lupus:</p><ul> <li><strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)</strong> is the most common type. It can be mild or severe and can affect many parts of the body.</li> <li><strong>Cutaneous lupus</strong> affects the skin. It causes a rash or sores, usually after your skin is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">exposed to sunlight</a>. The two major types of cutaneous lupus are discoid lupus and subacute cutaneous lupus.</li> <li><strong>Drug-induced lupus</strong> is caused by a reaction to some medicines. The symptoms may start 3 to 6 months after starting the medicine. The symptoms usually go away when you stop taking the medicine.</li> <li><strong>Neonatal lupus,</strong> which is rare, affects newborns. It is caused by certain antibodies that are passed from the pregnant parent to the baby.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes lupus?</h3> <p>The cause of lupus is unknown. Researchers are studying what might cause or trigger the disease, such as:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/systemic-lupus-erythematosus">Genetics</a></li> <li>Environmental factors, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viral infections</a>, sunlight, certain medicines, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">smoking</a></li> <li>Problems with the immune system</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to get lupus?</h3> <p>Anyone can get lupus, but women get it much more often than men.</p> <p>Lupus is more common in African Americans than in White people. It is also more common in people of American Indian and Asian descent. African American and Hispanic women are more likely to have severe forms of lupus.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of lupus?</h3> <p>Lupus can have many symptoms, and they differ from person to person. Some of the more common ones are:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">Arthritis</a>, causing painful and swollen joints and morning stiffness</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a> or feeling tired often</li> <li>Red <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rashes</a>, most often on the face (also called the "butterfly rash")</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a> when taking a deep breath</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html">Hair loss</a></li> <li>Pale or purple fingers or toes, from cold and stress (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html">Raynaud phenomenon</a>) </li> <li>Sensitivity to the sun</li> <li>Swelling in legs or around eyes</li> <li>Mouth ulcers</li> <li>Swollen glands</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">dizziness</a></li> <li>Confusion and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html">memory problems</a></li> </ul> <p>Symptoms may come and go. When you are having symptoms, it is called a flare. Flares can range from mild to severe. New symptoms may appear at any time.</p> <h3>What other problems can lupus cause?</h3> <p>Lupus causes inflammation throughout your body. This can cause problems in your organs, including:</p> <ul> <li>Kidney damage (lupus nephritis).</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart problems</a>, including inflammation in the heart (myocarditis), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartvalvediseases.html">heart valves</a>, or lining of the heart muscle (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pericardialdisorders.html">pericarditis</a>).</li> <li>Inflammation of blood vessels (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html">vasculitis</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">Blood clots</a></li> <li>Inflammation of the tissue that surrounds the lungs (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pleuraldisorders.html">pleurisy</a>). This can make it painful to breathe.</li> </ul> <p>Some people with lupus may be more likely to develop other conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a> (CAD) and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">atherosclerosis</a>.</p> <h3>How is lupus diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no specific test for lupus, and it's often mistaken for other diseases that cause similar symptoms. So it may take a while to get a diagnosis. To find out if you have lupus, your health care provider: </p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and family health history</li> <li>Will do a complete physical exam</li> <li>May order blood tests, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/">ANA (antinuclear antibody)</a>, antibodies, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">complete blood count</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complement-blood-test/">complement </a> tests</li> <li>May order other tests, such as urine tests</li> <li>May do <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsies</a>: <ul> <li>Skin biopsy (looking at skin samples under a microscope)</li> <li>Kidney biopsy (looking at tissue from your kidney under a microscope)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for lupus?</h3> <p>There is no cure for lupus, but medicines and lifestyle changes can help control it.</p> <p>People with lupus often need to see different providers. You will most likely have a primary care provider and a rheumatologist (a doctor who specializes in diseases of the joints and muscles). Which other specialists you will depend on how lupus affects your body. For example, if lupus is damaging your heart or blood vessels, you would see a cardiologist (a doctor who specializes in heart diseases).</p> <p>Your primary care provider should coordinate care between all of your other providers and treat other problems as they come up. You and your primary care provider will develop a treatment plan to fit your needs. You will both review the plan often to make sure that it is working. You should report new symptoms to your provider right away so that your treatment plan can be changed, if needed.</p> <p></p> <p>The goals of a treatment plan are to:</p><ul> <li>Prevent flares</li> <li>Treat flares when they occur</li> <li>Reduce organ damage and other problems</li> <li>Improve your quality of life</li> </ul> <p>Treatments may include drugs to:</p><ul> <li>Reduce fever, swelling, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain</a></li> <li>Reduce inflammation in your body</li> <li>Prevent or reduce flares</li> <li>Reduce or prevent damage to joints</li> <li>Suppress (lower) the activity of your immune system</li> </ul> <p>Besides taking medicines for lupus, you may need to take medicines for problems that are related to lupus such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">high cholesterol</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html">high blood pressure</a>, or infection.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">Alternative and complementary therapies</a> are therapies that are not part of standard treatments. Some people try alternative and complementary therapies to improve their lupus symptoms. But research has not clearly shown whether these treatments may help or treat lupus. Talk to your provider before trying any new treatments.</p> <h3>How can I cope with lupus?</h3> <p>It is important to take an active role in your treatment. It helps to learn more about lupus - being able to spot the warning signs of a flare can help you prevent the flare or make the symptoms less severe.</p> <p>It is also important to find ways to cope with the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a> of having lupus. Exercising and finding ways to relax may make it easier for you to cope. A good support system can also help.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Immune System Lupus Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Korean Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases SLE Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Lupus Foundation of America Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Diagnosis and Tests Lupus Foundation of America Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Images VisualDX Men Lupus Foundation of America Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Lupus Foundation of America Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Related Issues Lupus Foundation of America Related Issues American College of Rheumatology Living With Lupus Foundation of America Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Women Lupus Foundation of America Related Issues Lupus Foundation of America Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Lupus Foundation of America Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Lupus Foundation of America Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Lupus Foundation of America Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Women American College of Rheumatology Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Lupus Foundation of America <h3>¿Qué es el lupus?</h3> <p>El lupus es un tipo de enfermedad autoinmune, crónica (de larga duración). Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">enfermedades autoinmunes</a> ocurren cuando su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> ataca las células y tejidos sanos por error. Este ataque causa inflamación. También puede dañar muchas partes del cuerpo, incluyendo las articulaciones, piel, riñones, corazón, pulmones, vasos sanguíneos y el cerebro.</p> <p>Hay varios tipos de lupus:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Lupus eritematoso sistémico</strong>: Es el más común. Puede ser leve o grave, y puede afectar a muchas partes del cuerpo</li> <li><strong>Lupus cutáneo</strong>: Afecta la piel. Causa sarpullido o llagas, generalmente después de que la piel se <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">expone a la luz solar</a>. Los dos tipos principales de lupus cutáneo son el lupus discoide y el lupus cutáneo subagudo</li> <li><strong>Lupus inducido por medicamentos</strong>: Es causado por una reacción a ciertas medicinas. Los síntomas pueden empezar de tres a seis meses después de empezar el medicamento. En general, los síntomas desaparecen cuando deja de tomar el medicamento</li> <li><strong>Lupus neonatal</strong>: No es común y afecta a los recién nacidos. Es probable que sea causado por ciertos anticuerpos que son pasados de la persona embarazada al bebé</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa el lupus?</h3> <p>No se conoce la causa del lupus. Los investigadores están estudiando qué puede causar o desencadenar la afección, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Genética</li> <li>Factores medioambientales, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">infecciones virales</a>, luz solar, ciertas medicinas y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">fumar</a> </li> <li>Problemas con el sistema inmunitario</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener lupus?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener lupus, pero las mujeres lo padecen con mucha más frecuencia que los hombres. El lupus es más común en los afroamericanos que en los blancos. También es más común en personas de ascendencia india americana y asiática. Las mujeres afroamericanas e hispanas son más propensas a padecer formas graves de lupus.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del lupus?</h3> <p>El lupus puede tener muchos síntomas que difieren de una persona a otra. Algunos de los más comunes son:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">Artritis</a>, que causa dolor e inflamación en las articulaciones y rigidez en la mañana</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a> o sensación de cansancio frecuente</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">Erupciones</a> rojas en la piel, generalmente en la cara y en forma de mariposa</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor de pecho</a> al respirar profundamente</li> <li>Dolor o hinchazón en las articulaciones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html">Pérdida de cabello</a></li> <li>Dedos de las manos o pies pálidos o de color púrpura por frío o estrés (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/raynaudphenomenon.html">fenómeno de Raynaud</a>)</li> <li>Sensibilidad al sol</li> <li>Hinchazón en las piernas o alrededor de los ojos</li> <li>Úlceras en la boca</li> <li>Inflamación de glándulas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">mareos</a></li> <li>Confusión y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html">problemas de memoria</a></li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer, a esto se le llama "brotes". Los brotes pueden ser leves o severos, y nuevos síntomas pueden aparecer en cualquier momento.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el lupus?</h3> <p>El lupus causa inflamación en todo el cuerpo. Esto puede provocar problemas en sus órganos, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Daño renal (nefritis lúpica)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">Problemas cardíacos</a>, incluida inflamación del corazón (miocarditis), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html">válvulas cardíacas</a> o revestimiento del músculo cardíaco (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pericardialdisorders.html">pericarditis</a>)</li> <li>Inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html">vasculitis</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">Coágulos de sangre</a></li> <li>Inflamación del tejido que rodea los pulmones (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pleuraldisorders.html">pleuresía</a>). Esto puede hacer que sea doloroso respirar</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas con lupus pueden tener más probabilidades de desarrollar otras afecciones, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">ateroesclerosis</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el lupus?</h3> <p>No existe una prueba específica para el lupus y, a menudo, se confunde con otras enfermedades que causan síntomas similares. Por ello, es posible que tome algún tiempo obtener un diagnóstico. Para saber si tiene lupus, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntará sobre sus síntomas, historia clínica y antecedentes familiares de salud</li> <li>Hará un examen físico completo</li> <li>Puede solicitar exámenes de sangre, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-anticuerpos-antinucleares/">pruebas de anticuerpos antinucleares</a>, anticuerpos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">conteo sanguíneo completo</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-complemento/">análisis del complemento</a></li> <li>Puede solicitar otras pruebas, como análisis de orina</li> <li>Puede realizar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsias</a>: <ul> <li>Biopsia de piel (examinar muestras de piel bajo el microscopio)</li> <li>Biopsia de riñón (examinar tejidos renales bajo el microscopio)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el lupus?</h3> <p>No existe una cura para el lupus, pero medicamentos y cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar a controlarlo.</p> <p>A menudo, las personas con lupus tienen que ver varios profesionales de la salud. En principio, lo más probable es que usted tendrá un proveedor de atención primaria y un reumatólogo (un médico que se especializa en las enfermedades de las articulaciones y los músculos). Dependiendo de cómo el lupus afecte a su cuerpo, quizás deba ir a otros especialistas. Por ejemplo, si el lupus está dañando su corazón o vasos sanguíneos, usted podría ver un cardiólogo (un especialista en enfermedades cardiacas).</p> <p>Su proveedor de atención primaria debe coordinar la atención entre los diferentes proveedores de salud y tratar todos sus otros problemas a medida que aparezcan. Usted y su profesional de la salud desarrollarán un plan de tratamiento para atender sus necesidades. Ambos deben revisar el plan para asegurarse que está funcionando. Debe informar a su proveedor si aparecen nuevos síntomas para cambiar el tratamiento si es necesario.</p> <p>Los objetivos de un plan de tratamiento son:</p> <ul> <li>Evitar los brotes</li> <li>Tratar los síntomas cuando se produzcan</li> <li>Reducir el daño a los órganos y otros problemas</li> <li>Mejorar la calidad de vida</li> </ul> <p>Los tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos para:</p> <ul> <li>Reducir la fiebre, la inflamación y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">dolor</a></li> <li>Reducir la inflamación en su cuerpo</li> <li>Evitar o reducir los brotes</li> <li>Reducir o prevenir el daño a las articulaciones</li> <li>Suprimir (bajar) la actividad de su sistema inmunitario</li> </ul> <p>Además de tomar medicamentos para el lupus, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos para problemas relacionados con el lupus, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html">colesterol alto</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">presión arterial alta</a> o infecciones.</p> <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">terapias alternativas y complementarias</a> son terapias que no forman parte de los tratamientos estándar. Algunas personas prueban terapias alternativas y complementarias para mejorar los síntomas del lupus. Pero las investigaciones no han demostrado claramente si estos tratamientos pueden ayudar o tratar el lupus. Hable con su profesional de la salud antes de probar cualquier tratamiento nuevo.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo lidiar con el lupus?</h3> <p>Es importante cumplir un papel activo en su tratamiento. Puede ayudarle el aprender más sobre el lupus. Detectar las señales de alerta de un brote puede ayudarle a prevenirlo o hacer que los síntomas sean menos severos.</p> <p>También es importante encontrar maneras de lidiar con el estrés que causa tener lupus. El ejercicio y otras formas de relajación pueden hacer más fácil sobrellevar la afección. Un buen sistema de apoyo también puede ayudarle.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Sistema inmunitario Lupus Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Lupus causado por medicamentos Lupus cutáneo subagudo Lupus discoide Lupus eritematoso sistémico Lupus neonatal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus <h3>What is Lyme disease?</h3> <p>Lyme disease is a bacterial infection you get from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tickbites.html">the bite of an infected tick</a>. At first, Lyme disease usually causes symptoms such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rash</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">headache</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a>. But if it is not treated early, the infection can spread to your joints, heart, and nervous system. Prompt treatment can help you recover quickly.</p> <h3>What causes Lyme disease?</h3> <p>Lyme disease is caused by bacteria. In the United States, this is usually a bacterium called <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em>. It spreads to humans through the bite of an infected tick. The ticks that spread it are blacklegged ticks (or deer ticks). They are usually found in the:</p><ul> <li>Northeast</li> <li>Mid-Atlantic</li> <li>Upper Midwest</li> <li>Pacific coast, especially northern California</li> </ul> <p>These ticks can attach to any part of your body. But they are often found in hard-to-see areas such as your groin, armpits, and scalp. Usually, the tick must be attached to you for more than 24 hours to spread the bacterium to you.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to get Lyme disease?</h3> <p>Most tick bites happen in the warmer months (April-September), when ticks are most active and people spend more time outdoors. But you can also get bitten during the rest of the year, especially if the temperatures are warmer than usual.</p> <p>Most tick bites happen in the summer months when ticks are most active and people spend more time outdoors. But you can get bitten in the warmer months of early fall, or even late winter if temperatures are unusually high. And if there is a mild winter, ticks may come out earlier than usual.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of Lyme disease?</h3> <p>Early symptoms of Lyme disease start between 3 to 30 days after an infected tick bites you. The symptoms can include:</p><ul> <li>A red rash called erythema migrans (EM). Most people with Lyme disease get this rash. It gets bigger over several days and may feel warm. It is usually not painful or itchy. As it starts to get better, parts of it may fade. Sometimes this makes the rash look like a "bull's-eye."</li> <li>Fever</li> <li>Chills</li> <li>Headache</li> <li>Fatigue</li> <li>Muscle and joint aches</li> <li>Swollen lymph nodes ("swollen glands")</li> </ul> <p>If the infection is not treated, it can spread to your joints, heart, and nervous system. The symptoms may include:</p> <ul> <li>Severe headaches and neck stiffness.</li> <li>More EM rashes on other areas of your body.</li> <li>Facial palsy, which is a weakness in your facial muscles. It can cause drooping on one or both sides of your face.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">Arthritis</a> with severe joint pain and swelling, especially in your knees and other large joints.</li> <li>Pain that comes and goes in your tendons, muscles, joints, and bones.</li> <li>Heart palpitations, which are feelings that your heart is skipping a beat, fluttering, pounding, or beating too hard or too fast.</li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">irregular heart beat</a> (Lyme carditis).</li> <li>Episodes of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">dizziness</a> or shortness of breath.</li> <li>Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.</li> <li>Nerve pain.</li> <li>Shooting pains, numbness, or tingling in the hands or feet.</li> </ul> <h3>How is Lyme disease diagnosed?</h3> <p>To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will consider:</p><ul> <li>Your symptoms</li> <li>How likely it is that you were exposed to infected blacklegged ticks</li> <li>How likely it is that you could have other illnesses that cause similar symptoms</li> <li>The results of any lab tests</li> </ul> <p>Most <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/lyme-disease-tests/">Lyme disease tests</a> check for antibodies made by the body in response to infection. These antibodies can take several weeks to develop. If you are tested right away, it may not show that you have Lyme disease, even if you have it. So you may need to have another test later.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for Lyme disease?</h3> <p>Lyme disease is treated with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>. The earlier you are treated, the better; it gives you the best chance of fully recovering quickly.</p> <p>After treatment, some patients may still have pain, fatigue, or difficulty thinking that lasts more than 6 months. This is called post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). Researchers don't know why some people have PTLDS. There is no proven treatment for PTLDS; long-term antibiotics have not been shown to help. However, there are ways to help with the symptoms of PTLDS. If you have been treated for Lyme disease and still feel unwell, contact your health care provider about how to manage your symptoms. Most people do get better with time. But it can take several months before you feel better.</p> <h3>Can Lyme disease be prevented?</h3> <p>To prevent Lyme disease, you should lower your risk of getting a tick bite:</p><ul> <li>Avoid areas where ticks live, such as grassy, brushy, or wooded areas. If you are hiking, walk in the center of the trail to avoid brush and grass.</li> <li>Use an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent when you go outdoors. They are evaluated to make sure they are safe and effective. Make sure that the repellant has one of these ingredients: DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or para-menthane-diol. It is important to follow the instructions on the label.</li> <li>Treat your clothing and gear with a repellant containing 0.5% permethrin</li> <li>Wear light-colored protective clothing, so you can easily see any ticks that get on you</li> <li>Wear a long-sleeved shirt and long pants. Also tuck your shirt into your pants and your pant legs into your socks.</li> <li>Check yourself, your children, and your pets daily for ticks. Carefully remove any ticks you find.</li> <li>Take a shower and wash and dry your clothes at high temperatures after being outdoors</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Enfermedad de Lyme Lyme Disease Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Portuguese Spanish Spanish Tagalog National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Tick Bites Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Lyme Disease Foundation Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Images VisualDX Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Teenagers VisualDX Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation Start Here Food and Drug Administration Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs. It is made up of:</p><ul> <li>Lymph - a fluid that contains white blood cells that defend against germs</li> <li>Lymph vessels - vessels that carry lymph throughout your body. They are different from blood vessels.</li> <li>Lymph nodes - glands found throughout the lymph vessels. Along with your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spleendiseases.html">spleen</a>, these nodes are where white blood cells fight infection.</li> </ul> <p>Your bone marrow and thymus produce the cells in lymph. They are part of the system, too.</p> <p>The lymphatic system clears away infection and keeps your body fluids in balance. If it's not working properly, fluid builds in your tissues and causes swelling, called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphedema.html">lymphedema</a>. Other lymphatic system problems can include infections, blockage, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphoma.html">cancer</a>.</p> Immune System Enfermedades del sistema linfático Lymphatic Diseases Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Lymphedema Lymphoma Spleen Diseases Lymph Nodes Swollen Glands Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Lymphatic obstruction <p>Lymphedema is the name of a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html">swelling</a>. It happens when lymph builds up in your body's soft tissues. Lymph is a fluid that contains white blood cells that defend against germs. It can build up when the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html">lymph system</a> is damaged or blocked. It usually happens in the arms or legs.</p> <p>Causes of lymphedema include:</p><ul> <li>Infection</li> <li>Cancer</li> <li>Scar tissue from radiation therapy or surgical removal of lymph nodes</li> <li>Inherited conditions in which lymph nodes or vessels are absent or abnormal</li> </ul> <p>Treatment can help control symptoms. It includes exercise, compression devices, skin care, and massage.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Immune System Linfedema Lymphedema Spanish National Cancer Institute Edema Lymphatic Diseases Lymphatic Obstruction Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Living Beyond Breast Cancer PDF Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert Lymphatic Education & Research Network Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here Lymphatic Education & Research Network Specifics American Cancer Society Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Lymphedema Network Journal Articles Non-Hodgkin lymphoma <p>Lymphoma is a cancer of a part of the immune system called the lymph system. There are many types of lymphoma. One type is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hodgkinlymphoma.html">Hodgkin disease</a>. The rest are called non-Hodgkin lymphomas.</p> <p>Non-Hodgkin lymphomas begin when a type of white blood cell, called a T cell or B cell, becomes abnormal. The cell divides again and again, making more and more abnormal cells. These abnormal cells can spread to almost any other part of the body. Most of the time, doctors don't know why a person gets non-Hodgkin lymphoma. You are at increased risk if you have a weakened immune system or have certain types of infections.</p> <p>Non-Hodgkin lymphoma can cause many symptoms, such as :</p><ul> <li>Swollen, painless lymph nodes in the neck, armpits or groin</li> <li>Unexplained weight loss </li> <li>Fever </li> <li>Soaking night sweats </li> <li>Coughing, trouble breathing or chest pain </li> <li>Weakness and tiredness that don't go away </li> <li>Pain, swelling or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen </li> </ul> <p>Your doctor will diagnose lymphoma with a physical exam, blood tests, a chest x-ray, and a biopsy. Treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, biological therapy, or therapy to remove proteins from the blood. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer. If you don't have symptoms, you may not need treatment right away. This is called watchful waiting.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Immune System Linfoma Lymphoma Spanish National Cancer Institute Hodgkin Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Lymphoma Research Foundation Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Specifics Lymphoma Research Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Specifics Lymphoma Research Foundation Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here Children National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Find an Expert Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Living With American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Lymphoma Research Foundation Specifics Lymphoma Research Foundation Specifics Lymphoma Research Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Lymphoma Research Foundation Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Living With Lymphoma Research Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Children American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Specifics American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Trastornos del conducto nasolagrimal <p>Usted quizás piense que las lágrimas son esas gotas saladas que salen de sus ojos cuando llora. En realidad, las lágrimas limpian sus ojos cada vez que usted parpadea. Las lágrimas también ayudan a mantener sus ojos húmedos, lo cual es importante para su vista. </p> <p>Las lágrimas son producidas por las glándulas lagrimales y el conducto lagrimal lleva estas lágrimas a los ojos. Los problemas con el sistema nasolagrimal incluyen la producción de demasiadas o de pocas lágrimas o problemas con los conductos lagrimales. El tratamiento depende de la causa.</p> Ojos y visión Tears Instituto Nacional del Ojo Síndrome de Sjögren Conducto lagrimal, Trastornos del Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH AMD Age-related macular degeneration <p>Macular degeneration, or age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a leading cause of vision loss in Americans 60 and older. It is a disease that destroys your sharp, central vision. You need central vision to see objects clearly and to do tasks such as reading and driving. </p> <p>AMD affects the macula, the part of the eye that allows you to see fine detail. It does not hurt, but it causes cells in the macula to die. There are two types: wet and dry. Wet AMD happens when abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula. These new blood vessels often leak blood and fluid. Wet AMD damages the macula quickly. Blurred vision is a common early symptom. Dry AMD happens when the light-sensitive cells in the macula slowly break down. You gradually lose your central vision. A common early symptom is that straight lines appear crooked.</p> <p>Regular comprehensive eye exams can detect macular degeneration before the disease causes vision loss. Treatment can slow vision loss. It does not restore vision.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Eye Institute</p> Older Adults Eyes and Vision Degeneración macular Macular Degeneration Spanish National Eye Institute Eye Diseases Vision Impairment and Blindness AMD Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments and Therapies National Eye Institute NIH Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Foundation for the Blind Find an Expert American Optometric Association Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Ophthalmology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With American Academy of Ophthalmology Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors BrightFocus Foundation Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology Aliento fuerte Halitosis <p> Hay muchas razones por las cuales usted puede tener mal aliento. Puede ser porque no se cepilla o no usa el hilo dental frecuentemente. La bacteria que se acumula en su boca y entre los dientes produce mal olor. Otras causas pueden ser <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html">enfermedades de las encías</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html">boca seca</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html">caries</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html">sinusitis</a> u otros problemas con su nariz. Algunos alimentos también pueden causar mal aliento (o halitosis) como cebollas crudas, ajo o repollo. Por supuesto, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">fumar</a> produce su propio mal olor. Así mismo, algunos medicamentos y enfermedades pueden causar un mal aliento característico. </p> <p> Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html">buenos hábitos dentales</a>, como el cepillado y el uso del hilo dental, ayuda a combatir el mal aliento. Los enjuagues bucales, caramelos de menta o goma de mascar pueden refrescar su aliento. Si usted tiene una enfermedad que causa halitosis, tratarla puede mejorar su aliento. </p> Salud oral y dental Síntomas Bad Breath Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Halitosis Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Dental Americana Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Dental de California PDF Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>Your small intestine does most of the digesting of the foods you eat. If you have a malabsorption syndrome, your small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from foods.</p> <p>Causes of malabsorption syndromes include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html">Celiac disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lactoseintolerance.html">Lactose intolerance</a></li> <li>Short bowel syndrome. This happens after surgery to remove half or more of the small intestine. You might need the surgery if you have a problem with the small intestine from a disease, injury, or birth defect.</li> <li>Whipple disease, a rare bacterial infection</li> <li>Genetic diseases</li> <li>Certain medicines</li> </ul> <p>Symptoms of different malabsorption syndromes can vary. They often include chronic diarrhea, abnormal stools, weight loss, and gas. Your doctor may use lab, imaging, or other tests to make a diagnosis.</p> <p>Treatment of malabsorption syndromes depends on the cause.</p> Digestive System Food and Nutrition Síndromes de malabsorción Malabsorption Syndromes Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Celiac Disease Lactose Intolerance Small Intestine Disorders Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition PDF Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Paludismo <p>La malaria es una enfermedad grave causada por un parásito. Puede adquirirla cuando un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html">mosquito</a> infectado lo pica. La malaria es una importante causa de muerte en todo el mundo, pero está prácticamente erradicada en los Estados Unidos. La enfermedad es principalmente un problema en los países en vías de desarrollo con climas cálidos. Si usted <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html">viaja</a> a esos países, está en riesgo de contagiarse. Existen cuatro tipos distintos de malaria causada por cuatro parásitos relacionados. El tipo más mortal se presenta en el África, al sur del desierto del Sahara. </p> <p>Los síntomas de la malaria incluyen escalofríos, síntomas parecidos a los de la gripe, fiebre, vómitos, diarrea e ictericia. Se diagnostica mediante una prueba de sangre. La enfermedad puede poner en peligro la vida. Sin embargo, es posible tratar la enfermedad con medicinas. El tipo de medicamento depende del tipo de malaria que tenga y del lugar donde se infectó. </p> <p>La malaria puede prevenirse. Cuando viaje a áreas con casos de malaria:</p><ul> <li> Consulte a su médico acerca de los medicamentos que lo protegerán </li> <li> Utilice <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html">repelentes para insectos</a> con DEET </li> <li> Cúbrase</li> <li> Duerma bajo un mosquitero para protegerse de las picaduras</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Infecciones Malaria Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Paludismo Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>Malaria is a serious disease caused by a parasite. You get it when an infected <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html">mosquito</a> bites you. Malaria is a major cause of death worldwide, but it is almost wiped out in the United States. The disease is mostly a problem in developing countries with warm climates. If you <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html">travel</a> to these countries, you are at risk. There are four different types of malaria caused by four related parasites. The most deadly type occurs in Africa south of the Sahara Desert.</p> <p>Malaria symptoms include chills, flu-like symptoms, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and jaundice. A blood test can diagnose it. It can be life-threatening. However, you can treat malaria with drugs. The type of drug depends on which kind of malaria you have and where you were infected.</p> <p>Malaria can be prevented. When traveling to areas where malaria is found:</p><ul> <li>See your doctor for medicines that protect you </li> <li>Wear insect repellent with DEET </li> <li>Cover up</li> <li>Sleep under mosquito netting </li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Infections Malaria Malaria Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mosquito Bites Parasitic Diseases Traveler's Health Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Veterans Affairs Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert World Health Organization <p>Although breast cancer is much more common in women, men can get it too. It happens most often to men between the ages of 60 and 70.</p> <p>Breast lumps usually aren't cancer. However, most men with breast cancer have lumps. Other breast symptoms can include:</p><ul> <li>Dimpled or puckered skin</li> <li>A red, scaly nipple or skin</li> <li>Fluid discharge</li> </ul> <p>Risk factors for male breast cancer include exposure to radiation, a family history of breast cancer, and having high estrogen levels, which can happen with diseases like cirrhosis or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/klinefeltersyndrome.html">Klinefelter syndrome</a>.</p> <p>Treatment for male breast cancer is usually a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mastectomy.html">mastectomy</a>, which is surgery to remove the breast. Other treatments include radiation, chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Men Cáncer de seno en el hombre Breast Neoplasms, Male Spanish National Cancer Institute Breast Cancer, Male Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Cancer Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Susan G. Komen for the Cure Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Infertility is a term doctors use if a man hasn't been able to get a woman pregnant after at least one year of trying. Causes of male infertility include:</p><ul> <li>Physical problems with the testicles</li> <li>Blockages in the ducts that carry sperm</li> <li>Hormone problems</li> <li>A history of high fevers or mumps</li> <li>Genetic disorders</li> <li>Lifestyle or environmental factors</li> </ul> <p>About a third of the time, infertility is because of a problem with the man. One third of the time, it is a problem with the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html">woman</a>. Sometimes no cause can be found.</p> <p>If you suspect you are infertile, see your doctor. There are tests that may tell if you have fertility problems. When it is possible to find the cause, treatments may include medicines, surgery, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">assisted reproductive technology</a>. Happily, many couples treated for infertility are able to have babies.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Men Male Reproductive System Infertilidad en el hombre Infertility, Male Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Assisted Reproductive Technology Female Infertility Infertility Infertility, Male Low Sperm Count Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Living With Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Endocrine Society Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Society for Reproductive Medicine Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Society for Reproductive Medicine Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH <h3>¿Qué son las malformaciones arteriovenosas?</h3> <p>Las malformaciones arteriovenosas son defectos en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html">sistema vascular</a>. Su sistema vascular es la red de vasos sanguíneos de su cuerpo. Incluye:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Arterias:</strong> Transportan sangre rica en oxígeno desde el corazón a los tejidos y órganos</li> <li><strong>Venas:</strong> Transportan la sangre y los productos de desecho de regreso al corazón</li> <li><strong>Capilares:</strong> Pequeños vasos sanguíneos que conectan las arterias pequeñas con las venas pequeñas</li> </ul> <p>Una malformación arteriovenosa es una maraña anormal de arterias y venas. Está conectada entre sí, sin capilares entre ellas. Sin los capilares, el flujo sanguíneo de las arterias va directamente a las venas a un ritmo más rápido de lo normal. Por ello, el tejido cercano no recibe todo el oxígeno que normalmente debe llegarle. Esta falta de oxígeno puede causar daño del tejido y la muerte de las células nerviosas y otras células. La rápida velocidad del flujo sanguíneo también puede aumentar la presión arterial dentro de las arterias y venas, lo que puede debilitarlas. Una arteria o un vaso sanguíneo debilitado puede romperse o perder sangre.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa las malformaciones arteriovenosas?</h3> <p>Las malformaciones arteriovenosas son raras. Se desconoce su causa. La mayoría de las veces, las personas nacen con ellas. Pero en ocasiones pueden aparecer poco después del nacimiento o más adelante en la vida.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las malformaciones arteriovenosas?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de las malformaciones arteriovenosas dependen de dónde se encuentre. Puede ocurrir en cualquier parte del cuerpo, pero es más común en el cerebro o la médula espinal. La mayoría de las personas con malformaciones arteriovenosas en el cerebro o la médula espinal tiene pocos o ningún síntoma importante. Pero si un vaso sanguíneo debilitado se rompe, puede derramar sangre hacia el cerebro (lo que se conoce como hemorragia). Las hemorragias graves pueden causar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhagicstroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a> y daño cerebral.</p> <p>Si una malformación arteriovenosa está causando síntomas, estos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">Convulsiones</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li>Dolor donde se encuentre la malformación arteriovenosa</li> <li>Problemas de la vista</li> <li>Debilidad muscular</li> <li>Problemas con el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html">movimiento</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">habla</a></li> <li>Confusión</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a></li> <li>Pérdida de consciencia</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las malformaciones arteriovenosas?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene una malformación arteriovenosa, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historia clínica</li> <li>Hará un examen físico: Esto puede incluir escuchar un soplo. Un soplo es un silbido causado por el rápido flujo sanguíneo a través de las arterias y venas de una malformación arteriovenosa</li> <li>Puede solicitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de imágenes</a>, como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a>, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a>, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ecografía</a> o una angiografía cerebral. Para una angiografía cerebral, se inyecta un tinte especial que ayuda a que los vasos sanguíneos del cerebro se observen en las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografías</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las malformaciones arteriovenosas?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para las malformaciones arteriovenosas dependen de factores como:</p> <ul> <li>Dónde está ubicada la malformación</li> <li>Su tamaño</li> <li>Sus síntomas</li> <li>Su salud general</li> <li>Su riesgo de sangrado</li> </ul> <p>Las opciones de tratamiento pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Vigilar</strong> cualquier signo que pueda significar que tiene un mayor riesgo de hemorragia</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong> para ayudar con los síntomas de las malformaciones arteriovenosas</li> <li><strong>Cirugía:</strong> Puede realizarse si usted tiene un riesgo de sangrado mayor de lo habitual. Existen algunos tipos diferentes de cirugía para las malformaciones arteriovenosas. En algunos casos, es posible que tenga más de un tipo. La cirugía puede ser riesgosa, especialmente si se realiza en el cerebro o la médula espinal. Por ello, usted y su profesional de la salud deben analizar los riesgos y beneficios de realizar la cirugía antes de tomar una decisión</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Cerebro y nervios Arteriovenous Malformations Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>Las malformaciones de Chiari son defectos en la estructura del cerebelo. El cerebelo es la parte del cerebro encargado del equilibrio. En estas malformaciones, el tejido cerebral se extiende dentro del canal espinal. Esto puede suceder cuando el cráneo es más pequeño de lo normal causando que el tejido cerebral sea empujado hacia abajo. Existen varios tipos de malformaciones de Chiari. Un tipo ocurre en niños con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html">defectos del tubo neural</a>. Algunos tipos no causan ningún síntoma y no necesitan tratamiento. Si se presentaran síntomas, estos pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li>Dolor de cuello</li> <li>Problemas de equilibrio</li> <li>Adormecimiento u otros síntomas no comunes en los brazos y piernas</li> <li>Mareo</li> <li>Problemas de visión</li> <li>Dificultar para tragar</li> <li>Problemas en la coordinación de las manos</li> </ul> <p>Los doctores la diagnostican con exámenes por imágenes. Algunos medicamentos pueden aliviar los síntomas y el dolor. La cirugía es el único tratamiento disponible para corregir o detener la progresión del daño a los nervios. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Chiari Malformation Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Arnold-Chiari, Malformaciones Chiari, Malformación Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>La mayoría de las malformaciones cerebrales comienza mucho antes del nacimiento de un bebé. Algo daña el sistema nervioso en desarrollo o provoca un desarrollo anormal. A veces el problema es genético. En otras, la exposición a ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html">medicinas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">infecciones</a> o radiación durante el embarazo interfiere con el desarrollo del cerebro. Partes del cerebro pueden estar ausentes, ser anormalmente grandes o pequeñas, o no desarrollarse en su totalidad. </p> <p>El tratamiento depende del problema. En muchos casos, el tratamiento sólo ayuda con los síntomas. Puede incluir medicamentos anticonvulsivos, válvulas para drenar líquido del cerebro y terapia física.</p> <p>Existen malformaciones de la cabeza que no involucran al cerebro. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/craniofacialabnormalities.html">anomalías craneofaciales</a> son resultado del crecimiento anormal del tejido blando y los huesos de la cara y la cabeza. Es común que los bebés recién nacidos tengan la cabeza ligeramente torcida, pero los padres deben vigilar la forma de la cabeza del niño para detectar posibles problemas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Brain Malformations Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Defectos congénitos Defectos del tubo neural Enfermedades del cerebro Hidrocefalia Cerebro, Malformaciones Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Infografía Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>Food provides the energy and nutrients you need to be healthy. If you don't get enough nutrients -- including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html">proteins</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html">carbohydrates</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fats</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">minerals</a> - you may suffer from malnutrition.</p> <p>Causes of malnutrition include:</p> <ul> <li>Lack of specific nutrients in your diet. Even the lack of one vitamin can lead to malnutrition.</li> <li>An unbalanced diet</li> <li>Certain medical problems, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malabsorptionsyndromes.html">malabsorption syndromes</a> and cancers</li> </ul> <p>Symptoms may include fatigue, dizziness, and weight loss. Or, you may have no symptoms. To diagnose the cause of the problem, your doctor may do blood tests and a nutritional assessment. Treatment may include replacing the missing nutrients and treating the underlying cause.</p> Food and Nutrition Desnutrición Malnutrition Spanish Body Weight Child Nutrition Infant and Newborn Nutrition Malabsorption Syndromes Minerals Nutrition Nutrition for Older Adults Vitamin D Deficiency Vitamins Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Older Adults American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Abuso de menores Abuso físico de menores Maltrato infantil Negligencia del niño <p>Maltratar a un menor es hacer algo, o dejar de hacer algo, que resulte en un daño para un niño o lo ponga en riesgo de lastimarse. El maltrato al menor puede ser físico, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html">sexual</a> o emocional. La negligencia, o el no cubrir las necesidades de un niño, también es una forma de abuso. </p> <p>La mayoría de los niños maltratados sufren más daños emocionales que físicos. Un niño maltratado puede deprimirse. Puede retraerse, pensar en suicidarse o tornarse violento. Los niños más grandes pueden consumir drogas o alcohol, intentar huir o abusar de otros. </p> <p>El maltrato al menor es un problema serio. Si sospecha que algún niño sufre maltratos o negligencia, llame a la policía o a la agencia local para el bienestar infantil.</p> Niños y adolescentes Lesiones y heridas Asuntos sociales y familiares Child Abuse Abuso sexual de menores Abuso de menores Abuso de niños Abuso infantil Bebé sacudido, Síndrome del Chicos, Abuso Infantil, Abuso Niños, Abuso Síndrome del bebé sacudido Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias PDF Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <h3>What is a mammogram?</h3> <p>A mammogram is an x-ray picture of the breast. Health care providers use mammograms to look for early signs of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html">breast cancer</a>. There are two types of mammograms: screening mammograms and diagnostic mammograms.</p> <h3>What is a screening mammogram?</h3> <p>A screening mammogram is a mammogram usually done for women who have no signs or symptoms of breast cancer. Regular screening mammograms can help reduce the number of deaths from breast cancer among women ages 40 to 74. This is because they can find breast cancer early and treatment can start earlier, maybe before it has spread.</p> <p>But screening mammograms can also have risks. They can sometimes find something that looks abnormal but isn't cancer. This leads to further testing and can cause you anxiety. Sometimes mammograms can miss cancer when it is there. It also <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html">exposes you to radiation</a>. You should talk to your provider about the benefits and drawbacks of mammograms. Together, you can decide when to start and how often to have a mammogram.</p> <p>Not much is known about breast cancer risk in transgender people. If you are transgender, talk to your provider about your risk and whether you need screening mammograms.</p> <h3>What is a diagnostic mammogram?</h3> <p>A diagnostic mammogram is done for people who have a lump or other signs or symptoms of breast cancer. The signs can include breast pain, thickening of the skin of the breast, nipple discharge, or a change in breast size or shape. But these signs can also be caused by a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastdiseases.html">breast condition</a> that is benign (not cancer). A mammogram, along with other tests, can help your provider figure out whether you have cancer.</p> <h3>How is a mammogram done?</h3> <p>When you have a mammogram, you stand in front of an x-ray machine. The person who takes the x-rays places your breast between two plastic plates. The plates press your breast and make it flat. This may be uncomfortable, but it helps get a clear picture.</p> <p>You will get both breasts x-rayed from the front and from the side. Afterwards, a radiologist (a doctor with special training) will read the mammogram. The doctor will look at the x-ray for early signs of breast cancer or other problems. You will usually get the results within a few weeks, although it depends on the clinic or medical office that you went to. If your results are not normal, you should hear back earlier. Contact your provider or the office where you had the mammogram if you do not receive a report of your results within 30 days.</p> <h3>What happens if my mammogram is not normal?</h3> <p>An abnormal (not normal) mammogram does not always mean that there is cancer. You will need to have additional mammograms, tests, or exams before your provider can tell for sure. You may also be referred to a breast specialist or a surgeon. But it does not necessarily mean you have cancer or need surgery. You would see one of these doctors because they are experts in diagnosing breast problems. </p> Women Diagnostic Tests Female Reproductive System Mamografía Mammography Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Breast Cancer Breast Diseases Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Susan G. Komen for the Cure Find an Expert American Cancer Society Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Food and Drug Administration PDF Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues American Cancer Society Start Here Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Mamograma Mastografía <h3>¿Qué es una mamografía?</h3> <p>Una mamografía es una imagen de rayos X del seno. Los profesionales de la salud usan mamografías para buscar signos tempranos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html">cáncer de mama</a>. Hay dos tipos de mamografías, de detección y de diagnóstico.</p> <h3>¿Qué es una mamografía de detección?</h3> <p>En general, una mamografía de detección es una mamografía que se hace en mujeres que no presentan signos o síntomas de cáncer de mama. Las mamografías de detección periódicas pueden ayudar a reducir la cantidad de muertes por cáncer de mama en mujeres de entre 40 a 74 años. Esto se debe a que pueden detectar el cáncer de mama temprano y el tratamiento puede comenzar antes, quizás antes de que se haya propagado.</p> <p>Sin embargo, las mamografías de detección también pueden tener riesgos. En ocasiones, pueden encontrar algo que parece anormal pero que no es cáncer. Esto conduce a más pruebas y puede causar ansiedad. A veces, las mamografías pueden pasar por alto el cáncer cuando está presente. También le expone a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html">radiación</a>. Debe hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre los beneficios y los riesgos de las mamografías. Juntos, pueden decidir cuándo empezar y con qué frecuencia hacer una mamografía.</p> <p>No se sabe mucho sobre el riesgo de cáncer de mama en personas transgénero. Si es transgénero, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre su riesgo y si necesita mamografías de detección.</p> <h3>¿Qué es una mamografía de diagnóstico?</h3> <p>La mamografía de diagnóstico es para personas que tienen un bulto u otros signo o síntoma de cáncer de seno. Los signos pueden incluir dolor en los senos, engrosamiento de la piel del seno, secreción del pezón o un cambio en el tamaño o la forma de los senos. Pero estos signos también pueden ser causados por una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastdiseases.html">afección de los senos</a> que es benigna (no es cáncer). Una mamografía, junto con otras pruebas, puede ayudar a su profesional de la salud a determinar si tiene cáncer.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se hace una mamografía?</h3> <p>Cuando se hace una mamografía, se para frente a una máquina de rayos X. La persona que toma las radiografías coloca su seno entre dos placas de plástico. Las placas presionan su seno y lo aplanan. Esto puede resultar molesto, pero ayuda a obtener una imagen clara.</p> <p>Le sacarán una radiografía de ambos senos desde el frente y desde el costado. Luego, un radiólogo (un médico especialista) analizará la mamografía. El médico observará la radiografía en busca de signos tempranos de cáncer de mama u otros problemas. Por lo general, obtendrá los resultados en unas pocas semanas, aunque depende de la clínica o consultorio médico al que asistió. Si sus resultados no son normales, debería recibir una respuesta antes. Comuníquese con su profesional de la salud o con el centro donde se hizo la mamografía si no recibe un informe de sus resultados dentro de los 30 días.</p> <h3>¿Qué ocurre si la mamografía no es normal?</h3> <p>Una mamografía anormal (no normal) no siempre significa que haya cáncer. Deberá realizarse mamografías, pruebas o exámenes adicionales antes de que su profesional de la salud pueda asegurarlo. También es posible que la refieran a un especialista en mamas o un cirujano. Pero no significa necesariamente que tenga cáncer o necesite cirugía. Ver a uno de estos médicos es necesario porque son expertos en el diagnóstico de problemas de las mamas.</p> Mujeres Pruebas de diagnóstico Sistema reproductor femenino Mammography Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de seno Enfermedades del seno Cáncer de mama Mama, Cáncer de Mastografía Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer <p>Managed care plans are a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthinsurance.html">health insurance</a>. They have contracts with health care providers and medical facilities to provide care for members at reduced costs. These providers make up the plan's network. How much of your care the plan will pay for depends on the network's rules.</p> <p>Plans that restrict your choices usually cost you less. If you want a flexible plan, it will probably cost more. There are three types of managed care plans:</p> <ul> <li>Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) usually only pay for care within the network. You choose a primary care doctor who coordinates most of your care.</li> <li>Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO) usually pay more if you get care within the network. They still pay part of the cost if you go outside the network.</li> <li>Point of Service (POS) plans let you choose between an HMO or a PPO each time you need care.</li> </ul> Health System Planes de administración de seguros de salud Managed Care Programs Spanish HMO Health Maintenance Organizations Insurance Learn More Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Learn More Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Learn More Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Learn More Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Learn More Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Journal Articles Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Learn More Health Resources and Services Administration <p>Las manchas de nacimiento son anomalías de la piel que se presentan en el recién nacido. Hay dos tipos de manchas de nacimiento: vasculares y pigmentadas. Las vasculares son formadas por vasos sanguíneos que no se han desarrollado correctamente y que comúnmente son rojas. Los hemangiomas y los hemangiomas planos son dos tipos de manchas vasculares. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinpigmentationdisorders.html">pigmentadas</a> están compuestas por un racimo de células que contienen el pigmento que da el color a la piel. Pueden ser de varios colores, desde color marrón claro, gris a negro y, a veces, azul. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/moles.html">lunares</a> pueden ser manchas de nacimiento. </p> <p>No se sabe qué es lo que causa este tipo de manchas, pero algunas son de familia. El doctor de su bebé mirará las manchas para ver si necesitan tratamiento o seguimiento. Generalmente, las manchas pigmentadas no se tratan, excepto los lunares. El tratamiento para las manchas vasculares incluye láser.</p> <p>La mayoría no es un problema serio y otras desaparecen por sí solas. Algunas permanecen igual o empeoran a medida que se envejece. Por lo general, las marcas de nacimiento son sólo una preocupación por su apariencia. Pero ciertos tipos pueden aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de piel. Si su marca de nacimiento sangra, duele, pica o se infecta, llame a su proveedor de salud.</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Birthmarks Lunares Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Alivio del dolor sin remedios <h3>¿Qué es el dolor?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html">dolor</a> es una señal del sistema nervioso de que algo no anda bien. Es una sensación desagradable, como un pinchazo, hormigueo, picadura, ardor o molestia. El dolor puede ser agudo o sordo. Puede ser intermitente o constante. Puede sentir dolor en alguna parte del cuerpo como la espalda, el abdomen, el pecho o la pelvis. O puede sentir dolor generalizado.</p> <p>Hay dos tipos de dolor:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Dolor agudo</strong>: En general, aparece de repente debido a una enfermedad, lesión o inflamación. A menudo puede ser diagnosticado y tratado. Usualmente desaparece, aunque a veces puede convertirse en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">dolor crónico</a></li> <li><strong>Dolor crónico</strong>: Dura mucho tiempo y puede causar problemas graves</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué son los analgésicos?</h3> <p>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> son medicamentos que reducen o alivian el dolor. Existen muchos medicamentos diferentes para el dolor, y cada uno tiene ventajas y riesgos. Algunos son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html">medicamentos sin receta médica</a>. Otros son más fuertes y están disponibles con receta médica. Los analgésicos recetados más potentes son los opioides. Son muy efectivos, pero quienes los toman tienen riesgos de sufrir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">adicción</a> o sobredosis.</p> <p>Debido a los efectos secundarios y riesgos de los analgésicos, es posible que necesite probar primero un tratamiento sin medicinas para el dolor. Y si necesita los medicamentos, estos tratamientos sin medicinas podría permitirle tomar una dosis más baja.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son algunos tratamientos sin medicinas para el dolor?</h3> <p>Existen varios tratamientos sin medicinas que pueden ayudar con el dolor. Es importante hablar con su proveedor de atención médica antes de probar alguno de ellos:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Acupuntura</strong>: Estimula puntos específicos en su cuerpo. Hay diferentes métodos para esto. El más común inserta agujas delgadas en la piel. Otros métodos incluyen usar presión, estimulación eléctrica y calor. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html">acupuntura</a> se basa en la creencia de que el Qi (energía vital) fluye a través del cuerpo a lo largo de caminos llamados meridianos. Sus practicantes piensan que estimular los puntos de acupuntura puede reequilibrar el Qi. La investigación sugiere que la acupuntura puede ayudar a controlar ciertas afecciones que causan dolor</li> <li><strong>Técnicas de biorretroalimentación</strong>: Usan dispositivos electrónicos para medir las funciones del cuerpo, como la respiración y la frecuencia cardíaca. Esto le enseña a ser más consciente de las funciones de su cuerpo para aprender a controlarlas. Por ejemplo, un dispositivo de biorretroalimentación puede medir su tensión muscular. Al ver cómo cambian estas mediciones, puede ser más consciente de cuándo sus músculos se tensan y aprender a relajarlos. La biorretroalimentación puede ayudar a controlar el dolor, incluyendo dolores de cabeza crónicos y de espalda</li> <li><strong>Estimulación eléctrica</strong>: Usa un dispositivo para enviar una corriente eléctrica suave a nervios o músculos. Esto puede ayudar a tratar el dolor al interrumpir o bloquear las señales de dolor. Los tipos incluyen:</li> <ul> <li>Estimulación eléctrica transcutánea (TENS, en inglés)</li> <li>Estimulación nerviosa periférica</li> <li>Estimulación cerebral profunda o de la médula espinal</li> </ul> <li><strong>Terapia de masaje</strong>: Tratamiento en el cual los tejidos blandos del cuerpo se aprietan, frotan, golpean suavemente y se acarician. Entre otros beneficios, puede ayudar a las personas a relajarse y aliviar el estrés y el dolor</li> <li><strong>Meditación</strong>: Práctica que conecta la mente con su cuerpo. En la meditación, usted enfoca su atención en algo, como un objeto, palabra, frase o su respiración. Esto le ayuda a minimizar los pensamientos o sentimientos que le distraen o estresan</li> <li><strong>Fisioterapia</strong>: Usa técnicas como calor, frío, ejercicio, masajes y manipulación. Puede ayudar a controlar el dolor, así como a acondicionar los músculos y restaurar la fuerza</li> <li><strong>Psicoterapia </strong>(terapia de conversación): Usa métodos como conversar, escuchar y el asesoramiento para tratar trastornos mentales y de la conducta. También puede ayudar a personas con dolor, en especial dolor crónico, al:</li> <ul> <li>Enseñar habilidades para hacer frente al dolor y poder lidiar mejor con el estrés que puede causar</li> <li>Abordar pensamientos y emociones negativas que pueden empeorar el dolor</li> <li>Entregar apoyo emocional</li> </ul> <li><strong>Terapia de relajación</strong>: Puede ayudar a reducir la tensión y el estrés muscular, bajar la presión arterial y controlar el dolor. Puede consistir en tensar y relajar los músculos del cuerpo. Puede utilizar imágenes guiadas (enfocando la mente en imágenes positivas) y meditación</li> <li><strong>Cirugía</strong>: Puede ser necesaria para tratar el dolor intenso, especialmente cuando es causado por problemas de espalda o lesiones musculoesqueléticas graves. Siempre hay riesgos al someterse a una cirugía, y no siempre funciona para tratar el dolor. Por ello, es importante hablar con su proveedor de atención médica sobre todos sus riesgos y beneficios</li> </ul> Terapias complementarias y alternativas Non-Drug Pain Management Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral Dolor, manejo sin medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH <p>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">arritmia</a> es cualquier trastorno en los latidos o el ritmo del corazón. Significa que el corazón late demasiado rápido o demasiado lento o que tiene un patrón irregular. La mayoría de las arritmias son el resultado de problemas en el sistema eléctrico del corazón. Si su arritmia es seria, puede ser que necesite un marcapasos cardíaco o un desfibrilador implantable. Estos dispositivos son implantados en el pecho o en el abdomen. </p> <p>Un marcapasos ayuda a controlar el ritmo cardíaco irregular. Utiliza pulsos eléctricos que estimulan el corazón para que este lata a un ritmo normal. Puede acelerar un corazón que late despacio, controlar uno que late demasiado rápido y coordinar las cámaras del corazón. </p> <p>Un desfibrilador implantable monitorea el ritmo cardíaco. Cuando el dispositivo detecta un ritmo cardíaco anormal, envía impulsos eléctricos. Este tratamiento se llama desfibrilación. El desfibrilador puede ayudar a controlar las arritmias que pueden ser un peligro para la salud, especialmente aquellas que causan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html">paros cardíacos</a>. Los desfibriladores más nuevos pueden actuar tanto como un marcapasos como desfibriladores implantables. Muchos de estos, graban el ritmo del corazón cuando detecta que no está latiendo normalmente. Esto puede ayudar al doctor a determinar un tratamiento futuro. </p> <p>La instalación de estos dispositivos requiere una cirugía menor. Es posible que necesite quedarse en el hospital uno o dos días así su doctor se asegura que el dispositivo está funcionando bien. Probablemente volverá a sus actividades cotidianas luego de unos días. </p> <p class=""> NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Arritmia Fallo cardíaco Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>El mareo por movimiento o cinetosis es un problema común entre las personas que <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html">viajan</a> en automóvil, tren, avión, y especialmente, en barco. Cualquier persona puede tenerla, pero es más común en niños, mujeres embarazadas y personas que toman ciertas medicinas. La cinetosis puede suceder repentinamente, con una sensación de mareos y sudores fríos. Eso puede conducir a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">vértigo</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">náusea y vómitos</a>. </p> <p>El cerebro siente el movimiento al recibir las señales provenientes del oído interno, los ojos, los músculos y las articulaciones. Cuando recibe señales que no coinciden, puede surgir el mareo por movimiento. Por ejemplo, si está leyendo en su teléfono mientras viaja en el autobús, sus ojos están enfocados en algo que no está en movimiento. Sin embargo, el oído interno percibe el movimiento. </p> <p>El lugar donde se siente puede hacer una diferencia. El asiento delantero del automóvil, los vagones de un tren, la cubierta de un barco o los asientos cercanos a las alas de un avión son los más adecuados para viajar. Mantener la vista fija en el horizonte, en lugar de intentar leer o ver algo dentro del vehículo, también puede ayudar. Existen medicinas que pueden prevenir o trata el mareo por movimiento, pero por lo general causan somnolencia. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Síntomas Motion Sickness Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Enfermedad por movimiento Movimiento, Enfermedad Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>Cuando se siente mareado, puede sentirse aturdido, confundido o desorientado. Si siente que la habitación está girando, tiene vértigo. Ambas sensaciones pueden hacerle perder el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html">equilibrio</a>.</p> <p>El mareo puede tener muchas causas diferentes. Una caída brusca de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html">presión arterial</a> o estar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratado</a> puede hacer que se sienta mareado. Muchas personas se sienten mareadas si se levantan demasiado rápido cuando están sentadas o acostadas. Las medicinas pueden causar mareos o problemas en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eardisorders.html">oído</a>. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motionsickness.html">cinetosis</a> también puede provocar mareos. A veces, el mareo puede ser un síntoma de otras enfermedades.</p> <p>A medida que las personas envejecen, pueden tener más problemas de salud y tomar más medicamentos. Esto los hace más propensos a tener problemas de mareos y o del equilibrio.</p> <p>Por lo general, los mareos se mejoran por sí mismos o se tratan fácilmente. Si siente mareos con frecuencia, debe consultar a su médico para conocer la causa.</p> <p class="">NIH: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</p> Cerebro y nervios Oído, nariz y garganta Síntomas Dizziness and Vertigo Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Enfermedad de Ménière Mareo (Cinetosis) Equilibrio, Trastornos del Trastornos del equilibrio Vértigo Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF <p>Marfan syndrome is a disorder that affects connective tissue. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/connectivetissuedisorders.html">Connective tissues</a> are proteins that support skin, bones, blood vessels, and other organs. One of these proteins is fibrillin. A problem with the fibrillin gene causes Marfan syndrome. </p> <p>Marfan syndrome can be mild to severe, and the symptoms can vary. People with Marfan syndrome are often very tall, thin, and loose jointed. Most people with Marfan syndrome have heart and blood vessel problems, such as a weakness in the aorta or heart valves that leak. They may also have problems with their bones, eyes, skin, nervous system, and lungs.</p> <p>There is no specific test for Marfan syndrome. Your doctor may use your medical history, family history, and a physical exam to diagnose it. Marfan syndrome has no cure, but treatments can help delay or prevent complications. Treatments include medicines, surgery, and other therapies.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Genetics/Birth Defects Síndrome de Marfan Marfan Syndrome Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Marfan Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Marfan Foundation Find an Expert National Society of Genetic Counselors Diagnosis and Tests Marfan Foundation Specifics Marfan Foundation PDF Start Here National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Related Issues Marfan Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Marfan Foundation Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Cartuchos Churros Juana Juanita Mafu Mota Yoints <h3>¿Qué es la marihuana?</h3> <p>La marihuana es una mezcla verde, marrón o gris de partes desmenuzadas y secas de la planta de marihuana. La planta contiene sustancias químicas que actúan en el cerebro y pueden cambiar su estado de ánimo o conciencia.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se usa la marihuana?</h3> <p>Hay muchas maneras diferentes en que las personas usan marihuana, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Enrollar y fumarla como un cigarrillo o un cigarro</li> <li>Fumarla en una pipa</li> <li>Mezclarla en la comida y comerla</li> <li>Preparándola como un té</li> <li>Inhalar aceites humeantes de la planta (conocido como "dabbing" en inglés)</li> <li>Vaporizadores electrónicos (vapear)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos de la marihuana?</h3> <p>La marihuana puede causar efectos a corto y largo plazo.</p> <p><strong>A corto plazo:</strong></p> <p>Bajo los efectos de la droga, se puede experimentar:</p> <ul> <li>Sentidos alterados, como ver colores más brillantes.</li> <li>Sentido del tiempo alterado, como minutos que parecen horas</li> <li>Cambios en el estado de ánimo</li> <li>Problemas con el movimiento del cuerpo</li> <li>Problemas con el pensamiento, resolver problemas y la memoria</li> <li>Mayor apetito </li> </ul> <p><strong>A largo plazo:</strong></p> <p>A largo plazo, la marihuana puede causar problemas de salud como:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas con el desarrollo del cerebro: Las personas que comenzaron a consumir marihuana en la adolescencia pueden tener problemas para pensar, recordar y aprender</li> <li>Tos y problemas respiratorios si fuma marihuana frecuentemente</li> <li>Problemas del desarrollo infantil <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">durante</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html">después</a> del embarazo si una mujer fuma marihuana <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">durante el embarazo</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede tener una sobredosis de marihuana?</h3> <p>Es posible que ocurra una sobredosis de marihuana si se consume una dosis muy alta. Los síntomas incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a>, pánico y latidos cardíacos rápidos. En casos raros, una sobredosis puede causar paranoia y alucinaciones. No hay informes de personas que mueran solo por usar marihuana.</p> <h3>¿Es la marihuana adictiva?</h3> <p>Después de usar marihuana por un tiempo, es posible volverse adicto a ella. Es más probable que se vuelva adicto si consume marihuana todos los días o si comenzó a usarla cuando era un adolescente. Si es adicto, tendrá una fuerte necesidad de consumir la droga. También es posible que necesite fumar más y más para obtener el mismo efecto. Cuando intente dejar de fumarla, puede tener síntomas leves de abstinencia, como:</p> <ul> <li>Irritabilidad</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html">Problemas para dormir</a></li> <li>Disminución del apetito</li> <li>Ansiedad</li> <li>Antojos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué es la marihuana medicinal?</h3> <p>La planta de marihuana tiene sustancias químicas que pueden ayudar con algunos problemas de salud. Ha aumentado el número de estados que están legalizando el uso de la planta como medicamento para ciertas afecciones médicas. Pero no hay suficiente investigación para demostrar que la planta entera trabaja para tratar o curar estos males. La Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos (FDA, por su sigla en inglés) no ha aprobado la planta de marihuana como medicamento. La marihuana sigue siendo ilegal a nivel federal.</p> <p>Sin embargo, los científicos han estudiado los efectos de los cannabinoides, las sustancias químicas de la marihuana. Los dos cannabinoides principales que son de interés médico son el tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) y el cannabidiol (CBD). La FDA ha aprobado dos medicamentos que contienen THC. Estos tratan las náuseas causadas por la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a> y aumentan el apetito en pacientes con pérdida severa de peso por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">sida</a>. También hay un medicamento líquido que contiene CBD. Trata dos formas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html">epilepsia</a> infantil severa. Los científicos están haciendo más investigaciones con la marihuana y sus ingredientes para tratar muchas enfermedades y condiciones.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Abuso de Drogas</p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Marijuana Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Consumo de drogas y la adicción Abuso de marihuana Cannabis Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Cannabis Ganja Grass Hash Pot Weed <h3>What is marijuana?</h3> <p>Marijuana is a green, brown, or gray mix of dried, crumbled parts from the marijuana plant. The plant contains chemicals which act on your brain and can change your mood or consciousness.</p> <h3>How do people use marijuana?</h3> <p>There are many different ways that people use marijuana, including:</p><ul> <li>Rolling it up and smoking it like a cigarette or cigar</li> <li>Smoking it in a pipe</li> <li>Mixing it in food and eating it</li> <li>Brewing it as a tea</li> <li>Smoking oils from the plant ("dabbing")</li> <li>Using electronic vaporizers ("vaping")</li> </ul> <h3>What are the effects of marijuana?</h3> <p>Marijuana can cause both short-term and long-term effects.</p> <p><strong>Short term:</strong></p> <p>While you are high, you may experience:</p><ul> <li>Altered senses, such as seeing brighter colors</li> <li>Altered sense of time, such as minutes seeming like hours</li> <li>Changes in mood</li> <li>Problems with body movement</li> <li>Trouble with thinking, problem-solving, and memory</li> <li>Increased appetite</li> </ul> <p><strong>Long term:</strong></p> <p>In the long term, marijuana can cause health problems, such as:</p><ul> <li>Problems with brain development. People who started using marijuana as teenagers may have trouble with thinking, memory, and learning.</li> <li>Coughing and breathing problems, if you smoke marijuana frequently</li> <li>Problems with child development <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">during</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html">after</a> pregnancy, if a woman smokes marijuana <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">while pregnant</a></li> </ul> <h3>Can you overdose on marijuana?</h3> <p>It is possible to overdose on marijuana, if you take a very high dose. Symptoms of an overdose include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, panic, and a rapid heartbeat. In rare cases, an overdose can cause paranoia and hallucinations. There are no reports of people dying from using just marijuana.</p> <h3>Is marijuana addictive?</h3> <p>After using marijuana for a while, it is possible to get addicted to it. You are more likely to become addicted if you use marijuana every day or you started using it when you were a teenager. If you are addicted, you will have a strong need to take the drug. You may also need to smoke more and more of it to get the same high. When you try to quit, you may have mild withdrawal symptoms such as:</p><ul> <li>Irritability</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html">Trouble sleeping</a></li> <li>Decreased appetite</li> <li>Anxiety</li> <li>Cravings</li> </ul> <h3>What is medical marijuana?</h3> <p>The marijuana plant has chemicals that can help with some health problems. More states are making it legal to use the plant as medicine for certain medical conditions. But there isn't enough research to show that the whole plant works to treat or cure these conditions. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved the marijuana plant as a medicine. Marijuana is still illegal at the national level.</p> <p>However, there have been scientific studies of cannabinoids, the chemicals in marijuana. The two main cannabinoids that are of medical interest are THC and CBD. The FDA has approved two drugs that contain THC. These drugs treat nausea caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a> and increase appetite in patients who have severe weight loss from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">AIDS</a>. There is also a liquid drug that contains CBD. It treats two forms of severe childhood <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html">epilepsy</a>. Scientists are doing more research with marijuana and its ingredients to treat many diseases and conditions.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse</p> Substance Use and Disorders Marihuana Marijuana Use Medical Marijuana Marijuana Abuse Spanish National Institute on Drug Abuse Drug Use and Addiction Cannabis Specifics Food and Drug Administration Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Teenagers Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert Drug Enforcement Administration Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Related Issues American Thoracic Society PDF Images Drug Enforcement Administration Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Teenagers American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Multiple Sclerosis Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Find an Expert Partnership to End Addiction Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Women Food and Drug Administration <p>A mastectomy is surgery to remove a breast or part of a breast. It is usually done to treat <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html">breast cancer</a>. Types of breast surgery include:</p><ul> <li>Total (simple) mastectomy - removal of breast tissue and nipple</li> <li>Modified radical mastectomy - removal of the breast, most of the lymph nodes under the arm, and often the lining over the chest muscles</li> <li>Lumpectomy - surgery to remove the tumor and a small amount of normal tissue around it</li> </ul> <p>Which surgery you have depends on the stage of cancer, size of the tumor, size of the breast, and whether the lymph nodes are involved. Many women have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastreconstruction.html">breast reconstruction</a> to rebuild the breast after a mastectomy.</p> <p>Sometimes mastectomy is done to prevent breast cancer. Only high-risk patients have this type of surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Women Surgery and Rehabilitation Female Reproductive System Mastectomía Mastectomy Spanish National Cancer Institute Breast Cancer Breast Reconstruction Lymphedema Lumpectomy Find an Expert American Cancer Society Start Here Susan G. Komen for the Cure PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Susan G. Komen for the Cure Living With American Cancer Society Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Susan G. Komen for the Cure <p>Una mastectomía es una cirugía para extirpar un seno. Se realiza para tratar o para prevenir el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html">cáncer de seno</a>. La cirugía preventiva se practica solamente en pacientes de alto riesgo. Existen cuatro tipos principales:</p><ul> <li> Mastectomía total: Extirpación del tejido mamario y del pezón </li> <li> Mastectomía radical modificada: Extirpación del seno, la mayoría de los ganglios linfáticos axilares y, con frecuencia, la membrana que recubre los músculos del pecho</li> <li> Lumpectomía: Extirpación del tumor y algo del tejido sano alrededor de éste </li> </ul> <p>El tipo de cirugía que se decida dependerá del estado del cáncer, el tamaño del tumor, el tamaño del seno y la afectación de ganglios linfáticos. Muchas mujeres se someten a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastreconstruction.html">reconstrucción del seno</a> para reconstruir el seno después de una mastectomía.</p> <p>A veces, la mastectomía se hace para prevenir el cáncer de mama. Sólo los pacientes de alto riesgo tienen este tipo de cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Mujeres Cirugía y rehabilitación Sistema reproductor femenino Mastectomy Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de seno Linfedema Reconstrucción del seno Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Rubeola <p>Measles is an infectious disease caused by a virus. It spreads easily from person to person. It causes a blotchy red rash. The rash often starts on the head and moves down the body. Other symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Fever</li> <li>Cough</li> <li>Runny nose</li> <li>Conjunctivitis (pink eye)</li> <li>Feeling achy and run down</li> <li>Tiny white spots inside the mouth</li> </ul> <p>Sometimes measles can lead to serious problems. There is no treatment for measles, but the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine can prevent it.</p> <p>"German measles", also known as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rubella.html">rubella</a>, is a completely different illness.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Children and Teenagers Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Sarampión Measles Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Indonesian Italian Japanese Khmer Korean Marshallese Pashto Polish Portuguese Punjabi Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Childhood Vaccines Rubeola Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues World Health Organization Start Here Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Find an Expert National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Images Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration <p>Medicaid is government <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthinsurance.html">health insurance</a> that helps many low-income people in the United States to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/financialassistance.html">pay their medical bills</a>. The Federal government sets up general guidelines for the program, but each state has its own rules. Your state might require you to pay a part of the cost for some medical services. </p> <p>You have to meet certain requirements to get Medicaid help. These might involve:</p><ul> <li>Your age</li> <li>Whether you are pregnant, blind, or have a disability</li> <li>Your income and resources</li> <li>Whether or not you are a U.S. citizen or, if not, what your immigration status is</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services</p> Health System Medicaid Medicaid Spanish Insurance Learn More Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Learn More Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Learn More Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Start Here Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Learn More Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Learn More Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Start Here Learn More Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Journal Articles <p>Medicaid es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthinsurance.html">seguro de salud</a> del gobierno estadounidense que ayuda a muchas personas de bajos ingresos en país para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/financialassistance.html">pagar sus cuentas médicas</a>. El gobierno federal establece pautas generales para el programa, pero es importante saber que cada estado tiene sus propias reglas. En este sentido, su estado puede requerir que usted pague una parte del costo de algunos servicios médicos.</p> <p>Usted necesita cumplir con ciertos requisitos para recibir ayuda de Medicaid. Entre estos se encuentran:</p> <ul> <li> Su edad</li> <li> Si hay un embarazo, tiene una discapacidad o ceguera </li> <li> Sus ingresos y recursos </li> <li> Si usted es o no ciudadano de Estados Unidos, y si no, cuál es su estatus migratorio </li> </ul> <p class="">Centro para los Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid </p> Sistemas de salud Medicaid Seguros Más información Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Más información Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Más información Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Más información Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Seguro Social En inglés y español <p>A medical device is any product used to diagnose, cure, or treat a condition, or to prevent disease. They range from small and simple, like a blood glucose meter, to large and complicated, like a ventilator. You might use one at home or at work, or you may need one in a hospital.</p> <p>To use medical devices safely:</p><ul> <li>Know how your device works. Keep instructions close by</li> <li>Understand and properly respond to device alarms</li> <li>Have a back-up plan and supplies in the event of an emergency</li> <li>Keep emergency numbers available and update them as needed</li> <li>Educate your family and caregivers about your device</li> </ul> <p class="">Food and Drug Administration</p> Safety Issues Seguridad de los equipos médicos Equipment Safety Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Drug Safety Equipment Safety Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Specifics Food and Drug Administration Start Here Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Journal Articles <p> The field of ethics studies principles of right and wrong. There is hardly an area in medicine that doesn't have an ethical aspect. For example, there are ethical issues relating to :</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoflifeissues.html">End of life care</a>: Should a patient receive <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionalsupport.html">nutrition</a>? What about <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/advancedirectives.html">advance directives</a> and resuscitation orders?</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abortion.html">Abortion</a>: When does life begin? Is it ethical to terminate a pregnancy with a birth defect?</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">Genetic</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html">prenatal</a> testing: What happens if you are a carrier of a defect? What if testing shows that your unborn baby has a defect?</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">Birth control</a>: Should it be available to minors?</li> <li>Is it ethical to harvest embryonic <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">stem cells</a> to treat diseases?</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organdonation.html">Organ donation</a>: Must a relative donate an organ to a sick relative?</li> <li>Your personal health information: who has access to your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthrecords.html">records</a>?</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/patientrights.html">Patient rights</a>: Do you have the right to refuse treatment?</li> <li>When you <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html">talk with your doctor</a>, is it ethical for her to withhold information from you or your family?</li> </ul> Social/Family Issues Health System Personal Health Issues Ethics, Medical Bioethics Learn More AGS Health in Aging Foundation Learn More National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Learn More Hastings Center Learn More National Resource Center on Psychiatric Advance Directives Journal Articles Learn More National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Learn More American Hospice Foundation Learn More National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Medicinas Remedios <p>Los medicamentos pueden tratar enfermedades y mejorar su salud. Si es como la mayoría de las personas, seguramente ha tomado un medicamento en algún momento de su vida. Es posible que deba tomar medicamentos todos los días o que solo necesite tomar medicamentos de vez en cuando. De cualquier manera, debe asegurarse de que sus medicamentos sean seguros y que lo ayudarán a mejorar. En los Estados Unidos, la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA, por sus siglas en inglés) está a cargo de garantizar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsafety.html">seguridad</a> y efectividad de medicinas con y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html">sin receta</a>.</p> <p>Siempre hay riesgos al tomar medicamentos. Es importante pensar en estos riesgos antes de tomarlos. Incluso los medicamentos seguros pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">efectos secundarios</a> no deseados o interacciones con alimentos, alcohol u otros medicamentos que esté tomando. Es posible que algunos medicamentos no sean seguros durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html">embarazo</a>. Para reducir el riesgo de reacciones y asegurarse que lo va a ayudar a sentirse mejor, es importante que tome sus medicamentos en forma <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html">correcta</a>. También debe tener cuidado al administrar medicamentos a los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html">niños</a>, ya que pueden ser más sensibles a sus efectos.</p> Tratamiento con medicamentos Medicines Analgésicos Antibióticos Errores en la administración de medicamentos Interacciones y efectos secundarios de los medicamentos Medicamentos sin receta médica Medicamentos y los niños Medicina complementaria e integral Medicina herbaria Medicinas durante el embarazo Quimioterapia para el cáncer Seguridad de los medicamentos Vitaminas Información sobre medicinas Medicinas, Información sobre las Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Medicamentos de venta libre Medicinas de venta libre Medicinas sin receta médica Remedios sin receta médica <p>Los medicamentos sin receta médica son medicamentos de venta libre que se pueden comprar sin receta médica. Algunas alivian el dolor y la picazón. Otras previenen o curan enfermedades, como las caries dentales o el pie de atleta. También ayudan a controlar problemas recurrentes, como las migrañas y alergias. </p> <p>En los Estados Unidos, la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA, por su sigla en inglés) decide si un medicamento es suficientemente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugsafety.html">seguro</a> y efectivo para ser vendido sin una receta médica. Esto le permite a usted tener un rol más activo en su cuidado de salud. Pero también tiene que ser cuidadoso para evitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html">errores</a>. Cerciórese de seguir las instrucciones de la etiqueta del medicamento. Si no entiende estas instrucciones, consulte con su farmacéutico o su proveedor de salud. </p> <p>También tenga presente que existen algunos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">riesgos</a> al tomar medicinas de venta libre:</p> <ul> <li>La medicina que está tomando puede interactuar con otras medicinas, suplementos, alimentos o bebidas</li> <li>Algunas causan problemas en personas con determinadas afecciones médicas. Por ejemplo, las personas con hipertensión no deben tomar ciertos descongestionantes</li> <li>Algunas personas son alérgicas a ciertas medicinas</li> <li>Muchas medicinas no son seguras durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html">embarazo</a>. Si está embarazada, hable con su médico antes de tomar cualquier medicina</li> <li>Sea cuidadoso antes de dar alguna medicina a su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicinesandchildren.html">hijo</a>. Asegúrese de darle la dosis correcta. Si le está dando una medicina líquida, no use una cuchara de cocina. Utilice una cuchara con medidas o una taza que incluya medidas en cucharaditas</li> </ul> <p>Si está tomando una medicina de venta libre y los síntomas no desaparecen, hable con su proveedor de salud. No debería tomar más de ese medicamento de venta libre o una dosis más alta que la recomendada en la etiqueta.</p> <p class="">Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos </p> Tratamiento con medicamentos Over-the-Counter Medicines Analgésicos Errores en la administración de medicamentos Interacciones y efectos secundarios de los medicamentos Medicamentos Medicamentos y los niños Medicinas para la tos y el resfrío Seguridad de los medicamentos Acerca de sus medicinas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Cómo darle la medicina al niño Remedios y los niños Seguridad de los remedios y los niños <p>Los niños no son solo pequeños adultos. Es muy importante recordar esto al darles <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicines.html">medicamentos</a>. Darle a un niño la dosis incorrecta o un medicamento que no es para ellos puede tener efectos secundarios graves.</p> <p>Las etiquetas (o prospecto adjunto) de los medicamentos recetados tienen una sección sobre "uso pediátrico" que indica si los efectos de esa medicina se han estudiado en niños. También señala las edades de los niños en el estudio. Algunos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html">medicamentos de venta libre</a>, como los que tratan la fiebre y el dolor, se han estudiado para determinar su efectividad, seguridad o cantidad adecuada en los niños. Pero muchos otros no han sido estudiados. Es importante leer las etiquetas con cuidado para asegurarse de que el medicamento es el adecuado para su hijo.</p> <p>Estas son algunas sugerencias para dar medicamentos en forma segura a su hijo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Lea y siga las instrucciones de la etiqueta cada vez que use esa medicina</strong>: Preste especial atención a las instrucciones de uso y advertencias</li> <li><strong>Esté atento a posibles problemas</strong>: Llame a su proveedor de atención médica o farmacéutico de inmediato si:</li> <ul> <li>Nota nuevos síntomas o efectos secundarios inesperados en su hijo</li> <li>El medicamento no parece estar funcionando cuando debería. Por ejemplo, los antibióticos pueden tardar unos días en comenzar a funcionar, pero un analgésico generalmente comienza a tener efecto poco después de que su hijo lo tome</li> </ul> <li><strong>Conozca las abreviaturas para las cantidades de medicamentos</strong>:</li> <ul> <li>Cda: Cucharada (en inglés tbsp: tablespoon)</li> <li>Cdta: Cucharadita (en inglés tsp: teaspoon)</li> <li>Mg: Miligramo </li> <li>Ml: Mililitro</li> <li>Oz: Onza </li> </ul> <li><strong>Use el utensilio correcto para la dosis</strong>: Si la etiqueta dice dos cucharaditas y usted está usando una taza dosificadora que mide las onzas, no intente adivinar cuántas cucharaditas serían. Obtenga el utensilio de medición adecuado. Tampoco use otra cosa, como una cuchara de cocina</li> <li><strong>Confirme con su proveedor de atención médica o farmacéutico antes de darle dos medicamentos al mismo tiempo</strong>: De esta forma, puede evitar una posible sobredosis o una interacción no deseada</li> <li><strong>Siga las recomendaciones de límite de edad y peso</strong>: Si la etiqueta dice que no le dé a niños menores de cierta edad o peso, no lo haga</li> <li><strong>Siempre use la tapa a prueba de niños y vuelva a cerrar el frasco después de cada uso</strong>: Además, mantenga todos los medicamentos fuera del alcance de los niños</li> <li><strong>Si tiene alguna pregunta hable con su proveedor de atención médica o farmacéutico</strong></li> </ul> <p class="">Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos </p> Niños y adolescentes Tratamiento con medicamentos Medicines and Children Analgésicos Antibióticos Medicamentos Medicamentos sin receta médica Medicinas para la tos y el resfrío Niños y los medicamentos Remedios y los niños Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>Medicare is the U.S. government's health insurance program for people age 65 or older. Some people under age 65 can qualify for Medicare, too. They include those with disabilities, permanent kidney failure, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</p> <p>Medicare helps with the cost of health care. It does not cover all medical expenses or the cost of most long-term care. The program has four parts:</p> <ul> <li>Part A is hospital insurance</li> <li>Part B helps pay for medical services that Part A doesn't cover</li> <li>Part C is called Medicare Advantage. If you have Parts A and B, you can choose this option to receive all of your health care through a provider organization, like an HMO.</li> <li>Part D is prescription drug coverage. It helps pay for some medicines.</li> </ul> Older Adults Health System Medicare Medicare Part D Medicare Spanish Financial Assistance Health Insurance Insurance Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Health Check Tools Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Start Here Social Security Administration PDF Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Start Here Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services <p>Medicare es el programa de seguro de salud del gobierno de los Estados Unidos para personas mayores de 65 años. Algunas personas menores de 65 años también pueden reunir los requisitos para Medicare, incluyendo a aquellas con discapacidades, insuficiencia renal permanente o esclerosis lateral amiotrófica.</p> <p>Medicare ayuda con el costo de la atención de la salud, pero no cubre todos los gastos médicos ni el costo de la mayoría de los cuidados a largo plazo. El programa tiene cuatro partes:</p> <ul> <li> La parte A es un seguro hospitalario. </li> <li> La parte B ayuda a pagar los servicios médicos que la parte A no cubre. </li> <li> La parte C se llama Medicare Advantage. Si usted tiene las partes A y B, se puede seleccionar esta opción para recibir toda la atención médica a través de una organización proveedora, como una HMO. </li> <li> La parte D es la cobertura de medicamentos recetados. Ayuda a pagar algunas medicinas. </li> </ul> Personas mayores Sistemas de salud Medicare Asistencia económica Seguro de salud Seguros Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Seguro Social PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Información de referencia Spanish/Español Administración de Seguro Social En inglés y español <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html">Medicines</a> treat infectious diseases, prevent problems from chronic diseases, and ease pain. But medicines can also cause harmful <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">reactions</a> if not used correctly. Errors can happen in the hospital, at the health care provider's office, at the pharmacy, or at home. You can help prevent errors by:</p><ul> <li><strong>Knowing your medicines.</strong> When you get a prescription, ask the name of the medicine and check to make sure that the pharmacy gave you the right medicine. Make sure that you understand how often you should take the medicine and how long you should take it.</li> <li><strong>Keeping a list of medicines.</strong></li> <ul> <li>Write down all of the medicines that you are taking, including the names of your medicines, how much you take, and when you take them. Make sure to include any <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html">over-the-counter medicines</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html">supplements</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html">herbs</a> that you take.</li> <li>List the medicines that you are allergic to or that have caused you problems in the past.</li> <li>Take this list with you every time you see a health care provider.</li> </ul> <li><strong>Reading medicine labels and following the directions.</strong> Don't just rely on your memory - read the medication label every time. Be especially careful when giving medicines to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html">children</a>.</li> <li><strong>Asking questions.</strong> If you don't know the answers to these questions, ask your health care provider or pharmacist:</li> <ul> <li>Why am I taking this medicine?</li> <li>What are the common side effects?</li> <li>What should I do if I have side effects?</li> <li>When should I stop this medicine?</li> <li>Can I take this medicine with the other medicines and supplements on my list?</li> <li>Do I need to avoid certain foods or alcohol while taking this medicine?</li> </ul> </ul> <p class="">Food and Drug Administration</p> Drug Therapy Errores en la administración de medicamentos Prescription Drug Misuse Medication Errors Spanish Drug Reactions Medicines Medicines and Children Over-the-Counter Medicines Patient Safety Drug Errors Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Institute for Safe Medication Practices Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Specifics Joint Commission PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read <p>Muchos estadounidenses usan tratamientos que no son parte de la medicina tradicional o convencional. Estos tratamientos pueden llamarse complementarios, integrativos o alternativos. </p> <p>La medicina complementaria se usa junto con la medicina convencional. Por ejemplo, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html">acupuntura</a> puede aliviar los efectos secundarios del tratamiento para el cáncer. Cuando doctores u hospitales brindan ambos tipos de cuidados juntos y de forma coordinada, se llama medicina integral. Cuando no se usa junto con la medicina convencional se le llama alternativa. </p> <p>Los beneficios de estos tratamientos no tradicionales pueden sonar promisorios. Sin embargo, los investigadores no conocen la seguridad de muchos tratamientos de medicina alternativa ni saben si funcionan bien. Se están realizando estudios para determinar la seguridad y la utilidad de muchas de estas prácticas. </p> <p>Para reducir los riesgos de un tratamiento no tradicional:</p><ul> <li>Hable con su doctor. Estos tratamientos pueden interactuar con ciertos medicamentos</li> <li>Infórmese sobre qué dicen los estudios científicos</li> <li>Elija los profesionales con mucho cuidado</li> <li>Cuéntele a su doctor o profesional todos los tratamientos que usted este usando</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral </p> Bienestar y estilo de vida Terapias complementarias y alternativas Complementary and Integrative Medicine Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral Acupuntura Medicina herbaria Quiropráctica Terapia alternativa para el cáncer Homeopatía Medicina complementaria Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Suplementos de hierbas <p>Una hierba es una planta o una parte de una planta que se usa por su aroma, sabor o propiedades terapéuticas. Los productos de la medicina herbolaria son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html">suplementos dietéticos</a>. Se venden como píldoras, cápsulas, polvos, tés, extractos o como plantas frescas o secas. Las personas las toman para mejorar su salud. </p> <p>Muchos creen que los productos etiquetados "natural" son siempre seguros y buenos para ellos. Esto no es necesariamente cierto. Las hierbas medicinales no pasan por el mismo control y pruebas que las medicinas convencionales. Ciertas hierbas, como la consuelda y efedra pueden causar daños severos. Algunas hierbas pueden interactuar con medicamentos de receta o de venta libre. </p> <p>Si usted está considerando usar hierbas medicinales, primero busque información de fuentes confiables. Asegúrese de avisarle a su médico sobre cualquier hierba que este tomando. </p> <p class="">NIH: Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral </p> Bienestar y estilo de vida Terapias complementarias y alternativas Herbal Medicine Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral Medicina complementaria e integral Suplementos en la dieta Terapia alternativa para el cáncer Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Medicamentos durante el embarazo Remedios durante el embarazo Uso de medicamentos durante el embarazo <p>No todos los medicamentos son seguros para tomar cuando usted está <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazada</a>. Algunos pueden dañar a su bebé. Estos incluyen los medicamentos de venta libre o con receta, hierbas y suplementos. </p> <p>Siempre hable con su doctor antes de comenzar o dejar de tomar algún medicamento. A veces, no usar un remedio puede ser más perjudicial para usted y para su bebé que tomarlo. Por ejemplo, muchas mujeres embarazadas que tienen diabetes, asma, convulsiones y acidez estomacal toman medicamentos de receta. La decisión de tomarlos o no depende de los riesgos y beneficios. Usted y su proveedor de cuidados de salud deberían tomar esta decisión juntos. </p> <p>Las mujeres embarazadas no deberían tomar vitaminas regulares ya que podrían tener demasiado o muy poco de las vitaminas que necesitan. Existen vitaminas especiales para las mujeres embarazadas. Es importante tomar 0.4 mg de ácido fólico todos los días antes de quedar embarazada y al principio de su embarazo. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html">ácido fólico</a> ayuda a prevenir problemas congénitos del cerebro y la columna vertebral. </p> <p class="">Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos</p> Embarazo y reproducción Genética y defectos congénitos Pregnancy and Medicines Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Defectos congénitos Embarazo y consumo de sustancias Preconcepción Riesgos para el sistema reproductivo Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal Embarazo, Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Hombres Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Hombres Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <h3>¿Qué es el colesterol?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> es una sustancia cerosa parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su organismo. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para funcionar bien. Pero si tiene demasiado colesterol en su sangre, se puede pegar en las paredes de sus arterias, estrechándolas o incluso bloqueándolas. Esto lo pone en riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a> y otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a>.</p> <p>El colesterol se produce en su hígado. Viaja por la sangre en proteínas llamadas lipoproteínas. Un tipo de lipoproteína, colesterol de baja densidad, o LDL por su sigla en inglés, a veces es llamado colesterol "malo". Un nivel alto de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL</a> lleva a una acumulación de placa en las arterias. El colesterol de alta densidad, o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL</a> en inglés, en ocasiones se llama colesterol "bueno". Transporta el colesterol de otras partes del cuerpo de vuelta al hígado, donde se elimina.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el colesterol alto?</h3> <p>Si tiene colesterol alto, cambios saludables en el estilo de vida pueden ayudarle a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html">bajar sus niveles de colesterol</a>. Pero, a veces, estos cambios no son suficientes y debe tomar medicinas para bajar el colesterol. De todas maneras, debe seguir con los cambios en el estilo de vida a pesar de que esté tomando medicamentos.</p> <h3>¿Quién necesita tomar medicamentos para el colesterol?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede recetarle medicinas para bajar el colesterol si:</p> <ul> <li>Ya ha tenido un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque al corazón</a> o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a>, o tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralarterialdisease.html">enfermedad arterial periférica</a></li> <li>Su nivel de colesterol malo (LDL) es de 190 mg/dL o más</li> <li>Tiene entre 40 y 75 años, tiene diabetes y su nivel de colesterol malo es de 70 mg/dL o más</li> <li>Tiene entre 40 y 75 años, tiene un alto riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardíaca o accidente cerebrovascular, y su nivel de colesterol malo es de 70 mg/dL o mayor</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de medicamentos para el colesterol?</h3> <p>Existen varios tipos de medicamentos disponibles para reducir el colesterol, que incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/statins.html">Estatinas</a></strong>: Reducen la cantidad de colesterol producido en el hígado. También aumentan la capacidad del hígado para eliminar el colesterol LDL que ya se encuentra en la sangre. Las estatinas son los medicamentos más comunes utilizados para tratar el colesterol </li> <li><strong>Secuestradores de ácidos biliares</strong>: Impiden que el cuerpo absorba los ácidos biliares, que digieren las grasas y los aceites. Pero su cuerpo necesita ácidos biliares, por lo que su hígado producirá más. Los produce descomponiendo el colesterol malo, por lo que ayuda a reducir el colesterol LDL. Su profesional de la salud puede recetarle estos medicamentos si no puede tomar estatinas o si las estatinas por sí solas no bajan lo suficiente su colesterol</li> <li><strong>Inhibidores de la absorción de colesterol</strong>: Bloquean la forma en que su cuerpo absorbe el colesterol. También se usan si no puede tomar estatinas o si las estatinas por sí solas no bajan lo suficiente su colesterol</li> <li><strong>Ácido nicotínico (niacina)</strong>: Tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html">vitamina B</a>. Reduce la cantidad de grasas producidas por el hígado, lo que baja el colesterol LDL y los triglicéridos. La niacina, además, aumenta el colesterol HDL. Aunque puede comprar niacina sin receta médica, debe hablar con su profesional de la salud antes de tomarla. Las dosis altas de niacina pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">efectos secundarios graves</a></li> <li><strong>Inhibidores de la PCSK9</strong>: Estas medicinas se inyectan en su piel. Bloquean una proteína llamada PCSK9. Esto ayuda a su hígado a remover y eliminar el colesterol malo de su sangre. Su profesional de la salud puede recetarle un inhibidor de PCSK9 y una estatina si tiene un alto riesgo de sufrir complicaciones como un ataque cardíaco o un accidente cerebrovascular, o si tiene hipercolesterolemia familiar, un trastorno hereditario que provoca niveles muy altos de colesterol en la sangre</li> <li><strong>Fibratos</strong>: Reducen los triglicéridos de varias formas complejas, incluyendo la reducción de la cantidad de triglicéridos producidos por el hígado. También pueden ayudar a aumentar el colesterol HDL y puede bajar un poco los niveles de LDL. Si los toma con estatinas, podría aumentar el riesgo de efectos secundarios</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos combinados</strong>:Incluyen más de un tipo de medicina para bajar el colesterol. También hay medicamentos combinados que pueden tratar tanto la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a> como el colesterol</li> </ul> <p>También hay otros medicamentos para el colesterol (lomitapide y mipomersen) que son solo para personas que tienen hipercolesterolemia familiar.</p> <h3>¿Cómo decide mi profesional de la salud qué medicamento para el colesterol debo tomar?</h3> <p>Al decidir qué medicamento debe tomar y qué dosis necesita, su proveedor de atención médica considerará:</p> <ul> <li>Sus niveles de colesterol</li> <li>Su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca y accidente cerebrovascular (derrame cerebral o ACV)</li> <li>Su edad</li> <li>Cualquier otro problema de salud que tenga</li> <li>Posibles efectos secundarios de los medicamentos. Las dosis más altas tienen más probabilidades de causar efectos secundarios, especialmente con el tiempo</li> </ul> <p>Los medicamentos pueden ayudar a controlar su colesterol, pero no lo curan. Debe seguir tomando sus medicamentos y hacerse controles de colesterol regulares para asegurarse de que sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">niveles de colesterol</a> se encuentren en un rango saludable.</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Alimentos y nutrición Cholesterol Medicines Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Colesterol Cómo bajar su colesterol Enfermedades del corazón Estatinas Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber Triglicéridos Colesterol, Medicinas Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Medicamentos para el VIH Medicamentos para el sida Remedios para el VIH Remedios para el sida <h3>¿Qué es el VIH?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> significa virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Daña su sistema inmunitario al destruir las células CD4, un tipo de glóbulo blanco que combate las infecciones. La pérdida de estas células hace más difícil el luchar contra las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html">infecciones</a> y ciertos tipos de cáncer relacionados con el VIH.</p> <p>Sin tratamiento, el VIH puede destruir de a poco el sistema inmunitario y convertirse en sida, o síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. Es la etapa final de la infección con VIH. No todas las personas con VIH desarrollan sida.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la terapia antirretroviral?</h3> <p>El tratamiento con medicamentos para el VIH se llama terapia antirretroviral (TAR). Consiste en tomar una combinación de medicinas todos los días. Se recomienda para todas las personas que tienen VIH. Los medicamentos no curan la infección por VIH, pero ayudan a personas con VIH a vivir una vida más larga y saludable. También reducen el riesgo de propagar el virus a otros.</p> <h3>¿Cómo funcionan los medicamentos para el VIH?</h3> <p>Los medicamentos para el VIH reducen la cantidad de VIH, o carga viral, en su cuerpo, lo que ayuda al:</p> <ul> <li>Entregar a su sistema inmunitario la oportunidad de recuperarse. Aunque todavía hay algo de VIH en su cuerpo, su sistema inmunitario debe ser lo suficientemente fuerte como para combatir las infecciones y ciertos tipos de cáncer relacionados con el VIH</li> <li>Reducir el riesgo de transmitir el VIH a otras personas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de medicamentos para el VIH?</h3> <p>Existen varios tipos diferentes de medicamentos contra el VIH. Algunos funcionan bloqueando o cambiando las enzimas que el VIH necesita para hacer copias de sí mismo. Esto evita que el VIH se copie, lo que reduce la cantidad de VIH en el cuerpo. Varios medicamentos hacen esto:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa análogo de los nucleósidos (ITIN):</strong> Bloquean una enzima llamada transcriptasa inversa</li> <li><strong>Inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa no análogo de los nucleósidos (ITINN):</strong> Se unen a la enzima transcriptasa inversa y luego la cambian</li> <li><strong>Inhibidores de la integrasa (también llamados inhibidores de transferencia de cadenas de integrasa, o INSTI):</strong> Bloquean una enzima llamada integrasa</li> <li><strong>Inhibidores de la proteasa:</strong> Bloquean una enzima llamada proteasa</li> </ul> <p>Algunos tipos de medicamentos para el VIH y sida interfieren con la capacidad del VIH para infectar las células CD4 del sistema inmunitario:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Los inhibidores de fusión</strong> impiden que el VIH ingrese a las células</li> <li><strong>Los antagonistas de CCR5 y los inhibidores posfijación</strong> bloquean diferentes moléculas en las células CD4. Para infectar una célula, el VIH tiene que unirse a dos tipos de moléculas en la superficie de la célula. El bloqueo de cualquiera de estas moléculas evita que el VIH ingrese a las células</li> <li><strong>Los inhibidores de la unión</strong> se unen a una proteína específica en la superficie externa del VIH. Esto evita que el VIH ingrese a la célula</li> </ul> <p>Los <strong>potenciadores farmacocinéticos</strong> son otro tipo de medicina. A veces se toman junto con otros medicamentos para el VIH. Los potenciadores farmacocinéticos aumentan la eficacia del otro medicamento. Trabajan enlenteciendo la descomposición de la otra medicina que se está tomando. Esto permite que la medicina permanezca en una concentración más alta en el cuerpo por más tiempo.</p> <p>También hay <strong>combinaciones de múltiples medicamentos</strong> que incluyen una combinación de dos o más tipos diferentes de medicamentos contra el VIH.</p> <h3>¿Cuándo debo comenzar a tomar medicamentos para el VIH?</h3> <p>Es importante comenzar a tomar medicamentos para el VIH lo antes posible después del diagnóstico, especialmente si:</p> <ul> <li>Está <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html">embarazada</a></li> <li>Tiene sida</li> <li>Tiene ciertas enfermedades e infecciones relacionadas con el VIH</li> <li>Tiene una infección temprana o aguda por VIH (los primeros 6 meses después de la infección por VIH)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué más debo saber sobre tomar medicamentos para el VIH?</h3> <p>Usted y su profesional de la salud trabajarán juntos para elaborar un plan de tratamiento personalizado. Este plan se basará en muchos factores, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Los posibles efectos secundarios de los medicamentos</li> <li>Las posibles <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">interacciones</a> que pueda tener con otras medicinas que esté tomando</li> <li>Cuántas medicinas deba tomar cada día</li> <li>Otras afecciones de salud que pueda tener</li> </ul> <p>Es importante tomar sus medicamentos todos los días, siguiendo las instrucciones de su profesional de la salud. Si omite dosis o no sigue un horario regular, es posible que su tratamiento no funcione y que el virus del VIH se vuelva resistente a los medicamentos.</p> <p>Los medicamentos para el VIH pueden causar efectos secundarios. La mayoría de estos efectos son manejables, pero algunos pueden ser serios. Dígale a su profesional de la salud sobre cualquier efecto secundario que esté teniendo. No deje de tomar su medicamento sin antes hablar con su médico. Puede haber pasos que pueda tomar para ayudar a controlar los efectos secundarios. En algunos casos, su proveedor puede decidir cambiar sus medicamentos.</p> <h3>¿Qué son los medicamentos PrEP y PEP?</h3> <p>Los medicamentos contra el VIH no solo se utilizan para el tratamiento. Algunas personas los toman para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivprepandpep.html">prevenir el VIH</a>. La PrEP (profilaxis previa a la exposición) es para personas que aún no tienen VIH pero que tienen un riesgo muy alto de contraerlo. La PEP (profilaxis posterior a la exposición) es para personas que posiblemente hayan estado expuestas al VIH.</p> <p class="">Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los NIH</p> Sistema inmunitario Tratamiento con medicamentos HIV Medicines Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas VIH Viviendo con VIH Sida, Medicinas VIH, Medicinas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Infografía Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Información de referencia Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Medicamentos para la diabetes Remedios para la diabetes <h3>¿Qué es la diabetes?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> es una enfermedad en la que los niveles de <a href="../spanish/bloodsugar.html" tid="6122">glucosa (azúcar) de la sangre</a> están muy altos. Las células de su cuerpo necesitan glucosa para obtener energía. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa entre en las células.</p> <p>En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo 1</a>, el cuerpo no produce insulina. En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>, el cuerpo no la produce o no la usa bien. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa no puede ingresar a sus células tan rápido como de costumbre. La glucosa se acumula y causa niveles altos de azúcar en la sangre.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la diabetes?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para la diabetes pueden depender del tipo. Los tratamientos comunes incluyen un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html">plan de alimentación para diabéticos</a>, actividad física regular y medicamentos. Algunos tratamientos menos comunes son la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html">cirugía para bajar de peso</a> para ambos tipos y, para algunas personas con diabetes tipo 1, un páncreas artificial o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/isletcelltransplantation.html">trasplante de islotes pancreáticos</a>.</p> <h3>¿Quién necesita medicinas para la diabetes?</h3> <p>Las personas con diabetes tipo 1 necesitan tomar una medicina para la diabetes llamada insulina para controlar su azúcar en la sangre.</p> <p>Algunas personas con diabetes tipo 2 pueden controlar su nivel de azúcar en la sangre con una dieta saludable y actividad física. Pero para otros, un plan de alimentación para diabéticos y el ejercicio no son suficientes, por lo que deben tomar medicamentos para la diabetes.</p> <p>El tipo de medicamento que tome depende del tipo de diabetes, horario diario, costos de medicamentos y cualquier otra afección de salud que tenga. Con el tiempo, es posible que deba tomar más de un medicamento para la diabetes.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 1?</h3> <p>Si tiene diabetes tipo 1, debe usar insulina porque su cuerpo ya no la produce. Existen diferentes tipos de insulina que comienzan a funcionar a diferentes velocidades, y los efectos de cada uno duran un período de tiempo diferente. Su médico le medirá la glucosa en sangre para decidir el tipo de insulina. Es posible que necesite utilizar más de un tipo.</p> <p>También deberá controlar su nivel de azúcar en la sangre en casa. Su proveedor de atención médica le dirá con qué frecuencia. Los resultados de sus pruebas de azúcar en la sangre pueden ayudarlo a tomar decisiones sobre alimentos, actividad física y medicamentos.</p> <p>Puede tomar insulina de varias formas diferentes. Las más comunes son con una jeringa, una pluma o una bomba. Si usa una jeringa o una pluma (también llamada lápiz de insulina), debe inyectarse varias veces durante el día, incluso con las comidas. Una bomba de insulina le administra dosis pequeñas y constantes durante el día. Las formas menos comunes de tomar insulina incluyen inhaladores, puertos de inyección e inyectores tipo jet.</p> <p>En casos raros, tomar solo insulina puede no ser suficiente para controlar el azúcar en la sangre, por lo que necesitaría tomar otro medicamento para la diabetes.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2?</h3> <p>Existen varios medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2. Cada uno funciona de manera diferente. Muchos de ellos son pastillas. También hay medicamentos que se inyectan en la piel, como la insulina.</p> <p>Con el tiempo, es posible que necesite más de un medicamento para controlar el azúcar en la sangre. Puede agregar otra medicina para la diabetes o cambiar a un medicamento combinado. Un medicamento combinado contiene más de un tipo de medicina para la diabetes en una pastilla. Algunas personas con diabetes tipo 2 necesitan píldoras e inyecciones. </p> <p>Incluso si generalmente no toma insulina, es posible que la necesite en ciertos momentos, como durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html">embarazo</a> o si está en el hospital.</p> <h3>¿Qué más debo saber sobre tomar medicinas para la diabetes?</h3> <p>Aun si toma medicamentos para la diabetes, debe seguir una dieta saludable, no fumar, tomar sus otras medicinas y hacer actividad física regularmente. Esto le ayudará a controlar su diabetes.</p> <p>Es importante comprender su plan de tratamiento de la diabetes. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre:</p> <ul> <li>Cuál es su nivel objetivo de azúcar en la sangre</li> <li>Qué hacer si su nivel de azúcar en la sangre baja o sube demasiado</li> <li>Si sus medicamentos para la diabetes afectarán a otros medicamentos que toma</li> <li>Si va a tener cualquier efecto secundario por los medicamentos para la diabetes</li> </ul> <p>No debe cambiar ni suspender sus medicamentos para la diabetes por su cuenta. Hable primero con su profesional de la salud.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema endocrino Tratamiento con medicamentos Diabetes mellitus Diabetes Medicines Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Diabetes Diabetes en niños y adolescentes Diabetes tipo 1 Diabetes tipo 2 Diabetes, Medicinas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Enciclopedia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Medicamentos para la hipertensión Medicinas para la presión sanguínea Medicinas para la tensión arterial Remedios para la presión <h3>¿Qué es la presión arterial alta?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a>, también llamada hipertensión, ocurre cuando la sangre ejerce demasiada presión contra las paredes de las arterias. Casi la mitad de los estadounidenses adultos tiene presión arterial alta, generalmente sin síntomas. Sin embargo, esta puede causar problemas graves como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">fallo cardíaco</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque al corazón</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">insuficiencia renal</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar a bajar la presión arterial alta?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">Cambios saludables en el estilo de vida</a> pueden ayudar a bajar la presión arterial alta, como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">Perder peso</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Estar físicamente activo</a></li> <li>Controlar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a></li> <li>Reducir el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sodio </a> en su dieta</li> <li>Evitar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">tabaco</a> y las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas ilegales</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Dormir lo suficiente</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué ocurre si los cambios en el estilo de vida por sí solos no pueden bajar la presión arterial?</h3> <p>En ocasiones, los cambios en el estilo de vida por sí solos no pueden controlar o reducir su presión arterial alta. En este caso, su profesional de la salud puede recetarle medicamentos para la presión arterial.</p> <h3>¿Cómo actúan los medicamentos para la presión arterial?</h3> <p>Los medicamentos para la presión arterial más comunes actúan de diferentes maneras para reducir la presión arterial:</p> <ul> <li>Los <strong>inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina y los bloqueadores de los receptores de angiotensina II</strong> evitan que los vasos sanguíneos se estrechen demasiado y permiten que la sangre se mueva por ellos con menos presión</li> <li>Los <strong>bloqueadores de los canales de calcio</strong> evitan que el calcio ingrese a las células musculares del corazón y los vasos sanguíneos. Esto permite que los vasos sanguíneos se relajen</li> <li>Los <strong>betabloqueantes</strong> ayudan a que su corazón lata más lento y con menos fuerza. Esto significa que su corazón bombea menos sangre a través de sus vasos sanguíneos. En general, los bloqueadores beta se usan solo como una opción de respaldo o si también tiene otras afecciones específicas</li> <li>Los <strong>diuréticos</strong> eliminan el exceso de agua y sodio (sal) de su cuerpo. Esto reduce la cantidad de líquido en su sangre. A menudo, los diuréticos se usan con otros medicamentos para la presión arterial alta, a veces en una sola píldora combinada</li> </ul> <p>A menudo, dos o más medicamentos funcionan mejor que uno. Si estos medicamentos no reducen su presión arterial lo suficiente, su profesional de la salud puede sugerir que tome otro tipo de medicamento para la presión arterial.</p> <p>Mientras toma los medicamentos, es importante mantenerse al día con los cambios saludables en su estilo de vida. Hacer ambas cosas ayuda a mantener la presión arterial más baja que los cambios en el estilo de vida o los medicamentos por sí solos.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Tratamiento con medicamentos Blood Pressure Medicines Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Presión arterial alta Hipertensión, Medicamentos Presión arterial, Medicinas Presión sanguínea, Medicinas Presión, Remedios Tensión arterial, Medicinas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Medicamentos para la tos y el resfrío Remedios para el resfrío Remedios para la tos <h3>¿Qué son las medicinas para la tos y el resfrío?</h3> <p>Los medicamentos para el resfriado y la tos pueden ayudar a aliviar los síntomas de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfrío</a> común. Los síntomas de un resfriado pueden incluir dolor de garganta, congestión nasal o secreción nasal, estornudos y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">tos</a>.</p> <p>En general, no se necesita tratar un resfriado o la tos que causa. No se puede curar un resfriado y los antibióticos no le ayudarán a mejorar. Pero a veces los síntomas pueden mantenerlo despierto o causar mucha incomodidad. En ese caso, en ocasiones los medicamentos para el resfriado y la tos pueden ayudar.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de medicinas para la tos y el resfrío?</h3> <p>Hay muchos medicamentos diferentes para el resfriado y la tos, y hacen cosas diferentes:</p> <ul> <li>Descongestionantes nasales: Desbloquean la nariz tapada</li> <li>Antitusígenos: Calman la tos</li> <li>Expectorantes: Aflojan la mucosidad de los pulmones para que pueda eliminarla</li> <li> Antihistamínicos: Paran la secreción nasal y los estornudos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">Analgésicos</a>: Alivian la fiebre, los dolores de cabeza y los dolores y molestias menores</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué debo saber antes de tomar medicinas para la tos y el resfrío?</h3> <p>Antes de tomar estos medicamentos, lea las etiquetas y siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente. Muchos medicamentos para el resfriado y la tos contienen los mismos ingredientes activos. Por ejemplo, algunos de ellos incluyen analgésicos. Si está tomando estos medicamentos y también está tomando un analgésico por separado, podría estar recibiendo una cantidad peligrosa del analgésico.</p> <p>No le dé medicamentos para el resfriado o la tos a niños menores de dos años, y no le dé aspirina a los niños.</p> <h3>¿Qué más puedo hacer para sentirme mejor por un resfriado o tos?</h3> <p>Si decide que no quiere tomar medicinas para la tos y el resfrío, hay otras maneras de sentirse mejor:</p> <ul> <li>Beba muchos líquidos</li> <li>Descanse lo suficiente</li> <li>Use un humidificador de vapor frío</li> <li>Use gotas o aerosoles nasales de solución salina</li> <li>Use succión nasal con una pera de goma, que puede ser muy útil en niños menores de un año</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Tratamiento con medicamentos Cold and Cough Medicines Resfrío Tos Jarabe para la tos Resfrío, Medicamentos Tos, Medicamentos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Drugs Medications <p>Medicines can treat diseases and improve your health. If you are like most people, you need to take medicine at some point in your life. You may need to take medicine every day, or you may only need to take medicine once in a while. Either way, you want to make sure that your medicines are safe, and that they will help you get better. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration is in charge of ensuring that your prescription and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html">over-the-counter</a> medicines are safe and effective.</p> <p>There are always risks to taking medicines. It is important to think about these risks before you take a medicine. Even safe medicines can cause unwanted <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">side effects or interactions</a> with food, alcohol, or other medicines you may be taking. Some medicines may not be safe during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html">pregnancy</a>. To reduce the risk of reactions and make sure that you get better, it is important for you to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html">take your medicines correctly</a>. You should also be careful when giving medicines to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html">children</a>, since they can be more vulnerable to the effects of medicines.</p> Drug Therapy Medicamentos Pharmaceutical Preparations Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese Antibiotics Cancer Chemotherapy Complementary and Integrative Medicine Drug Reactions Drug Safety Herbal Medicine Medication Errors Medicines and Children Over-the-Counter Medicines Pain Relievers Pregnancy and Medicines Vitamins About Your Medicines Drug Information Older Adults Food and Drug Administration Older Adults Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Food and Drug Administration Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Start Here Food and Drug Administration Start Here Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Statistics and Research National Library of Medicine National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Children National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Library of Medicine Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Video Journal Articles Related Issues Reference Desk Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Food and Drug Administration Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Statistics and Research National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Food and Drug Administration <p>Children aren't just small adults. It is especially important to remember this when giving <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicines.html">medicines</a> to children. Giving a child the wrong dose or a medicine that is not for children can have serious side effects.</p> <p>The drug labels for prescription medicines have a section on "Pediatric Use." It says whether the medicine has been studied for its effects on children. It also tells you which age groups were studied. Some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html">over-the-counter (OTC) medicines</a>, like those that treat fever and pain, have been studied for effectiveness, safety, or dosing in children. But many other OTC medicines have not. It is important to read the labels carefully, to make sure that the medicine is right for your child.</p> <p>Here are some other tips for giving medicine safely to your child:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Read and follow the label directions every time.</strong> Pay special attention to usage directions and warnings.</li> <li><strong>Watch out for problems.</strong> Contact your health care provider or pharmacist right away if</li> <ul> <li>You notice any new symptoms or unexpected side effects in your child</li> <li>The medicine doesn't appear to be working when you expect it to. For example, antibiotics may take a few days to start working, but a pain reliever usually starts working soon after your child takes it.</li> </ul> <li><strong>Know the abbreviations for the amounts of medicines:</strong></li> <ul> <li>Tablespoon (tbsp.)</li> <li>Teaspoon (tsp.)</li> <li>Milligram (mg.)</li> <li>Milliliter (mL.)</li> <li>Ounce (oz.)</li> </ul> <li><strong>Use the correct dosing device.</strong> If the label says two teaspoons and you're using a dosing cup with ounces only, don't try to guess how many teaspoons it would be. Get the proper measuring device. Don't substitute another item, such as a kitchen spoon.</li> <li><strong>Check with your health care provider or pharmacist before giving two medicines at the same time.</strong> That way, you can avoid a possible overdose or an unwanted interaction.</li> <li><strong>Follow age and weight limit recommendations.</strong> If the label says don't give to children under a certain age or weight, then don't do it.</li> <li><strong>Always use the child-resistant cap</strong> and re-lock the cap after each use. Also, keep all medicines out of the reach of children.</li> <li><strong>Ask your health care provider or pharmacist</strong> if you have any questions.</li> </ul> <p class="">Food and Drug Administration</p> Children and Teenagers Drug Therapy Medicamentos y los niños Drug Therapy Spanish Antibiotics Cold and Cough Medicines Medicines Over-the-Counter Medicines Pain Relievers Children and Medicines Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Video Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Nemours Foundation Controlar infecciones <p>Cada año mueren personas por la diseminación de infecciones en los hospitales. Quienes trabajan en la atención de salud pueden tomar medidas para evitar la diseminación de las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html">enfermedades infecciosas</a>. Estas medidas son parte del control de las infecciones.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">Lavarse las manos</a> correctamente es la forma más eficaz para prevenir que la propagación ocurra. Si es un paciente, no tema recordarles a sus amigos, familiares y profesionales de la salud que se laven las manos antes de acercarse a usted.</p> <p>Otras medidas que los profesionales de la salud pueden tomar incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Cubrirse la boca al toser o estornudar </li> <li> Mantener sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html">vacunas</a> al día </li> <li>Usar guantes, mascarillas y ropas protectoras </li> <li> Tener a mano pañuelos desechables y limpiadores de manos </li> <li> Seguir las normas del hospital cuando se lidie con sangre o artículos contaminados </li> </ul> Infecciones Asuntos de seguridad Infection Control Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Hepatitis Infecciones por estafilococo resistente a la meticilina VIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>Melanoma is the most serious type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html">skin cancer</a>. Often the first sign of melanoma is a change in the size, shape, color, or feel of a mole. Most melanomas have a black or black-blue area. Melanoma may also appear as a new mole. It may be black, abnormal, or "ugly looking."</p> <p>Thinking of "ABCDE" can help you remember what to watch for:</p> <ul> <li> Asymmetry - the shape of one half does not match the other</li> <li> Border - the edges are ragged, blurred or irregular</li> <li> Color - the color is uneven and may include shades of black, brown and tan</li> <li> Diameter - there is a change in size, usually an increase</li> <li>Evolving - the mole has changed over the past few weeks or months</li> </ul> <p>Surgery is the first treatment of all stages of melanoma. Other treatments include chemotherapy and radiation, biologic, and targeted therapies. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer. Targeted therapy uses substances that attack cancer cells without harming normal cells.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Skin, Hair and Nails Melanoma Melanoma Spanish National Cancer Institute Skin Cancer Sun Exposure Tanning Intraocular Melanoma Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Images VisualDX Start Here American Academy of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests VisualDX Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Cancer Society Images National Cancer Institute NIH Images National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society <p>El melanoma es el tipo más serio de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html">cáncer de piel</a>. Con frecuencia el primer signo de un melanoma es un cambio de tamaño, forma, color o textura de un lunar. La mayoría de los melanomas tienen un área negra o negra azulada. El melanoma también puede aparecer como un lunar nuevo. Puede ser negro, anormal o "de aspecto desagradable."</p> <p>Pensar en el "ABCDE" puede ayudarlo a recordar lo que debe vigilar:</p> <ul> <li> Asimetría: el contorno de una mitad no es igual al otro </li> <li> Bordes: los bordes son desiguales, borrosos o irregulares</li> <li> Color: el color es disparejo y puede incluir tonalidades negras, cafés y canela</li> <li> Diámetro: hay cambios en el tamaño, generalmente se vuelven más grandes.</li> <li> Evolución: cualquier cambio en el lunar en las últimas semanas o meses</li> </ul> <p>La cirugía es el primer tratamiento para todos los diferentes estadios del melanoma. Otros tratamientos incluyen quimioterapia y radiación, terapia biológica y terapia dirigida. La terapia biológica aumenta la propia capacidad del cuerpo para combatir el cáncer. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Piel, cabello y uñas Melanoma Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de piel Melanoma intraocular Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación contra el Cáncer de Piel Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología <p>Cada día, usted vive diferentes experiencias y aprende cosas nuevas. Su cerebro no puede almacenar toda esa información, por lo que tiene que decidir qué vale la pena recordar. La memoria es el proceso de almacenamiento para luego recordar esta información. Hay diferentes tipos de memoria. La memoria de corto plazo almacena información por unos pocos segundos o minutos. La memoria de largo plazo la almacena por un período más largo de tiempo.</p> <p>La memoria no funciona siempre a la perfección. A medida que envejece, puede tomar más tiempo para recordar las cosas.</p> <p>Es normal olvidar cosas de vez en cuando. Todos nos hemos olvidado un nombre, donde dejamos las llaves o si cerramos la puerta principal. Si usted es una persona mayor que olvida las cosas con más frecuencia que otras de su misma edad, es posible que tenga un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mildcognitiveimpairment.html">deterioro cognitivo leve</a>. Olvidar cómo utilizar su teléfono o encontrar su camino a casa pueden ser signos de un problema más grave, como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">Enfermedad de Alzheimer</a></li> <li>Otros tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">demencia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Ataque cerebral</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">Alcoholismo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html">Lesiones en la cabeza</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">Coágulos de sangre</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html">tumores</a> en el cerebro</li> <li>Problemas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">riñones</a>, de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hígado</a> o de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">tiroides</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">Reacciones a ciertos medicamentos</a></li> </ul> <p>Si usted está preocupado por sus problemas de memoria, consulte a su proveedor de atención médica.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento </p> Salud mental y conducta Personas mayores Cerebro y nervios Memory Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Demencia Deterioro cognitivo leve Enfermedad de Alzheimer Amnesia Pérdida de memoria Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Every day, you have different experiences and you learn new things. Your brain cannot store all of that information, so it has to decide what is worth remembering. Memory is the process of storing and then remembering this information. There are different types of memory. Short-term memory stores information for a few seconds or minutes. Long-term memory stores it for a longer period of time.</p> <p>Memory doesn't always work perfectly. As you grow older, it may take longer to remember things.</p> <p>It's normal to forget things once in a while. We've all forgotten a name, where we put our keys, or if we locked the front door. If you are an older adult who forgets things more often than others your age, you may have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mildcognitiveimpairment.html">mild cognitive impairment</a>. Forgetting how to use your phone or find your way home may be signs of a more serious problem, such as:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a></li> <li>Other types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html">dementia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html">Head injuries</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">Blood clots</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html">tumors</a> in the brain</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">Kidney</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">thyroid</a> problems</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">Reactions to certain medicines</a></li> </ul> <p>If you're worried about your forgetfulness, see your health care provider.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Mental Health and Behavior Older Adults Brain and Nerves Memoria Memory Memory Disorders Spanish Alzheimer's Disease Dementia Mild Cognitive Impairment Amnesia Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Sjogren's Syndrome Foundation PDF Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Alzheimer's Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute on Aging PDF NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH <p>Most men need to pay more attention to their health. Compared to women, men are more likely to:</p><ul> <li>Smoke and drink</li> <li>Make unhealthy or risky choices</li> <li>Put off regular checkups and medical care</li> </ul> <p>There are also health conditions that only affect men, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html">prostate cancer</a> and low testosterone. Many of the major health risks that men face - like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html">colon cancer</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a> - can be prevented and treated with early diagnosis. Screening tests can find diseases early, when they are easier to treat. It's important to get the screening tests you need.</p> Men Population Groups Salud de los hombres Men's Health Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hindi Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Enlarged Prostate (BPH) Erectile Dysfunction Penis Disorders Prostate Cancer Prostate Diseases Sexual Problems in Men Testicular Cancer Find an Expert Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Medical Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Endocrine Society Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Statistics and Research National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation PDF Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH <p>Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear. It can cause severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">dizziness</a>, a roaring sound in your ears called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tinnitus.html">tinnitus</a>, hearing loss that comes and goes and the feeling of ear pressure or pain. It usually affects just one ear. It is a common cause of hearing loss. </p> <p>Attacks of dizziness may come on suddenly or after a short period of tinnitus or muffled hearing. Some people have single attacks of dizziness once in a while. Others may have many attacks close together over several days. Some people with Meniere's disease have "drop attacks" during which the dizziness is so bad they lose their balance and fall.</p> <p>Scientists don't yet know the cause. They think that it has to do with the fluid levels or the mixing of fluids in the canals of your inner ear. Doctors diagnose it based on a physical exam and your symptoms. A hearing test can check to see how it has affected your hearing.</p> <p>There is no cure. Treatments include medicines to control dizziness, limiting salt in your diet, and taking water pills. A device that fits into the outer ear and delivers air pulses to the middle ear can help. Severe cases may require surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders </p> Ear, Nose and Throat Enfermedad de Ménière Meniere Disease Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Dizziness and Vertigo Ear Disorders Hearing Disorders and Deafness Vestibular Diseases Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Reference Desk National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Journal Articles Find an Expert Vestibular Disorders Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Spinal meningitis <p>Meningitis is inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, called the meninges. There are several types of meningitis. The most common is viral meningitis. You get it when a virus enters the body through the nose or mouth and travels to the brain. Bacterial meningitis is rare but can be deadly. It usually starts with bacteria that cause a cold-like infection. It can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">hearing loss</a>, and brain damage. It can also harm other organs. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumococcalinfections.html">Pneumococcal infections</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningococcaldisease.html">meningococcal infections</a> are the most common causes of bacterial meningitis.</p> <p>Anyone can get meningitis, but it is more common in people with weak immune systems. Meningitis can get serious very quickly. You should get medical care right away if you have:</p><ul> <li>A sudden high fever </li> <li>A severe headache </li> <li>A stiff neck </li> <li>Nausea or vomiting</li> </ul> <p>Early treatment can help prevent serious problems, including death. Tests to diagnose meningitis include blood tests, imaging tests, and a spinal tap to test cerebrospinal fluid. Antibiotics can treat bacterial meningitis. Antiviral medicines may help some types of viral meningitis. Other medicines can help treat symptoms.</p> <p>There are vaccines to prevent some of the bacterial infections that cause meningitis.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Infections Brain and Nerves Meningitis Meningitis Albanian Amharic Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Chuukese Dari Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Ilocano Italian Japanese Karen Khmer Kinyarwanda Korean Marshallese Nepali Oromo Pashto Pohnpeian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Russian Samoan Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Tigrinya Tongan Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Encephalitis Haemophilus Infections Meningococcal Disease Pneumococcal Infections Arachnoiditis Aseptic Meningitis Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics World Health Organization Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>La meningitis es la inflamación del tejido delgado que rodea el cerebro y la médula espinal, llamada meninge. Existen varios tipos de meningitis. La más común es la meningitis viral, que ocurre cuando un virus penetra en su organismo a través de la nariz o la boca y se traslada al cerebro. La meningitis bacteriana es rara, pero puede ser mortal. Suele comenzar con bacterias que causan infecciones parecidas a la gripe. Puede causar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">ataque cerebral</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">sordera</a> y lesiones cerebrales. También puede dañar otros órganos. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumococcalinfections.html">infecciones por neumococo</a> y las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningococcaldisease.html">infecciones meningocócicas</a> pueden causar meningitis bacteriana. </p> <p>Cualquier persona puede contraer meningitis, pero es más común en las personas con sistemas inmunitarios débiles. La meningitis puede agravarse muy rápido. Debe buscar atención médica de inmediato si presenta:</p> <ul> <li> Una fiebre súbita</li> <li> Dolor de cabeza fuerte</li> <li> Rigidez en el cuello</li> <li> Náuseas o vómitos </li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento temprano puede ayudar a prevenir problemas graves, incluyendo la muerte. Los exámenes para diagnosticar la meningitis incluyen análisis de sangre, pruebas de imágenes y una punción espinal para examinar el fluido cerebroespinal. Los antibióticos pueden tratar la meningitis bacteriana. Las medicinas antivirales pueden ayudar con algunos tipos de meningitis virales. Otras medicinas pueden ayudar a tratar otros síntomas. </p> <p>Existen vacunas para prevenir algunas de las infecciones bacterianas que causan meningitis. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Infecciones Cerebro y nervios Meningitis Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Encefalitis Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Meningococcal Infections <h3>What is meningococcal disease?</h3> <p>Meningococcal disease is the name for any illness that is caused by <em>Neisseria meningitidis</em> bacteria (also called meningococcal bacteria). These illnesses are often severe and can sometimes be deadly. They include infections of the lining of the brain and spinal cord (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html">meningitis</a>) and in the bloodstream (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html">sepsis</a>). Vaccines can help prevent the disease.</p> <h3>What causes meningococcal disease?</h3> <p>Some people have <em>Neisseria meningitidis</em>, the bacteria that cause the disease, in the back of their nose and throat. They usually have the bacteria but don't get sick. This is called being a "carrier." But sometimes the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body and cause meningococcal disease.</p> <p>The bacteria can spread from person to person through saliva (spit). It usually happens through close or lengthy contact with a person who has it. Close contact can include things like kissing and coughing.</p> <p>You cannot catch the bacteria through casual contact with someone who has the disease. For example, you cannot get it by breathing air where that person has been.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to get meningococcal disease?</h3> <p>Anyone can get meningococcal disease, but you are more likely to get it if someone you live with has it. You are also more likely to get it if you have direct contact with the saliva of someone who has it (like through kissing).</p> <p>Also, certain groups of people are more likely to get the disease. They include:</p> <ul> <li>Children younger than 1 year old.</li> <li>Teens and young adults ages 16 through 23 years old.</li> <li>Adults 65 years and older.</li> <li>People with medical conditions that <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">weaken their immune system</a>, including those with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> and certain rare immune system diseases.</li> <li>People who either don't have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spleendiseases.html">spleen</a> or have a spleen that does not function well.</li> <li>People who take complement inhibitor. These are immunotherapy medicines that are given to people with certain rare conditions.</li> <li>People who live in crowded settings, such as college dorms or military barracks.</li> <li>People who travel to areas where the disease is more common, such as certain parts of sub-Saharan Africa.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of meningococcal disease?</h3> <p>There are different types of meningococcal disease. The most common types are meningitis and septicemia. Both types are very serious and can be deadly in a matter of hours.</p> <p><strong>Meningococcal meningitis</strong> is a meningococcal infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord. The most common symptoms include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> <li>Stiff neck</li> </ul> <p>It can also cause symptoms such as:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and vomiting</a></li> <li>Photophobia (your eyes being more sensitive to light)</li> <li>Confusion</li> </ul> <p>It may be hard to notice these symptoms in newborns and babies. They can also have different symptoms. They may:</p> <ul> <li>Be slow or inactive</li> <li>Be irritable</li> <li>Vomit</li> <li>Feed poorly</li> <li>Have a bulging of the soft spot of their skull</li> </ul> <p><strong>Meningococcal septicemia</strong> is a meningococcal infection of the bloodstream. It's also called meningococcemia. When someone has this disease, the bacteria enter the bloodstream and multiply. This damages the walls of the blood vessels and causes bleeding into the skin and organs. The symptoms may include:</p> <ul> <li>Fever and chills</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Vomiting</li> <li>Cold hands and feet</li> <li>Severe aches or pain in the muscles, joints, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">chest</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">abdomen</a> (belly)</li> <li>Rapid breathing</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> <li>A dark purple rash (in the later stages of the disease)</li> </ul> <p>Because it is so serious, you need to seek immediate medical attention if you or your child develops the symptoms of meningococcal disease.</p> <h3>How is meningococcal disease diagnosed?</h3> <p>The signs and symptoms of meningococcal disease are often similar to those of other illnesses. This can make it hard to diagnose.</p> <p>If your (or your child's) health care provider thinks that you or your child could have meningococcal disease, they will order tests that take samples of blood and/or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cerebrospinal-fluid-csf-analysis/">cerebrospinal fluid</a> (fluid near the spinal cord). They will send the samples to a lab for testing. The testing will include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">bacteria culture testing</a>, which can identify the specific type of bacteria that is causing the infection. Knowing this can help the provider decide on the best treatment.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for meningococcal disease?</h3> <p>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a> can treat meningococcal disease. It is important that treatment is started as soon as possible. So if the provider thinks you have meningococcal disease, they will give you antibiotics right away (before the test results come back).</p> <p>People with serious disease may need additional treatments, such as:</p> <ul> <li>Breathing support</li> <li>Medicines to treat <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html">low blood pressure</a></li> <li>Surgery to remove dead tissue</li> <li>Wound care for parts of the body with damaged skin</li> </ul> <p>Some people with meningococcal disease will have long-term health problems and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">disabilities</a>. These may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="limbloss.html" tid="518">Loss of limb(s)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">Deafness</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">Nervous system problems</a></li> <li>Brain damage</li> </ul> <p>Even with treatment, 10 to 15 in 100 people will die from the disease.</p> <h3>Can meningococcal disease be prevented?</h3> <p>The best way to prevent meningococcal disease is to get vaccinated. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends meningococcal vaccination for:</p> <ul> <li>All preteens and teens</li> <li>Children at higher risk for meningococcal disease</li> <li>Adults at higher risk for meningococcal disease</li> </ul> <p>If you are a close contact of a person with meningococcal disease, you will likely be given antibiotics to prevent you from getting sick. This is called "prophylaxis." Close contacts include people who are living together. They also include people who had direct contact with the saliva of a person who has the disease (such as from kissing).</p> <p>Although it's rare, you can get meningococcal disease more than once.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Enfermedades meningocócicas Meningococcal Infections Amharic Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Chuukese Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Ilocano Italian Japanese Karen Khmer Kinyarwanda Korean Marshallese Oromo Pashto Pohnpeian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Russian Samoan Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Tongan Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Meningitis Meningococcal Infections Meningococcemia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Video Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Change of life <h3>What is menopause?</h3> <p>Menopause is the time in your life when you stop having your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">period</a> and can no longer get pregnant. You have reached menopause when you have not had a period for 12 months.</p> <p>The time leading up to menopause is called the menopausal transition, or perimenopause. This transition usually begins in when you are in your 40s, but sometimes it can start earlier. It can last for several years. The most common age for reaching menopause is between 45 and 55 years old. </p> <h3>What is early menopause?</h3> <p>Early, or premature menopause happens when your ovaries stop making hormones and periods stop before age 40. This can happen on its own (with no known cause). It can also happen because of surgery to remove the ovaries or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hysterectomy.html">uterus</a>. Medical treatments such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a> or hormone therapy to treat <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html">breast cancer</a> may also cause early menopause.</p> <p>A condition called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html">primary ovarian insufficiency</a> (POI) happens when your ovaries stop working normally before you are age 40. But this condition is different from early menopause. If you have POI, you may still have periods, even though they might not come regularly. And you might still be able to get pregnant.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of menopause?</h3> <p>During the menopausal transition, your ovaries start to make less of the estrogen and progesterone hormones. The changes in these hormones cause the symptoms of menopause, which can include:</p> <ul> <li>A change in your periods; they may be: <ul> <li>Irregular, with more or less time in between periods.</li> <li>Shorter or longer.</li> <li>Lighter or heavier.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Hot flashes, a sudden warm feeling in your face, neck, and chest. They may cause you to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html">sweat</a>. If they happen at night and cause sweating, they are called night sweats.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html">Trouble sleeping</a>, such as trouble falling asleep or getting back to sleep when you wake up. Over time, a lack of sleep can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html">memory problems</a>.</li> <li>Vaginal dryness, which may cause pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse.</li> <li>Mood changes, which can make you feel moody, anxious, or more irritable.</li> <li>Bladder issues, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html">urinary incontinence</a> (loss of bladder control) and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html">urinary tract infections</a> (UTIs).</li> </ul> <p>You may also have other physical changes which could put you at risk for certain diseases. For example, the loss of estrogen can:</p> <ul> <li>Cause you to lose <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html">bone density</a>. This can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>, a condition that causes bones to become weak and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">break</a> easily.</li> <li>Raise your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">cholesterol levels</a> and increase your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">heart disease</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for the symptoms of menopause?</h3> <p>You may not need treatment for the symptoms of menopause. But if you do, there are several different types of treatments:</p> <h4>Lifestyle changes</h4> <p>You may find that you can manage your symptoms with lifestyle changes. Here are some changes that might make you feel better: </p> <ul><li>If you have hot flashes, dress in layers that can be removed at the start of a hot flash. You may want to carry a portable fan to use when you get a hot flash.</li> <li>Avoid <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>, spicy foods, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">caffeine</a>. They can make your menopause symptoms worse.</li> <li>If you smoke, try to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quit</a>, not only for hot flashes, but for your overall health.</li> <li>Try to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">maintain a healthy weight</a>. Being overweight or having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a> can make hot flashes worse.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">Have good sleep habits</a>. Keep your bedroom dark, quiet, and cool.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Get regular exercise</a>. It can help you sleep better, improve your mood, and help lower your risk for many age-related diseases.</li> <li>Lower <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>, for example by using relaxation techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, and muscle relaxation exercises.</li> </ul> <p>If lifestyle changes are not enough to improve your symptoms, you may want to contact your health care provider. They will talk to you about your symptoms, family and medical history, and preferences. They also can explain the risks and benefits of the treatments.</p> <h4>Non-hormone treatments</h4> <p>There are various non-hormone treatments for menopause symptoms, such as:</p> <ul> <li>Medicines for hot flashes, including certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">antidepressants</a>, a medicine just for hot flashes, an antiseizure medicine, and a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html">blood pressure medicine</a>. Some of these medicines may also help with sleep problems.</li> <li>Medicines for urinary incontinence.</li> <li>Medicines to treat or help prevent osteoporosis.</li> <li>Low-dose <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth control pills</a> for very heavy bleeding or periods that are close together.</li> <li>Water-based lubricants to treat vaginal dryness.</li> <li>Medicines for painful intercourse that is caused by vaginal changes from menopause.</li> <li>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a type of talk therapy, for trouble sleeping.</li> </ul> <h4>Hormone treatments</h4> Another treatment for menopause symptoms is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">menopausal hormone therapy</a> (MHT). It may also be called hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This treatment is usually with estrogen or estrogen plus progestin (a type of progesterone that's made in a lab). MHT can be given in pills, skin patches, rings, implants, gels, or creams. It may be used to treat symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness and to help prevent osteoporosis.<p></p> <p>Like all medicines, MHT has benefits and risks. Talk with your provider about whether it is safe for you. If you decide to take MHT, your provider may recommend taking the lowest dose that works for the shortest time needed.</p> <h4>Supplements, herbs, and "natural" hormone creams</h4> <p>There are various products that are marketed for menopause symptoms. They include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html">supplements</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html">herbs</a>, and over-the-counter "natural" hormone creams. There has been research on many of these products. So far, none of them has clearly been shown to be helpful. Also, there is little information on the long-term safety of these products. Some supplements can have harmful side effects or interact with medicines. Check with your provider before you take use any of them.</p> Women Older Adults Female Reproductive System Menopausia Menopause Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute on Aging Hormone Replacement Therapy Menstruation Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Change of Life Hot Flashes Perimenopause Premature Menopause Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Endocrine Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Institute on Aging Video NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Endocrine Society Related Issues Endocrine Society Related Issues American Heart Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Endocrine Society Health Check Tools Endocrine Society Treatments and Therapies Endocrine Society PDF NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies National Institute on Aging Easy-to-Read NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Videos and Tutorials National Institute on Aging NIH Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Videos and Tutorials National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH <h3>¿Qué es la menopausia?</h3> <p>La menopausia es el momento de la vida en el que deja de menstruar y ya no puede quedar embarazada. La menopausia llega cuando no ha tenido un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">período menstrual</a> (regla) por 12 meses.</p> <p>El tiempo que lleva a la menopausia se llama transición menopáusica o perimenopausia. Esta transición suele comenzar alrededor de los 40 años, pero a veces puede comenzar antes y durar varios años. La edad más común para llegar a la menopausia es entre los 45 y los 55 años.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la menopausia temprana?</h3> <p>La menopausia temprana o prematura ocurre cuando los ovarios dejan de producir hormonas y los períodos se detienen antes de los 40 años. Esto puede ocurrir por sí solo (sin una causa conocida). También puede suceder debido a una cirugía para extirpar los ovarios o el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hysterectomy.html">útero</a>. Los tratamientos médicos como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a> o la terapia hormonal para tratar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html">cáncer de seno</a> también pueden provocar una menopausia temprana.</p> <p>Una afección llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html">insuficiencia ovárica primaria</a> (IOP) ocurre cuando los ovarios dejan de funcionar normalmente antes de los 40 años. Pero este problema es diferente de la menopausia temprana. Si tiene IOP, es posible que aún tenga períodos menstruales, aunque sean irregulares. Y es posible que aún pueda quedar embarazada.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la menopausia?</h3> <p>Durante la transición a la menopausia, los ovarios comienzan a producir menos hormonas de estrógeno y progesterona. Los cambios en estas hormonas causan los síntomas de la menopausia, los que pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Un cambio en los períodos menstruales; los que pueden ser: <ul> <li>Irregulares, con más o menos tiempo entre períodos menstruales</li> <li>Más cortos o más largos</li> <li>Más ligeros o más abundantes</li> </ul> </li> <li>Sofocos: Sensación repentina de calor en la cara, el cuello y el pecho. Pueden causar sudoración. Si ocurren por la noche y provocan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html">sudor</a>, se conocen como sudores nocturnos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html">Problemas para dormir</a>: Incluye dificultad para conciliar el sueño o para volver a dormirse al despertarse. Con el tiempo, la falta de sueño puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">fatiga</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html">problemas de memoria</a></li> <li>Sequedad vaginal: Puede causar dolor o malestar durante las relaciones sexuales</li> <li>Cambios de humor: Pueden hacer que se sienta malhumorada, ansiosa o más irritable</li> <li>Problemas de vejiga: Incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html">incontinencia urinaria</a> (pérdida del control de la vejiga) e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">infecciones de las vías urinarias</a></li> </ul> <p>También puede tener otros cambios físicos que podrían ponerla en riesgo de ciertas enfermedades. Por ejemplo, la pérdida de estrógeno puede:</p> <ul> <li>Hacerle perder <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html">densidad ósea</a>: Esto puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>, una afección que hace que los huesos se debiliten y se <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">rompan</a> fácilmente</li> <li>Aumentar sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterollevelswhatyouneedtoknow.html">niveles de colesterol</a> y aumentar su riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedad cardíaca</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los síntomas de la menopausia?</h3> <p>Es posible que no necesite tratamiento para los síntomas de la menopausia. Pero si lo necesita, existen varios tipos diferentes:</p> <h4>Cambios en el estilo de vida</h4> <p>Es posible que descubra que puede controlar sus síntomas con cambios en el estilo de vida. Algunos cambios que pueden hacerla sentir mejor incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Si tiene sofocos, vístase con varias capas que pueda quitarse al comienzo de un sofoco. Es posible que desee portar un ventilador portátil para usarlo cuando tenga un sofoco</li> <li>Evite el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>, las comidas picantes y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">cafeína</a>. Pueden empeorar los síntomas de la menopausia</li> <li>Si fuma, intente dejarlo, no solo por los sofocos, sino por su salud en general</li> <li>Trate de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">mantener un peso saludable</a>: El sobrepeso o la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a> pueden empeorar los sofocos</li> <li>Tenga <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">buenos hábitos de sueño</a>: Mantenga su dormitorio oscuro, tranquilo y fresco</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Haga ejercicio con regularidad</a>: Puede ayudarla a dormir mejor, mejorar su estado de ánimo y ayudar a bajar el riesgo de muchas enfermedades relacionadas con la edad</li> <li>Reduzca el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a> mediante técnicas de relajación como la meditación, la respiración profunda y los ejercicios de relajación muscular, por ejemplo</li> </ul> <p>Si los cambios en el estilo de vida no son suficientes para mejorar sus síntomas, puede acudir a su profesional de la salud. Éste le hablará sobre sus síntomas, antecedentes familiares y médicos, y preferencias. También puede explicarle los riesgos y beneficios de los tratamientos.</p> <h4>Tratamientos no hormonales</h4> <p>Existen varios tratamientos no hormonales para los síntomas de la menopausia, como:</p> <ul> <li>Medicamentos para los sofocos, incluyendo ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">antidepresivos</a>, un medicamento solo para los sofocos, un medicamento anticonvulsivo y un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicamento para la presión arterial</a>. Algunos de estos medicamentos también pueden ayudar con los problemas para dormir</li> <li>Medicamentos para la incontinencia urinaria</li> <li>Medicamentos para tratar o ayudar a prevenir la osteoporosis</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">Pastillas anticonceptivas</a> de dosis baja para sangrados muy abundantes o períodos menstruales muy seguidos</li> <li>Lubricantes a base de agua para tratar la sequedad vaginal</li> <li>Medicamentos para las relaciones sexuales dolorosas causadas por los cambios vaginales de la menopausia</li> <li>Terapia cognitivo conductual, un tipo de terapia de conversación, para los problemas de sueño</li> </ul> <h4>Tratamientos hormonales</h4> <p>Otro tratamiento para estos síntomas es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">terapia hormonal</a> para la menopausia. También conoce como terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TRH). En general, este tratamiento se realiza con estrógeno o estrógeno más progestina (un tipo de progesterona que se produce en un laboratorio). La terapia hormonal se puede administrar en pastillas, parches para la piel, anillos, implantes, gel o cremas. Se puede usar para tratar síntomas como sofocos y sequedad vaginal y para ayudar a prevenir la osteoporosis.</p> <p>Al igual que todos los medicamentos, la terapia hormonal para la menopausia tiene beneficios y riesgos. Hable con su profesional de la salud para saber si es segura para usted. Si decide tomarla, su proveedor de atención médica puede recomendarle que tome la dosis más baja que funcione durante el menor tiempo posible.</p> <h4>Suplementos, hierbas y cremas hormonales "naturales"</h4> <p>Existen varios productos en el mercado para los síntomas de la menopausia. Estos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html">suplementos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html">hierbas</a> y cremas hormonales "naturales" de venta libre. Se han hecho investigaciones sobre muchos de estos productos, pero hasta ahora no se ha demostrado claramente que ninguno de ellos sea útil. Además, hay poca información sobre la seguridad a largo plazo de estos productos. Algunos suplementos pueden tener efectos secundarios dañinos o pueden interactuar con medicamentos. Hable con su profesional de la salud antes de utilizar cualquiera de ellos.</p> Mujeres Personas mayores Sistema reproductor femenino Menopause Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Insuficiencia ovárica primaria Menstruación Terapia de reemplazo hormonal Perimenopausia Sofocos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Video NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Video NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Período Regla <p>La menstruación o período, es el sangrado vaginal normal que ocurre como parte del ciclo mensual de la mujer. Todos los meses, su cuerpo se prepara para un posible embarazo. Si esto no ocurre, el útero, se desprende de su recubrimiento. Esta es la sangre menstrual, que sale del cuerpo a través de la vagina. Esta sangre es parte sangre y parte tejido del interior del útero. </p> <p>Los períodos suelen comenzar alrededor de los 12 años y continúan hasta la menopausia, cerca de los 51 años. La mayoría de las menstruaciones dura entre tres y cinco días. Además del sangrado, usted puede sentir:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/periodpain.html">Dolores o calambres abdominales o pélvicos</a></li> <li> Dolor de espalda baja </li> <li> Hinchazón y dolor en los senos </li> <li> Antojo de algún alimento en particular </li> <li> Irritabilidad y cambios de humor </li> <li> Dolor de cabeza y cansancio </li> </ul> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/premenstrualsyndrome.html">síndrome premenstrual</a> es un grupo de síntomas que comienza antes de la menstruación. Puede incluir síntomas emocionales como físicos. </p> <p>Consulte a su proveedor de cuidados de salud si usted experimenta grandes cambios en su ciclo. Esto puede ser un signo de otros problemas que quizás deban ser tratados. </p> <p class=""> Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano </p> Mujeres Sistema endocrino Sistema reproductor femenino Menstruation Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Insuficiencia ovárica primaria Menopausia Sangrado vaginal Síndrome premenstrual Amenorrea Dilatación y curetaje Dismenorrea Síndrome del Shock Tóxico Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Menses Menstrual period Period <p>Menstruation, or period, is normal vaginal bleeding that occurs as part of a woman's monthly cycle. Every month, your body prepares for pregnancy. If no pregnancy occurs, the uterus, or womb, sheds its lining. The menstrual blood is partly blood and partly tissue from inside the uterus. It passes out of the body through the vagina. </p> <p>Periods usually start between age 11 and 14 and continue until <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">menopause</a> at about age 51. They usually last from three to five days. Besides bleeding from the vagina, you may have:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/periodpain.html">Abdominal or pelvic cramping pain</a></li> <li>Lower back pain</li> <li>Bloating and sore breasts</li> <li>Food cravings</li> <li>Mood swings and irritability</li> <li>Headache and fatigue</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/premenstrualsyndrome.html">Premenstrual syndrome</a>, or PMS, is a group of symptoms that start before the period. It can include emotional and physical symptoms.</p> <p>Consult your health care provider if you have big changes in your cycle. They may be signs of other problems that should be treated.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Women Endocrine System Female Reproductive System Menstruación Menstruation Menstruation Disturbances Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hindi Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Menopause Period Pain Premenstrual Syndrome Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Vaginal Bleeding Amenorrhea Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Society for Reproductive Medicine Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Mental illness <h3>What are mental disorders?</h3> <p>Mental disorders (or mental illnesses) are conditions that affect your thinking, feeling, mood, and behavior. They may happen over a short period of time or come and go. Some can be chronic (long-lasting). They can affect your ability to relate to others and function each day..</p> <h3>What are some types of mental disorders?</h3> <p>There are many different types of mental disorders. Some common ones include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">Anxiety disorders</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html">panic disorder</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html">obsessive-compulsive disorder</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/phobias.html">phobias</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html">bipolar disorder</a>, and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mooddisorders.html">mood disorders</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html">Eating disorders</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/personalitydisorders.html">Personality disorders</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">Post-traumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psychoticdisorders.html">Psychotic disorders</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html">schizophrenia</a></li> </ul> <h3>What causes mental disorders?</h3> <p>There is no single cause for mental illness. A number of factors can contribute to risk for mental illness, such as:</p><ul> <li>Your genes and family history</li> <li>Your life experiences, such as stress or a history of abuse, especially if they happen in childhood</li> <li>Biological factors such as chemical imbalances in the brain</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">traumatic brain injury</a> (TBI)</li> <li>Prenatal (before birth) exposure to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">viruses</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reproductivehazards.html">toxic chemicals</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">other substances</a> such as alcohol and drugs.</li> <li>Use of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">recreational drugs</a></li> <li>Having a serious medical condition like cancer</li> <li>Having few friends, and feeling lonely or isolated</li> </ul> <p>Mental disorders are not caused by character flaws. They have nothing to do with being lazy or weak.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for mental disorders?</h3> <p>Mental disorders are common. Many Americans will be diagnosed with a mental disorder at some time in their life.</p> <h3>How are mental disorders diagnosed?</h3> <p>The steps to getting a diagnosis include:</p><ul> <li>A medical history</li> <li>A physical exam and possibly lab tests, if your provider thinks that other medical conditions could be causing your symptoms</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">psychological evaluation</a>. You will answer questions about your thinking, feelings, and behaviors.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for mental disorders?</h3> <p>Treatment depends on which mental disorder you have and how serious it is. You and your provider will work on a treatment plan just for you. It usually involves some type of therapy. You may also take medicines. Some people also need social support and education on managing their condition.</p> <p>In some cases, you may need more intensive treatment. You may need to go to a psychiatric hospital. This could be because your mental illness is severe. Or it could be because you are at risk of hurting yourself or someone else. In the hospital, you will get counseling, group discussions, and activities with mental health professionals and other patients.</p> Mental Health and Behavior Trastornos mentales Psychiatric Rehabilitation Mental Disorders Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Anxiety Bipolar Disorder Child Mental Health Compulsive Gambling Delirium Depression Eating Disorders Mental Health Mood Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Older Adult Mental Health Panic Disorder Personality Disorders Phobias Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Psychotic Disorders Schizophrenia Self-Harm Suicide Teen Mental Health Psychiatric Disorders Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Psychiatric Association Statistics and Research Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health Video NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institute of Mental Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institute of Mental Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert NAMI Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Treatments and Therapies American Psychological Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Health Check Tools Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With Mental Health America Statistics and Research National Institute of Mental Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Older Adults National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Resource Center on Psychiatric Advance Directives Find an Expert American Psychological Association Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Rural Health Information Hub Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Resource Center on Psychiatric Advance Directives Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Related Issues NAMI Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Teenagers National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here American Psychiatric Association Treatments and Therapies American Psychiatric Association Video Living With American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists PDF Women National Institute of Mental Health NIH <h3>What is mental health?</h3> <p>Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act as we cope with life. It also helps determine how we handle <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childmentalhealth.html">childhood</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html">adolescence</a> through adulthood and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html">aging</a>.</p> <h3>What are mental disorders?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">Mental disorders</a> are serious conditions that can affect your thinking, mood, and behavior. They may be occasional or long-lasting. They can affect your ability to relate to others and function each day. Mental disorders are common; many Americans will be diagnosed with one at some time in their life. But there are treatments. People with mental disorders can get better, and many of them recover completely.</p> <h3>Why is mental health important?</h3> <p>Mental health is important because it can help you to:</p><ul> <li>Cope with the stresses of life</li> <li>Be physically healthy</li> <li>Have good relationships</li> <li>Make meaningful contributions to your community</li> <li>Work productively</li> <li>Realize your full potential</li> </ul> <p>Your mental health is also important because it can affect your physical health. For example, mental disorders can raise your risk for physical health problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>.</p> <h3>What can affect my mental health?</h3> <p>There are many different factors that can affect your mental health, including:</p><ul> <li>Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry</li> <li>Life experiences, such as trauma or abuse</li> <li>Family history of mental health problems</li> <li>Your lifestyle, such as diet, physical activity, and substance use</li> </ul> <p>You can also affect your mental health by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">taking steps to improve it</a>, such as doing meditation, using relaxation techniques, and practicing gratitude.</p> <h3>Can my mental health change over time?</h3> <p>Over time, your mental health can change. For example, you may be dealing with a difficult situation, such as trying to manage a chronic illness, taking care of an ill relative, or facing money problems. The situation may wear you out and overwhelm your ability to cope with it. This can worsen your mental health. On the other hand, getting therapy may improve your mental health.</p> <h3>What are the signs that I might have a mental health problem?</h3> <p>When it comes to your emotions, it can be hard to know what is normal and what is not. There are warning signs that you may have a mental health problem, including:</p><ul> <li>A change in your eating or sleeping habits</li> <li>Withdrawing from the people and activities you enjoy</li> <li>Having low or no energy</li> <li>Feeling numb or like nothing matters</li> <li>Having unexplained aches and pains</li> <li>Feeling helpless or hopeless</li> <li>Smoking, drinking, or using drugs more than usual</li> <li>Feeling unusually confused, forgetful, angry, upset, worried, or scared</li> <li>Having severe mood swings that cause problems in your relationships</li> <li>Having thoughts and memories that you can't get out of your head</li> <li>Hearing voices or believing things that are not true</li> <li>Thinking of harming yourself or others</li> <li>Not being able to perform daily tasks like taking care of your kids or getting to work or school</li> </ul> <h3>What should I do if I think I have a mental health problem?</h3> <p>If you think that you may have a mental health problem, get help. Talk therapy and/or medicines can treat mental disorders. If you don't know where to start, contact your primary care provider.</p> Mental Health and Behavior Wellness and Lifestyle Salud mental Mental Health Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Child Mental Health How to Improve Mental Health Mental Disorders Older Adult Mental Health Teen Mental Health Emotional Health Find an Expert American Psychiatric Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Men National Institute of Mental Health NIH Related Issues American Heart Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Older Adults National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Teenagers National Library of Medicine NIH <p>El mercurio es un elemento que se encuentra en el aire, el agua y el suelo. Existe en varias formas. El mercurio metálico es un líquido brillante, de un plateado blanquecino y sin olor. Cuando se calienta, es un gas sin olor ni color. También se combina con otros elementos para formar polvos o cristales. El mercurio se encuentra en muchos productos. El mercurio metálico se utiliza en termómetros de vidrio, tapaduras dentales de plata y pilas de botón. Las sales de mercurio pueden utilizarse en cremas y pomadas para la piel. También se usa en muchas industrias. </p> <p>El mercurio en el aire se asienta en el agua. Puede pasar a través de la cadena alimenticia y acumularse en pescados, mariscos y los animales que comen pescado. El sistema nervioso es sensible a todas las formas de mercurio. Su exposición a altos niveles puede dañar el cerebro y los riñones. Las embarazadas pueden pasarle el mercurio de sus cuerpos a los bebés. </p> <p>Es importante proteger a su familia contra la exposición al mercurio:</p> <ul> <li>Maneje y deseche cuidadosamente productos que contengan mercurio</li> <li>Limite el consumo de pescado con altos niveles de mercurio</li> </ul> <p class="">Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades </p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Mercury Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Spanish/Español Especialistas Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Mujeres Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>Mercury is an element that is found in air, water and soil. It has several forms. Metallic mercury is a shiny, silver-white, odorless liquid. If heated, it is a colorless, odorless gas. It also combines with other elements to form powders or crystals. Mercury is in many products. Metallic mercury is used in glass thermometers, silver dental fillings, and button batteries. Mercury salts may be used in skin creams and ointments. It's also used in many industries. </p> <p>Mercury in the air settles into water. It can pass through the food chain and build up in fish, shellfish, and animals that eat fish. The nervous system is sensitive to all forms of mercury. Exposure to high levels can damage the brain and kidneys. Pregnant women can pass the mercury in their bodies to their babies.</p> <p>It is important to protect your family from mercury exposure:</p> <ul> <li>Carefully handle and dispose of products that contain mercury</li> <li>Limit your consumption of fish with higher levels of mercury</li> </ul> <p class="">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Mercurio Mercury Poisoning Mercury Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Japanese Korean Spanish Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Start Here Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Women March of Dimes Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>El tejido que recubre los pulmones, el estómago, el corazón y otros órganos se llama mesotelio. El mesotelioma, también conocido como mesotelioma maligno, es un cáncer que afecta a ese tejido. Suele comenzar en los pulmones, pero también puede comenzar en el abdomen u otros órganos.</p> <p>El mesotelioma es raro pero serio. La mayoría de las personas que lo padece ha vivido y trabajado en lugares donde inhalaron partículas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html">asbesto</a>. Tras haber sido expuesto al asbesto, en general toma mucho tiempo para que la enfermedad aparezca.</p> <p>Los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a></li> <li>Dolor debajo de la caja torácica</li> <li>Dolor, hinchazón o bultos en el abdomen</li> <li>Pérdida de peso sin causa aparente</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">Coágulos de sangre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">Estreñimiento</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> </ul> <p>A veces, es difícil reconocer la diferencia entre el mesotelioma maligno y el cáncer de pulmón. Para saber si tiene mesotelioma, su profesional de la salud probablemente usará un examen físico, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de imágenes</a> y una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a>.</p> <p>Con frecuencia, el mesotelioma maligno se detecta cuando ya está avanzado. Esto lo hace más difícil de tratar. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen</p> <ul> <li>Cirugía</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Radioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Inmunoterapia</a></li> <li>Terapia dirigida, la que usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas con menor daño a las células normales</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Pulmón y vías respiratorias Mesothelioma Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Asbesto Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Malignant mesothelioma <p>The tissue that lines your lungs, stomach, heart, and other organs is called mesothelium. Mesothelioma, also known as malignant mesothelioma, is cancer of that tissue. It usually starts in the lungs, but can also start in the abdomen or other organs. </p> <p>Malignant mesothelioma is rare but serious. Most people who get it have worked or lived in places where they inhaled or swallowed <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html">asbestos</a> particles. After being exposed to asbestos, it usually takes a long time for the disease to form.</p> <p>Symptoms include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Trouble breathing</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">Cough</a></li> <li>Pain under the rib cage</li> <li>Pain, swelling, or lumps in the abdomen</li> <li>Weight loss for no known reason</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">Blood clots</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">Constipation</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> </ul> <p>Sometimes it is hard to tell the difference between malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer. To find out if you have mesothelioma, your health care provider will likely use a physical exam, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>, and a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>.</p> <p>Malignant mesothelioma is often found when it is advanced. This makes it harder to treat. Treatment options may include:</p> <ul> <li>Surgery</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Immunotherapy</a></li> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Lungs and Breathing Mesotelioma Mesothelioma Spanish National Cancer Institute Asbestos Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Lung Association Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Lung Association Start Here American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society <p>Metabolism is the process your body uses to get or make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Chemicals in your digestive system break the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body tissues, such as your liver, muscles, and body fat.</p> <p>A metabolic disorder occurs when abnormal chemical reactions in your body disrupt this process. When this happens, you might have too much of some substances or too little of other ones that you need to stay healthy. There are different groups of disorders. Some affect the breakdown of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html">amino acids</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html">carbohydrates</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html">lipids</a>. Another group, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mitochondrialdiseases.html">mitochondrial diseases</a>, affects the parts of the cells that produce the energy.</p> <p>You can develop a metabolic disorder when some organs, such as your liver or pancreas, become diseased or do not function normally. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a> is an example. </p> Genetics/Birth Defects Metabolic Problems Trastornos metabólicos Metabolic Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders Amyloidosis Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders G6PD Deficiency Gaucher Disease Genetic Brain Disorders Hemochromatosis Lipid Metabolism Disorders Malabsorption Syndromes Mitochondrial Diseases Phenylketonuria Porphyria Rickets Wilson Disease Mucolipidoses Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Urea Cycle Disorders Foundation Insulin resistance syndrome Metabolic syndrome X <h3>What is metabolic syndrome?</h3> <p>Metabolic syndrome is the name for a group of risk factors for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, and other health problems. You can have just one risk factor, but people often have several of them together. When you have at least three of them, it is called metabolic syndrome. These risk factors include:</p><ul> <li>A large waistline, also called abdominal obesity or "having an apple shape." Too much fat around the stomach is a greater risk factor for heart disease than too much fat in other parts of the body.</li> <li>Having a high <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html">triglyceride</a> level. Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood.</li> <li>Having a low <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL cholesterol level</a>. HDL is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol because it helps remove cholesterol from your arteries.</li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>. If your blood pressure stays high over time, it can damage your heart and lead to other health problems.</li> <li>Having a high fasting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a>. Mildly high blood sugar may be an early sign of diabetes.</li> </ul> <p>The more factors you have, the higher your risk for heart disease, diabetes, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a> is.</p> <h3>What causes metabolic syndrome?</h3> <p>Metabolic syndrome has several causes that act together:</p><ul> <li>Overweight and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">inactive lifestyle</a></li> <li>Insulin resistance, a condition in which the body can't use insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone that helps move blood sugar into your cells to give them energy. Insulin resistance can lead to high blood sugar levels.</li> <li>Age - your risk goes up as get older</li> <li>Genetics - ethnicity and family history</li> </ul> <p>People who have metabolic syndrome often also have excessive <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clotting</a> and inflammation throughout the body. Researchers don't know whether these conditions cause metabolic syndrome or worsen it.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for metabolic syndrome?</h3> <p>The most important risk factors for metabolic syndrome are:</p><ul> <li>Abdominal obesity (a large waistline)</li> <li>An inactive lifestyle</li> <li>Insulin resistance</li> </ul> <p>There are certain groups of people who have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome:</p><ul> <li>Some racial and ethnic groups. Mexican Americans have the highest rate of metabolic syndrome, followed by White and Black people.</li> <li>People who have diabetes</li> <li>People who have a sibling or parent who has diabetes</li> <li>Women with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS)</li> <li>People who take medicines that cause weight gain or changes in blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and blood sugar levels</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of metabolic syndrome?</h3> <p>Most of the metabolic risk factors have no obvious signs or symptoms, except for a large waistline.</p> <h3>How is metabolic syndrome diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider will diagnose metabolic syndrome based on the results of a physical exam and blood tests. You must have at least three of the risk factors to be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome:</p><ul> <li><strong>A large waistline</strong>, which means a waist measurement of <ul> <li>35 inches or more for women</li> <li>40 inches or more for men</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>A high triglyceride level</strong>, which is 150 mg/dL or higher</li> <li><strong>A low HDL cholesterol level</strong>, which is <ul> <li>Less than 50 mg/dL for women</li> <li>Less than 40 mg/dL for men</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>High blood pressure</strong>, which is a reading of 130/85 mmHg or higher.</li> <li><strong>A high fasting blood sugar</strong>, which is 100 mg/dL or higher</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for metabolic syndrome?</h3> <p>The most important treatment for metabolic syndrome is a heart-healthy lifestyle, which includes:</p><ul> <li>A heart-healthy eating plan, which limits the amount of saturated and trans fats that you eat. It encourages you to choose a variety of nutritious foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Aiming for a healthy weight</a></li> <li>Managing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a></li> <li>Getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular physical activity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">Quitting smoking</a> (or not starting if you don't already smoke)</li> </ul> <p>If making lifestyle changes is not enough, you may need to take medicines. For example, you may need medicines to lower cholesterol or blood pressure.</p> <h3>Can metabolic syndrome be prevented?</h3> <p>The best way to prevent metabolic syndrome is through the heart-healthy lifestyle changes.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Endocrine System Metabolic Problems Diabetes Mellitus Síndrome metabólico Metabolic Syndrome Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Angina Cholesterol Diabetes Heart Diseases Metabolic Disorders Obesity Prediabetes Insulin Resistance Syndrome X (Metabolic) Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Find an Expert American Heart Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Endocrine Society Journal Articles Symptoms American Heart Association Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Drogas estimulantes Speed <p>La metanfetamina es una droga estimulante muy adictiva. Es un polvo que se puede presentar como una píldora o una roca brillante (llamada cristal). El polvo se puede ingerir o inhalar por la nariz. También se puede mezclar con un líquido e inyectarse con una aguja. La metanfetamina cristal se fuma en una pequeña pipa de vidrio.</p> <p>Al principio la droga provoca una oleada de buenos sentimientos, pero luego los usuarios se sienten nerviosos, demasiado excitados, enojados o asustados. El uso de metanfetamina puede llevar rápidamente a la adicción. Esto causa problemas médicos, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Elevar tanto su temperatura corporal que puede desmayarse</li> <li>Picazón severa</li> <li>Sufrir "boca de metanfetamina", con dientes rotos y boca seca</li> <li>Problemas para pensar y emocionales</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas </p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Methamphetamine Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Consumo de drogas y la adicción Abuso de metanfetamina Anfetamina Yaba Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Dental de California PDF Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Chalk Crystal Glass Ice Meth Speed Tina <p>Methamphetamine - meth for short - is a very addictive stimulant drug. It is a powder that can be made into a pill or a shiny rock (called a crystal). The powder can be eaten or snorted up the nose. It can also be mixed with liquid and injected into your body with a needle. Crystal meth is smoked in a small glass pipe.</p> <p>Meth at first causes a rush of good feelings, but then users feel edgy, overly excited, angry, or afraid. Meth use can quickly lead to addiction. It causes medical problems including:</p><ul> <li>Making your body temperature so high that you pass out</li> <li>Severe itching</li> <li>"Meth mouth" - broken teeth and dry mouth</li> <li>Thinking and emotional problems</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse</p> Substance Use and Disorders Metanfetamina Methamphetamine Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hmong Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute on Drug Abuse Drug Use and Addiction Amphetamines Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Partnership to End Addiction Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists PDF Find an Expert Drug Enforcement Administration Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Images Drug Enforcement Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Find an Expert Partnership to End Addiction Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation <h3>¿Qué es la miastenia grave?</h3> <p>La miastenia grave (también llamada miastenia gravis) es una enfermedad crónica (de larga duración) que causa debilidad en los músculos voluntarios. Los músculos voluntarios son los que puede controlar. Incluyen los que se utilizan para:</p> <ul> <li>Movimiento de ojos y párpados</li> <li>Expresiones de la cara</li> <li>Masticar</li> <li>Hablar</li> <li>Tragar</li> <li>Respirar</li> <li>Mover los brazos y las piernas</li> </ul> <p>También puede tener debilidad en otros músculos. Esta empeora con la actividad y mejora con el reposo.</p> <p>La miastenia grave es un tipo de enfermedad autoinmune. En las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">enfermedades autoinmunes</a>, su sistema inmunitario ataca por error a las células sanas de sus órganos y tejidos.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la miastenia grave?</h3> <p>La miastenia grave es causada por un error en la forma en que se envían las señales nerviosas a los músculos. Estas señales se bloquean en la unión nervio-músculo, el lugar donde las terminaciones nerviosas se conectan con los músculos que controlan.</p> <p>Normalmente, el funcionamiento de las señales consiste en:</p> <ul> <li>Las señales viajan por un nervio que controla el movimiento en el músculo</li> <li>Las terminaciones nerviosas liberan una sustancia llamada acetilcolina</li> <li>La acetilcolina se une al tejido muscular en la unión nervio-músculo</li> <li>Esto hace que el músculo se contraiga (se mueva)</li> </ul> <p>Pero en la miastenia grave, el propio sistema inmunitario del cuerpo produce anticuerpos que bloquean la unión de la acetilcolina al músculo, debilitándolos.</p> <p>La glándula timo, que forma parte del sistema inmunitario, puede tener un papel en la miastenia grave. Normalmente, su glándula timo está activa y creciendo cuando es niño. Produce glóbulos blancos para combatir infecciones. En la pubertad, comienza a achicarse y es reemplazada por grasa. Por lo general, es pequeña en la adultez. Pero en muchos adultos con miastenia grave, el timo permanece grande. Y algunas personas con miastenia grave pueden desarrollar timomas o tumores del timo. Usualmente, son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html">benignos</a> (no cancerosos), pero en ocasiones pueden volverse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thymuscancer.html">cancerosos</a>.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener miastenia grave?</h3> <p>Aunque la miastenia grave puede afectar a personas de cualquier edad, es más común en mujeres adultas jóvenes (menores de 40 años) y hombres mayores (60 años o más). Por lo general, no se hereda (se transmite de padres a hijos).</p> <p>Normalmente, la miastenia grave no afecta a los bebés, pero es posible que las personas embarazadas con miastenia grave transmitan los anticuerpos a sus bebés por nacer. Entonces, el bebé puede nacer con miastenia neonatal. Esta afección suele ser temporal y los síntomas suelen desaparecer entre dos y tres meses después del nacimiento.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la miastenia grave?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la miastenia grave dependen de los músculos afectados. Los síntomas suelen incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Debilidad de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyemovementdisorders.html">músculos de los ojos</a></li> <li>Caída de uno o ambos párpados</li> <li>Visión borrosa o doble</li> <li>Cambios en las expresiones del rostro</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">Dificultad para tragar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">Problemas del habla</a></li> <li>Debilidad en brazos, manos, dedos, piernas y cuello</li> </ul> <p>Diferentes personas tienen diferentes niveles de debilidad muscular. Y la debilidad puede variar de un día a otro. Algunos días puede ser leve y otros días puede ser peor. La actividad física a menudo empeora la debilidad muscular.</p> <p>Algunas personas con miastenia grave pueden sufrir debilidad grave que afecta los músculos que controlan la respiración. Esto se llama crisis miasténica y es una emergencia que pone en peligro la vida.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la miastenia grave?</h3> <p>Existen muchas otras afecciones que pueden causar debilidad muscular, por lo que la miastenia grave puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. Para saber si tiene miastenia grave, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntará sobre su historia clínica y sus síntomas</li> <li>Hará un examen físico, incluyendo un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/">examen neurológico</a></li> <li>Probablemente solicite <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-miastenia-grave-mg/">pruebas para la miastenia grave</a>, incluyendo: <ul> <li>Análisis de sangre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">Pruebas de imagen</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">Electromiografía y estudios de conducción nerviosa</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la miastenia grave?</h3> <p>No existe cura para la miastenia grave, pero hay tratamientos disponibles que pueden mejorar la debilidad muscular y ayudar con los síntomas, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicamentos anticolinesterásicos:</strong> Pueden mejorar los mensajes de nervio a músculo y fortalecer los músculos</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos inmunosupresores:</strong> Medicamentos que disminuyen las respuestas del sistema inmunitario. Pueden reducir la producción de anticuerpos anormales en el cuerpo</li> <li><strong>Anticuerpos monoclonales:</strong> También pueden ayudar a disminuir las respuestas del sistema inmunológico de su cuerpo</li> <li><strong>Plasmaféresis (intercambio de plasma) e inmunoglobulina intravenosa:</strong> Procedimientos para eliminar anticuerpos anormales de la sangre. Suelen utilizarse en casos graves. Pueden ayudar con los síntomas durante algunas semanas o meses</li> <li><strong>Timectomía:</strong> Cirugía para extirpar la glándula timo. Puede reducir los síntomas de la miastenia grave, posiblemente reequilibrando el sistema inmunitario</li> </ul> <p>Los cambios en el estilo de vida pueden ayudar a algunas personas. Estos pueden incluir ejercicio suave y regular, descansar lo suficiente y consumir alimentos saludables.</p> <p>Algunas personas con miastenia grave entran en remisión. Esto significa que no presentan síntomas. La remisión suele ser temporal, pero a veces puede ser permanente.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Myasthenia Gravis Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Enfermedades musculares Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <h3>¿Qué es la mielitis flácida aguda?</h3> <p>La mielitis flácida aguda es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">enfermedad neurológica</a> poco común, pero seria. Afecta un área de la médula espinal llamada sustancia gris. Esto puede causar que los músculos y los reflejos del cuerpo se debiliten. </p> <p>Debido a estos síntomas, algunas personas la llaman "enfermedad parecida a la polio". Sin embargo, es diferente a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html">polio</a>, ya que la mielitis flácida aguda no es causada por un poliovirus. </p> <h3>¿Qué causa la mielitis flácida aguda?</h3> <p>La mielitis flácida aguda puede ser causada por diferentes virus. Los investigadores piensan que los enterovirus han estado causando los recientes aumentos en la cantidad de niños con la afección. La mielitis flácida aguda también puede ser causadas por otros virus, incluyendo flavivirus, herpesvirus y adenovirus. </p> <p>La mayoría de las personas con la afección presenta una enfermedad respiratoria leve o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a> (parecida a una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">infección viral</a>) antes de tener mielitis flácida aguda.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más posibilidades de desarrollar mielitis flácida aguda?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener mielitis flácida aguda, pero la mayoría de los casos (más del 90%) se ha presentado en niños.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la mielitis flácida aguda?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas con mielitis flácida aguda presenta repentinamente:</p> <ul> <li>Debilidad en brazos o piernas</li> <li>Pérdida del tono muscular y los reflejos</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas también tienen otros síntomas, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Flacidez y debilidad facial </li> <li>Dificultad para mover los ojos</li> <li>Párpados caídos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">Problemas para tragar</a></li> <li>Dificultad para pronunciar palabras</li> <li>Dolor en brazos, piernas, espalda o cuello</li> </ul> <p>En ocasiones, la mielitis flácida aguda puede debilitar los músculos necesarios para respirar. Esto puede llevar a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratoryfailure.html">insuficiencia respiratoria</a>, una enfermedad muy grave. Para tratarla, puede ser necesario el uso de un ventilador (máquina para asistir la respiración).</p> <p>Si usted o su hijo presentan alguno de estos síntomas, debe buscar atención médica de inmediato.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la mielitis flácida aguda?</h3> <p>La mielitis flácida aguda causa muchos de los mismos síntomas que otras enfermedades neurológicas, como la mielitis transversa y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guillainbarresyndrome.html">síndrome de Guillain-Barré</a>. Esto puede hacer que sea difícil de diagnosticar. Para averiguar si tiene mielitis flácida aguda, su médico puede usar::</p> <ul> <li>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/">examen neurológico</a>, incluyendo examinar dónde hay debilidad, bajo tono muscular y disminución de los reflejos</li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a> para observar imágenes de la médula espinal y el cerebro </li> <li>Pruebas de laboratorio del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-cefalorraquideo/">líquido cefalorraquídeo</a> (el líquido que rodea el cerebro y la médula espinal)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">Velocidad de conducción nerviosa y electromiografía</a>: Estas pruebas sirven para verificar la rapidez y la respuesta de los músculos a los mensajes de los nervios </li> </ul> <p>Es importante que las pruebas se realicen en cuanto comiencen los síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la mielitis flácida aguda?</h3> <p>No hay un tratamiento específico para la mielitis flácida aguda. Un neurólogo (especialista en el tratamiento de enfermedades del cerebro y la médula espinal) puede recomendar tratamientos para los síntomas específicos. Por ejemplo, la terapia física u ocupacional puede ayudar con la debilidad de brazos o piernas. Los investigadores no conocen el pronóstico a largo plazo de personas que tienen mielitis flácida aguda.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la mielitis flácida aguda?</h3> <p>No existe una forma específica de prevenir la mielitis flácida aguda. Pero puede tomar medidas para evitar enfermarse de un virus al:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">Lavarse las manos</a> frecuentemente con jabón y agua</li> <li>Evitar tocarse la cara cuando no se ha lavado las manos</li> <li>Evitar el contacto cercano con personas enfermas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">Limpiar y desinfectar</a> las superficies que usted toca en forma frecuente, incluyendo juguetes</li> <li>Cubrirse la cara al estornudar y toser con un pañuelo desechable o el brazo</li> <li>Quedarse en la casa cuando se enferme</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Niños y adolescentes Infecciones Cerebro y nervios Acute Flaccid Myelitis Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Mieloma de células plasmáticas Plasmacitoma maligno <p>El mieloma múltiple es un cáncer que comienza en las células del plasma, un tipo de glóbulos blancos. Estas células forman parte del sistema inmunitario, que ayuda a proteger el cuerpo contra los gérmenes y otras sustancias malignas. Con el paso del tiempo, las células del mieloma se acumulan en la médula ósea y en las partes sólidas del hueso. </p> <p>No se conoce la causa exacta del mieloma múltiple, pero es más común en las personas de edad avanzada y en afroamericanos. Puede ser hereditaria. Los síntomas más comunes pueden ser:</p><ul> <li> Dolor en los huesos, con frecuencia en la espalda o las costillas </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">Fracturas</a> (huesos rotos)</li> <li> Debilidad o fatiga </li> <li> Pérdida de peso</li> <li> Infecciones y fiebre frecuentes </li> <li> Sed </li> <li> Ganas de orinar con frecuencia </li> </ul> <p>Los doctores diagnostican el mieloma múltiple usando pruebas de laboratorio, exámenes por imágenes y una biopsia de la médula ósea. El tratamiento depende de cuán avanzada está la enfermedad y si usted tiene síntomas. Si usted no tiene síntomas, es posible que no necesite tratamiento inmediato. Si presenta síntomas, usted puede ser tratado con quimioterapia, trasplante de células madre, radiación o terapia dirigida. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas, causando menos daños a las células normales. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Sistema inmunitario Multiple Myeloma Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades de la médula ósea Linfoma Trasplante de médula ósea Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer <h3>What are migraines?</h3> <p>Migraines are a recurring type of headache. They cause moderate to severe pain that is throbbing or pulsing. The pain is often on one side of your head. You may also have other symptoms, such as nausea and weakness. You may be sensitive to light and sound.</p> <h3>What causes migraines?</h3> <p>Researchers believe that migraine has a genetic cause. There are also a number of factors that can trigger a migraine. These factors vary from person to person, and they include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">Stress</a></li> <li>Anxiety</li> <li>Hormonal changes in women</li> <li>Bright or flashing lights</li> <li>Loud noises</li> <li>Strong smells</li> <li>Medicines</li> <li>Too much or not enough sleep</li> <li>Sudden changes in weather or environment</li> <li>Overexertion (too much physical activity)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Tobacco</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">Caffeine</a> or caffeine withdrawal</li> <li>Skipped meals</li> <li>Medication overuse (taking medicine for migraines too often)</li> </ul> <p>Some people have found that certain foods or ingredients can trigger headaches, especially when they are combined with other triggers. These foods and ingredients include:</p><ul> <li>Alcohol</li> <li>Chocolate</li> <li>Aged cheeses</li> <li>Monosodium glutamate (MSG)</li> <li>Some fruits and nuts</li> <li>Fermented or pickled goods</li> <li>Yeast</li> <li>Cured or processed meats</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for migraines?</h3> <p>About 12% of Americans get migraines. They can affect anyone, but you are more likely to have them if you:</p><ul> <li><strong>Are a woman.</strong> Women are three times more likely than men to get migraines.</li> <li><strong>Have a family history of migraines.</strong> Most people with migraines have family members who have migraines.</li> <li><strong>Have other medical conditions,</strong> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html">bipolar disorder</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">sleep disorders</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html">epilepsy</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of migraines?</h3> <p>There are four different phases of migraines. You may not always go through every phase each time you have a migraine.:</p><ul> <li><strong>Prodome.</strong> This phase starts up to 24 hours before you get the migraine. You have early signs and symptoms, such as food cravings, unexplained mood changes, uncontrollable yawning, fluid retention, and increased urination.</li> <li><strong>Aura.</strong> If you have this phase, you might see flashing or bright lights or zig-zag lines. You may have muscle weakness or feel like you are being touched or grabbed. An aura can happen just before or during a migraine.</li> <li><strong>Headache.</strong> A migraine usually starts gradually and then becomes more severe. It typically causes throbbing or pulsing pain, which is often on one side of your head. But sometimes you can have a migraine without a headache. Other migraine symptoms may include</li> <ul> <li>Increased sensitivity to light, noise, and odors</li> <li>Nausea and vomiting</li> <li>Worsened pain when you move, cough, or sneeze</li> </ul> <li><strong>Postdrome</strong> (following the headache). You may feel exhausted, weak, and confused after a migraine. This can last up to a day.</li> </ul> <p>Migraines are more common in the morning; people often wake up with them. Some people have migraines at predictable times, such as before menstruation or on weekends following a stressful week of work.</p> <h3>How are migraines diagnosed?</h3> <p>To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will:</p><ul> <li>Take your medical history</li> <li>Ask about your symptoms</li> <li>Do a physical and neurological exam</li> </ul> <p>An important part of diagnosing migraines is to rule out other medical conditions which could be causing the symptoms. So you may also have blood tests, an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT</a> scan, or other tests.</p> <h3>How are migraines treated?</h3> <p>There is no cure for migraines. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks.</p> <p>There are different types of medicines to relieve symptoms. They include triptan drugs, ergotamine drugs, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a>. The sooner you take the medicine, the more effective it is.</p> <p>There are also other things you can do to feel better:</p><ul> <li>Resting with your eyes closed in a quiet, darkened room</li> <li>Placing a cool cloth or ice pack on your forehead</li> <li>Drinking fluids</li> </ul> <p>There are some lifestyle changes you can make to prevent migraines:</p><ul> <li>Stress management strategies, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, and biofeedback, may reduce the number and severity of migraines. Biofeedback uses electronic devices to teach you to control certain body functions, such as your heartbeat, blood pressure, and muscle tension.</li> <li>Make a log of what seems to trigger your migraines. You can learn what you need to avoid, such as certain foods and medicines. It also help you figure out what you should do, such as establishing a consistent sleep schedule and eating regular meals.</li> <li>Hormone therapy may help some women whose migraines seem to be linked to their <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">menstrual cycle</a></li> <li>If you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">losing weight</a> may also be helpful</li> </ul> <p>If you have frequent or severe migraines, you may need to take medicines to prevent further attacks. Talk with your health care provider about which drug would be right for you.</p> <p>Certain natural treatments, such as riboflavin (vitamin B2) and coenzyme Q10, may help prevent migraines. If your magnesium level is low, you can try taking magnesium. There is also an herb, butterbur, which some people take to prevent migraines. But butterbur may not be safe for long-term use. Always check with your health care provider before taking any supplements.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Migraña Migraine Disorders Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Headache Vascular Headache NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues American Migraine Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Migraine Foundation Related Issues American Migraine Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues American Migraine Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies American Migraine Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Migraine Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert American Migraine Foundation Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Living With American Migraine Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Migraine Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Living With National Headache Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Migraine Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Children American Migraine Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Migraine Foundation Related Issues American Migraine Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Migraine Foundation Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Diagnosis and Tests American Migraine Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Migraine Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Migraine Foundation Jaqueca <h3>¿Qué son las migrañas?</h3> <p>Las migrañas son un tipo recurrente de dolor de cabeza. Causan dolor de moderado a intenso que puede ser pulsante o vibrante. A menudo, el dolor se siente a un lado de su cabeza. También puede tener otros síntomas, como náuseas y debilidad. Puede ser sensible a la luz y el sonido.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa las migrañas?</h3> <p>Los investigadores piensan que las migrañas tienen una causa genética. También hay una serie de factores que pueden desencadenar una migraña. Estos factores varían de persona a persona, e incluyen:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">Estrés</a></li> <li>Ansiedad</li> <li>Cambios hormonales en las mujeres</li> <li>Luces brillantes o intermitentes</li> <li>Ruidos fuertes</li> <li>Olores fuertes</li> <li>Medicamentos</li> <li>Demasiada o poca cantidad de sueño</li> <li>Cambios repentinos en el clima o el medio ambiente</li> <li>Sobreesfuerzo (demasiada actividad física)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Tabaco</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">Cafeína</a> (consumo o abstinencia)</li> <li>Saltarse comidas </li> <li>Uso excesivo de medicamentos (tomar medicamentos para migrañas con demasiada frecuencia)</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas han descubierto que ciertos alimentos o ingredientes pueden desencadenar dolores de cabeza, especialmente cuando se combinan con otros desencadenantes. Estos alimentos e ingredientes incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Alcohol</li> <li>Chocolate</li> <li>Quesos maduros</li> <li>Glutamato monosódico </li> <li>Algunas frutas y nueces</li> <li>Productos fermentados o encurtidos</li> <li>Levadura</li> <li>Carnes curadas o procesadas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener migrañas?</h3> <p>Cerca del 12% de los estadounidenses sufren migrañas. Pueden afectar a cualquier persona, pero es más probable que las sufra si:</p><ul> <li><strong>Es mujer</strong>: Las mujeres tienen tres veces más probabilidades que los hombres de tener migrañas</li> <li><strong>Tiene historia familiar de migrañas</strong>: La mayoría de las personas con migrañas tienen familiares que sufren migrañas</li> <li><strong>Tiene otros problemas médicos</strong>: Como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html">trastorno bipolar</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html">problemas del sueño</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html">epilepsia</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las migrañas?</h3> <p>Las migrañas tiene cuatro fases diferentes. Es posible que no siempre pase por todas las fases cada vez que tenga una migraña.:</p><ul> <li><strong>Fase prodómica (previa)</strong>: Esta fase comienza hasta 24 horas antes de que tenga la migraña. Existen signos y síntomas tempranos, como antojos de comida, cambios de humor inexplicables, bostezos incontrolables, retención de líquidos y aumento de la micción</li> <li><strong>Aura</strong>: Si tiene esta fase, es posible que vea luces intermitentes o brillantes o líneas zigzagueantes. Puede sentir debilidad muscular o que lo están tocando o agarrando. El aura puede ocurrir justo antes o durante una migraña</li> <li><strong>Fase de dolor de cabeza</strong>: En general, una migraña comienza en forma gradual y luego se vuelve más severa. A menudo, causa dolor palpitante o pulsante, usualmente a un lado de la cabeza. Pero, a veces, puede tener una migraña sin dolor de cabeza. Otros síntomas de migraña pueden incluir:</li> <ul> <li>Mayor sensibilidad a la luz, el ruido y los olores</li> <li>Náuseas y vómitos</li> <li>Dolor que empeora cuando se mueve, tose o estornuda</li> </ul> <li><strong>Fase postdrómica (después del dolor de cabeza)</strong>: Puede sentirse agotado, débil y confundido después de una migraña. Esto puede durar hasta un día</li> </ul> <p>Las migrañas son más comunes en la mañana. A menudo, las personas se despiertan con ellas. Hay quienes sufren migrañas en momentos predecibles, como antes de la menstruación o los fines de semana tras una semana estresante de trabajo.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las migrañas?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su proveedor de atención médica:</p><ul> <li>Evaluará su historia clínica</li> <li>Preguntará sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Hará un examen físico y neurológico</li> </ul> <p>Una parte importante del diagnóstico de migrañas es descartar otras afecciones médicas que podrían estar causando los síntomas. Por lo tanto, es posible que también le solicite un análisis de sangre, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> u otras pruebas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se tratan las migrañas?</h3> <p>No hay cura para las migrañas. El tratamiento se enfoca en aliviar los síntomas y prevenir nuevas crisis.</p> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de medicinas para aliviar los síntomas, incluyendo triptanos, ergotamina y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a>. Cuanto antes los tome, más efectivo serán. También existen otras cosas que puede hacer para sentirse mejor:</p><ul> <li>Descansar con los ojos cerrados en una habitación silenciosa y oscura</li> <li>Colocar un paño frío o compresa de hielo en la frente</li> <li>Beber líquidos</li> </ul> <p>Existen algunos cambios en el estilo de vida que puede hacer para prevenir las migrañas:</p><ul> <li>Las estrategias para controlar el estrés, como el ejercicio, las técnicas de relajación y la biorretroalimentación, pueden reducir la frecuencia y la gravedad de las migrañas. La biorretroalimentación utiliza dispositivos electrónicos para enseñarle a controlar ciertas funciones del cuerpo, como el latido cardíaco, la presión arterial y la tensión muscular</li> <li>Haga un registro de lo que parece desencadenar sus migrañas. Puede averiguar lo que necesita evitar, como ciertos alimentos y medicamentos. También puede ayudar a descubrir qué debe hacer, como establecer un horario de sueño constante y no saltarse comidas</li> <li>La terapia hormonal puede ayudar a algunas mujeres cuyas migrañas parecen estar relacionadas con su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">ciclo menstrual</a></li> <li>Si tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">perder peso</a> también puede ayudar</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene migrañas frecuentes o severas, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos para prevenir futuras crisis. Hable con su proveedor de atención médica sobre qué medicamento puede ser el adecuado para usted.</p> <p>Ciertos tratamientos naturales, como la riboflavina (vitamina B2) y la coenzima Q10, pueden ayudar a prevenir las migrañas. Si su nivel de magnesio es bajo, puede intentar tomar magnesio. También hay una hierba que algunas personas toman para prevenir las migrañas, la petasita. Pero esta no es segura para el uso a largo plazo. Siempre consulte con su proveedor de atención médica antes de tomar cualquier suplemento.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Migraine Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Dolor de cabeza Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos MCI <p>Some forgetfulness can be a normal part of aging. However, some people have more <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html">memory</a> problems than other people their age. This condition is called mild cognitive impairment, or MCI. People with MCI can take care of themselves and do their normal activities.</p> <p>MCI memory problems may include:</p><ul> <li>Losing things often</li> <li>Forgetting to go to events and appointments</li> <li>Having more trouble coming up with words than other people of the same age</li> </ul> <p>Memory problems can also have other causes, including certain medicines and diseases that affect the blood vessels that supply the brain. Some of the problems brought on by these conditions can be managed or reversed.</p> <p>Your health care provider can do thinking, memory, and language tests to see if you have MCI. You may also need to see a specialist for more tests. Because MCI may be an early sign of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a>, it's really important to see your health care provider every 6 to 12 months.</p> <p>At this time, there is no proven drug treatment for MCI. Your health care provider can check to see if you have any changes in your memory or thinking skills over time.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Mental Health and Behavior Older Adults Brain and Nerves Deterioro cognitivo leve Cognitive Dysfunction Spanish National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Disease Dementia Memory MCI Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute on Aging NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Diagnosis and Tests U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Alzheimer's Association Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Family Physicians Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research National Institute on Aging NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services <p>Los minerales son importantes para su cuerpo y para mantenerse sano. El organismo usa los minerales para muchas funciones distintas, incluyendo el mantener los huesos, corazón y cerebro funcionando bien. Los minerales también son importantes para las enzimas y las hormonas. </p> <p>Existen dos tipos de minerales, los macrominerales y los oligoelementos. Usted necesita mayores cantidades de macrominerales. Estos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a>, fósforo, magnesio, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sodio</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html">potasio</a>, cloro y azufre. Usted necesita menores cantidades de oligoelementos. Estos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html">hierro</a>, manganeso, cobre, yodo, cinc, cobalto, flúor y selenio. </p> <p>La mayoría de las personas obtienen los minerales que necesitan al comer una amplia variedad de alimentos. En algunos casos, su médico puede recomendarle un suplemento mineral. Personas con algunos problemas de salud o que están tomando algunas medicinas pueden necesitar consumir menos de un mineral. Por ejemplo, personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">enfermedad renal crónica</a> tienen que limitar su consumo de potasio. </p> Alimentos y nutrición Minerals Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Antioxidantes Calcio Equilibrio hidroelectrolítico Hierro en la dieta Nutrición Potasio en la dieta Suplementos en la dieta Vitaminas Oligoelementos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>Minerals are important for your body to stay healthy. Your body uses minerals for many different jobs, including keeping your bones, muscles, heart, and brain working properly. Minerals are also important for making enzymes and hormones.</p> <p>There are two kinds of minerals: macrominerals and trace minerals. You need larger amounts of macrominerals. They include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a>, phosphorus, magnesium, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">sodium</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html">potassium</a>, chloride and sulfur. You only need small amounts of trace minerals. They include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html">iron</a>, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride and selenium. </p> <p>Most people get the amount of minerals they need by eating a wide variety of foods. In some cases, your doctor may recommend a mineral supplement. People who have certain health problems or take some medicines may need to get less of one of the minerals. For example, people with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">chronic kidney disease</a> need to limit foods that are high in potassium.</p> Food and Nutrition Minerales en la dieta Minerals Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Antioxidants Calcium Dietary Supplements Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Iron Nutrition Potassium Sodium Vitamins Chromium Copper Magnesium Phosphorus Selenium Zinc Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Related Issues Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Texas Heart Institute Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Texas Heart Institute Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>La miositis es la inflamación de los músculos que se usan para mover el cuerpo. Puede ser causada por una lesión, una infección o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">enfermedad autoinmune</a>. Dos tipos principales de miositis son la polimiositis y la dermatomiositis. La polimiositis causa debilidad en los músculos y en general afecta a los músculos cercanos al tronco del cuerpo. La dermatomiositis causa también debilidad muscular y además un sarpullido en la piel. </p> <p>Otros síntomas de la miositis pueden ser:</p><ul> <li>Cansancio después de caminar o estar parado</li> <li>Tropiezos o caídas</li> <li>Problemas para tragar o respirar</li> </ul> <p>Para su diagnóstico el doctor hará un examen físico, exámenes de laboratorio, de imagen y una biopsia muscular. No existe una cura para estas enfermedades pero los síntomas se pueden controlar. Tanto la polimiositis como la dermatomiositis se tratan con altas dosis de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticosteroides</a>. Otras opciones pueden ser otros medicamentos, terapia de rehabilitación, ejercicio, calor, aparatos de asistencia y descanso. </p> <p class=""> Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Myositis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Enfermedades musculares Dermatomiositis Polimiositis Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spontaneous abortion <p>A miscarriage is an unexpected loss of pregnancy before the 20th week of pregnancy. Most miscarriages happen very early in the pregnancy, often before a woman even knows she is pregnant.</p> <p>Factors that may contribute to miscarriage include:</p><ul> <li>A genetic problem with the fetus</li> <li>Problems with the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinediseases.html">uterus</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervixdisorders.html">cervix</a></li> <li>Chronic diseases, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">polycystic ovary syndrome</a></li> </ul> <p>Signs of a miscarriage include vaginal spotting, abdominal pain or cramping, and fluid or tissue passing from the vagina. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html">Bleeding</a> can be a symptom of miscarriage, but many women also have it in early pregnancy and don't miscarry. To be sure, contact your health care provider right away if you have bleeding.</p> <p>Women who miscarry early in their pregnancy usually do not need any treatment. In some cases, there is tissue left in the uterus. Doctors use a procedure called a dilatation and curettage (D&amp;C) or medicines to remove the tissue.</p> <p>Counseling may help you cope with your grief. Later, if you do decide to try again, work closely with your health care provider to lower the risks. Many women who have a miscarriage go on to have healthy babies.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Pérdida del embarazo Abortion, Spontaneous Amharic Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi French Hindi Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Ectopic Pregnancy Stillbirth Pregnancy Loss Spontaneous Abortion Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Compassionate Friends Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With March of Dimes Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Statistics and Research March of Dimes Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video <p>Metabolism is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Chemicals in your digestive system (enzymes) break the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body's fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body tissues. If you have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html">metabolic disorder</a>, something goes wrong with this process.</p> <p>Mitochondrial diseases are a group of metabolic disorders. Mitochondria are small structures that produce energy in almost all of your cells. They make it by combining oxygen with the fuel molecules (sugars and fats) that come from your food. When the mitochondria are defective, the cells do not have enough energy. The unused oxygen and fuel molecules build up in the cells and cause damage.</p> <p>The symptoms of mitochondrial disease can vary. It depends on how many mitochondria are defective, and where they are in the body. Sometimes only one organ, tissue, or cell type is affected. But often the problem affects many of them. Muscle and nerve cells have especially high energy needs, so muscular and neurological problems are common. The diseases range from mild to severe. Some types can be fatal.</p> <p>Genetic mutations cause these diseases. They usually happen before age 20, and some are more common in infants. There are no cures for these diseases, but treatments may help with symptoms and slow down the disease. They may include physical therapy, vitamins and supplements, special diets, and medicines.</p> Metabolic Problems Trastornos mitocondriales Mitochondrial Diseases Spanish Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders Lipid Metabolism Disorders Metabolic Disorders Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Barth Syndrome Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation Start Here Muscular Dystrophy Association PDF Start Here United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation Barlow's syndrome Floppy valve syndrome MVP <h3>What is the mitral valve?</h3> <p>The mitral valve is one of the four valves in your heart. Heart valves have flaps that open and close. The flaps make sure that blood flows in the right direction through your heart and to the rest of your body. When your heart beats, the flaps open to let blood through. Between heartbeats, they close to stop the blood from flowing backwards.</p> <p>The mitral valve opens to let blood flow from your heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. When the lower left chamber contracts (squeezes) to pump blood to your body, the mitral valve closes tightly to keep any blood from flowing backwards.</p> <h3>What is mitral valve prolapse (MVP)?</h3> <p>Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) happens when the flaps of the mitral valve become floppy and don't close tightly. In some cases, blood may leak backwards through the valve to the chamber it came from. This is called backflow, or regurgitation. When there is a lot of mitral valve backflow, the heart can't push enough blood out to the body.</p> <p>But most people who have MVP don't have any backflow. In fact, MVP doesn't cause any health problems for most people who have it.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop mitral valve prolapse (MVP)?</h3> <p>Anyone can have MVP. Most people who have it were born with it. MVP tends to run in families, but researchers don't know the exact cause.</p> <p>You may be more likely to develop MVP if you:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Are older.</strong> The risk of MVP increases as aging affects the valve.</li> <li><strong>Had rheumatic fever,</strong> a disease that can develop after a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html">strep throat infection</a> and cause damage to the heart valves.</li> <li><strong>Were born with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/connectivetissuedisorders.html">connective tissue disorder</a></strong>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/marfansyndrome.html">Marfan syndrome</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html">Ehlers-Danlos syndrome</a>.</li> <li><strong>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/graves-disease/">Graves' disease</a></strong>, a type of thyroid condition.</li> <li><strong>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html">scoliosis</a></strong> (a side-to-side curve of the spine) or other problems with the bones of your body.</li> <li><strong>Have some types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html">muscular dystrophy</a>.</strong></li> </ul> <p>Mitral valve prolapse with backflow is most common in men and people who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of mitral valve prolapse (MVP)?</h3> <p>Most people who have MVP don't have any symptoms. But if it does cause symptoms, they may include:</p> <ul> <li>Heart palpitations (feeling that your heart is fluttering, skipping beats, or beating too hard or too fast)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a> (feeling like you can't get enough air)</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">cough</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">dizziness</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html">Migraines</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a></li> </ul> <h3>What other problems can mitral valve prolapse (MVP) cause?</h3> <p>In rare cases, MVP can cause other problems. They're most often caused by backflow. They can include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">Arrhythmia</a>, a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html">Endocarditis</a>, an infection in the lining of the heart and heart valves</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is mitral valve prolapse (MVP) diagnosed?</h3> <p>Health care providers often find MVP during routine health check-ups. If you have MVP, your provider may hear a clicking sound when listening to your heart with a stethoscope. If blood flows backwards through the valve, your heart may also make a whooshing sound called a heart murmur.</p> <p>You may also need certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">heart tests</a>. The most useful test is an echocardiogram, or echo. This is a type of<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/"> ultrasound</a> that uses sound waves to make a moving picture of your heart.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for mitral valve prolapse (MVP)?</h3> <p>Most people don't need any treatment for MVP. If you have symptoms with little or no backflow, you may only need medicine to relieve your discomfort.</p> <p>If the amount of backflow is significant, you may need treatment to prevent other heart problems from developing. Treatments may include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> to help your heart work better.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html">Heart surgery</a></strong> to repair or replace a very abnormal mitral valve with backflow. The goal of surgery is to improve your symptoms and reduce your risk of developing heart failure.</li> </ul> <p>When possible, valve repair is generally preferred over replacement. That's because repairs are less likely to weaken the heart muscle, and they're less likely to cause heart infection.</p> <h3>Can mitral valve prolapse be prevented?</h3> <p>You can't prevent mitral valve prolapse. But if you have mitral valve prolapse, you can help prevent the rare but serious problems it can cause by:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html">Brushing and flossing your teeth regularly</a>. That helps keep bacteria out of your bloodstream, which further reduces the rare risk of a heart infection.</li> <li>Asking your provider if you need to take <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a> before dental work or surgery to lower your risk of heart infection. This mostly applies to people who have had valve repair or replacement surgery.</li> <li>Getting regular check-ups and taking any medicines that your provider may have prescribed.</li> <li>Making heart-healthy habits part of your life to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">prevent heart disease</a>.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Prolapso de la válvula mitral Mitral Valve Prolapse Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Heart Health Tests Heart Valve Diseases Find an Expert American Heart Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here Texas Heart Institute Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here American Heart Association Related Issues American Heart Association Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Texas Heart Institute Ambulation devices <h3>What are mobility aids?</h3> <p>Mobility aids help you walk or move from place to place if you have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">disability</a> or an injury.</p> <p>Types of mobility aids can include:</p> <ul> <li>Crutches</li> <li>Canes</li> <li>Walkers</li> <li>Wheelchairs</li> <li>Motorized scooters</li> <li>Prostheses, a device to replace a missing part of your body or make part of your body work better, such as a leg</li> </ul> <p>Ramps, stairlifts, and handrails are also mobility aids. These additions can help you safely move around your environment.</p> <h3>Who might benefit from mobility aids?</h3> <p>Mobility aids can help people who have a physical disability or trouble moving around be more independent. A few reasons a mobility aid might help you include:</p> <ul> <li>If you are at <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">risk of falling</a> or are healing from a lower-body injury, you may need a walker or cane.</li> <li>You may use crutches to keep your body weight off your foot, ankle, or knee.</li> <li>You may need a wheelchair or a scooter if an injury or disease has left you unable to walk.</li> <li>Various mobility aids may also benefit people with certain health conditions or older adults.</li> </ul> <h3>How do I choose a mobility aid?</h3> <p>Your health care provider or a physical therapist may help you choose a mobility aid. Choosing these devices takes time and research. You might need good upper body strength or balance to use some mobility aids safely. Otherwise, they may not be the best choice for you. You should be fitted for some mobility aids such as crutches, canes, and walkers. If they fit, these devices give you support, but they can be uncomfortable and unsafe if they don't.</p> Wellness and Lifestyle Aparatos para movilidad asistida Self-Help Devices Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese Assistive Devices Canes Crutches Walkers Wheelchairs Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Related Issues Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center Related Issues Administration for Community Living Find an Expert Administration for Community Living Journal Articles Related Issues National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center <p>El moho está formado por hongos que pueden encontrarse en exteriores o interiores. Crecen mejor en condiciones cálidas, mojadas y húmedas. Si tiene lugares mojados o húmedos en su casa, probablemente tendrá hongos. </p> <p>El moho puede causarle problemas de salud. Inhalar o tocar moho o esporas de moho puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">reacciones alérgicas</a> o crisis de asma en personas sensibles. También puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html">infecciones micóticas</a>. Además, la exposición al moho puede irritarle los ojos, la piel, la nariz, la garganta y los pulmones.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Molds Aspergilosis Fiebre del valle Histoplasmosis Infecciones por hongos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Fungi <p>Molds are fungi that can be found both outdoors and indoors. They grow best in warm, damp and humid conditions. If you have damp or wet spots in your house, you will probably get mold.</p> <p>Molds can cause health problems. Inhaling or touching mold or mold spores may cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">allergic reactions</a> or asthma attacks in sensitive people. Molds can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html">fungal infections</a>. In addition, mold exposure may irritate your eyes, skin, nose, throat, and lungs. </p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Moho Fungi Spanish Aspergillosis Fungal Infections Histoplasmosis Valley Fever Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Start Here American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Images Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Journal Articles Nevus <p>Moles are growths on the skin. They happen when pigment cells in the skin, called melanocytes, grow in clusters. Moles are very common. Most people have between 10 and 40 moles. A person may develop new moles from time to time, usually until about age 40. In older people, they tend to fade away.</p> <p>Moles are usually pink, tan or brown. They can be flat or raised. They are usually round or oval and no larger than a pencil eraser.</p> <p>About one out of every ten people has at least one unusual (or atypical) mole that looks different from an ordinary mole. They are called dysplastic nevi. They may be more likely than ordinary moles to develop into <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/melanoma.html">melanoma</a>, a type of skin cancer. You should have a health care professional check your moles if they look unusual, grow larger, change in color or outline, or in any other way.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Lunares Nevus Spanish National Cancer Institute Skin Pigmentation Disorders Nevus Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Related Issues Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Children VisualDX Find an Expert American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Images VisualDX Start Here American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Start Here American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Nevus Outreach, Inc. Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Living With Nevus Outreach, Inc. Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Nevus Outreach, Inc. Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Nevus Outreach, Inc. Enfermedad del beso Mononucleosis <h3>¿Qué es la mononucleosis infecciosa?</h3> <p>La mononucleosis infecciosa (también conocida como mono) es una enfermedad causada por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virus</a>. La causa más común es el virus de Epstein-Barr. La mononucleosis es contagiosa, es decir, puede transmitirse de persona a persona. Es común entre adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, especialmente estudiantes universitarios.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la mononucleosis infecciosa?</h3> <p>La mononucleosis puede ser causada por muchos virus diferentes, pero la causa más frecuente es el virus de Epstein-Barr. Este virus se encuentra en todo el mundo. La mayoría de las personas contraen una infección por Epstein-Barr en algún momento de sus vidas, pero solo algunas experimentan síntomas de mononucleosis. Las infecciones por Epstein-Barr suelen ocurrir durante la niñez o cuando es adulto joven. En general, las infecciones por Epstein-Barr en niños no causan síntomas, y cuando lo hacen, es difícil distinguir entre los síntomas de la mononucleosis y los de otras afecciones infantiles comunes, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a>. Los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes que contraen Epstein-Barr tienen más probabilidades de tener síntomas típicos de mononucleosis.</p> <p>En general, el virus de Epstein-Barr y los otros virus que causan mononucleosis se transmiten a través de fluidos corporales, especialmente la saliva. Esto significa que puede contraerlo a través de los besos. Por ello, a veces se conoce a la mononucleosis como la "enfermedad del beso". Pero también puede contraerlos si comparte alimentos, bebidas, tenedores, cucharas o bálsamo labial con alguien que tiene mononucleosis. Otras formas menos comunes de contraer la infección son a través de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">transfusiones de sangre</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">trasplantes de órganos</a> y sangre y semen durante el contacto sexual.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la mononucleosis infecciosa?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la mononucleosis suelen comenzar entre cuatro y seis semanas después de contraer la infección. Pero es posible que comiencen antes en niños pequeños. Los síntomas suelen aparecer lentamente y es posible que no todos se presenten al mismo tiempo. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a> extrema</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li>Dolor de garganta</li> <li>Dolores de cabeza y cuerpo</li> <li>Inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos del cuello y las axilas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">Sarpullido</a></li> <li>Inflamación de hígado, bazo o ambos (estos son síntomas menos comunes)</li> </ul> <p>La mayoría de las personas mejoran en dos a cuatro semanas. Sin embargo, otras pueden sentirse fatigadas durante varias semanas más. En ocasiones, los síntomas pueden durar seis meses o más.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la mononucleosis infecciosa?</h3> <p>Su profesión al de la salud puede diagnosticarla según sus síntomas y un examen físico. El examen incluye comprobar si los ganglios linfáticos, las amígdalas, el hígado o el bazo están inflamados. En algunos casos, su proveedor también podría solicitar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">Sarpullido</a> para confirmar el diagnóstico.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la mononucleosis infecciosa?</h3> <p>No existe un tratamiento específico para la mononucleosis ya que desaparece por sí sola. Pero usted puede ayudar a aliviar sus síntomas al:</p> <ul> <li>Beber muchos líquidos para evitar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratación</a></li> <li>Descansar mucho</li> <li>Tomar medicamentos de venta libre para el dolor y la fiebre. No le dé aspirina a niños ni adolescentes porque puede causar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reyesyndrome.html">síndrome de Reye</a>, una enfermedad rara y grave que puede afectar el cerebro y el hígado</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene síntomas serios, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle un tratamiento adicional según los órganos de su cuerpo afectados por la mononucleosis.</p> <p>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a> no tratan las infecciones virales, por lo que no ayudan con la mononucleosis. Algunas personas contraen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">infecciones bacterianas</a>, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html">faringitis estreptocócica</a>, junto con mononucleosis. En ese caso, es probable que necesite antibióticos para tratar la infección. Pero no debe tomar antibióticos tipo penicilina como ampicilina o amoxicilina. Estos pueden causar sarpullido en personas con mononucleosis.</p> <p>La mononucleosis puede causar un agrandamiento del bazo, que podría romperse y provocar una emergencia médica. Para tratar de proteger el bazo, los profesionales de la salud recomiendan evitar el ejercicio intenso y los deportes de contacto hasta que se recupere por completo (cerca de un mes).</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la mononucleosis infecciosa?</h3> <p>No existe una vacuna que proteja contra la mononucleosis. Para reducir sus posibilidades de contraer o transmitir mononucleosis:</p> <ul> <li>No comparta alimentos, bebidas, tenedores, cucharas ni protector labial con nadie, especialmente si usted o la otra persona tienen mononucleosis</li> <li>No bese a alguien si usted o la otra persona tienen mononucleosis</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">Lávese las manos</a> frecuentemente con agua y jabón</li> </ul> Infecciones Sistema inmunitario Infectious Mononucleosis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Beso, Enfermedad del Enfermedad del beso Epstein-Barr Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>Most people feel sad or irritable from time to time. They may say they're in a bad mood. A mood disorder is different. It affects a person's everyday emotional state. Nearly one in ten people aged 18 and older have mood disorders. These include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html">bipolar disorder</a> (also called manic depression).</p> <p>Mood disorders can increase a person's risk for heart disease, diabetes, and other diseases. Treatments include medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of both. With treatment, most people with mood disorders can lead productive lives.</p> Mental Health and Behavior Trastornos del estado de ánimo Mood Disorders Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Mental Health Bipolar Disorder Depression Cyclothymic Disorder Start Here Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Clinical Trials Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Find an Expert Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Children National Institute of Mental Health NIH Children American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert NAMI Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert American Psychological Association Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Living With American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists PDF Herida por mordida de animal <p>Los animales salvajes suelen huir de las personas. Sin embargo, pueden atacar si se sienten amenazados, si están enfermos, si protegen a sus crías o su territorio. Los ataques de mascotas son los más comunes. Las mordeduras de animales rara vez ponen en peligro la vida, pero si se infectan pueden surgir problemas médicos graves. </p> <p>Para evitar las mordeduras de animales y sus complicaciones:</p> <ul> <li> Nunca acaricie, manipule o alimente animales desconocidos </li> <li> No moleste a las serpientes </li> <li>Vigile cuidadosamente a sus hijos cuando haya animales cerca </li> <li>Vacune a sus gatos, hurones y perros contra la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rabies.html">rabia</a> </li> <li> Esterilice o castre a su perro para que sea menos agresivo </li> <li> Vacúnese con un refuerzo de la vacuna contra el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanus.html">tétanos</a> si no ha recibido uno recientemente </li> <li>Use botas y pantalones largos cuando vaya a regiones con serpientes venenosas </li> </ul> <p>Si un animal lo muerde, limpie la herida con agua y jabón lo más pronto posible. De ser necesario, obtenga atención médica.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Lesiones y heridas Sistema inmunitario Animal Bites Enfermedad por arañazo de gato Enfermedades de los animales y su salud Mpox Picaduras de arañas Picaduras de garrapatas Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos Rabia Animal, Mordeduras de Gato, Mordedura Perro, Mordedura Serpiente, Mordedura de Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Contusión Equimoma Golpe Magulladura Moradura Morete <p>Un moretón o hematoma es una marca en la piel causada por la presencia de sangre atrapada debajo de la superficie de la piel. Ocurre cuando una lesión rompe los vasos sanguíneos pequeños, pero no rompe la piel. Estos vasos se abren y dejan salir la sangre por debajo de la piel. </p> <p>Los moretones o hematomas suelen ser dolorosos e hinchados. Los hematomas pueden ser en la piel, un músculo o un hueso. Los hematomas óseos son los más serios.</p> <p>La desaparición de un hematoma puede llevar meses, pero la mayoría dura aproximadamente dos semanas. Comienzan de un color rojizo, luego se tornan azul violáceo y amarillo verdoso; antes de volver a la coloración normal. Para reducir los hematomas, coloque hielo sobre el área lesionada y elévela por arriba del nivel del corazón. Consulte a su médico si considera que tiene hematomas sin motivo o si parece haber una infección.</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Lesiones y heridas Síntomas Bruises Contusiones Equimosis Golpes Hematomas Magulladuras Moretes Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología <p>Mosquitoes are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html">insects</a> that live all over the world. There are thousands of different species of mosquitoes; about 200 of those live in the United States.</p> <p>Female mosquitoes bite animals and humans and drink a very small amount of their blood. They need protein and iron from blood to produce eggs. After drinking blood, they find some standing water and lay their eggs in it. The eggs hatch into larvae, then pupae, and then they become adult mosquitos. The males live for about a week to ten days, and the females can live up to several weeks. Some female mosquitoes can hibernate in the winter, and they can live for months.</p> <h3>What health problems can mosquito bites cause?</h3> <p>Most mosquito bites are harmless, but there are times when they can be dangerous. The ways that mosquito bites can affect humans include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Causing itchy bumps</strong>, as an immune system response to the mosquito's saliva. This is the most common reaction. The bumps usually go away after a day or two.</li> <li><strong>Causing allergic reactions</strong>, including blisters, large hives, and in rare cases, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html">anaphylaxis</a>. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that affects the whole body. It is a medical emergency.</li> <li><strong>Spreading diseases to humans</strong>. Some of these diseases can be serious. Many of them do not have any treatments, and only a few have vaccines to prevent them. These diseases are more of a problem in Africa and other tropical areas of the world, but more of them are spreading to the United States. One factor is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/climatechange.html">climate change</a>, which makes the conditions in some parts of the United States more favorable to certain types of mosquitoes. Other reasons include increased trade with, and travel to, tropical and subtropical areas.</li> </ul> <h3>Which diseases can mosquitoes spread?</h3> <p>Common diseases spread by mosquitoes include:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chikungunya.html">Chikungunya</a></strong>, a viral infection that causes symptoms such as fever and severe joint pain. The symptoms usually last about a week, but for some, the joint pain may last for months. Most cases of chikungunya in the United States are in people who traveled to other countries. There have been a few cases where it has spread in the United States.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dengue.html">Dengue</a></strong>, a viral infection that causes a high fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain, vomiting, and a rash. Most people get better within a few weeks. In some cases, it can become very severe, even life-threatening. Dengue is rare in the United States.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html">Malaria</a></strong>, a parasitic disease that causes serious symptoms such as high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like illness. It can be life-threatening, but there are drugs to treat it. Malaria is a major health problem in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Almost all cases of malaria in the United States are in people who traveled to other countries.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/westnilevirus.html">West Nile Virus</a></strong> (WNV), a viral infection that often has no symptoms. In those that do have symptoms, they are usually mild, and include fever, headache, and nausea. In rare cases, the virus can enter the brain, and it can be life-threatening. WNV has spread across the continental United States.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html">Zika Virus</a></strong>, a viral infection that often does not cause symptoms. One in five infected people do get symptoms, which are usually mild. They include a fever, rash, joint pain, and pink eye. Besides being spread by mosquitoes, Zika can spread from mother to baby during pregnancy and cause serious birth defects. It can also spread from one partner to another during sex. There have been a few outbreaks of Zika in the southern United States.</li> </ul> <h3>Can mosquito bites be prevented?</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Use an insect repellent when you go outdoors.</strong> Choose an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent. They are evaluated to make sure they are safe and effective. Make sure that the repellant has one of these ingredients: DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or para-menthane-diol. It is important to follow the instructions on the label.</li> <li><strong>Cover up.</strong> Wear long sleeves, long pants, and socks when outdoors. Mosquitoes may bite through thin fabric, so spray thin clothes with an EPA-registered repellent like permethrin. Don't apply permethrin directly to skin.</li> <li><strong>Mosquito-proof your home.</strong> Install or repair screens on windows and doors to keep mosquitoes out. Use air conditioning if you have it.</li> <li><strong>Get rid of mosquito breeding sites.</strong> Regularly empty standing water from your house and yard. The water could be in flowerpots, gutters, buckets, pool covers, pet water dishes, discarded tires, or birdbaths.</li> <li><strong>If you plan to travel, get information about the areas you will be going to.</strong> Find out whether there is a risk of diseases from mosquitoes, and if so, whether there is a vaccine or medicine to prevent those diseases. See a health care provider familiar with travel medicine, ideally 4 to 6 weeks before your trip.</li> </ul> Skin, Hair and Nails Injuries and Wounds Picadura de mosquitos Culicidae Arabic Bosnian Burmese French Kirundi Nepali Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Learn More National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Journal Articles Learn More American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Airsickness Carsickness Seasickness <p>Motion sickness is a common problem in people <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html">traveling</a> by car, train, airplanes, and especially boats. Anyone can get it, but it is more common in children, pregnant women, and people taking certain medicines. Motion sickness can start suddenly, with a queasy feeling and cold sweats. It can then lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">dizziness</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea and vomiting</a>.</p> <p>Your brain senses movement by getting signals from your inner ears, eyes, muscles, and joints. When it gets signals that do not match, you can get motion sickness. For example, if you are reading on your phone while riding a bus, your eyes are focused on something that is not moving, but your inner ear senses motion.</p> <p>Where you sit can make a difference. The front seat of a car, forward cars of a train, upper deck on a boat or wing seats in a plane may give you a smoother ride. Looking out into the distance - instead of trying to read or look at something in the vehicle - can also help. </p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention </p> Symptoms Mareo (Cinetosis) Motion Sickness Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Airsickness Carsickness Seasickness Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Learn More Vestibular Disorders Association Learn More American Brain Foundation Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Automobile safety Car safety Vehicle safety <p>Every year thousands of people in the U.S. die from motor vehicle crashes. Trying to prevent these crashes is one part of motor vehicle safety. Here are some things you can do to be safer on the road:</p> <ul> <li> Make sure your vehicle is safe and in working order</li> <li> Use car seats for children</li> <li> Wear your seat belt</li> <li> Don't speed or drive aggressively</li> <li> Don't drive <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/impaireddriving.html">impaired</a></li> </ul> <p>Safety also involves being aware of others. Share the road with bicycles and motorcycles, and watch for pedestrians.</p> Safety Issues Seguridad al conducir Automobile Driving Safety Accidents, Traffic prevention & control Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Automobile Safety Car Safety Car Seats Driving Traffic Accidents Vehicle Safety Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American College of Emergency Physicians Learn More Administration for Community Living PDF Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Nemours Foundation Video Journal Articles Learn More National Institute on Aging NIH Learn More National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>Your mouth is one of the most important parts of your body. It has many different functions. It allows you to:</p><ul> <li>Take in food and drink</li> <li>Breathe in air</li> <li>Start digestion, with your teeth chewing the food you eat and your salivary glands releasing saliva to help break down the food</li> <li>Speak and sing</li> <li>Show emotion, by smiling or pouting</li> </ul> <p>Any problem that affects your mouth can make it hard to eat, drink, or even smile. Some common mouth problems include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldsores.html">Cold sores</a> - painful sores on the lips and around the mouth, caused by a virus</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cankersores.html">Canker sores</a> - painful sores in the mouth, caused by bacteria or viruses</li> <li>Thrush - a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html">yeast infection</a> that causes white patches in your mouth </li> <li>Leukoplakia - white patches of excess cell growth on the cheeks, gums or tongue, common in smokers</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html">Dry mouth</a> - a lack of enough saliva, caused by some medicines and certain diseases</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html">Gum</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdisorders.html">tooth problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html">Bad breath</a></li> </ul> <p>Treatment for mouth disorders varies, depending on the problem. If a mouth problem is caused by some other disease, treating that disease can help. It is also important to keep your mouth clean and healthy by brushing, flossing, and not using tobacco.</p> Ear, Nose and Throat Mouth and Teeth Enfermedades de la boca Mouth Diseases Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hmong Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Canker Sores Cold Sores Dental Health Dry Mouth Gum Disease Head and Neck Cancer Oral Cancer Salivary Gland Disorders Speech and Communication Disorders Swallowing Disorders Throat Disorders Tongue Disorders Images VisualDX Images VisualDX Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Images VisualDX Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Find an Expert American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Living With American Cancer Society Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnosis and Tests Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Children American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Specifics American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images VisualDX Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Journal Articles Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Images VisualDX Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Movement disorders are neurologic conditions that cause problems with movement, such as:</p><ul> <li>Increased movement that can be voluntary (intentional) or involuntary (unintended)</li> <li>Decreased or slow voluntary movement</li> </ul> <p>There are many different movement disorders. Some of the more common types include:</p><ul> <li>Ataxia, the loss of muscle coordination</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dystonia.html">Dystonia</a>, in which involuntary contractions of your muscles cause twisting and repetitive movements. The movements can be painful.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/huntingtonsdisease.html">Huntington's disease</a>, an inherited disease that causes nerve cells in certain parts of the brain to waste away. This includes the nerve cells that help to control voluntary movement.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson's disease</a>, which is a disorder that slowly gets worse over time. It causes tremors, slowness of movement, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html">trouble walking</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tourettesyndrome.html">Tourette syndrome</a>, a condition that causes people to make sudden twitches, movements, or sounds (tics)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tremor.html">Tremor</a> and essential tremor, which cause involuntary trembling or shaking movements. The movements may be in one or more parts of your body.</li> </ul> <p>Causes of movement disorders include:</p><ul> <li>Genetics</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html">Infections</a></li> <li>Medicines</li> <li>Damage to the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">brain</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html">spinal cord</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html">peripheral nerves</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html">Metabolic disorders</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Stroke</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html">vascular diseases</a></li> <li>Toxins</li> </ul> <p>Treatment varies by disorder. Medicines can cure some disorders. Others get better when an underlying disease is treated. Often, however, there is no cure. In that case, the goal of treatment is to improve symptoms and relieve pain.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Brain and Nerves Trastornos del movimiento Movement Disorders Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Ataxia Telangiectasia Cerebellar Disorders Dystonia Muscle Disorders Neuromuscular Disorders Parkinson's Disease Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Tourette Syndrome Tremor Walking Problems Ataxia Chorea Dyskinesia Tardive Dyskinesia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues ALS Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Viruela del mono Viruela símica <h3>¿Qué es el mpox?</h3> <p>El mpox (antes conocido como viruela del simio, viruela del mono o viruela símica) es una enfermedad causada por el virus de la viruela símica. Pertenece a la misma familia de virus que el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smallpox.html">virus de la viruela</a>.</p> <p>El virus del mpox se puede transmitir entre animales y personas, pero principalmente se transmite a través del contacto cercano con alguien que lo tiene. Se encuentra regularmente en partes de África central, oriental y occidental. El virus que lo causa se ha encontrado en pequeños roedores, monos y otros mamíferos que viven en estas áreas.</p> <p>Algunos brotes de mpox han afectado a personas en muchos países del mundo, incluyendo los Estados Unidos.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de virus del mpox?</h3> <p>Hay dos tipos de virus del mpox:</p> <ul> <li>El <strong>"clado I"</strong> se encuentra con regularidad en África central y oriental. Causa enfermedades más graves y muertes que el otro tipo</li> <li>El <strong>"clado II"</strong> se encuentra regularmente en África occidental. Las infecciones del clado II son menos graves. La mayoría de las personas que contraen este tipo sobreviven. Este tipo es la causa del brote mundial que alcanzó su punto máximo en 2022 pero que ha seguido disminuyendo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se propaga el mpox?</h3> <p>El mpox se propaga de diferentes maneras:</p> <ul> <li>A través de contacto cercano, personal, a menudo piel con piel con alguien que tiene el virus: <ul> <li>A través del contacto directo con un sarpullido, costras o fluidos corporales</li> <li>Al inhalar el virus durante un prolongado contacto cara a cara </li> <li>Durante un contacto físico íntimo, como besos, caricias, abrazos, masajes o relación sexual</li> </ul> </li> <li>Durante el embarazo, de la persona embarazada al bebé</li> <li>Por tocar artículos (como ropa, ropa de cama o toallas) que usó una persona con el virus. El riesgo de contraer mpox de esta manera es bajo</li> <li>De animales infectados: <ul> <li>Al ser arañado o mordido por un animal</li> <li>Al preparar o comer carne o usar productos de un animal</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Una persona con mpox puede transmitirlo desde el momento en que comienzan los síntomas hasta que la erupción haya sanado por completo, todas las costras se hayan caído y se haya formado una nueva capa de piel. Esto suele tardar de dos a cuatro semanas.</p> <p>Los investigadores han encontrado que algunas personas pueden transmitir el mpox a otras de uno a cuatro días antes que los síntomas aparezcan. No se conoce con cuánta frecuencia sucede esto.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del mpox?</h3> <p>Usualmente, los síntomas del mpox comienzan dentro de 3 semanas después de haber estado expuesto al virus. Estos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Una erupción con llagas que pueden parecer granos o ampollas. Puede aparecer en la cara, dentro de la boca y en otras partes del cuerpo, como las manos, los pies, el pecho, los genitales o el ano. Pasa por diferentes etapas, incluyendo costras, antes de curarse. Esto puede tomar de dos a cuatro semanas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li>Escalofríos</li> <li>Ganglios linfáticos inflamados (glándulas inflamadas)</li> <li>Agotamiento</li> <li>Dolores musculares y de espalda</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li>Ganglios linfáticos inflamados (glándulas inflamadas)</li> <li>Síntomas respiratorios, como dolor de garganta, congestión nasal o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">tos</a></li> </ul> <p>Puede tener todos o solo algunos síntomas:</p> <ul> <li>Es posible que primero tenga un sarpullido, seguido de otros síntomas</li> <li>Es posible que tenga síntomas similares a los de la gripe y luego desarrolle un sarpullido de 1 a 4 días después</li> <li>Es posible que solo tenga un sarpullido</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el mpox?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene mpox, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Le preguntará sobre sus síntomas e historia clínica</li> <li>Examinará su sarpullido</li> <li>Tomará una muestra de tejido de una de las llagas para analizarla en busca del virus de la viruela símica</li> <li>Puede solicitar un análisis de sangre para comprobar si tiene el virus de la viruela símica o si tiene anticuerpos contra el virus. Los anticuerpos son proteínas que su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> produce para combatir sustancias extrañas, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virus</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">bacterias</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el mpox?</h3> <p>No existen tratamientos específicos para el mpox, pero muchas personas mejoran por sí solas.</p> <p>Dado que el mpox y la viruela son similares, los medicamentos antivirales que tratan la viruela también pueden ayudar a tratar el mpox. Se pueden recomendar medicamentos antivirales para las personas con mpox grave o están en riesgo de tener mpox grave, por ejemplo, porque:</p> <ul> <li>Tienen sistemas inmunitarios debilitados debido al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> u otras afecciones</li> <li>Están embarazadas</li> <li>Son niños, especialmente los menores de un año</li> <li>Tienen ciertas afecciones de la piel activas que pueden causar una infección generalizada, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html">eccema</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impetigo.html">impétigo</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html">psoriasis</a></li> </ul> <p>Si tiene mpox, se recomienda que se quede en casa desde el momento en que presente los síntomas hasta que la erupción de mpox se haya curado y se haya formado una nueva capa de piel. Si es posible, es mejor que esté en una habitación separada de los miembros de su familia y las mascotas.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el mpox?</h3> <p>JYNNEOS es una vacuna que puede ayudar a prevenir mpox (y la viruela). La vacuna se administra en dos dosis con cuatro semanas de diferencia. Recibir ambas dosis brinda la mejor protección.</p> <p>La vacuna se recomienda para personas que tienen riesgo de contraer mpox, por ejemplo, porque:</p> <ul> <li>Tuvieron o creen que pueden haber tenido exposición a alguien con mpox</li> <li>Son hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con hombres, personas transgénero o personas de género no binario que en los últimos seis meses tuvieron: <ul> <li>Una o más <a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144">infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)</a></li> <li>Más de una pareja sexual</li> <li>Sexo en un local de sexo comercial (como un club de sexo o un baño público)</li> <li>Sexo en un evento público grande donde personas diseminaron mpox</li> </ul> </li> <li>Tuvieron una pareja sexual que tiene riesgo de contraer mpox</li> <li>Esperan estar en alguna de estas situaciones</li> <li>En en riesgo de exposición en el trabajo, por ejemplo, en un laboratorio o centro de atención médica</li> <li>Viajará a una zona donde hay un brote y, mientras esté ahí, probablemente tendrá relaciones sexuales: <ul> <li>Con una nueva pareja </li><li>En un local de sexo comercial o en un gran evento público </li><li>A cambio de dinero o drogas </li></ul> </li> </ul> <p>Consulte con su profesional de la salud para ver si la vacuna es recomendable para usted.</p> <p>Existen pasos adicionales que puede tomar para ayudar a prevenir el mpox:</p> <ul> <li>Evite el contacto cercano de piel con piel con la erupción del mpox. Por ello, si una persona está enferma de mpox: <ul> <li>No toque su sarpullido o costras</li> <li>No les bese, abrace, no se acueste ni tenga relaciones sexuales con ellas</li> </ul> </li> <li>Evite el contacto con utensilios que hayan sido ocupados por alguien con mpox: <ul> <li>No comparta utensilios para comer ni tazas con ellos</li> <li>No toque la ropa de cama, toallas o ropa de una persona que tenga mpox</li> <li>Si usted o alguien con el que usted vive tiene mpox, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">limpie y desinfecte</a> su hogar</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">Lávese las manos</a> con frecuencia con agua y jabón o use un desinfectante para manos a base de alcohol, especialmente después del contacto con personas enfermas</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Mpox Gérmenes e higiene Infecciones virales Limpieza, sanitización y desinfección Salud del viajero Viruela Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Monkeypox <h3>What is mpox?</h3> <p>Mpox, which used to be called monkeypox, is a disease caused by the monkeypox virus. This virus is in the same family of viruses as the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smallpox.html">smallpox</a> virus.</p> <p>Mpox can be spread between animals and people, but it's mainly spread through close contact with someone who has it. It is found regularly in parts of Central, Eastern and West Africa. The virus that causes it has been found in small rodents, monkeys, and other mammals that live in these areas. </p> <p>Some outbreaks of mpox have affected people in many countries around the world, including the United States.</p> <h3>What are the types of monkeypox viruses?</h3> <p>There are two types of monkeypox viruses:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Clade I</strong> is regularly found in Central and Eastern Africa. It causes more severe illness and deaths than clade II. </li> <li><strong>Clade II</strong> is regularly found in West Africa. Infections from clade II are less severe. Most people who get this type will survive. This type is the cause of the global mpox outbreak that peaked in 2022 but has continued to decrease.</li> </ul> <h3>How does mpox spread?</h3> <p>Mpox spreads in different ways:</p> <ul> <li>Through close, personal contact with someone who has the virus: <ul> <li>Through direct contact with their rash, scabs, or body fluids</li> <li>By breathing in the virus during prolonged, face-to-face contact</li> <li>During intimate physical contact such as kissing, cuddling, hugging, massage or sex</li> </ul> </li> <li>During pregnancy, from the pregnant person to the baby.</li> <li>From touching items (such as clothes, bedding, or towels) that were used by someone who has the virus</li> <li>From infected animals: <ul> <li>By being scratched or bitten by the animal</li> <li>By preparing or eating meat or using products from the animal</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Someone who has mpox can spread it from the time their symptoms start until their rash has fully healed, all scabs have fallen off, and a fresh layer of skin has formed. This usually takes 2-4 weeks.</p> <p>Researchers have found that some people can spread mpox to others from 1 to 4 days before their symptoms appear. It is not known how often this happens.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of mpox?</h3> <p>The symptoms of mpox usually start within 3 weeks from the time you were exposed to the virus. The symptoms may include:</p> <ul> <li>A rash with sores that can look like pimples or blisters. It could be on the face, inside the mouth, and on other parts of the body, like the hands, feet, chest, genitals, or anus. It goes through different stages, including scabs, before healing. This can take 2-4 weeks.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a>.</li> <li>Chills.</li> <li>Swollen lymph nodes ("swollen glands").</li> <li>Exhaustion.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a>.</li> <li>Muscle aches and backache.</li> <li>Respiratory symptoms, such as a sore throat, nasal congestion, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">cough</a>.</li> </ul> <p>You may have all or only a few symptoms:</p> <ul> <li>You may get a rash first, followed by other symptoms</li> <li>You may have flu-like symptoms and then develop a rash 1-4 days later</li> <li>You may only get a rash</li> </ul> <h3>How is mpox diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have mpox, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your symptoms and medical history.</li> <li>Will look at your rash.</li> <li>Will take a sample of tissue from one of the sores so it can be tested for the monkeypox virus.</li> <li>May do blood tests to check for monkeypox virus or for antibodies to the virus. Antibodies are proteins that your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> makes to fight foreign substances such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viruses</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacteria</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for mpox?</h3> <p>There are no treatments specifically for mpox, but many people get better on their own.</p> <p>Since mpox and smallpox are similar, antiviral medicines that treat smallpox may also help treat mpox. Antiviral medicines may be recommended for people have severe mpox or are at risk of severe mpox, for example because they:</p> <ul> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a>, for example from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> or other conditions</li> <li>Are pregnant</li> <li>Are children, especially those under age 1</li> <li>Have certain active skin conditions that can cause widespread infection, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html">eczema</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html">impetigo</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html">psoriasis</a></li> </ul> <p>If you have mpox, it is recommended that you stay home from the time you have symptoms until your mpox rash has healed and a new layer of skin has formed. It would be best to stay in a separate room from your family members and pets if you can.</p> <h3>Can mpox be prevented?</h3> <p>JYNNEOS is a vaccine that can help prevent mpox (and smallpox). The vaccine is given in two doses 4 weeks apart. Getting both doses gives the best protection.</p> <p>The vaccine is recommended for people who are at risk of mpox, for example because they:</p> <ul> <li>Had or think they could've had exposure to someone with mpox</li> <li>Are a man who has sex with men, a transgender person, or a gender non-binary person who in the last 6 months had: <ul> <li>One or more <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs)</li> <li>More than one sexual partner</li> <li>Sex at a commercial sex venue (like a sex club or bathhouse)</li> <li>Sex at a large public event where people had spread mpox</li> </ul> </li> <li>Had a sex partner who is at risk of mpox</li> <li>Expect to be in any of these situations</li> <li>Are at risk of exposure at work, for example at a lab or healthcare facility</li> <li>Will be traveling to an area where there is an outbreak and, while there, will likely have sex: <ul> <li>With a new partner</li> <li>At a commercial sex venue or large public event</li> <li>In exchange for money or drugs</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Check with your provider to see if the vaccine is recommended for you.</p> <p>There are also other steps you can take to help prevent mpox:</p> <ul> <li>Avoid close, skin-to-skin contact with the mpox rash. So, while a person is sick with mpox: <ul> <li>Do not touch their rash or scabs</li> <li>Do not kiss, hug, cuddle, or have sex with them</li> </ul> </li> <li>Avoid contact with items that were used by someone who has mpox: <ul> <li>Do not touch the bedding, towels, or clothing of a person who has mpox</li> <li>Do not share eating utensils or cups with them</li> <li>If you or someone you live with has mpox, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">clean and disinfect</a> your home</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">Wash your hands</a> often with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, especially after contact with sick people.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Mpox Mpox (monkeypox) Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Dari Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Italian Japanese Khmer Korean Pashto Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Sanitizing Germs and Hygiene Smallpox Traveler's Health Viral Infections Monkeypox Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here World Health Organization Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Start Here World Health Organization Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Magnetic resonance imaging NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance <p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a large magnet and radio waves to look at organs and structures inside your body. Health care professionals use MRI scans to diagnose a variety of conditions, from torn ligaments to tumors. MRIs are very useful for examining the brain and spinal cord. </p> <p>During the scan, you lie on a table that slides inside a tunnel-shaped machine. Doing the scan can take a long time, and you must stay still. The scan is painless. The MRI machine makes a lot of noise. The technician may offer you earplugs.</p> <p>Before you get a scan, tell your doctor if you :</p><ul> <li>Are pregnant </li> <li>Have pieces of metal in your body. You might have metal in your body if you have a shrapnel or bullet injury or if you are a welder.</li> <li>Have metal or electronic devices in your body, such as a cardiac pacemaker or a metal artificial joint</li> </ul> Diagnostic Tests Imágenes por resonancia magnética Magnetic Resonance Imaging Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Diagnostic Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Statistics and Research National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Videos and Tutorials Nemours Foundation Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Children American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF In English and Spanish Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Children Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Journal Articles Find an Expert Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Reference Desk Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Videos and Tutorials Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus <p>MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It causes a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/staphylococcalinfections.html">staph infection</a> (pronounced "staff infection") that is resistant to several common <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>. There are two types of infection. Hospital-associated MRSA happens to people in health care settings. Community-associated MRSA happens to people who have close skin-to-skin contact with others, such as athletes involved in football and wrestling.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html">Infection control</a> is key to stopping MRSA in hospitals. To prevent community-associated MRSA:</p><ul> <li>Practice good hygiene</li> <li>Keep cuts and scrapes clean and covered with a bandage until healed</li> <li>Avoid contact with other people's wounds or bandages</li> <li>Avoid sharing personal items, such as towels, washcloths, razors, or clothes</li> <li>Wash soiled sheets, towels, and clothes in hot water with bleach and dry in a hot dryer</li> </ul> <p>If a wound appears to be infected, see a health care provider. Treatments may include draining the infection and antibiotics.</p> Infections Infecciones por estafilococo resistente a la meticilina Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotics Infection Control Staphylococcal Infections Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Related Issues VisualDX Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here VisualDX Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Plasma-cell myeloma <p>Multiple myeloma is a cancer that begins in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. These cells are part of your immune system, which helps protect the body from germs and other harmful substances. In time, myeloma cells collect in the bone marrow and in the solid parts of bones.</p> <p>No one knows the exact causes of multiple myeloma, but it is more common in older people and African Americans. It can run in families. Common symptoms may include:</p><ul> <li>Bone pain, often in the back or ribs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">Fractures</a> (broken bones)</li> <li>Weakness or fatigue</li> <li>Weight loss</li> <li>Frequent infections and fevers</li> <li>Feeling very thirsty</li> <li>Frequent urination</li> </ul> <p>Doctors diagnose multiple myeloma using lab tests, imaging tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Your treatment depends on how advanced the disease is and whether you have symptoms. If you have no symptoms, you may not need treatment right away. If you have symptoms, you may have chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, radiation, or targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Immune System Mieloma múltiple Multiple Myeloma Spanish National Cancer Institute Bone Marrow Diseases Bone Marrow Transplantation Lymphoma Plasma-cell Myeloma Plasmacytoma Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Related Issues Johns Hopkins Medicine Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here International Myeloma Foundation PDF Start Here Leukemia & Lymphoma Society PDF Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Cancer Society Related Issues American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation Diagnosis and Tests International Myeloma Foundation PDF Related Issues American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society MS <p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">nervous system disease</a> that affects your brain and spinal cord. It damages the myelin sheath, the material that surrounds and protects your nerve cells. This damage slows down or blocks messages between your brain and your body, leading to the symptoms of MS. They can include:</p><ul> <li>Visual disturbances</li> <li>Muscle weakness</li> <li>Trouble with coordination and balance</li> <li>Sensations such as numbness, prickling, or "pins and needles" </li> <li>Thinking and memory problems</li> </ul> <p>No one knows what causes MS. It may be an autoimmune disease, which happens when your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake. Multiple sclerosis affects women more than men. It often begins between the ages of 20 and 40. Usually, the disease is mild, but some people lose the ability to write, speak, or walk.</p> <p>There is no specific test for MS. Doctors use a medical history, physical exam, neurological exam, MRI, and other tests to diagnose it. There is no cure for MS, but medicines may slow it down and help control symptoms. Physical and occupational therapy may also help.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Brain and Nerves Esclerosis múltiple Multiple Sclerosis Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke MS Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Neurology PDF Living With National Multiple Sclerosis Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Multiple Sclerosis Society Living With National Multiple Sclerosis Society Living With ALS Association Related Issues American Academy of Neurology PDF Living With National Multiple Sclerosis Society Women National Multiple Sclerosis Society Living With National Multiple Sclerosis Society Related Issues National Multiple Sclerosis Society PDF Related Issues National Multiple Sclerosis Society PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Multiple Sclerosis Society Related Issues National Multiple Sclerosis Society PDF Living With National Multiple Sclerosis Society Related Issues National Multiple Sclerosis Society Living With National Institutes of Health NIH Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Multiple Sclerosis Society Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Multiple Sclerosis Society Specifics National Multiple Sclerosis Society Journal Articles Living With National Multiple Sclerosis Society Specifics National Multiple Sclerosis Society Video Statistics and Research National Multiple Sclerosis Society Living With National Multiple Sclerosis Society Video Specifics National Multiple Sclerosis Society Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Living With National Multiple Sclerosis Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Multiple Sclerosis Society Statistics and Research Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH <p>Mumps is an illness caused by the mumps virus. It starts with:</p><ul> <li>Fever</li> <li>Headache</li> <li>Muscle aches</li> <li>Tiredness</li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> </ul> <p>After that, the salivary glands under the ears or jaw become swollen and tender. The swelling can be on one or both sides of the face. Symptoms last 7 to 10 days. Serious complications are rare.</p> <p>You can catch mumps by being with another person who has it. There is no treatment for mumps, but the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine can prevent it.</p> <p>Before the routine vaccination program in the United States, mumps was a common illness in infants, children and young adults. Now it is a rare disease in the U.S.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention </p> Children and Teenagers Infections Paperas Mumps Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Indonesian Italian Japanese Khmer Korean Marshallese Pashto Polish Portuguese Punjabi Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Childhood Vaccines Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Charley horse <h3>What are muscle cramps?</h3> <p>Muscle cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions or spasms in one or more of your muscles. They are very common and often occur after exercise. Some people get muscle cramps, especially leg cramps, at night. They can be painful, and they may last a few seconds to several minutes.</p> <p>You can have a cramp in any muscle, but they happen most often in the:</p><ul> <li>Thighs</li> <li>Feet</li> <li>Hands</li> <li>Arms</li> <li>Abdomen</li> <li>Area along your ribcage</li> </ul> <h3>What causes muscle cramps?</h3> <p>Causes of muscle cramps include:</p><ul> <li>Straining or overusing a muscle. This is the most common cause.</li> <li>Compression of your nerves, from problems such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html">spinal cord injury</a> or a pinched nerve in the neck or back</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">Dehydration</a></li> <li>Low levels of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">electrolytes</a> such as magnesium, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html">potassium</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a></li> <li>Not enough blood getting to your muscles</li> <li>Pregnancy</li> <li>Certain medicines</li> <li>Getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">dialysis</a></li> </ul> <p>Sometimes the cause of muscle cramps is unknown.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for muscle cramps?</h3> <p>Anyone can get muscle cramps, but they are more common in some people:</p><ul> <li>Older adults</li> <li>People who are overweight</li> <li>Athletes</li> <li>Pregnant women</li> <li>People with certain medical conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">thyroid</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">nerve</a> disorders</li> </ul> <h3>When do I need to see a health care provider for muscle cramps?</h3> <p>Muscle cramps are usually harmless, and they go away after a few minutes. But you should contact your health care provider if the cramps:</p><ul> <li>Are severe</li> <li>Happen frequently</li> <li>Don't get better with stretching and drinking enough fluids</li> <li>Last a long time</li> <li>Are accompanied by swelling, redness, or a feeling of warmth</li> <li>Are accompanied by muscle weakness</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for muscle cramps?</h3> <p>You usually don't need treatment for muscle cramps. You may be able to find some relief from cramps by:</p><ul> <li>Stretching or gently massaging the muscle</li> <li>Applying heat when the muscle is tight and ice when the muscle is sore</li> <li>Getting more fluids if you are dehydrated</li> </ul> <p>If another medical problem is causing the cramps, treating that problem will likely help. There are medicines that providers sometimes prescribe to prevent cramps, but they are not always effective and may cause side effects. Talk to your provider about the risks and benefits of medicines.</p> <h3>Can muscle cramps be prevented?</h3> <p>To prevent muscle cramps, you can:</p><ul> <li><strong>Stretch your muscles,</strong> especially before exercising. If you often get leg cramps at night, stretch your leg muscles before bed.</li> <li><strong>Drink plenty of liquids.</strong> If you do intense exercise or exercise in the heat, sports drinks can help you replace electrolytes.</li> </ul> Bones, Joints and Muscles Calambre muscular Muscle Cramp Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Dystonia Muscle Disorders Sports Injuries Charley Horse Cramps Leg Cramps Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Osteopathic Association Related Issues VisualDX Women Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Children Nemours Foundation Myopathy <p>Your muscles help you move and help your body work. Different types of muscles have different jobs. There are many problems that can affect muscles. Muscle disorders can cause weakness, pain or even paralysis. </p> <p>Causes of muscle disorders include:</p><ul> <li>Injury or overuse, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">sprains or strains</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musclecramps.html">cramps</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html">tendinitis </a></li> <li>A genetic disorder, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html">muscular dystrophy</a></li> <li>Some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/softtissuesarcoma.html">cancers</a></li> <li>Inflammation, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/myositis.html">myositis</a></li> <li>Diseases of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuromusculardisorders.html">nerves</a> that affect muscles</li> <li>Infections</li> <li>Certain medicines</li> </ul> <p>Sometimes the cause of muscle disorders is unknown.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Enfermedades musculares Muscular Diseases Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Fibromyalgia Movement Disorders Multiple Sclerosis Muscle Cramps Muscular Dystrophy Myasthenia Gravis Myositis Neuromuscular Disorders Soft Tissue Sarcoma Sprains and Strains Tendinitis Myopathies Rhabdomyolysis Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation MD <h3>What is muscular dystrophy (MD)?</h3> <p>Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of more than 30 <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic diseases</a>. They cause weakness of the muscles. Over time, the weakness gets worse and can cause trouble <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html">walking</a> and doing daily activities. Some types of MD can also affect other organs.</p> <h3>What are the types of muscular dystrophy (MD)?</h3> <p>There are many different types of MD. Some of the more common types include:</p> <ul> <li>Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is the most common childhood form. It is severe and affects boys more often than girls. The symptoms usually start between ages 3 and 6.</li> <li>Becker muscular dystrophy, which is similar to Duchenne but is less severe and gets worse more slowly. It often starts in the teenage years.</li> <li>Congenital muscular dystrophies, which are present at birth or before age 2. They can be mild or severe.</li> <li>Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, which often starts in the teenage years. At first, it affects the muscles of the face, shoulders, and upper arms.</li> </ul> <p>Each of the types of MD can be different in many ways, such as:</p> <ul> <li>Who is more likely to get them</li> <li>Which muscles they affect</li> <li>When they appear, such as in infancy, childhood, middle age, or later</li> <li>What the symptoms are</li> <li>How serious the symptoms are</li> <li>How quickly they get worse</li> <li>Whether they run in families</li> <li>Whether they affect other organs</li> </ul> <p>Even within the same type of MD, people can have different symptoms.</p> <h3>What causes muscular dystrophy (MD)?</h3> <p>MD is genetic, meaning that it caused by a change in one or more genes. Gene changes are also called gene variants or mutations. The gene changes in MD affect proteins that strengthen and protect muscles.</p> <p>There are different gene changes that cause each type of MD. And sometimes people who have the same type of MD can have different gene changes.</p> <p>Muscular dystrophy can run in families, or you can be the first in your family to have a muscular dystrophy.</p> <h3>How is muscular dystrophy (MD) diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you or your child has MD, your health care provider may use:</p> <ul> <li>A medical and family history</li> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>Blood and urine tests, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">genetic tests</a> and tests for certain enzymes that may be released by damaged muscles</li> <li>Muscle <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsies</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">Electromyography and nerve conduction studies</a> to find out if muscles are responding the right way to nerve signals</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">Heart testing</a>, such as an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/">electrocardiogram</a> (EKG), since some types of MD can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart problems</a></li> <li>Exercise tests to measure muscle strength and breathing and detect any increased rates of certain chemicals following exercise</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Imaging tests</a> such as an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a> to look at muscle quality and bulk and measure fatty replacement of muscle tissue</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for muscular dystrophy (MD)?</h3> <p>There is no cure for muscular dystrophy. Treatment can help with the symptoms and prevent complications. It usually includes a combination of therapies, such as:</p> <ul> <li>Physical therapy to help keep muscles flexible and strong</li> <li>Occupational therapy to relearn lost motor skills and learn ways to work around weakened muscles</li> <li>Respiratory care, such as breathing exercises, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">oxygen therapy</a>, and ventilators</li> <li>Speech therapy to help with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">speech</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">swallowing</a> problems</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html">Assistive devices</a>, such as wheelchairs, splints and braces, and walkers</li> <li>Medicines to help delay damage to muscles or minimize the symptoms of MD</li> <li>Surgery to treat some of the conditions associated with MD, such as heart problems, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html">scoliosis</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html">cataracts</a></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Genetics/Birth Defects Distrofia muscular Muscular Dystrophies Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Muscular Dystrophy Association Specifics Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Parent Project for Muscular Dystrophy Research Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Parent Project for Muscular Dystrophy Research PDF Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Muscular Dystrophy Association PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Muscular Dystrophy Association PDF In English and Spanish Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Parent Project for Muscular Dystrophy Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Muscular Dystrophy Association Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Parent Project for Muscular Dystrophy Research Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Nemours Foundation Living With Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Muscular Dystrophy Association Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With FacioScapuloHumeral Muscular Dystrophy Society PDF Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Parent Project for Muscular Dystrophy Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH CFS Chronic fatigue syndrome ME/CFS Myalgic encephalomyelitis SEID Systemic exertion intolerance disease <h3>What is myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)?</h3> <p>Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a serious, long-term illness that affects many body systems. Another name for it is chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). ME/CFS can often make you unable to do your usual activities. Sometimes you may not even be able to get out of bed.</p> <h3>What causes myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)?</h3> <p>Researchers don't yet know what causes ME/CFS. There may be more than one potential cause. It is also possible that two or more triggers might work together to cause the illness.</p> <p>Researchers are studying many possible causes, including:</p> <ul> <li>Infections</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">Immune system</a> changes</li> <li>Physical or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">emotional</a> stress</li> <li>Changes in the way cells in the body get their energy</li> <li>Genetics; the illness can sometimes run in families</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)?</h3> <p>Anyone can get ME/CFS, but it is most common in people between 40 and 60 years old. Adult women are more likely to develop it than adult men.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)?</h3> <p>The primary, or core, symptoms of ME/CFS are:</p> <ul> <li>Not being able to do activities that you used to do before the illness, along with severe fatigue. The fatigue must last six months or longer, and it is not improved by rest.</li> <li>Post-exertional malaise (PEM), which means that your symptoms get worse after any physical or mental activity.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">Sleep problems</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Along with the primary symptoms, to be diagnosed with ME/CFS, you need to have one or both of these symptoms:</p> <ul> <li>Problems with thinking and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html">memory</a>.</li> <li>Worsening of symptoms while standing or sitting upright. This is called orthostatic intolerance. It can cause you to feel lightheaded, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">dizzy</a>, weak, or faint while standing or sitting up.</li> </ul> <p>Some of the other symptoms that ME/CFS can cause include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">Pain</a>, including muscle pain, joint pain, and headaches</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html">Sore throat</a></li> <li>Tender lymph nodes (glands) in the neck or armpits</li> <li>Digestive issues, like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html">irritable bowel syndrome</a></li> <li>Chills and night sweats</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">Allergies</a> and sensitivities to foods, odors, chemicals, light, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/noise.html">noise</a></li> </ul> <p>ME/CFS can be unpredictable. Your symptoms may come and go. They may change over time; sometimes they might get better, and other times they may get worse.</p> <h3>How is myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) diagnosed?</h3> <p>ME/CFS can be difficult to diagnose. There is no specific test for ME/CFS, and other illnesses can cause similar symptoms. Your health care provider has to rule out other diseases before making a diagnosis of ME/CFS.</p> <p>Your provider will do a thorough medical exam, which will include:</p> <ul> <li>Asking about your medical history and your family's medical history.</li> <li>Asking about your current illness, including your symptoms. Some questions they may ask could include how often you have symptoms, how bad they are, how long they have lasted, and how they affect your life.</li> <li>Thorough physical and mental status exams.</li> <li>Blood, urine, or other tests to check for other illnesses which could be causing your symptoms.</li> </ul> <p>Your provider may also ask you to see a specialist to check for other conditions which can cause similar symptoms.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)?</h3> <p>There is no cure or approved treatment for ME/CFS, but you may be able to treat or manage some of your symptoms.</p> <p>You, your family, and your provider should work together to decide on a plan. You should figure out which symptom causes you the most problems and try to treat that first. For example, if sleep problems affect you the most, you might first try using <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">good sleep habits</a>. If those do not help, you may need to take medicines or see a sleep specialist.</p> <p>Strategies such as learning new ways to manage activity can also be helpful. You need to make sure that you do not "push and crash." This can happen when you feel better, do too much, and then get worse again.</p> <p>When you have ME/CFS, it can be hard to help develop a treatment plan. It can also be difficult to try to take care of yourself. So it's important that you have support from family members and friends.</p> <p>There are also various resources and strategies that might be helpful to you, such as:</p> <ul> <li>Getting counseling to help you cope with the illness and its impact on your life.</li> <li>Eating a healthy diet.</li> <li>Nutritional supplements, if your provider suggests them.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">Complementary therapies</a> such as meditation, gentle massage, or relaxation therapy.</li> </ul> <p>Make sure to talk to your provider before you try any new treatments. Some treatments that are promoted as cures for ME/CFS are unproven, often costly, and could be dangerous.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Infections Encefalomielitis miálgica/Síndrome de fatiga crónica Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Fatigue CFS Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <h3>What is myasthenia gravis?</h3> <p>Myasthenia gravis, sometimes called MG, is a chronic (long-lasting) disease that causes weakness in your voluntary muscles. The voluntary muscles are the ones that you can control. They include the muscles you use for:</p> <ul> <li>Eye and eyelid movement</li> <li>Facial expressions</li> <li>Chewing</li> <li>Talking</li> <li>Swallowing</li> <li>Breathing</li> <li>Moving your arms and legs</li> </ul> <p>You can also have weakness in other muscles. This weakness gets worse with activity, and better with rest.</p> <p>Myasthenia gravis is a type of autoimmune disease. In <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune diseases</a>, your immune system attacks the healthy cells of your organs and tissues by mistake.</p> <h3>What causes myasthenia gravis?</h3> <p>Myasthenia gravis is caused by an error in how nerve signals are sent to muscles. These signals get blocked at the nerve-muscle junction. This junction is the place where the nerve endings connect with the muscles they control.</p> <p>Normally, this is how the signals work:</p> <ul> <li>The signals travel down a nerve that controls movement in the muscle</li> <li>The nerve endings release a substance called acetylcholine</li> <li>Acetylcholine binds to the muscle tissue at the nerve-muscle junction</li> <li>This causes the muscle to contract (move)</li> </ul> <p>But in someone with myasthenia gravis, the body's own immune system makes antibodies that block the binding of acetylcholine to the muscle. This makes the muscles weaker.</p> <p>The thymus gland, which is part of your immune system, may play a role in myasthenia gravis. Normally, your thymus gland is active and growing when you are a child. It makes white blood cells to fight infections. At puberty, it starts getting smaller and is replaced by fat. It is usually small by the time you are an adult. But in many adults with myasthenia gravis, the thymus gland stays large. And some people with myasthenia gravis can get thymomas, which are tumors of the thymus. The are usually <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html">benign</a> (not cancer), but they can sometimes become <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thymuscancer.html">cancerous</a>.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop myasthenia gravis?</h3> <p>Although myasthenia gravis can affect people of any age, it is most common in young adult women (under age 40) and older men (over age 60). It is usually not inherited (passed down in families).</p> <p>Myasthenia gravis normally does not affect infants. But it's possible for pregnant people who have myasthenia gravis to pass the antibodies to their unborn babies. The baby can then be born with neonatal myasthenia. This condition is usually temporary, and the symptoms typically go away within two to three months after birth.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of myasthenia gravis?</h3> <p>The symptoms of myasthenia gravis will depend on which muscles are affected. The symptoms often include:</p> <ul> <li>Weakness of the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyemovementdisorders.html">eye muscles</a></li> <li>Drooping of one or both eyelids</li> <li>Blurred or double vision</li> <li>Changes in facial expressions</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">Trouble swallowing</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">Speech problems</a></li> <li>Weakness in the arms, hands, fingers, legs, and neck</li> </ul> <p>Different people have different levels of muscle weakness. And the weakness can vary from day to day. Some days it might be mild, and other days it might be worse. Physical activity often makes the muscle weakness worse.</p> <p>Some people with myasthenia gravis can get severe weakness that affects the muscles that control breathing. This is called a myasthenic crisis, and it is a life-threatening emergency.</p> <h3>How is myasthenia gravis diagnosed?</h3> <p>There are many other conditions that can cause muscle weakness, so myasthenia gravis can be hard to diagnose. To find out if you have myasthenia gravis, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your medical history and symptoms</li> <li>Will do a physical exam, including a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/">neurological exam</a></li> <li>Will likely order <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/myasthenia-gravis-tests/">tests for myasthenia gravis</a>, including: <ul> <li>Blood tests</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Imaging tests</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for myasthenia gravis?</h3> <p>There is no cure for myasthenia gravis, but treatments that can improve muscle weakness and help with symptoms. They include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Anticholinesterase medicines,</strong> which can improve nerve-to-muscle messages and make muscles stronger.</li> <li><strong>Immunosuppressive medicines,</strong> which are medicines that decrease your body's immune system responses. They can lower your body's production of abnormal antibodies. </li><li><strong>Monoclonal antibodies,</strong> which can also help decrease your body's immune system responses.</li> <li><strong>Plasmapheresis (plasma exchange) and intravenous immunoglobulin,</strong> which are procedures to remove abnormal antibodies from your blood. They are usually used in severe cases. They can help with symptoms for a few weeks or months.</li> <li><strong>Thymectomy,</strong> surgery to remove the thymus gland. It can reduce the symptoms of myasthenia gravis, possibly by rebalancing the immune system.</li> </ul> <p>Lifestyle changes may be helpful for some people. The changes could include regular gentle exercise, getting enough rest, and eating healthy foods.</p> <p>Some people with myasthenia gravis go into remission. This means that they do not have symptoms. The remission is usually temporary, but sometimes it can be permanent.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Miastenia grave Myasthenia Gravis Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Muscle Disorders Neuromuscular Disorders Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Related Issues Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Office of Disability Employment Policy Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Muscular Dystrophy Association Find an Expert Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Muscular Dystrophy Association PDF <p>Mycobacteria are a type of germ. There are many different kinds. The most common one causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tuberculosis.html">tuberculosis</a>. Another one causes leprosy. Still others cause infections that are called atypical mycobacterial infections. They aren't "typical" because they don't cause tuberculosis. But they can still harm people, especially people with other problems that affect their immunity, such as AIDS.</p> <p>Sometimes you can have these infections with no symptoms at all. At other times, they can cause lung symptoms similar to tuberculosis:</p> <ul> <li>Cough</li> <li>Weight loss</li> <li>Coughing up blood or mucus</li> <li>Weakness or fatigue</li> <li>Fever and chills</li> <li>Night sweats</li> <li>Lack of appetite and weight loss</li> </ul> <p>Medicines can treat these infections, but often more than one is needed to cure the infection.</p> Infections Infecciones por micobacterias Mycobacterium Infections Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous Leprosy Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Tuberculosis Hansen's Disease Leprosy Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Lung Association Specifics World Health Organization Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Lung Association Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Health Resources and Services Administration Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Start Here National Jewish Health Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms American Lung Association MDS <p>Your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html">bone marrow</a> is the spongy tissue inside some of your bones, such as your hip and thigh bones. It contains immature cells, called stem cells. The stem cells can develop into the red blood cells that carry oxygen through your body, the white blood cells that fight infections, and the platelets that help with blood clotting. If you have a myelodysplastic syndrome, the stem cells do not mature into healthy blood cells. Many of them die in the bone marrow. This means that you do not have enough healthy cells, which can lead to infection, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>, or easy bleeding.</p> <p>Myelodysplastic syndromes often do not cause early symptoms and are sometimes found during a routine blood test. If you have symptoms, they may include:</p><ul> <li>Shortness of breath</li> <li>Weakness or feeling tired</li> <li>Skin that is paler than usual</li> <li>Easy bruising or bleeding</li> <li>Pinpoint spots under the skin caused by bleeding</li> <li>Fever or frequent infections</li> </ul> <p>Myelodysplastic syndromes are rare. People at higher risk are over 60, have had chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or have been exposed to certain chemicals. Treatment options include transfusions, drug therapy, chemotherapy, and blood or bone marrow stem cell transplants.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Immune System Síndromes mielodisplásicos Myelodysplastic Syndromes Spanish National Cancer Institute Bone Marrow Diseases MDS Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Marrow Donor Program Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Related Issues American Cancer Society Specifics American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society <p>Myositis means inflammation of the muscles that you use to move your body. An injury, infection, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune disease</a> can cause it. Two specific kinds are polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Polymyositis causes muscle weakness, usually in the muscles closest to the trunk of your body. Dermatomyositis causes muscle weakness, plus a skin rash.</p> <p>Other symptoms of myositis may include:</p><ul> <li>Fatigue after walking or standing</li> <li>Tripping or falling</li> <li>Trouble swallowing or breathing</li> </ul> <p>Doctors may use a physical exam, lab tests, imaging tests and a muscle biopsy to diagnose myositis. There is no cure for these diseases, but you can treat the symptoms. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are first treated with high doses of a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">corticosteroid</a>. Other options include medications, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy, assistive devices, and rest.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Miositis Myositis Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Muscle Disorders Dermatomyositis Polymyositis Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Children American College of Rheumatology Diagnosis and Tests Muscular Dystrophy Association Symptoms Muscular Dystrophy Association Treatments and Therapies Muscular Dystrophy Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests Muscular Dystrophy Association Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Children Nemours Foundation Start Here American College of Rheumatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Muscular Dystrophy Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Muscular Dystrophy Association Journal Articles <p>Your toenails and fingernails protect the tissues of your toes and fingers. They are made up of layers of a hardened protein called keratin, which is also in your hair and skin. The health of your nails can be a clue to your overall health. Healthy nails are usually smooth and consistent in color. Specific types of nail discoloration and changes in growth rate can be signs of lung, heart, kidney, and liver diseases, as well as diabetes and anemia. White spots and vertical ridges are harmless.</p> <p>Nail problems that sometimes require treatment include:</p><ul> <li>Bacterial and fungal infections</li> <li>Ingrown nails</li> <li>Tumors</li> <li>Warts</li> </ul> <p>Keeping your nails clean, dry, and trimmed can help you avoid some problems. Do not remove the cuticle, which can cause infection.</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Enfermedades de las uñas Nail Diseases Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Fingernails Ingrown Nail Onychomycosis Paronychia Toenails Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Academy of Dermatology Images VisualDX Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American Academy of Dermatology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues American Academy of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images VisualDX Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Images VisualDX Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Podiatric Medical Association PDF Journal Articles Test Your Knowledge Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Dermatology Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Dermatology Video Specifics American Podiatric Medical Association Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Children Nemours Foundation Cancer of the nasal cavity Cancer of the paranasal sinus <p>Your paranasal sinuses are small hollow spaces around the nose. They are lined with cells that make mucus, which keeps your nose from drying out. The nasal cavity is the passageway just behind your nose. Air passes through it on the way to your throat as you breathe.</p> <p>Cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is rare. You are at greater risk if you are:</p><ul> <li>Male and over 40 years old</li> <li>Exposed to certain workplace chemicals</li> <li>Infected with HPV</li> <li>A smoker</li> </ul> <p>There may be no symptoms at first, and later symptoms can be like those of infections. Doctors diagnose nasal cancer with imaging tests, lighted tube-like instruments that look inside the nose, and biopsies. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Ear, Nose and Throat Cáncer nasal Nose Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Nose Injuries and Disorders Paranasal Sinus Cancer Sinus Cancer Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Rhinologic Society Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society <p>Every racial or ethnic group has specific health concerns. Differences in the health of groups can result from:</p> <ul> <li>Genetics</li> <li>Environmental factors</li> <li>Access to care</li> <li>Cultural factors</li> </ul> <p>On this page, you'll find links to health issues that affect Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders.</p> Population Groups Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Hawaii ethnology National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Asian American Health Pacific Islander Health Find an Expert Asian & Pacific Islander American Health Forum Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Statistics and Research Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation PDF Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Specifics Asian Liver Center at Stanford University PDF Find an Expert National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Journal Articles Statistics and Research Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health Emesis <h3>What are nausea and vomiting?</h3> <p>Nausea is when you feel sick to your stomach, as if you are going to throw up. Vomiting is when you throw up.</p> <h3>What causes nausea and vomiting?</h3> <p>Nausea and vomiting can be symptoms of many different conditions, including:</p><ul> <li>Morning sickness during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html">Gastroenteritis</a> (infection of your intestines) and other infections</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html">Migraines</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/motionsickness.html">Motion sickness</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">Food poisoning</a></li> <li>Medicines, including those for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">cancer chemotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">GERD</a> (reflux) and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html">ulcers</a></li> <li>Intestinal obstruction</li> </ul> <h3>When do I need to see a health care provider for nausea and vomiting?</h3> <p>Nausea and vomiting are common. They are usually not serious. However, you should contact your health care provider immediately if you have:</p><ul> <li>A reason to think that your vomiting is from poisoning</li> <li>Vomited for longer than 24 hours</li> <li>Blood in the vomit</li> <li>Severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">abdominal pain</a></li> <li>Severe headache and stiff neck</li> <li>Signs of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydration</a>, such as dry mouth, infrequent urination or dark urine</li> </ul> <h3>How is the cause of nausea and vomiting diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider will take your medical history, ask about your symptoms and do a physical exam. The provider will look for signs of dehydration. You may have some tests, including blood and urine tests. Women may also have a pregnancy test.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for nausea and vomiting?</h3> <p>Treatments for nausea and vomiting depend on the cause. You may get treatment for the underlying problem. There are some medicines that can treatment nausea and vomiting. For severe cases of vomiting, you may need extra fluids through an IV (intravenous).</p> <p>There are things that you can do to feel better:</p><ul> <li>Get enough fluids, to avoid dehydration. If you are having trouble keeping liquids down, drink small amounts of clear liquids often.</li> <li>Eat bland foods; stay away from spicy, fatty, or salty foods</li> <li>Eat smaller meals more often</li> <li>Avoid strong smells, since they can sometimes trigger nausea and vomiting</li> <li>If you are pregnant and have morning sickness, eat crackers before you get out of bed in the morning</li> </ul> Digestive System Symptoms Náusea y vómitos Vomiting Nausea Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Digestive Diseases Vomiting Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Children American Academy of Pediatrics Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children American Academy of Pediatrics Women American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here American College of Gastroenterology Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Family Physicians Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Any part of your neck - muscles, bones, joints, tendons, ligaments, or nerves - can cause neck problems. Neck pain is very common. Pain may also come from your shoulder, jaw, head, or upper arms. </p> <p>Muscle strain or tension often causes neck pain. The problem is usually overuse, such as from sitting at a computer for too long. Sometimes you can strain your neck muscles from sleeping in an awkward position or overdoing it during exercise. Falls or accidents, including car accidents, are another common cause of neck pain. Whiplash, a soft tissue injury to the neck, is also called neck sprain or strain.</p> <p>Treatment depends on the cause, but may include applying ice, taking pain relievers, getting physical therapy or wearing a cervical collar. You rarely need surgery.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades del cuello Neck Pain Neck Injuries Cervical Vertebrae Spanish Head and Neck Cancer Spine Injuries and Disorders Cervical Spine Whiplash Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With North American Spine Society PDF Treatments and Therapies North American Spine Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics North American Spine Society Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies North American Spine Society Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Children American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics North American Spine Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American College of Rheumatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Symptoms American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics North American Spine Society Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Pulmonía <h3>¿Qué es la neumonía?</h3> <p>La neumonía es una infección en uno o ambos pulmones. Causa que los alvéolos pulmonares se llenen de líquido o pus. Puede variar de leve a grave, dependiendo de la causa de la infección, su edad y su estado general de salud.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la neumonía?</h3> <p>Las infecciones <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">bacterianas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virales</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html">fúngicas </a> pueden causar neumonía.</p> <p>Las bacterias son la causa más común. La neumonía bacteriana puede ocurrir por sí sola. También puede desarrollarse después de haber tenido ciertas infecciones virales, como resfríos o gripe. Varios tipos diferentes de bacterias pueden causar neumonía, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumococcalinfections.html">Streotococcus pneumoniae</a></li> <li>Legionella pneumophila: Este tipo de neumonía a menudo se llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/legionnairesdisease.html">enfermedad del legionario</a></li> <li>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</li> <li>Chlamydia pneumoniae</li> <li><a href="../spanish/haemophilusinfections.html" tid="5969">Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (hib)</a></li> </ul> <p>Los virus que infectan las vías respiratorias pueden causar neumonía. A menudo, la neumonía viral es leve y desaparece por sí sola en pocas semanas. Pero en ocasiones es lo suficientemente grave como para necesitar tratamiento en un hospital. Si tiene neumonía viral, corre el riesgo de contraer también neumonía bacteriana. Los diferentes virus que pueden causar neumonía incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html">Virus respiratorio sincitial</a></li> <li>Algunos virus del resfrío común y la gripe</li> <li>SARS-CoV-2, el virus que causa <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a></li> </ul> <p>La neumonía fúngica es más común en personas con problemas de salud crónicos o sistemas inmunitarios debilitados. Algunos de los tipos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumocystisinfections.html">Neumonía por Pneumocystis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/valleyfever.html">Fiebre del valle</a> (coccidioidomicosis)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/histoplasmosis.html">Histoplasmosis</a></li> <li>Neumonía criptocócica</li> </ul> <p>La aspiración también puede causar neumonía. Puede ocurrir cuando aspira (inhala accidentalmente) alimentos o líquidos hacia los pulmones. Si no puede expulsar la comida o el líquido, puede causar una infección.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener neumonía?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener neumonía, pero ciertos factores pueden aumentar su riesgo:</p> <ul> <li>Su edad: El riesgo es mayor para los niños menores de 2 años y los adultos mayores de 65 años</li> <li>Exposición a ciertos químicos, contaminantes o humos tóxicos</li> <li>Estilo de vida: Como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">fumar</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">consumo excesivo de alcohol</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html">desnutrición</a></li> <li>Estar en un hospital, especialmente si está en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/criticalcare.html">UCI</a>. Estar sedado y / o conectado a un ventilador aumenta aún más el riesgo</li> <li>Tener una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">enfermedad pulmonar</a></li> <li> Tener un sistema inmunitario debilitado</li> <li>Tener problemas para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">toser</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">tragar</a>, por un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">derrame cerebral</a> u otra afección</li> <li>Haberse enfermado recientemente con un resfriado o gripe</li> <li>Otras afecciones de salud crónicas (de larga duración), como diabetes, insuficiencia cardíaca, anemia falciforme, enfermedad hepática y renal</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la neumonía?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de la neumonía pueden variar de leves a graves e incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li>Escalofríos</li> <li>Tos, generalmente con flema ((un tipo de mucosidad espesa que se produce en los pulmones)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Dificultad para respirar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor en el pecho</a> cuando respira o tose</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náuseas y / o vómitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a></li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas pueden variar para diferentes grupos. Los recién nacidos y los bebés pueden no mostrar ningún signo de infección. Otros pueden vomitar y tener fiebre y tos. Pueden parecer enfermos, sin energía o estar inquietos.</p> <p>Los adultos mayores y las personas con enfermedades graves o sistemas inmunitarios débiles pueden tener síntomas menores y más leves. Incluso pueden tener una temperatura inferior a la normal. En ocasiones, los adultos mayores que tienen neumonía pueden sentirse débiles o confundidos súbitamente.</p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la neumonía?</h3> <p>A veces, la neumonía puede causar complicaciones graves, como:</p> <ul> <li>Bacteriemia: Ocurre cuando las bacterias entran al torrente sanguíneo. Es grave y puede provocar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html">shock séptico</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abscess.html">Abscesos</a> pulmonares: Acumulaciones de pus en las cavidades de los pulmones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pleuraldisorders.html">Trastornos pleurales</a>: Afecciones que afectan la pleura, el tejido que cubre el exterior de los pulmones y recubre el interior de la cavidad torácica</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">Insuficiencia renal</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratoryfailure.html">Insuficiencia respiratoria</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la neumonía?</h3> <p>En ocasiones, la neumonía puede ser difícil de diagnosticar porque puede causar algunos de los mismos síntomas que un resfriado o gripe. Puede llevarle tiempo darse cuenta de que tiene una afección más grave.</p> <p>Para saber si tiene neumonía, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Analizará su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Realizará un examen físico, que incluye escuchar sus pulmones con un estetoscopio</li> <li> Puede solicitar varias pruebas, incluyendo:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">Radiografía </a> de tórax</li> <li>Exámenes de sangre como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/conteo-sanguineo-completo/">conteo sanguíneo completo</a> para ver si su sistema inmunitario está combatiendo activamente una infección</li> <li>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cultivo-de-bacterias/">hemocultivo</a> para determinar si tiene una infección bacteriana que se ha diseminado al torrente sanguíneo</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Si está en el hospital, tiene síntomas graves, es adulto mayor o tiene otros problemas de salud, también es posible que le hagan más pruebas, como:</p> <ul> <li>Prueba de esputo: Busca bacterias en una muestra de su esputo (saliva) o flema (mucosidad que se expulsa de los pulmones al toser)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">Tomografía computarizada</a> del tórax para ver cuánto de sus pulmones están afectados. También puede mostrar si tiene complicaciones como abscesos pulmonares o derrames pleurales (acumulación de líquido en el espacio pleural)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/analisis-del-liquido-pleural/">Cultivo de líquido pleural</a>: Busca bacterias en una muestra de líquido que se tomó del espacio pleural</li> <li>Oximetría de pulso o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/nivel-de-oxigeno-en-la-sangre/">prueba de nivel de oxígeno en la sangre</a>: Busca verificar cuánto oxígeno hay en su sangre</li> <li> Broncoscopia: Procedimiento que se utiliza para observar el interior de las vías respiratorias de los pulmones</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la neumonía?</h3> <p>El tratamiento para la neumonía depende del tipo de neumonía, qué germen la causa y qué tan grave es:</p> <ul> <li>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a> tratan la neumonía bacteriana y algunos tipos de neumonía por neumococo. No funcionan para la neumonía viral</li> <li>En algunos casos, su profesional de la salud puede recetarle medicamentos antivirales para la neumonía viral</li> <li>Los medicamentos antimicóticos tratan otros tipos de neumonía fúngica</li> </ul> <p>Es posible que deba ser tratado en un hospital si sus síntomas son graves o si está en riesgo de complicaciones. Mientras esté allí, puede recibir tratamientos adicionales. Por ejemplo, puede recibir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">oxigenoterapia </a> si su nivel de oxígeno en la sangre es bajo.</p> <p>Puede tomar tiempo recuperarse de la neumonía. Algunas personas se sienten mejor en una semana. Para otras puede tomar un mes o más.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la neumonía?</h3> <p>Las vacunas pueden ayudar a prevenir la neumonía por neumococo o el virus de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html">gripe</a>. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">Lavarse las manos frecuentemente</a>, no fumar y tener un estilo de vida saludable también puede ayudar a prevenirla.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Infecciones Pulmón y vías respiratorias Pneumonia Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Enfermedad del legionario Infecciones por Haemophilus Infecciones por neumococo Infecciones por Pneumocystis Pulmonía Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>Neural tube defects are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">birth defects</a> of the brain, spine, or spinal cord. They happen in the first month of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows that she is pregnant. The two most common neural tube defects are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinabifida.html">spina bifida</a> and anencephaly. In spina bifida, the fetal spinal column doesn't close completely. There is usually nerve damage that causes at least some paralysis of the legs. In anencephaly, most of the brain and skull do not develop. Babies with anencephaly are usually either stillborn or die shortly after birth. Another type of defect, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chiarimalformation.html">Chiari malformation</a>, causes the brain tissue to extend into the spinal canal.</p> <p>The exact causes of neural tube defects aren't known. You're at greater risk of having an infant with a neural tube defect if you:</p><ul> <li>Have obesity</li> <li>Have poorly controlled diabetes</li> <li>Take certain antiseizure medicines</li> </ul> <p>Getting enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html">folic acid</a>, a type of B vitamin, before and during pregnancy prevents most neural tube defects.</p> <p>Neural tube defects are usually diagnosed before the infant is born, through lab or imaging tests. There is no cure for neural tube defects. The nerve damage and loss of function that are present at birth are usually permanent. However, a variety of treatments can sometimes prevent further damage and help with complications.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Defectos del tubo neural Neural Tube Defects Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Brain Malformations Chiari Malformation Hydrocephalus Spina Bifida Anencephaly Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert National Society of Genetic Counselors Find an Expert American Academy of Pediatrics Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Statistics and Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Tic doloroso <p>La neuralgia del trigémino es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html">dolor</a> crónico que afecta a la cara. Causa dolor, ardor repentino o sensación de shock extremo. Por lo general, afecta a un lado de la cara. Cualquier vibración en su rostro, incluso por hablar, puede provocarla. La afección puede aparecer y desaparecer por días o incluso meses. Pero cuanto más tiempo dure, menores son las posibilidades de que desaparezca.</p> <p>La neuralgia del trigémino generalmente afecta a personas mayores de 50 años, especialmente a mujeres. La causa probable es un vaso sanguíneo que presiona el nervio trigémino, uno de los nervios más grandes en la cabeza. Los tumores y esclerosis múltiple también pueden provocarla, pero en algunos casos se desconoce la causa.</p> <p>No existe una prueba específica para diagnosticarla. Puede ser difícil de diagnosticar, ya que muchas otras afecciones pueden causar dolor facial. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen medicamentos, cirugía y terapias complementarias.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Trigeminal Neuralgia Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <h3>What is neuroblastoma?</h3> <p>Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that forms in nerve cells called neuroblasts. Neuroblasts are immature nerve tissue. They normally turn into working nerve cells. But in neuroblastoma, they form a tumor.</p> <p>Neuroblastoma usually begins in the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html">adrenal glands</a>. You have two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands make important hormones that help control heart rate, blood pressure, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood glucose</a> (blood sugar), and the way the body reacts to stress. Neuroblastoma may also begin in the neck, chest or spinal cord.</p> <h3>What causes neuroblastoma?</h3> <p>Neuroblastoma is caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation/">changes in your genes</a>. Gene changes also called gene variants or mutations. In most cases, the cause of the mutation is unknown. In some other cases, the mutation is passed from the parent to the child.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of neuroblastoma?</h3> <p>Neuroblastoma often begins in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerinchildren.html">early childhood</a>. Sometimes it begins before a child is born.The most common symptoms are caused by the tumor pressing on nearby tissues as it grows or by cancer spreading to the bone.They include:</p><ul> <li>A lump in the abdomen, neck, or chest</li> <li>Bulging eyes</li> <li>Dark circles around the eyes</li> <li>Bone pain</li> <li>Swollen stomach and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">trouble breathing</a> in babies</li> <li>Painless, bluish lumps under the skin in babies</li> <li>Weakness or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html">paralysis</a> (loss of ability to move a body part)</li> </ul> <h3>How is neuroblastoma diagnosed?</h3> <p>To diagnose neuroblastoma, your child's health care provider will do various tests and procedures, which may include:</p><ul> <li>A medical history.</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam">neurological exam</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Imaging test</a>s, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-rays</a>, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a>, an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a>, an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a>, or an MIBG scan. In an MIBG scan, a small amount of a radioactive substance is injected into a vein. It travels through the bloodstream and attaches itself to any neuroblastoma cells. A scanner detects the cells.</li> <li>Blood and urine tests.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">Biopsy</a>, in which a sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope.</li> <li>Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, in which bone marrow, blood, and a small piece of bone are removed for testing.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for neuroblastoma?</h3> <p>The treatments for neuroblastoma include:</p><ul> <li>Observation, also called watchful waiting, is where the health care provider does not give any treatments until your child's signs or symptoms appear or change.</li> <li>Surgery</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a>.</li> <li>High-dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy with stem cell rescue. Your child will get high doses of chemotherapy and radiation. This kills the cancer cells, but it also kills healthy cells. So your child will get a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">stem cell transplant</a>, usually of his or her own cells collected earlier. This helps to replace the healthy cells that were lost.</li> <li>Iodine 131-MIBG therapy, a treatment with radioactive iodine. The radioactive iodine collects in neuroblastoma cells and kills them with the radiation that is given off.</li> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Brain and Nerves Neuroblastoma Neuroblastoma Spanish National Cancer Institute Cancer in Children Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests CureSearch for Children's Cancer Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society <h3>¿Qué es el neuroblastoma?</h3> <p>El neuroblastoma es un tipo de cáncer que se forma en las células nerviosas llamadas neuroblastos. Los neuroblastos son tejido nervioso inmaduro. Normalmente, se convierten en células nerviosas, pero en el neuroblastoma forman un tumor.</p> <p>En general, el neuroblastoma comienza en las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adrenalglanddisorders.html">glándulas suprarrenales</a>. Usted tiene dos glándulas suprarrenales, una encima de cada riñón. Estas producen hormonas importantes que ayudan a controlar la frecuencia cardíaca, la presión arterial, la <a href="../spanish/bloodglucose.html" tid="6122">glucosa en la sangre (azúcar)</a> y la forma en que el cuerpo reacciona al estrés. El neuroblastoma también puede comenzar en el cuello, el tórax o la médula espinal.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el neuroblastoma?</h3> <p>El neuroblastoma es causado por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/variantesytrastornos/genvariante/">cambios en los genes</a>. Estos cambios también se llaman mutaciones o variantes. En la mayoría de los casos, se desconoce la causa de la mutación. En algunos otros, la mutación se transmite de padres a hijos</p>. <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del neuroblastoma?</h3> <p>El neuroblastoma a menudo comienza en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerinchildren.html">primera infancia</a>. A veces comienza antes de nacer el niño. Los síntomas más comunes son causados por el tumor que presiona los tejidos cercanos a medida que crece o por la propagación del cáncer al hueso. Estos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Un bulto en el abdomen, cuello o pecho</li> <li>Ojos saltones</li> <li>Círculos oscuros alrededor de los ojos</li> <li>Dolor de huesos</li> <li>Estómago hinchado y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">dificultad para respirar</a> en los bebés</li> <li>Bultos azulados y sin dolor debajo de la piel en los bebés</li> <li>Debilidad o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html">parálisis</a> (pérdida de la capacidad de mover una parte del cuerpo)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el neuroblastoma?</h3> <p>Para diagnosticar el neuroblastoma, el profesional de la salud realizará varias pruebas y procedimientos al niño, las que pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica</li> <li>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/examen-neurologico/">examen neurológico</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">Pruebas de imagen</a> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografías</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ecografía</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a> o una exploración MIBG. En una exploración MIBG, se inyecta una pequeña cantidad de una sustancia radioactiva en una vena, la que viaja a través del torrente sanguíneo y se adhiere a cualquier célula de neuroblastoma. Luego, un escáner detecta las células</li> <li>Pruebas de sangre y orina</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">Biopsia</a>: Se extrae una muestra de tejido y se examina en el microscopio</li> <li>Aspiración y biopsia de médula ósea: Se extrae la médula ósea, la sangre y un pequeño pedazo de hueso para la prueba</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el neuroblastoma?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para el neuroblastoma incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Observación: También llamada espera vigilante, es cuando el profesional de la salud no administra ningún tratamiento hasta que los signos o síntomas del niño aparecen o cambian</li> <li>Cirugía</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Radioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></li> <li>Altas dosis de quimioterapia y radioterapia con rescate de células madre: Su hijo recibirá altas dosis de quimioterapia y radiación, lo que elimina las células cancerosas, pero también las células sanas. Por lo tanto, su hijo recibirá un trasplante de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stemcells.html">células madre</a>, generalmente de sus propias células recolectadas antes del procedimiento. Esto ayuda a reemplazar las células sanas que se hayan perdido</li> <li>Terapia con yodo 131-MIBG: Tratamiento con yodo radioactivo. El yodo radioactivo se acumula en las células de neuroblastoma y las elimina con la radiación que se emite</li> <li>Terapia dirigida: Utiliza medicamentos u otras sustancias que atacan células cancerosas específicas con menos daño a las células normales</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Cerebro y nervios Neuroblastoma Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer en niños Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Hospital de Investigación sobre Niños St. Jude Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Recklinghausen's disease von Recklinghausen's disease <p>Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder of the nervous system. It mainly affects how nerve cells form and grow. It causes tumors to grow on nerves. You can get neurofibromatosis from your parents, or it can happen because of a mutation (change) in your genes. Once you have it, you can pass it along to your children. Usually the tumors are benign, but sometimes they can become cancerous.</p> <p>There are three types of neurofibromatosis:</p><ul> <li>Type 1 (NF1) causes skin changes and deformed bones. It usually starts in childhood. Sometimes the symptoms are present at birth.</li> <li>Type 2 (NF2) causes hearing loss, ringing in the ears, and poor balance. Symptoms often start in the teen years.</li> <li>Schwannomatosis causes intense pain. It is the rarest type.</li> </ul> <p>Doctors diagnose the different types based on the symptoms. Genetic testing is also used to diagnose NF1 and NF2. There is no cure. Treatment can help control symptoms. Depending on the type of disease and how serious it is, treatment may include surgery to remove tumors, radiation therapy, and medicines.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Cancers Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Neurofibromatosis Neurofibromatoses Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke von Recklinghausen's Disease Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Children's Tumor Foundation PDF Start Here Children's Tumor Foundation PDF Start Here National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Related Issues Children's Tumor Foundation PDF Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Children's Tumor Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics Children's Tumor Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH <p>La neurofibromatosis es un trastorno genético del sistema nervioso. Afecta la manera en que las células crecen y se forman y provoca el crecimiento de tumores en los nervios. En general, los tumores son benignos (no cancerosos), pero a veces pueden convertirse en cáncer. </p> <p>La neurofibromatosis se puede heredar de los padres o puede ocurrir por una mutación (cambio) en los genes. Si usted tiene esta afección, puede transmitirla a sus hijos. </p> <p>Existen tres tipos:</p><ul> <li> Tipo 1 (NF1), que provoca cambios en la piel y deformidades en los huesos. Suele comenzar en la infancia. A veces, los síntomas están presentes al nacer. </li> <li> Tipo 2 (NF2), que causa pérdida del oído, zumbidos en los oídos y problemas de equilibrio. Los síntomas suelen comenzar en la adolescencia. </li> <li> La schwanomatosis provoca un dolor intenso. Es el tipo más raro. </li> </ul> <p>Los doctores pueden diagnosticar los diferentes tipos de esta afección basándose en los síntomas. Para diagnosticar NF1 y NF2 también se usan pruebas genéticas. No existe una cura. El tratamiento puede ayudar a controlar los síntomas. Dependiendo del tipo de enfermedad y de su gravedad, el tratamiento puede incluir cirugía para extirpar tumores, radioterapia y medicinas. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cánceres Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Neurofibromatosis Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Enfermedad de von Recklinghausen Von Recklinghausen, Enfermedad de Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Nervous system diseases <p>The brain, spinal cord, and nerves make up the nervous system. Together they control all the workings of the body. When something goes wrong with a part of your nervous system, you can have trouble moving, speaking, swallowing, breathing, or learning. You can also have problems with your memory, senses, or mood.</p> <p>There are more than 600 neurologic diseases. Major types include:</p><ul> <li> Diseases caused by faulty genes, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/huntingtonsdisease.html">Huntington's disease</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html">muscular dystrophy</a></li> <li> Problems with the way the nervous system develops, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinabifida.html">spina bifida</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/degenerativenervediseases.html">Degenerative diseases</a>, where nerve cells are damaged or die, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson's disease </a>and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a></li> <li> Diseases of the blood vessels that supply the brain, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a></li> <li> Injuries to the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html">spinal cord</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">brain</a></li> <li> Seizure disorders, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html">epilepsy</a> </li> <li> Cancer, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braintumors.html">brain tumors</a></li> <li> infections, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html">meningitis</a></li> </ul> Brain and Nerves Enfermedades neurológicas Nervous System Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Acute Flaccid Myelitis Autonomic Nervous System Disorders Brain Diseases Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Degenerative Nerve Diseases Epilepsy Meningitis Movement Disorders Neuromuscular Disorders Parkinson's Disease Peripheral Nerve Disorders Spinal Cord Diseases Tourette Syndrome Trigeminal Neuralgia Von Hippel-Lindau Disease Nerve Diseases Nervous System Diseases Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Reference Desk American Academy of Neurology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Video Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Schwannoma vestibular Tumor acústico <p>El neuroma acústico es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html">tumor benigno</a> (no canceroso) que se desarrolla en el nervio que conecta el oído con el cerebro. El tumor suele crecer lentamente. A medida que crece, ejerce presión contra los nervios auditivos y del equilibrio. Al comienzo, quizá no se presenten síntomas o estos sean leves. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Pérdida la audición de un lado</li> <li>Zumbidos en los oídos</li> <li>Mareos y problemas de equilibrio</li> </ul> <p>Con el tiempo, el tumor también puede causar entumecimiento o parálisis en el rostro. Si crece demasiado, puede ejercer presión contra el cerebro y presentar un riesgo de muerte.</p> <p>El neuroma acústico puede ser difícil de diagnosticar, porque los síntomas son similares a los problemas del oído medio. Los exámenes de oído, las pruebas de audición y rastreos pueden detectar si lo tiene.</p> <p>Si el tumor permanece pequeño, es posible que solamente tenga que controlarlo periódicamente. Si necesita tratamiento, las opciones son la cirugía y radiación. </p> <p>Si el tumor afecta ambos nervios auditivos, suele ser a consecuencia de un trastorno genético denominado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurofibromatosis.html">neurofibromatosis</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación </p> Cerebro y nervios Oído, nariz y garganta Acoustic Neuroma Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH <p>Neuromuscular disorders affect your neuromuscular system. They can cause problems with:</p><ul> <li>The nerves that control your muscles</li> <li>Your muscles</li> <li>Communication between your nerves and muscles</li> </ul> <p>These disorders can cause your muscles to become weak and waste away. You may also have symptoms such as spasms, twitching, and pain.</p> <p>Examples of neuromuscular disorders include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html">Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html">Muscular dystrophy</a> </li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/myastheniagravis.html">Myasthenia gravis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalmuscularatrophy.html">Spinal muscular atrophy</a></li> </ul> <p>There can be different causes for these diseases. Many of them are genetic.This means they are inherited (run in families) or are caused by a new mutation in your genes. Some neuromuscular disorders are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune diseases</a>. Sometimes the cause is unknown.</p> <p>Many neuromuscular diseases have no cure. But treatments may improve symptoms, increase mobility, and lengthen life.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Brain and Nerves Enfermedades neuromusculares Neuromuscular Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Movement Disorders Multiple Sclerosis Muscle Disorders Muscular Dystrophy Myasthenia Gravis Neurologic Diseases Peripheral Nerve Disorders Spinal Muscular Atrophy Spasticity Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues ALS Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Muscular Dystrophy Association PDF Start Here Muscular Dystrophy Association Genetics Muscular Dystrophy Association PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Women Muscular Dystrophy Association PDF Related Issues Muscular Dystrophy Association PDF Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Muscular Dystrophy Association PDF <p>Your newborn infant has screening tests before leaving the hospital. There may be different tests depending on the state where you live. They include:</p><ul> <li>Tests on a few drops of blood from pricking the baby's heel. The tests look for inherited disorders. All states test for at least 30 of these conditions.</li> <li>A hearing test that measures the baby's response to sound</li> <li>A skin test that measures the level of oxygen in the blood. This can tell if the baby has a congenital heart defect.</li> </ul> <p>These tests look for serious medical conditions. If not treated, some of these conditions can cause lifelong health problems. Others can cause early death. With early diagnosis, treatment can begin right away, before serious problems can occur or become permanent.</p> <p>If a screening shows that your baby might have a condition, the health care provider or the state health department will call you. It is important to follow up quickly. Further testing can verify whether your baby has the condition. If so, treatment should start right away. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Children and Teenagers Genetics/Birth Defects Evaluación del recién nacido Neonatal Screening Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Genetic Testing Screening, Newborn Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Center for Biotechnology Information NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Specifics American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Números de colesterol <style type="text/css"> table th, table td {text-align: left; padding: 3px 15px} </style> <h3>¿Qué es el colesterol?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a> es una sustancia cerosa y parecida a la grasa que se encuentra en todas las células de su cuerpo. Su cuerpo necesita algo de colesterol para funcionar bien. Pero si tiene demasiado colesterol en su sangre, se puede pegar en las paredes de sus arterias, estrechándolas o incluso bloqueándolas. Esto lo pone en riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a> y otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se miden sus niveles de colesterol?</h3> <p>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/">prueba de sangre</a> llamada panel de lipoproteínas o nivel lipídico puede medir sus niveles de colesterol. Antes de la prueba, necesitará <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ayunar-para-una-prueba-de-sangre/">ayunar</a> (no comer ni beber nada excepto agua) por nueve a 12 horas. La prueba brinda información sobre su:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Colesterol total:</strong> Cantidad total de colesterol en la sangre. Incluye ambos tipos: El colesterol de lipoproteína de baja densidad (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL</a>, por su sigla en inglés) y el colesterol de lipoproteína de alta densidad (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL</a>, por su sigla en inglés)</li> <li><strong>Colesterol LDL:</strong> A menudo se denomina colesterol "malo" porque es la principal fuente de acumulación y obstrucción del colesterol en las arterias</li> <li><strong>Colesterol bueno (HDL):</strong> A menudo se conoce como colesterol "bueno" porque ayuda a eliminar el colesterol de sus arterias</li> <li><strong>No-HDL:</strong> Este número es su colesterol total menos su colesterol bueno (HDL). Su colesterol no-HDL incluye el colesterol malo (LDL) y otros tipos de colesterol, como la lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL)</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html">Triglicéridos</a>:</strong> Otro tipo de grasa en su sangre que puede aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca (del corazón), especialmente en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">mujeres</a> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué significan sus niveles de colesterol?</h3> <p>Los niveles de colesterol se miden en miligramos por decilitro (mg / dL). Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre cuáles deben ser sus niveles de colesterol. Las cifras recomendadas para usted pueden depender de su edad, raza, presión arterial, peso, antecedentes familiares y más. Sin embargo, a continuación, encontrará pautas generales que muestran los niveles deseables (niveles que son saludables para la mayoría de las personas):</p> <p><strong>Personas de 19 años o menores:</strong></p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for age 19 or younger" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Tipo de colesterol </th> <th scope="col">Nivel saludable</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Colesterol total</td> <td>Menos de 170 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>No-HDL</td> <td>Menos de 120 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>LDL</td> <td>Menos de 110 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>HDL</td> <td>Más de 45 mg/dL</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p><strong>Hombres de 20 años o mayores</strong></p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for men age 20 or older" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Tipo de colesterol</th> <th scope="col">Nivel saludable</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Colesterol total</td> <td>Menos de 200 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>No-HDL</td> <td>Menos de 130 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>LDL</td> <td>Menos de 100 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>HDL</td> <td>Lo mejor es mayor o igual a 60 mg/dL.<br/><br/>Niveles inferiores a 40 mg/dL se consideran bajos.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p><strong>Mujeres de 20 años o mayores:</strong></p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Healthy cholesterol numbers for women age 20 or older" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Tipo de colesterol</th> <th scope="col">Nivel saludable</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Colesterol total</td> <td>Menos de 200 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>No-HDL</td> <td>Menos de 130 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>LDL</td> <td>Menos de 100 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>HDL</td> <td>Lo mejor es mayor o igual a 60 mg/dL.<br/><br/>Niveles inferiores a 50 mg/dL se consideran bajos.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p>Los triglicéridos no son un tipo de colesterol, pero también se miden en esta prueba. Un nivel normal de triglicéridos es menor a 150 mg / dL. Es posible que necesite tratamiento si tiene niveles de triglicéridos que están en el límite alto (150-199 mg / dL) o alto (200 mg / dL o más).</p> <h3>¿Qué tan seguido debo someterme a una prueba de colesterol?</h3> <p>Cuándo y con qué frecuencia debe realizarse esta prueba depende de su edad, factores de riesgo e historia familiar. Las recomendaciones generales son:</p> <p>Para personas de 19 años o menores:</p> <ul> <li>La primera prueba debe ser entre los nueve y 11 años</li> <li>Los niños deberían hacerse la prueba nuevamente cada cinco años</li> <li>Algunos niños pueden hacerse esta prueba a partir de los dos años si hay antecedentes familiares de colesterol alto, ataque cardíaco o accidente cerebrovascular</li> </ul> <p>Para personas de 20 años a 65 años:</p> <ul> <li>Los adultos más jóvenes deben hacerse la prueba cada cinco años</li> <li>Los hombres de 45 a 65 años y las mujeres de 55 a 65 años deben hacérsela cada uno a dos años</li> </ul> <p>Para personas mayores de 65 años:</p> <li>Deben hacerse la prueba todos los años</li> <h3>¿Qué afecta los niveles de colesterol?</h3> <p>Varios factores pueden afectar sus niveles de colesterol. Algunos de ellos son cosas que usted puede cambiar:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Dieta:</strong> La grasa saturada y el colesterol en los alimentos que consume aumentan el nivel de colesterol en la sangre. La grasa saturada es el principal culpable, pero el colesterol en los alimentos también importa. Bajar la cantidad de grasas saturadas en su dieta ayuda a reducir el nivel de colesterol en la sangre. Los alimentos que tienen altos niveles de grasas saturadas incluyen carnes rojas, productos lácteos enteros, chocolate, algunos productos horneados y muchos alimentos procesados y fritos</li> <li><strong>Peso:</strong> El sobrepeso u obesidad son factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca. También hace subir su colesterol.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">No hacer actividad física</a>:</strong> No hacer ejercicio es un factor de riesgo para la enfermedad cardíaca.</li> <li><strong>Tabaquismo:</strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar cigarrillos</a> reduce el colesterol bueno (HDL). Dado que éste ayuda a eliminar el colesterol malo de sus arterias, tener un nivel de HDL más bajo puede contribuir a un nivel más alto de colesterol malo </li> </ul> <p>Algunos factores que no puede cambiar también pueden afectar sus niveles de colesterol, como:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Su edad</strong>: Sus niveles de colesterol tienden a aumentar a medida que envejece. Aunque es menos común, personas jóvenes, incluyendo niños y adolescentes, puede también tener colesterol alto</li> <li><strong>Sexo</strong>: Entre los 20 y los 39 años, los hombres tienen un mayor riesgo de tener colesterol total alto que las mujeres. Pero después de la menopausia, el riesgo de una mujer aumenta. Esto sucede porque la menopausia reduce los niveles de hormonas femeninas que pueden proteger contra el colesterol alto en sangre</li> <li><strong>Antecedentes familiares</strong>: Sus genes determinan en parte la cantidad de colesterol que produce su cuerpo. El colesterol alto en la sangre puede darse en familias</li> <li><strong>Raza o etnicidad</strong>: Personas de ciertas razas o grupos étnicos pueden tener un mayor riesgo de colesterol alto. Por ejemplo, los asiático-americanos tienen más probabilidades de tener niveles altos de colesterol LDL que otros grupos. Y los blancos no hispanos tienen más probabilidades que otros grupos de tener niveles altos de colesterol total</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo bajar mi colesterol?</h3> <p>Puede <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html">bajar su colesterol</a> mediante cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón. Estos incluyen un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterolwithdiet.html">plan de alimentación saludable</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">control de peso</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física regular</a>.</p> <p>Si estos cambios en el estilo de vida no son suficientes, es posible que también deba tomar medicamentos. Hay varios tipos disponibles de medicamentos para reducir el colesterol, incluyendo estatinas. Si toma medicamentos para bajar el colesterol, aún debe continuar con los cambios en el estilo de vida.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Alimentos y nutrición Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Colesterol, Niveles Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Enciclopedia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español PDF Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Fácil de leer <p>Noise is all around you, from televisions and radios to lawn mowers and washing machines. Normally, you hear these sounds at safe levels that don't affect hearing. But sounds that are too loud or loud sounds over a long time are harmful. They can damage sensitive structures of the inner ear and cause noise-induced hearing loss.</p> <p>More than 30 million Americans are exposed to hazardous sound levels on a regular basis. Hazardous sound levels are louder than 80 decibels. That's not as loud as traffic on a busy street. Listening to loud music, especially on headphones, is a common cause of noise-induced hearing loss. You can protect your hearing by:</p><ul> <li>Keeping the volume down when listening to music</li> <li>Wearing earplugs when using loud equipment</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</p> Ear, Nose and Throat Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Ruido Noise Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Hearing Disorders and Deafness Occupational Health Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Find an Expert National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Teenagers Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH <h3>What is pain?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html">Pain</a> is a signal in your nervous system that something may be wrong. It is an unpleasant feeling, such as a prick, tingle, sting, burn, or ache. Pain may be sharp or dull. It may come and go, or it may be constant. You may feel pain in one area of your body, such as your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html">back</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">abdomen</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">chest</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html">pelvis</a>, or you may feel pain all over.</p> <p>There are two types of pain:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Acute pain</strong> usually comes on suddenly, because of a disease, injury, or inflammation. It can often be diagnosed and treated. It usually goes away, though sometimes it can turn into <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">chronic pain</a>.</li> <li><strong>Chronic pain</strong> lasts for a long time, and can cause severe problems</li> </ul> <h3>What are pain relievers?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">Pain relievers</a> are medicines that reduce or relieve pain. There are many different pain medicines, and each one has advantages and risks. Some are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html">over-the-counter</a> (OTC) medicines. Others are stronger medicines, which are available by prescription. The most powerful prescription pain relievers are opioids. They are very effective, but people who take them are at risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">addiction</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html">overdose</a>.</p> <p>Because of the side effects and risks of pain relievers, you may want to try non-drug treatments first. And if you do need to take medicines, also doing some non-drug treatments may allow you to take a lower dose.</p> <h3>What are some non-drug treatments for pain?</h3> <p>There are many non-drug treatments that can help with pain. It is important to check with your health care provider before trying any of them:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Acupuncture</strong> involves stimulating acupuncture points. These are specific points on your body. There are different acupuncture methods. The most common one involves inserting thin needles through the skin. Others include using pressure, electrical stimulation, and heat. Acupuncture is based on the belief that qi (vital energy) flows through the body along paths, called meridians. Practitioners believe that stimulating the acupuncture points can rebalance the qi. Research suggests that acupuncture can help manage certain pain conditions.</li> <li><strong>Biofeedback techniques</strong> use electronic devices to measure body functions such as breathing and heart rate. This teaches you to be more aware of your body functions so you can learn to control them. For example, a biofeedback device may show you measurements of your muscle tension. By watching how these measurements change, you can become more aware of when your muscles are tense and learn to relax them. Biofeedback may help to control pain, including chronic headaches and back pain.</li> <li><strong>Electrical stimulation</strong> involves using a device to send a gentle electric current to your nerves or muscles. This can help treat pain by interrupting or blocking the pain signals. Types include</li> <ul> <li>Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS)</li> <li>Implanted electric nerve stimulation</li> <li>Deep brain or spinal cord stimulation</li> </ul> <li><strong>Massage therapy</strong> is a treatment in which the soft tissues of the body are kneaded, rubbed, tapped, and stroked. Among other benefits, it may help people relax, and relieve stress and pain.</li> <li><strong>Meditation</strong> is a mind-body practice in which you focus your attention on something, such as an object, word, phrase, or breathing. This helps you to minimize distracting or stressful thoughts or feelings.</li> <li><strong>Physical therapy</strong> uses techniques such as heat, cold, exercise, massage, and manipulation. It can help to control pain, as well as condition muscles and restore strength.</li> <li><strong>Psychotherapy</strong> (talk therapy) uses methods such as discussion, listening, and counseling to treat mental and behavioral disorders. It can also help people who have pain, especially chronic pain, by</li> <ul> <li>Teaching them coping skills, to be able to better deal with the stress that pain can cause</li> <li>Addressing negative thoughts and emotions that can make pain worse</li> <li>Providing them with support</li> </ul> <li><strong>Relaxation therapy</strong> can help reduce muscle tension and stress, lower blood pressure, and control pain. It may involve tensing and relaxing muscles throughout the body. It may be used with guided imagery (focusing the mind on positive images) and meditation.</li> <li><strong>Surgery</strong> can sometimes be necessary to treat severe pain, especially when it is caused by back problems or serious musculoskeletal injuries. There are always risks to getting surgery, and it does not always work to treat pain. So it is important to go through all of the risks and benefits with your health care provider.</li> </ul> Complementary and Alternative Therapies Manejo del dolor sin medicamentos Pain Management Spanish National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health Acupuncture Chiropractic Chronic Pain Complementary and Integrative Medicine Pain Rehabilitation Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert American Massage Therapy Association Find an Expert National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here American Psychological Association Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here American Society of Anesthesiologists Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Journal Articles Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Reference Desk National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Norwalk virus infections <p>Noroviruses are a group of related viruses. Infection with these viruses causes an illness called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html">gastroenteritis</a>, an inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It can spread from person to person, or through contaminated food or water. You can also get it if you touch a contaminated surface. Norovirus can be serious, especially for young children and older adults.</p> <p>The most common symptoms of norovirus infection are:</p><ul> <li>Diarrhea</li> <li>Nausea and vomiting</li> <li>Stomach pain</li> </ul> <p>Other symptoms may include fever, headache or body aches.</p> <p>Treatment includes bed rest and lots of liquids to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydration</a>. There is no specific medicine to treat norovirus infections.</p> <p>Proper hand washing and safe food preparation may help prevent infections.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Digestive System Infections Infecciones por Norovirus Norovirus Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Gastroenteritis Norwalk Virus Infections Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Nasal disorders <p>Your nose is important to your health. It filters the air you breathe, removing dust, germs, and irritants. It warms and moistens the air to keep your lungs and tubes that lead to them from drying out. Your nose also contains the nerve cells that help your sense of smell. When there is a problem with your nose, your whole body can suffer. For example, the stuffy nose of the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">common cold</a> can make it hard for you to breathe, sleep, or get comfortable. </p> <p>Many problems besides the common cold can affect the nose. They include:</p><ul> <li> Deviated septum - a shifting of the wall that divides the nasal cavity into halves</li> <li> Nasal polyps - soft growths that develop on the lining of your nose or sinuses</li> <li> Nosebleeds </li> <li> Rhinitis - inflammation of the nose and sinuses sometimes caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">allergies</a>. The main symptom is a runny nose.</li> <li>Nasal fractures, also known as a broken nose</li> </ul> Ear, Nose and Throat Lesiones y enfermedades de la nariz Nose Diseases Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Nasal Cancer Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Sinusitis Taste and Smell Disorders Nasal Disorders Nosebleed Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Find an Expert American Rhinologic Society Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Specifics VisualDX Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Treatments and Therapies American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Journal Articles Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Specifics American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Radioisotope scans Radionuclide scans <p>Nuclear scans use radioactive substances to see structures and functions inside your body. They use a special camera that detects radioactivity.</p> <p>Before the test, you receive a small amount of radioactive material. You may get it as an injection. Sometimes you swallow it or inhale it. Then you lie still on a table while the camera makes images. Most scans take 20 to 45 minutes.</p> <p>Nuclear scans can help doctors diagnose many conditions, including cancers, injuries, and infections. They can also show how organs like your heart and lungs are working.</p> Diagnostic Tests Escanografía nuclear Radionuclide Imaging Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Diagnostic Imaging PET Scans Radionuclide Scans Find an Expert American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering NIH Start Here American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF In English and Spanish Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Health Physics Society PDF Prevention and Risk Factors Health Physics Society PDF Find an Expert Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Reference Desk Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Videos and Tutorials Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video <p>A nursing home is a place for people who don't need to be in a hospital but can't be cared for at home. Most nursing homes have nursing aides and skilled nurses on hand 24 hours a day. </p> <p>Some nursing homes are set up like a hospital. The staff provides medical care, as well as physical, speech and occupational therapy. There might be a nurses' station on each floor. Other nursing homes try to be more like home. They try to have a neighborhood feel. Often, they don't have a fixed day-to-day schedule, and kitchens might be open to residents. Staff members are encouraged to develop relationships with residents.</p> <p>Some nursing homes have special care units for people with serious memory problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a>. Some will let couples live together. Nursing homes are not only for older adults, but for anyone who requires 24-hour care.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Older Adults Health System Residencias para personas mayores Nursing Homes Spanish National Institute on Aging Assisted Living Health Facilities Long-Term Care Find an Expert USAging Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Find an Expert National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care Start Here AGS Health in Aging Foundation PDF Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Find an Expert Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Specifics Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services PDF Start Here AGS Health in Aging Foundation Journal Articles Related Issues Joint Commission Comida saludable <p>Una buena nutrición es importante para mantener a las personas sanas durante toda su vida, cuando son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewbornnutrition.html">bebés</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toddlernutrition.html">niños pequeños</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html">niños</a>, adultos y luego <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html">personas mayores</a>. La nutrición puede ayudar a las personas a vivir más tiempo y reducir el riesgo de problemas de salud como enfermedades del corazón, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a> y más.</p> <p>Una buena nutrición consiste en una alimentación saludable. Esto significa elegir regularmente alimentos y bebidas sanas. Un plan de alimentación saludable debe brindarle a su cuerpo la energía y los nutrientes que necesita todos los días. Los nutrientes incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html">proteínas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html">carbohidratos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">grasas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">minerales</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html">agua</a>. El plan también debe tener en cuenta sus preferencias, tradiciones culturales y presupuesto.<!-- p--> </p><p>Una alimentación saludable no significa que deba seguir una dieta muy estricta o comer solo unos pocos tipos de alimentos específicos. No significa que nunca pueda comer sus comidas favoritas. Puede comer una variedad de alimentos, incluyendo sus favoritos menos saludables. Pero es importante no comer demasiado de estos alimentos ni consumirlos muy seguido. Puede equilibrar esos alimentos con alimentos más saludables y hacer actividad física regular.</p> <p>Las claves para un plan de alimentación saludable incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Comer una variedad de alimentos, incluyendo vegetales, frutas y productos integrales</li> <li>Comer carnes magras, aves, pescado, frijoles y productos lácteos bajos en grasa</li> <li>Obtener suficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html">fibra</a></li> <li>Beber mucha agua</li> <li>Limitar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sal</a>, los azúcares añadidos, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> y las grasas saturadas</li> <li>Asegurarse de obtener suficientes nutrientes, especialmente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">vitamina D</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html">potasio</a></li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Alimentos y nutrición Bienestar y estilo de vida Nutrition Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Calcio Carbohidratos en la dieta Colesterol Control de peso Desnutrición Dieta vegetariana Dietas Etiquetado de alimentos Fibra en la dieta Grasas en la dieta Lactancia Nutrición artificial Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido Nutrición del niño Nutrición del niño pequeño Nutrición para personas mayores Obesidad Proteínas en la dieta Seguridad con los alimentos Trastornos de la alimentación Vitaminas Alimentación Alimentación saludable Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Alimentación asistida <p>La nutrición artificial es para las personas que no reciben suficientes nutrientes a través de las comidas o las bebidas. Es posible que lo necesite si:</p> <ul> <li> No puede tragar </li> <li> Tiene problemas de apetito </li> <li>Tiene una desnutrición severa</li> <li> No puede absorber los nutrientes a través del sistema digestivo </li> </ul> <p>Usted puede nutrirse artificialmente a través de una aguja o un catéter colocado en una vena o con un tubo de alimentación, que va hasta el estómago. </p> Alimentos y nutrición Nutritional Support Nutrición Alimentación artificial Alimentación asistida Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Alimentación del bebé y del niño <p>El alimento proporciona la energía y los nutrientes que los bebés necesitan para estar sanos. Para un bebé, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html">leche materna</a> es lo mejor. Contiene todas las vitaminas y minerales que necesitan. Las fórmulas para lactantes están disponibles para aquellos bebés cuyas mamás no pueden o deciden no amamantar.</p> <p>Los bebés comienzan a comer comida sólida cerca de los 6 meses de edad. Pregúntele a su proveedor de salud cuál es el mejor momento para que su bebé comience. Si empieza dándole un alimento a la vez, usted podrá identificar a cuáles su bebé podría ser <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html">alérgico</a>. Las reacciones alérgicas incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">erupciones en la piel</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">vómitos</a>.</p> <p>A muchos padres les preocupa la alergia al maní (cacahuate). El momento en que los bebés pueden consumir alimentos que contienen maní depende de su riesgo de tener alergias alimentarias:</p> <ul> <li>La mayoría de los bebés pueden comer productos con maní cuando tienen unos 6 meses de edad</li> <li>Los bebés que tienen eccema leve a moderado tienen un mayor riesgo de alergias alimentarias. Usualmente, estos bebés pueden comer productos con maní cerca de los 6 meses de edad. Hable con el proveedor de salud de su bebé si tiene preguntas sobre esto</li> <li>Los bebés con eccema severo o alergia al huevo tienen un alto riesgo de ser alérgicos al maní. Si su bebé es de alto riesgo, hable con su proveedor de atención médica. Puede que su hijo necesite una prueba de alergias. Su proveedor además puede indicarle cuándo y cómo darle a su hijo productos que contienen maní</li> </ul> <p>Hay algunas comidas que debe evitar darle a su bebé:</p> <ul> <li>No le de miel a su bebé antes de que cumpla un año de edad. La miel puede tener una toxina que causa <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botulism.html">botulismo</a> en bebés</li> <li>Evite la leche de vaca antes de que su bebé cumpla un año, ya que no contiene todos los nutrientes que su hijo necesita y los bebés no pueden digerirla</li> <li>Las bebidas o alimentos no pasteurizados (como jugos, leche, yogurt o quesos) pueden poner a su bebé en riesgo de una infección por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ecoliinfections.html">E. coli</a>, una bacteria que puede causar diarrea severa</li> <li>Algunos alimentos pueden provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choking.html">asfixia</a>, como dulces, palomitas de maíz, nueces enteras y uvas (a menos que las corte en pedacitos). No le de estos alimentos a su bebé antes de que cumpla 3 años</li> <li>Los bebés no deben tomar jugo antes de cumplir 1 año, debido a su alto contenido de azúcar</li> </ul> Niños y adolescentes Alimentos y nutrición Infant and Newborn Nutrition Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido Lactancia Nutrición del niño Nutrición del niño pequeño Salud del niño pequeño Bebé, Nutrición Nutrición del recién nacido Recién nacido, Nutrición Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Alimentación del niño <p>Una dieta saludable ayuda a los niños a crecer y a aprender. También ayuda a prevenir la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html">obesidad</a> y las enfermedades relacionadas con el peso, como la diabetes. Para darle a su hijo una dieta nutritiva:</p> <ul> <li>Prepare la mitad de lo que le da de comer con frutas y verduras</li> <li>Prefiera las fuentes saludables de proteínas, como carnes magras, nueces y huevos</li> <li>Sirva panes integrales y cereales porque son ricos en fibras. Reduzca los granos refinados</li> <li>Hornee, ase o cocine al vapor los alimentos en lugar de freírlos</li> <li>Limite la comida rápida y chatarra</li> <li>Ofrézcale agua y leche en lugar de jugos de frutas con azúcar y gaseosas</li> </ul> <p>Averigüe sobre las necesidades nutricionales de sus hijos. Algunas de ellas, como las necesidades de hierro y calcio, cambian a medida que su hijo crece.</p> <p class="">Fuente: NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Niños y adolescentes Alimentos y nutrición Child Nutrition Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Nutrición Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido Nutrición del niño pequeño Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos PDF Infografía Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours <p>Los alimentos proveen la energía que los niños más pequeños necesitan para crecer sanos. También están aprendiendo a comer por sí mismos. Deben comer una gran variedad de comidas de todos los grupos.</p> <p>Algunas cosas a las que hay que prestar atención:</p> <ul> <li>Asegúrese que su niño pequeño obtenga suficiente hierro</li> <li>Los niños pequeños de 1 a 3 años necesitan 500 miligramos de calcio por día</li> <li>No le dé de comer frutos de mar, maníes o nueces antes de los 2 o 3 años</li> </ul> Niños y adolescentes Alimentos y nutrición Toddler Nutrition Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido Nutrición del niño Niño pequeño, Nutrición Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Alimentación durante el embarazo Dieta durante el embarazo Embarazo y nutrición <h3>¿Qué es la nutrición y por qué es importante durante el embarazo?</h3> <p>La nutrición consiste en consumir una dieta saludable y equilibrada para que su cuerpo obtenga los nutrientes que necesita. Los nutrientes son sustancias en los alimentos que el cuerpo necesita para poder funcionar y crecer. Estos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html">proteínas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html">carbohidratos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">grasas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">minerales</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html">agua</a>.</p> <p>Cuando está <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazada</a>, la nutrición es más importante que nunca. Necesita una mayor cantidad de muchos nutrientes importantes que antes del embarazo. Preferir alimentos saludables a diario le ayudará a darle a su bebé lo que necesita para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">desarrollarse</a>. También ayudará para que usted y su bebé ganen una cantidad saludable de peso.</p> <h3>¿Tengo alguna necesidad nutricional especial ahora que estoy embarazada?</h3> <p>Necesita más ácido fólico, hierro, calcio y vitamina D que lo que necesitaba antes del embarazo:</p> <ul> <li>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html">ácido fólico</a> es una vitamina B que puede ayudar a prevenir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html">defectos del tubo neural</a> <ul> <li>Antes del embarazo, necesita 400 microgramos por día</li> <li>Durante el embarazo y la lactancia, necesita 600 microgramos por día proveniente de alimentos y/o vitaminas. Es difícil obtener esta cantidad solo de los alimentos, por lo que es probable que deba tomar un suplemento que contenga ácido fólico</li> </ul> </li> <li>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/iron.html">hierro</a> es importante para el crecimiento y desarrollo cerebral de su bebé. Durante el embarazo, la cantidad de sangre en su cuerpo aumenta, por lo que necesita más hierro para usted y su bebé en crecimiento. Debe recibir 27 miligramos de hierro al día</li> <li>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a> durante el embarazo puede reducir su riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">preeclampsia</a>. Es una afección médica grave que causa un aumento repentino de la presión arterial. El calcio también se acumula en los huesos y futuros dientes de su bebé <ul> <li>Las embarazadas adultas deben recibir 1,000 miligramos de calcio al día</li> <li>Las embarazadas adolescentes (entre 14 y 18 años) necesitan 1,300 miligramos de calcio al día</li> </ul> </li> <li>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">vitamina D</a> ayuda al calcio a formar los huesos y dientes del bebé. Todas las mujeres, embarazadas o no, deben recibir 600 unidades internacionales de vitamina D al día</li> </ul> <p>Tenga en cuenta que tomar demasiado de un suplemento puede ser perjudicial. Por ejemplo, niveles muy altos de vitamina A pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">defectos congénitos</a>. Solo tome vitaminas y suplementos minerales que su profesional de la salud le recomiende.</p> <p>También necesita más proteínas cuando está embarazada. Las fuentes saludables de proteínas incluyen frijoles, guisantes, huevos, carnes magras, mariscos y nueces y semillas sin sal.</p> <p>Obtener suficientes líquidos es otra necesidad nutricional especial durante el embarazo. Cuando está embarazada, su cuerpo necesita más agua para mantenerse usted y su bebé <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">hidratada</a>. Por eso es importante tomar suficientes líquidos todos los días.</p> <h3>¿Cuánto peso debo subir durante el embarazo?</h3> <p>La cantidad de peso que debe subir depende de su salud y de cuánto pesaba antes de embarazarse:</p> <ul> <li>Si tenía un peso normal antes del embarazo, debería aumentar entre 25 y 30 libras</li> <li>Si tenía bajo peso antes del embarazo, debería ganar más</li> <li>Si tenía sobrepeso u obesidad antes de quedar embarazada, debería aumentar menos de peso</li> </ul> <p>Consulte con su profesional de la salud cuánto aumento de peso es saludable para usted. Debe aumentar de peso en forma gradual durante el embarazo, con la mayor parte del peso ganado en el último trimestre.</p> <h3>¿Necesito consumir más calorías al estar embarazada?</h3> <p>La cantidad de calorías que necesita depende de cuánto debe subir de peso. Su profesional de la salud puede decirle cuál debe ser su meta, en función de su peso antes del embarazo, su edad y la rapidez con la que aumenta de peso. Las recomendaciones generales son:</p> <ul> <li>En el primer trimestre de embarazo, es probable que no necesite calorías adicionales</li> <li>En el segundo trimestre, por lo general necesita cerca de 340 calorías extra </li> <li>En el último trimestre, usted puede necesitar cerca de 450 calorías extra al día </li> <li>Durante las últimas semanas de embarazo, es posible que no necesite calorías adicionales</li> </ul> <p>Tenga en cuenta que no todas las calorías son iguales. Debe comer alimentos saludables que contengan nutrientes, no las llamadas "calorías vacías", como las que se encuentran en los refrescos, dulces y postres.</p> <h3>¿Qué alimentos debo evitar durante el embarazo?</h3> <p>Durante el embarazo, debe evitar:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Alcohol</strong>: No hay una cantidad conocida de alcohol que sea seguro para una mujer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">durante el embarazo</a></li> <li><strong>Pescado que puede tener altos niveles de mercurio</strong>: Limite el atún blanco (albacora) a 6 onzas por semana. No coma blanquillo (lofolátilo), tiburón, pez espada, pez marlín, reloj anaranjado o macarela rey (caballa)</li> <li><strong>Productos que pueden tener gérmenes que causen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos</a></strong>, incluyendo: <ul> <li>Productos del mar ahumados refrigerados como pescado blanco, salmón y caballa</li> <li>Carnes, aves, huevos y mariscos poco cocidos</li> <li>Productos untables de carne refrigerada</li> <li>Ensaladas preparadas en la tienda, como ensalada de pollo, huevo o atún</li> <li>Leche cruda o sin pasteurizar</li> <li>Jugos o sidra no pasteurizados</li> <li>Quesos blandos no pasteurizados, como queso feta, brie, queso blanco, queso fresco y quesos azules no pasteurizados</li> <li>Brotes crudos de cualquier tipo (incluidos alfalfa, trébol, rábano y frijol mungo)</li> <li>Masa para galletas cruda</li> <li>Frutas y verduras sin lavar</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Demasiada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">cafeína</a></strong>: Beber grandes cantidades de cafeína puede ser dañino para su bebé. Para la mayoría de las personas, es mejor limitar la cafeína a menos de 200 mg por día durante el embarazo. Pero primero consulte con su profesional de la salud si debe consumir cafeína</li> </ul> Embarazo y reproducción Alimentos y nutrición Pregnancy and Nutrition Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Embarazo, Nutrición Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos Casa Blanca de los Estados Unidos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Alimentación para personas mayores <h3>¿Qué es la nutrición y por qué es importante para las personas mayores?</h3> <p>Nutrición es consumir una dieta saludable y balanceada para que su cuerpo obtenga los nutrientes que necesita. Los nutrientes son sustancias en los alimentos que nuestros cuerpos necesitan para poder funcionar y crecer. Estos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html">proteínas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html">carbohidratos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfats.html">grasas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">minerales</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drinkingwater.html">agua</a>. </p> <p>La buena nutrición es importante, sin importar su edad. Le entrega energía y puede ayudar a controlar su peso. También puede ayudar a prevenir enfermedades, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">hipertensión arterial</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a> y algunos tipos de cáncer.</p> <p>Pero a medida que envejece, su cuerpo y su vida cotidiana cambia, lo mismo lo que usted necesita para mantener su salud. Por ejemplo, puede necesitar menos calorías, pero de todas formas requiere suficientes nutrientes. Algunos adultos mayores necesitan más proteínas. </p> <h3>¿Qué cosas pueden dificultar que coma saludable a medida que envejezco?</h3> <p>Algunos cambios que ocurren a medida que envejece pueden hacer más difícil que usted coma saludable. Estos incluyen cambios en su:</p> <ul> <li>Hogar: Si es que de repente se queda viviendo solo o tiene problemas para moverse Salud: Puede tener problemas para cocinar o para alimentarse</li> <li>Medicamentos: Pueden cambiar cómo percibe el sabor de la comida, causar boca seca o reducir sus ganas de comer</li> <li>Ingresos: Puede que usted no tenga los recursos suficientes para los alimentos</li> <li>Su sentido del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tasteandsmelldisorders.html">olfato y del gusto</a></li> <li>Problemas para mascar o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">tragar</a> los alimentos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo comer saludable a medida que envejezco?</h3> <p>Para mantenerse saludable, usted debe:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Comer alimentos que le entregan muchos nutrientes sin demasiadas calorías extra</strong>, como:</li> <ul> <li>Frutas y vegetales (elija diferentes tipos con colores vivos)</li> <li>Granos integrales, como avena, pan integral y arroz integral</li> <li>Leche descremada y queso bajo en calorías, o leche de arroz o de soya fortificada con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">vitamina D</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a></li> <li>Pescados, mariscos, carnes magras, aves y huevos</li> <li>Frijoles, nueces y semillas</li> </ul> <li><strong>Evite las calorías vacías o huecas</strong>: Estas son alimentos que tienen muchas calorías pero pocos nutrientes, como papas fritas, dulces, productos horneados, bebidas azucaradas y alcohol</li> <li><strong>Prefiera alimentos bajos en colesterol y grasas</strong>: Especialmente evitar los que contienen grasas saturadas y trans. Las saturadas son grasas de origen animal, mientras que las trans son grasas procesadas en margarina y grasa alimentaria. Se pueden encontrar en los productos horneados que se venden en tiendas o alimentos fritos en los restaurantes de comida rápida</li> <li><strong>Tome suficientes líquidos</strong>: No se deshidrate. Algunas personas pierden la capacidad de sentir sed a medida que envejecen. Además, ciertos medicamentos pueden aumentar la importancia de beber suficientes líquidos</li> <li><strong>Haga ejercicio</strong>: Si ha comenzado a perder el apetito, la actividad física puede ayudarle a sentir hambre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué puedo hacer si tengo problemas para alimentarme sanamente?</h3> <p>A veces, las enfermedades u otros problemas pueden dificultar el comer sano. Algunas sugerencias que pueden ayudar son:</p> <ul> <li>Si está cansado de comer solo, intente organizar algunas comidas caseras o cocinar con un amigo. También puede servir tener algunas comidas en un centro para adultos mayores, un centro comunitario o un centro religioso cercano</li> <li>Si tiene problemas para masticar, consulte a su dentista para que lo examine</li> <li>Si tiene problemas para tragar, intente beber muchos líquidos con su comida. Si eso no ayuda, consulte con su proveedor de atención médica. Una afección médica podría estar causando el problema</li> <li>Si tiene problemas para oler y probar su comida, intente agregar color y textura para hacerla más interesante</li> <li>Si no está comiendo lo suficiente, agregue algunos bocadillos saludables a lo largo del día para ayudarle a obtener más nutrientes y calorías</li> <li>Si una enfermedad le dificulta cocinar o alimentarse, consulte a su profesional de la salud. Él o ella puede recomendar un terapeuta ocupacional que puede ayudarle</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</p> Personas mayores Alimentos y nutrición Nutrition for Older Adults Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Salud de las personas mayores Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos <p>Good nutrition is important in keeping people healthy throughout their lives - when they are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewbornnutrition.html">babies</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlernutrition.html">toddlers</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childnutrition.html">children</a>, adults, and then <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html">older adults</a>. It can help people live longer and lower their risk of health problems like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">heart disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>, and more.</p> <p>Good nutrition is about healthy eating. This means regularly choosing healthy foods and beverages. A healthy eating plan should give your body the energy and nutrients that you need every day. Nutrients include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html">proteins</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html">carbohydrates</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fats</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">minerals</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drinkingwater.html">water</a>. The plan should also take into account your preferences, cultural traditions, and budget.</p> <p>Healthy eating does not mean that you have to follow a very strict diet or eat only a few specific types of food. It doesn't mean that you can never eat your favorite foods. You can eat a variety of foods, including less healthy favorites. But it's important not to eat too much of those foods or have them too often. You can balance those foods with healthier foods and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular physical activity</a>.</p> <p>The keys to a healthy eating plan include:</p> <ul> <li>Eating a variety of foods, including vegetables, fruits, and whole-grain products</li> <li>Eating lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, and low-fat dairy products</li> <li>Getting enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html">fiber</a></li> <li>Drinking lots of water</li> <li>Limiting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">salt</a>, added sugars, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>, and saturated fat</li> <li>Making sure that you get enough nutrients, especially <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">vitamin D</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html">potassium</a></li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention </p> Food and Nutrition Wellness and Lifestyle Nutrición Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Nutrition Disorders Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Malay Pashto Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Spanish Tagalog Thai Urdu Vietnamese National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Breastfeeding Calcium Carbohydrates Child Nutrition Cholesterol Dietary Fats Dietary Fiber Dietary Proteins Diets Eating Disorders Food Labeling Food Safety Infant and Newborn Nutrition Malnutrition Minerals Nutrition for Older Adults Nutritional Support Obesity Pregnancy and Nutrition Vegetarian Diet Vitamins Weight Control Food Additives Healthy Eating Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Department of Agriculture Video Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues Harvard School of Public Health Specifics Department of Agriculture Specifics Department of Agriculture Specifics Department of Agriculture Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Men Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Related Issues Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Video Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues NIH Related Issues Department of Agriculture Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Heart Association PDF Easy-to-Read Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics Department of Agriculture Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Food and Drug Administration Start Here Nemours Foundation Specifics Department of Agriculture Test Your Knowledge Department of Agriculture Test Your Knowledge Department of Agriculture Start Here Department of Agriculture Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Specifics Food and Drug Administration PDF Patient Handouts Specifics Food and Drug Administration PDF Patient Handouts Specifics Food and Drug Administration PDF Start Here Department of Agriculture Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Department of Agriculture Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <h3>What is nutrition and why is it important for older adults?</h3> <p>Nutrition is about eating a healthy and balanced diet so your body gets the nutrients that it needs. Nutrients are substances in foods that our bodies need so they can function and grow. They include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html">carbohydrates</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fats</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html">proteins</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">minerals</a>, and water.</p> <p>Good nutrition is important, no matter what your age. It gives you energy and can help you control your weight. It may also help prevent some diseases, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>, and certain cancers.</p> <p>But as you age, your body and life change, and so does what you need to stay healthy. For example, you may need fewer calories, but you still need to get enough nutrients. Some older adults need more protein.</p> <h3>What can make it harder for me to eat healthy as I age?</h3> <p>Some changes that can happen as you age can make it harder for you to eat healthy. These include changes in your:</p><ul> <li>Home life, such as suddenly living alone or having trouble getting around</li> <li>Health, which can make it harder for you to cook or feed yourself</li> <li>Medicines, which can change how food tastes, make your mouth dry, or take away your appetite</li> <li>Income, which means that you may not have as much money for food</li> <li>Sense of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tasteandsmelldisorders.html">smell and taste</a></li> <li>Problems chewing or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">swallowing</a> your food</li> </ul> <h3>How can I eat healthy as I age?</h3> <p>To stay healthy as you age, you should:</p><ul> <li><strong>Eat foods that give you lots of nutrients without a lot of extra calories</strong>, such as <ul> <li>Fruits and vegetables (choose different types with bright colors)</li> <li>Whole grains, like oatmeal, whole-wheat bread, and brown rice</li> <li>Fat-free or low-fat milk and cheese, or soy or rice milk that has added <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">vitamin D</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a></li> <li>Seafood, lean meats, poultry, and eggs</li> <li>Beans, nuts, and seeds</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Avoid empty calories.</strong> These are foods with lots of calories but few nutrients, such as chips, candy, baked goods, soda, and alcohol.</li> <li><strong>Pick foods that are low in cholesterol and fat.</strong> You especially want to try to avoid saturated and trans fats. Saturated fats are usually fats that come from animals. Trans fats are processed fats in stick margarine and vegetable shortening. You may find them in some store-bought baked goods and fried foods at some fast-food restaurants.</li> <li><strong>Drink enough liquids</strong>, so you don't get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydrated</a>. Some people lose their sense of thirst as they age. And certain medicines might make it even more important to have plenty of fluids.</li> <li><strong>Be physically active.</strong> If you have started losing your appetite, exercising may help you to feel hungrier.</li> </ul> <h3>What can I do if I am having trouble eating healthy?</h3> <p>Sometimes health issues or other problems can make it hard to eat healthy. Here are some tips that might help:</p><ul> <li>If you are tired of eating alone, try organizing some potluck meals or cooking with a friend. You can also look into having some meals at a nearby senior center, community center, or religious facility.</li> <li>If you are having trouble chewing, see your dentist to check for problems</li> <li>If you are having trouble swallowing, try drinking plenty of liquids with your meal. If that does not help, check with your health care provider. A health condition or medicine could be causing the problem.</li> <li>If you're having trouble smelling and tasting your food, try adding color and texture to make your food more interesting</li> <li>If you aren't eating enough, add some healthy snacks throughout the day to help you get more nutrients and calories</li> <li>If an illness is making it harder for you to cook or feed yourself, check with your health care provider. He or she may recommend an occupational therapist, who can help you find ways to make it easier.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Older Adults Food and Nutrition Nutrición para personas mayores Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Nutrition Disorders Spanish National Institute on Aging Nutrition Older Adult Health Seniors' Nutrition Find an Expert USAging Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Related Issues Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues NIH Related Issues Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert Meals on Wheels Association of America Specifics Department of Agriculture Health Check Tools Department of Agriculture Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues AGS Health in Aging Foundation Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Artificial feeding Artificial hydration and nutrition Hyperalimentation Parenteral nutrition TPN Tube feeding <p>Nutritional support is therapy for people who cannot get enough nourishment by eating or drinking. You may need it if you :</p><ul> <li>Can't swallow</li> <li>Have problems with your appetite</li> <li>Are severely malnourished</li> <li>Can't absorb nutrients through your digestive system</li> </ul> <p>You receive nutritional support through a needle or catheter placed in your vein or with a feeding tube, which goes into your stomach. </p> Food and Nutrition Nutrición artificial Nutritional Support Spanish Nutrition Artificial Feeding Parenteral Nutrition TPN Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Video Related Issues American Thoracic Society PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Related Issues Oley Foundation PDF Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Specifics American Society for Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition Start Here American Society for Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition Regurgitación <h3>¿Qué son las náuseas y los vómitos?</h3> <p>La náusea es cuando se siente mal del estómago, como si fuera a vomitar. Vomitar es cuando devuelve el contenido del estómago por la boca.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la causa de las náuseas y los vómitos?</h3> <p>Las náuseas y los vómitos pueden ser síntomas de muchas afecciones diferentes, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Náuseas matutinas durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html">Gastroenteritis</a> (infección de sus intestinos) y otras infecciones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html">Migrañas</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motionsickness.html">Mareo</a> (cinetosis)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">Intoxicación alimentaria</a></li> <li>Medicamentos, incluidos los de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a> para el cáncer</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">Reflujo gastroesofágico</a> (ERGE) y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pepticulcer.html">úlceras</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html">Obstrucción intestinal</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuándo es necesario ver a un profesional de la salud por náuseas y vómitos?</h3> <p>Las náuseas y vómitos son comunes. Por lo general, no son serios. Sin embargo, debe comunicarse con su proveedor de atención médica de inmediato si:</p> <ul> <li>Cree que su vómito es por envenenamiento</li> <li>Ha vomitado por más de 24 horas</li> <li>Presenta sangre en el vómito</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">dolor abdominal</a> severo</li> <li>Dolor de cabeza severo y rigidez en el cuello</li> <li>Presenta signos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratación</a>, como boca seca, micción poco frecuente u orina oscura</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa de las náuseas y vómitos?</h3> <p>Su proveedor de atención médica tomará su historia clínica, le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y le realizará un examen físico. El proveedor buscará signos de deshidratación. Es posible que deban hacerle algunas pruebas, incluyendo pruebas de sangre y orina. Las mujeres también pueden tener una prueba de embarazo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las náuseas y vómitos?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos dependen de la causa. A usted pueden tratarle el problema que provoca las náuseas o vómitos. Existen algunos medicamentos que pueden tratar las náuseas y los vómitos. Para casos severos de vómitos, es posible que necesite líquidos adicionales por vía intravenosa (intravenosa).</p> <p>Hay cosas que puede hacer para sentirse mejor:</p> <ul> <li>Tome suficientes líquidos para evitar la deshidratación: Si tiene problemas para retener líquidos, tome pequeñas cantidades de líquidos claros con frecuencia</li> <li>Coma alimentos blandos: No consuma comidas picantes, grasas o saladas</li> <li>Coma comidas más pequeñas con más frecuencia</li> <li>Evite los olores fuertes, ya que a veces pueden provocar náuseas y vómitos</li> <li>Si está embarazada y tiene náuseas matutinas, coma galletas saladas antes de levantarse por la mañana</li> </ul> Sistema digestivo Síntomas Nausea and Vomiting Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades del sistema digestivo Vómito Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>Obesidad significa tener un exceso de grasa en el cuerpo. Se diferencia del sobrepeso, que significa pesar demasiado. El peso puede ser resultado de la masa muscular, los huesos, la grasa y/o el agua en el cuerpo. Ambos términos significan que el peso de una persona es mayor de lo que se considera saludable según su estatura. </p> <p>La obesidad se presenta con el transcurso del tiempo, cuando se ingieren más calorías que aquellas que quema. El equilibrio entre la ingestión de calorías y las calorías que se pierden es diferente en cada persona. Entre los factores que pueden afectar su peso se incluyen la constitución genética, el exceso de comida, el consumo de alimentos ricos en grasas y la falta de actividad física. </p> <p>La obesidad aumenta el riesgo de padecer diabetes, enfermedades cardiacas, derrames cerebrales, artritis y ciertos cánceres. Si usted está obeso, perder por lo menos de 5 a 10% de su peso puede retrasar o prevenir algunas de estas enfermedades. Por ejemplo, si usted pesa 200 libras, el 5 al 10% serían unas 10 a 20 libras. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Alimentos y nutrición Problemas del metabolismo Obesity Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cirugías para la obesidad Control de peso Obesidad en niños Peso corporal Gordura Sobrepeso Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Obesidad infantil <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a> se caracteriza por la acumulación de grasa en el cuerpo. Se diferencia del sobrepeso, que significa pesar más de lo recomendado. Ambos términos significan que el peso de una persona está por encima de lo que se considera saludable según su estatura. Los niños crecen a distintas velocidades, por lo que no siempre es fácil saber cuándo un niño tiene sobrepeso u obesidad. Pídale a su proveedor de atención médica que examine si el peso y la estatura de su hijo se encuentran dentro de lo que se considera saludable. </p> <p>Si es necesario comenzar un programa para bajar de peso, involucre a toda la familia para que su hijo no se sienta solo. Fomente una alimentación saludable al:</p><ul> <li>Servir más frutas y vegetales</li> <li>Comprar menos gaseosas y meriendas altas en calorías y grasas</li> <li>Asegurarse que su hijo tome su desayuno todos los días</li> <li>No comer comida basura en forma frecuente</li> <li>No usar la comida como un premio</li> </ul> <p> La actividad física también es muy importante. Los niños necesitan unos 60 minutos diarios de actividad física, aunque no todos de una vez. Esta puede dividirse en períodos cortos y ser igual de productiva.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Niños y adolescentes Alimentos y nutrición Problemas del metabolismo Obesity in Children Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Control de peso Nutrición del niño Obesidad Peso corporal Adolescentes, Obesidad Obesidad, Chicos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud PDF Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>Obesity means having too much body fat. It is different from being overweight, which means weighing too much. The weight may come from muscle, bone, fat, and/or body water. Both terms mean that a person's weight is greater than what's considered healthy for his or her height. </p> <p>Obesity happens over time when you eat more calories than you use. The balance between calories-in and calories-out differs for each person. Factors that might affect your weight include your genetic makeup, overeating, eating high-fat foods, and not being physically active. </p> <p>Obesity increases your risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and some cancers. If you have obesity, losing even 5 to 10% of your weight can delay or prevent some of these diseases. For example, that means losing 10 to 20 pounds if you weigh 200 pounds.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Food and Nutrition Metabolic Problems Obesidad Obesity Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Body Weight Obesity in Children Weight Control Weight Loss Surgery Overweight Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Health Check Tools National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert Obesity Medicine Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Endocrine Society Specifics American Psychological Association Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Society of Anesthesiologists Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues American College of Gastroenterology PDF Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a> means having too much body fat. It is different from being overweight, which means weighing too much. Both terms mean that a person's weight is greater than what's considered healthy for his or her height. Children grow at different rates, so it isn't always easy to know when a child has obesity or is overweight. Ask your health care provider to check whether your child's weight and height are in a healthy range.</p> <p>If a weight-loss program is necessary, involve the whole family in healthy habits so your child doesn't feel singled out. Encourage healthy eating by:</p><ul> <li>Serving more fruits and vegetables</li> <li>Buying fewer soft drinks and high-fat, high-calorie snack foods</li> <li>Making sure your child eats breakfast every day</li> <li>Eating fast food less often</li> <li>Not using food as a reward</li> </ul> <p>Physical activity is also very important. Kids need about 60 minutes each day. It does not have to happen all at once. Several short periods of activity during the day are just as good.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Children and Teenagers Food and Nutrition Metabolic Problems Obesidad en niños Pediatric Obesity Obesity Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Body Weight Child Nutrition High Cholesterol in Children and Teens Obesity Weight Control Childhood Obesity Prevention and Risk Factors National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Health Check Tools Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Living With American Academy of Pediatrics Prevention and Risk Factors National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Pediatrics Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Center for Health Statistics PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Center for Health Statistics PDF Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Cuerpo extraño en la piel <p>Si alguna vez se le ha incrustado una astilla o tuvo arena en el ojo, usted sabe qué es tener un objeto extraño en alguna parte de su cuerpo. Un objeto extraño es algo que se ha quedado atascado dentro suyo pero no debería estar allí. Usted puede inhalar o tragar un objeto extraño o puede tener uno por una lesión en cualquier parte de su cuerpo. Los objetos extraños son más comunes en los niños, quienes a veces se ponen cosas en la boca, las orejas y nariz. </p> <p>Algunos objetos extraños, como una pequeña astilla, no causan daños graves. Respirar o tragar objetos extraños puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choking.html">asfixia</a> u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intestinalobstruction.html">obstrucción intestinal</a> y pueden requerir atención médica. </p> Lesiones y heridas Foreign Bodies Atragantamiento Heridas y lesiones Primeros auxilios Seguridad Seguridad del niño Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica OCD <h3>What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?</h3> <p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental disorder</a> in which you have thoughts (obsessions) and rituals (compulsions) over and over. They interfere with your life, but you cannot control or stop them.</p> <h3>What causes obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?</h3> <p>The cause of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is unknown. Factors such as genetics, brain biology and chemistry, and your environment may play a role.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?</h3> <p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) usually begins when you are a teen or young adult. Boys often develop OCD at a younger age than girls.</p> <p>Risk factors for OCD include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Family history.</strong> People with a first-degree relative (such as a parent, sibling, or child) who has OCD are at higher risk. This is especially true if the relative developed OCD as a child or teen.</li> <li><strong>Brain structure and functioning.</strong> Imaging studies have shown that people with OCD have differences in certain parts of the brain. Researchers need to do more studies to understand the connection between the brain differences and OCD.</li> <li><strong>Childhood trauma,</strong> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html">child abuse</a>. Some studies have found a link between trauma in childhood and OCD. More research is needed to understand this relationship better.</li> </ul> <p>In some cases, children may develop OCD or OCD symptoms following a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html">streptococcal infection</a>. This is called Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS).</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?</h3> <p>People with OCD may have symptoms of obsessions, compulsions, or both:</p><ul> <li><strong>Obsessions</strong> are repeated thoughts, urges, or mental images that cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>. They may involve things such as <ul> <li>Fear of germs or contamination</li> <li>Fear of losing or misplacing something</li> <li>Worries about harm coming towards yourself or others</li> <li>Unwanted forbidden thoughts involving sex or religion</li> <li>Aggressive thoughts towards yourself or others</li> <li>Needing things lined up exactly or arranged in a particular, precise way</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Compulsions</strong> are behaviors that you feel like you need to do over and over to try to reduce your anxiety or stop the obsessive thoughts. Some common compulsions include <ul> <li>Excessive cleaning and/or handwashing</li> <li>Repeatedly checking on things, such as whether the door is locked or the oven is off</li> <li>Compulsive counting</li> <li>Ordering and arranging things in a particular, precise way</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p>Some people with OCD also have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tourettesyndrome.html">Tourette syndrome</a> or another tic disorder. Tics are sudden twitches, movements, or sounds that people do over and over. People who have tics cannot stop their body from doing these things.</p> <h3>How is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) diagnosed?</h3> <p>The first step is to talk with your health care provider about your symptoms. It's important to check whether a physical problem is causing your symptoms. So your provider will do a physical exam and will ask you about your medical history. If your symptoms do not seem to be caused by a physical problem, your provider may do an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd-test/">OCD test</a> or may refer you to a mental health specialist for further evaluation or treatment.</p> <p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can sometimes be hard to diagnose. Its symptoms are like those of other mental disorders, such as anxiety disorders. It is also possible to have both OCD and another mental disorder.</p> <p>Not everyone who has obsessions or compulsions has OCD. Your symptoms would usually be considered OCD when you:</p><ul> <li>Can't control your thoughts or behaviors, even when you know that they are excessive</li> <li>Spend at least 1 hour a day on these thoughts or behaviors</li> <li>Don't get pleasure when performing the behaviors. But doing them may briefly give you relief from the anxiety.</li> <li>Have significant problems in your daily life because of these thoughts or behaviors</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?</h3> <p>The main treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are cognitive behavioral therapy, medicines, or both:</p><ul> <li><strong>Cognitive behavioral therapy</strong> (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy. It teaches you different ways of thinking, behaving, and reacting to your obsessions and compulsions. <ul> <li><strong>Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)</strong> s a specific type of CBT. ERP involves gradually exposing you to your fears or obsessions. You learn healthy ways to deal with the anxiety they cause.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> for OCD include certain types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">antidepressants</a>. If those don't work for you, your provider may suggest taking some other type of psychiatric medicine.</li> </ul> <p>If you have severe OCD that does not get better with these treatments, your provider may suggest a treatment called repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). It is a brain stimulation procedure that uses magnetic waves. It can target specific brain areas associated with OCD.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health </p> Mental Health and Behavior Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Hoarding OCD Find an Expert American Psychiatric Association Find an Expert Anxiety and Depression Association of America Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues International OCD Foundation Find an Expert Anxiety and Depression Association of America Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues International OCD Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Mental Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Oclusión intestinal Seudoobstrucción intestinal Vólvulo intestinal Íleo <p>Una obstrucción intestinal ocurre cuando la comida o las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelmovement.html">heces</a> no pueden salir del intestino. La obstrucción puede ser completa o parcial. Hay muchas causas. Las más comunes son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/adhesions.html">adherencias</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hernia.html">hernias</a>, cánceres y algunas medicinas.</p> <p>Los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor abdominal severo o retorcijones </li> <li>Vómitos </li> <li>Inflamación </li> <li>Gases fuertes </li> <li>Hinchazón del vientre </li> <li>Incapacidad para eliminar gases </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">Estreñimiento</a></li> </ul> <p>Una obstrucción intestinal completa es una emergencia médica. En general, se necesita cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema digestivo Intestinal Obstruction Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Adherencias Enfermedades del colon Enfermedades del intestino delgado Intestino, Obstrucción Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. <p>Occupational health problems occur at work or because of the kind of work you do. These problems can include:</p><ul> <li>Cuts, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fractures</a> (broken bones), and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">sprains and strains</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html">Loss of limbs</a></li> <li>Repetitive motion disorders</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">Hearing problems</a> caused by exposure to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/noise.html">noise</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Vision problems</a></li> <li>Illness caused by breathing, touching, or swallowing unsafe substances</li> <li>Illness caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html">exposure to radiation</a></li> <li>Exposure to germs in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealthforhealthcareproviders.html">health care settings</a></li> </ul> <p>Good job safety and prevention practices can reduce your risk of these problems. Try to stay fit, reduce stress, set up your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ergonomics.html">work area</a> properly, and use the right equipment and gear.</p> Wellness and Lifestyle Safety Issues Salud ocupacional Accidents, Occupational Occupational Stress Occupational Injuries Occupational Diseases Occupational Exposure Spanish Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Ergonomics Occupational Health for Health Care Providers Employee Health Occupational Injuries Specifics National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Specifics National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Occupational Safety and Health Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Occupational Safety and Health Administration Specifics Occupational Safety and Health Administration PDF Specifics American Lung Association Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Specifics National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Occupational Safety and Health Administration Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert Occupational Safety and Health Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PDF Prevention and Risk Factors Occupational Safety and Health Administration PDF Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Rural Health Information Hub Specifics American Lung Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Bureau of Labor Statistics Specifics Occupational Safety and Health Administration PDF Specifics National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Start Here National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Start Here National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration PDF <p>Health care workers are exposed to many job hazards. These can include :</p><ul> <li> Infections</li> <li>Needle injuries</li> <li> Back injuries</li> <li> Allergy-causing substances</li> <li> Violence</li> <li> Stress</li> </ul> <p>Follow good job safety and injury prevention practices. They can reduce your risk of health problems. Use protective equipment, follow <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectioncontrol.html">infection control</a> guidelines, learn the right way to lift heavy objects, and find ways to manage stress. </p> <p class="">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</p> Safety Issues Health System Salud ocupacional de proveedores de salud Health Occupations Occupational Health Occupational Exposure Spanish Infection Control Latex Allergy Occupational Health Blood-Borne Pathogens Cross Infection Hospital-Acquired Infections Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PDF Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Start Here Occupational Safety and Health Administration Specifics Occupational Safety and Health Administration PDF Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert Occupational Safety and Health Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Statistics and Research Occupational Safety and Health Administration <p>Oil spills often happen because of accidents, when people make mistakes or equipment breaks down. Other causes include natural disasters or deliberate acts. Oil spills have major environmental and economic effects.</p> <p>Oil spills can also <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/environmentalhealth.html">affect human health</a>. These effects can depend on what kind of oil was spilled and where (on land, in a river, or in the ocean). Other factors include what kind of exposure and how much exposure there was. People who clean up the spill are more at risk. Problems could include skin and eye irritation, neurologic and breathing problems, and stress. Not much is known about the long-term effects of oil spills. </p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Disasters Derrame de petróleo Petroleum Pollution Spanish National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Gulf Oil Spill Learn More Federal Emergency Management Agency Learn More National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Learn More National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Journal Articles Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>People in the U.S. are living longer than ever before. Many older adults live active and healthy lives. But there's no getting around one thing: as we age, our bodies and minds change. You need to know what to expect. Some changes may just be part of normal aging, while others may be a warning sign of a medical problem. It is important to know the difference, and to let your health care provider know if you have any concerns.</p> <p>Having a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyaging.html">healthy lifestyle</a> can help you to deal with normal aging changes and make the most of your life. This includes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionforolderadults.html">healthy eating</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseforolderadults.html">regular physical activity</a>, and making <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/olderadultmentalhealth.html">mental health</a> a priority.</p> Older Adults Population Groups Salud de las personas mayores Aging Spanish National Institute on Aging Advance Directives Assisted Living Caregivers End of Life Issues Exercise for Older Adults Healthy Aging Home Care Services Medicare Nursing Homes Nutrition for Older Adults Older Adult Mental Health Aging Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert USAging Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert AGS Health in Aging Foundation Find an Expert American Geriatrics Society Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Reference Desk Merck & Co., Inc. Treatments and Therapies AGS Health in Aging Foundation Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Administration for Community Living Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Start Here American Geriatrics Society Related Issues AGS Health in Aging Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues Administration for Community Living PDF Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Adult Protective Services Association Start Here AGS Health in Aging Foundation Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Videos and Tutorials National Institute on Aging Video NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF Statistics and Research Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics Journal Articles Specifics AGS Health in Aging Foundation Related Issues AGS Health in Aging Foundation Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Administration for Community Living Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Eye Institute PDF NIH Men AGS Health in Aging Foundation PDF Specifics AGS Health in Aging Foundation Men National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Senior mental health <p>Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act as we cope with life. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, including as we age.</p> <p>Many older adults are at risk for mental health problems. But this does not mean that mental health problems are a normal part of aging. Studies show that most older adults feel satisfied with their lives, even though they may have more illnesses or physical problems.</p> <p>Sometimes, however, important life changes can make you feel uneasy, stressed, and sad. These changes could include the death of a loved one, retirement, or dealing with a serious illness. Many older adults will eventually adjust to the changes. But some people will have more trouble adjusting. This can put them at risk for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental disorders</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>.</p> <p>It's important to recognize and treat mental disorders in older adults. These disorders don't just cause mental suffering. They can also make it harder for you to manage other health problems. This is especially true if those health problems are chronic.</p> <p>Some of the warning signs of mental disorders in older adults include:</p><ul> <li>Changes in mood or energy level</li> <li>A change in your eating or sleeping habits</li> <li>Withdrawing from the people and activities you enjoy</li> <li>Feeling unusually confused, forgetful, angry, upset, worried, or scared</li> <li>Feeling numb or like nothing matters</li> <li>Having unexplained aches and pains</li> <li>Feeling sadness or hopelessness</li> <li>Smoking, drinking, or using drugs more than usual</li> <li>Anger, irritability, or aggressiveness</li> <li>Having thoughts and memories that you can't get out of your head</li> <li>Hearing voices or believing things that are not true</li> <li>Thinking of harming yourself or others</li> </ul> <p>If you think that you may have a mental health problem, get help. Talk therapy and/or medicines can treat mental disorders. If you don't know where to start, contact your primary care provider.</p> Mental Health and Behavior Older Adults Salud mental de las personas mayores Mental Health Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Mental Health Older Adult Health Emotional Health Mental Health, Older Adults Seniors' Mental Health Diagnosis and Tests Administration for Community Living PDF Related Issues National Center for PTSD Specifics AGS Health in Aging Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry Specifics National Institute on Aging NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Statistics and Research World Health Organization Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institute on Aging NIH <h3>What are opioids?</h3> <p>Opioids, sometimes called narcotics, are a type of drug. They include strong prescription <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a> such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and tramadol. The illegal drug <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html">heroin</a> is also an opioid.</p> <p>A health care provider may give you a prescription opioid to reduce pain after you have had a major injury or surgery. You may get them if you have severe pain from health conditions like cancer. Some providers prescribe them for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">chronic pain</a>.</p> <p>Prescription opioids used for pain relief are generally safe when taken for a short time and as prescribed by your provider. However, people who take opioids are at risk for <a href="opioidmisuseandaddiction.html" tid="6431">opioid use disorder (OUD)</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html">overdose</a>. These risks increase when these medicines are misused. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html">Misuse</a> can include taking more than your prescribed dose or taking it more often, using it to get high, or taking someone else's opioids.</p> <h3>What is an opioid overdose?</h3> <p>Opioids affect the part of the brain that regulates breathing. When people take high doses of opioids, it can lead to an overdose, with the slowing or stopping of breathing and sometimes death.</p> <h3>What causes an opioid overdose?</h3> <p>An opioid overdose can happen for a variety of reasons, including if you:</p><ul> <li>Take an opioid to get high.</li> <li>Take an extra dose of a prescription opioid or take it too often (either accidentally or on purpose).</li> <li>Mix an opioid with other medicines, illegal drugs, or alcohol. An overdose can be fatal when mixing an opioid and certain anxiety treatment medicines, such as Xanax or Valium.</li> <li>Take an opioid medicine that was prescribed for someone else. Children are especially at risk of an accidental overdose if they take medicine not intended for them.</li> </ul> <p>There is also a risk of overdose if you are getting medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). MOUD is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html">treatment for OUD</a>. Many of the medicines used for MOUD are also controlled substances that can be misused.</p> <h3>Who is at risk of an opioid overdose?</h3> <p>Anyone who takes an opioid can be at risk of an overdose, but you are at higher risk if you:</p><ul> <li>Take illegal opioids</li> <li>Take more opioid medicine than you are prescribed</li> <li>Combine opioids with other medicines and/or alcohol</li> <li>Have certain medical conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">sleep apnea</a>, or reduced <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney </a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver</a> function</li> <li>Are over 65 years old</li> </ul> <h3>What are the signs of an opioid overdose?</h3> <p>The signs of an opioid overdose include:</p> <ul> <li>Very small pupils of the eyes</li> <li>Falling asleep or loss of consciousness</li> <li>Slow, shallow breathing</li> <li>Choking or gurgling sounds</li> <li>Vomiting</li> <li>Limp body</li> <li>Pale, blue, or cold skin</li> <li>Faint heartbeat</li> <li>Purple lips and fingernails</li> </ul> <h3>What should I do if I think that someone is having an opioid overdose?</h3> <p>If you think someone is having an opioid overdose:</p><ul> <li><strong>Call 911 immediately</strong>.</li> <li>Give the person naloxone, if it is available. Naloxone is a safe medication that can quickly stop an opioid overdose. There are two forms. One is a nasal spray that you spray info the nose. The other type is injected into the muscle under the skin, or into the veins. Naloxone works by blocking the effects of the opioids on the body. It's important to read the product instructions and check the expiration date before you give it to someone.</li> <li>Try to keep the person awake and breathing.</li> <li>Lay the person on their side to prevent choking.</li> <li>Stay with the person until emergency workers arrive.</li> </ul> <p>Naloxone won't harm someone if they're overdosing on drugs other than opioids, so it's best to use it if you think someone is overdosing.</p> <h3>Can an opioid overdose be prevented?</h3> <p>If you are taking opioid pain medicine, there are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/safeopioiduse.html">steps you can take</a> to help prevent an opioid overdose:</p> <ul> <li>Take your medicine exactly as prescribed by your provider. Do not take more medicine at once or take medicine more often than you are supposed to.</li> <li>Never mix the pain medicines with alcohol, sleeping pills, or illegal substances.</li> <li>Store your medicine safely where children or pets can't reach it. Consider using a medicine lockbox. Besides keeping children safe, it also prevents someone who lives with you or visits your house from stealing your medicines.</li> <li>Dispose of unused medicine promptly.</li> </ul> <p>It is also important to teach your family and friends how to respond to an overdose. If you are at higher risk of an overdose, you will want get naloxone and carry it with you wherever you go. You can buy naloxone at a pharmacy.</p> Substance Use and Disorders Sobredosis de opioides Opioid-Related Disorders Drug Overdose Opiate Overdose Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute on Drug Abuse Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Treatment Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Prescription Drug Misuse Safe Opioid Use Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine Video NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Infographic Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research World Health Organization Specifics Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Teenagers Children American Academy of Pediatrics Video Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) Opioid abuse and addiction treatment <h3>What are opioids?</h3> <p>Opioids, sometimes called narcotics, are a type of drug. They include strong prescription <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a>, such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and tramadol. The illegal drug heroin is also an opioid.</p> <p>A health care provider may give you a prescription opioid to reduce pain after you have had a major injury or surgery. You may get them if you have severe pain from health conditions like cancer. Some health care providers prescribe them for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">chronic pain</a>.</p> <p>Prescription opioids used for pain relief are generally safe when taken for a short time and as prescribed by your provider. However, <a href="opioidmisuseandaddiction.html" tid="6431">opioid use disorder (OUD)</a> is still a possible risk.</p> <h3>What is opioid use disorder (OUD)?</h3> <p>Opioid use disorder (OUD) means that you have a problematic pattern of using opioids. The pattern causes a lot of distress and impairment (meaning that it causes problems in and interferes with your daily life). Instead of OUD, sometimes people use the terms "opioid dependence" and "opioid addiction." Dependence means feeling withdrawal symptoms when not taking the drug. Addiction is a chronic brain disease that causes a person to compulsively seek out drugs, even though they cause harm. </p> <h3>What are the treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD)?</h3> <p>Treatments for OUD include:</p><ul> <li>Medicines; this kind of treatment is known as medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)</li> <li>Counseling and behavioral therapies</li> <li>Residential and hospital-based treatment</li> </ul> <h3>Which medicines treat opioid opioid use disorder (OUD)?</h3> <p>The medicines used in MOUD are methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone:</p> <ul> <li><p><strong>Methadone, buprenorphine, and lofexidine,</strong> which can decrease withdrawal symptoms and cravings. They work by acting on one or another of the targets in the brain that opioids act on. But these medicines are different because they do not make you feel high. Some people worry that if they take methadone or buprenorphine, it means that they are substituting one addiction for another. But it is not; these medicines are a treatment. They restore balance to the parts of the brain affected by addiction. This allows your brain to heal while you work toward recovery.</p> <p>You may safely take these medicines for months, years, or even a lifetime. If you want to stop taking them, do not do it on your own. You should contact your provider first, and together you can work out a plan for stopping.</p></li> <li><p><strong>Naltrexone</strong> works differently than methadone and buprenorphine. It does not help you with withdrawal symptoms or cravings. Instead, it takes away the high that you would normally get when you take opioids. Because of this, you would take naltrexone to prevent a relapse, not to try to get off opioids. You have to be off opioids for at least 7-10 days before you can take naltrexone. Otherwise you could have bad withdrawal symptoms.</p></li> <li><p>A <strong>combination drug</strong> that includes buprenorphine and naloxone. Naloxone is a drug to treat an opioid overdose. If you take it along with buprenorphine, you will be less likely to misuse the buprenorphine.</p></li> </ul> <h3>How does counseling help treat opioid use disorder (OUD)?</h3> <p>Counseling for OUD can help you:</p><ul> <li>Change your attitudes and behaviors related to drug use</li> <li>Build healthy life skills</li> <li>Stick with other forms of treatment, such as medicines</li> </ul> <p>There are different types of counseling for OUD, including:</p><ul> <li><strong>Individual counseling</strong>, which may include setting goals, talking about setbacks, and celebrating progress. You may also talk about legal concerns and family problems. Counseling often includes specific behavioral therapies, such as</li> <ul> <li><strong>Cognitive-behavioral therapy</strong> (CBT), which helps you recognize and stop negative patterns of thinking and behavior. It teaches you coping skills, including how to manage stress and change the thoughts that cause you to want to misuse opioids.</li> <li><strong>Motivational enhancement therapy</strong>, which helps you build up motivation to stick with your treatment plan.</li> <li><strong>Contingency management</strong>, which focuses on giving you incentives for positive behaviors such as staying off the opioids.</li> </ul> <li><strong>Group counseling</strong>, which can help you feel that you are not alone with your issues. You get a chance to hear about the difficulties and successes of others who have the same challenges. This can help you learn new strategies for dealing with the situations you may come across.</li> <li><strong>Family counseling</strong>, which includes partners or spouses and other family members who are close to you. It can help to repair and improve your family relationships.</li> </ul> <p>Counselors can also refer you to other resources that you might need, such as:</p><ul> <li>Peer support groups, including 12-step programs like Narcotics Anonymous</li> <li>Spiritual and faith-based groups</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hiv-screening-test/">HIV testing</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hepatitis-panel/">hepatitis screening</a></li> <li>Case or care management</li> <li>Employment or educational supports</li> <li>Organizations that help you find housing or transportation</li> </ul> <h3>What are residential and hospital-based treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD)?</h3> <p>Residential programs combine housing and treatment services. You are living with your peers, and you can support each other to stay in recovery. Inpatient hospital-based programs combine health care and OUD treatment services for people with medical problems. Hospitals may also offer intensive outpatient treatment. All these types of treatments are very structured, and usually include several different kinds of counseling and behavioral therapies. They usually also include MOUD.</p> Substance Use and Disorders Tratamiento del trastorno por consumo de opioides Opioid-Related Disorders drug therapy Opioid-Related Disorders rehabilitation Spanish National Institute on Drug Abuse Opioid Overdose Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Prescription Drug Misuse Opioid Abuse and Addiction Treatment NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine Video NIH Specifics Food and Drug Administration Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Infographic Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Start Here Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Journal Articles Specifics Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Specifics Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Abuso de hidrocodona (Vicodina), oxicodona (OxyContin, Percocet), morfina Abuso y adicción de opioides Abuso y adicción de opiáceos <h3>¿Qué son los opioides?</h3> <p>Los opioides, a veces llamados narcóticos u opiáceos, son un tipo de droga. Incluyen fuertes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> recetados como oxicodona, hidrocodona, fentanilo y tramadol. La droga ilegal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html">heroína</a> también es un opioide. Algunos opioides están hechos de la planta del opio y otros son sintéticos (hechos por el hombre).</p> <p>Un profesional de la salud puede recetar un opioide para reducir el dolor después de haber tenido una lesión seria o una cirugía. Puede obtenerlos si tiene un dolor intenso debido a problemas de salud como el cáncer. Algunos proveedores los recetan para el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">dolor crónico</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos secundarios y los riesgos de los opioides?</h3> <p>Los opioides pueden causar efectos secundarios como somnolencia, niebla mental, náuseas y estreñimiento. También pueden provocar una respiración más lenta, lo que puede provocar la muerte por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidoverdose.html">sobredosis</a>.</p> <p>Si una persona tiene signos de una sobredosis, llame al 911. Estos signos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Pupilas de los ojos muy pequeñas</li> <li>Quedarse dormido o perder el conocimiento</li> <li>Respiración lenta y superficial</li> <li>Sonidos de asfixia o gorgoteo</li> <li>Vómitos</li> <li>Cuerpo flácido</li> <li>Piel pálida, azulada o fría</li> <li>Latidos cardíacos débiles</li> <li>Labios y uñas morados</li> </ul> <p>Cuando se usan opioides, también existe el riesgo de trastorno por consumo de opioides.</p> <h3>¿Qué es el trastorno por consumo de opioides?</h3> <p>El trastorno por consumo de opioides significa que usted tiene un patrón problemático de uso de opioides. Este patrón causa mucha angustia y discapacidad (es decir, causa problemas e interfiere con su vida diaria). En vez de trastorno por consumo de opioides, a veces las personas lo llaman "dependencia de opioides" y "adicción a opioides". La dependencia significa sentir síntomas de abstinencia cuando no está tomando la droga. La adicción es una enfermedad cerebral crónica que hace que una persona busque drogas compulsivamente, aunque le causen daño.</p> <p>El riesgo de trastorno por consumo de opioides es mayor si hace un uso indebido de los medicamentos. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html">uso indebido</a> puede incluir tomar más de la dosis recetada o tomarla más seguido, usarla para drogarse o tomar los opioides de otra persona.</p> <p>El trastorno por consumo de opioides y las sobredosis son problemas graves de salud pública en los Estados Unidos. A medida que más personas usan indebidamente de los opioides, más mujeres <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">abusan de los opioides durante el embarazo</a>. Esto puede significar riesgos para la salud de la madre y el bebé. El bebé puede nacer con síndrome de abstinencia neonatal. Este es un grupo de síntomas de abstinencia que tiene un bebé después de haber estado expuesto a drogas durante el embarazo.</p> <p>Otro problema con el aumento del uso indebido de opioides es que también puede causar un mayor uso de heroína. Hay algunas personas que cambian los opioides recetados por la heroína porque la heroína puede ser más barata y fácil de conseguir.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se trata el trastorno por consumo de opioides y la sobredosis de opioides?</h3> <p>Existen medicamentos efectivos para tratar el trastorno por consumo de opioides. Los medicamentos para el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html">trastorno por consumo de opioides</a> pueden ayudar a dejar la droga, superar la abstinencia y hacer frente a los deseos por consumirla. A menudo se combina con terapia conductual y consejería. Tener el apoyo de familiares y amigos también puede ayudar.</p> <p>También existe un medicamento llamado naloxona que puede tratar las sobredosis de opioides. Puede revertir los efectos de la sobredosis y prevenir la muerte si se administra rápidamente.</p> <h3>¿Cómo prevenir problemas al tomar opioides recetados?</h3> <p>Para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safeopioiduse.html">prevenir problemas con los opioides recetados</a>, asegúrese de seguir las instrucciones de su profesional de la salud cuando los tome. No comparta sus medicamentos con nadie más. Hable con su proveedor de atención de salud si tiene alguna inquietud sobre cómo tomar los medicamentos.</p> <p></p><p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas </p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Embarazo y el uso de opioides Heroína Sobredosis de opioides Tratamiento del trastorno por consumo de opioides Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados Uso seguro de opioides Opioides, Abuso y adicción Opiáceos, Abuso y adicción Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Opioid abuse Opioid addiction Opioid misuse <h3>What are opioids?</h3> <p>Opioids, sometimes called narcotics, are a type of drug. They include strong prescription <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a> such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and tramadol. The illegal drug <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html">heroin</a> is also an opioid. Some opioids are made from the opium plant, and others are synthetic (man-made).</p> <p>A health care provider may give you a prescription opioid to reduce pain after you have had a major injury or surgery. You may get them if you have severe pain from health conditions like cancer. Some providers prescribe them for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">chronic pain</a>.</p> <h3>What are the side effects and risks of opioids?</h3> <p>Opioids can cause side effects such as drowsiness, mental fog, nausea, and constipation. They may also cause slowed breathing, which can lead to overdose deaths. If someone has signs of an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html">overdose</a>, call 911. These signs may include:</p> <ul> <li>Very small pupils of the eyes</li> <li>Falling asleep or loss of consciousness</li> <li>Slow, shallow breathing</li> <li>Choking or gurgling sounds</li> <li>Vomiting</li> <li>Limp body</li> <li>Pale, blue, or cold skin</li> <li>Faint heartbeat</li> <li>Purple lips and fingernails</li> </ul> <p>When using opioids, there is also a risk of opioid use disorder (OUD).</p> <h3>What is opioid use disorder (OUD)?</h3> <p>Opioid use disorder (OUD) means that you have a problematic pattern of using opioids. The pattern causes a lot of distress and impairment (meaning that it causes problems in and interferes with your daily life). Instead of OUD, sometimes people use the terms "opioid dependence" and "opioid addiction." Dependence means feeling withdrawal symptoms when not taking the drug. Addiction is a chronic brain disease that causes a person to compulsively seek out drugs, even though they cause harm.</p> <p>The risk of OUD is higher if you <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html">misuse the medicines</a>. Misuse can include taking more than your prescribed dose or taking it more often, using it to get high, or taking someone else's opioids.</p> <p>Opioid use disorder and overdoses are serious public health problems in the United States. As more people misuse opioids, more women are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandopioids.html">misusing opioids during pregnancy</a>. This can lead to health risks for the mother and baby. The baby may be born with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). NAS is a group of withdrawal symptoms that a baby has after being exposed to drugs during pregnancy.</p> <p>Another problem with increased opioid misuse is that it can also lead to more heroin use. There are some people who switch from prescription opioids to heroin because heroin may be cheaper and easier to get.</p> <h3>How are opioid use disorder (OUD) and opioid overdose treated?</h3> <p>There are effective medicines to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html">treat OUD</a>. Using medicines to treat OUD is called medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). MOUD can help you stop using the drug, get through withdrawal, and cope with cravings. It is often combined with behavioral therapy and counseling. Having support from family and friends can also help.</p> <p>There is also a medicine called naloxone which can treat opioid overdoses. It can reverse the effects of the overdose and prevent death if it is given quickly.</p> <h3>How can I prevent problems when taking prescription opioids?</h3> <p>To <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/safeopioiduse.html">prevent problems with prescription opioids</a>, be sure to follow your doctor's instructions when taking them. Do not share your medicines with anyone else. Contact your doctor if you have any concerns about taking the medicines.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse</p> Substance Use and Disorders Opioides y trastorno por consumo de opioides Opioid-Related Disorders Prescription Drug Misuse Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute on Drug Abuse Heroin Opioid Overdose Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Treatment Pregnancy and Opioids Prescription Drug Misuse Safe Opioid Use Opiates Opioid Abuse and Addiction NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Drug Enforcement Administration Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics National Institute on Drug Abuse Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine Video NIH Images Drug Enforcement Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Drug Enforcement Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Drug Enforcement Administration Find an Expert National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Video Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Related Issues National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Children Partnership to End Addiction Find an Expert Partnership to End Addiction Specifics National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Journal Articles Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration <p>The optic nerve is a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers that carry visual messages. You have one connecting the back of each eye (your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldisorders.html">retina</a>) to your brain. Damage to an optic nerve can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">vision loss</a>. The type of vision loss and how severe it is depends on where the damage occurs. It may affect one or both eyes.</p> <p>There are many different types of optic nerve disorders, including:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html">Glaucoma</a> is a group of diseases that are the leading cause of blindness in the United States. Glaucoma usually happens when the fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises and damages the optic nerve.</li> <li>Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve. Causes include infections and immune-related illnesses such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html">multiple sclerosis</a>. Sometimes the cause is unknown.</li> <li>Optic nerve atrophy is damage to the optic nerve. Causes include poor blood flow to the eye, disease, trauma, or exposure to toxic substances.</li> <li>Optic nerve head drusen are pockets of protein and calcium salts that build up in the optic nerve over time</li> </ul> <p>Contact your health care provider if you are having vision problems. Tests for optic nerve disorders may include eye exams, ophthalmoscopy (an examination of the back of your eye), and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>. Treatment depends on which disorder that you have. With some optic nerve disorders, you may get your vision back. With others, there is no treatment, or treatment may only prevent further vision loss.</p> Eyes and Vision Trastornos del nervio óptico Optic Nerve Diseases Optic Nerve Injuries Spanish National Eye Institute Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Eye Institute NIH Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Diagnosis and Tests Glaucoma Research Foundation Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Videos and Tutorials National Eye Institute Video NIH <h3>What is oral cancer? </h3> <p>Oral cancer is cancer of the mouth. It is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html">head and neck cancer</a>. Most oral cancers are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/head-and-neck-squamous-cell-carcinoma/">squamous cell cancers</a>. They begin in the flat cells that cover the surfaces of your mouth, tongue, and lips. The cancer cells may spread into deeper tissue as the cancer grows.</p> <p>Most oral cancers are related to tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, or an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html">HPV infection</a>.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop oral cancer?</h3> <p>Anyone can get oral cancer, but you are more likely to develop it if you:</p> <ul> <li>Use tobacco or drink lots of alcohol. Your risk of developing oral cancer is even higher if you do both.</li> <li>Are male.</li> <li>Are over ago 40.</li> <li>Have HPV.</li> <li>Have a history of head or neck cancer.</li> <li>Get frequent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">sun exposure</a> (for lip cancer).</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of oral cancer?</h3> <p>The symptoms of oral cancer may include:</p> <ul> <li>A white or red patch in your mouth</li> <li>A lip or mouth sore that won't heal</li> <li>Bleeding, pain, or numbness in the lip or mouth</li> <li>Loose teeth or dentures that no longer fit well</li> <li>Problems or pain with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">swallowing</a></li> <li>A lump in your neck</li> <li>Ear pain</li> <li>Trouble moving your mouth or jaw</li> <li>Swelling of the jaw</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html">sore throat</a> or feeling that something is caught in the throat</li> </ul> <p>If you have any of these symptoms for more than two weeks, see your health care provider or dentist. Oral cancer can spread quickly, so it's important to find it early.</p> <h3>How is oral cancer diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have oral cancer, your provider may use:</p> <ul> <li>A physical exam of the lips and mouth.</li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html">endoscopy</a>.</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a> or other procedure to collect cells from the lip or oral cavity. The cells are viewed under a microscope to find out if they are abnormal.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Imaging tests</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for oral cancer?</h3> <p>The treatments for oral cancer include surgery, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation therapy</a>, or both. After surgery, some people also need <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a> to kill any cancer cells that are left.</p> <h3>Can oral cancer be prevented?</h3> <p>There are steps you can take to help prevent oral cancer:</p> <ul> <li>Not smoking</li> <li>Limiting alcohol use or not drinking at all</li> <li>Getting regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dental-exam/">dental exams</a></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Mouth and Teeth Cáncer oral Mouth Neoplasms Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hmong Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Mouth Disorders Salivary Gland Cancer Throat Cancer Mouth Cancer Tongue Cancer Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Find an Expert American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With American Cancer Society Related Issues Merck & Co., Inc. Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF Start Here Oral Cancer Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Journal Articles Living With American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society <p>Organ donation takes healthy organs and tissues from one person for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">transplantation</a> into another. Experts say that the organs from one donor can save or help as many as 50 people. Organs you can donate include:</p><ul> <li>Internal organs: Kidneys, heart, liver, pancreas, intestines, lungs </li> <li>Skin </li> <li>Bone and bone marrow </li> <li>Cornea</li> </ul> <p>Most organ and tissue donations occur after the donor has died. But some organs and tissues can be donated while the donor is alive.</p> <p>People of all ages and background can be organ donors. If you are under age 18, your parent or guardian must give you permission to become a donor. If you are 18 or older you can show you want to be a donor by signing a donor card. You should also let your family know your wishes.</p> <p class="">Health Resources and Services Administration</p> Transplantation and Donation Donación de órganos Unrelated Donors Living Donors Tissue Donors Spanish Blood Transfusion and Donation Bone Marrow Transplantation Heart Transplantation Islet Cell Transplantation Kidney Transplantation Liver Transplantation Lung Transplantation Organ Transplantation Pancreas Transplantation Stem Cells Donors Tissue Donation Specifics United Network for Organ Sharing Related Issues American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Health Resources and Services Administration Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here Health Resources and Services Administration Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Reference Desk United Network for Organ Sharing Related Issues United Network for Organ Sharing Journal Articles Start Here Health Resources and Services Administration <p>You may need an organ transplant if one of your organs has failed. This can happen because of illness or injury. When you have an organ transplant, doctors remove an organ from another person and place it in your body. The organ may come from a living donor or a donor who has died.</p> <p>The organs that can be transplanted include:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearttransplantation.html">Heart</a> </li> <li> Intestine </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytransplantation.html">Kidney</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livertransplantation.html">Liver</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html">Lung</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreastransplantation.html">Pancreas</a> </li> </ul> <p>You often have to wait a long time for an organ transplant. Doctors must match donors to recipients to reduce the risk of transplant rejection. Rejection happens when your immune system attacks the new organ. If you have a transplant, you must take drugs the rest of your life to help keep your body from rejecting the new organ.</p> Transplantation and Donation Trasplante de órganos Organ Transplantation Spanish Heart Transplantation Kidney Transplantation Liver Transplantation Lung Transplantation Organ Donation Pancreas Transplantation Transplantation Living With United Network for Organ Sharing Specifics United Network for Organ Sharing Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues United Network for Organ Sharing Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Reference Desk United Network for Organ Sharing Find an Expert Health Resources and Services Administration Start Here Health Resources and Services Administration Start Here United Network for Organ Sharing Children United Network for Organ Sharing PDF Start Here United Network for Organ Sharing Health Resources and Services Administration PDF Living With United Network for Organ Sharing Living With United Network for Organ Sharing Journal Articles Start Here United Network for Organ Sharing PDF Statistics and Research Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research United Network for Organ Sharing Related Issues Food and Drug Administration <p>Sus riñones producen orina al filtrar desechos y exceso de agua de la sangre. Al desecho se le llama urea. La sangre la transporta hasta los riñones. Desde los riñones, la orina llega a la vejiga por dos tubos delgados llamados uréteres. La vejiga almacena la orina hasta que usted siente ganas de ir al baño. La vejiga se expande cuando está llena y se hace más pequeña cuando está vacía. Si su sistema urinario funciona normalmente, su vejiga puede almacenar hasta 16 onzas (177cc o dos tazas) de orina cómodamente por entre dos a cinco horas.</p> <p>Usted puede tener problemas para orinar si sufre de:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">Insuficiencia renal</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">Infecciones del tracto urinario</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/enlargedprostatebph.html">Agrandamiento de la próstata</a> </li> <li> Problemas del control de la vejiga como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html">incontinencia</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overactivebladder.html">vejiga hiperactiva</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitialcystitis.html">cistitis intersticial</a></li> <li> Una obstrucción que no le permite vaciar su vejiga </li> </ul> <p>Algunas afecciones pueden causar que su orina contenga sangre o proteína. Si usted tiene un problema urinario, acuda a su proveedor de cuidados de salud. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html">análisis de orina</a> y otras pruebas pueden ayudar a diagnosticar el problema. El tratamiento depende de la causa. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Riñones y sistema urinario Urine and Urination Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cistitis intersticial Enfermedades de la vejiga Enfermedades de los riñones Incontinencia urinaria Infecciones de las vías urinarias Micción Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Hombres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Braces <p>Some people have naturally straight teeth that fit together. But if you have problems with your bite or the spacing of your teeth, you may need orthodontic care. Orthodontia is the branch of dentistry that deals with abnormalities of the teeth and jaw.</p> <p>Orthodontic care involves the use of devices, such as braces, to:</p><ul> <li> Straighten teeth</li> <li> Correct problems with bite</li> <li> Close gaps between teeth</li> <li> Align lips and teeth properly </li> </ul> <p>Most people who receive orthodontic care are kids, but adults get braces, too. In young children, orthodontic treatment may guide proper jaw growth. This can help permanent teeth to come in properly. Straight permanent teeth can help prevent tooth problems later on. </p> Mouth and Teeth Ortodoncia Orthodontics Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hmong Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Braces, Oral Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Food and Drug Administration Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Journal Articles Patient Handouts Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Aparatos Aparatos de ortodoncia Frenos <p>Algunas personas tienen dientes naturalmente derechos que encajan a la perfección. Pero si usted tiene problemas al morder o dientes espaciados, es posible que necesite cuidado de ortodoncia. La ortodoncia es la rama de la odontología que se encarga de los problemas de los dientes y la mandíbula. </p> <p>La atención dental con ortodoncia incluye el uso de dispositivos, tales como los aparatos (frenos), para:</p> <ul> <li> Enderezar los dientes </li> <li> Corregir problemas con la mordida </li> <li> Cerrar los espacios entre los dientes </li> <li> Alinear adecuadamente los labios y los dientes </li> </ul> <p>La mayoría de las personas que reciben tratamiento de ortodoncia son niños, pero los adultos también usan frenos. En los niños pequeños, el tratamiento con ortodoncia puede servir de guía para que la mandíbula se desarrolle adecuadamente. Eso puede ayudar a la salida correcta de los dientes permanentes. Los dientes permanentes derechos pueden ayudar a prevenir problemas dentales en el futuro. </p> Salud oral y dental Orthodontia Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Salud dental Salud dental del niño Trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular Trastornos dentales Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Dental de California PDF Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Dental Americana Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Degenerative joint disease OA Osteoarthrosis <h3>What is osteoarthritis?</h3> <p>Osteoarthritis, sometimes called OA, is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">arthritis</a> that only affects the joints, usually in the hands, knees, hips, neck, and lower back. It's the most common type of arthritis.</p> <p>In a healthy joint, the ends of the bones are covered with a smooth, slippery tissue called cartilage. The cartilage pads the bones and helps them glide easily when you move the joint. With osteoarthritis, the cartilage breaks down and becomes rough. Sometimes, all the cartilage wears away and the bones rub together. Bumps of extra bone called bone spurs may grow in the joint area.</p> <p>There is no cure for osteoarthritis. It usually gets worse slowly. But there's a lot you can do to manage the symptoms.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?</h3> <p>Osteoarthritis affects people in different ways, and not everyone has pain. The most common symptoms are:</p> <ul> <li>Pain when you move, which often gets better with rest</li> <li>Stiffness, especially for the first 30 minutes after you get up from resting</li> <li>Swollen joints, especially after using the joint a lot</li> <li>Less movement in the joint than normal</li> <li>A joint that feels loose or unstable</li> </ul> <h3>What causes osteoarthritis?</h3> <p>Researchers aren't sure what causes osteoarthritis. They think that it could be caused by a combination of factors in the body and the environment. Your chance of developing osteoarthritis increases with age. They also know that some people are more likely to develop it than others.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop osteoarthritis?</h3> <p>Things that make you more likely to develop osteoarthritis include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Aging.</strong> Osteoarthritis can happen at any age, but the chance of getting it increases in middle-aged adults and older. After age 50, it is more common in women than in men.</li> <li><strong>Being overweight.</strong> Extra weight puts more stress on your joints.</li> <li><strong>Having a past injury or surgery on a joint.</strong> This is often the cause of osteoarthritis in younger adults.</li> <li><strong>Doing a lot of activities that overuse the joint.</strong> This includes sports with a lot of jumping, twisting, running, or throwing.</li> <li><strong>Having a joint that doesn't line up correctly.</strong></li> <li><strong>A family history of osteoarthritis.</strong> Some people <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/osteoarthritis/">inherit genetic changes</a> that increase their chance of developing osteoarthritis.</li> </ul> <h3>How is osteoarthritis diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no specific test for osteoarthritis. To find out if you have osteoarthritis, your provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your symptoms and medical history</li> <li>Will do a physical exam</li> <li>May use <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-rays</a> or other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a> to look at your joints</li> <li>May order lab tests to make sure that a different problem isn't causing your symptoms</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for osteoarthritis?</h3> <p>The goal of treating osteoarthritis is to ease your pain, help you move better, and stop it from getting worse.</p> <p>Treatment usually begins with:</p> <ul> <li>Exercises to improve strength, flexibility and balance</li> <li>Weight loss, if needed, to improve pain, especially in your hips or knees</li> <li>Braces or shoe inserts (orthotics) that a health care provider fits for you</li> </ul> <p>You can buy some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a> and arthritis creams without a prescription. They can be helpful, but it's best to talk to your provider about using them. If they don't help enough, your provider may prescribe injections (shots) into the joint or prescription pain relievers.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">Complementary therapies</a> may help some people. Massage can increase blood flow and bring warmth to the area. Some research shows that <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html">acupuncture</a> may help relieve osteoarthritis pain. Simple things like heat and ice can help, too.</p> <p>If none of these treatments help enough, surgery may be an option. You and your provider can decide if it's right for you.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Older Adults Bones, Joints and Muscles Osteoartritis Osteoarthritis Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Korean Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Degenerative Joint Disease Treatments and Therapies NIH Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Arthritis Foundation PDF Find an Expert Arthritis Foundation Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Artrosis Trastorno degenerativo de las articulaciones <h3>¿Qué es la osteoartritis?</h3> <p>La osteoartritis (o artrosis) es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">artritis</a> que solo afecta las articulaciones, usualmente en las manos, las rodillas, las caderas, el cuello y la parte inferior de la espalda. Es el tipo más común de artritis.</p> <p>En una articulación sana, los extremos de los huesos están cubiertos con un tejido suave y resbaloso llamado cartílago. El cartílago protege los huesos y les ayuda a deslizarse fácilmente cuando mueve la articulación. Con la osteoartritis, el cartílago se rompe y se vuelve áspero. En ocasiones, todo el cartílago se desgasta y los huesos se frotan entre sí, y pueden crecer protuberancias de hueso adicional en el área de la articulación llamadas espolones óseos.</p> <p>No hay cura para la osteoartritis. Por lo general, empeora lentamente. Pero hay muchas cosas que puede hacer para controlar los síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la osteoartritis?</h3> <p>La osteoartritis afecta a las personas de diferentes maneras y no todas tienen dolor. Los síntomas más comunes son:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor cuando se mueve, que a menudo mejora con el descanso</li> <li>Rigidez, especialmente durante los primeros 30 minutos después de levantarse del descanso</li> <li>Inflamación de las articulaciones, especialmente después de usar mucho la articulación</li> <li> Menos movimiento de lo normal en la articulación</li> <li>Una articulación que se siente floja o inestable</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa la osteoartritis?</h3> <p>Los investigadores no están seguros de la causad de la osteoartritis. Se piensa que podría ser causada por una combinación de factores en el cuerpo y el medio ambiente. Su probabilidad de desarrollar osteoartritis aumenta con la edad. También se sabe que algunas personas tienen más probabilidades de desarrollarla que otras.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener osteoartritis?</h3> <p>Las cosas que lo hacen más propenso a desarrollar osteoartritis incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Envejecimiento</strong>: La osteoartritis puede ocurrir a cualquier edad, pero la probabilidad de contraerla aumenta en adultos de mediana edad y mayores. Después de los 50 años, es más común en mujeres que en hombres</li> <li><strong>Tener sobrepeso</strong>: El peso extra ejerce más presión sobre las articulaciones</li> <li><strong>Tener una lesión o cirugía anterior en una articulación</strong>: Esta suele ser la causa de la osteoartritis en los adultos más jóvenes</li> <li><strong>Realizar muchas actividades que usan en exceso la articulación</strong>: Esto incluye deportes con muchos saltos, giros, carreras o lanzamientos</li> <li><strong>Tener una articulación que no se alinea correctamente</strong></li> <li><strong>Antecedentes familiares de artrosis</strong>: Algunas personas heredan cambios genéticos que aumentan su probabilidad de desarrollar osteoartritis</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la artrosis?</h3> <p>No existe una prueba específica para la osteoartritis. Para saber si la tiene, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li> Le preguntará acerca de sus síntomas e historia clínica </li> <li>Hará un examen físico</li> <li>Puede usar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografías </a> u otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de diagnóstico por imágenes</a> para observar sus articulaciones</li> <li>Puede ordenar pruebas de laboratorio para asegurarse de que un problema diferente no esté causando sus síntomas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la osteoartritis?</h3> <p>El objetivo del tratamiento de la osteoartritis es aliviar el dolor, ayudarle a moverse mejor y evitar que empeore.</p> <p>En general, el tratamiento comienza con:</p> <ul> <li>Ejercicios para mejorar la fuerza, la flexibilidad y el equilibrio</li> <li> Si es necesario, pérdida de peso para mejorar el dolor, especialmente en las caderas o las rodillas</li> <li>Aparatos ortopédicos o plantillas para zapatos (órtesis) que un profesional de la salud le ajusta</li> </ul> <p>Puede comprar algunos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> y cremas para la artritis sin receta médica. Si bien pueden ser útiles, es mejor hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre usarlos. Si no ayudan lo suficiente, su proveedor puede recetarle inyecciones (infiltración) en la articulación o analgésicos recetados.</p> <p>Para algunas personas, las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">terapias complementarias</a> pueden ayudar. Un masaje puede aumentar el flujo de sangre y traer calor al área. Algunas investigaciones muestran que la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html">acupuntura</a> puede ayudar a aliviar el dolor de la osteoartritis. Las cosas simples como el calor y el hielo también pueden ayudar.</p> <p>Si ninguno de estos tratamientos ayuda lo suficiente, la cirugía puede ser una opción. Usted y su profesional de la salud pueden decidir si puede servir.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Personas mayores Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Osteoarthritis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Artritis Artritis reumatoide Artrosis Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Médica Americana PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Brittle bone disease OI <p>Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder in which bones <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fracture</a> (break) easily. Sometimes the fractures happen for no known reason. OI can also cause weak muscles, brittle teeth, a curved spine, and hearing loss. OI is caused by one of several genes that aren't working properly. When these genes don't work, it affects how you make collagen, a protein that helps make bones strong. </p> <p>OI can range from mild to severe, and symptoms vary from person to person. A person may have just a few or as many as several hundred fractures in a lifetime.</p> <p>There is no specific test for OI. Your doctor uses your medical and family history, physical exam, and imaging and lab tests to diagnose it. Your doctor may also test your collagen (from skin) or genes (from blood). There is no cure, but you can manage symptoms. Treatments include exercise, pain medicine, physical therapy, wheelchairs, braces, and surgery. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Genetics/Birth Defects Osteogénesis imperfecta Osteogenesis Imperfecta Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Bone Diseases Connective Tissue Disorders Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation PDF Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation PDF Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Related Issues Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Living With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation PDF Living With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation PDF Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation PDF Journal Articles Living With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation PDF Treatments and Therapies Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation PDF Living With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation PDF Treatments and Therapies Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation PDF Living With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation PDF Specifics Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>La osteogénesis imperfecta es un trastorno genético en el cual los huesos se fracturan (se rompen) con facilidad. Algunas veces, los huesos se fracturan sin un motivo aparente. También puede causar músculos débiles, dientes quebradizos, una columna desviada y pérdida del sentido del oído. La osteogénesis imperfecta es causada por uno o varios genes que no funcionan bien. Esto afecta la manera en que el cuerpo produce colágeno, una proteína que ayuda a fortalecer los huesos. </p> <p>La osteogénesis imperfecta puede variar desde leve hasta severa y los síntomas varían de una persona a otra. Un individuo puede tener apenas algunas fracturas o alcanzar varios cientos de fracturas en toda la vida. </p> <p>No hay una prueba específica para la osteogénesis imperfecta. El profesional de la salud puede usar su historia clínica y familiar, un examen físico y test de imágenes para diagnosticarla. También podría hacer un examen de colágeno (de la piel) o genético (de sangre). No existe una cura, pero los síntomas pueden controlarse. Los tratamientos incluyen ejercicio, analgésicos, fisioterapia, sillas de ruedas, aparatos dentales y cirugía. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Genética y defectos congénitos Osteogenesis Imperfecta Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Enfermedades de los huesos Enfermedades del tejido conectivo Fragilidad ósea Huesos, Fragilidad Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación para la Osteogénesis Imperfecta PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Necrosis aséptica Necrosis avascular Necrosis ósea <p>La osteonecrosis es una enfermedad causada por la disminución del flujo sanguíneo en los huesos de las articulaciones. Por lo general, en las personas con huesos sanos, estos se regeneran constantemente. En la osteonecrosis, la falta de flujo de la sangre hace que el hueso se deteriore más rápido que lo que el cuerpo puede producirlo. </p> <p>Se puede tener osteonecrosis en uno o varios huesos. Es más común en la parte superior de la pierna. Otros sitios comunes son el brazo, las rodillas, los hombros y los tobillos. La enfermedad puede afectar a hombres y mujeres de cualquier edad, pero suele atacar a personas entre los treinta y los cincuenta años. </p> <p>Al comienzo, es posible que no haya síntomas. A medida que la enfermedad avanza el dolor de las articulaciones empeora. Es probable que la persona no pueda mover o doblar la articulación normalmente. </p> <p>No se conoce con seguridad la causa de la enfermedad. Entre los factores de riesgo se incluyen:</p><ul> <li> Tratamiento con esteroides a largo plazo </li> <li> Uso indebido del alcohol </li> <li> Lesiones articulares </li> <li> Ciertas enfermedades, como artritis y cáncer </li> </ul> <p>Los doctores usan exámenes de imágenes y otras pruebas para diagnosticar la enfermedad. Los tratamientos incluyen medicinas, uso de muletas, limitación de actividades que ponen peso en las articulaciones afectadas, estimulación eléctrica y cirugía. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Osteonecrosis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera Hueso, Necrosis Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Aseptic necrosis Avascular necrosis Ischemic necrosis <p>Osteonecrosis is a disease caused by reduced blood flow to bones in the joints. In people with healthy bones, new bone is always replacing old bone. In osteonecrosis, the lack of blood causes the bone to break down faster than the body can make enough new bone. The bone starts to die and may break down.</p> <p>You can have osteonecrosis in one or several bones. It is most common in the upper leg. Other common sites are your upper arm and your knees, shoulders and ankles. The disease can affect men and women of any age, but it usually strikes in your thirties, forties or fifties. </p> <p>At first, you might not have any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, you will probably have joint pain that becomes more severe. You may not be able to bend or move the affected joint very well. </p> <p>No one is sure what causes the disease. Risk factors include :</p><ul> <li> Long-term steroid treatment</li> <li> Alcohol misuse</li> <li> Joint injuries</li> <li> Having certain diseases, including arthritis and cancer </li> </ul> <p>Doctors use imaging tests and other tests to diagnose osteonecrosis. Treatments include medicines, using crutches, limiting activities that put weight on the affected joints, electrical stimulation and surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Osteonecrosis Osteonecrosis Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Hip Injuries and Disorders Aseptic Necrosis Avascular Necrosis Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Start Here American College of Rheumatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics American College of Rheumatology Journal Articles <h3>What is osteoporosis?</h3> <p>Osteoporosis is a disease in which your bones become weak and are likely to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fracture</a> (break). The disease can develop when your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html">bone mineral density</a> and bone mass decrease. It can also happen if the structure and strength of your bones change.</p> <p>Osteoporosis is called a "silent" disease because it doesn't usually cause symptoms. You may not even know you have the disease until you break a bone. This could happen with any bone, but it's most common in the bones of your hip, vertebrae in the spine, and wrist.</p> <h3>What causes osteoporosis?</h3> <p>Your bones are made of living tissue. To keep them strong, your body breaks down old bone and replaces it with new bone. Osteoporosis develops when more bone is broken down than replaced. You lose bone mass and changes happen in the structure of your bone tissue. This can happen as you get older. Other risk factors can also lead to the development of osteoporosis or increase your chance of developing the disease.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop osteoporosis?</h3> <p>Anyone can develop osteoporosis, but you are more likely to develop it if you have one or more of risk factors:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Your sex.</strong> Osteoporosis is more common in women.</li> <li><strong>Your age.</strong> Your risk increases as you get older. It is most common in people over age 50.</li> <li><strong>Your body size.</strong> It is more common in people who are slim and thin boned.</li> <li><strong>Your race:</strong> <ul> <li>White and Asian women are at highest risk.</li> <li>African American and Mexican American women have a lower risk.</li> <li>White men are at higher risk than African American and Mexican American men.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Family history.</strong> Your risk of osteoporosis may be higher if one of your parents has osteoporosis or broke their hip.</li> <li><strong>Changes to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a>.</strong> Low levels of certain hormones can increase your chance of developing osteoporosis.</li> <li><strong>Diet. </strong> A diet that is low in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a> and/or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">vitamin D</a> or does not include enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html">protein</a> can raise your risk.</li> <li><strong>Long-term use of certain medicines</strong>, such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">Corticosteroids</a></li> <li>Proton pump inhibitors (which treat <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">GERD</a>)</li> <li>Medicines to treat <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html">epilepsy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Having other medical conditions</strong>, such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html">Endocrine diseases</a></li> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html">digestive diseases</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html">Rheumatoid arthritis</a></li> <li>Certain types of cancer</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a></li> <li>Anorexia nervosa, a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html">eating disorder</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Your lifestyle.</strong> Certain lifestyle factors can contribute to bone loss, such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking tobacco</a></li> <li>Long-term heavy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> use</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Physical inactivity</a> or prolonged periods of bedrest</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?</h3> <p>Osteoporosis usually doesn't cause symptoms. You may not know that you have it until you break a bone.</p> <h3>How is osteoporosis diagnosed?</h3> <p>Health care providers usually diagnose osteoporosis during routine <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html">screening</a> for the disease. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for:</p> <ul> <li>Women over age 65</li> <li>Women of any age who have factors that increase the chance of developing osteoporosis</li> </ul> <p>The Task Force does not recommend regular screening for men.</p> <p>To find out if you have osteoporosis, your provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your medical history and whether you have ever broken a bone</li> <li>May do a physical exam, which could include checking for: <ul> <li>A loss of height and/or weight</li> <li>Changes in your posture</li> <li>Balance and gait (the way you walk)</li> <li>Your muscle strength</li> </ul> </li> <li>Will likely order a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bone-density-scan/">bone density scan</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for osteoporosis?</h3> <p>The goals for treating osteoporosis are to slow or stop bone loss and to prevent fractures. Your provider may recommend:</p> <ul> <li>A healthy, balanced diet that includes enough calcium, vitamin D, and protein</li> <li>Lifestyle changes such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quitting smoking</a> and limiting alcohol</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Regular physical activity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">Fall</a> prevention to help prevent fractures</li> <li>Medicines, such as: <ul> <li>Medicines that slow down bone loss</li> <li>Medicines that help rebuild bone</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>In addition to managing your osteoporosis, it's important to avoid activities that may cause a fracture. These can include movements that involve:</p> <ul> <li>Twisting your spine, like swinging a golf club</li> <li>Bending forward from the waist, like sit ups and toe touches</li> </ul> <p>You can also help reduce the risk of breaking a bone by preventing falls.</p> <h3>Can osteoporosis be prevented?</h3> <p>To help keep bones strong and help prevent osteoporosis, the best thing to do is to eat a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D. Getting regular physical activity, limiting alcohol, and not smoking can also help.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Women Older Adults Bones, Joints and Muscles Osteoporosis Osteoporosis Osteoporotic Fractures Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Bone Density Calcium Fractures Vitamin D Bone Loss Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Living With National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Specifics American College of Rheumatology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation Older Adults National Institutes of Health NIH Men National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Merck & Co., Inc. Women National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia <h3>¿Qué es la osteoporosis?</h3> <p>La osteoporosis es una afección en la que sus huesos se debilitan y tienen más probabilidad de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturarse</a> (romperse). La afección puede desarrollarse cuando su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html">densidad ósea</a> y su masa ósea disminuyen. También puede ocurrir si la estructura y fuerza de sus huesos cambia.</p> <p>A la osteoporosis se le llama una afección "silenciosa" porque por lo general no causa síntomas. Usted puede no saber que tiene la afección hasta que se rompe un hueso. Esto puede pasar con cualquier hueso, pero es más común con los huesos de su cadera, vértebras en su columna y muñeca.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa osteoporosis?</h3> <p>Sus huesos están hechos de tejido vivo. Para mantenerlos fuertes, su cuerpo descompone los huesos viejos y los remplaza con nuevos. La osteoporosis se desarrolla cuando se descompone más hueso del que se reemplaza. Usted pierde masa ósea y suceden cambios en la estructura del tejido del hueso. Esto puede pasar cuando usted envejece. Otros factores de riesgo pueden provocar el desarrollo de osteoporosis o aumentar las posibilidades de desarrollar la afección.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar osteoporosis?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede desarrollar osteoporosis, sin embargo, usted tiene más probabilidades de desarrollarla si tiene uno o más factores de riesgo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Su sexo.</strong> La osteoporosis es más común en mujeres</li> <li><strong>Su edad.</strong> Su riesgo aumenta conforme envejece. Es más común en personas mayores de 50 años</li> <li><strong>El tamaño de su cuerpo.</strong> Es más común en personas que son delgadas y tienen huesos finos</li> <li><strong>Su raza:</strong> <ul> <li>Mujeres caucásicas y asiáticas tienen mayor riesgo</li> <li>Mujeres de ascendencia afroamericana y mexicana tienen un menor riesgo</li> <li>Los hombres caucásicos tienen mayor riesgo que los hombres afroamericanos y mexicanos</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Historia familiar.</strong> Su riesgo de osteoporosis puede ser mayor si uno de sus padres tuvo osteoporosis o se rompió la cadera</li> <li><strong>Cambios <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonales</a>.</strong> Niveles bajos de ciertas hormonas pueden incrementar su riesgo de desarrollar osteoporosis</li> <li><strong>Dieta.</strong> Una dieta que es baja en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a> y/o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">vitamina D</a> o no incluye suficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html">proteína</a>, puede aumentar su riesgo</li> <li><strong>Uso prolongado de ciertos medicamentos,</strong> como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">Corticoides</a></li> <li>Inhibidores de la bomba de protones (que se usan para tratar la enfermedad del reflujo gastroesofágico <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">GERD</a>)</li> <li>Medicamientos para tratar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/epilepsy.html">epilepsia</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Tener otras afecciones médicas,</strong> como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html">Enfermedades del sistema endocrino</a></li> <li>Ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html">enfermedades del sistema digestivo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html">Artritis reumatoide</a></li> <li>Ciertos tipos de cáncer</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a></li> <li>Anorexia nervosa, un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html">trastorno de la alimentación</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Su estilo de vida.</strong> Ciertos factores de estilo de vida pueden contribuir a la pérdida de masa ósea, como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a></li> <li>Uso prolongado de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">consumo excesivo de alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Inactividad física</a> o periodos prolongados de reposo en cama</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la osteoporosis?</h3> <p>A menudo, la osteoporosis no causa síntomas. Usted puede no saber que la tiene hasta que se rompe un hueso.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la osteoporosis?</h3> <p>Los profesionales de la salud por lo general diagnostican la osteoporosis durante una prueba de detección de rutina de la afección. El grupo de servicios de prevención de los Estados Unidos recomienda una prueba de detección para:</p> <ul> <li>Mujeres mayores de 65 años</li> <li>Mujeres de cualquier edad que tienen factores que aumentan su probabilidad de desarrollar osteoporosis</li> </ul> <p>El grupo de servicio de prevención no recomienda pruebas de detección regulares para hombres.</p> <p>Para saber si tiene osteoporosis, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Le preguntará acerca de su historia médica y si alguna vez se ha roto un hueso</li> <li>Hará un examen físico, el cual puede incluir un chequeo de: <ul> <li>Pérdida de altura y/o peso</li> <li>Cambios en su postura</li> <li>Equilibrio y marcha (la forma en que camina)</li> <li>La fuerza de sus músculos</li> </ul> </li> <li>Probablemente pedirá una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/densitometria-osea/">densitometría ósea</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la osteoporosis?</h3> <p>El objetivo del tratamiento para la osteoporosis es retardar o detenerla pérdida de masa ósea y prevenir fracturas. Su profesional de la salud puede recomendar:</p> <ul> <li>Una dieta saludable y balanceada que incluya suficiente calcio, vitamina D y proteína</li> <li>Cambios en el estilo de vida, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar de fumar</a> y limitar el alcohol</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Actividad física regular</a></li> <li>Prevención de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">caídas</a> para ayudar a prevenir fracturas</li> <li>Medicinas, como: <ul> <li>Medicinas para retardar la pérdida de masa ósea</li> <li>Medicinas para ayudar a reconstruir el hueso</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Además de manejar su osteoporosis, es importante evitar actividades que puedan causar una fractura. Éstas incluyen movimientos que involucren:</p> <ul> <li>Torcer su columna vertebral, como utilizar un palo de golf</li> <li>Inclinarse hacia adelante desde la cintura, como ejercicios abdominales y toque de dedos de los pies</li> </ul> <p>También puede reducir su riesgo de romperse un hueso al prevenir caídas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se puede prevenir la osteoporosis?</h3> <p>Para ayudar mantener los huesos sanos y ayudar a prevenir la osteoporosis, lo mejor que puede hacer es comer una dieta saludable rica en calcio y vitamina D. También puede ayudar hacer actividad física regular, limitar el consumo de alcohol y no fumar.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Mujeres Personas mayores Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Osteoporosis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Calcio Fracturas Desgaste del hueso Hueso, Desgaste del Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Personas mayores Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>An ostomy is surgery to create an opening (stoma) from an area inside the body to the outside. It treats certain diseases of the digestive or urinary systems. It can be permanent, when an organ must be removed. It can be temporary, when the organ needs time to heal. The organ could be the small intestine, colon, rectum, or bladder. With an ostomy, there must be a new way for wastes to leave the body. </p> <p>There are many different types of ostomy. Some examples are:</p><ul> <li>Ileostomy - the bottom of the small intestine (ileum) is attached to the stoma. This bypasses the colon, rectum and anus.</li> <li>Colostomy - the colon is attached to the stoma. This bypasses the rectum and the anus. </li> <li>Urostomy - the tubes that carry urine to the bladder are attached to the stoma. This bypasses the bladder.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Kidneys and Urinary System Surgery and Rehabilitation Estomas Ostomy Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Colostomy Ileostomy Stoma Urostomy Find an Expert American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Cancer Society Find an Expert Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurses Society Children American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Cancer Society <h3>What is ovarian cancer?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">Cancer</a> is a disease in which abnormal cells in the body grow out of control and form a tumor. Ovarian cancer is a cancerous tumor that forms in the tissues of an ovary. The ovaries are a pair of female reproductive glands that make eggs and female <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a>.</p> <h3>What are the types of ovarian cancer?</h3> <p>There are a few different types of ovarian cancer. The most common type is epithelial cancer. It begins in the cells that cover the ovary.</p> <p>There are also two related types of epithelial cancer that can spread to the ovaries:</p> <ul> <li>Fallopian tube cancer forms in the tissue lining a fallopian tube. The fallopian tubes are a pair of long, slender tubes on each side of the uterus. The uterus is the female reproductive organ where a baby grows during pregnancy.</li> <li>Primary peritoneal cancer forms in the tissue lining the peritoneum. Your peritoneum is a tissue lining that covers the organs in the abdomen (belly).</li> </ul> <p>These two cancers are similar to ovarian cancer, and they have the same treatments. So some medical experts also consider those two types as ovarian cancer.</p> <p>Some other rarer types of ovarian cancer are malignant germ cell tumors and stromal tumors.</p> <h3>What causes ovarian cancer?</h3> <p>Ovarian cancer happens when there are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ovarian-cancer/">changes (mutations) in the genetic material</a> (DNA). Often, the exact cause of these genetic changes is unknown.</p> <p>Most ovarian cancers are caused by genetic changes that happen during your lifetime. But sometimes these genetic changes are inherited, meaning that you are born with them. Ovarian cancer that is caused by inherited genetic changes is called hereditary ovarian cancer.</p> <p>There are also certain genetic changes that can raise your risk of ovarian cancer, including changes called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/brca1/">BRCA1</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/brca2/">BRCA2</a>. These two changes also raise your risk of breast and other cancers.</p> <p>Besides genetics, your lifestyle and the environment can affect your risk of ovarian cancer.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop ovarian cancer?</h3> <p>Certain people are more likely to develop ovarian cancer. They include those who:</p> <ul> <li>Have a family history of ovarian cancer in a mother, daughter, or sister</li> <li>Have inherited changes in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.</li> <li>Have certain other genetic conditions, such as Lynch syndrome</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html">endometriosis</a></li> <li>Took <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">hormone replacement therapy</a></li> <li>Are overweight or have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li>Are tall</li> <li>Are older, especially those who have gone through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">menopause</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of ovarian cancer?</h3> <p>Ovarian cancer may not cause early signs or symptoms. By the time you do have signs or symptoms, the cancer is often advanced.</p> <p>The signs and symptoms may include:</p> <ul> <li>Pain, swelling, or a feeling of pressure in the abdomen or pelvis</li> <li>Sudden or frequent urge to urinate (pee)</li> <li>Trouble eating or feeling full</li> <li>A lump in the pelvic area</li> <li>Gastrointestinal problems, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gas.html">gas</a>, bloating, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">constipation</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have ovarian cancer, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your <strong>medical history</strong>, including your symptoms</li> <li>Will ask about your <strong>family health history</strong>, including relatives who have had ovarian cancer</li> <li>Will do a <strong>physical exam</strong>, including a pelvic exam</li> <li>Will likely do <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a></strong></li> <li>May do <strong>blood tests</strong> such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ca-125-blood-test-ovarian-cancer/">CA-125 blood test</a></li> </ul> <p>Often the only way to know for sure that you have ovarian cancer is by having a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a> of the tissue. A biopsy is done during surgery to remove the tumor.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for ovarian cancer?</h3> <p>Treatments for ovarian cancer may include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Surgery</strong> to remove as much of the cancer as possible</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Targeted therapy</strong>, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells</li> </ul> <p>Your provider may suggest that you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">genetic testing</a> to look for the gene changes that raise the risk for ovarian cancer. Knowing whether or not you have the gene change may help your provider decide on your treatment plan.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Women Endocrine System Female Reproductive System Cáncer de ovario Peritoneal Neoplasms Fallopian Tube Neoplasms Ovarian Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Ovarian Disorders Fallopian Tube Cancer Primary Peritoneal Cancer NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies American Society for Radiation Oncology Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society <p>The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system. They produce a woman's eggs and make female <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a>. Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs in or on an ovary. They usually form during ovulation, when the ovary releases an egg. They are usually harmless and go away by themselves. Most women have them sometime during their lives.</p> <p>Most ovarian cysts are small and don't cause symptoms. Women may not find out that they have them until they have a pelvic exam. If there are symptoms, they may include:</p><ul> <li>Pressure</li> <li>Bloating</li> <li>Swelling</li> <li>Pain in the lower abdomen, on the side where the cyst is</li> </ul> <p>If your health care provider finds a cyst, you may be able to wait to see if it gets bigger. You may need surgery if you have pain, are past menopause, or if the cyst does not go away. If a cyst bursts or causes bleeding, you should get medical help right away. Birth control pills can help prevent new cysts.</p> <p>Rarely, ovarian cysts can become cancerous. This risk increases as you get older.</p> <p>A health problem that involves ovarian cysts is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS). Women with PCOS can have high levels of male hormones, irregular or no periods, and small ovarian cysts.</p> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Women Endocrine System Female Reproductive System Quistes ováricos Ovarian Cysts Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Cancer Institute NIH Learn More Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Journal Articles Learn More Medical Encyclopedia <p>The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system. Women have two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond.</p> <p>The ovaries produce and store a woman's eggs. During ovulation, an ovary releases an egg. If that egg is fertilized by a sperm, a pregnancy can occur. Ovaries also make the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. When a woman goes through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">menopause</a>, her ovaries stop making those hormones and releasing eggs.</p> <p>Problems with the ovaries include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancancer.html">Ovarian cancer</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancysts.html">Ovarian cysts</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">polycystic ovary syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/primaryovarianinsufficiency.html">Primary ovarian insufficiency</a></li> <li>Ovarian torsion, a twisting of the ovary</li> </ul> Women Female Reproductive System Enfermedades de los ovarios Ovarian Diseases Spanish Ovarian Cancer Ovarian Cysts Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Ovarian Insufficiency Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Society of Interventional Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Non-prescription drugs OTC medicines <p>Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are drugs you can buy without a prescription. Some OTC medicines relieve aches, pains, and itches. Some prevent or cure diseases, like tooth decay and athlete's foot. Others help manage recurring problems, like migraines and allergies.</p> <p> In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration decides whether a medicine is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsafety.html">safe</a> and effective enough to sell over-the-counter. This allows you to take a more active role in your health care. But you also need to be careful to avoid <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html">mistakes</a>. Make sure to follow the instructions on the drug label. If you don't understand the instructions, ask your pharmacist or health care provider.</p> <p>Also keep in mind that that there are still <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">risks</a> to taking OTC medicines:</p> <ul> <li>The medicine you are taking could interact with other medicines, supplements, foods, or drinks</li> <li>Some medicines are not right for people with certain medical conditions. For example, people with high blood pressure should not take certain decongestants.</li> <li>Some people are allergic to certain medicines</li> <li>Many medicines are not safe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html">during pregnancy</a>. If you are pregnant, check with your health care provider before taking any medicine.</li> <li>Be careful when giving medicines to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicinesandchildren.html">children</a>. Make sure that you give your child the correct dose. If you are giving your child a liquid medicine, don't use a kitchen spoon. Instead use a measuring spoon or a dosing cup marked in teaspoons.</li> </ul> <p>If you have been taking an OTC medicine but your symptoms don't go away, contact your health care provider. You should not take OTC medicines longer or in higher doses than the label recommends. </p> <p class="">Food and Drug Administration</p> Drug Therapy Medicamentos sin receta médica Nonprescription Drugs Spanish Cold and Cough Medicines Drug Reactions Drug Safety Medication Errors Medicines Medicines and Children Pain Relievers About Your Medicines Drug Information Medicines, Over-the-Counter Non-Prescription Drugs OTC Medicines Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Food and Drug Administration Children American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Easy-to-Read NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Related Issues American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Start Here Food and Drug Administration PDF Start Here National Library of Medicine Women American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Food and Drug Administration Journal Articles Specifics Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH <p>Overactive bladder is a condition in which the bladder squeezes urine out at the wrong time. You may have overactive bladder if you have two or more of these symptoms:</p> <ul> <li>You urinate eight or more times a day or two or more times at night</li> <li>You have the sudden, strong need to urinate immediately</li> <li>You leak urine after a sudden, strong urge to urinate</li> </ul> <p>You also may have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html">incontinence</a>, a loss of bladder control. Nerve problems, too much fluid, or too much caffeine can cause it. Often the cause is unknown.</p> <p>Your doctor may prescribe a medicine that can calm muscles and nerves. The medicine may come as a pill, a liquid, or a patch. The medicines can cause your eyes to become dry. They can also cause dry mouth and constipation. To deal with these effects, use eye drops to keep your eyes moist, chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy if dry mouth bothers you, and take small sips of water throughout the day.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Vejiga hiperactiva Urinary Bladder, Overactive Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bladder Diseases Urinary Incontinence Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases PDF NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Lombrices intestinales <p>Los oxiuros son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html">parásitos</a> que pueden vivir en el colon y en el recto de una persona. Se pueden adquirir cuando se tragan los huevos de este parásito. Los huevos se abren dentro de sus intestinos. Mientras usted duerme, los oxiuros hembra salen de los intestinos a través del ano y ponen sus huevos en la piel que lo rodea. </p> <p>Los oxiuros se propagan muy rápidamente. Cuando la persona infectada toca su ano, los huevos quedan pegados a las puntas de sus dedos. Así, pueden propagar los huevos a través de sus manos, ropa contaminada, comida y otros artículos. Los huevos pueden sobrevivir por dos semanas en las superficies de la casa. </p> <p>La infección es más común en niños. Muchas personas no tienen síntomas. Algunas sienten picazón alrededor del ano o de la vagina. La picazón puede volverse más intensa, interferir con el sueño y poner de mal humor a la persona. </p> <p> Su doctor puede diagnosticar una infección por oxiuros buscando los huevos. Una forma común de hacer esto es usando una cinta adhesiva donde se juntan los huevos. Las infecciones más leves no necesitan medicamentos. Si una persona necesita medicamentos, todas las otras personas que viven con ella, también los necesitan. </p> <p>Para prevenir una infección o una reinfección:</p><ul> <li>Báñese al levantarse </li> <li>Lave seguido sus pijamas y sábanas </li> <li>Lave sus manos con frecuencia, sobre todo después de usar el escusado o de cambiar pañales</li> <li>Cambie su ropa interior todos los días</li> <li>Evite morderse las uñas</li> <li>Evite rascarse la zona anal</li> </ul> Niños y adolescentes Infecciones Pinworms Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <h3>What is oxygen?</h3> <p>Oxygen is a gas that your body needs to work properly. Your cells need oxygen to make energy. Your lungs absorb oxygen from the air you breathe. The oxygen enters your blood from your lungs and travels to your organs and body tissues.</p> <p>Certain medical conditions can cause your blood oxygen levels to be too low. Low blood oxygen may make you feel <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">short of breath</a>, tired, and confused. It can also damage your body. Oxygen therapy can help you get more oxygen.</p> <h3>What is oxygen therapy?</h3> <p>Oxygen therapy is a treatment that provides you with extra oxygen to breathe in. It is also called supplemental oxygen. It is only available through a prescription from your health care provider. You may get it in the hospital, another medical setting, or at home. Some people only need it for a short period of time. Others will need long-term oxygen therapy.</p> <p>There are different types of devices that can give you oxygen. Some use tanks of liquid or gas oxygen. Others use an oxygen concentrator, which pulls oxygen out of the air. You will get the oxygen through a nose tube (cannula), a mask, or a tent. The extra oxygen is breathed in along with normal air.</p> <p>There are portable versions of the tanks and oxygen concentrators. They can make it easier for you to move around while using your therapy.</p> <h3>Who needs oxygen therapy?</h3> <p>You may need oxygen therapy if you have a condition that causes low blood oxygen, such as:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a> (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">Pneumonia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a></li> <li>A severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">asthma</a> attack</li> <li>Late-stage <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">heart failure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html">Cystic fibrosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">Sleep apnea</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the risks of using oxygen therapy?</h3> <p>Oxygen therapy is generally safe, but it can cause side effects. They include a dry or bloody nose, tiredness, and morning headaches.</p> <p>Oxygen poses a fire risk, so you should never smoke or use flammable materials when using oxygen. If you use oxygen tanks, make sure your tank is secured and stays upright. If it falls and cracks or the top breaks off, the tank can fly like a missile.</p> <h3>What is hyperbaric oxygen therapy?</h3> <p>Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a different type of oxygen therapy. It involves breathing oxygen in a pressurized chamber or tube. That allows your lungs to gather up to three times more oxygen than you would get by breathing oxygen at normal air pressure. The extra oxygen moves through your blood and to your organs and body tissues.</p> <p>HBOT is used to treat certain serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html">wounds</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html">burns</a>, injuries, and infections. It also treats air or gas embolisms (bubbles of air in your bloodstream), decompression sickness suffered by divers, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html">carbon monoxide poisoning</a>.</p> <p>But some treatment centers claim that HBOT can treat almost anything, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html">autism</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancer</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymedisease.html">Lyme disease</a>. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not cleared or approved the use of HBOT for these conditions. There are risks to using HBOT, so always check with your provider before you try it.</p> Lungs and Breathing Surgery and Rehabilitation Terapia con oxígeno Oxygen Inhalation Therapy Spanish Hyperbaric Oxygen Find an Expert American Lung Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Lung Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues American Thoracic Society PDF Related Issues National Fire Protection Association Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues National Jewish Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Thoracic Society PDF Start Here American Lung Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Lung Association Easy-to-Read Journal Articles Specifics Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American College of Chest Physicians PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Ozone is a gas. It can be good or bad, depending on where it is. "Good" ozone occurs naturally about 10 to 30 miles above the Earth's surface. It shields us from the sun's ultraviolet rays. Part of the good ozone layer is gone. Man-made chemicals have destroyed it. Without enough good ozone, people may get too much ultraviolet radiation. This may increase the risk of skin cancer, cataracts, and immune system problems.</p> <p>"Bad" ozone is at ground level. It forms when pollutants from cars, factories, and other sources react chemically with sunlight. It is the main ingredient in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/airpollution.html">smog</a>. It is usually worst in the summer. Breathing bad ozone can be harmful. It can cause coughing, throat irritation, worsening of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">asthma</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">bronchitis, and emphysema</a>. It can lead to permanent lung damage, if you are regularly exposed to it.</p> <p class="">Environmental Protection Agency</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Ozono Ozone Stratospheric Ozone Spanish National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Learn More Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Journal Articles Learn More Children Environmental Protection Agency <p>El ozono es un gas incoloro que se encuentra en el aire que respiramos. Puede ser bueno o malo, dependiendo de donde se encuentre. El ozono "bueno" se encuentra en la naturaleza a aproximadamente 10 a 30 millas sobre la superficie terrestre. Nos protege de los rayos ultravioleta del sol. Parte de la capa de ozono bueno desapareció por sustancias químicas fabricadas por el hombre. Sin suficiente ozono bueno, las personas pueden exponerse a demasiada radiación ultravioleta. Eso puede aumentar el riesgo de cáncer en la piel, cataratas y problemas en el sistema inmunitario.</p> <p>El ozono "malo" se encuentra al nivel del suelo. Se forma cuando los contaminantes de los automóviles, las fábricas y otras fuentes reaccionan químicamente con la luz del sol. Es el componente principal del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html">smog</a>. Suele ser peor en verano. Respirar el ozono malo puede ser dañino. Provoca tos, irritación en la garganta, empeoramiento de afecciones como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">asma</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">bronquitis y enfisema</a> y hasta daños pulmonares permanentes, si la exposición a éste es habitual.</p> <p class="">Agencia de Protección Ambiental </p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Ozone Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Contaminación del aire Agujero de ozono Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Administración Nacional de Aeronáutica y del Espacio Adolescentes Spanish/Español Administración Nacional de Aeronáutica y del Espacio <p>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">arrhythmia</a> is any disorder of your heart rate or rhythm. It means that your heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern. Most arrhythmias result from problems in the electrical system of the heart. If your arrhythmia is serious, you may need a cardiac pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). They are devices that are implanted in your chest or abdomen.</p> <p>A pacemaker helps control abnormal heart rhythms. It uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate. It can speed up a slow heart rhythm, control a fast heart rhythm, and coordinate the chambers of the heart.</p> <p>An ICD monitors heart rhythms. If it senses dangerous rhythms, it delivers shocks. This treatment is called defibrillation. An ICD can help control life-threatening arrhythmias, especially those that can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html">sudden cardiac arrest</a> (SCA). Most new ICDs can act as both a pacemaker and a defibrillator. Many ICDs also record the heart's electrical patterns when there is an abnormal heartbeat. This can help the doctor plan future treatment.</p> <p>Getting a pacemaker or ICD requires minor surgery. You usually need to stay in the hospital for a day or two, so your doctor can make sure that the device is working well. You will probably be back to your normal activities within a few days.</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Marcapasos y desfibrilador implantable Defibrillators, Implantable Pacemaker, Artificial Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Arrhythmia Heart Failure Defibrillators, Implantable Implantable Defibrillators Find an Expert American Heart Association Specifics American Heart Association Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With American Heart Association Related Issues American Heart Association Related Issues American Heart Association Find an Expert Heart Rhythm Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Heart Association Children American Heart Association Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Related Issues American Heart Association Related Issues American Heart Association Find an Expert Heart Rhythm Society Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here American Heart Association PDF Easy-to-Read Osteitis deformans <h3>What is Paget's disease of bone?</h3> <p>Paget's disease of bone is a chronic bone disorder. Normally, there is a process in which your bones break down and then regrow. In Paget's disease, this process is abnormal. There is excessive breakdown and regrowth of bone. Because the bones regrow too quickly, they are bigger and softer than normal. They may be misshapen and easily <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fractured</a> (broken). Paget's usually affects just one or a few bones.</p> <h3>What causes Paget's disease of bone?</h3> <p>Researchers do not know for sure what causes Paget's disease. Environmental factors may play a role. In some cases, the disease runs in families, and several genes have been linked to the disease.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for Paget's disease of bone?</h3> <p>The disease is more common in older people and those of northern European heritage. If you have a close relative who has Paget's, you are much more likely to have it.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of Paget's disease of bone?</h3> <p>Many people do not know that they have Paget's, because it often has no symptoms. When there are symptoms, they are similar to those of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">arthritis</a> and other disorders. The symptoms include:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html">Pain</a></strong>, which may be due to the disease or to arthritis, which can be a complication of Paget's</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headaches</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">hearing loss</a></strong>, which can happen when Paget's disease affects the skull</li> <li><strong>Pressure on the nerves</strong>, which can happen when Paget's disease affects the skull or spine</li> <li><strong>Increased head size, bowing of a limb, or curvature of the spine.</strong> This can happen in advanced cases.</li> <li><strong>Hip pain</strong>, if Paget's disease affects the pelvis or thighbone</li> <li><strong>Damage to the cartilage of your joints</strong>, which may lead to arthritis</li> </ul> <p>Usually, Paget's disease gets worse slowly over time. It does not spread to normal bones.</p> <h3>What other problems can Paget's disease of bone cause?</h3> <p>Paget's disease can lead to other complications, such as:</p><ul> <li>Arthritis, because the misshapen bones can cause increased pressure and more wear and tear on the joints</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">Heart failure</a>. In severe Paget's disease, the heart has to work harder to pump blood to affected bones. Heart failure is more likely if you also have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">hardening of the arteries</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneystones.html">Kidney stones</a>, which can happen when the excessive breakdown of the bone leads to extra calcium in the body</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">Nervous system problems</a>, since the bones can cause pressure on the brain, spinal cord, or nerves. There may also be reduced blood flow to the brain and spinal cord.</li> <li>Osteosarcoma, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonecancer.html">cancer of the bone</a></li> <li>Loose teeth, if Paget's disease affects the facial bones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Vision loss</a>, if Paget's disease in the skull affects the nerves. This is rare.</li> </ul> <h3>How is Paget's disease of bone diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms</li> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a> of the affected bones. Paget's disease is almost always diagnosed using x-rays.</li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alkaline-phosphatase/">alkaline phosphatase blood test</a></li> <li>A bone scan</li> </ul> <p>Sometimes the disease is found by accident when one of these tests is done for another reason.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for Paget's disease of bone?</h3> <p>To avoid complications, it is important to find and treat Paget's disease early. The treatments include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Medicines.</strong> There are several different medicines to treat Paget's disease. The most common type is bisphosphonates. They help reduce bone pain and stop or slow down the progress of the disease.</li> <li><strong>Surgery</strong> is sometimes needed for certain complications of the disease. There are surgeries to <ul> <li>Allow fractures (broken bones) to heal in a better position</li> <li>Replace joints such as the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kneereplacement.html">knee</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hipreplacement.html">hip</a> when there is severe arthritis</li> <li>Realign a deformed bone to reduce the pain in weight-bearing joints, especially the knees</li> <li>Reduce pressure on a nerve, if enlargement of the skull or spine injuries effects the nervous system</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Diet and exercise do not treat Paget's, but they can help to keep your skeleton healthy. If you do not have kidney stones, you should make sure to get enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">vitamin D</a> through your diet and supplements. Besides keeping your skeleton healthy, exercise can prevent weight gain and maintain the mobility of your joints. Talk with your health care provider before you start a new exercise program. You need to make sure that the exercise does not put too much stress on the affected bones.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Enfermedad de Paget en el hueso Osteitis Deformans Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Osteitis Deformans Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Find an Expert Endocrine Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Start Here American College of Rheumatology Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Symptoms Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles <p>Pain is a signal in your nervous system that something may be wrong. It is an unpleasant feeling, such as a prick, tingle, sting, burn, or ache. Pain may be sharp or dull. It may come and go, or it may be constant. You may feel pain in one area of your body, such as your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html">back</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">abdomen</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">chest</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html">pelvis</a>, or you may feel pain all over.</p> <p>Pain can be helpful in diagnosing a problem. If you never felt pain, you might seriously hurt yourself without knowing it, or you might not realize you have a medical problem that needs treatment.</p> <p>There are two types of pain: acute and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">chronic</a>. Acute pain usually comes on suddenly, because of a disease, injury, or inflammation. It can often be diagnosed and treated. It usually goes away, though sometimes it can turn into chronic pain. Chronic pain lasts for a long time, and can cause severe problems.</p> <p>Pain is not always curable, but there are many ways to treat it. Treatment depends on the cause and type of pain. There are drug treatments, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a>. There are also <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nondrugpainmanagement.html">non-drug treatments</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html">acupuncture</a>, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Symptoms Dolor Pain Pain Perception Pain Management Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Abdominal Pain Back Pain Chest Pain Chronic Pain Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Non-Drug Pain Management Pain Relievers Palliative Care Pelvic Pain Period Pain Trigeminal Neuralgia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Videos and Tutorials Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Video Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert NIH Pain Consortium NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues NIH Pain Consortium NIH Start Here American Society of Anesthesiologists Living With American Geriatrics Society Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Children Nemours Foundation Analgesics Pain killers Pain medicines <p>Pain relievers are medicines that reduce or relieve headaches, sore muscles, arthritis, or other aches and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html">pains</a>. There are many different pain medicines, and each one has advantages and risks. Some types of pain respond better to certain medicines than others. Each person may also have a slightly different response to a pain reliever. </p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overthecountermedicines.html">Over-the-counter</a> (OTC) medicines are good for many types of pain. There are two main types of OTC pain medicines: acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Aspirin, naproxen (Aleve), and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) are examples of OTC NSAIDs.</p> <p>If OTC medicines don't relieve your pain, your doctor may prescribe something stronger. Many NSAIDs are also available at higher prescription doses. The most powerful pain relievers are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioids</a>. They are very effective, but they can sometimes have serious side effects. There is also a risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioids</a>. Because of the risks, you must use them only under a doctor's supervision.</p> <p>There are many things you can do to help ease pain. Pain relievers are just one part of a pain treatment plan.</p> Drug Therapy Analgésicos Analgesics, Non-Narcotic Spanish Chronic Pain Medicines Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Over-the-Counter Medicines Pain Analgesics Methadone Narcotics Painkillers Children Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics American College of Rheumatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute PDF NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Food and Drug Administration <p>Palliative care is treatment of the discomfort, symptoms, and stress of serious illness. It provides relief from distressing symptoms including:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html">Pain</a></li> <li>Shortness of breath</li> <li>Fatigue</li> <li>Constipation</li> <li>Nausea</li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> <li>Problems with sleep</li> </ul> <p>It can also help you deal with the side effects of the medical treatments you're receiving.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hospicecare.html">Hospice care</a>, care at the end of life, always includes palliative care. But you may receive palliative care at any stage of an illness. The goal is to make you comfortable and improve your quality of life.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Nursing Research</p> Health System Personal Health Issues Cuidado paliativo Palliative Care Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese Hospice Care Pain NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Alliance for Care at Home Patient Handouts National Institute of Nursing Research PDF NIH Health Check Tools Center to Advance Palliative Care Related Issues Center to Advance Palliative Care Video Find an Expert National Alliance for Care at Home Find an Expert National Institute of Nursing Research NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Institute of Nursing Research PDF NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Institute of Nursing Research PDF NIH Patient Handouts National Institute of Nursing Research PDF NIH Journal Articles Specifics Center to Advance Palliative Care NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Center to Advance Palliative Care NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH <p>The pancreas is a gland behind your stomach and in front of your spine. It produces the juices that help break down food and the hormones that help control blood sugar levels. A pancreas transplant is surgery to place a healthy pancreas from a donor into a person with a diseased pancreas. It is mostly done for people with severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1 diabetes</a>. It can allow them to give up insulin shots. An experimental procedure called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/isletcelltransplantation.html">islet cell transplantation</a> transplants only the parts of the pancreas that make insulin.</p> <p>People who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">transplants</a> must take drugs to keep their body from rejecting the new pancreas for the rest of their lives. They must also have regular follow-up care. Because of the risks, it is not a common treatment for type 1 diabetes.</p> Digestive System Endocrine System Transplantation and Donation Trasplante de páncreas Pancreas Transplantation Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More American Society of Transplantation PDF Learn More National Kidney Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert Health Resources and Services Administration Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Statistics and Research Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients <p>The pancreas is a gland behind your stomach and in front of your spine. It produces the juices that help break down food and the hormones that help control <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a> levels. Pancreatic cancer usually begins in the cells that produce the juices. Some risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer include:</p><ul> <li> Smoking </li> <li> Long-term diabetes </li> <li> Chronic pancreatitis </li> <li> Certain hereditary disorders </li> </ul> <p>Pancreatic cancer is hard to catch early. It doesn't cause symptoms right away. When you do get symptoms, they are often vague or you may not notice them. They include yellowing of the skin and eyes, pain in the abdomen and back, weight loss and fatigue. Also, because the pancreas is hidden behind other organs, health care providers cannot see or feel the tumors during routine exams. Doctors use a physical exam, blood tests, imaging tests, and a biopsy to diagnose it.</p> <p>Because it is often found late and it spreads quickly, pancreatic cancer can be hard to treat. Possible treatments include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Digestive System Endocrine System Cáncer de páncreas Pancreatic Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Pancreatic Diseases Islet Cell Carcinoma Living With Pancreatic Cancer Action Network Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology Treatments and Therapies Pancreatic Cancer Action Network Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Living With Pancreatic Cancer Action Network Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Living With Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Living With Pancreatic Cancer Action Network Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Living With Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology Related Issues American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Cancer Society Reference Desk Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology Related Issues Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH <p>The pancreas is a gland behind your stomach and in front of your spine. It produces juices that help break down food and hormones that help control <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a> levels. Problems with the pancreas can lead to many health problems. These include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreatitis.html">Pancreatitis</a>, or inflammation of the pancreas: This happens when digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticcancer.html">Pancreatic cancer</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html">Cystic fibrosis</a>, a genetic disorder in which thick, sticky mucus can also block tubes in your pancreas</li> </ul> <p>The pancreas also plays a role in diabetes. In <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype1.html">type 1 diabetes</a>, the beta cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin because the body's immune system has attacked them. In <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html"> type 2 diabetes</a>, the pancreas loses the ability to secrete enough insulin in response to meals. </p> Digestive System Endocrine System Enfermedades del páncreas Pancreatic Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Cystic Fibrosis Pancreas Transplantation Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatitis Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Endocrine Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With National Pancreas Foundation Start Here National Pancreas Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pathology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Inflamación del páncreas <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreaticdiseases.html">páncreas</a> es una glándula grande ubicada detrás del estómago y cerca de la primera parte del intestino delgado que segrega jugos digestivos en el intestino delgado a través de un tubo llamado conducto pancreático. El páncreas también libera las hormonas insulina y glucagón en la sangre.</p> <p>La pancreatitis es una inflamación del páncreas. Esto ocurre cuando las enzimas digestivas comienzan a digerir el páncreas. La pancreatitis puede ser aguda o crónica. De cualquier forma es grave y puede traer complicaciones.</p> <p>La pancreatitis aguda ocurre de repente y generalmente desaparece en pocos días con tratamiento. A menudo es causada por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallstones.html">cálculos biliares</a>. Los síntomas comunes son dolor intenso en la parte superior del abdomen, náuseas y vómitos. El tratamiento suele ser líquidos por vía intravenosa, antibióticos y analgésicos durante unos días en el hospital.</p> <p>La pancreatitis crónica no se cura o mejora. Empeora con el tiempo y lleva a daño permanente. La causa más común es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">consumo excesivo de alcohol</a>. Otras causas pueden ser <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html">fibrosis quística</a> y otras enfermedades heredadas, grandes cantidades de calcio o grasa en la sangre, algunos medicamentos y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">enfermedades autoinmunes</a>. Los síntomas incluyen nauseas, vómitos, pérdida de peso y heces grasosas. El tratamiento suele ser fluidos, analgésicos por vía intravenosa y nutrición artificial durante unos días en el hospital. Luego de su estadía en el hospital, deberá tomar enzimas y llevar una dieta especial. También es importante no fumar ni beber alcohol. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Pancreatitis Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades del páncreas Pancreatitis aguda Pancreatitis crónica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>The <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticdiseases.html">pancreas</a> is a large gland behind the stomach and close to the first part of the small intestine. It secretes digestive juices into the small intestine through a tube called the pancreatic duct. The pancreas also releases the hormones insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream.</p> <p>Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. It happens when digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself. Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic. Either form is serious and can lead to complications.</p> <p>Acute pancreatitis occurs suddenly and usually goes away in a few days with treatment. It is often caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gallstones.html">gallstones</a>. Common symptoms are severe pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, and vomiting. Treatment is usually a few days in the hospital for intravenous (IV) fluids, antibiotics, and medicines to relieve pain.</p> <p>Chronic pancreatitis does not heal or improve. It gets worse over time and leads to permanent damage. The most common cause is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">heavy alcohol use</a>. Other causes include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html">cystic fibrosis</a> and other inherited disorders, high levels of calcium or fats in the blood, some medicines, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune conditions</a>. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and oily stools. Treatment may also be a few days in the hospital for intravenous (IV) fluids, medicines to relieve pain, and nutritional support. After that, you may need to start taking enzymes and eat a special diet. It is also important to not smoke or drink alcohol.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Pancreatitis Pancreatitis Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Pancreatic Diseases Acute Pancreatitis Chronic Pancreatitis Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Related Issues American College of Gastroenterology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Pancreas Foundation PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With National Pancreas Foundation Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children National Pancreas Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <h3>What is panic disorder?</h3> <p>Panic disorder is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety disorder</a>. It causes repeated panic attacks, which are sudden periods of intense fear, discomfort, or a sense of losing control. These attacks happen even though there is no real danger. They often cause physical symptoms. For example, you may have a rapid or pounding heartbeat and feel like you are having a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>.</p> <p>If you have panic attacks, it doesn't mean you will develop a panic disorder. Many people only have one or two panic attacks in their lifetime and get better without treatment.</p> <p>But some of the people who have panic attacks do develop panic disorder. They have repeated panic attacks. The attacks can happen as often as several times a day or as rarely as a few times a year. People with panic disorder often worry about having another attack. It may cause them to avoid places and situations where they had panic attacks in the past.</p> <p>Panic disorder is not life-threatening, but it can be upsetting and affect your quality of life. And if it is not treated, it can sometimes lead to other health conditions, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> and substance use disorders.</p> <h3>What causes panic disorder?</h3> <p>The cause of panic disorder is unknown. Researchers think that certain factors may play a role:</p> <ul> <li>Genetics - panic disorder sometimes runs in families. But no one knows for sure why some family members have it while others don't.</li> <li>Brain biology and chemistry.</li> <li>Your environment.</li> <li>Major <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop panic disorder?</h3> <p>Panic disorder is more common in women than men. It often starts in the late teens or early adulthood. Sometimes it starts when a person is under a lot of stress. People who have had trauma, especially in childhood, are more likely to develop panic disorder.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of panic disorder?</h3> <p>People with panic disorder may have:</p> <ul> <li>Sudden and repeated panic attacks of overwhelming anxiety and fear</li> <li>A feeling of being out of control or a fear of death during a panic attack</li> <li>An intense worry about another panic attack</li> <li>A fear or avoidance of places and situations where they had panic attacks in the past</li> <li>Physical symptoms during a panic attack, such as: <ul> <li>Pounding or racing heart</li> <li>Sweating or chills</li> <li>Trembling or shaking</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Trouble breathing</a></li> <li>The feeling that they are choking</li> <li>Weakness or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">dizziness</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a></li> <li>Stomach pain or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Panic attacks can happen anytime, without warning. They can last anywhere from a few minutes to over an hour.</p> <h3>How is panic disorder diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have panic disorder, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your medical history and symptoms</li> <li>May check if an unrelated physical problem is causing your symptoms, for example with: <ul> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>Blood tests to check for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">thyroid problems</a> and other possible conditions</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">Heart health tests</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>May do a<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/panic-disorder-test/"> panic disorder test</a></li> <li>May refer you to a mental health provider for the panic disorder test or other types of psychological evaluations</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for panic disorder?</h3> <p>Treatment for panic disorder usually includes one or more of the following:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Talk therapy</strong>, also called psychotherapy or counseling, which can help you understand your feelings. <ul> <li>It may include <strong>cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT),</strong> a type of talk therapy that helps you change your negative thoughts and how you react to things that cause you to feel anxiety.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medicines</strong>, including: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">Antidepressants</a>, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)</li> <li>Anti-anxiety medicines</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Your provider may also suggest that you follow a healthy lifestyle, which may help with panic disorder. It may include:</p> <ul> <li>Avoiding alcohol</li> <li>Reducing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">caffeine</a></li> <li>Eating regular meals</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">Getting enough sleep</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Getting regular exercise</a></li> </ul> <p>Joining a support group may also be helpful. Support groups can make you feel like you are not alone, and you may learn some new tips on how to cope.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health</p> Mental Health and Behavior Trastorno de pánico Panic Disorder Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Anxiety Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Anxiety and Depression Association of America Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Anxiety and Depression Association of America Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert NAMI Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Parotiditis <p>Las paperas son causadas por el virus de las paperas. La enfermedad comienza con estos síntomas:</p><ul> <li> Fiebre </li> <li> Dolor de cabeza </li> <li> Dolores musculares </li> <li> Cansancio </li> <li> Pérdida del apetito </li> </ul> <p>Luego de la aparición de estos síntomas, las glándulas salivales bajo las orejas o mandíbula se inflaman. Esta inflamación puede ser en uno o en los dos lados de la cara. Los síntomas duran entre siete a 10 días. Las complicaciones serias son muy raras. </p> <p>Se puede adquirir paperas por estar con otra persona que tenga la enfermedad. No existe un tratamiento para las paperas, pero la vacuna contra las paperas, el sarampión y la rubéola (triple viral o MMR, por sus siglas en inglés) pueden prevenirla. </p> <p> Antes de los programas de vacunación en los Estados Unidos, las paperas era una enfermedad muy común entre recién nacidos, bebés y jóvenes. En la actualidad, esta enfermedad es muy poco frecuente. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Niños y adolescentes Infecciones Mumps Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Vacunas para los niños Hombres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Hemiplegia Palsy Paraplegia Quadriplegia <p>Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part of your body. It happens when something goes wrong with the way messages pass between your brain and muscles. Paralysis can be complete or partial. It can occur on one or both sides of your body. It can also occur in just one area, or it can be widespread. Paralysis of the lower half of your body, including both legs, is called paraplegia. Paralysis of the arms and legs is quadriplegia. </p> <p>Most paralysis is due to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">strokes</a> or injuries such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html">spinal cord injury</a> or a broken neck. Other causes of paralysis include:</p><ul> <li>Nerve diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html">amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</a></li> <li> Autoimmune diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/guillainbarresyndrome.html">Guillain-Barre syndrome</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bellspalsy.html">Bell's palsy</a>, which affects muscles in the face</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html">Polio</a> used to be a cause of paralysis, but polio no longer occurs in the U.S.</p> Brain and Nerves Parálisis Paralysis Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Bell's Palsy Mobility Aids Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome Spinal Cord Injuries Hemiplegia Paraplegia Quadriplegia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Living With Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center Living With Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center Related Issues Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center Teenagers Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center Related Issues Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation Paralysis Resource Center <p>Parasites are living things that use other living things - like your body - for food and a place to live. You can get them from contaminated food or water, a bug bite, or sexual contact. Some parasitic diseases are easily treated and some are not.</p> <p>Parasites range in size from tiny, one-celled organisms called protozoa to worms that can be seen with the naked eye. Some parasitic diseases occur in the United States. Contaminated water supplies can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/giardiainfections.html">Giardia infections</a>. Cats can transmit <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toxoplasmosis.html">toxoplasmosis</a>, which is dangerous for pregnant women. Others, like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malaria.html">malaria</a>, are common in other parts of the world. </p> <p>If you are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/travelershealth.html">traveling</a>, it's important to drink only water you know is safe. Prevention is especially important. There are no vaccines for parasitic diseases. Some medicines are available to treat parasitic infections.</p> Infections Enfermedades parasitarias Parasitic Diseases Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Body Lice Chagas Disease Cryptosporidiosis Foodborne Illness Giardia Infections Head Lice Leishmaniasis Malaria Pinworms Scabies Toxoplasmosis Traveler's Health Trichomoniasis Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Reference Desk Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Most people have four pea-sized glands, called parathyroid glands, on the thyroid gland in the neck. Though their names are similar, the thyroid and parathyroid glands are completely different. The parathyroid glands make parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps your body keep the right balance of calcium and phosphorous.</p> <p>If your parathyroid glands make too much or too little hormone, it disrupts this balance. If they secrete extra PTH, you have hyperparathyroidism, and your blood calcium rises. In many cases, a benign tumor on a parathyroid gland makes it overactive. Or, the extra hormones can come from enlarged parathyroid glands. Very rarely, the cause is cancer.</p> <p>If you do not have enough PTH, you have hypoparathyroidism. Your blood will have too little calcium and too much phosphorous. Causes include injury to the glands, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html">endocrine disorders</a>, or genetic conditions. Treatment is aimed at restoring the balance of calcium and phosphorous.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Endocrine System Enfermedades de la paratiroides Parathyroid Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Hyperparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Endocrine Society Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Endocrine Society Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH <p>If you're a parent, you get plenty of suggestions on how to raise your child. From experts to other parents, people are always ready to offer advice. Parenting tips, parents' survival guides, dos, don'ts, shoulds and shouldn'ts - new ones come out daily.</p> <p>The truth is there is more than one "right" way to be a good parent. Good parenting includes:</p><ul> <li>Keeping your child safe</li> <li>Showing affection and listening to your child</li> <li>Providing order and consistency</li> <li>Setting and enforcing limits</li> <li>Spending time with your child</li> <li>Monitoring your child's friendships and activities</li> <li>Leading by example</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Children and Teenagers Social/Family Issues Crianza de los hijos Parenting Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Child Development Family Issues Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Start Here Nemours Foundation Specifics Children's Bureau PDF Teenagers National Institutes of Health NIH Teenagers Children's Bureau PDF Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Teenagers Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Specifics Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Patient Handouts Specifics Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Nemours Foundation Paralysis agitans Shaking palsy <p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html">movement disorder</a>. It happens when nerve cells in the brain don't produce enough of a brain chemical called dopamine. Sometimes it is genetic, but most cases do not seem to run in families. Exposure to chemicals in the environment might play a role.</p> <p>Symptoms begin gradually, often on one side of the body. Later they affect both sides. They include:</p><ul> <li>Trembling of hands, arms, legs, jaw and face </li> <li>Stiffness of the arms, legs and trunk </li> <li>Slowness of movement </li> <li>Poor balance and coordination </li> </ul> <p>As symptoms get worse, people with the disease may have trouble walking, talking, or doing simple tasks. They may also have problems such as depression, sleep problems, or trouble chewing, swallowing, or speaking.</p> <p>There is no specific test for PD, so it can be difficult to diagnose. Doctors use a medical history and a neurological examination to diagnose it.</p> <p>PD usually begins around age 60, but it can start earlier. It is more common in men than in women. There is no cure for PD. A variety of medicines sometimes help symptoms dramatically. Surgery and deep brain stimulation (DBS) can help severe cases. With DBS, electrodes are surgically implanted in the brain. They send electrical pulses to stimulate the parts of the brain that control movement.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Older Adults Brain and Nerves Enfermedad de Parkinson Parkinson Disease Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Movement Disorders Paralysis Agitans Shaking Palsy NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Living With Parkinson's Foundation Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Parkinson's Foundation PDF Related Issues Parkinson's Foundation Related Issues Parkinson's Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Living With Parkinson's Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Highway Traffic Safety Administration PDF Related Issues International Essential Tremor Foundation PDF Living With Parkinson's Foundation Living With Parkinson's Foundation Statistics and Research National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Living With Parkinson's Foundation PDF Diagnosis and Tests Parkinson's Foundation Living With Parkinson's Foundation Living With Parkinson's Foundation Living With Parkinson's Foundation Living With Parkinson's Foundation Symptoms Parkinson's Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Living With Parkinson's Foundation Symptoms Parkinson's Foundation Treatments and Therapies Parkinson's Foundation Related Issues Parkinson's Foundation Videos and Tutorials Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Alzheimer's Association NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Videos and Tutorials Parkinson's Foundation Video Reference Desk Parkinson's Foundation Treatments and Therapies Parkinson's Foundation Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Parkinson's Foundation Related Issues Parkinson's Foundation Related Issues Parkinson's Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Parkinson's Foundation Symptoms Parkinson's Foundation Statistics and Research Parkinson's Foundation Start Here Parkinson's Foundation Specifics Parkinson's Foundation Muerte cardíaca repentina Muerte cardíaca súbita <h3>¿Qué es un paro cardíaco?</h3> <p>El paro cardíaco, también conocido como paro cardiaco repentino o súbito, es una afección en la que el corazón deja de latir en forma repentina. Cuando esto ocurre, la sangre deja de fluir hacia el cerebro y otros órganos vitales. Si no se trata, el paro cardiaco suele causar la muerte en cuestión de minutos. Sin embargo, el tratamiento rápido con un desfibrilador puede salvarle la vida.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la diferencia entre un paro cardíaco y un ataque cardíaco?</h3> <p>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardíaco</a> es diferente a un paro cardiaco. Un ataque cardíaco ocurre cuando se bloquea el flujo de sangre al corazón. Durante un ataque cardíaco, en general el corazón no deja de latir repentinamente. En el paro cardiaco el corazón deja de latir.</p> <p>A veces, un paro cardíaco puede ocurrir después o durante la recuperación de un ataque cardíaco.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa un paro cardíaco?</h3> <p>Su corazón tiene un sistema eléctrico que controla la frecuencia y el ritmo de sus latidos. Un paro cardíaco puede ocurrir cuando el sistema eléctrico del corazón no funciona bien y causa latidos cardíacos irregulares conocidos como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">arritmias</a>. Hay diferentes tipos. Pueden hacer que el corazón lata demasiado rápido, demasiado lento o con un ritmo irregular. Algunos pueden hacer que el corazón deje de bombear sangre al cuerpo, causando un paro cardíaco.</p> <p>Ciertas enfermedades y afecciones pueden causar problemas eléctricos que lleven a un paro cardíaco. Estas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Fibrilación ventricular</strong>: Tipo de arritmia en la que los ventrículos (las cámaras inferiores del corazón) no laten en forma normal. En cambio, laten muy rápido y muy irregularmente. No logran bombear sangre al cuerpo. Es la causa más común de paro cardíaco</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a></strong>: También llamada enfermedad isquémica del corazón, esta afección ocurre cuando las arterias del corazón no pueden transportar suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno al corazón. A menudo, es causada por la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">acumulación de placa</a>, una sustancia cerosa, dentro del revestimiento de las arterias coronarias más grandes. La placa bloquea parte o la totalidad del flujo sanguíneo al corazón</li> <li>Algunos tipos de <strong>estrés físico</strong> pueden hacer que falle el sistema eléctrico de su corazón, como:</li> <ul> <li>Actividad física intensa en la que su cuerpo libera adrenalina. Esta hormona puede desencadenar un paro cardíaco en personas que tienen problemas del corazón</li> <li>Niveles muy bajos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html">potasio</a> o magnesio en la sangre: Estos minerales juegan un papel importante en el sistema eléctrico de su corazón</li> <li>Pérdida importante de sangre</li> <li>Falta severa de oxígeno</li> </ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">Ciertos trastornos hereditarios</a></strong> que pueden causar arritmias o problemas con la estructura de su corazón</li> <li><strong>Cambios estructurales en el corazón</strong>: Estos incluyen agrandamiento del corazón debido a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a> o enfermedad cardíaca avanzada. Las infecciones cardíacas también pueden causar cambios en la estructura del corazón</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene un mayor riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco?</h3> <p>Usted tiene un mayor riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene enfermedad de las arterias coronarias: La mayoría de las personas que sufren un paro cardiaco tienen enfermedad de las arterias coronarias. Pero, en general, la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias no causa síntomas, por lo que es posible que no sepa que la tiene</li> <li>Personas mayores (el riesgo aumenta con la edad)</li> <li>Es hombre (es más común en hombres que en mujeres)</li> <li>Es afroamericano, especialmente si tiene otras afecciones como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, presión arterial alta, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">insuficiencia cardíaca</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">enfermedad renal crónica</a></li> <li>Tiene historia clínica o familiar de latidos cardíacos irregulares (arritmia)</li> <li>Tiene historia clínica o familiar de paro cardíaco o trastornos hereditarios que pueden causar arritmia</li> <li>Tiene un problema de uso de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">alcohol</a></li> <li>Ha tenido un infarto</li> <li>Tiene insuficiencia cardíaca</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de un paro cardíaco?</h3> <p>Por lo general, el primer signo de un paro cardíaco es la <a href="fainting.html" tid="1898">pérdida del conocimiento (desmayo)</a>. Esto sucede cuando el corazón deja de latir.</p> <p>Algunas personas pueden tener latidos cardíacos acelerados o sentirse mareados o aturdidos justo antes de desmayarse. Y, en ocasiones, las personas presentan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">dolor de pecho</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">dificultad para respirar</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">náuseas o vómitos</a> dentro de una hora antes de tener un paro cardiaco.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica un paro cardíaco?</h3> <p>Un paro cardiaco ocurre sin previo aviso y requiere tratamiento de emergencia. Los profesionales de la salud rara vez diagnostican un paro cardíaco con pruebas médicas cuando está ocurriendo. En cambio, generalmente se diagnostica después de que ocurre. Los profesionales de la salud hacen esto descartando otras causas del colapso repentino de una persona.</p> <p>Si tiene un alto riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco, su profesional de la salud puede derivarlo a un cardiólogo, un especialista en enfermedades cardíacas. El cardiólogo puede solicitarle varias <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">pruebas de salud del corazón</a> para ver qué tan bien está funcionando. El médico trabajará con usted para decidir si necesita tratamiento para prevenir un paro cardíaco.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el paro cardíaco?</h3> <p>Un paro cardíaco es una emergencia. Una persona que tiene un paro cardíaco debe ser tratada de inmediato con un desfibrilador, un dispositivo que envía una descarga eléctrica al corazón. La descarga eléctrica puede restaurar un ritmo normal a un corazón que dejó de latir. Para que funcione bien, debe aplicarse a los pocos minutos de ocurrir un paro cardíaco.</p> <p>La mayoría de los oficiales de policía, técnicos de emergencias médicas y otros socorristas están capacitados y equipados para usar un desfibrilador. Llame al 911 de inmediato si alguien tiene signos o síntomas de paro cardíaco. Cuanto antes solicite ayuda, antes se podrá comenzar el tratamiento que salve vidas.</p> <h3>¿Qué debo hacer si creo que alguien ha tenido un paro cardíaco?</h3> <p>Muchos lugares públicos, como escuelas, empresas y aeropuertos, tienen desfibriladores externos automáticos. Estos dispositivos son desfibriladores especiales que personas no capacitadas pueden usar si creen que alguien ha tenido un paro cardíaco. Los desfibriladores externos automáticos están programados para dar una descarga eléctrica si detectan una arritmia peligrosa. Esto evita dar una descarga a alguien que puede haberse desmayado pero que no tiene un paro cardíaco.</p> <p>Si cree que alguien ha tenido un paro cardíaco, debe administrarle <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html">reanimación cardiopulmonar</a> hasta que se pueda realizar la desfibrilación.</p> <p>Las personas que están en riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco repentino pueden considerar tener un desfibrilador externo automático en casa. Pídale a su cardiólogo que lo ayude a decidir si tener este dispositivo en su hogar puede ayudar.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos después de sobrevivir a un paro cardíaco?</h3> <p>Si sobrevive a un paro cardíaco, es probable que lo hospitalicen para recibir atención y tratamiento continuos. En el hospital, su equipo médico vigilará de cerca su corazón. Es posible que le receten medicamentos para tratar de reducir el riesgo de otro paro cardíaco.</p> <p>También intentarán averiguar la causa del paro cardíaco. Si le diagnostican enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, es posible que le realicen una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html">angioplastía</a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html">cirugía de derivación de las arterias coronarias</a>. Estos procedimientos ayudan a restaurar el flujo sanguíneo a través de arterias coronarias estrechas o bloqueadas.</p> <p>A menudo, a las personas que han tenido un paro cardiaco se les coloca un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">desfibrilador cardioversor implantable</a>. Este pequeño dispositivo se implanta con una operación debajo de la piel de su pecho o abdomen. Un desfibrilador cardioversor implantable utiliza impulsos eléctricos o descargas para ayudar a controlar arritmias peligrosas.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir un paro cardíaco?</h3> <p>Es posible que pueda reducir su riesgo de sufrir un paro cardíaco si sigue un estilo de vida saludable para el corazón. Si tiene una enfermedad de las arterias coronarias u otra enfermedad del corazón, el tratamiento de esa afección también puede reducir su riesgo de paro cardíaco. Si ha tenido un paro cardíaco, la colocación de un desfibrilador cardioversor implantable puede reducir sus probabilidades de sufrir otro evento.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Sudden Cardiac Arrest Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Arritmia Marcapasos y desfibrilador implantable Reanimación cardiopulmonar Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Asociación Americana del Corazón Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Alumbramiento Dar a luz Nacimiento <p>Cuando esté lista para tener a su bebé, usted comenzará el trabajo de parto. Las señales de que vaya a dar a luz incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Las contracciones regulares comienzan a repetirse en forma más seguida </li> <li>Pérdida de líquido o sangrado de la vagina</li> <li>Dolor de espalda baja sordo</li> <li>Calambres abdominales</li> </ul> <p>Llame a su médico si presenta algunas de estas señales, incluso si se trata antes de la fecha de dar a luz. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html">trabajo de parto prematuro</a> puede comenzar antes de completar las 37 semanas de embarazo.</p> <p>El parto ocurre en tres etapas. La primera etapa comienza con contracciones. Continúa hasta que el cuello uterino se vuelve más delgado y dilatado (estirado) hasta tener unas cuatro pulgadas (10 centímetros) de ancho. La segunda es la etapa activa, en la que se empieza a empujar hacia abajo. La coronación es cuando la cabeza de su bebé se hace visible. Poco después su bebé nace. En la tercera etapa, usted expulsa la placenta. La placenta es el órgano que suministra alimento y oxígeno a su bebé durante el embarazo.</p> <p>Las madres y los bebés son monitoreados de cerca durante el parto. La mayoría de las mujeres son capaces de tener un bebé a través de un parto vaginal normal. Si se presentan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html">complicaciones</a>, puede ser necesario dar a luz con una cirugía mediante una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html">cesárea</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano </p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Childbirth Bebé prematuro Cesárea Cuidados después del parto Gemelos, trillizos, nacimiento múltiple Problemas de salud durante el embarazo Problemas durante el parto Trabajo de parto prematuro Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Mortinato Muerte fetal <p>Cuando una mujer pierde su embarazo después de 20 semanas, se le llama parto de un feto muerto. El parto de un feto muerto sucede por causas naturales. Puede suceder antes o durante el parto. Las causas incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Problemas con la placenta, el órgano que transporta oxígeno y nutrientes al feto</li> <li>Problemas genéticos del feto</li> <li>Infecciones del feto</li> <li>Otros problemas físicos del feto</li> </ul> <p>Por lo menos en la mitad de los casos, no se sabe por qué el bebé falleció.</p> <p>Si el feto muere antes del parto, su proveedor de cuidados de salud puede inducir el parto o realizar una cesárea para parir al feto. En otros casos, usted puede ir a trabajo de parto. Esto generalmente sucede dentro de las dos semanas de la muerte del feto.</p> <p>La asesoría puede ayudarla a sobrellevar el dolor. Más adelante, si usted desea intentarlo de nuevo, trabaje de cerca con su proveedor de cuidados para disminuir los riesgos. Muchas mujeres que experimentaron una muerte fetal tendrán bebés sanos.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo </p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Stillbirth Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Pérdida del embarazo Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>La parálisis es la pérdida de las funciones musculares en parte de su cuerpo. Ocurre cuando algo funciona mal en la transmisión de los mensajes entre el cerebro y los músculos. Las parálisis pueden ser totales o parciales. Puede ocurrir en uno o en ambos lados del cuerpo. También puede ocurrir sólo en un lugar o diseminarse. La parálisis de la mitad inferior del cuerpo, que afecta a ambas piernas, se denomina paraplejia. La parálisis que afecta los brazos y las piernas es una cuadriplegia. </p> <p>La mayoría de las parálisis se deben a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">derrames</a> o lesiones, como las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html">lesiones de la médula espinal</a> o una fractura en el cuello. Otras causas de parálisis incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Enfermedades nerviosas, tales como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html">esclerosis lateral amiotrófica</a> </li> <li> Enfermedades autoinmunes, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guillainbarresyndrome.html">síndrome de Guillain-Barré</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bellspalsy.html">Parálisis de Bell</a>, que afecta los músculos de la cara </li> </ul> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html">polio</a> (poliomielitis) solía ser una causa de parálisis, pero ya no hay casos de esta enfermedad en los Estados Unidos.</p> Cerebro y nervios Paralysis Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Aparatos para movilidad asistida Parálisis de Bell Polio y síndrome de post-polio Traumatismo de la médula espinal Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <h3>¿Qué es la parálisis cerebral?</h3> <p>La parálisis cerebral (PC) es un grupo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">trastornos neurológicos</a> que causan problemas del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html">movimiento</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html">equilibrio</a> y la postura. La primera parte del nombre de esta afección, parálisis, significa debilidad o problemas para usar los músculos; mientras que la segunda, cerebral, significa que tiene que ver con el cerebro.</p> <p>La parálisis cerebral puede variar de leve a grave. El daño cerebral y las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html">discapacidades</a> que provoca son permanentes. Sin embargo, los tratamientos pueden mejorar la vida de las personas que padecen esta afección. Por ejemplo, los tratamientos pueden ayudar a mejorar sus habilidades motoras y su capacidad de comunicarse.</p> <h3>¿Qué tipos de parálisis cerebral existen?</h3> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de parálisis cerebral:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Parálisis cerebral espástica</strong>: Es el tipo más común. Provoca un aumento del tono muscular, rigidez de los músculos y dificultad con los movimientos. A veces, solo afecta a una parte del cuerpo. En otros casos, puede afectar tanto a los brazos como a las piernas, el tronco y la cara</li> <li><strong>Parálisis cerebral discinética</strong>: Causa problemas para controlar el movimiento de manos, brazos, pies y piernas. Esto puede dificultar estar sentado y caminar</li> <li><strong>Parálisis cerebral atáxica</strong>: Causa problemas de equilibrio y coordinación</li> <li><strong>Parálisis cerebral mixta</strong>: Significa que tiene síntomas de más de un tipo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa la parálisis cerebral?</h3> <p>La causa de la parálisis cerebral es un desarrollo anormal o daño al cerebro en desarrollo. Cuando este desarrollo o daño ocurre antes del nacimiento, se conoce como parálisis cerebral congénita. La mayoría de los casos de parálisis cerebral son congénitos y sus causas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Cambios genéticos (variantes)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/brainmalformations.html">Malformaciones cerebrales</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">Infecciones</a> o fiebre en la madre embarazada</li> <li>Una lesión en el bebé en desarrollo</li> </ul> <p>La parálisis cerebral también puede ocurrir durante o después del nacimiento. La parálisis cerebral que ocurre más de 28 días después del nacimiento se conoce como parálisis cerebral adquirida. Sus causas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Daño cerebral en los primeros meses o años de vida</li> <li>Infecciones como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html">meningitis</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html">encefalitis</a></li> <li>Problemas con el flujo sanguíneo al cerebro, por ejemplo, debido a un accidente cerebrovascular o vasos sanguíneos anormales</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html">Lesiones en la cabeza</a>, por ejemplo, debido a un accidente automovilístico, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">caídas</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html">maltrato infantil</a></li> </ul> <p>En algunos casos, se desconoce la causa de la parálisis cerebral congénita o adquirida.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener parálisis cerebral?</h3> <p>Ciertas afecciones o eventos médicos que pueden ocurrir durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">embarazo</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html">parto</a> que pueden aumentar el riesgo de parálisis cerebral congénita. Estos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Nacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html">demasiado pequeño</a></li> <li>Nacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html">demasiado temprano</a></li> <li>Ser <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html">gemelo u otro tipo de nacimiento múltiple</a></li> <li>Ser concebido mediante fertilización in vitro u otra <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">tecnología de reproducción asistida</a></li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">Infecciones</a> en la persona embarazada</li> <li>Problemas de salud en la persona embarazada, como de problemas de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">tiroides</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">convulsiones</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html">Ictericia</a> severa en el recién nacido</li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html">complicaciones durante el parto</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rhincompatibility.html">Incompatibilidad Rh</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html">Exposición a químicos tóxicos durante el embarazo</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los signos de la parálisis cerebral?</h3> <p>Hay muchos tipos y niveles diferentes de discapacidad por parálisis cerebral, por lo que los signos pueden ser diferentes en cada niño. Estos signos suelen aparecer en los primeros meses de vida. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Retrasos en el desarrollo: Su hijo puede tardar en alcanzar hitos del desarrollo, como aprender a darse vuelta, sentarse, gatear o caminar</li> <li>Tono muscular anormal: Su hijo puede parecer flácido o puede estar rígido</li> <li>Postura inusual o favorecer un lado del cuerpo al alcanzar objetos, gatear o moverse</li> <li>Músculos rígidos o tensos y reflejos exagerados (espasticidad)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tremor.html">Temblores</a> en brazos, piernas, manos o pies</li> <li>Movimientos repentinos y sin control</li> </ul> <p>Es importante saber que los niños sin parálisis cerebral también pueden tener estos signos. Hable con el profesional de la salud de su hijo para saber si tiene alguno de estos signos y obtener un diagnóstico correcto.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la parálisis cerebral?</h3> <p>El diagnóstico de la parálisis cerebral implica varios pasos:</p> <ul> <li>Monitoreo (o vigilancia) del desarrollo significa observar el crecimiento y desarrollo de un niño a lo largo del tiempo. Si hay alguna inquietud sobre el desarrollo de su hijo, debe someterse a una prueba del desarrollo lo antes posible</li> <li>Prueba del desarrollo implica darle a su hijo un examen corto para detectar si tiene retrasos motores, de movimiento u otros retrasos del desarrollo. Si las pruebas de detección no son normales, el profesional de la salud recomendará más evaluaciones</li> <li>Evaluaciones médicas y del desarrollo se usan para diagnosticar el trastorno de su hijo. Para hacer el diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud: <ul> <li>Verificará las habilidades motoras, el tono muscular, los reflejos y la postura de su hijo</li> <li>Preguntará sobre su historia clínica</li> <li>Puede solicitar pruebas de laboratorio, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">pruebas genéticas</a> y / o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas por imágenes</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la parálisis cerebral?</h3> <p>No existe una cura para la parálisis cerebral, pero el tratamiento puede mejorar la vida de quienes la padecen. Es importante comenzar un programa de tratamiento lo antes posible.</p> <p>Un equipo de profesionales de la salud trabajará con usted y su hijo para desarrollar un plan de tratamiento. Los tratamientos comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Medicamentos</li> <li>Cirugía</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html">Aparatos para movilidad asistida</a> como aparatos ortopédicos y andadores</li> <li>Terapia física, ocupacional, recreativa y del habla</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la parálisis cerebral?</h3> <p>No se pueden prevenir los problemas genéticos que pueden causar parálisis cerebral, pero puede ser posible controlar o evitar algunos de sus factores de riesgo. Por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Si está embarazada, asegúrese de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html">vacunarse</a> contra infecciones que podrían causar parálisis cerebral en su bebé en desarrollo</li> <li>Reciba <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html">atención prenatal</a> regular, que puede reducir el riesgo de parto prematuro o de tener un bebé con bajo peso al nacer. También puede ayudarla a controlar cualquier problema de salud que pueda aumentar el riesgo de parálisis cerebral</li> <li>Usar asientos de seguridad para bebés y niños pequeños para prevenir lesiones en la cabeza que podrían causar parálisis cerebral, una posible causa de parálisis cerebral</li> </ul> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Cerebral Palsy Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Parálisis de los músculos faciales Parálisis del nervio facial Parálisis facial <p>La parálisis de Bell es la forma más común de parálisis. Suele afectar únicamente un lado de la cara. Los síntomas aparecen de repente y suelen ser peores a las 48 horas de haber comenzado. Pueden ser de leves a severos e incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Tics</li> <li>Debilidad</li> <li>Parálisis</li> <li>Caída del párpado y de la comisura de la boca</li> <li>Baboseo</li> <li>Sequedad del ojo de la boca</li> <li>Lagrimeo excesivo del ojo </li> <li>Deterioro del gusto </li> </ul> <p>Los científicos creen que una infección viral es la que provoca la hinchazón o inflamación del nervio facial. Es más probable que se presente una parálisis de Bell en las pacientes embarazadas, en diabéticos o en personas con gripe o un resfrío. </p> <p>Tres de cada cuatro pacientes mejoran sin tratamiento. Con o sin tratamiento, la mayoría de las personas empieza a mejorar en 2 semanas y se recupera completamente 3 a 6 meses después. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Bell's Palsy Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Parálisis facial Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Demencia con distonía de la nuca Síndrome de Richardson-Steele-Olszewski <h3>¿Qué es la parálisis supranuclear progresiva?</h3> <p>La parálisis supranuclear progresiva es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braindiseases.html">enfermedad cerebral</a> poco común. Ocurre por un daño en las células del cerebro. Esta parálisis afecta su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html">movimiento</a>, incluyendo el control del caminar y el equilibrio. También afecta el pensamiento y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyemovementdisorders.html">movimiento del ojo</a>.</p> <p>Como su nombre lo indica, es progresiva, lo que significa que empeora con el tiempo.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la parálisis supranuclear progresiva?</h3> <p>No se conoce la causa de la parálisis supranuclear progresiva. En casos raros, la causa es una mutación en un determinado gen.</p> <p>Un signo de esta parálisis es la acumulación anormal de proteínas tau en células nerviosas en el cerebro. Tau es una proteína del sistema nervioso, incluyendo las células nerviosas. Otras enfermedades también causan una acumulación de tau en el cerebro, como por ejemplo la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">enfermedad de Alzheimer</a>.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener parálisis supranuclear progresiva?</h3> <p>En general, afecta a personas mayores de 60 años, pero en algunos casos puede comenzar antes. Es más común en los hombres.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la parálisis supranuclear progresiva?</h3> <p>Los síntomas son muy diferentes para cada persona, pero pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html">Pérdida del equilibrio</a> al caminar: A menudo, este es el primer síntoma</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">Problemas del habla</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">Dificultad para tragar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Visión borrosa</a> y problemas para controlar el movimiento de los ojos</li> <li>Cambios en el estado de ánimo y el comportamiento, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y apatía (pérdida del interés y del entusiasmo)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">Demencia</a> leve</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la parálisis supranuclear progresiva?</h3> <p>No hay una prueba específica para parálisis supranuclear progresiva. Puede ser difícil de diagnosticar, porque los síntomas son similares a otras enfermedades, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html">mal de Parkinson</a> y la enfermedad de Alzheimer.</p> <p>Para diagnosticarla, su proveedor de salud tomará su historia médica y le realizará exámenes físicos y neurológicos. Es posible que se someta a una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a> u otras pruebas de imagen.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la parálisis supranuclear progresiva?</h3> <p>Actualmente, no existe un tratamiento eficaz para la parálisis supranuclear progresiva. Los medicamentos pueden ayudar con algunos síntomas. Algunos tratamientos no farmacológicos, como andadores para caminar y anteojos especiales, también pueden ayudar. Las personas con problemas graves para tragar pueden necesitar una gastrostomía, una cirugía para insertar una sonda de alimentación en el estómago.</p> <p>La parálisis supranuclear progresiva empeora con el tiempo. Muchas personas quedan gravemente discapacitadas dentro de 3 a 5 años después de haber sido diagnosticadas. La parálisis no es mortal por sí sola, pero puede ser peligrosa porque aumenta el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a>, asfixia por tragar y lesiones por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">caídas</a>. Pero con un buen cuidado de las necesidades médicas y nutricionales, muchas personas con parálisis supranuclear progresiva pueden vivir 10 o más años después de los primeros síntomas de la enfermedad.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Parálisis progresiva supranuclear Richardson-Steele-Olszewski, Síndrome de Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <h3>What are patient rights?</h3> <p>As a patient, you have certain rights. Some are guaranteed by federal law, such as the right to get a copy of your medical records and the right to keep them private and secure. Many states have additional laws protecting patients. And some states, insurance plans, medical organizations, and health care facilities have their own patient bill of rights.</p> <p>Some other examples of patient rights include:</p> <ul> <li>Being treated with respect</li> <li>Not being discriminated against in your medical care</li> <li>The right to refuse treatment</li> <li>The right of informed consent</li> </ul> <h3>What is informed consent?</h3> <p>Informed consent is an important patient right. It is a process in which your health care provider gives you the information you need to make decisions about your care. The types of care could be treatments, procedures, genetic testing, or clinical trials. The information should include the risks and benefits of the care, as well as details about your medical condition.</p> <p>It's important that you understand everything before you give consent. Sometimes your provider will ask you to sign a form to give your consent. This is called written consent.</p> <p>You have the right to change your mind about consent at any time.</p> <h3>Where can I get help with patient rights?</h3> <p>There are different resources that can help you if you have a problem with your patient rights:</p> <ul> <li>Many hospitals have patient advocates. These are people who can help guide you through the health care system and make sure that your rights are protected. </li><li>Your state may have resources to help you, such as: <ul> <li>Your state may have an office (called an ombudsmen office) for problems with long term care.</li> <li>Your state's department of health may be able to help.</li> <li>States also have oversight agencies for insurance companies and various types of health care facilities and providers. These agencies make sure that these organizations and providers follow the rules so you can get quality care.</li> </ul> </li><li>The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has an Office for Civil Rights (OCR). You can file a complaint with them if you feel you have been discriminated against in your medical care or if you think your health information privacy rights have been violated.</li> </ul> Health System Personal Health Issues Derechos del paciente Patient Rights Spanish End of Life Issues Family Issues Patient Safety Personal Health Records Informed Consent Ombudsman Programs Privacy Second Opinion Find an Expert Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights Find an Expert National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care Related Issues American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Cancer Society Journal Articles Start Here Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights PDF Specifics Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services <p>You can help prevent medical errors by being an active member of your health care team. Research shows that patients who are more involved with their care tend to get better results. To reduce the risk of medical errors, you can:</p><ul> <li>Ask questions if you have doubts or concerns. Take a relative or friend to your doctor appointment to help you ask questions and understand answers.</li> <li>Make sure you understand what will happen if you need surgery</li> <li>Tell your health care providers about all the medicines you take, including over-the-counter drugs and dietary supplements. Tell them if you have any allergies or bad reactions to anesthesia. Make sure you know how to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medicationerrors.html">take your medications correctly</a>. </li> <li>Get a second opinion about treatment options</li> <li>Keep a copy of your own <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/personalhealthrecords.html">medical history</a></li> </ul> <p class="">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</p> Health System Personal Health Issues Seguridad del paciente Patient Safety Patient Harm Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Medication Errors Patient Rights Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Statistics and Research Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Statistics and Research Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Statistics and Research World Health Organization Journal Articles Start Here Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Related Issues Joint Commission Specifics Joint Commission PDF Children Joint Commission PDF Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Cystocele Enterocele Pelvic prolapse Rectocele <p>The pelvic floor is a group of muscles and other tissues that form a sling or hammock across the pelvis. In women, it holds the uterus, bladder, bowel, and other pelvic organs in place so that they can work properly. The pelvic floor can become weak or be injured. The main causes are pregnancy and childbirth. Other causes include being overweight, radiation treatment, surgery, and getting older.</p> <p>Common symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Feeling heaviness, fullness, pulling, or aching in the vagina. It gets worse by the end of the day or during a bowel movement.</li> <li>Seeing or feeling a "bulge" or "something coming out" of the vagina</li> <li>Having a hard time starting to urinate or emptying the bladder completely</li> <li>Having frequent urinary tract infections</li> <li>Leaking urine when you cough, laugh, or exercise</li> <li>Feeling an urgent or frequent need to urinate</li> <li>Feeling pain while urinating</li> <li>Leaking stool or having a hard time controlling gas</li> <li>Being constipated</li> <li>Having a hard time making it to the bathroom in time</li> </ul> <p>Your health care provider diagnoses the problem with a physical exam, a pelvic exam, or special tests. Treatments include special pelvic muscle exercises called Kegel exercises. A mechanical support device called a pessary helps some women. Surgery and medicines are other treatments.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Women Female Reproductive System Problemas del piso pélvico Pelvic Floor Disorders Pelvic Organ Prolapse Rectal Prolapse Rectocele Urinary Incontinence, Stress Uterine Prolapse Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Urinary Incontinence Uterine Diseases Cystocele Uterine Prolapse Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Food and Drug Administration Prevention and Risk Factors American Urogynecologic Society Treatments and Therapies American Urogynecologic Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Specifics American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues American Urogynecologic Society PID <p>Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection and inflammation of the uterus, ovaries, and other female reproductive organs. It causes scarring in these organs. This can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic pain, abscesses, and other serious problems. PID is the most common preventable cause of infertility in the United States.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gonorrhea.html">Gonorrhea</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html">chlamydia</a>, two <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs), are the most common causes of PID. Other bacteria can also cause it. You are at greater risk if you:</p><ul> <li>Are sexually active and younger than 25</li> <li>Have more than one sex partner</li> <li>Douche</li> </ul> <p>Some women have no symptoms. Others have pain in the lower abdomen, fever, smelly vaginal discharge, irregular bleeding, and pain during intercourse or urination. Doctors diagnose PID with a physical exam, lab tests, and imaging tests. Antibiotics can cure PID. Early treatment is important. Waiting too long increases the risk of infertility.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</p> Women Infections Female Reproductive System Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Sexually Transmitted Infections PID Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles <p>Pelvic pain occurs mostly in the lower <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">abdomen</a> area. The pain might be steady, or it might come and go. It can be a sharp and stabbing pain in a specific spot, or a dull pain that is spread out. If the pain is severe, it might get in the way of your daily activities.</p> <p>If you're a woman, you might feel pain during your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">period</a>. It could also happen when you have sex. Pelvic pain can be a sign that there is a problem with one of the organs in your pelvic area, such as the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, or vagina. If you're a man, the cause could be problem with the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html">prostate</a>. In men and women, it could be a symptom of infection, or a problem with the urinary tract, lower intestines, rectum, muscle, or bone. Some women have more than one cause of pelvic pain at the same time.</p> <p>You might have to have lab, imaging, or other medical tests to find the cause of the pain. The treatment will depend on the cause, how bad the pain is, and how often it occurs.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Women Symptoms Sexual Health Issues Female Reproductive System Dolor pélvico Pudendal Neuralgia Pelvic Pain Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Abdominal Pain Sexual Problems in Women Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Society of Interventional Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Start Here Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>Pemphigus is an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune disorder</a>. If you have it, your immune system attacks healthy cells in your skin and mouth, causing blisters and sores. No one knows the cause. Pemphigus does not spread from person to person. It does not appear to be inherited. But some people's genes put them more at risk for pemphigus.</p> <p>Pemphigoid is also an autoimmune skin disease. It leads to deep blisters that do not break easily. Pemphigoid is most common in older adults and may be fatal for older, sick patients.</p> <p>Doctors diagnose pemphigus with a physical exam, a biopsy, and blood tests. The treatment of pemphigus and pemphigoid is the same: one or more medicines to control symptoms. These may include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">Steroids</a>, which reduce inflammation</li> <li>Drugs that suppress the immune system response</li> <li>Antibiotics to treat associated infections</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Immune System Pénfigo Pemphigoid Gestationis Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane Pemphigus Pemphigoid, Bullous Pemphigus, Benign Familial Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Bullous Pemphigoid Pemphigoid Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Journal Articles Penile disorders <p>Problems with the penis can cause pain and affect a man's sexual function and fertility. Penis disorders include:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html">Erectile dysfunction</a> - inability to get or keep an erection </li> <li> Priapism - a painful erection that does not go away </li> <li> Peyronie's disease - bending of the penis during an erection due to a hard lump called a plaque </li> <li> Balanitis - inflammation of the skin covering the head of the penis, most often in men and boys who have not been circumcised </li> <li> Penile cancer - a rare form of cancer, highly curable when caught early </li> </ul> Men Sexual Health Issues Male Reproductive System Enfermedades del pene Penile Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Circumcision Erectile Dysfunction Male Infertility Sexually Transmitted Infections Testicular Disorders Balanitis Male Genital Disorders Penile Disorders Peyronie's Disease Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Endocrine Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Teenagers Nemours Foundation Living With American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Duodenal ulcer Gastric ulcer Stomach ulcer Ulcer <p>A peptic ulcer is a sore in the lining of your stomach or your duodenum, the first part of your small intestine. A burning stomach pain is the most common symptom. The pain:</p><ul> <li>Starts between meals or during the night</li> <li>Briefly stops if you eat or take antacids</li> <li>Lasts for minutes to hours</li> <li>Comes and goes for several days or weeks</li> </ul> <p>Peptic ulcers happen when the acids that help you digest food damage the walls of the stomach or duodenum. The most common cause is infection with a bacterium called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html">Helicobacter pylori</a>. Another cause is the long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen. Stress and spicy foods do not cause ulcers, but can make them worse. </p> <p>To see if you have an H. pylori infection, your doctor will test your blood, breath, or stool. Your doctor also may look inside your stomach and duodenum by doing an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endoscopy.html">endoscopy</a> or x-ray.</p> <p>Peptic ulcers will get worse if not treated. Treatment may include medicines to reduce stomach acids or antibiotics to kill H. pylori. Antacids and milk can't heal peptic ulcers. Not smoking and avoiding alcohol can help. You may need surgery if your ulcers don't heal.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Úlcera péptica Peptic Ulcer Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Helicobacter Pylori Infections Stomach Disorders Duodenal Ulcer Stomach Ulcer Ulcers Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here American College of Gastroenterology Journal Articles Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Symptoms National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Las perforaciones y los tatuajes son decoraciones en el cuerpo que se remontan a tiempos inmemoriales. Las perforaciones corporales implican abrir agujeros en la piel para poder insertar piezas de joyería. En forma frecuente se hace en el lóbulo de la oreja, pero puede ser en otras partes del cuerpo. Los tatuajes son dibujos sobre la piel hechos con agujas y tintas de colores. Un tatuaje permanente tiene como propósito durar toda la vida. El maquillaje permanente es un tipo de tatuaje.</p> <p>Los riesgos contra la salud de las perforaciones y los tatuajes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Reacciones alérgicas</li> <li>Queloides, un tipo de cicatriz que se forma durante la curación</li> <li>Infecciones, tales como la hepatitis</li> </ul> <p>Para disminuir los riesgos, asegúrese de que el centro donde se realiza el procedimiento sea limpio, seguro y tenga una buena reputación. La esterilización adecuada del equipo es importante. Asegúrese de seguir las instrucciones para el cuidado de la piel.</p> <p>Los agujeros de las perforaciones suelen cerrarse si no se utilizan joyas en ellos. Es posible eliminar los tatuajes, pero es doloroso y puede dejar cicatrices.</p> Niños y adolescentes Salud oral y dental Piel, cabello y uñas Piercing and Tattoos Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Fácil de leer Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos <p>The pericardium is a membrane, or sac, that surrounds your heart. It holds the heart in place and helps it work properly. Problems with the pericardium include:</p><ul> <li>Pericarditis - an inflammation of the sac. It can be from a virus or other infection, a heart attack, heart surgery, other medical conditions, injuries, and certain medicines.</li> <li>Pericardial effusion - the buildup of fluid in the sac</li> <li>Cardiac tamponade - a serious problem in which buildup of fluid in the sac causes problems with the function of the heart</li> </ul> <p>Symptoms of pericardial problems include chest pain, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. Fever is a common symptom of acute pericarditis. Your doctor may use a physical exam, imaging tests, and heart tests to make a diagnosis. Treatment depends on the cause.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Trastornos del pericardio Pericarditis Pericardial Effusion Cardiac Tamponade Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Heart Attack Heart Diseases Heart Health Tests Pericardial Effusion Pericarditis Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Find an Expert American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Texas Heart Institute Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Dysmenorrhea Menstrual cramps Menstrual pain <h3>What are painful periods?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">Menstruation</a>, or period, is normal vaginal bleeding that happens as part of a woman's monthly cycle. Many women have painful periods, also called dysmenorrhea. The pain is most often menstrual cramps, which are a throbbing, cramping pain in your lower abdomen. You may also have other symptoms, such as lower back pain, nausea, diarrhea, and headaches. Period pain is not the same as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/premenstrualsyndrome.html">premenstrual syndrome</a> (PMS). PMS causes many different symptoms, including weight gain, bloating, irritability, and fatigue. PMS often starts one to two weeks before your period starts.</p> <h3>What causes painful periods?</h3> <p>There are two types of dysmenorrhea: primary and secondary. Each type has different causes.</p> <p>Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common kind of period pain. It is period pain that is not caused by another condition. The cause is usually having too many prostaglandins, which are chemicals that your uterus makes. These chemicals make the muscles of your uterus tighten and relax, and this causes the cramps.</p> <p>The pain can start a day or two before your period. It normally lasts for a few days, though in some women it can last longer.</p> <p>You usually first start having period pain when you are younger, just after you begin getting periods. Often, as you get older, you have less pain. The pain may also get better after you have given birth.</p> <p>Secondary dysmenorrhea often starts later in life. It is caused by conditions that affect your uterus or other reproductive organs, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html">endometriosis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html">uterine fibroids</a>. This kind of pain often gets worse over time. It may begin before your period starts and continue after your period ends.</p> <h3>What can I do about period pain?</h3> <p>To help ease your period pain, you can try:</p><ul> <li>Using a heating pad or hot water bottle on your lower abdomen</li> <li>Getting some exercise</li> <li>Taking a hot bath</li> <li>Doing relaxation techniques, including yoga and meditation</li> </ul> <p>You might also try taking over-the-counter pain relievers such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs include ibuprofen and naproxen. Besides relieving pain, NSAIDs reduce the amount of prostaglandins that your uterus makes and lessen their effects. This helps to lessen the cramps. You can take NSAIDs when you first have symptoms, or when your period starts. You can keep taking them for a few days. You should not take NSAIDS if you have ulcers or other stomach problems, bleeding problems, or liver disease. You should also not take them if you are allergic to aspirin. Always check with your health care provider if you are not sure whether or not you should take NSAIDs.</p> <p>It may also help to get enough rest and avoid using alcohol and tobacco.</p> <h3>When should I get medical help for my period pain?</h3> <p>For many women, some pain during your period is normal. However, you should contact your health care provider if:</p><ul> <li>NSAIDs and self-care measures don't help, and the pain interferes with your life</li> <li>Your cramps suddenly get worse</li> <li>You are over 25 and you get severe cramps for the first time</li> <li>You have a fever with your period pain</li> <li>You have the pain even when you are not getting your period</li> </ul> <h3>How is the cause of severe period pain diagnosed?</h3> <p>To diagnose severe period pain, your health care provider will ask you about your medical history and do a pelvic exam. You may also have an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a> or other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging test</a>. If your health care provider thinks you have secondary dysmenorrhea, you might have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/laparoscopy/">laparoscopy</a>. It is a surgery that that lets your health care provider look inside your body.</p> <h3>What are treatments for severe period pain?</h3> <p>If your period pain is primary dysmenorrhea and you need medical treatment, your health care provider might suggest using hormonal birth control, such as the pill, patch, ring, or IUD. Another treatment option might be prescription pain relievers.</p> <p>If you have secondary dysmenorrhea, your treatment depends upon the condition that is causing the problem. In some cases, you may need surgery.</p> Women Female Reproductive System Dolor menstrual Dysmenorrhea Spanish Dysmenorrhea Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Boston Children's Hospital Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles PAD <p>Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) happens when there is a narrowing of the blood vessels outside of your heart. The cause of PAD is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">atherosclerosis</a>. This happens when plaque builds up on the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the arms and legs. Plaque is a substance made up of fat and cholesterol. It causes the arteries to narrow or become blocked. This can reduce or stop blood flow, usually to the legs. If severe enough, blocked blood flow can cause tissue death and can sometimes lead to amputation of the foot or leg.</p> <p>The main risk factor for PAD is smoking. Other risk factors include older age and diseases like diabetes, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke.</p> <p>Many people who have PAD don't have any symptoms. If you have symptoms, they may include:</p><ul> <li>Pain, numbness, achiness, or heaviness in the leg muscles. This happens when walking or climbing stairs.</li> <li>Weak or absent pulses in the legs or feet</li> <li>Sores or wounds on the toes, feet, or legs that heal slowly, poorly, or not at all</li> <li>A pale or bluish color to the skin</li> <li>A lower temperature in one leg than the other leg</li> <li>Poor nail growth on the toes and decreased hair growth on the legs</li> <li>Erectile dysfunction, especially among men who have diabetes</li> </ul> <p>PAD can increase your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html">transient ischemic attack</a>.</p> <p>Doctors diagnose PAD with a physical exam and heart and imaging tests. Treatments include lifestyle changes, medicines, and sometimes surgery. Lifestyle changes include dietary changes, exercise, and efforts to lower high <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">cholesterol</a> levels and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Enfermedad arterial periférica Peripheral Arterial Disease Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Atherosclerosis Gangrene Vascular Diseases Arteriosclerosis of Extremities Claudication Intermittent Claudication PAD Start Here American Heart Association Find an Expert American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk Vascular Cures Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnosis and Tests American Heart Association Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Prevention and Risk Factors American Heart Association Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Neuritis Peripheral neuritis Peripheral neuropathy <h3>What are peripheral nerves?</h3> <p>Nerves are like wires that carry messages back and forth between your brain and your body. Your peripheral nerves branch off from your brain and spinal cord and connect to all parts of your body, including your muscles and organs. Peripheral nerves carry messages from your brain that control your movement, breathing, heartbeat, digestion, and more. They also carry messages from your body to your brain, so you can feel things, such as pain, heat, and cold.</p> <h3>What are peripheral nerve disorders?</h3> <p>Peripheral nerve disorders happen when one or more peripheral nerves are damaged. Damaged nerves may not carry messages correctly, or they may not work at all. As a result, you may have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html">pain</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html">trouble walking</a>, or a variety of other problems, depending on which nerves are involved.</p> <p>Peripheral nerve disorders are very common. There are more than 100 different types.</p> <h3>What causes peripheral nerve disorders?</h3> <p>Many things can damage nerves and lead to peripheral nerve disorders:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></strong> is the most common cause of peripheral nerve disorders. Most people with diabetes will develop <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticnerveproblems.html">diabetic nerve problems</a>.</li> <li><strong>Physical injury</strong> (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html">trauma</a>) that stretches, crushes, squeezes, cuts, or puts pressure on one or more nerves. Some examples of peripheral nerve disorders from physical injury include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html">complex regional pain syndrome</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/brachialplexusinjuries.html">brachial plexus injuries</a>.</li> <li><strong>Health conditions</strong>, including: <ul> <li><strong>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancers</a> and their treatment</strong> (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation therapy</a>).</li> <li><strong>Infections</strong>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymedisease.html">Lyme disease</a>.</li> <li><strong>Problems with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blooddisorders.html">blood</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html">blood vessels</a>.</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">Autoimmune diseases</a></strong>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html">rheumatoid arthritis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html">lupus</a>.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">Kidney</a></strong> or <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver disease</a></strong>.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Certain medicines.</strong></li> <li><strong>Contact with certain toxic substances</strong>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html">lead</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html">mercury</a>.</li> <li><strong><a href="alcoholusedisorderaud.html" tid="120">Alcohol use disorder (AUD)</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">smoking</a>.</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">Vitamin imbalances</a></strong>, especially a lack of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-b-test/">vitamin B12</a>.</li> <li><strong>Your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/gene/">genes</a></strong>, including changes in your genes or conditions that you inherit from your parents, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/charcotmarietoothdisease.html">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease</a>.</li> </ul> <p>In certain cases, the cause of peripheral nerve disorder is not known.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of peripheral nerve disorders?</h3> <p>The symptoms of peripheral nerve disorders depend on which nerves are affected, what is causing the damage, and how serious it is:</p> <!-- TABLE BEGINS HERE --> <table border="0" class="info-table-1" width="100%"> <thead> <tr> <th>Types of nerves</th> <th>Possible symptoms of nerve damage</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td><strong>Motor nerves</strong> control your muscles and all your movement, such as walking, talking, and using your hands.</td> <td> <ul> <li>Weak or aching muscles</li> <li>Problems with balance, walking, or using your arms and hands</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musclecramps.html">Cramps</a> or twitching muscles</li> <li>Muscle shrinking</li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td><strong>Sensory nerves</strong> carry messages to your brain from your senses, including touch, hot and cold, and pain.</td> <td> <ul> <li>Tingling, numbness, or pain often in the hands and feet</li> <li>Not being able to feel heat, cold, or pain, such as a cut on your foot</li> <li>Pain from even light touch</li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html">Autonomic nerves</a></strong> send messages to your organs to control breathing, digestion, and other body functions that happen without thinking about them.</td> <td> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">A heartbeat that's too fast or too slow</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">Trouble swallowing</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sweat.html">Sweating</a> too much or too little</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vomiting</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">constipation</a></li> <li>Problems with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html">urination</a> or sexual function</li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <br/> <!-- TABLE ENDS HERE --> <p>Symptoms may range from mild to very strong. They may develop quickly over days or slowly over months and years. But they are rarely life-threatening.</p> <h3>How are peripheral nerve disorders diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have a peripheral nerve disorder, your provider will:</p> <ul> <li>Ask about your medical history</li> <li>Ask about your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/familyhistory.html">family health history</a></li> <li>Do a physical exam</li> <li>Order tests, which may include: <ul> <li>Blood tests</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">Genetic tests</a></li> <li>Nerve tests that measure: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">Electrical activity in your nerves and muscles</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/autonomic-testing/">How well your autonomic nerves are working</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a> of nerve or skin tissue</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a> scan to see what may be pressing on your nerves</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for peripheral nerve disorders?</h3> <p>It's important to treat any conditions that are causing nerve damage. In certain cases, that will allow your nerves to heal over time.</p> <p>Treatment for symptoms depends on the type of peripheral nerve disorder you have, where it is, and how severe. Treatment options include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Braces or splints</strong></li> <li>Over-the-counter <strong>patches and skin creams</strong></li> <li><strong>Prescription medicines</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nondrugpainmanagement.html">Non-drug pain management</a></strong>, such as electrical stimulation or relaxation therapy</li> <li><strong>Surgery</strong> to relieve pressure on a nerve</li> </ul> <h3>Can peripheral nerve disorders be prevented?</h3> <p>You can help prevent peripheral nerve disorders by:</p> <ul> <li>Managing health conditions that may cause nerve damage, especially diabetes</li> <li>Preventing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">falls</a> and accidents</li> <li>Avoiding toxic substances</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ergonomics.html">Being careful to avoid repeated motions and body positions</a> that press on your nerves</li> <li>Eating a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html">balanced diet</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">exercising</a>, limiting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">not smoking</a></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico Peripheral Nerve Injuries Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Brachial Plexus Injuries Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Degenerative Nerve Diseases Diabetic Nerve Problems Guillain-Barre Syndrome Pain Sciatica Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Trigeminal Neuralgia Neuropathy Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Foundation for Peripheral Neuropathy Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Videos and Tutorials Foundation for Peripheral Neuropathy Video Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests North American Spine Society Symptoms Foundation for Peripheral Neuropathy Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Reference Desk Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Your peritoneum is the tissue that lines your abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in your abdomen. A liquid, peritoneal fluid, lubricates the surface of this tissue.</p> <p>Disorders of the peritoneum are not common. They include:</p><ul> <li>Peritonitis - an inflammation of the peritoneum</li> <li>Cancer</li> <li>Complications from peritoneal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">dialysis</a></li> </ul> <p>Your doctor may use imaging tests or lab tests to analyze the peritoneal fluid to diagnose the problem. Treatment of peritoneal disorders depends on the cause.</p> Digestive System Enfermedades peritoneales Peritoneal Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Abdominal Pain Dialysis Peritonitis Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American College of Gastroenterology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Related Issues Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Electronic health records Patient health record <p>You've probably seen your chart at your doctor's office. In fact, you may have charts at several doctors' offices. If you've been in the hospital, you have a chart there, too. These charts are your medical records. They may be on paper or electronic. To keep track of all this information, it's a good idea to keep your own personal health record. </p> <p>What kind of information would you put in a personal health record? You could start with:</p><ul> <li> Your name, birth date, blood type, and emergency contact information</li> <li> Date of last physical</li> <li> Dates and results of tests and screenings</li> <li> Major illnesses and surgeries, with dates</li> <li> A list of your medicines and supplements, the dosages, and how long you've taken them</li> <li> Any allergies</li> <li> Any chronic diseases</li> <li> Any history of illnesses in your family</li> </ul> Social/Family Issues Health System Personal Health Issues Historia clínica Health Records, Personal Meaningful Use Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Spanish Family History Patient Safety Confidentiality Electronic Health Records HIPAA Patient Portals Patient Records Privacy Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights Children Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights Teenagers Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Related Issues Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology PDF Related Issues Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Statistics and Research Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology Related Issues Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology Journal Articles Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation <h3>What is personality?</h3> <p>Your personality is your own way of thinking, feeling, behaving, and relating to others. Once you become an adult, your personality usually doesn't change much.</p> <h3>What are personality disorders?</h3> <p>Personality disorders are a group of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental disorders</a>. They involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that are different from what is considered normal in your culture. The thoughts and behaviors are unhealthy and inflexible. They cause serious problems with relationships, work, and social activities. They can make it hard to deal with everyday stresses and problems.</p> <h3>What are the types of personality disorders?</h3> <p>There are 10 types of personality disorders. They are grouped into three different categories called clusters. The types in each cluster have some similar symptoms and characteristics. The clusters and types are:</p> <p><strong>Cluster A</strong> personality disorders involve unusual and odd thoughts and behaviors. It includes:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Paranoid personality disorder,</strong> in which a person has paranoia (an extreme fear and distrust of others). They may think that someone is trying to harm them.</li> <li><strong>Schizoid personality disorder,</strong> in which a person prefers to be alone and is not interested in having relationships with others.</li> <li><strong>Schizotypal personality disorder,</strong> in which a person has unusual thoughts and ways of behaving and speaking. They are uncomfortable having close relationships with others.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Cluster B</strong> personality disorders involve dramatic and emotional thoughts and behaviors that can keep changing. It includes:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Antisocial personality disorder,</strong> in which a person has a long-term pattern of manipulating, exploiting, or violating the rights of others.</li> <li><strong>Borderline personality disorder,</strong> in which a person has lots of trouble managing their emotions. This makes them impulsive and uncertain about how they see themselves. It can cause a lot of trouble in their relationships.</li> <li><strong>Histrionic personality disorder,</strong> in which a person is dramatic, has strong emotions, and always wants attention from others.</li> <li><strong>Narcissistic personality disorder,</strong> in which a person lacks empathy and wants to be admired by others. They think that they are better than others and that they deserve special treatment.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Cluster C</strong> personality disorders involve anxious and fearful thoughts and behaviors. It includes:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Avoidant personality disorder,</strong> in which a person is very shy and feels that they are not as good as others. They often avoid people because they fear rejection.</li> <li><strong>Dependent personality disorder,</strong> in which a person depends too much on others and feels that they need to be taken care of. They may let others treat them badly because they are afraid of losing the relationship.</li> <li><strong>Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder,</strong> in which a person needs control and order. They are perfectionists and can be inflexible. Although some of the symptoms are similar, this is not the same thing as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html">obsessive-compulsive disorder</a> (OCD).</li> </ul> <h3>What causes personality disorders?</h3> <p>Personality disorders usually begin when someone is in their teens or early adult years. The cause is unknown. However, genes and childhood experiences such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html">abuse</a> and trauma likely play a role.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of personality disorders?</h3> <p>The symptoms of each personality disorder are different. But each disorder involves problems and uncertainty with how people see themselves. The disorders also cause problems in relationships with other people.</p> <p>People with personality disorders may have trouble realizing that they have a problem. To them, their thoughts are normal. They may see others as the problem. So they may not seek help when they need it. Or, if they seek help, it may be because of another reason. They may be looking for help because of other mental health symptoms or problems with relationships and work. Sometimes someone else, such as a family member or social agency, may ask them to get help.</p> <h3>How are personality disorders diagnosed?</h3> <p>A mental health care provider can diagnose personality disorders. A mental health provider is a health care professional who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental health problems. To make a diagnosis, the provider will consider the person's symptoms, experiences, and family medical history. A thorough medical exam may also be done to help rule out other possible causes of the symptoms.</p> <h3>How are personality disorders treated?</h3> <p>Talk therapy, also known as psychotherapy, is the main treatment for personality disorders. Medicines may help relieve certain symptoms, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a> or mood swings.</p> Mental Health and Behavior Trastornos de la personalidad Personality Disorders Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Mental Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Narcissism Specifics Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Mental Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert NAMI Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mental Health America Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mental Health America Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists PDF Problemas de salud de los sin techo <h3>¿Cuáles son las causas de la falta de hogar?</h3> <p>Cada noche, cientos de miles de personas no cuentan con una vivienda en los Estados Unidos. Algunas de ellas no tienen hogar de forma crónica, mientras otras han perdido temporalmente su techo. Las razones del sinhogarismo son complejas. Pueden incluir una combinación de factores como:</p> <ul> <li>Pobreza</li> <li>Desempleo</li> <li>Falta de vivienda asequible</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">Trastornos mentales</a> y por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">consumo de drogas </a></li> <li>Trauma y violencia</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intimatepartnerviolence.html">Violencia en la pareja</a></li> <li>Problemas con el sistema de justicia</li> <li>Una enfermedad grave repentina</li> <li>Divorcio</li> <li>Muerte de la pareja o del padre o madre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html">Discapacidades</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuál es el vínculo entre la falta de hogar y la salud?</h3> <p>La mala salud puede contribuir a la falta de vivienda. Además, el sinhogarismo puede contribuir a la mala salud. Muchos de los problemas que enfrentan las personas sin techo pueden empeorar su salud, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Acceso limitado a la atención médica</li> <li>Problemas para conseguir suficientes alimentos</li> <li>Problemas para mantenerse seguro</li> <li>Violencia</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">Estrés</a></li> <li>Condiciones de vida insalubres</li> <li>Exposición a clima severo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son algunos de los problemas de salud comunes que tienen las personas sin hogar?</h3> <p>Algunos de los problemas de salud comunes que pueden tener las personas sin hogar incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">Enfermedades pulmonares</a> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html">bronquitis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html">tuberculosis </a>y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malnutrition.html">Desnutrición</a></li> <li>Problemas de salud mental</li> <li>Problemas por consumo de drogas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html">Heridas</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skininfections.html">infecciones de la piel</a></li> </ul> <p>Muchas personas sin hogar están lidiando con un trauma. Pueden haber sido abusados o agredidos. Esto incluye a los niños sin hogar, los que tienen un mayor riesgo de tener problemas emocionales y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbehaviordisorders.html">comportamiento</a>.</p> <p>Póngase en contacto con su agencia local de asistencia para personas sin hogar para obtener la ayuda que necesita, como acceso a refugios, centros de salud y alimentación gratuita.</p> Asuntos sociales y familiares Homelessness and Health Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Seguro Social PDF <p>¿Sabe usted si su peso actual es saludable? "Peso por debajo de lo normal", "normal", "sobrepeso" y obesidad son todas descripciones de peso corporal. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a> y sobrepeso quiere decir que su peso es mayor de lo que debería ser para su salud. Bajo peso quiere decir que es más bajo de lo saludable para usted. Su peso corporal saludable depende de su sexo y altura. En niños también depende de su edad. </p> <p>Un cambio inesperado de peso puede ser una señal de un problema médico. Las causas de pérdida de peso repentino incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Problemas de la tiroides</li> <li>Cáncer</li> <li>Enfermedades infecciosas</li> <li>Enfermedades digestivas</li> <li>Algunos medicamentos</li> </ul> <p>Las causas de subir de peso repentinamente pueden deberse a medicamentos, problemas de la tiroides, insuficiencia cardíaca y enfermedad renal.</p> <p>Una buena nutrición y ejercicio puede ayudarle a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">bajar de peso</a>. Comer calorías extra dentro de una dieta bien balanceada y tratar cualquier problema médico subyacente puede ayudarle a subir de peso.</p> Alimentos y nutrición Problemas del metabolismo Body Weight Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Control de peso Desnutrición Obesidad Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Adolescentes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de la Tiroides Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Edad gestacional Peso al nacimiento Peso del recién nacido <h3>¿Qué es el peso del bebé al nacer?</h3> <p>El peso al nacer es el primer peso del bebé, tomado justo después de nacer. Un bajo peso al nacer significa que el bebé pesa menos de 5 libras y 8 onzas (2.5 kg). Un peso alto al nacer significa que el bebé pesa más de 8 libras y 13 onzas (4 kg).</p> <h3>¿Qué puede causar un bajo peso al nacer?</h3> <p>Un bebé con bajo peso al nacer puede nacer demasiado pequeño, demasiado temprano (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html">prematuro</a>) o ambos. Esto puede ocurrir por muchas razones diferentes, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html" tid="1956">Problemas de salud en persona gestante (embarazada)</a></li> <li>Tomar ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandmedicines.html">medicamentos durante el embarazo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">Consumir sustancias durante el embarazo</a></li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">infecciones durante el embarazo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html">Estar embarazada de más de un bebé</a></li> <li>Tener problemas con la placenta, el órgano que lleva oxígeno y nutrientes al bebé</li> <li>Tener padres pequeños</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">Trastornos genéticos</a> en el bebé</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">Defectos de nacimiento</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué problemas puede causar el bajo peso al nacer?</h3> <p>Los bebés con bajo peso al nacer pueden tener más riesgo de sufrir ciertos problemas de salud. Incluyen problemas inmediatos, como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas respiratorios</a></li> <li>Infecciones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypoglycemia.html">Hipoglucemia</a> (bajo nivel de azúcar en la sangre)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html">Ictericia</a></li> <li>Problemas para mantener su temperatura</li> </ul> <p>También existe un mayor riesgo de problemas a más largo plazo, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Retraso en el desarrollo motor y social</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html">Problemas del aprendizaje</a></li> <li>Ciertos problemas de salud en la edad adulta, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades cardíacas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué puede causar el alto peso al nacer?</h3> <p>Las causas del alto peso al nacer pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Tener padres grandes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html">Diabetes durante el embarazo</a> (diabetes gestacional)</li> <li>Ciertas afecciones genéticas</li> <li>Subir demasiado de peso durante el embarazo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué problemas puede causar el alto peso al nacer?</h3> <p>El alto peso al nacer puede ser una preocupación porque puede dificultar el parto y aumentar el riesgo de lesiones al dar a luz. El bebé tiene un mayor riesgo de tener problemas de:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">Azúcar en la sangre</a></li> <li>Respiratorios</li> <li>Ictericia</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir los problemas de peso al nacer?</h3> <p>Es posible que pueda prevenir algunos problemas de peso al nacer al:</p> <ul> <li>Hacerse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html">chequeos regulares durante el embarazo</a></li> <li>Obtener la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html">nutrición</a> y calorías recomendadas durante el embarazo</li> <li>Controlar su nivel de azúcar en la sangre si tiene diabetes</li> <li>Evitar el consumo de sustancias durante el embarazo</li> </ul> Niños y adolescentes Embarazo y reproducción Birth Weight Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Bebé prematuro Problemas poco comunes de los recién nacidos Edad gestacional Nacer, Peso al Recién nacido, Peso del Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Plaga <p>La peste es una infección causada por la bacteria Yersinia pestis. Las bacterias se encuentran principalmente entre ratas y en las moscas que se alimentan de ellas. Las personas y otros animales pueden adquirir la peste a través de mordeduras de estos animales. En el pasado, la peste destruyó civilizaciones enteras. En la actualidad, la peste es poco común gracias a las mejores condiciones de vida y a los antibióticos. </p> <p>Existen tres tipos de pestes:</p><ul> <li>Peste bubónica, que causa inflamación de las amígdalas, las adenoides, el bazo y el timo. Los síntomas incluyen fiebre, dolores, escalofríos y sensibilidad en los ganglios linfáticos</li> <li>Peste septicémica, en la que las bacterias se multiplican en la sangre. Causa fiebre, escalofríos, <em>shock</em> y hemorragias debajo de la piel o en otros órganos</li> <li>Peste neumónica, en la que las bacterias alcanzan los pulmones y causan neumonía. Las personas infectadas pueden contagiar este tipo de peste a otras personas. Esta es la más grave y puede ser usada como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html">agente bioterrorista</a></li> </ul> <p>El diagnóstico se hace a través de pruebas de laboratorio. El tratamiento es un antibiótico fuerte. No existe una vacuna. </p> Infecciones Plague Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Biodefensa y bioterrorismo Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Plaguicida <p>Las plagas viven donde no son bienvenidas o causan daños a los cultivos, las personas o los animales. Los pesticidas pueden ayudar a librarse de ellas. Los pesticidas no solo sirven para matar insectos, también incluyen sustancias químicas para el control de hierbas, roedores, moho, gérmenes y otros. Muchos productos domésticos contienen pesticidas.</p> <p>Los pesticidas pueden proteger su salud al matar los gérmenes, los animales o las plantas que pueden causarle daño. Sin embargo, estos también pueden ser dañinos para las personas o las mascotas. Es posible que prefiera intentar primero métodos no químicos. Si necesita un pesticida, utilícelo correctamente. Tenga especial cuidado alrededor de niños y mascotas. También es importante desechar los pesticidas correctamente, puede ayudar a proteger el medio ambiente.</p> <p>Los pesticidas con base biológica están haciéndose más populares. Frecuentemente, son más seguros que los tradicionales.</p> <p class="">Agencia de Protección Ambiental</p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Pesticides Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Envenenamiento con productos del hogar Seguridad con los alimentos Fungicidas Herbicidas Insecticidas Raticida Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas Spanish/Español Niños/as Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas Fungicides Herbicides Rodenticides <p>Pests live where they are not wanted or cause harm to crops, people, or animals. Pesticides can help get rid of them. Pesticides are not just insect killers. They also include chemicals to control weeds, rodents, mildew, germs, and more. Many <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html">household products</a> contain pesticides.</p> <p>Pesticides can protect your health by killing germs, animals, or plants that could hurt you. However, they can also be harmful to people or pets. You might want to try non-chemical methods first. If you do need a pesticide, use it correctly. Be especially careful around children and pets. Proper disposal of pesticides is also important - it can help protect the environment.</p> <p>Biologically-based pesticides are becoming more popular. They often are safer than traditional pesticides.</p> <p class="">Environmental Protection Agency</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Pesticidas Pesticides Spanish National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Food Safety Household Products Fungicides Herbicides Insecticides Rodenticides Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Environmental Protection Agency PDF Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Environmental Protection Agency Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency PDF Related Issues Environmental Protection Agency Women Nemours Foundation <p>Pets can add fun, companionship and a feeling of safety to your life. Before getting a pet, think carefully about which animal is best for your family. What is each family member looking for in a pet? Who will take care of it? Does anyone have pet allergies? What type of animal suits your lifestyle and budget?</p> <p>Once you own a pet, keep it healthy. Know the signs of medical problems. Take your pet to the veterinarian if you notice:</p> <ul> <li>Loss of appetite</li> <li>Drinking a lot of water</li> <li>Gaining or losing a lot of weight quickly</li> <li>Strange behavior</li> <li>Being sluggish and tired</li> <li>Trouble getting up or down</li> <li>Strange lumps</li> </ul> Wellness and Lifestyle Salud de las mascotas Animals, Domestic Spanish Animal Diseases and Your Health Mpox Rabies Animal Health Pets Veterinary Medicine Prevention and Risk Factors American Veterinary Medical Association Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Veterinary Medical Association Specifics American Veterinary Medical Association Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American Veterinary Medical Association Related Issues American Veterinary Medical Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors American Veterinary Medical Association Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency PDF Related Issues American Veterinary Medical Association Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Prevention and Risk Factors American Veterinary Medical Association Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Food and Drug Administration PKU <p>Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html">amino acid metabolism disorder</a>. It is inherited. If you have it, your body can't process phenylalanine (Phe). Phe is an amino acid, a building block of proteins. It is in almost all foods. If your Phe level gets too high, it can damage your brain and cause severe intellectual disability. All babies born in U.S. hospitals must now have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">screening</a> test for PKU. This makes it easier to diagnose and treat the problem early. </p> <p>The best treatment for PKU is a diet of low-protein foods. There are special formulas for newborns. For older children and adults, the diet includes many fruits and vegetables. It also includes some low-protein breads, pastas, and cereals. Nutritional formulas provide the vitamins and minerals you can't get from their food.</p> <p>Babies who get on this special diet soon after they are born develop normally. Many have no symptoms of PKU. It is important to stay on the diet for the rest of your life.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Metabolic Problems Fenilcetonuria Phenylketonurias Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Genetic Disorders Newborn Screening PKU Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that usually starts in the cells of one of your adrenal glands. Although they are usually <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/benigntumors.html">benign</a>, pheochromocytomas often cause the adrenal gland to make too many hormones. This can lead to high blood pressure and cause symptoms such as :</p><ul> <li>Headaches</li> <li>Sweating</li> <li>Pounding of the heart</li> <li>Being shaky</li> <li>Being extremely pale</li> </ul> <p>Sometimes pheochromocytoma is part of another condition called multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (MEN). People with MEN often have other cancers and other problems involving hormones. </p> <p>Doctors use lab tests and imaging tests to diagnose it. Surgery is the most common treatment. Other options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Endocrine System Feocromocitoma Pheochromocytoma Spanish National Cancer Institute Adrenal Gland Disorders Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Find an Expert American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert Endocrine Society Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>A phobia is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety disorder</a>. It is a strong, irrational fear of something that poses little or no real danger.</p> <p>There are many specific phobias. Acrophobia is a fear of heights. Agoraphobia is a fear of public places, and claustrophobia is a fear of closed-in places. If you become anxious and extremely self-conscious in everyday social situations, you could have a social phobia. Other common phobias involve tunnels, highway driving, water, flying, animals and blood. </p> <p>People with phobias try to avoid what they are afraid of. If they cannot, they may experience:</p><ul> <li>Panic and fear</li> <li>Rapid heartbeat</li> <li>Shortness of breath</li> <li>Trembling</li> <li>A strong desire to get away</li> </ul> <p>Phobias usually start in children or teens, and continue into adulthood. The causes of specific phobias are not known, but they sometimes run in families. </p> <p>Treatment helps most people with phobias. Options include medicines, therapy or both.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health</p> Mental Health and Behavior Fobias Phobic Disorders Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Anxiety Panic Disorder Agoraphobia Social Anxiety Disorder Social Phobia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Anxiety and Depression Association of America Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Anxiety and Depression Association of America Find an Expert NAMI Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert NAMI Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American Psychological Association Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Mental Health NIH Teenagers American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Picadura de zancudos <p>Los mosquitos son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html">insectos</a> que viven en todo el mundo. Existen miles de diferentes especies de mosquitos. En Estados Unidos hay cerca de 200 tipos.</p> <p>Los mosquitos hembras pican animales y seres humanos y beben una cantidad muy pequeña de sangre. Necesitan proteínas y hierro de la sangre para producir sus huevos. Después de beber la sangre, buscan un poco de agua estancada para poner sus huevos. Las larvas salen del huevo, luego se convierten en pupas para posteriormente convertirse en mosquitos adultos. Los machos viven de una semana a 10 días, mientras las hembras pueden vivir varias semanas. Algunos mosquitos hembras pueden hibernar en el invierno e incluso vivir por meses.</p> <h3>¿Qué problemas de salud pueden causar las picaduras de mosquitos?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las picaduras de mosquitos son inofensivas, pero hay momentos en que pueden ser peligrosas. Las formas en que las picaduras de mosquitos pueden afectar a los humanos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><b>Causar un bulto que pica</b> como una respuesta del sistema inmune a la saliva del mosquito. Esta es la reacción más común. Los bultos suelen desaparecer después de un par de días</li> <li><b>Causar reacciones alérgicas</b>, incluyendo ampollas, urticaria y, en casos raros, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html">anafilaxia</a>. La anafilaxia es una reacción alérgica grave que afecta a todo el cuerpo. Es una emergencia médica</li> <li><b>Transmisión de enfermedades a seres humanos.</b> Algunas de estas enfermedades pueden ser graves. Muchas no tienen tratamiento y sólo hay vacunas para pocas de ellas. Estas enfermedades son un problema más serio en África y otras áreas tropicales del mundo, pero un mayor número se está extendiendo a EE. UU. Uno de los factores es el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/climatechange.html">cambio climático</a>, que hace que las condiciones en algunas partes del país sean más favorables a ciertos tipos de mosquitos. Otras razones incluyen el aumento del comercio y los viajes hacia áreas tropicales y subtropicales</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué enfermedades pueden propagar los mosquitos?</h3> <p>Las enfermedades comunes propagadas por los mosquitos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><b><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chikungunya.html">Chikungunya</a>:</b> Infección viral que causa fiebre y dolor severo en las articulaciones. Los síntomas suelen durar cerca de una semana, pero para algunos el dolor articular puede durar meses. La mayoría de los casos de chikungunya en el país ocurre en personas que viajaron a otros países, pero ha habido brotes en EE. UU.</li> <li><b><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dengue.html">Dengue</a>:</b> Infección viral que causa fiebre alta, dolores de cabeza, dolor en las articulaciones y los músculos, vómitos y sarpullido. La mayoría de las personas mejoran en pocas semanas. En algunos casos puede llegar a ser muy grave, e incluso poner la vida en peligro. El dengue es raro en EE. UU.</li> <li><b><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html">Malaria</a>:</b> Enfermedad parasitaria que causa síntomas graves como fiebre alta, escalofríos temblorosos y síntomas similares a la gripe. Puede ser mortal, pero hay medicinas para tratarla. La malaria es un problema de salud importante en muchas áreas tropicales y subtropicales del mundo. Casi todos los casos de malaria en EE. UU. ocurre en personas que viajaron a otros países</li> <li><b><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/westnilevirus.html">Virus del Nilo Occidental</a>:</b> Infección viral que a menudo no presenta síntomas. Si los hay, suelen ser leves e incluyen fiebre, dolor de cabeza y náuseas. En casos raros, el virus puede entrar al cerebro y ser mortal. Este virus se ha expandido por EE. UU. continental</li> <li><b><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/zikavirus.html">Zika</a>:</b> Infección viral que a menudo no causa síntomas. Una de cada cinco personas infectadas presenta síntomas que suelen ser leves. Incluyen fiebre, sarpullido, dolor en las articulaciones y conjuntivitis. Además de ser propagada por mosquitos, el Zika puede transmitirse de la madre al bebé durante el embarazo y causar defectos de nacimiento serios. También puede propagarse de un compañero a otro durante el acto sexual. Ha habido algunos brotes de Zika en el sur de EE. UU.</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se pueden prevenir las picaduras de mosquitos?</h3> <ul> <li><b>Use un repelente de insectos cuando esté al aire libre:</b> Elija un repelente de insectos registrado por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental (EPA). Esta agencia los evalúa para confirmar que sean seguros y efectivos. Asegúrese de que el repelente tenga alguno de estos ingredientes: DEET, icaridina, IR3535, aceite de eucalipto de limón o para-mentano-diol. Es importante seguir las instrucciones de la etiqueta</li> <li><b>Cúbrase:</b> Use mangas largas, pantalones largos y calcetines cuando esté al aire libre. Los mosquitos pueden picar a través de la tela delgada, así que rocíe la ropa fina con un repelente registrado por la EPA como permetrín. No lo aplique directamente sobre la piel</li> <li><b>Proteja a su hogar de los mosquitos:</b> Instale o repare pantallas en ventanas y puertas para evitar que los mosquitos entren. Use el aire acondicionado si lo tiene</li> <li><b>Elimine los criaderos de mosquitos:</b> Vacíe regularmente el agua estancada de su casa y patio. El agua podría estar en macetas, canaletas, cubos, cubiertas de la piscina, platos de agua para mascotas, neumáticos desechados o baños para pájaros</li> <li><b>Si va a viajar, infórmese sobre las áreas de destino:</b> Averigüe si hay riesgo de enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos, y si es así, si existe una vacuna o medicamento para prevenirlas. Consulte a un proveedor de atención médica familiarizado con medicinas para viajes, idealmente entre cuatro a seis semanas antes partir</li> </ul> Piel, cabello y uñas Lesiones y heridas Mosquito Bites Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Chikungunya Dengue Malaria Pesticidas Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos Virus del Nilo Occidental Virus del Zika Mosquitos, Picadura de Zancudos, Picaduras de Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional PDF Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p> Aunque mucha gente le tiene miedo a las arañas, éstas generalmente no pican a las personas a menos que se sientan amenazadas. La mayoría de las picaduras de arañas son inofensivas. A veces pueden causar reacciones alérgicas. Pero las picaduras de la viuda negra o la reclusa parda pueden ser muy peligrosas. </p> <p> Si a usted le ha picado una araña, quizás tenga una reacción similar a la que puede ocasionarle una abeja, como enrojecimiento, dolor e hinchazón en el lugar de la picadura. Para tratar una picadura de araña: </p> <p> <ul> <li>Lave el área afectada con agua y jabón</li> <li>Aplique hielo o una compresa húmeda</li> <li>Si necesita, tome un medicamento para el dolor de venta libre</li> <li>Considere tomar remedios para la alergia en caso de hinchazón severa</li> <li>Busque tratamiento médico para niños y adultos con síntomas graves</li> </ul> </p> Lesiones y heridas Spider Bites Mordeduras de animales Picaduras de garrapatas Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos Arañas, Picaduras de Arácnidos, Picaduras Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <h3>¿Qué son las garrapatas?</h3> <p>Las garrapatas son pequeños parásitos. Pueden parecer insectos, pero tienen ocho patas y son parientes con las arañas. Las garrapatas se alimentan de la sangre de personas y animales de sangre caliente. Hay muchos tipos de garrapatas en los Estados Unidos y viven en diferentes partes del país.</p> <p>Las garrapatas pueden ser de diferentes colores y tamaños. Pueden ser de color claro, marrón rojizo o marrón oscuro. Algunas garrapatas son tan pequeñas que pueden ser difíciles de ver. Las garrapatas pueden prenderse a su cuerpo si camina por áreas donde viven, como pasto alto, hojarasca o arbustos.</p> <h3>¿Por qué debo preocuparme por las picaduras de garrapatas?</h3> <p>Si pasa tiempo al aire libre o tiene mascotas que salen afuera, debe tener cuidado con las garrapatas. Cuando pican, ciertos tipos de garrapatas pueden transmitir gérmenes que causan diferentes enfermedades. En ocasiones, los síntomas pueden ser leves. En otros casos, puede tener problemas de salud graves y duraderos. Algunas de las enfermedades que puede contraer por la picadura de una garrapata (llamadas enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas) incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymedisease.html">Enfermedad de Lyme</a></li> <li>Síndrome alfa-gal (alergia a la carne roja por picadura de garrapata)</li> <li>Babesiosis</li> <li>Erliquiosis</li> <li> Fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas</li> <li> Tularemia</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué pasa si me pica una garrapata?</h3> <p>Es posible que no sienta cuando le muerda una garrapata. La garrapata puede permanecer prendida a su cuerpo durante varios días. Si está infectada, puede transmitirle cualquier germen una vez que comience a chupar su sangre. Pero si la atrapa y la elimina antes de que se llene de sangre, es menos probable que se infecte.</p> <h3>¿Cómo elimino una garrapata?</h3> <p>Si encuentra una garrapata prendida a su piel, retírela lo antes posible. Puede usar un dispositivo para quitar garrapatas o unas pinzas de punta fina:</p> <ul> <li>Usando las pinzas, agarre la garrapata lo más cerca posible de su piel</li> <li>Tire hacia arriba con una presión uniforme y constante. No tuerza ni sacuda la garrapata. Trate de eliminar toda la garrapata en una sola pieza si puede. Si las partes de la boca de la garrapata se rompen y permanecen en la piel, trate de sacarlas. Pero si no puede eliminarlas fácilmente, déjelas</li> <li>Limpie a fondo el área de la picadura y sus manos con alcohol o agua y jabón</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuándo debo comunicarme con mi profesional de la salud por una picadura de garrapata?</h3> <p>Muchas enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas pueden tener signos y síntomas similares. Los más comunes son:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li>Escalofríos </li> <li>Molestias y dolores</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">Sarpullido</a></li> </ul> <p>Si desarrolla alguno de estos síntomas dentro de varias semanas después de quitar una garrapata, contacte a su profesional de la salud.</p> <h3>¿Cómo prevenir las picaduras de garrapatas?</h3> <p>Hay pasos que puede tomar para prevenir las picaduras de garrapatas:<!-- p--> </p><ul> <li>Evite las áreas boscosas, con matorrales y cubiertas de hierba, especialmente durante los meses más cálidos</li> <li>Use repelentes de insectos con DEET, picaridina u otro repelente de insectos registrado en la Agencia de Protección Ambiental (EPA) de EE. UU.<!-- li--> </li><li>Use ropa protectora de colores claros</li> <li>Trate su ropa y equipo con productos que contengan 0.5% de permetrina<!-- li--> </li><li>Métase las piernas de los pantalones dentro de los calcetines y la camisa dentro de los pantalones</li> <li>Quítese la ropa después de estar al aire libre. Revise su ropa en busca de garrapatas y elimine las que encuentre. Lave y seque su ropa a altas temperaturas</li> <li>Revísese a sí mismo, a sus hijos y a sus mascotas todos los días en busca de garrapatas; y retire con cuidado cualquier garrapata que encuentre</li> </ul> Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Lesiones y heridas Tick Bites Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Enfermedad de Lyme Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos Garrapatas, Picaduras de Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Picaduras de bichos <p>La mayoría de las picaduras de insectos son inofensivas, aunque a veces causen molestias. Las picaduras de los aguijones de las abejas, las avispas, los avispones y mordeduras de las hormigas rojas suelen ser dolorosas. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html">picaduras de mosquitos</a> y las pulgas causan picazón. Los insectos también transmiten enfermedades. En Estados Unidos, algunos mosquitos trasmiten el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/westnilevirus.html">virus del Nilo occidental</a>. Las personas que viajan fuera de los Estados Unidos pueden estar en riesgo de contraer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html">malaria</a> y otras infecciones. </p> <p>Para prevenir las picaduras de insectos y sus complicaciones:</p> <ul> <li> No moleste a los insectos </li> <li> Use repelente contra insectos</li> <li> Use ropa protectora</li> <li> Sea cuidadoso si come afuera porque la comida atrae a los insectos </li> <li> Si sabe que tiene reacciones alérgicas a picaduras o mordeduras de insectos (como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html">anafilaxia</a>), lleve consigo un botiquín de emergencia con epinefrina </li> </ul> Piel, cabello y uñas Lesiones y heridas Insect Bites and Stings Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Anafilaxia Chinches de cama Dengue Enfermedad de Lyme Malaria Mordeduras de animales Peste Picaduras de arañas Picaduras de garrapatas Virus del Nilo Occidental Abejas, Picadura Avispa, Picadura Chinches, Picaduras Ciempiés, Picadura Escorpiones, Picaduras Insectos, Mordeduras y picaduras Mosquito, Picadura de Repelentes de insectos Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comezón Picor Prurito <h3>¿Qué es la picazón?</h3> <p>La picazón es una sensación irritante que despierta la necesidad de rascarse la piel. A veces puede sentirse como algo parecido al dolor, pero es diferente. A menudo, siente que le pica una parte del cuerpo, pero a veces puede sentir comezón en todo su cuerpo. Junto con la picazón, también puede tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">sarpullido</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hives.html">urticaria</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa picazón?</h3> <p>La picazón es un síntoma de muchas afecciones de salud. Algunas causas comunes son:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">Reacciones alérgicas</a> a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html">alimentos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html">picaduras de insectos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hayfever.html">polen</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">medicamentos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html">Enfermedades de la piel</a> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eczema.html">eccema</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriasis.html">psoriasis</a> y piel seca</li> <li>Productos químicos irritantes, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cosmetics.html">cosméticos</a> y otras sustancias</li> <li>Parásitos como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinworms.html">oxiuros</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scabies.html">sarna</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html">piojos de la cabeza</a> y del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodylice.html">cuerpo</a></li> <li>El embarazo</li> <li>Enfermedades del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hígado</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">riñón</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">tiroides</a></li> <li>Ciertos tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a> o tratamientos contra el cáncer</li> <li>Enfermedades que pueden afectar el sistema nervioso, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html">culebrilla</a> (herpes zóster)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la picazón?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las picazones no son serias. Para sentirse mejor, puede intentar:</p> <ul> <li>Aplicar compresas frías</li> <li>Usar lociones humectantes</li> <li>Tomar baños tibios o de avena</li> <li>Usar crema de hidrocortisona o antihistamínicos sin receta</li> <li>Evitar los arañazos, el uso de telas irritantes y la exposición a altas temperaturas y humedad</li> </ul> <p>Hable con su proveedor de atención médica si su picazón es severa, no desaparece después de algunas semanas o no tiene una causa aparente. Es posible que necesite otros tratamientos, como medicamentos o fototerapia. Si tiene una enfermedad subyacente que está causando la picazón, tratar esa enfermedad puede ayudar.</p> Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Síntomas Itching Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Comezón Escocer Picor Prurito Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Hongos en los pies Infección micótica en el pie Tiña de los pies <p>El pie de atleta es una infección común en el pie causada por hongos que afecta el área entre los dedos. Los síntomas incluyen picazón, ardor y piel quebradiza y escamosa entre los dedos de los pies. </p> <p>Se puede contagiar el pie de atleta al pisar superficies húmedas, como por ejemplo, las duchas, las piscinas y los pisos de los vestidores. Para prevenirlo se debe:</p><ul> <li> Mantener los pies limpios, secos y frescos </li> <li> Usar calcetines limpios</li> <li> No caminar descalzo en las áreas públicas </li> <li>Utilizar chancletas en las duchas de los vestidores </li> </ul> <p>Los tratamientos incluyen cremas antimicóticas sin receta médica, en la mayoría de los casos y medicinas con receta médica para las infecciones más graves. Estos remedios, en general, curan la infección pero ésta puede volver. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Athlete's Foot Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones por tiña Salud del pie Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Problemas en los pies en personas con diabetes <h3>¿Qué es la diabetes?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> es una afección en la que los niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">glucosa </a> (azúcar) en sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que consume. Las células de su cuerpo necesitan glucosa para obtener energía. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa entre a las células.</p> <p>En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo 1</a>, su cuerpo no produce insulina. En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>, su cuerpo no produce insulina ni la usa de manera adecuada. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa no puede entrar a sus células tan rápido como de costumbre. La glucosa se acumula en la sangre y provoca niveles altos de azúcar en sangre.</p> <h3>¿De qué forma la diabetes causa problemas en los pies?</h3> <p>Los problemas en los pies son comunes en personas con diabetes. Pueden ocurrir con el tiempo cuando los niveles altos de azúcar en sangre dañan los nervios y los vasos sanguíneos de los pies. El daño a los nervios, llamado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticnerveproblems.html">neuropatía diabética</a>, puede provocar entumecimiento, hormigueo, dolor o pérdida de sensibilidad en los pies.</p> <p>Si no puede sentir dolor, es posible que no se dé cuenta si tiene un corte, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blisters.html">ampolla</a> o una úlcera (llaga abierta) en el pie. Esta herida puede infectarse. Es posible que la infección no se cure bien porque los vasos sanguíneos dañados pueden causar un deficiente flujo sanguíneo en los pies.</p> <p>Tener una infección y un flujo sanguíneo deficiente puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gangrene.html">gangrena</a>, en la que músculo, la piel y otros tejidos comienzan a morir. Si tiene gangrena o una úlcera en el pie que no mejora con el tratamiento, es posible que se necesite una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html">amputación</a>. Esta es una cirugía para cortar dedos, el pie o parte de la pierna que resultan dañados. Este procedimiento podría salvarle la vida al evitar que se propague una infección grave.</p> <p>Sin embargo, hay mucho que puede hacer para evitar que una herida en el pie se convierta en un problema de salud importante.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo proteger mis pies si tengo diabetes?</h3> <p>La mejor manera de proteger sus pies es controlando sus niveles de azúcar en sangre todos los días. Esto ayudará a evitar que el daño a los nervios y vasos sanguíneos empeore. El siguiente paso es mantener sana la piel de sus pies.</p> <p>El buen cuidado de los pies para las personas con diabetes incluye:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Revisarse los pies todos los días</strong>: Busque cortes, enrojecimiento y otros cambios en la piel y las uñas de los pies, incluyendo verrugas u otras manchas que sus zapatos podrían frotar. Asegúrese de revisar también la planta de los pies</li> <li><strong>Lavarse los pies todos los días</strong>: Use agua tibia y jabón. No remoje sus pies porque eso puede resecar la piel. Después de secarse los pies, puede usar talco o almidón de maíz entre los dedos para absorber la humedad que puede causar infecciones. Si usa loción humectante, no la aplique entre los dedos de los pies</li> <li><strong>Preguntarle a su médico cómo eliminar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornsandcalluses.html">callos y callosidades</a> de forma segura</strong>: La piel gruesa de sus pies puede causar fricción y provocar llagas. Pero quitarlos de manera incorrecta podría dañar su piel. Por lo tanto, no se recomienda limarse la piel ni usar parches medicinales o removedores líquidos</li> <li><strong>Cortar las uñas de los pies en línea recta con un cortauñas</strong>: Si le resulta difícil cortarse las uñas de los pies, o si son gruesas o se curvan en la piel, pídale a un podólogo (especialista de los pies) que lo haga por usted</li> <li><strong>Siempre use zapatos que le queden bien y calcetines o pantuflas para proteger sus pies al caminar</strong>: No se recomienda caminar descalzo, ni siquiera en interiores. Y asegúrese de que sus zapatos sean suaves por dentro. Una costura o un guijarro podrían frotar su piel y dañarla</li> <li><strong>Proteger sus pies del calor y el frío</strong>: Use protector solar en la piel expuesta y no camine descalzo en la playa. En clima frío, use calcetines gruesos en lugar de calentar sus pies cerca de un calentador o chimenea</li> <li><strong>Mantener la sangre fluyendo por sus pies</strong>: Levante los pies cuando esté sentado. Mueva los dedos de los pies y haga círculos con los pies a lo largo del día. No use calcetines ajustados. Y realice muchas actividades que no sean demasiado duras para los pies, como caminar</li> <li><strong>Hacer que le revisen los pies en sus visitas médicas</strong>: Incluso si no ha notado ningún problema, es bueno que su profesional de la salud le revise los pies</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuándo debería consultar a mi profesional de la salud por problemas del pie diabético?</h3> <p>Los problemas graves en los pies pueden desarrollarse rápidamente. Consulte a su profesional de la salud de inmediato si nota:</p> <ul> <li>Un corte, ampolla o hematoma en los pies que no comienza a sanar en unos días</li> <li>Piel enrojecida, caliente o dolorida en sus pies</li> <li>Un callo con sangre seca en el interior</li> <li>Una infección del pie que se vuelve negra y huele mal (podría ser gangrena)</li> </ul> <p>Recuerde, controlar su azúcar en sangre y cuidar sus pies todos los días son las mejores medidas que puede tomar para prevenir problemas graves del pie diabético.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Cerebro y nervios Sistema endocrino Diabetes mellitus Diabetic Foot Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Complicaciones de la diabetes Diabetes Lesiones y enfermedades del pie Problemas neurológicos asociados con la diabetes Salud del pie Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Cálculos renales Litiasis renal <p>Una piedra o un cálculo renal es una pieza sólida de material que se forma en el riñón debido a sustancias presentes en la orina. Puede ser tan pequeña como un grano de arena o tan grande como una perla. La mayoría de las piedras renales se eliminan del cuerpo sin ayuda médica. Pero algunas veces una piedra no es fácil de eliminar. Puede atorarse en las vías urinarias, bloquear el flujo de orina y causar un gran dolor. </p> <p>Los siguientes signos pueden indicar la existencia de cálculos renales que necesitan atención médica:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor extremo en la espalda o un costado que no desaparece </li> <li> Sangre en la orina</li> <li> Fiebre y escalofríos</li> <li> Vómitos</li> <li> Orina con mal olor o con apariencia turbia </li> <li> Sensación de ardor al orinar </li> </ul> <p>Los doctores diagnostican las piedras en los riñones a través de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">análisis</a> de orina, de sangre y de diagnósticos por imagen. </p> <p>Si una piedra no pasa por sí sola, es posible que se necesite tratamiento. Este puede ser a través de ondas de choque (un endoscopio insertado a través del tubo que lleva la orina fuera del cuerpo, llamada uretra) o con cirugía. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Riñones y sistema urinario Kidney Stones Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades de los riñones Cistinuria Cálculos renales Litiasis Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Body art Body piercing <p>Piercings and tattoos are body decorations that go back to ancient times. Body piercing involves making a hole in the skin so that you can insert jewelry. This is often in the earlobe, but can be in other parts of the body. Tattoos are designs on the skin made with needles and colored ink. A permanent tattoo is meant to last forever. Permanent makeup is a type of tattoo. </p> <p>The health risks of piercings and tattoos include:</p><ul> <li>Allergic reactions </li> <li>Keloids, a type of scar that forms during healing</li> <li>Infections, such as hepatitis </li> </ul> <p>To reduce the risks, make sure that the facility is clean, safe and has a good reputation. Proper sterilization of the equipment is important. Be sure to follow the instructions on caring for your skin. </p> <p>Holes from piercing usually close up if you no longer wear the jewelry. It is possible to remove tattoos, but it's painful and can cause scarring.</p> Children and Teenagers Mouth and Teeth Skin, Hair and Nails Perforaciones y tatuajes Cosmetic Techniques Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hmong Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Body Art Tattoos Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Learn More Food and Drug Administration Learn More Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Learn More Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Food and Drug Administration Learn More Food and Drug Administration Conjunctivitis <p>Conjunctivitis is the medical name for pink eye. It involves inflammation of the outer layer of the eye and inside of the eyelid. It can cause swelling, itching, burning, discharge, and redness. Causes include:</p><ul> <li>Bacterial or viral infection</li> <li>Allergies </li> <li>Substances that cause irritation</li> <li>Contact lens products, eye drops, or eye ointments</li> </ul> <p>Pink eye usually does not affect vision. Infectious pink eye can easily spread from one person to another. The infection will clear in most cases without medical care, but bacterial pink eye needs treatment with antibiotic eye drops or ointment.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Eye Institute</p> Eyes and Vision Infections Conjuntivitis Conjunctivitis Spanish National Eye Institute Conjunctivitis Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Optometric Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Ophthalmology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images VisualDX Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Enterobiasis Oxyuriasis Seatworm infection Threadworm infection <p>Pinworms are small <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html">parasites</a> that can live in the colon and rectum. You get them when you swallow their eggs. The eggs hatch inside your intestines. While you sleep, the female pinworms leave the intestines through the anus and lay eggs on nearby skin.</p> <p>Pinworms spread easily. When people who are infected touch their anus, the eggs attach to their fingertips. They can spread the eggs to others directly through their hands, or through contaminated clothing, bedding, food, or other articles. The eggs can live on household surfaces for up to 2 weeks.</p> <p>The infection is more common in children. Many people have no symptoms at all. Some people feel itching around the anus or vagina. The itching may become intense, interfere with sleep, and make you irritable.</p> <p>Your health care provider can diagnose pinworm infection by finding the eggs. A common way to collect the eggs is with a sticky piece of clear tape. Mild infections may not need treatment. If you do need medicine, everyone in the household should take it. </p> <p>To prevent becoming infected or reinfected with pinworms:</p><ul> <li>Bathe after waking up</li> <li>Wash your pajamas and bed sheets often</li> <li>Wash your hands regularly, especially after using the bathroom or changing diapers</li> <li>Change your underwear every day</li> <li>Avoid nail biting</li> <li>Avoid scratching the anal area</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</p> Children and Teenagers Infections Oxiuros Enterobiasis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Liendres Pediculosis <h3>¿Qué son los piojos?</h3> <p>Los piojos son pequeños insectos que viven en la cabeza de las personas. Los piojos adultos tienen el tamaño de las semillas de sésamo. Los huevos, llamados liendres, son incluso más pequeños, aproximadamente del tamaño de una escama de caspa. Los piojos y las liendres se encuentran en el cuero cabelludo o cerca de él, con mayor frecuencia en la nuca y detrás de las orejas.</p> <p>Los piojos son parásitos y necesitan alimentarse de sangre humana para sobrevivir. Son uno de los tres tipos de piojos que viven en humanos. Los otros dos tipos son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bodylice.html">piojos del cuerpo</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pubiclice.html">ladillas</a>. Cada tipo de piojo es diferente, e infectarse de un tipo no significa que se contagiará con otro.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se contagian los piojos?</h3> <p>Los piojos se mueven arrastrándose, porque no pueden saltar ni volar. Se contagian a través del contacto cercano de persona a persona. En raras ocasiones, se pueden contagiar al compartir objetos personales como sombreros o cepillos para el cabello. La higiene personal y la limpieza no se relacionan con tener piojos. Tampoco puede contraer piojos de los animales. Los piojos no transmiten enfermedades.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener piojos?</h3> <p>En la mayoría de los casos, los piojos afectan a niños entre tres y 11 años y sus familias. Esto se debe a que los niños pequeños a menudo, tienen sus cabezas juntas mientras juegan.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los piojos?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de los piojos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Sensación de cosquilleo en la cabeza</li> <li>Picazón frecuente, que es causada por una reacción alérgica a las picaduras</li> <li>Llagas por rascarse. A veces las llagas pueden infectarse con bacterias</li> <li>Problemas para dormir, porque los piojos son más activos en la oscuridad</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo saber si tiene piojos?</h3> <p>En general, el diagnóstico de piojos se obtiene al ver un piojo o liendre en la cabeza. Debido a que son muy pequeños y se mueven rápidamente, es posible que necesite usar una lupa y un peine de dientes finos para encontrar piojos o liendres.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los piojos?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para los piojos incluyen champús, cremas y lociones de venta libre o con receta médica. Si desea utilizar un tratamiento de venta libre y no está seguro de cuál usar o cómo usarlo, consulte a su proveedor de atención médica o farmacéutico. También debe consultar con su proveedor de atención médica si está embarazada o amamantando, o si desea usar un tratamiento para un niño pequeño.</p> <p>Siga estos pasos cuando use un tratamiento para los piojos:</p> <ul> <li>Aplique el producto según sus instrucciones. Aplíquelo solo al cuero cabelludo y al cabello de la cabeza. No debe usarlo en otro vello del cuerpo</li> <li>Use solo un producto a la vez, a menos que su proveedor de atención médica le indique que use dos tipos diferentes a la vez</li> <li>Preste atención a las instrucciones sobre cuánto tiempo debe dejar el medicamento en el cabello y cómo debe enjuagarlo</li> <li>Después del enjuague, use un peine de dientes finos o un peine especial para liendres para quitar los piojos y liendres muertos</li> <li>Después de cada tratamiento, revise su cabeza para ver si quedaron piojos y liendres. Debe peinarse para eliminar las liendres y los piojos cada dos o tres días. Haga esto durante dos a tres semanas para asegurarse de que todos los piojos y las liendres hayan desaparecido</li> </ul> <p>Todos las personas que viven en el hogar y otros miembros cercanos deben ser revisados y tratados si es necesario. Si un tratamiento de venta libre no le funciona, puede pedirle a su proveedor de atención médica un producto con receta.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se pueden prevenir los piojos?</h3> <p>Existen pasos que puede tomar para prevenir la propagación de piojos. Si ya tiene piojos, además del tratamiento, debe:</p> <ul> <li>Lavar su ropa, ropa de cama y toallas con agua caliente y séquelas usando el ciclo más caliente de la secadora</li> <li>Remoje sus peines y cepillos en agua caliente durante cinco a 10 minutos</li> <li>Aspire el piso y los muebles, particularmente donde se sentó o se acostó</li> <li>Si hay artículos que no puede lavar, séllelos en una bolsa de plástico durante dos semanas</li> </ul> <p>Para evitar que sus hijos propaguen piojos:</p> <ul> <li>Enseñe a los niños a evitar el contacto cabeza con cabeza cuando jueguen o hagan otras actividades</li> <li>Enseñe a los niños a no compartir ropa y otros artículos que se pongan en la cabeza, como auriculares, amarres para el pelo y cascos</li> <li>Si su hijo tiene piojos, verifique las políticas en la escuela y/o guardería. Es posible que su hijo no pueda asistir hasta que los piojos hayan sido tratados por completo</li> </ul> <p>No hay evidencia científica clara de que los piojos puedan sofocarse con remedios caseros, como la mayonesa, el aceite de oliva o sustancias similares. Tampoco debe usar kerosene o gasolina, son peligrosos e inflamables.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Niños y adolescentes Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Head Lice Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Enfermedades parasitarias Pediculosis Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <h3>¿Qué son los piojos del cuerpo?</h3> <p>Los piojos del cuerpo son pequeños insectos que viven y ponen liendres (huevos de piojos) en la ropa. Son parásitos y necesitan alimentarse de sangre humana para sobrevivir. Por lo general, solo van a la piel para alimentarse.</p> <p>Los piojos del cuerpo son uno de los tres tipos de piojos que viven en humanos. Los otros dos tipos son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headlice.html">piojos de la cabeza</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pubiclice.html">ladilla</a> (piojos púbicos). Cada tipo de piojo es diferente, e infectarse de un tipo no significa que se contagiará con otro.</p> <p>Los piojos del cuerpo pueden transmitir enfermedades como tifus, fiebre de las trincheras y fiebre recurrente.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los piojos del cuerpo?</h3> <p>El síntoma más común de los piojos del cuerpo es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/itching.html">picazón</a> intensa. También puede haber una erupción causada por una reacción alérgica a las picaduras. La picazón hace que algunas personas se rasquen hasta que se les forman llagas. A veces, estas lesiones pueden infectarse con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">bacterias</a> u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html">hongos</a>.</p> <p>Si alguien tiene piojos del cuerpo por mucho tiempo, las áreas de su piel con más mordidas pueden hacerse más gruesa y cambiar de color. Esto es más común alrededor de su sección media (cintura, ingle y parte superior de los muslos).</p> <h3>¿Cómo se contagian los piojos del cuerpo?</h3> <p>Los piojos del cuerpo se mueven arrastrándose porque no pueden saltar ni volar. En general, se contagian a través del contacto físico con una persona con piojos del cuerpo. También pueden contagiarse a través del contacto con la ropa, cama, ropa de cama o toallas de una persona con piojos del cuerpo. Los animales no contagian estos piojos a los humanos.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener piojos del cuerpo?</h3> <p>Los piojos del cuerpo son más comunes en personas que no pueden bañarse y lavar su ropa seguido, especialmente si vive en condiciones de hacinamiento (muchas personas viviendo en el mismo lugar). En los Estados Unidos se encuentran en la mayoría de las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homelessnessandhealth.html">personas sin hogar</a>. En otros países, también pueden afectar a los refugiados y a las víctimas de guerras o desastres naturales.</p> <h3>¿Cómo saber si tiene piojos del cuerpo?</h3> <p>En general, el diagnóstico de piojos del cuerpo se obtiene al encontrar liendres y piojos en las costuras de la ropa. En ocasiones, se puede ver piojos del cuerpo arrastrándose o alimentándose en la piel. A veces se necesita una lupa para observar los piojos o liendres.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los piojos del cuerpo?</h3> <p>El principal tratamiento para los piojos del cuerpo es mejorar la higiene personal. Esto significa ducharse regularmente y lavar la ropa, ropa de cama y toallas al menos una vez a la semana. Use agua caliente para lavar la ropa y séquela usando el ciclo más caliente de la secadora. Algunas personas también pueden necesitar un medicamento para matar los piojos.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Asuntos de salud sexual Body Lice Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica <p>Your pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland at the base of your brain. The pituitary is the &quot;master control gland&quot; - it makes hormones that affect growth and the functions of other glands in the body. </p> <p>With pituitary disorders, you often have too much or too little of one of your hormones. Injuries can cause pituitary disorders, but the most common cause is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pituitarytumors.html">pituitary tumor</a>.</p> Brain and Nerves Endocrine System Enfermedades de la glándula pituitaria Pituitary Diseases Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Pituitary Tumors Acromegaly Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Endocrine Society Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert Endocrine Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Endocrine Society Specifics Endocrine Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation <p>Your pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland at the base of your brain. The pituitary is the "master control gland" - it makes hormones that affect growth and the functions of other glands in the body. </p> <p>Pituitary tumors are common, but often they don't cause health problems. Most people with pituitary tumors never even know they have them. The most common type of pituitary tumor produces hormones and disrupts the balance of hormones in your body. This can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocrinediseases.html">endocrine diseases</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cushingssyndrome.html">Cushing's syndrome</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html">hyperthyroidism</a>.</p> <p>Symptoms of pituitary tumors include:</p><ul> <li>Headaches </li> <li>Vision problems</li> <li>Nausea and vomiting</li> <li>Problems caused by the production of too many hormones</li> </ul> <p>Pituitary tumors are usually curable. Treatment is often surgery to remove the tumor. Other options include medicines, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.</p> Cancers Endocrine System Tumores de la glándula pituitaria Pituitary Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Pituitary Disorders Prolactinoma Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Endocrine Society Children National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Related Issues American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here Endocrine Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Genetics American Cancer Society Children National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Children National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Bubonic plague Pneumonic plague <p>Plague is an infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The bacteria are found mainly in rats and in the fleas that feed on them. People and other animals can get plague from rat or flea bites. In the past, plague destroyed entire civilizations. Today plague is uncommon, due to better living conditions and antibiotics.</p> <p>There are three forms of plague:</p> <ul> <li>Bubonic plague causes the tonsils, adenoids, spleen, and thymus to become inflamed. Symptoms include fever, aches, chills, and tender lymph glands.</li> <li>In septicemic plague, bacteria multiply in the blood. It causes fever, chills, shock, and bleeding under the skin or other organs.</li> <li>Pneumonic plague is the most serious form. Bacteria enter the lungs and cause pneumonia. People with the infection can spread this form to others. This type could be a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html">bioterror</a> agent.</li> </ul> <p>Lab tests can diagnose plague. Treatment is a strong antibiotic. There is no vaccine.</p> Infections Peste Plague Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Biodefense and Bioterrorism Bubonic Plague Pneumonic Plague Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Department of the Interior PDF Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Journal Articles Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert World Health Organization Dieta DASH Dieta DASH para bajar la presión arterial <p>DASH en inglés significa enfoques alimenticios para detener la presión alta. Es un plan de alimentación basado en estudios de investigación patrocinados por el Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre (NHLBI). Estos estudios demostraron que el plan de alimentación DASH baja la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial</a> y mejora los niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol</a>. Esto reduce el riesgo de desarrollar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html">enfermedades del corazón</a>.</p> <p>El plan de alimentación DASH:</p> <ul> <li>Se enfoca en verduras, frutas y granos enteros</li> <li>Incluye productos lácteos bajos en grasa o sin grasa, pescado, pollo, frijoles, semillas, nueces y aceites vegetales</li> <li>Limita los alimentos con alto contenido en grasas saturadas. Estos alimentos incluyen carnes grasas, productos lácteos enteros y aceites tropicales como coco, palmiste y palma</li> <li>Limita las bebidas azucaradas y los dulces</li> </ul> <p>El plan de alimentación DASH y otros cambios de estilo de vida pueden ayudar a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">bajar la presión arterial</a>. Estos incluyen mantener un peso saludable, hacer ejercicio y no fumar.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Alimentos y nutrición DASH Eating Plan Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre DASH Dieta DASH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Fácil de leer Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>Los planes de administración de seguros de salud son un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthinsurance.html">seguro de salud</a>. Éstos contratan profesionales y establecimientos médicos para suministrar atención a sus miembros con costos reducidos. Estos proveedores forman la red del plan. Lo que su plan deberá pagar por la atención de salud depende de las reglas de la red.</p> <p>Los planes que ofrecen menos opciones en general cuestan menos. Si busca un plan más flexible, probablemente cueste más. Existen tres tipos de planes de administración de seguros de salud:</p><ul> <li> Organizaciones de mantenimiento de la salud (HMO, por sus siglas en inglés): En general pagan por la atención dentro de la red. Usted elige un médico de cabecera que coordina la mayoría de sus cuidados</li> <li>Organizaciones de proveedores preferentes (PPO, por sus siglas en inglés): Suelen pagar más si usted se atiende dentro de la red, pero pagan una parte si lo hace fuera de ella</li> <li> Planes de punto de servicio (POS, por sus siglas en inglés): Permiten elegir entre una HMO o una PPO cada vez que necesite atención médica </li> </ul> Sistemas de salud Managed Care HMO Organizaciones para el mantenimiento de la salud (HMO) Seguros Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Más información Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Más información Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Más información Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Cosmetic surgery <p>Surgeons can reshape the appearance of body parts through cosmetic surgery. Some of the most common body parts people want to improve through surgery include:</p><ul> <li> Breasts: Increase or reduce the size of breasts or reshape sagging breasts </li> <li> Ears: Reduce the size of large ears or set protruding ears back closer to the head</li> <li> Eyes: Correct drooping upper eyelids or remove puffy bags below the eyes</li> <li> Face: Remove facial wrinkles, creases or acne scars</li> <li> Hair: Fill in balding areas with one's own hair</li> <li> Nose: Change the shape of the nose </li> <li> Tummy: Flatten the abdomen</li> </ul> Surgery and Rehabilitation Cirugía plástica y cosmética Plastic Surgery Procedures Japanese Korean Spanish Spanish Botox Breast Reconstruction Scars Skin Aging Varicose Veins Body Contouring Breast Implants Breast Reduction Cosmetic Surgery Surgery, Plastic Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Find an Expert American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Society of Plastic Surgeons Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics VisualDX Specifics American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research American Society of Plastic Surgeons Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics VisualDX Thrombocyte disorders <p>Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are blood cells. They form in your bone marrow, a sponge-like tissue in your bones. Platelets play a major role in blood clotting. Normally, when one of your blood vessels is injured, you start to bleed. Your platelets will clot (clump together) to plug the hole in the blood vessel and stop the bleeding. You can have different problems with your platelets:</p> <ul> <li>If your blood has a <strong>low number of platelets</strong>, it is called thrombocytopenia. This can put you at risk for mild to serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleeding.html">bleeding</a>. The bleeding could be external or internal. There can be various causes. If the problem is mild, you may not need treatment. For more serious cases, you may need medicines or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">blood or platelet transfusions</a>.</li> <li>If your blood has <strong>too many platelets</strong>, you may have a higher risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clots</a>.</li> <ul> <li>When the cause is unknown, this is called thrombocythemia. It is rare. You may not need treatment if there are no signs or symptoms. In other cases, people who have it may need treatment with medicines or procedures.</li> <li>If another disease or condition is causing the high platelet count, it is thrombocytosis. The treatment and outlook for thrombocytosis depends on what is causing it.</li> </ul> <li>Another possible problem is that your <strong>platelets do not work as they should</strong>. For example, in von Willebrand Disease, your platelets cannot stick together or cannot attach to blood vessel walls. This can cause excessive bleeding. There are different types of in von Willebrand Disease; treatment depends on which type you have.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Problemas plaquetarios Blood Platelet Disorders Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bleeding Disorders Blood Clots Blood Count Tests Blood Disorders Blood Thinners Blood Platelet Disorders Thrombocytopenia von Willebrand's Disease Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society of Hematology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics World Federation of Hemophilia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Your pleura is a large, thin sheet of tissue that wraps around the outside of your lungs and lines the inside of your chest cavity. Between the layers of the pleura is a very thin space. Normally it's filled with a small amount of fluid. The fluid helps the two layers of the pleura glide smoothly past each other as your lungs breathe air in and out.</p> <p>Disorders of the pleura include:</p><ul> <li>Pleurisy - inflammation of the pleura that causes sharp pain with breathing</li> <li>Pleural effusion - excess fluid in the pleural space</li> <li>Pneumothorax - buildup of air or gas in the pleural space</li> <li>Hemothorax - buildup of blood in the pleural space</li> </ul> <p>Many different conditions can cause pleural problems. Viral infection is the most common cause of pleurisy. The most common cause of pleural effusion is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">congestive heart failure</a>. Lung diseases, like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a>, tuberculosis, and acute lung injury, cause pneumothorax. Injury to the chest is the most common cause of hemothorax. Treatment focuses on removing fluid, air, or blood from the pleural space, relieving symptoms, and treating the underlying condition.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Lungs and Breathing Trastornos pleurales Pleural Diseases Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Breathing Problems Collapsed Lung Lung Diseases Pleural Effusion Pleurisy Pneumothorax Thoracentesis Find an Expert American Lung Association Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Streptococcus pneumoniae infections <p>Pneumococci are a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html">streptococcus</a> bacteria. The bacteria spread through contact with people who are ill or by healthy people who carry the bacteria in the back of their nose. Pneumococcal infections can be mild or severe. The most common types of infections are:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html">Ear infections</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html">Sinus infections</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">Pneumonia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html">Sepsis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html">Meningitis</a></li> </ul> <p>How the diagnosis is made depends upon where the infection is. Your doctor will do a physical exam and ask about your medical history. Possible tests may include blood, imaging, or lab tests. Treatment is with antibiotics. Vaccines can prevent pneumococcal infections. There are two vaccines. One is for infants and young children. The other is for people at high risk, including those who are over 65 years old, have chronic illnesses or weak immune systems, smoke, have asthma, or live in long-term care facilities.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Infecciones por neumococo Pneumococcal Infections Albanian Amharic Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi French Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Italian Japanese Karen Khmer Korean Nepali Oromo Pashto Polish Portuguese Punjabi Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Meningitis Pneumonia Sepsis Sinusitis Streptococcal Infections Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infections Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Immunization Action Coalition Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Immunization Action Coalition PDF Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <h3>What is <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em>?</h3> <p><em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> is a fungus that is common throughout the world. Many people have been exposed to it as children. Some people have the fungus in their lungs. If you are healthy, it usually will not make you sick. But it can make you sick if you have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">weakened immune system</a>, for example if you:</p> <ul> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html">HIV</a></li> <li>Have an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune disease</a></li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancer</a></li> <li>Have a chronic (long-lasting) <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">lung disease</a></li> <li>Had an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">organ</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">bone marrow transplant</a></li> <li>Take medicines which weaken your immune system, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">steroids</a></li> </ul> <h3>How does <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> spread? </h3> <p><em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> can spread from person to person through the air. You can spread it to others even if it isn't making you sick.</p> <h3>What is pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)? </h3> <p>The most common type of infection that <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> causes is pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">Pneumonia</a> is an infection in one or both of the lungs. It causes the air sacs of the lungs to fill up with fluid or pus.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)? </h3> <p>The symptoms of PCP can develop over several days or weeks. They may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">Cough</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Trouble breathing</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a></li> <li>Chills</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> </ul> <p>Contact your healthcare provider if you have symptoms that you think are related to PCP. Since PCP can be life-threatening, it's important to get early treatment.</p> <h3>How is pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) diagnosed? </h3> <p>To find out if you have PCP, your provider will take a sample of fluid or tissue from your lungs. You may cough up the sample (called sputum), have fluid collected during a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bronchoscopy-and-bronchoalveolar-lavage-bal/">bronchoalveolar lavage</a>, or have tissue taken with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>. They will send the sample to the lab to check for <em>Pneumocystis</em>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)? </h3> <p>The treatment for PCP is with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>, either by mouth or intravenously (by IV). You need to take them for about 3 weeks. If you have a severe case of PCP, you might need treatment in the hospital.</p> <h3>Can pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) be prevented? </h3> <p>There is no vaccine to prevent PCP. Some people who are at high risk of getting PCP may need to take antibiotics to prevent it.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Lungs and Breathing Immune System Infecciones por Pneumocystis Pneumocystis Infections Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases HIV HIV and Infections Pneumonia Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Bronchopneumonia <h3>What is pneumonia?</h3> <p>Pneumonia is an infection in one or both of the lungs. It causes the air sacs of the lungs to fill up with fluid or pus. It can range from mild to severe, depending on the type of germ causing the infection, your age, and your overall health.</p> <h3>What causes pneumonia?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">Bacterial</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viral</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fungalinfections.html">fungal</a> infections can cause pneumonia.</p> <p>Bacteria are the most common cause. Bacterial pneumonia can occur on its own. It can also develop after you've had certain viral infections such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">cold</a> or the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a>. Several different types of bacteria can cause pneumonia, including:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumococcalinfections.html">Streptococcus pneumoniae</a></li> <li>Legionella pneumophila; this pneumonia is often called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/legionnairesdisease.html">Legionnaires' disease</a></li> <li>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</li> <li>Chlamydia pneumoniae</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/haemophilusinfections.html">Haemophilus influenzae</a></li> </ul> <p>Viruses that infect the respiratory tract may cause pneumonia. Viral pneumonia is often mild and goes away on its own within a few weeks. But sometimes it is serious enough that you need to get treatment in a hospital. If you have viral pneumonia, you are at risk of also getting bacterial pneumonia. The different viruses that can cause pneumonia include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratorysyncytialvirusinfections.html">Respiratory syncytial virus</a> (RSV)</li> <li>Some common cold and flu viruses</li> <li>SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a></li> </ul> <p>Fungal pneumonia is more common in people who have chronic health problems or weakened immune systems. Some of the types include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumocystisinfections.html">Pneumocystis pneumonia</a> (PCP)</li> <li>Coccidioidomycosis, which causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/valleyfever.html">valley fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/histoplasmosis.html">Histoplasmosis</a></li> <li>Cryptococcus</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for pneumonia?</h3> <p>Anyone can get pneumonia, but certain factors can increase your risk:</p><ul> <li>Age; the risk is higher for children who are age 2 and under and adults age 65 and older</li> <li>Exposure to certain chemicals, pollutants, or toxic fumes</li> <li>Lifestyle habits, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">smoking</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">heavy alcohol use</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html">malnourishment</a></li> <li>Being in a hospital, especially if you are in the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/criticalcare.html">ICU</a>. Being sedated and/or on a ventilator raises the risk even more.</li> <li>Having a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">lung disease</a></li> <li>Having a weakened immune system</li> <li>Have trouble <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">coughing</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">swallowing</a>, from a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a> or other condition</li> <li>Recently being sick with a cold or the flu</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of pneumonia?</h3> <p>The symptoms of pneumonia can range from mild to severe and include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li>Chills</li> <li>Cough, usually with phlegm (a slimy substance from deep in your lungs)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a> when you breathe or cough</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and/or vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> </ul> <p>The symptoms can vary for different groups. Newborns and infants may not show any signs of the infection. Others may vomit and have a fever and cough. They might seem sick, with no energy, or be restless.</p> <p>Older adults and people who have serious illnesses or weak immune systems may have fewer and milder symptoms. They may even have a lower than normal temperature. Older adults who have pneumonia sometimes have sudden changes in mental awareness.</p> <h3>What other problems can pneumonia cause?</h3> <p>Sometimes pneumonia can cause serious complications such as:</p><ul> <li>Bacteremia, which happens when the bacteria move into the bloodstream. It is serious and can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html">septic shock</a>.</li> <li>Lung <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html">abscesses</a>, which are collections of pus in cavities of the lungs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pleuraldisorders.html">Pleural disorders</a>, which are conditions that affect the pleura. The pleura is the tissue that covers the outside of the lungs and lines the inside of your chest cavity.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html">Kidney failure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/respiratoryfailure.html">Respiratory failure</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is pneumonia diagnosed?</h3> <p>Sometimes pneumonia can be hard to diagnose. This is because it can cause some of the same symptoms as a cold or the flu. It may take time for you to realize that you have a more serious condition.</p> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms</li> <li>A physical exam, including listening to your lungs with a stethoscope</li> <li>Various tests, such as <ul> <li>A chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a></li> <li>Blood tests such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/">complete blood count</a> (CBC) to see if your immune system is actively fighting an infection</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">Blood culture</a> to find out whether you have a bacterial infection that has spread to your bloodstream</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>If you are in the hospital, have serious symptoms, are older, or have other health problems, you may also have more tests, such as:</p><ul> <li>Sputum test, which checks for bacteria in a sample of your sputum (spit) or phlegm (slimy substance from deep in your lungs).</li> <li>Chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a> to see how much of your lungs is affected. It may also show if you have complications such as lung abscesses or pleural effusions.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pleural-fluid-analysis/">Pleural fluid culture</a>, which checks for bacteria in a fluid sample that was taken from the pleural space</li> <li>Pulse oximetry or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-oxygen-level/">blood oxygen level test,</a> to check how much oxygen is in your blood</li> <li>Bronchoscopy, a procedure used to look inside your lungs' airways</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for pneumonia?</h3> <p>Treatment for pneumonia depends on the type of pneumonia, which germ is causing it, and how severe it is:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">Antibiotics</a> treat bacterial pneumonia and some types of fungal pneumonia. They do not work for viral pneumonia.</li> <li>In some cases, your provider may prescribe antiviral medicines for viral pneumonia</li> <li>Antifungal medicines treat other types of fungal pneumonia</li> </ul> <p>You may need to be treated in a hospital if your symptoms are severe or if you are at risk for complications. While there, you may get additional treatments. For example, if your blood oxygen level is low, you may receive <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">oxygen therapy</a>.</p> <p>It may take time to recover from pneumonia. Some people feel better within a week. For other people, it can take a month or more.</p> <h3>Can pneumonia be prevented?</h3> <p>Vaccines can help prevent pneumonia caused by pneumococcal bacteria or the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html">flu virus</a>. Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">good hygiene</a>, not smoking, and having a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html">healthy lifestyle</a> may also help prevent pneumonia.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Infections Lungs and Breathing Neumonía Pneumonia Albanian Amharic Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi French Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Italian Japanese Karen Khmer Korean Nepali Oromo Pashto Polish Portuguese Punjabi Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Haemophilus Infections Legionnaires' Disease Lung Diseases Pneumococcal Infections Pneumocystis Infections Bronchopneumonia Walking Pneumonia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert American Lung Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Children American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here American Lung Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms American Lung Association Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Ivy poison Rhus dermatitis Toxicodendron dermatitis <p>If you spend time outdoors, chances are you have been bothered by poison ivy, poison oak or poison sumac at some point. Most people are sensitive to the plants' oily sap. The sap is in the root, stems, leaves and fruit of these plants. If it gets on your skin, it causes a blistering skin <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rash</a>. The rash can range from mild to severe, depending on how much sap gets on your skin and how sensitive you are to it. Problems can also happen if the plants are burned. Airborne sap-coated soot can get into the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory system. </p> <p>The best way to avoid the rash is to learn what the plants look like and stay away from them. If you come into contact with the plants, wash your skin and clothing right away. If you develop a rash, ask your pharmacist about over-the-counter medicines. For severe rashes, see your doctor. </p> <p class="">National Park Service</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Hiedra, roble y zumaque venenosos Dermatitis, Toxicodendron Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Rashes Poison Oak Poison Sumac Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Start Here Food and Drug Administration Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children American Academy of Pediatrics Images VisualDX Start Here American Academy of Dermatology Start Here National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians <p>A poison is any substance that is harmful to your body. You might swallow it, inhale it, inject it, or absorb it through your skin. Any substance can be poisonous if too much is taken. Poisons can include:</p><ul> <li>Prescription or over-the-counter medicines taken in doses that are too high</li> <li>Overdoses of illegal drugs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html">Carbon monoxide</a> from gas appliances</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html">Household products</a>, such as laundry powder or furniture polish </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html">Pesticides</a> </li> <li>Indoor or outdoor plants </li> <li>Metals such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html">lead</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html">mercury</a> </li> </ul> <p>The effects of poisoning range from short-term illness to brain damage, coma, and death. To prevent poisoning it is important to use and store products exactly as their labels say. Keep dangerous products where children can't get to them. Treatment for poisoning depends on the type of poison. If you suspect someone has been poisoned, call your local poison control center at <strong>1-800-222-1222</strong> right away.</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Safety Issues Envenenamiento Poisoning Spanish National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Arsenic Asbestos Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Foodborne Illness Household Products Lead Poisoning Mercury Pesticides Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Red Cross Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Health Resources and Services Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Statistics and Research America's Poison Centers Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency PDF Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Health Resources and Services Administration Statistics and Research Safe Kids Worldwide Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Health Resources and Services Administration Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency PDF Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>La polimialgia reumática es una enfermedad que causa dolores musculares y rigidez en el cuello, los hombros y las caderas. Es más común en las mujeres y casi siempre ocurre en las personas mayores de 50 años. El síntoma principal es la rigidez después de descansar. Otros síntomas incluyen fiebre, debilidad y pérdida de peso. En algunos casos, la polimialgia reumática se desarrolla durante la noche. En otros, es gradual. </p> <p>No se conoce la causa de la polimialgia reumática. No existe una prueba específica para diagnosticarla. Su profesional de la salud usará su historia clínica, síntomas y un examen físico para hacer un diagnóstico. Las pruebas de laboratorio que se hacen para detectar inflamación pueden ayudar a confirmar el diagnóstico. </p> <p>Algunas veces, la polimialgia reumática ocurre junto con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/giantcellarteritis.html">arteritis de células gigantes</a>, una afección que causa inflamación de las arterias de la cabeza. Los síntomas incluyen dolores de cabeza y vista borrosa. Con frecuencia, los médicos recetan prednisona, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoide</a> para ambas enfermedades. La polimialgia reumática responde muy bien al tratamiento y puede desaparecer en uno o dos días. Sin tratamiento, suele desaparecer al cabo de un año o más. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Piel, cabello y uñas Polymyalgia Rheumatica Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Arteritis de células gigantes Vasculitis Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Infantile paralysis PPS Poliomyelitis <h3>What is polio? </h3> <p>Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a disease that spreads from person to person. It is caused by the poliovirus. The virus attacks the nervous system. In serious cases, it can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html">paralysis</a> (where you can't move parts of the body). The paralysis may be lifelong and can sometimes be life-threatening.</p> <p>Because of vaccines, polio is rare in the United States. But polio does occur in some parts of the world, and travelers can spread the virus.</p> <h3>How does polio spread?</h3> <p>The poliovirus is very contagious. It spreads through contact with:</p> <ul> <li>The stool (poop) of person who has the infection</li> <li>Droplets from a sneeze or cough of someone who has the infection</li> </ul> <p>This contact can happen if:</p> <ul> <li>You get contaminated stool or droplets on your hands and then touch your mouth</li> <li>A child puts contaminated toys or other objects into their mouth</li> <li>You share food or utensils with someone who has the infection</li> </ul> <p>People who have the infection can spread it to others just before and up to several weeks after the symptoms appear. People who don't have symptoms can still spread the virus to others and make them sick.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop polio?</h3> <p>Polio mainly affects children under age 5. But people of any age (including adults) who are unvaccinated are at risk of developing polio. People who live in or travel to areas where there is polio are more likely to get polio.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of polio?</h3> <p>Most people who get infected with poliovirus do not have any symptoms. But one out of four people who get polio will have flu-like symptoms. These symptoms usually last 2 to 5 days, and they include:</p> <ul> <li>Sore throat</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> <li>Stomach pain</li> </ul> <p>In rare cases, polio can be very serious. It can lead to:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html">Meningitis</a>, an infection of the covering of your spinal cord and/or brain.</li> <li>Weakness or paralysis in your arms, legs, or both. This paralysis or weakness can last a lifetime. It is possible for the paralysis to become life-threatening if it affects the muscles that you use to breathe.</li> <li>Post-polio syndrome (PPS), which happens later in life.</li> </ul> <h3>What is post-polio syndrome (PPS)?</h3> <p>Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors many years after they recovered from polio. It usually happens 15-40 years later. It is not contagious.</p> <p>People who get PPS start having new weakening in muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. Symptoms may range from mild to serious. The symptoms of PPS include:</p> <ul> <li>Muscle weakness</li> <li>Muscle atrophy (wasting away of muscles)</li> <li>Loss of muscle function</li> <li>Mental and physical fatigue</li> <li>Joint pain</li> <li>Curving of the spine (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html">scoliosis</a>)</li> </ul> <p>PPS is rarely life-threatening, but the symptoms can interfere with your daily life.</p> <h3>How is polio diagnosed?</h3> <p>If you think you or someone in your family has symptoms of polio, call your healthcare provider right away or go to an emergency room.</p> <p>To find out if you or your child has polio, the provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will do a physical exam.</li> <li>Will take a detailed medical history, including your vaccination history and history of any recent travel.</li> <li>Will collect samples of body fluids, such as stool, saliva, blood, urine, and spinal fluid. Poliovirus is most likely to be detected in stool specimens.</li> <li>May do an MRI to look at pictures of the spinal cord.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for polio and post-polio syndrome (PPS)?</h3> <p>There is no cure or specific treatment for polio. For a mild case, getting rest and drinking plenty of liquids may help with some of the symptoms.</p> <p>If the polio is more serious, you or your child may need:</p> <ul> <li>Physical or occupational therapy to help with arm or leg weakness. The earlier therapy is started, the better. </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">Pain relievers</a> to help with pain and treat fever. If your child is sick, do not give them aspirin unless their provider tells you to.</li> <li>A ventilator to help with breathing if the breathing muscles are weak or paralyzed.</li> </ul> <p>There is no cure for PPS. Treatments may help you manage your symptoms. They include:</p> <ul> <li>Non-fatiguing exercises (exercises that do not cause pain or fatigue that lasts more than 10 minutes). These exercises may improve muscle strength and reduce tiredness. Your provider can help you figure out which exercises are best for you.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html">Mobility aids</a>.</li> <li>Ventilation equipment.</li> <li>Lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and not smoking.</li> </ul> <h3>Can polio be prevented?</h3> <p>There are two types of vaccine that can prevent polio:</p> <ul> <li>Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) given as an injection in the leg or arm, depending on how old you are. Since 2000, this has been the only polio vaccine used in the United States.</li> <li>Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is given as drops in the mouth. It is still used throughout much of the world.</li> </ul> <p>Children in the United States get four doses of PV as part of their routine <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html">childhood immunizations</a>. Most adults in the United States were vaccinated against polio as children.</p> <p>There is a one-time IPV booster. It may be given to adults who have completed their polio vaccinations but are at higher risk of contact with poliovirus. You may be at higher risk if you are:</p> <ul> <li>Traveling to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater</li> <li>Working in a laboratory or healthcare setting and handling samples that might contain polioviruses</li> <li>A healthcare worker who has contact with patients who could have polio</li> </ul> <p>Another way to help prevent the spread of polio is to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">wash your hands</a> often with soap and water. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers will not kill poliovirus.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Infections Brain and Nerves Polio y síndrome de post-polio Poliomyelitis Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Dari Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Italian Japanese Karen Khmer Korean Marshallese Nepali Oromo Pashto Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Paralysis Infantile Paralysis PPS Paralysis, Infantile Poliomyelitis Post-polio Syndrome Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With Post-Polio Health International including International Ventilator Users Network Video Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors World Health Organization Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Living With World Health Organization Find an Expert Post-Polio Health International including International Ventilator Users Network Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Living With Post-Polio Health International including International Ventilator Users Network In English and Spanish Find an Expert World Health Organization Poliomielitis <h3>¿Qué es la poliomielitis?</h3> <p>La poliomielitis, o polio, es una enfermedad que se transmite de persona a persona. Es causada por el poliovirus. Este virus ataca el sistema nervioso. En casos graves, puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html">parálisis</a> (no es posible mover partes del cuerpo). La parálisis puede durar toda la vida y, en ocasiones, poner en riesgo la vida.</p> <p>Gracias a las vacunas, la poliomielitis es rara en los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, ocurre en algunas partes del mundo y los viajeros pueden propagar el virus.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se propaga la poliomielitis?</h3> <p>El poliovirus es muy contagioso. Se propaga a través del contacto con:</p> <ul> <li>Heces de la persona con la infección</li> <li>Gotas de un estornudo o tos de alguien con la infección</li> </ul> <p>Este contacto puede ocurrir si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene heces o gotitas contaminadas en sus manos y luego se toca la boca</li> <li>Un niño se lleva a la boca juguetes u otros objetos contaminados</li> <li>Comparte alimentos o utensilios con alguien que tiene la infección</li> </ul> <p>Las personas que tienen la infección pueden transmitirla a otros justo antes y hasta varias semanas después de que aparezcan los síntomas. Las personas sin síntomas aún pueden transmitir el virus a otros y enfermarlos.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener polio?</h3> <p>La poliomielitis afecta principalmente a niños menores de 5 años. Pero personas de cualquier edad (incluidos los adultos) que no están vacunadas corren el riesgo de contraerla. Las personas que viven o viajan a áreas donde hay polio tienen más probabilidades de contraerla.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la poliomielitis?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas que se infectan con el poliovirus no presentan síntomas. Pero 1 de cada 4 personas que contraen polio tendrá síntomas similares a los de la gripe. Estos síntomas suelen durar de 2 a 5 días e incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor de garganta</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náuseas</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li>Dolor de estómago</li> </ul> <p>En casos raros, la poliomielitis puede ser muy grave. Puede causar:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html">Meningitis</a>: Infección de la cubierta de su médula espinal y/o cerebro</li> <li>Debilidad o parálisis en sus brazos, piernas o ambos: Esta parálisis o debilidad puede durar toda la vida. Es posible que se convierta en una amenaza para la vida si afecta los músculos que usa para respirar</li> <li>Síndrome pospolio: Ocurre más adelante en la vida</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué es el síndrome post-polio?</h3> <p>El síndrome post-polio (SPP) es un problema que afecta a los sobrevivientes de polio muchos años después de que se recuperaron de la afección. Suele ocurrir 15-40 años después. No es contagioso.</p> <p>Las personas que contraen síndrome post-polio comienzan a tener un nuevo debilitamiento en los músculos que anteriormente se vieron afectados por la infección de polio. Los síntomas pueden variar de leves a graves e incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Debilidad muscular</li> <li>Atrofia muscular (desgaste de los músculos)</li> <li>Pérdida de la función muscular</li> <li>Fatiga mental y física</li> <li>Dolor en las articulaciones</li> <li>Curvatura de la columna (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html">escoliosis</a>)</li> </ul> <p>El síndrome post-polio rara vez puede ser mortal, pero los síntomas pueden interferir con su vida diaria.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la poliomielitis?</h3> <p>Si cree que usted o alguien de su familia tiene síntomas de polio, llame a su profesional de la salud de inmediato o vaya a la sala de emergencias.</p> <p>Para saber si usted o su hijo tienen polio, el profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Hacer un examen físico</li> <li>Detallar su historia clínica, incluyendo el historial de vacunación y de cualquier viaje reciente</li> <li>Recolectar muestras de fluidos corporales, como heces, saliva, sangre, orina y líquido cefalorraquídeo. Es más probable que el poliovirus se detecte en muestras de heces</li> <li>Hacer una resonancia magnética para observar imágenes de la médula espinal</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la polio y el síndrome post-polio?</h3> <p>No hay cura ni tratamiento específico para la poliomielitis. Para un caso leve, descansar y beber muchos líquidos puede ayudar con algunos de los síntomas.</p> <p>Si la poliomielitis es más grave, es posible que usted o su hijo necesiten:</p> <ul> <li>Terapia física u ocupacional para ayudar con la debilidad de brazos o piernas. Cuanto antes se inicie la terapia, mejor</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">Analgésicos</a> para aliviar el dolor y tratar la fiebre. Si su hijo está enfermo, no le dé aspirina a menos que su proveedor se lo indique</li> <li>Un ventilador para ayudar con la respiración si los músculos respiratorios están débiles o paralizados</li> </ul> <p>No hay cura para el síndrome post-polio. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Ejercicios sin fatiga (ejercicios que no causan dolor o fatiga que dure más de 10 minutos): Pueden mejorar la fuerza muscular y reducir el cansancio. Su profesional de la salud puede ayudar a determinar qué ejercicios son mejores para usted</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html">Asistencia para la movilidad</a></li> <li>Equipos de ventilación</li> <li>Cambios en el estilo de vida, como seguir una dieta saludable, dormir lo suficiente y no fumar</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la poliomielitis?</h3> <p>Hay dos tipos de vacunas que pueden prevenir la poliomielitis:</p> <ul> <li>Vacuna de poliovirus inactivado: Se aplica como inyección en la pierna o el brazo, según la edad que tenga. Desde el año 2000, esta ha sido la única vacuna contra la poliomielitis utilizada en los EE. UU.</li> <li>Vacuna oral contra el poliovirus: Se administra en forma de gotas en la boca. Todavía se usa en gran parte del mundo</li> </ul> <p>Los niños en los EE. UU. reciben cuatro dosis de vacunas contra la polio como parte de su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html">inmunización infantil</a> de rutina. La mayoría de los adultos en los Estados Unidos fueron vacunados contra la poliomielitis cuando eran niños.</p> <p>Hay un refuerzo de dosis única de vacuna de poliovirus inactivado. Se puede administrar a adultos que han completado sus vacunas contra la poliomielitis pero que tienen un mayor riesgo de contacto con el poliovirus. Puede tener un mayor riesgo si:</p> <ul> <li>Viaja a un país donde el riesgo de contraer polio es mayor</li> <li>Trabaja en un laboratorio o entorno de atención médica y manipula muestras que podrían contener poliovirus</li> <li>Es un trabajador de la salud que tiene contacto con pacientes que podrían tener polio</li> </ul> <p>Otra forma de ayudar a prevenir la propagación de la poliomielitis es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">lavarse las manos</a> con frecuencia con agua y jabón. Los desinfectantes para manos a base de alcohol no matan el poliovirus.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Infecciones Cerebro y nervios Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Parálisis Parálisis infantil Poliomielitis Post-polio Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF PCOS Stein-Leventhal Syndrome <h3>What is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? </h3> <p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the name for set of symptoms that are related to an imbalance of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a>. PCOS affects the ovaries, as well as many other parts of the body.</p> <p>People with PCOS usually have at least two of these problems:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Not ovulating.</strong> Normally, your ovaries make the egg that is released each month as part of a healthy <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">menstrual cycle</a>. This is called ovulation. But with PCOS, the egg may not develop as it should, or it may not be released during ovulation. Your periods may be irregular, or you may not have them at all.</li> <li><strong>High levels of androgens.</strong> Androgens are hormones that are important for normal male sexual development. Women normally make smaller amounts of androgens. Having higher levels of androgens can cause you to have extra body or facial hair (called hirsutism).</li> <li><strong>Cysts in one or both ovaries.</strong> Cysts are growths that are small, fluid-filled sacs.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?</h3> <p>The exact cause of PCOS in unknown. Research has shown that different factors may play a role, including:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/polycystic-ovary-syndrome/">Genetics</a>.</strong> PCOS tends to run in families.</li> <li><strong>Imbalances in androgen levels.</strong></li> <li><strong>Insulin resistance.</strong> This is a condition in which your body can't use insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone that helps move <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood glucose</a> (sugar) into your cells to give them energy. Insulin resistance can lead to high blood glucose levels.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?</h3> <p>PCOS often develops as young as age 11 or 12, around the time of your first period. But you can develop it later.</p> <p>The symptoms can vary from person to person. Some people have few or even no symptoms. They may not realize they have PCOS until they have trouble getting pregnant. Other people may have more severe symptoms.</p> <p>The symptoms of PCOS may include:</p> <ul> <li>Irregular or missed menstrual periods.</li> <li>Too much hair on the face, chest, stomach, or thighs.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a>, weight gain, or trouble losing weight.</li> <li>Severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html">acne</a> which may be hard to treat.</li> <li>Oily skin.</li> <li>Patches of thickened dark skin (called acanthosis nigricans).</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html">Infertility</a>. PCOS is one of the most common causes of infertility. But many people with PCOS can still get pregnant.</li> </ul> <h3>What other health problems are linked to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?</h3> <p>PCOS is linked to many other health problems, including:</p> <ul> <li>Insulin resistance, which can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">Heart disease</a>. Having PCOS increases your risk, and this risk goes up as you age.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a>.</li> <li>High <a href="ldlthebadcholesterol.html" tid="6783">LDL ("bad") cholesterol</a> and low <a href="hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" tid="6785">HDL ("good") cholesterol</a>. This increases your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">risk of heart disease</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">Sleep apnea</a>, a disorder that causes you to repeatedly stop breathing during sleep.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Although there are links between PCOS and these conditions, researchers do not know whether:</p> <ul> <li>PCOS causes some of these problems</li> <li>Some of these problems cause PCOS, or </li> <li>There are other conditions that cause both PCOS and these other health problems</li> </ul> <p>Not everyone who has PCOS will have all these problems. However, you and your health care provider may want to monitor your health for signs of them, so they can be treated early.</p> <h3>How is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no specific test for PCOS. To find out if you have PCOS, your provider: </p> <ul> <li>Will do a physical exam, which will include looking for the physical signs of PCOS.</li> <li>Will ask about your medical history and family health history.</li> <li>May do a pelvic exam to check for signs of extra male hormones and to see if your ovaries are enlarged or swollen.</li> <li>May order a pelvic <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a> to look for cysts on your ovaries and check the thickness of your endometrium (the lining of your uterus, or womb).</li> <li>May order blood tests, including tests to check your hormone levels.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?</h3> <p>There is no cure for PCOS, but treatments can help you manage your symptoms. The treatments may include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Lifestyle changes,</strong> which can help reduce many symptoms. They can also lower your risk for or help manage related health problems. These changes include: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Maintaining a healthy weight</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Getting regular physical activity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html">Eating healthy foods</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medicines:</strong> <ul> <li><strong>Hormonal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth control</a>,</strong> such as pills, shots, and IUDs, can make your period more regular. They may also help remove acne and extra facial and body hair. But you would only use them if you don't want to get pregnant.</li> <li><strong>Anti-androgen medicines,</strong> which block the effect of androgens. This can help reduce hair loss on your head, the growth of facial and body hair, and acne. Providers do use them to help with these symptoms, but anti-androgen medicines are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat PCOS. These medicines can cause problems during pregnancy. Your provider may have you take them with birth control (to prevent pregnancy).</li> <li><strong>Insulin-sensitizing medicines,</strong> which are medicines that are used to treat type 2 diabetes. They improve insulin resistance and keep your blood glucose levels steady. They may also lower your androgen levels. They are not approved by the FDA to treat PCOS. But they may help with your symptoms.</li> <li><strong>Medicines for acne.</strong> These medicines come in pills, creams, or gels.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Treatments for hair removal,</strong> such as facial hair removal creams, laser hair removal, and electrolysis.</li> <li><strong>Fertility treatments</strong> if you are having trouble getting pregnant. They include medicines and procedures such as <a href="assistedreproductivetechnology.html" tid="6242">in vitro fertilization (IVF)</a>.</li> </ul> Women Endocrine System Female Reproductive System Síndrome de ovario poliquístico Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Ovarian Cysts PCOS Stein-Leventhal Syndrome Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues American Society for Reproductive Medicine Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>Polymyalgia rheumatica is a disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness in your neck, shoulders, and hips. It is most common in women and almost always occurs in people over 50. The main symptom is stiffness after resting. Other symptoms include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a>, weakness and weight loss. In some cases, polymyalgia rheumatica develops overnight. In others, it is gradual.</p> <p>The cause of polymyalgia rheumatica is unknown. There is no specific test for it. Your doctor will use your medical history, symptoms, and a physical exam to make the diagnosis. Lab tests for inflammation may help confirm the diagnosis.</p> <p>Polymyalgia rheumatica sometimes occurs along with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/giantcellarteritis.html">giant cell arteritis</a>, a condition that causes swelling of the arteries in your head. Symptoms include headaches and blurred vision. Doctors often prescribe prednisone, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">steroid</a> medicine, for both conditions. With treatment, polymyalgia rheumatica usually disappears in a day or two. Without treatment, it usually goes away after a year or more. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Skin, Hair and Nails Polimialgia reumática Polymyalgia Rheumatica Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Giant Cell Arteritis Vasculitis Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American College of Rheumatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <p>Las porfirias son un grupo de trastornos genéticos causados por problemas con la forma en que el cuerpo produce una sustancia llamada hemo. El hemo se encuentra en todo el cuerpo, especialmente en la sangre y en la médula ósea, donde transporta oxígeno. </p> <p>Existen dos tipos principales de porfirias: Uno es el que afecta la piel (cutáneo) y el otro es el que afecta el sistema nervioso. Las personas que tienen porfiria cutánea desarrollan ampollas, picazón e inflamación en la piel cuando se exponen al sol. El tipo de porfiria que afecta al sistema nervioso se llama porfiria aguda. Los síntomas incluyen dolor en el pecho, abdomen, brazos o piernas, espalda, adormecimiento de los músculos, hormigueo, parálisis o calambres, vómitos, estreñimiento y cambios mentales o en la personalidad. Estos síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer. </p> <p>Algunos desencadenantes pueden causar una crisis, como ciertas medicinas, el cigarrillo, el consumo de alcohol, las infecciones, el estrés y la exposición al sol. Las crisis se desarrollan en horas o días. Pueden durar días o semanas. </p> <p>La porfiria puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. Requiere de exámenes de sangre, orina y heces. Cada tipo tiene un tratamiento diferente. Parte de este es evitar los desencadenantes. También puede incluir tratamiento con hemo (hematina) a través de una vena, medicamentos para aliviar los síntomas o extracción de sangre para reducir la cantidad de hierro en el cuerpo. Las personas que presentan varios episodios quizás deban ser internadas. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Piel, cabello y uñas Porphyria Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>Porphyrias are a group of genetic disorders caused by problems with how your body makes a substance called heme. Heme is found throughout the body, especially in your blood and bone marrow, where it carries oxygen. </p> <p>There are two main types of porphyrias. One affects the skin and the other affects the nervous system. People with the skin type develop blisters, itching, and swelling of their skin when it is exposed to sunlight. The nervous system type is called acute porphyria. Symptoms include pain in the chest, abdomen, limbs, or back; muscle numbness, tingling, paralysis, or cramping; vomiting; constipation; and personality changes or mental disorders. These symptoms come and go.</p> <p>Certain triggers can cause an attack, including some medicines, smoking, drinking alcohol, infections, stress, and sun exposure. Attacks develop over hours or days. They can last for days or weeks. </p> <p>Porphyria can be hard to diagnose. It requires blood, urine, and stool tests. Each type of porphyria is treated differently. Treatment may involve avoiding triggers, receiving heme through a vein, taking medicines to relieve symptoms, or having blood drawn to reduce iron in the body. People who have severe attacks may need to be hospitalized.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Skin, Hair and Nails Porfiria Porphyrias Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Specifics American Porphyria Foundation Find an Expert American Porphyria Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Porphyria Foundation Related Issues American Porphyria Foundation Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Treatments and Therapies American Porphyria Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Porphyria Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Porphyria Foundation Chronic COVID Long-haul COVID Long-term effects of COVID <h3>What are post-COVID conditions (long COVID)?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a> (coronavirus disease 2019) is an illness caused by a virus. Many people get better within a few days or weeks after being infected with the virus. But others have post-COVID conditions. They may:</p> <ul> <li>Have symptoms that linger for weeks, months, or even years</li> <li>Seem to recover from COVID-19 but then see their symptoms return</li> <li>Develop new symptoms or new health conditions within a few months of having COVID-19</li> </ul> <p>There are several other names for post-COVID conditions. It is often called long COVID. But it can also be called long-haul COVID, long-term effects of COVID, chronic COVID, post-acute COVID-19, and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC).</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop post-COVID conditions (long COVID)?</h3> <p>Anyone who had COVID-19, whether it was severe or mild, can have long-lasting symptoms. But you are at higher risk of post-COVID conditions if you:</p> <ul> <li>Had severe COVID-19 illness, especially if you were hospitalized or needed intensive care.</li> <li>Had underlying health conditions before you got COVID-19.</li> <li>Did not get a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19vaccines.html">COVID-19 vaccine</a>.</li> <li>Had multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) during or after COVID-19. MIS is a rare but serious condition in which different body parts become inflamed. </li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of post-COVID conditions (long COVID)?</h3> <p>Post-COVID conditions do not affect everyone the same way. They can cause various types and combinations of symptoms in different people. The symptoms may affect different parts of the body, for example:</p> <ul> <li>General symptoms, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a></li> <li>Respiratory symptoms, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">trouble breathing</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">cough</a></li> <li>Heart symptoms, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">chest pain</a> and palpitations</li> <li>Neurologic symptoms such as trouble thinking and concentrating ("brain fog"), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">headaches</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">sleep problems</a></li> <li>Digestive symptoms such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a> and stomach pain</li> </ul> <p>Some people may have a wide variety of symptoms that are similar to those of other conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/myalgicencephalomyelitischronicfatiguesyndrome.html">myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome</a> (ME/CFS).</p> <p>Most people's symptoms slowly improve over time. But for some people, the symptoms can last weeks, months, or longer. Sometimes the symptoms are severe enough to result in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">disability</a>.</p> <h3>How are post-COVID conditions (long COVID) diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no specific test for post-COVID conditions. To find out if you have a post-COVID condition, your provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your medical history. This includes asking if you have had a diagnosis of COVID-19, either based on a positive test, symptoms, or exposure.</li> <li>Will do a physical exam.</li> <li>May order blood and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging</a> tests.</li> </ul> <p>Some of symptoms of post-COVID conditions may be hard to explain. The results of blood and imaging tests may be normal. And people who have unexplained symptoms may sometimes be misunderstood by their providers. So it can take some time to get a diagnosis.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for post-COVID conditions (long COVID)?</h3> <p>There is no specific treatment for post-COVID conditions yet. You and your provider can work together to create a personal care plan to manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life.</p> <h3>Can post-COVID conditions (long COVID) be prevented?</h3> <p>The best way to prevent post-COVID conditions is to avoid getting COVID-19. Staying up to date with vaccines (including boosters) against COVID-19 can help prevent COVID-19 infection and protect against severe illness.</p> Infections Afecciones posteriores al COVID-19 (COVID-19 persistente) Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome COVID-19 complications Spanish COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) COVID-19 Testing COVID-19 Vaccines Long COVID Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Pan American Health Organization Statistics and Research Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Johns Hopkins Medicine Children American Academy of Pediatrics NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Journal Articles NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery PTSD <h3>What is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?</h3> <p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder that some people develop after they experience or see a traumatic event. The traumatic event may be life-threatening, such as combat, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html">natural disaster</a>, a car accident, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html">sexual assault</a>. But sometimes the event is not necessarily a dangerous one. For example, the sudden, unexpected death of a loved one can also cause PTSD.</p> <p>It's normal to feel afraid during and after a traumatic situation. The fear triggers a "fight-or-flight" response. This is your body's way of helping to protect itself from possible harm. It causes changes in your body such as the release of certain hormones and increases in alertness, blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing.</p> <p>In time, most people recover from this naturally. But people with PTSD don't feel better. They feel stressed and frightened long after the trauma is over. In some cases, the PTSD symptoms may start later on. They might also come and go over time.</p> <h3>What causes post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?</h3> <p>Researchers don't know why some people get PTSD and others don't. Genetics, neurobiology, risk factors, and personal factors may affect whether you get PTSD after a traumatic event.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?</h3> <p>You can develop PTSD at any age. Many risk factors play a part in whether you will develop PTSD. They include:</p><ul> <li>Your sex; women are more likely to develop PTSD</li> <li>Having had trauma in childhood</li> <li>Feeling horror, helplessness, or extreme fear</li> <li>Going through a traumatic event that lasts a long time</li> <li>Having little or no social support after the event</li> <li>Dealing with extra stress after the event, such as loss of a loved one, pain and injury, or loss of a job or home</li> <li>Having a history of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental illness</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">substance use</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?</h3> <p>There are four types of PTSD symptoms, but they may not be the same for everyone. Each person experiences symptoms in their own way. The types are:</p><ul> <li><strong>Re-experiencing symptoms</strong>, when something reminds you of the trauma and you feel that fear again. Examples include <ul> <li>Flashbacks, which cause you to feel like you are going through the event again</li> <li>Nightmares</li> <li>Frightening thoughts</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Avoidance symptoms</strong>, when you try to avoid situations or people that trigger memories of the traumatic event. This may cause you to <ul> <li>Stay away from places, events, or objects that are reminders of the traumatic experience. For example, if you were in a car accident, you might stop driving.</li> <li>Avoiding thoughts or feelings related to the traumatic event. For example, you might try to stay very busy to try to avoid thinking about what happened.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Arousal and reactivity symptoms</strong>, which may cause you to be jittery or be on the lookout for danger. They include <ul> <li>Being easily startled</li> <li>Feeling tense or "on edge"</li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html">difficulty sleeping</a></li> <li>Having angry outbursts</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Cognition and mood symptoms</strong>, which are negative changes in beliefs and feelings. They include <ul> <li>Trouble remembering important things about the traumatic event</li> <li>Negative thoughts about yourself or the world</li> <li>Feeling blame and guilt</li> <li>No longer being interested in things you enjoyed</li> <li>Trouble concentrating</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>The symptoms usually start soon after the traumatic event. But sometimes they may not appear until months or years later. They also may come and go over many years.</p> <p>If your symptoms last longer than four weeks, cause you great distress, or interfere with your work or home life, you might have PTSD.</p> <h3>How is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosed?</h3> <p>A health care provider who has experience helping people with mental illnesses can diagnose PTSD. The provider will do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">mental health screening</a> and may also do a physical exam. To get a diagnosis of PTSD, you must have all of these symptoms for at least one month:</p><ul> <li>At least one re-experiencing symptom</li> <li>At least one avoidance symptom</li> <li>At least two arousal and reactivity symptoms</li> <li>At least two cognition and mood symptoms</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?</h3> <p>The main treatments for PTSD are talk therapy, medicines, or both. PTSD affects people differently, so a treatment that works for one person may not work for another. If you have PTSD, you need to work with a mental health professional to find the best treatment for your symptoms.:</p><ul> <li><strong>Talk therapy</strong>, or psychotherapy, can teach you about your symptoms. You will learn how to identify what triggers them and how to manage them. There are different types of talk therapy for PTSD.</li> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> can help with the symptoms of PTSD. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">Antidepressants</a> may help control symptoms such as sadness, worry, anger, and feeling numb inside. Other medicines can help with sleep problems and nightmares.</li> </ul> <h3>Can post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) be prevented?</h3> <p>There are certain factors that can help reduce the risk of developing PTSD. These are known as resilience factors, and they include:</p><ul> <li>Seeking out support from other people, such as friends, family, or a support group</li> <li>Learning to feel good about your actions in the face of danger</li> <li>Having a coping strategy or a way of getting through the bad event and learning from it</li> <li>Being able to act and respond effectively despite feeling fear</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health</p> Mental Health and Behavior Trastorno de estrés postraumático Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Stress Veterans and Military Health PTSD Videos and Tutorials National Center for PTSD Video Related Issues American Migraine Foundation Older Adults National Center for PTSD Related Issues National Center for PTSD Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Center for PTSD Children National Child Traumatic Stress Network Living With Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Living With National Institute of Mental Health Video NIH Living With National Center for PTSD Related Issues National Center for PTSD Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Center for PTSD Diagnosis and Tests National Center for PTSD Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Center for PTSD Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Women Postpartum Support International Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Defense Health Agency Related Issues National Center for PTSD Start Here National Center for PTSD Children National Center for PTSD Treatments and Therapies National Center for PTSD Treatments and Therapies National Center for PTSD Journal Articles Related Issues National Center for PTSD Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Child Traumatic Stress Network Videos and Tutorials Department of Veterans Affairs Video Post-pregnancy health <p>Taking home a new baby is one of the happiest times in a woman's life. But it also presents both physical and emotional challenges. :</p><ul> <li> Get as much rest as possible. You may find that all you can do is eat, sleep, and care for your baby. And that is perfectly okay. You will have spotting or bleeding, like a menstrual period, off and on for up to six weeks. </li> <li>You might also have swelling in your legs and feet, feel constipated, have menstrual-like cramping. Even if you are not breastfeeding, you can have milk leaking from your nipples, and your breasts might feel full, tender, or uncomfortable. </li> <li>Follow your doctor's instructions on how much activity, like climbing stairs or walking, you can do for the next few weeks. </li> <li>Doctors usually recommend that you abstain from sexual intercourse for four to six weeks after birth. </li> </ul> <p>In addition to physical changes, you may feel sad or have the "baby blues." If you are extremely sad or are unable to care for yourself or your baby, you might have a serious condition called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/postpartumdepression.html">postpartum depression</a>.</p> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Cuidados después del parto Puerperal Disorders Postnatal Care Postpartum Period Arabic Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Dari French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Japanese Korean Nepali Pashto Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Vietnamese Postpartum Depression Maternal Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Video Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Nemours Foundation Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Easy-to-Read Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms March of Dimes Foundation Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Related Issues March of Dimes Foundation Post-pregnancy depression <p>Many women have the baby blues after childbirth. If you have the baby blues, you may have mood swings, feel sad, anxious or overwhelmed, have crying spells, lose your appetite, or have trouble sleeping. The baby blues most often go away within a few days or a week. The symptoms are not severe and do not need treatment.</p> <p>The symptoms of postpartum depression last longer and are more severe. You may also feel hopeless and worthless and lose interest in the baby. You may have thoughts of hurting yourself or the baby. Very rarely, new mothers develop something even more serious. They may have hallucinations or try to hurt themselves or the baby. They need to get treatment right away, often in the hospital.</p> <p>Postpartum depression can begin anytime within the first year after childbirth. The cause is unknown. Hormonal and physical changes after birth and the stress of caring for a new baby may play a role. Women who have had depression are at higher risk.</p> <p>If you think you have postpartum depression, tell your health care provider. Medicines, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">antidepressants</a>, and talk therapy can help you get well.</p> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Women Mental Health and Behavior Pregnancy and Reproduction Depresión posparto Depression, Postpartum Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Mental Health Depression Baby Blues Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues March of Dimes Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics Postpartum Support International Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Postpartum Support International Specifics Postpartum Support International Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Postpartum Support International <p>El potasio es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">mineral</a> que el cuerpo necesita para funcionar normalmente. Es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">electrolito</a>. Ayuda a la función de los nervios y a la contracción de los músculos y a que su ritmo cardiaco se mantenga constante. También permite que los nutrientes fluyan a las células y a expulsar los desechos de estas. Una dieta rica en potasio ayuda a contrarrestar algunos de los efectos nocivos del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sodio</a> sobre la presión arterial.</p> <p>La mayoría de las personas obtiene el potasio que necesita de lo que come y bebe. Las principales fuentes de potasio en la dieta incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Verduras de hoja verde como espinacas y col rizada</li> <li>Frutos de las vides como las uvas y las moras</li> <li>Vegetales de raíz o tubérculos como las zanahorias y las papas</li> <li>Frutas cítricas como naranjas y toronjas</li> </ul> <p>Los riñones ayudan a mantener la cantidad adecuada de potasio en su cuerpo. Si usted tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">enfermedad renal crónica</a>, los riñones no pueden eliminar el potasio adicional de la sangre. Algunos medicamentos también pueden elevar su nivel de potasio. Es posible que necesite una dieta especial para reducir la cantidad de potasio que consume.</p> Alimentos y nutrición Potassium Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Equilibrio hidroelectrolítico Minerales en la dieta Nutrición Suplementos en la dieta Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sistema de Salud de la Universidad de Michigan PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>Potassium is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">mineral</a> that your body needs to work properly. It is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">electrolyte</a>. It helps your nerves to function and muscles to contract. It helps your heartbeat stay regular. It also helps move nutrients into cells and waste products out of cells. A diet rich in potassium helps to offset some of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">sodium's</a> harmful effects on blood pressure.</p> <p>Many people get all the potassium they need from what they eat and drink. Sources of potassium in the diet include:</p><ul> <li>Leafy greens, such as spinach and collards</li> <li>Fruit from vines, such as grapes and blackberries</li> <li>Root vegetables, such as carrots and potatoes</li> <li>Citrus fruits, such as oranges and grapefruit</li> </ul> <p>Your kidneys help to keep the right amount of potassium in your body. If you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">chronic kidney disease</a>, your kidneys may not remove extra potassium from the blood. Some medicines also can raise your potassium level. You may need a special diet to lower the amount of potassium that you eat.</p> Food and Nutrition Potasio en la dieta Potassium, Dietary Potassium Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Dietary Supplements Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Minerals Nutrition Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Heart Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Related Issues Harvard School of Public Health Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Kidney Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Start Here Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics PWS <p>Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder. It causes poor muscle tone, low levels of sex hormones and a constant feeling of hunger. The part of the brain that controls feelings of fullness or hunger does not work properly in people with PWS. They overeat, leading to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html">obesity</a>.</p> <p>Babies with PWS are usually floppy, with poor muscle tone, and have trouble sucking. Boys may have undescended testicles. Later, other signs appear. These include:</p><ul> <li>Short stature</li> <li>Poor motor skills</li> <li>Weight gain </li> <li>Underdeveloped sex organs</li> <li>Mild intellectual and learning disabilities</li> </ul> <p>There is no cure for PWS. Growth hormone, exercise, and dietary supervision can help build muscle mass and control weight. Other treatments may include sex hormones and behavior therapy. Most people with PWS will need specialized care and supervision throughout their lives.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Mental Health and Behavior Genetics/Birth Defects Síndrome de Prader-Willi Prader-Willi Syndrome Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Center for Biotechnology Information NIH Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Learn More Prader-Willi Syndrome Association Cuidado antes de concebir Cuidado antes del embarazo <p>Si usted está tratando de tener un bebé o está pensando en ello, no es demasiado temprano para prepararse para un embarazo seguro y un bebé sano. Usted debe ver a su proveedor de salud acerca de los cuidados previos a la concepción.</p> <p>El cuidado de preconcepción es la atención que usted recibe antes de quedar embarazada. Su médico puede ayudarle a determinar cuáles son los pasos que debe tomar ahora, como por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Encontrar y solucionar cualquier problema que pudiera afectarle a usted y a su bebé más tarde, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html">diabetes</a> o la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">hipertensión arterial</a></li> <li>Aumentar la cantidad de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html">ácido fólico</a> para prevenir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html">defectos del tubo neural</a></li> <li>Aplicar todas las vacunas</li> <li>Evitar fumar, beber alcohol o tomar drogas</li> <li>Tratar de llegar a un peso saludable</li> </ul> <p>Al tomar acción sobre los problemas de salud antes del embarazo, puede evitarlos usted y su bebé en el futuro. Una vez que está embarazada, se le proporcionará <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html">atención prenatal</a> hasta que nazca su bebé.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Hombres Preconception Care Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Cuidado prenatal Embarazo Infertilidad Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>If you are trying to have a baby or are just thinking about it, it is not too early to prepare for a safe pregnancy and a healthy baby. You should see your health care provider for preconception care.</p> <p>Preconception care is care you receive before you get pregnant. Your health care provider can help you figure out which steps you need to take now, such as:</p><ul> <li>Finding and taking care of any problems that might affect you and your baby later, like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html">diabetes</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">high blood pressure</a></li> <li>Increasing the amount of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html">folic acid</a> you get to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html">neural tube defects</a></li> <li>Getting up to date on vaccines</li> <li>Avoiding smoking, drinking alcohol, or taking drugs</li> <li>Trying to reach a healthy weight</li> </ul> <p>By taking action on health issues before pregnancy, you can prevent many future problems for yourself and your baby. Once you're pregnant, you'll get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">prenatal care</a> until your baby is born.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Men Preconcepción Preconception Care Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Infertility Pregnancy Prenatal Care Fertility Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Related Issues March of Dimes Foundation Video Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors March of Dimes Foundation <h3>What is prediabetes?</h3> <p>Prediabetes means that your blood glucose, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a>, levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Too much glucose in your blood can damage your body over time.</p> <p>If you have prediabetes, you are more likely to develop <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>. But if you make some lifestyle changes now, you may be able to delay or prevent type 2 diabetes.</p> <h3>What causes prediabetes?</h3> <p>Prediabetes usually happens when your body has a problem with insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. A problem with insulin could be:</p><ul> <li>Insulin resistance, a condition in which the body can't use its insulin properly. It makes it hard for your cells to get glucose from your blood. This can cause your blood sugar levels to rise.</li> <li>Your body can't make enough insulin to keep your blood sugar levels at a healthy level</li> </ul> <p>Researchers think that being overweight and not getting regular physical activity are major factors in causing prediabetes.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for prediabetes?</h3> <p>About 1 out of every 3 adults has prediabetes. It is more common in people who:</p><ul> <li>Are overweight or have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li>Are age 45 or older</li> <li>Have a parent, brother, or sister with diabetes</li> <li>Are African American, Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander American</li> <li>Are not physically active</li> <li>Have health conditions such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">high cholesterol</a></li> <li>Have had <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html">gestational diabetes</a> (diabetes in pregnancy)</li> <li>Have a history of heart disease or stroke</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html">metabolic syndrome</a></li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS)</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of prediabetes?</h3> <p>Most people don't know they have prediabetes because usually there are no symptoms.</p> <p>Some people with prediabetes may have darkened skin in the armpit or on the back and sides of the neck. They may also have many small skin growths in those same areas.</p> <h3>How is prediabetes diagnosed?</h3> <p>There are a few different blood tests that can diagnose prediabetes. The most common ones are:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-glucose-test/">Fasting plasma glucose</a> (FPG) test, which measures your blood sugar at a single point in time. You need to fast (not eat or drink) for at least 8 hours before the test. The results of the test are given in mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter): <ul> <li>A normal level is 99 or below</li> <li>Prediabetes is 100 to 125</li> <li>Type 2 diabetes is 126 and above</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/a1c.html">A1C test</a>, which measures your average blood sugar over the past 3 months. The results of an A1C test are given as a percentage. The higher the percentage, the higher your blood sugar levels have been. <ul> <li>A normal level is below 5.7%</li> <li>Prediabetes is between 5.7 to 6.4%</li> <li>Type 2 diabetes is above 6.5%</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>If I have prediabetes, will I get diabetes?</h3> <p>If you have prediabetes, you may be able to delay or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventdiabetes.html">prevent</a> type 2 diabetes through lifestyle changes:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Losing weight</a>, if you are overweight</li> <li>Getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular physical activity</a></li> <li>Following a healthy, reduced-calorie eating plan</li> </ul> <p>In some cases, your health care provider may also recommend taking <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesmedicines.html">diabetes medicines</a>.</p> <h3>Can prediabetes be prevented?</h3> <p>If you are at risk for prediabetes, those same lifestyle changes (losing weight, regular physical activity, and a healthy eating plan) may prevent you from getting it.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Endocrine System Diabetes Mellitus Prediabetes Prediabetic State Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases A1C Diabetes Diabetes in Children and Teens Diabetes Type 2 How to Prevent Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Insulin Resistance Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Heart Association Find an Expert American Diabetes Association Diagnosis and Tests American Diabetes Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Heart Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <h3>¿Qué es la prediabetes?</h3> <p>Prediabetes significa que los niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">glucosa</a> o azúcar en la sangre son más altos de lo normal pero no lo suficientemente altos como para ser <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que consume. Demasiada glucosa en su sangre puede dañar su cuerpo con el tiempo.</p> <p>Si tiene prediabetes, es más probable que presente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedad cardíaca</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a>. Pero si hace algunos cambios en su estilo de vida, es posible que pueda retrasar o prevenir la diabetes tipo 2.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la prediabetes?</h3> <p>En general, la prediabetes ocurre cuando su cuerpo tiene un problema con la insulina. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda a que la glucosa entre a las células para darles energía. Un problema con la insulina puede ser:</p> <ul> <li>Resistencia a la insulina: Afección en la cual el cuerpo no puede usar bien la insulina, haciendo más difícil a las células obtener la glucosa de la sangre. Esto puede hacer que sus niveles de azúcar en la sangre suban</li> <li>Su cuerpo no puede producir suficiente insulina para mantener sus niveles de azúcar en la sangre a un nivel adecuado</li> </ul> <p>Los investigadores piensan que el sobrepeso y la falta de actividad física regular son factores importantes para el desarrollo de prediabetes.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener prediabetes?</h3> <p>Cerca de 1 de cada 3 adultos tiene prediabetes. Es más común en personas que:</p> <ul> <li>Tienen sobrepeso u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Tienen 45 años o más</li> <li>Tienen un padre, hermano o hermana con diabetes</li> <li>Son afroamericanos, nativos de Alaska, indios americanos, asiáticos americanos, hispanos / latinos, nativos de Hawái o isleños del Pacífico estadounidense</li> <li>No son físicamente activos</li> <li>Tienen problemas de salud como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol alto</a></li> <li>Han tenido <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html">diabetes gestacional</a> (diabetes en el embarazo)</li> <li>Tienen antecedentes de enfermedad cardíaca o accidente cerebrovascular</li> <li>Tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html">síndrome metabólico</a></li> <li> Tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">síndrome de ovario poliquístico</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la prediabetes?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas no saben que tienen prediabetes porque generalmente no presentan síntomas.</p> <p>Algunas personas con prediabetes pueden tener piel oscura en la axila o en la parte posterior y los lados del cuello. También pueden tener muchos crecimientos pequeños de la piel en esas mismas áreas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la prediabetes?</h3> <p>Varios análisis de sangre pueden diagnosticar la prediabetes. Los más comunes son:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/">Prueba de glucosa plasmática en ayunas</a>: Mide el azúcar en la sangre en un solo punto en el tiempo. Debe ayunar (no comer ni beber) durante al menos 8 horas antes de la prueba. Los resultados de la prueba se dan en mg / dL (miligramos por decilitro):</li> <ul> <li>Un nivel normal es 99 o inferior</li> <li>Prediabetes es de 100 a 125</li> <li>Diabetes tipo 2 es 126 y superior</li> </ul> <li>Prueba de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/a1c.html">A1c</a>: Mide su nivel promedio de azúcar en la sangre en los últimos 3 meses. Los resultados de una prueba de A1C se dan como un porcentaje. Cuanto mayor sea el porcentaje, mayores serán sus niveles de azúcar en la sangre:</li> <ul> <li>Un nivel normal está por debajo del 5,7%</li> <li>Prediabetes es entre 5.7 a 6.4%</li> <li>Diabetes tipo 2 está por encima del 6.5%</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>Si tengo prediabetes, ¿tendré diabetes?</h3> <p>Si tiene prediabetes, puede retrasar o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventdiabetes.html">prevenir </a> la diabetes tipo 2 a través de cambios en el estilo de vida:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">Perder peso</a> si tiene sobrepeso</li> <li>Hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física</a> regular</li> <li>Seguir un plan de alimentación saludable y bajo en calorías</li> </ul> <p>En algunos casos, su proveedor de atención médica también puede recomendarle tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesmedicines.html">medicinas para la diabetes</a></p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la prediabetes?</h3> <p>Si está en riesgo de tener prediabetes, estos mismos cambios en el estilo de vida (pérdida de peso, actividad física regular y un plan de alimentación saludable) pueden evitar que la desarrolle.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema endocrino Diabetes mellitus Prediabetes Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cómo prevenir la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes en niños y adolescentes Diabetes tipo 2 Síndrome metabólico Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Síntomas Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Alianza Nacional de la Salud Hispana Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de la Diabetes <p>You're going to have a baby! It's an exciting time, but it can also feel a bit overwhelming. You may have a lot of questions, including what you can do to give your baby a healthy start. To keep you and your baby healthy during pregnancy, it is important to:</p><ul> <li><strong>Have regular visits with your health care provider.</strong> These <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">prenatal care</a> visits help make sure that you and your baby are healthy. And if there are any health problems, your provider can find them early. Getting treatment right away can cure many problems and prevent others.</li> <li><strong>Eat healthy and drink plenty of water.</strong> Good <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html">nutrition during pregnancy</a> includes eating a variety of:</li> <ul> <li>Fruits</li> <li>Vegetables</li> <li>Whole grains</li> <li>Lean meats or other protein sources</li> <li>Low-fat dairy products</li> </ul> <li><strong>Take prenatal vitamins.</strong> During pregnancy, you need higher amounts of certain vitamins and minerals, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html">folic acid</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html">iron</a>.</li> <li><strong>Be careful with medicines.</strong> Always check with your provider before you start or stop any <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html">medicine</a>. This includes over-the-counter medicines and dietary or herbal supplements.</li> <li><strong>Stay active.</strong> Physical activity can help you stay strong, feel and sleep better, and prepare your body for birth. Check with your provider about which types of activities are right for you.</li> <li><strong>Avoid <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/reproductivehazards.html">substances that could hurt your baby</a>,</strong> including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">alcohol, drugs, and tobacco</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Your body will keep changing as your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">baby grows</a>. It can be hard to know whether a new symptom is normal or could be a sign of a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">problem</a>. Check with your provider if something is bothering or worrying you.</p> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Embarazo Pregnancy Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Hmong Japanese Korean Nepali Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Birth Control Childbirth Childbirth Problems Diabetes and Pregnancy Ectopic Pregnancy Fetal Health and Development Health Problems in Pregnancy High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy HIV and Pregnancy Infections and Pregnancy Miscarriage Pregnancy and Medicines Pregnancy and Nutrition Pregnancy and Substance Use Prenatal Care Prenatal Testing Reproductive Hazards Teenage Pregnancy Tumors and Pregnancy Related Issues American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Children's Bureau PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Living With American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Nemours Foundation Related Issues Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Images VisualDX Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Related Issues Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Living With Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Nemours Foundation Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Living With Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Nemours Foundation Symptoms Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Living With Nemours Foundation Living With Nemours Foundation Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues Food and Drug Administration <p>Not all medicines are safe to take when you are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnant</a>. Some medicines can harm your baby. That includes over-the-counter or prescription drugs, herbs, and supplements.</p> <p>Always speak with your health care provider before you start or stop any medicine. Not using medicine that you need may be more harmful to you and your baby than using the medicine. For example, many pregnant women take prescription medicines for health problems like diabetes, asthma, seizures, and heartburn. The decision about whether or not to take a medicine depends on the risks and benefits. You and your health care provider should make this choice together.</p> <p>Pregnant women should not take regular vitamins. They may have too much or too little of the vitamins that you need. There are special vitamins for pregnant women. It is important to take 0.4 mg of folic acid every day before you become pregnant through the first part of your pregnancy. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html">Folic acid</a> helps to prevent birth defects of the baby's brain or spine.</p> <p class="">Food and Drug Administration</p> Pregnancy and Reproduction Genetics/Birth Defects Medicinas durante el embarazo Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Birth Defects Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Medicines Preconception Care Pregnancy and Opioids Pregnancy and Substance Use Reproductive Hazards Medicines and Pregnancy Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists PDF Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Men Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Video Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists PDF Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Start Here Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists PDF Men Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research Food and Drug Administration Related Issues March of Dimes Foundation Video Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists PDF Journal Articles Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Food and Drug Administration Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <h3>What is nutrition, and why is it important during pregnancy?</h3> <p>Nutrition is about eating a healthy and balanced diet so your body gets the nutrients that it needs. Nutrients are substances in foods that our bodies need so they can function and grow. They include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbohydrates.html">carbohydrates</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fats</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html">proteins</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">minerals</a>, and water.</p> <p>When you're <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnant</a>, nutrition is more important than ever. You need more of many important nutrients than you did before pregnancy. Making healthy food choices every day will help you give your baby what they <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">need to develop</a>. It will also help make sure that you and your baby gain a healthy amount of weight.</p> <h3>Do I have any special nutritional needs now that I am pregnant?</h3> <p>You need more folic acid, iron, calcium, and vitamin D than you did before pregnancy:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html">Folic acid</a> is a B vitamin that may help prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html">neural tube defects</a>. <ul> <li>Before pregnancy, you need 400 mcg (micrograms) per day.</li> <li>During pregnancy and when breastfeeding, you need 600 mcg per day from foods and/or vitamins. It is hard to get this amount from foods alone, so you will most likely need to take a supplement that contains folic acid.</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html">Iron</a> is important for your baby's growth and brain development. During pregnancy, the amount of blood in your body increases, so you need more iron for yourself and your growing baby. You should get 27 mg (milligrams) of iron a day.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">Calcium</a> during pregnancy can reduce your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">preeclampsia</a>. It's a serious medical condition that causes a sudden increase in your blood pressure. Calcium also builds up your baby's bones and teeth.</li> <ul> <li>Pregnant adults should get 1,000 mg (milligrams) of calcium a day</li> <li>Pregnant teenagers (ages 14-18) need 1,300 mg of calcium a day</li> </ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">Vitamin D</a> helps the calcium to build your baby's bones and teeth. All women, pregnant or not, should be getting 600 IU (international units) of vitamin D per day.</li> </ul> <p>Keep in mind that taking too much of a supplement can be harmful. For example, very high levels of vitamin A can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">birth defects</a>. Only take vitamins and mineral supplements that your health care provider recommends.</p> <p>You also need more protein when you are pregnant. Healthy sources of protein include beans, peas, eggs, lean meats, seafood, and unsalted nuts and seeds.</p> <p>Getting enough fluids is another special nutritional concern during pregnancy. When you are pregnant, your body needs even more water to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">stay hydrated</a> and support the life inside you. So it's important to drink enough fluids every day.</p> <h3>How much weight should I gain during my pregnancy?</h3> <p>How much weight you should gain depends on your health and how much you weighed before pregnancy:</p><ul> <li>If you were at a normal weight before pregnancy, you should gain about 25 to 35 pounds</li> <li>If you were underweight before pregnancy, you should gain more</li> <li>If you were overweight or had obesity before you became pregnant, you should gain less</li> </ul> <p>Check with your provider to find out how much weight gain during pregnancy is healthy for you. You should gain the weight gradually during your pregnancy, with most of the weight gained in the last trimester.</p> <h3>Do I need to eat more calories when I am pregnant?</h3> <p>How many calories you need depends on your weight gain goals. Your provider can tell you what your goal should be, based on things like your weight before pregnancy, your age, and how fast you gain weight. The general recommendations are:</p><ul> <li>In the first trimester of pregnancy, you probably do not need extra calories</li> <li>In the second trimester, you usually need about 340 extra calories</li> <li>In the last trimester, you may need around 450 extra calories per day</li> <li>During the final weeks of pregnancy, you may not need extra calories</li> </ul> <p>Keep in mind that not all calories are equal. You should eat healthy foods that are packed with nutrients - not "empty calories" such as those found in soft drinks, candies, and desserts.</p> <h3>What foods should I avoid during pregnancy?</h3> <p>During pregnancy, you should avoid:</p><ul> <li><strong>Alcohol.</strong> There is no known amount of alcohol that is safe for a woman to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">drink during pregnancy</a>.</li> <li><strong>Fish that may have high levels of mercury.</strong> Limit white (albacore) tuna to 6 ounces per week. Do not eat tilefish, shark, swordfish, marlin, orange roughy, or king mackerel.</li> <li><strong>Foods that are more likely to contain germs that could cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">foodborne illness</a></strong>, including <ul> <li>Refrigerated smoked seafood like whitefish, salmon, and mackerel</li> <li>Undercooked meat, poultry, eggs, and seafood</li> <li>Refrigerated meat spreads</li> <li>Store-made salads, such as chicken, egg, or tuna salad</li> <li>Unpasteurized or raw milk</li> <li>Unpasteurized juices or cider</li> <li>Unpasteurized soft cheeses, such as unpasteurized feta, Brie, queso blanco, queso fresco, and blue cheeses</li> <li>Raw sprouts of any kind (including alfalfa, clover, radish, and mung bean)</li> <li>Raw cookie dough</li> <li>Unwashed fruits and vegetables</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">caffeine</a>.</strong> Drinking high amounts of caffeine may be harmful for your baby. For most people, it's best to limit caffeine to less than 200 mg per day during pregnancy. But first check with your provider about whether you should have caffeine at all.</li> </ul> Pregnancy and Reproduction Food and Nutrition Nutrición durante el embarazo Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Hmong Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Nutrition and Pregnancy Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Find an Expert Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Start Here Department of Agriculture Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Food and Nutrition Information Center PDF Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Video Related Issues March of Dimes Foundation Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>You may need to take medicines <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html">while you are pregnant</a>. But not all medicines are safe during pregnancy. Many medicines carry risks for you, your baby, or both. Opioids, especially when misused, can cause problems for you and your baby while you are pregnant.</p> <h3>What are opioids?</h3> <p>Opioids, sometimes called narcotics, are a type of drug. They include strong prescription <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a> such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and tramadol. The illegal drug heroin is also an opioid.</p> <p>A health care provider may give you a prescription opioid to reduce pain after you have had a major injury or surgery. You may get them if you have severe pain from health conditions like cancer. Some providers prescribe them for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">chronic pain</a>.</p> <p>Prescription opioids used for pain relief are generally safe when taken for a short time and as prescribed by your provider. However, people who take opioids are at risk for <a href="opioidmisuseandaddiction.html" tid="6431">opioid use disorder (OUD)</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html">overdose</a>. These risks increase when these medicines are misused. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html">Misuse</a> can include taking your opioid medicines in greater amounts or more often than you are supposed to, using them to get high, or taking someone else's opioids.</p> <h3>What are the risks of taking opioids during pregnancy?</h3> <p>Taking opioids during pregnancy can cause problems for you and your baby. The possible risks include:</p><ul> <li>Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) - withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, seizures, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and poor feeding in newborns</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html">Neural tube defects</a> - birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">Congenital heart defects</a> - problems with the structure of the baby's heart</li> <li>Gastroschisis - a birth defect of the baby's abdomen, where the intestines stick outside of the body through a hole beside the belly button</li> <li>Loss of the baby, either <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html">miscarriage</a> (before 20 weeks of pregnancy) or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stillbirth.html">stillbirth</a> (after 20 or more weeks)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html">Preterm delivery</a> - a birth before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy</li> <li>Stunted growth, leading to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">low birthweight</a></li> <li>Problems with the placenta (the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to the baby)</li> </ul> <p>If your provider suggests that you take opioids during pregnancy, you should first discuss the risks and benefits. Then if you both decide that you need to take the opioids, you should work together to try to minimize the risks. Some of the ways to do this include:</p><ul> <li>Taking them for the shortest time possible</li> <li>Taking the lowest dose that will help you</li> <li>Carefully following your provider's instructions for taking the medicines</li> <li>Contacting your provider if you have side effects</li> <li>Going to all your follow-up appointments</li> </ul> <h3>If I am already taking opioids and I become pregnant, what should I do?</h3> <p>If you have been taking opioids and you become pregnant, contact your provider. But don't stop taking the opioids on your own. If you suddenly stop taking opioids, it could cause severe health problems for you or your baby. In some cases, stopping suddenly during pregnancy may be more harmful than taking the medicines.</p> <h3>Can I breastfeed while taking opioids?</h3> <p>If you regularly take opioid medicines, you may be able to breastfeed. It depends on which medicine you are taking. But you should not breastfeed if you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html">HIV</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">take illegal drugs</a>. Check with your provider before breastfeeding.</p> <h3>What is the treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnancy?</h3> <p>If you are pregnant and have an opioid use disorder, do not stop taking opioids suddenly. Instead, see your provider so you can get help. The <a href="opioidmisuseandaddictiontreatment.html" tid="7129">treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD)</a> is called medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD). For MOUD during pregnancy, providers prescribe either buprenorphine or methadone. These medicines can reduce your cravings and help prevent withdrawal.</p><p></p> <p>Counseling, including behavioral therapies, can also help you to change your attitudes and behaviors related to drug use and build healthy life skills.</p> Substance Use and Disorders Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Embarazo y el uso de opioides Opioid-Related Disorders Pregnancy Spanish National Institute on Drug Abuse Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Treatment Pregnancy and Medicines Pregnancy and Substance Use Safe Opioid Use Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Related Issues Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Video Journal Articles Patient Handouts Treatments and Therapies Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH <p>During <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnancy</a>, there are many things you can do to keep yourself and your baby healthy. They include getting regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">prenatal care</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandnutrition.html">eating healthy</a>, and staying active. But it's also very important to avoid substances that could be harmful to you and your baby, such as tobacco, alcohol, and drugs.</p> <p><strong>Tobacco</strong></p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a> during pregnancy passes nicotine, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html">carbon monoxide</a>, and many other harmful chemicals to your baby. Nicotine is not only a health danger for you, but it can also damage your developing baby's brain and lungs. Carbon monoxide can keep the developing baby from getting enough oxygen.</p> <p>If you smoke while pregnant, it raises the risk of your baby being born <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">too small</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html">too early</a>, or with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">birth defects</a>. During the first year of life, there is a higher risk of your baby dying from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html">sudden infant death syndrome</a> (SIDS). And later in life, your child may be more likely to have health problems, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">asthma</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>.</p> <p>Other tobacco products, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html">e-cigarettes</a>, also contain nicotine and are not safe to use during pregnancy. And some of the flavorings used in e-cigarettes may be harmful to developing babies.</p> <p>You will also want to try to avoid <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">secondhand smoke</a>, which has some of the same risks as smoking during pregnancy.</p> <p><strong>Alcohol</strong></p> <p>There is no known amount of alcohol that is safe for you to drink during pregnancy and while trying to get pregnant. All types of alcohol are equally harmful, including all wines and beer. The risks from drinking during pregnancy include problems with the growth of the developing baby and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html">fetal alcohol spectrum disorders</a> (FASD). FASD is a life-long condition that can cause a mix of physical, behavioral, and learning problems.</p> <p><strong>Illegal drugs</strong></p> <p>Using illegal drugs, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cocaine.html">cocaine</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/methamphetamine.html">methamphetamines</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/clubdrugs.html">club drugs</a>, during pregnancy can cause problems for both you and your baby. They may cause low birth weight babies, birth defects, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html">miscarriage</a>. Your child may be more likely to have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html">learning</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html">developmental</a> disabilities. And if you are injecting the drugs, that puts you at risk for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>. HIV can be <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html">passed along to your baby during pregnancy</a>.</p> <p><strong>Prescription drug misuse</strong></p> <p>Misusing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html">prescription drugs</a> can also be harmful. Misuse can include taking more than your prescribed dose or taking it more often, using it to get high, or taking someone else's medicines. The possible effects of misusing a medicine during pregnancy will depend on which medicine you are misusing.</p> <p><strong>Opioids</strong></p> <p>One type of drug that is a concern during pregnancy is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioids</a>. Opioids include strong prescription <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a> such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and tramadol. The illegal drug <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html">heroin</a> is also an opioid. Taking <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandopioids.html">opioids during pregnancy</a> can cause problems for you and your baby. The risks include birth defects, preterm birth, the loss of the baby, and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). NAS causes withdrawal symptoms in newborn babies.</p> <p>If you have pain and your health care provider suggests that you take prescription opioids during pregnancy, first discuss the risks and benefits with the provider. Then if you both decide that you need to take the opioids, you can work together to try to minimize the risks.</p> <p><strong>Cannabis (marijuana)</strong></p> <a href="marijuana.html" tid="317">Cannabis (marijuana)</a> is another drug that could be harmful to your baby. Some research shows that using cannabis during pregnancy is linked to developmental problems in children and teens. More research is needed, but the safest thing to do is stop using it if you are pregnant. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises that people should not use cannabis while they are pregnant.<p></p> <p><strong>Getting help</strong></p> If you are pregnant and using any of these substances, contact your provider. Together you and your provider can find the right treatment to help you quit.<p></p> <p>If you are taking opioids or are addicted to drugs, don't stop taking them suddenly. That can be dangerous to you and the baby. Instead, contact your provider for help with getting off the drugs safely.</p> Substance Use and Disorders Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Embarazo y consumo de sustancias Substance-Related Disorders Pregnancy Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute on Drug Abuse Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Health Problems in Pregnancy Pregnancy and Opioids Alcohol Abuse in Pregnancy Drug Abuse in Pregnancy Pregnancy and Substance Abuse Smoking in Pregnancy Substance Abuse in Pregnancy Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists PDF Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Specifics Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Specifics Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Find an Expert National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Men Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Statistics and Research March of Dimes Foundation Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Video Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Start Here National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Specifics Food and Drug Administration Preemies <p>Almost 1 of every 10 infants born in the United States are premature, or preemies. A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html">premature birth</a> is when a baby is born before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. A full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks.</p> <p>Important growth and development happen throughout pregnancy - especially in the final months and weeks. Because they are born too early, preemies <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">weigh much less</a> than full-term babies. They may have health problems because their organs did not have enough time to develop. Problems that a baby born too early may have include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Breathing problems</a></li> <li>Feeding difficulties</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebralpalsy.html">Cerebral palsy</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childdevelopment.html">Developmental delay</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Vision problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingproblemsinchildren.html">Hearing problems</a></li> </ul> <p>Preemies need special medical care in a neonatal intensive care unit, or NICU. They stay there until their organ systems can work on their own. </p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Children and Teenagers Pregnancy and Reproduction Bebé prematuro Infant, Premature, Diseases Infant, Premature Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Japanese Korean Spanish Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Birth Weight Preterm Labor Preemies Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Living With American Academy of Family Physicians Living With Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Living With March of Dimes Foundation Living With March of Dimes Foundation Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Living With American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Easy-to-Read NIH Living With March of Dimes Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Center for Parent Information and Resources Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research March of Dimes Foundation Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Living With Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Academy of Pediatrics Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics PMS <h3>What is premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?</h3> <p>Premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, is a group of physical and emotional symptoms that start one to two weeks before your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">period</a>. Most women have at least some symptoms of PMS, and the symptoms go away after their periods start. The symptoms may range from mild to severe.</p> <h3>What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?</h3> <p>Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe type of PMS. With PMDD, the symptoms are severe enough to interfere with your life. PMDD much less common than PMS.</p> <h3>What causes premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?</h3> <p>Researchers don't know exactly what causes PMS. Changes in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormone</a> levels during the menstrual cycle may play a role. These changing hormone levels may affect some women more than others.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?</h3> <p>PMS symptoms are different for everyone. You may get physical symptoms, emotional symptoms, or both. Your symptoms may also change throughout your life.</p> <p><strong>Physical symptoms</strong> may include:</p> <ul> <li>Breast swelling and tenderness</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html">Acne</a></li> <li>Bloating and weight gain</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> <li>Joint pain</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html">Backache</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">Constipation</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a></li> <li>Food cravings</li> </ul> <p><strong>Emotional symptoms</strong> may include:</p> <ul> <li>Irritability</li> <li>Mood swings</li> <li>Crying spells</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">Anxiety</a></li> <li>Sleeping too much or too little</li> <li>Trouble with concentration and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html">memory</a></li> <li>Less interest in sex</li> </ul> <h3>How is premenstrual syndrome (PMS) diagnosed?</h3> <p>You may wish to see your health care provider if your symptoms bother you or affect your daily life.</p> <p>There is no single test for PMS. Your provider will talk with you about your symptoms, including when they happen and how much they affect your life. To be diagnosed with PMS, your symptoms must:</p> <ul> <li>Happen in the five days before your period for at least three menstrual cycles in a row</li> <li>End within four days after your period starts</li> <li>Keep you from enjoying or doing some of your normal activities</li> </ul> <p>Your provider may wish to do tests to rule out other conditions which may cause similar symptoms.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?</h3> <p>No single PMS treatment works for everyone. If your symptoms are not severe, you may be able to manage them with: </p> <ul> <li>Over-the-counter <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a> such as ibuprofen, aspirin, or naproxen, to help ease cramps, headaches, backaches, and breast tenderness</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Getting regular exercise</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">Getting enough sleep</a></li> <li>Eating healthy foods</li> <li>Avoiding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">salt</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">caffeine</a>, sugar, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> in the two weeks before your period</li> </ul> <p>Some studies have shown that certain vitamins may help with some symptoms of PMS. They include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html">vitamin B6</a>.</p> <p>Some women take certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html">herbal supplements</a> for PMS symptoms. But there is not enough evidence to prove that supplements are effective for PMS. Check with your provider before taking any vitamins or supplements.</p> <p>If you are not able to manage your PMS symptoms, your provider may suggest prescription medicines. These medicines may also be used to treat PMDD. They include:</p> <ul> <li>Hormonal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth control</a>, which may help with the physical symptoms of PMS. But sometimes they may make the emotional symptoms worse. You may need to try several different types of birth control before you find the right one.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">Antidepressants</a>, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which may help with emotional symptoms.</li> <li>Diuretics ("water pills") to reduce symptoms of bloating and breast tenderness.</li> <li>Anti-anxiety medicine to ease symptoms of anxiety.</li> </ul> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Women Female Reproductive System Síndrome premenstrual Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Premenstrual Syndrome Spanish Menstruation PMS Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Related Issues Nemours Foundation Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Teenagers Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation <p>Prenatal care is the health care you get while you are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnant</a>. It includes your checkups and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html">prenatal testing</a>. Prenatal care can help keep you and your baby healthy. It lets your health care provider spot health problems early. Early treatment can cure many problems and prevent others.</p> <p>Your doctor or midwife will give you a schedule for your prenatal visits. If you are over 35 years old or your pregnancy is high risk because of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">health problems</a> like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html">diabetes</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">high blood pressure</a>, your doctor or midwife will probably want to see you more often. You can also expect to see your health care provider more often as your due date gets closer.</p> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Cuidado prenatal Prenatal Care Arabic Bosnian Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Health and Development Folic Acid Health Problems in Pregnancy Pregnancy Pregnancy and Substance Use Prenatal Testing Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research March of Dimes Foundation Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>Prenatal testing provides information about your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">baby's health</a> before he or she is born. Some routine tests during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnancy</a> also check on your health. At your first <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">prenatal visit</a>, your health care provider will test for a number of things, including problems with your blood, signs of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">infections</a>, and whether you are immune to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rubella.html">rubella</a> (German measles) and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chickenpox.html">chickenpox</a>.</p> <p>Throughout your pregnancy, your health care provider may suggest a number of other tests, too. Some tests are suggested for all women, such as screenings for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesandpregnancy.html">gestational diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html">Down syndrome</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivandpregnancy.html">HIV</a>. Other tests might be offered based on your:</p><ul> <li>Age</li> <li>Personal or family medical history</li> <li>Ethnic background</li> <li>Results of routine tests</li> </ul> <p>There are two types of tests:</p><ul> <li><strong>Screening tests</strong> are tests that are done to see if you or your baby might have certain problems. They evaluate risk, but do not diagnose problems. If your screening test result is abnormal, it does not mean that there is a problem. It means that more information is needed. Your health care provider can explain what the test results mean and possible next steps. You may need diagnostic testing.</li> <li><strong>Diagnostic tests</strong> show whether or not you or your baby have a certain problem.</li> </ul> <p>It is your choice whether or not to get the prenatal tests. You and your health care provider can discuss the risks and benefits of the tests, and what kind of information the tests can give you. Then you can decide which ones are right for you.</p> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Pregnancy and Reproduction Genetics/Birth Defects Diagnostic Tests Female Reproductive System Pruebas prenatales Prenatal Diagnosis Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Health and Development Genetic Testing Prenatal Care Amniocentesis Chorionic Villi Sampling Fetal Ultrasound Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Start Here National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>La preparación para un desastre puede disminuir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas que puede causar el desastre. Puede tratarse de un <TOPIC ID="4230" LINKTEXT="desastre natural"/>, como un huracán o un tornado. También puede ser <TOPIC ID="4234" LINKTEXT="causado por el hombre"/>, como un ataque terrorista o un derrame de sustancias químicas. Debe conocer los signos de riesgo y peligro de los distintos tipos de desastres. También debe tener un plan ante un desastre. Asegúrese de evacuar su casa y saber cómo tratar problemas médicos básicos. Asegúrese también de tener el seguro que necesita, inclusive algunos tipos especiales, como el seguro contra inundaciones.</p> <p>Independientemente del tipo de desastre que ocurra, siempre provoca un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html">disturbio emocional</a>. La recuperación después de un desastre puede llevar cierto tiempo. Manténgase en contacto con sus familiares y amigos durante ese período.</p> Desastres Disaster Preparation and Recovery Biodefensa y bioterrorismo Emergencias causadas por el invierno Emergencias causadas por la radiación Emergencias químicas Enfermedades causadas por el calor Enfrentarse con desastres Huracanes Incendios forestales Inundaciones Primeros auxilios Terremotos Tornados Trastorno de estrés postraumático Tsunamis Volcanes Spanish/Español Especialistas Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Spanish/Español Especialistas Cruz Roja Americana Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Niños/as Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Prescription Drug Abuse <p>If you take a medicine in a way that is different from what the doctor prescribed, it is called prescription drug misuse. It could be:</p><ul> <li>Taking a medicine that was prescribed for someone else</li> <li>Taking a larger dose than you are supposed to</li> <li>Taking the medicine in a different way than you are supposed to. This might be crushing tablets and then snorting or injecting them.</li> <li>Using the medicine for another purpose, such as getting high</li> </ul> <p>Misusing some prescription drugs can lead to addiction. These include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioids</a>, sedatives, tranquilizers, and stimulants.</p> <p>Every medicine has some risk of side effects. Doctors take this into account when prescribing medicines. People who misuse these drugs may not understand the risks. The medicines may not be safe for them, especially at higher doses or when taken with other medicines. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse</p> Substance Use and Disorders Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados Drug Prescriptions Substance-Related Disorders Prescription Drug Overuse Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute on Drug Abuse Anabolic Steroids Medicines Opioids and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Drug Abuse, Prescription Prescription Drug Abuse Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Drug Enforcement Administration Find an Expert Drug Enforcement Administration Diagnosis and Tests National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Treatments and Therapies National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers National Institute on Drug Abuse Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Partnership to End Addiction Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Alta presión Hipertensión <h3>¿Qué es la presión arterial?</h3> <p>La presión arterial es la fuerza de su sangre al empujar contra las paredes de sus arterias. Cada vez que su corazón late, bombea sangre hacia las arterias. Su presión arterial es más alta cuando su corazón late, bombeando la sangre. Esto se llama presión sistólica. Cuando su corazón está en reposo, entre latidos, su presión arterial baja. Esto se llama presión diastólica.</p> <p>La lectura de su presión arterial usa estos dos números. Por lo general, el número sistólico se coloca antes o por encima de la cifra diastólica. Por ejemplo, 120/80 significa una presión sistólica de 120 y una diastólica de 80.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la presión arterial alta?</h3> <p>La presión arterial alta no tiene síntomas. Por ello, la única manera de averiguar si usted tiene presión arterial alta es a través de chequeos regulares cuando visita a su proveedor de atención médica. Su proveedor utilizará un medidor, un estetoscopio o un sensor electrónico y un manguito de presión arterial y tomará dos o más mediciones en citas médicas distintas antes de hacer un diagnóstico. </p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Rangos de presión arterial salulable y no saludable" width="100%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:55%">Categoría de presión arterial</th> <th scope="col" style="width:20%">Presión arterial sistólica</th> <th scope="col" style="width:5%"></th> <th scope="col" style="width:20%">Presión arterial diastólica</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Normal</td> <td>Menos de 120</td> <td><strong>y</strong></td> <td>Menos de 80</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Elevada</td> <td>120 - 129</td> <td><strong>y</strong></td> <td>Menos de 80</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Hipertensión grado 1</td> <td>130 - 139</td> <td><strong>ó</strong></td> <td>80 - 89</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Hipertensión grado 2</td> <td>140 o mayor</td> <td><strong>ó</strong></td> <td>90 o mayor</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Crisis hipertensiva (presión arterial peligrosamente alta. Busque atención médica de inmediato)</td> <td>Mayor de 180</td> <td><strong>y</strong></td> <td>Mayor de 120</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p>Para niños y adolescentes, el médico compara la lectura de la presión arterial con lo que es normal para otros niños que tienen la misma edad, estatura y sexo. </p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los diferentes tipos de presión arterial alta?</h3> <p>Hay dos tipos principales de presión arterial alta: Primaria y secundaria.:</p><ul> <li><b>Primaria o esencial</b>: Es el tipo más común de presión arterial alta. Por lo general se desarrolla con el tiempo a medida que envejece</li> <li><b>Secundaria</b>: Es causada por otra condición médica o el uso de ciertos medicamentos. Por lo general, mejora al tratarse la causa o al dejar de tomar los medicamentos que la provocan</li> </ul> <h3>¿Por qué tengo que preocuparme por la presión arterial alta?</h3> <p>Cuando su presión arterial se mantiene mucho tiempo alta, hace que el corazón bombee con más fuerza y trabaje demasiado, lo que puede ocasionar serios problemas de salud, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardiaco</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">insuficiencia cardiaca</a>, e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">insuficiencia renal</a>. </p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la presión arterial alta?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para la presión arterial alta incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">cambios de estilo de vida saludables para el corazón</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicamentos</a>.</p> <p>Su proveedor de salud colaborará con usted para un plan de tratamiento. Puede que incluya solo los cambios de estilo de vida. Estos cambios, como la alimentación saludable para el corazón y el ejercicio, pueden ser muy efectivos. Sin embargo, en ocasiones los cambios no controlan ni disminuyen la presión arterial alta. Si eso ocurre, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos. Hay diferentes tipos de medicinas para la presión arterial. Algunas personas necesitan tomar más de un tipo.</p> <p>Si su presión arterial alta es causada por otra condición médica o medicamento, tratar esa afección o suspender la medicina puede bajarla.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Personas mayores Sangre, corazón y circulación High Blood Pressure Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Medicinas para la presión arterial Plan de alimentación DASH Presión arterial alta en el embarazo Presión arterial baja Prevención de la presión arterial alta Alta presión Alta presión sanguínea Hipertensión Presión sanguínea alta Tensión arterial alta Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Fácil de leer Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Fácil de leer Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Alta presión en el embarazo Preeclampsia Toxemia del embarazo <h3>¿Qué es la presión arterial alta en el embarazo?</h3> <p>La presión arterial es la fuerza que ejerce la sangre contra las paredes de las arterias. Sus arterias son vasos sanguíneos que llevan la sangre desde su corazón a otras partes de su cuerpo. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a>, o hipertensión, es una presión arterial más alta de lo normal. Tener presión arterial alta puede ponerle en riesgo de sufrir otros problemas de salud, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades cardíacas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataques cardíacos</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidentes cerebrovasculares</a>.</p> <p>Durante el embarazo, la presión arterial alta puede causarle problemas a usted y a su bebé. Para que se mantengan sanos, es importante que usted y su bebé reciban tratamiento para la presión arterial alta antes, durante y después del embarazo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de presión arterial alta en el embarazo?</h3> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de presión arterial alta en el embarazo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Hipertensión gestacional</strong>: Presión arterial alta que se desarrolla durante el embarazo. Comienza después de las 20 semanas de embarazo. En general, no presenta ningún otro síntoma. En muchos casos, no le hace daño a usted ni a su bebé y desaparece dentro de las 12 semanas posteriores al parto. Sin embargo, sí aumenta el riesgo de hipertensión arterial en el futuro. Si se vuelve grave, puede provocar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html">parto prematuro</a> o que su bebé tenga <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html">bajo peso al nacer</a>. Algunas mujeres con hipertensión gestacional desarrollan preeclampsia, un tipo más grave de presión arterial alta durante el embarazo</li> <li><strong>Hipertensión crónica</strong>: Presión arterial alta que comienza antes de la semana 20 de embarazo o antes de quedar embarazada. Es posible que algunas personas la hayan tenido mucho antes de quedar embarazadas, pero no lo supieron hasta que les midieron la presión arterial en su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html">visita prenatal</a>. En ocasiones, la hipertensión crónica también puede causar preeclampsia</li> <li><strong>Preeclampsia</strong>: Aumento repentino de la presión arterial después de la semana 20 de embarazo. Suele ocurrir en el último trimestre. La preeclampsia también suele incluir signos de daño en algunos de sus órganos, como el hígado o los riñones. Los signos pueden incluir proteínas en la orina y presión arterial muy alta. La preeclampsia puede ser grave o incluso poner en peligro su vida como la de su bebé <ul> <li>Si la preeclampsia se vuelve lo suficientemente grave como para afectar la función cerebral y causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">convulsiones</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html">coma</a>, se llama <strong>eclampsia</strong></li> <li>En casos raros, es posible que los síntomas de preeclampsia no comiencen hasta después del parto. Esto se llama <strong>preeclampsia posparto</strong>. Si este tipo de preeclampsia se vuelve más grave y provoca convulsiones, se conoce como <strong>eclampsia posparto</strong></li> <li>Cuando una persona con preeclampsia o eclampsia tiene daño en el hígado y las células sanguíneas, se conoce como <strong>síndrome HELLP</strong>. Es raro, pero muy grave</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar presión arterial alta durante el embarazo?</h3> <p>Es más probable que tenga presión arterial alta durante el embarazo si:</p> <ul> <li>Tenía presión arterial alta crónica o enfermedad renal crónica antes del embarazo</li> <li>Tuvo presión arterial alta o preeclampsia en un embarazo anterior</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Es menor de 20 años o mayor de 40</li> <li>Está <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html">embarazada de más de un bebé</a></li> <li>Es afrodescendiente</li> <li>Tiene antecedentes familiares de presión arterial alta durante el embarazo</li> <li>Tiene ciertas afecciones de salud, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html">lupus</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la presión arterial alta en el embarazo?</h3> <p>En general, la presión arterial alta no presenta síntomas. Las personas usualmente descubren que tienen presión arterial alta cuando su profesional de la salud les <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">mide la presión arterial.</a></p> <p>La preeclampsia puede causar otros síntomas, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Demasiada proteína en la orina (llamada proteinuria)</li> <li>Hinchazón (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html">edema</a>) en la cara y las manos. Sus pies también pueden hincharse, pero muchas mujeres tienen los pies hinchados durante el embarazo. Por ello, los pies hinchados por sí solos pueden no ser un signo de problema</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a> que no desaparece</li> <li>Problemas de visión, incluyendo visión borrosa o ver puntos brillantes</li> <li>Dolor en la parte superior derecha del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">abdomen</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a></li> </ul> <p>La eclampsia también puede causar convulsiones, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">náuseas y/o vómitos</a> y baja producción de orina. Si desarrolla el síndrome HELLP, también puede tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html">sangrado</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bruises.html">moretones</a> con facilidad, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">fatiga</a> extrema e insuficiencia hepática.</p> <h3>¿Qué problemas puede causar la hipertensión arterial en el embarazo?</h3> <p>La presión arterial alta durante el embarazo puede causar complicaciones como:</p> <ul> <li>Desprendimiento de placenta, donde la placenta (el órgano que lleva oxígeno y nutrientes al bebé) se separa del útero (el lugar donde crece el bebé durante el embarazo)</li> <li>Bajo crecimiento fetal, causado por la falta de nutrientes y oxígeno</li> <li>Parto prematuro</li> <li>Bebé con bajo peso al nacer</li> <li>Daño a sus riñones, hígado, cerebro y otros órganos y sistemas sanguíneos</li> <li>Mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca para usted</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la hipertensión arterial en el embarazo?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud controlará su presión arterial y orina en cada visita prenatal. Si la lectura de su presión arterial es alta (140/90 o más), especialmente después de la semana 20 de embarazo, es probable que su proveedor solicite algunas pruebas. Estas pueden incluir análisis de sangre y otros análisis de laboratorio, como una prueba para buscar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-proteinas-en-la-orina/">proteína en la orina</a> adicional.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la presión arterial alta en el embarazo?</h3> <p>Si tiene presión arterial alta, usted y su bebé serán monitoreados de cerca para reducir la posibilidad de complicaciones. Es posible que necesite:</p> <ul> <li>Controlar su presión arterial en casa</li> <li>Llevar un registro de cuántas veces siente que el bebé patea cada día</li> <li>Ajustar su actividad física: Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre qué nivel de actividad física es adecuada para usted</li> <li>Tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicamentos para controlar su presión arterial</a>: Hable con su proveedor de atención médica sobre qué medicamentos son seguros para su bebé</li> <li>Tomar aspirina en el segundo trimestre, si tiene riesgo de preeclampsia y su proveedor le recomienda aspirina</li> <li>Visitar a su profesional de la salud con más frecuencia para controlar su estado y la tasa de crecimiento y frecuencia cardíaca de su bebé</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene <strong>eclampsia, síndrome HELLP</strong> o un caso grave de <strong>preeclampsia</strong>, lo más probable es que deba ir al hospital. El tratamiento suele incluir medicamentos. Su profesional de la salud también puede recomendarle que dé a luz al bebé antes de tiempo. La decisión se basará en:</p> <ul> <li>Qué tan grave es la afección</li> <li>Los posibles riesgos para usted y su bebé</li> <li>Qué tan avanzado está el embarazo</li> </ul> <p>El objetivo es reducir los riesgos para usted y al mismo tiempo darle a su bebé el mayor tiempo posible para madurar antes del parto. Los síntomas de la <strong>preeclampsia</strong> pueden durar después del parto, pero normalmente desaparecen en seis semanas.</p> Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Problemas de salud durante el embarazo Alta presión en el embarazo Hipertensión durante el embarazo Preeclampsia Toxemia Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Baja presión Hipotensión <p>Probablemente ha escuchado que la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a> es un problema. ¿Pero qué pasa con la presión arterial baja?</p> <p>La presión arterial es la fuerza que ejerce la sangre contra las paredes de las arterias. Cada vez que el corazón late, bombea sangre hacia las arterias. Su presión arterial estará al nivel más elevado cuando el corazón late para bombear la sangre. A ésto se le llama presión sistólica. Cuando el corazón está en reposo, entre un latido y otro, la presión sanguínea disminuye. A ésto se le llama presión diastólica. La medición de su presión arterial utiliza estos dos valores. Ambos son importantes. Por lo general, se escriben uno arriba o antes del otro, como 120/80. Si su presión arterial es de 90/60 o menos, usted tiene presión arterial baja o hipotensión arterial. </p> <p>Algunas personas tienen la presión arterial baja en todo momento. No tienen síntomas y sus lecturas de presión bajas son normales para ellas. En otras, la presión cae por debajo de los valores normales por algún evento o cuadro clínico. Algunas personas pueden experimentar síntomas de baja presión cuando se ponen de pie demasiado rápidamente. La presión arterial baja es un problema sólo cuando causa <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">mareos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html">desmayos</a> o, en casos extremos, <em><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html">shock</a></em>. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Low Blood Pressure Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Atrofia multisistémica Hipotensión Presión baja Presión sanguínea baja Shy-Drager, Síndrome Síndrome de Shy-Drager Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Bed sores Decubitus ulcers Pressure ulcers <p>Pressure sores are areas of damaged skin caused by staying in one position for too long. They commonly form where your bones are close to your skin, such as your ankles, back, elbows, heels and hips. You are at risk if you are bedridden, use a wheelchair, or are unable to change your position. Pressure sores can cause serious infections, some of which are life-threatening. They can be a problem for people in nursing homes.</p> <p>You can prevent the sores by :</p><ul> <li> Keeping skin clean and dry</li> <li>Changing position every two hours</li> <li> Using pillows and products that relieve pressure</li> </ul> <p>Pressure sores have a variety of treatments. Advanced sores are slow to heal, so early treatment is best.</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Úlcera por presión Pressure Ulcer Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Bedsores Decubitus Ulcers Images VisualDX Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurses Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Hill Foundation for Families Living with Disabilities Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Early Labor Premature Birth Premature Labor Preterm Birth <p>Preterm labor is labor that starts before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. It can lead to premature birth. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html">Premature babies</a> may face serious health risks. </p> <p>Symptoms of preterm labor include:</p><ul> <li>Contractions every 10 minutes or more often</li> <li>Leaking fluid or bleeding from the vagina</li> <li>Feeling of pressure in the pelvis</li> <li>Low, dull backache</li> <li>Cramps that feel like menstrual cramps</li> <li>Abdominal cramps with or without diarrhea</li> </ul> <p> If you think you might be having preterm labor, contact your health care provider. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Female Reproductive System Trabajo de parto prematuro Obstetric Labor, Premature Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Premature Birth Premature Labor Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Learn More Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Cómo prevenir la presión alta Prevención de la hipertensión Prevención de la tensión arterial alta <p>Cerca de la mitad de los adultos estadounidenses tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a> (hipertensión). Muchos de ellos no saben que la tienen porque normalmente no presenta señales de advertencia. Esto puede ser peligroso, porque la presión arterial alta puede causar enfermedades potencialmente mortales, como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardíaco</a> o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a>. La buena noticia es que a menudo la presión arterial alta se puede prevenir o tratar. El diagnóstico temprano y cambios saludables para el corazón en el estilo de vida pueden evitar que la presión arterial alta dañe gravemente su salud.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la presión arterial?</h3> <p>Cada vez que su corazón late, bombea sangre hacia las arterias (los vasos sanguíneos que llevan la sangre desde el corazón a los tejidos y órganos del cuerpo). La presión arterial es la fuerza que ejerce la sangre contra las paredes de las arterias. La presión arterial se mide con dos números:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Presión sistólica</strong> (el primer número y el mayor): Mide la presión dentro de las arterias cuando el corazón late</li> <li><strong>Presión diastólica</strong> (el segundo número e inferior): Mide la presión dentro de las arterias cuando el corazón descansa entre latidos</li> </ul> <p>Por ejemplo, una lectura de presión arterial de 120/80 significa una sistólica de 120 y una diastólica de 80.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la presión arterial alta?</h3> <p>En general, la presión arterial alta no presenta síntomas. Por ello, la única forma de saber si la tiene son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/medicion-de-la-presion-arterial/">controles periódicos de presión arterial</a> por parte de su profesional de la salud. Su proveedor de atención médica usará un manómetro, un estetoscopio o sensor electrónico y un manguito de presión arterial. Antes de hacer un diagnóstico, realizará dos o más lecturas en citas separadas:</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Rangos de presión arterial salulable y no saludable" width="100%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:55%">Categoría de presión arterial</th> <th scope="col" style="width:20%">Presión arterial sistólica</th> <th scope="col" style="width:5%"></th> <th scope="col" style="width:20%">Presión arterial diastólica</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Normal</td> <td>Menos de 120</td> <td><strong>y</strong></td> <td>Menos de 80</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Elevada</td> <td>120 - 129</td> <td><strong>y</strong></td> <td>Menos de 80</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Hipertensión grado 1</td> <td>130 - 139</td> <td><strong>ó</strong></td> <td>80 - 89</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Hipertensión grado 2</td> <td>140 o mayor</td> <td><strong>ó</strong></td> <td>90 o mayor</td> </tr> <tr class="r1"> <td>Crisis hipertensiva (presión arterial peligrosamente alta. Busque atención médica de inmediato)</td> <td>Mayor de 180</td> <td><strong>y</strong></td> <td>Mayor de 120</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p>Para niños y adolescentes, el profesional de la salud compara la medición de la presión arterial con lo que se considera normal para otros niños de la misma edad, altura y sexo.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener presión arterial alta?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener presión arterial alta, pero existen ciertos factores que pueden aumentar su riesgo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Edad</strong>: La presión arterial tiende a aumentar con la edad</li> <li><strong>Raza / etnia</strong>: La presión arterial alta es más común en adultos afrodescendientes. También tienden a tener cifras de presión arterial promedio más altas y a padecer presión arterial alta a una edad más temprana</li> <li><strong>Sexo</strong>: Los hombres tienen más probabilidades que las mujeres de tener presión arterial alta durante la mediana edad. Pero en los adultos mayores, las mujeres tienen más probabilidades que los hombres de desarrollarla</li> <li><strong>Estilo de vida</strong>: Ciertos hábitos de estilo de vida pueden aumentar el riesgo de hipertensión arterial, como comer demasiado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sal</a> (sodio) o poco <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/potassium.html">potasio</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">falta de ejercicio</a>, beber demasiado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">fumar</a></li> <li><strong>Historia familiar y genética</strong>: A menudo, la presión arterial alta es hereditaria. Muchos genes están relacionados con pequeños aumentos en el riesgo de hipertensión arterial</li> <li><strong>Factores sociales y económicos</strong>:</li> <ul> <li>Las investigaciones muestran que factores como los ingresos, el nivel educativo, el lugar donde vive y el tipo de trabajo que tiene pueden aumentar su riesgo de hipertensión arterial. Por ejemplo, trabajar en turnos temprano o tarde puede aumentar su riesgo</li> <li>Experimentar discriminación y pobreza se ha relacionado con la presión arterial alta. Además, algunas investigaciones muestran que los traumas en la infancia pueden aumentar el riesgo de hipertensión arterial</li> </ul> <li><strong>Ciertos medicamentos</strong>: Algunos medicamentos pueden aumentar la presión arterial, entre ellos: <ul> <li>Ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">antidepresivos</a></li> <li>Descongestionantes (medicamentos para aliviar la congestión nasal)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">Control de la natalidad y contracepción</a> hormonales</li> <li>Medicamentos antiinflamatorios no esteroides (AINE), un tipo de analgésico</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Tener otras afecciones médicas</strong>, como: <ul> <li>Algunos tumores</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">Enfermedad renal crónica</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html">Síndrome metabólico</a></li> <li>Sobrepeso y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">Apnea del sueño</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">Problemas de tiroides</a></li> </ul> </li></ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo prevenir la presión arterial alta?</h3> <p>Usted puede ayudar a prevenir la presión arterial alta teniendo un estilo de vida saludable. Esto significa:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Consumir una dieta saludable</strong>: Para ayudar a controlar su presión arterial, debe limitar la cantidad de sal (sodio) que come y aumentar la cantidad de potasio en su dieta. También es importante consumir alimentos bajos en grasas, así como muchas frutas, verduras y granos integrales. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dasheatingplan.html">plan de alimentación DASH</a> es un ejemplo de plan de alimentación que puede ayudarle a reducir su presión arterial</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Hacer actividad física regular</a></strong>: La actividad física regular puede ayudarle a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">Control de peso</a> y bajar la presión arterial</li> <li><strong>Tener un peso saludable</strong>: El sobrepeso o la obesidad aumentan el riesgo de tener presión arterial alta. Mantener un peso saludable puede ayudarle a controlar la presión arterial alta y reducir el riesgo de sufrir otros problemas de salud</li> <li><strong>Limitar el alcohol</strong>: Beber demasiado alcohol puede aumentar la presión arterial. También agrega calorías adicionales, lo que puede causar subir de peso</li> <li><strong>No fumar</strong>: Fumar cigarrillos aumenta la presión arterial y aumenta el riesgo de sufrir un ataque cardíaco y un derrame cerebral. Si no fuma, no comience. Si fuma, hable con su profesional de la salud para que le ayude a encontrar la mejor manera de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejarlo</a></li> <li><strong>Controlar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a></strong>: Aprender a relajarse y controlar el estrés puede mejorar su salud física y emocional y bajar la presión arterial alta. Las técnicas de manejo del estrés incluyen hacer ejercicio, escuchar música, concentrarse en algo tranquilo o pacífico y meditar</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Dormir lo suficiente y de buena calidad</a></strong></li> </ul> <p>Si ya tiene presión arterial alta, es importante evitar que empeore o cause complicaciones. Debe recibir atención médica periódica y seguir su plan de tratamiento. Su plan incluirá recomendaciones de hábitos de vida saludables y posiblemente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicamentos</a>.</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación How to Prevent High Blood Pressure Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Alcohol Dejar de fumar Estrés Medicinas para la presión arterial Nutrición Plan de alimentación DASH Presión arterial alta Presión arterial alta en el embarazo Enfermedad hipertensiva, Prevención Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Ovarian insufficiency POF POI Premature ovarian failure <h3>What is primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)?</h3> <p>Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), also known as premature ovarian failure, happens when a woman's ovaries stop working normally before she is 40.</p> <p>Many women naturally experience reduced fertility when they are about 40 years old. They may start getting irregular menstrual periods as they transition to menopause. For women with POI, irregular periods and reduced fertility start before the age of 40. Sometimes it can start as early as the teenage years.</p> <p>POI is different from premature <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">menopause</a>. With premature menopause, your periods stop before age 40. You can no longer get pregnant. The cause can be natural or it can be a disease, surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. With POI, some women still have occasional periods. They may even get pregnant. In most cases of POI, the cause is unknown.</p> <h3>What causes primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)?</h3> <p>In about 90% of cases, the exact cause of POI is unknown.</p> <p>Research shows that POI is related to problems with the follicles. Follicles are small sacs in your ovaries. Your eggs grow and mature inside them. One type of follicle problem is that you run out of working follicles earlier than normal. Another is that the follicles are not working properly. In most cases, the cause of the follicle problem is unknown. But sometimes the cause may be:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">Genetic disorders</a> such as Fragile X syndrome and Turner syndrome</li> <li>A low number of follicles</li> <li>Autoimmune diseases, including thyroiditis and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/addisondisease.html">Addison disease</a></li> <li>Chemotherapy or radiation therapy</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicdisorders.html">Metabolic disorders</a></li> <li>Toxins, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">cigarette smoke</a>, chemicals, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html">pesticides</a></li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)?</h3> <p>Certain factors can raise a woman's risk of POI:</p><ul> <li><strong>Family history.</strong> Women who have a mother or sister with POI are more likely to have it.</li> <li><strong>Genes.</strong> Some changes to genes and genetic conditions put women at higher risk for POI. For example, women <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fragilexsyndrome.html">Fragile X syndrome</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/turnersyndrome.html">Turner syndrome</a> are at higher risk.</li> <li><strong>Certain diseases,</strong> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune diseases</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viral infections</a></li> <li><strong>Cancer treatments,</strong> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation therapy</a></li> <li><strong>Age.</strong> Younger women can get POI, but it becomes more common between the ages of 35-40.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)?</h3> <p>The first sign of POI is usually irregular or missed periods. Later symptoms may be similar to those of natural menopause:</p><ul> <li>Hot flashes</li> <li>Night sweats</li> <li>Irritability</li> <li>Poor concentration</li> <li>Decreased sex drive</li> <li>Pain during sex</li> <li>Vaginal dryness</li> </ul> <p>For many women with POI, trouble getting pregnant or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html">infertility</a> is the reason they go to their health care provider.</p> <h3>What other problems can primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) cause?</h3> <p>Since POI causes you to have lower levels of certain hormones, you are at greater risk for other health conditions, including:</p><ul> <li><strong>Anxiety and depression.</strong> Hormonal changes caused by POI can contribute to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a> or lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>.</li> <li><strong>Dry eye syndrome and eye surface disease.</strong> Some women with POI have one of these eye conditions. Both can cause discomfort and may lead to blurred vision. If not treated, these conditions can cause permanent eye damage.</li> <li><strong>Heart disease.</strong> Lower levels of estrogen can affect the muscles lining the arteries and can increase the buildup of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">cholesterol</a> in the arteries. These factors increase your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">atherosclerosis</a> (hardening of the arteries).</li> <li><strong>Infertility.</strong></li> <li><strong>Low thyroid function.</strong> This problem also is called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html">hypothyroidism</a>. The thyroid is a gland that makes hormones that control your body's metabolism and energy level. Low levels of thyroid hormones can affect your metabolism and can cause very low energy, mental sluggishness, and other symptoms.</li> <li><strong>Osteoporosis.</strong> The hormone estrogen helps keep bones strong. Without enough estrogen, women with POI often develop <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>. It is a bone disease that causes weak, brittle bones that are more likely to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">break</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>How is primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) diagnosed?</h3> <p>To diagnose POI, your health care provider may do:</p><ul> <li><strong>A medical history,</strong> including asking whether you have relatives with POI</li> <li><strong>A pregnancy test,</strong> to make sure that you are not pregnant</li> <li><strong>A physical exam,</strong> to look for signs of other disorders that could be causing your symptoms</li> <li><strong>Blood tests,</strong> to check for certain hormone levels. You may also have a blood test to do a chromosome analysis. A chromosome is the part of a cell that contains genetic information.</li> <li><strong>A pelvic ultrasound,</strong> to see whether or not the ovaries are enlarged or have multiple follicles</li> </ul> <h3>How is primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) treated?</h3> <p>Currently, there is no proven treatment to restore normal function to a woman's ovaries. But there are treatments for some of the symptoms of POI. There are also ways to lower your health risks and treat the conditions that POI can cause:</p><ul> <li><strong>Hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">HRT</a> is the most common treatment. It gives your body the estrogen and other hormones that your ovaries are not making. HRT improves sexual health and decreases the risks for heart disease and osteoporosis. You usually take it until about age 50; that's about the age when menopause usually begins.</li> <li><strong>Calcium and vitamin D supplements.</strong> Because women with POI are at higher risk for osteoporosis, you should take <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">vitamin D</a> every day.</li> <li><strong>In vitro fertilization (IVF).</strong> If you have POI and you wish to become pregnant, you may consider trying <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">IVF</a>.</li> <li><strong>Regular physical activity and a healthy body weight.</strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Getting regular exercise</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">controlling your weight</a> can lower your risk for osteoporosis and heart disease.</li> <li><strong>Treatments for associated conditions.</strong> If you have a condition that is related to POI, it is important to treat that as well. Treatments may involve medicines and hormones.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Endocrine System Female Reproductive System Insuficiencia ovárica primaria Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Menopause Menstruation Ovarian Insufficiency Premature Ovarian Failure Genetics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert Endocrine Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Endocrine Society Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p> Los accidentes son cosas que pasan. Quizás una persona se <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choking.html">ahogue</a> con un cubo de hielo o le <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html">pique</a> una abeja. Es importante saber cuándo llamar al 911. Este número es para emergencias que atentan contra la vida de una persona. Mientras espera la ayuda de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emergencymedicalservices.html">emergencia</a>, usted puede salvar la vida de alguien. La resucitación cardiopulmonar (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html">RCP</a>) es para las personas cuyo corazón o cuya respiración se detienen y la maniobra de Heimlich es para las personas que se atragantan. </p> <p>También se puede aprender a manejar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html">lesiones y heridas</a> comunes. Las cortaduras y los rasguños, por ejemplo, deben enjuagarse con agua fría. Para detener una hemorragia, presione firme pero suavemente con una gasa. Si la sangre empapa la gasa, coloque otra sobre ella sin retirar la primera que colocó. Mantenga presión en el área. </p> <p>Es importante tener un botiquín de primeros auxilios disponible. Tenga uno en casa y uno en su automóvil. El botiquín debe incluir una guía de primeros auxilios. Lea la guía para aprender a utilizar los artículos, de modo que esté listo en caso de una emergencia. </p> Lesiones y heridas Asuntos de seguridad First Aid Atragantamiento Enfermedades causadas por el calor Hipotermia Mordeduras de animales Objetos extraños en el cuerpo Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos Preparativos y recuperación ante un desastre Quemaduras Reanimación cardiopulmonar Servicios de emergencias médicas Shock Emergencias Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Universidad de Washington, Facultad de Medicina Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Médicos de Emergencia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Enfermedades vasculares Problemas de circulación de la sangre <h3>¿Qué son los problemas circulatorios?</h3> <p>Su sistema vascular es la red de vasos sanguíneos de su cuerpo. Incluye:</p> <ul> <li>Arterias: Transportan sangre rica en oxígeno desde su corazón a sus tejidos y órganos</li> <li>Venas: Llevan la sangre y los productos de desecho de regreso a su corazón</li> <li>Capilares: Pequeños vasos sanguíneos que conectan las arterias pequeñas con las venas pequeñas. Las paredes de los capilares son muy delgadas y permiten el intercambio de sustancias entre los tejidos y la sangre </li> </ul> <p>Los problemas circulatorios, también llamados enfermedades vasculares, son trastornos que afectan su sistema vascular. Son comunes y pueden ser graves. Algunos tipos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html">Aneurisma</a>: Ensanchamiento o abultamiento en la pared de una arteria</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/atherosclerosis.html">Arterioesclerosis</a>: Enfermedad en la que se acumula placa dentro de las arterias. La placa se compone de grasa, colesterol, calcio y otras sustancias que se encuentran en la sangre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">Coágulos sanguíneos</a>: Incluyendo trombosis venosa profunda y embolia pulmonar</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carotidarterydisease.html">enfermedades de las arterias carótidas</a>: Afecciones que implican el estrechamiento o el bloqueo de una arteria. La causa suele ser una acumulación de placa</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/raynaudphenomenon.html">Fenómeno de Raynaud</a>: Trastorno que hace que los vasos sanguíneos se estrechen cuando tiene frío o se siente estresado</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Accidente cerebrovascular</a>: Afección grave que ocurre cuando se detiene el flujo de sangre a su cerebro</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/varicoseveins.html">Várices</a>: Venas hinchadas y retorcidas que se observan debajo de la piel</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html">Vasculitis</a>: Inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuál es la causa de los problemas circulatorios?</h3> <p>Las causas de los problemas circulatorios dependen de la enfermedad específica. Estas causas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Genes</li> <li>Enfermedades del corazón como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol alto</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a></li> <li>Infección</li> <li>Lesiones</li> <li>Medicamentos, incluyendo hormonas</li> </ul> <p>A veces la causa es desconocida.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de enfermedades vasculares?</h3> <p>Los factores de riesgo de las enfermedades vasculares pueden variar, dependiendo de la enfermedad específica. Pero algunos de más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Edad: El riesgo de contraer algunas enfermedades aumenta a medida que envejece</li> <li>Enfermedades que pueden afectar el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> o el colesterol alto</li> <li>Antecedentes familiares de enfermedades vasculares o cardíacas</li> <li>Infección o lesión que daña las venas</li> <li>Falta de ejercicio</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a></li> <li>Embarazo</li> <li>Estar sentado o parado por mucho tiempo</li> <li>Fumar</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las enfermedades vasculares?</h3> <p>Los síntomas para cada enfermedad son diferentes.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los problemas circulatorios?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud le hará un examen físico y le preguntará sobre sus síntomas y antecedentes clínicos. Además, se pueden solicitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de imagen</a> o de sangre.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se tratan las enfermedades vasculares?</h3> <p>El tratamiento depende de la enfermedad vascular que tenga y de su gravedad. Los tipos de tratamientos para enfermedades vasculares incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cambios en el estilo de vida: Como comer una dieta saludable para el corazón y hacer más ejercicio</li> <li>Medicamentos: Como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicinas para la presión arterial</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">anticoagulantes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html">medicinas para el colesterol</a> y para disolver coágulos. En ocasiones, los profesionales de la salud aplican la medicina directamente en un vaso sanguíneo a través de un catéter </li> <li>Procedimientos no quirúrgicos: Como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html">angioplastía</a>, colocación de stent y ablación de venas</li> <li>Cirugía</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las enfermedades vasculares?</h3> <p>Hay cosas que puede hacer para ayudar a prevenir enfermedades vasculares:</p> <ul> <li>Hacer cambios saludables en el estilo de vida: Comer una dieta saludable para el corazón y hacer más ejercicio</li> <li>No fume: Si ya es fumador, hable con su proveedor de atención médica para que le ayude a encontrar la mejor manera de dejar de fumar</li> <li>Mantenga su presión arterial y colesterol bajo control</li> <li>Si tiene diabetes, controle su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">azúcar en la sangre</a></li> <li>Trate de no estar sentado o parado durante largos períodos de tiempo: Si necesita sentarse todo el día, levántese y muévase por cerca de una hora. Si tiene un viaje largo, también puede usar medias de compresión y estirar las piernas con regularidad</li> </ul> Sangre, corazón y circulación Vascular Diseases Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Accidente cerebrovascular Ataque al corazón Embolia pulmonar Enfermedad arterial periférica Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias Enfermedades de las arterias carótidas Fenómeno de Raynaud Trombosis venosa profunda Vasculitis Várices Circulación, Problemas Klippel-Trenaunay, Síndrome de Vasculares, Enfermedades Venas Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Enfermedades comunes de los recién nacidos Enfermedades comunes en los bebés Problemas comunes de salud de los bebés <p>Es un momento difícil cuando su bebé está enfermo. Los problemas de salud más comunes en los bebés incluyen resfríos, tos, fiebre y vómitos. Los bebes también puede tener problemas de piel, como sarpullido del pañal o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html">costra láctea</a>.</p> <p>Muchos de estos problemas no son serios. Es importante saber cómo ayudar a su bebé enfermo y cómo reconocer las señales de aviso de problemas más serios. Confíe en su intuición. Si está preocupada por su bebé, llame inmediatamente a un profesional de la salud. </p> Niños y adolescentes Common Infant and Newborn Problems Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Bebé prematuro Chequeo médico del bebé Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido Problemas poco comunes de los recién nacidos Bebés, Problemas comunes de salud Recién nacidos, Problemas comunes de salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Discapacidades del aprendizaje <h3>¿Qué es un problema del aprendizaje?</h3> <p>Los problemas o trastornos del aprendizaje afectan la capacidad de aprender. Pueden causar problemas con:</p> <ul> <li>Comprender lo que las personas dicen</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html">Hablar</a></li> <li>Leer</li> <li>Escribir</li> <li>Resolver problemas matemáticos</li> <li>Poner atención</li> </ul> <p>A menudo, los niños tienen más de un tipo de trastorno del aprendizaje. También pueden tener otra afección, como el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html">TDHA</a>). Esto puede hacer más difícil el aprender. Cuanto antes se identifique y se aborde un problema de aprendizaje, mejores probabilidades habrá de que el niño se desempeñe bien en la escuela.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la causa de los problemas del aprendizaje?</h3> <p>Los problemas del aprendizaje no tienen nada que ver con cuán inteligente es su hijo. Son causados por diferencias en la estructura del cerebro y afectan la forma en que el cerebro absorbe y usa la información. En general, estas diferencias están presentes desde el nacimiento. Pero existen algunos factores que pueden jugar un rol al desarrollo de un trastorno del aprendizaje incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>La genética</li> <li>Exposición a sustancias en el ambiente, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html">plomo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">Consumo de sustancias durante el embarazo</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los problemas del aprendizaje?</h3> <p>Cuanto antes pueda encontrar y tratar un trastorno de aprendizaje, mejor. Sin embargo, los trastornos del aprendizaje generalmente no se encuentran hasta que un niño comienza la escuela. Si nota que su hijo tiene dificultades, hable con el maestro o con el profesional de la salud de su hijo para evaluarlo por un trastorno del aprendizaje. La evaluación puede incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Realizar un examen físico para detectar si hay algún problema médico que pueda dificultar el aprendizaje</li> <li>Preguntar sobre los antecedentes familiares</li> <li>Evaluar el rendimiento intelectual y escolar de su hijo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los problemas del aprendizaje?</h3> <p>El tratamiento más común para las discapacidades de aprendizaje es la educación especial. Un profesor u otro especialista del aprendizaje puede ayudar a su hijo a aprender a enfocarse en sus puntos fuertes y encontrar formas de compensar sus puntos débiles. Pueden sugerir formas en las que puede ayudar a su hijo cuando hace la tarea. Los educadores pueden intentar métodos especiales de enseñanza, realizar cambios en el aula o utilizar tecnologías que pueden ayudar a las necesidades de aprendizaje de su hijo. En ocasiones, los tutores o terapeutas del habla o del lenguaje también trabajan con los niños.</p> <p>Un niño con una discapacidad de aprendizaje puede tener problemas de baja autoestima, frustración y otras dificultades. Los profesionales de salud mental pueden ayudar a su hijo a comprender estos sentimientos, ayudarles a aprender a manejar estas situaciones y crear relaciones sanas.</p> <p>Si su hijo tiene otra condición como TDAH, también necesitará tratamiento para esa afección.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Niños y adolescentes Salud mental y conducta Learning Disabilities Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Problemas del habla y de la comunicación Trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad Trastornos del desarrollo Aprendizaje, Problemas de Dislexia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres Spanish/Español Niños/as Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Problemas para oír en niños <p>La mayoría de los niños puede oír desde el momento del nacimiento. Aprenden a hablar por imitación de los sonidos que escuchan a su alrededor y de las voces de sus padres y las personas que los cuidan. Pero aproximadamente dos o tres de cada 1.000 niños en los Estados Unidos nacen sordos o con dificultades auditivas. Otros pierden la audición más tarde durante la niñez. </p> <p>Los bebés deben someterse a pruebas auditivas antes de cumplir un mes de edad. Si su niño tiene un problema de audición, es importante considerar el uso de audífonos y otras opciones de comunicación antes de los seis meses de edad. Esto es porque los niños comienzan a aprender el lenguaje mucho antes de hablar. </p> <p>Los problemas auditivos pueden ser temporales o permanentes. Algunas veces, las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html">infecciones de oído</a>, las lesiones o las enfermedades pueden afectar el oído mismo. Si su hijo no oye bien, busque ayuda .</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación </p> Niños y adolescentes Oído, nariz y garganta Hearing Problems in Children Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Audífonos Implantes cocleares Problemas de la audición y sordera Tecnología asistencial Audición en niños, Problemas Chicos, Problemas de audición Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición PDF Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Video NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Problemas de coagulación de la sangre <p>Normalmente, si se lastima, su cuerpo forma un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulo de sangre</a> para detener la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html">hemorragia</a>. Para que la sangre coagule, el organismo necesita células llamadas plaquetas y proteínas conocidas como factores de coagulación. Si tiene un trastorno de coagulación, significa que no tiene suficientes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html">plaquetas</a> o factores de coagulación o éstos no funcionan como deberían. </p> <p>Los problemas de coagulación pueden ocurrir por otras enfermedades, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">enfermedades hepáticas</a> severas o falta de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamink.html">vitamina K</a>. También pueden ser hereditarios. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemophilia.html">hemofilia</a> es un trastorno de coagulación hereditario. Los trastornos de la coagulación también pueden ser causados por un efecto secundario de ciertas medicinas, como los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">anticoagulantes</a>. </p> <p>Diversos análisis de sangre pueden detectar un trastorno de la coagulación. También se le realizará un examen físico y de historia médica. Los tratamientos dependen de la causa. Pueden incluir medicamentos y transfusiones de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">sangre</a>, plaquetas o factor de coagulación.</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Bleeding Disorders Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios Hemofilia Hemorragia Sangre Coagulación, Problemas Enfermedad de von Willebrand Trombocitopenia Von Willebrand, Enfermedad de Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Mujeres Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Federación Mundial de Hemofilia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Federación Mundial de Hemofilia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Federación Mundial de Hemofilia PDF <p>¿Se ha sentido <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">mareado</a>, aturdido o como si la habitación estuviera dando vueltas a su alrededor? Si esta sensación le sucede a menudo, puede ser un signo de un problema de equilibrio. Los problemas de equilibrio pueden hacer que usted se sienta inestable. También puede tener visión borrosa, confusión y desorientación. Es una causa de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">caídas</a> y lesiones, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fractura</a> de cadera.</p> <p>Algunos problemas de equilibrio se deben a problemas en el oído interno, otros pueden estar relacionados con diferentes partes del cuerpo como el cerebro o el corazón. El envejecimiento, las infecciones, las lesiones en la cabeza, ciertos medicamentos o alteraciones en la circulación de la sangre pueden causar problemas de equilibrio.</p> <p>Es importante consultar a un médico si tiene problemas de equilibrio. Estos pueden ser señales de otros problemas de salud, como una infección de oído o un derrame cerebral. Su médico puede referirlo a un especialista para el diagnóstico. Es posible que necesite una prueba de audición, análisis de sangre o estudios de imagen de la cabeza y el cerebro. Otras pruebas posibles observarán sus movimientos oculares, y cómo su cuerpo responde al movimiento.</p> <p>En algunos casos, el tratamiento de la enfermedad que está causando el desorden le ayudará con el problema de equilibrio. Los ejercicios, un cambio en la dieta y algunos medicamentos también pueden ayudar.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación </p> Personas mayores Oído, nariz y garganta Balance Problems Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Equilibrio, Problemas Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de Fisioterapia PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Problemas para oír <p>Es frustrante no poder escuchar bien como para poder disfrutar de una charla con amigos o con la familia. Los trastornos de la audición dificultan escuchar, pero no lo hacen imposible. Muchas veces mejoran con ayuda. La sordera puede impedir totalmente que escuche.</p> <p>¿Qué causa la pérdida de audición? Algunas posibilidades son:</p> <ul> <li> Antecedentes familiares </li> <li> Enfermedades como las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html">infecciones de oído</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html">meningitis</a> </li> <li> Trauma </li> <li> Algunas medicinas </li> <li> Exponerse mucho tiempo a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html">ruidos</a> fuertes </li> <li> Envejecimiento </li> </ul> <p>Existen dos tipos principales de pérdida de audición. Uno ocurre cuando hay una lesión en el oído interno o en el nervio auditivo. Este tipo es usualmente permanente. El otro tipo ocurre cuando las ondas de sonido no pueden llegar al oído interno. Eso puede producirse por acumulación de cera o líquido o por la perforación del tímpano. Tratamiento o cirugía pueden revertir este tipo de pérdida de la audición.</p> <p>Cuando los problemas auditivos no se tratan, pueden empeorar. Si tiene problemas con la audición puede obtener ayuda. Entre los posibles tratamientos se incluyen el uso de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingaids.html">audífonos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cochlearimplants.html">implantes cocleares</a>, capacitación especial, algunas medicinas y cirugía. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</p> Personas mayores Oído, nariz y garganta Hearing Disorders and Deafness Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Audífonos Enfermedad de Ménière Implantes cocleares Problemas de audición en niños Problemas del habla y de la comunicación Ruido Tecnología asistencial Tinnitus Audición y sordera, Problemas de Escuchar, Problemas Oír, Problemas Sordera Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación PDF NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición PDF Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Video NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Video NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Problemas hematológicos <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blood.html">sangre</a> es tejido vivo formado por líquidos y sólidos. La parte líquida, llamada plasma, contiene agua, sales y proteínas. Más de la mitad del cuerpo es plasma. La parte sólida de la sangre contiene glóbulos rojos, glóbulos blancos y plaquetas.</p> <p>Los problemas de la sangre afectan una o varias partes de ésta e impiden que cumpla su función. Pueden ser crónicos o agudos. Muchos trastornos sanguíneos son hereditarios. Otras causas pueden ser otras enfermedades, efectos secundarios de algún medicamento y la falta de ciertos nutrientes en la dieta. </p> <p>Algunos tipos de problemas de la sangre son:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html">Problemas plaquetarios</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html">coagulación excesiva</a> y otros <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html">coagulación excesiva</a>, que afectan la coagulación </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">Anemia</a>, que ocurre cuando la sangre no lleva suficiente oxígeno a su cuerpo</li> <li>Cánceres sanguíneos como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html">leucemia</a>, y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplemyeloma.html">mieloma</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eosinophilicdisorders.html">Desórdenes eosinofílicos</a>, que son problemas con un tipo de glóbulos blancos</li> </ul> Sangre, corazón y circulación Blood Disorders Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Anemia Desórdenes eosinofílicos Hemocromatosis Hemofilia Hemorragia Incompatibilidad Rh Leucemia Leucemia en niños Problemas de coagulación Problemas de la sangre Sangre Talasemia Transfusión y donación de sangre Sangre, Problemas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <h3>¿Qué son las articulaciones?</h3> <p>Las articulaciones son donde se unen dos o más huesos. Sus hombros, codos, caderas, rodillas y nudillos son articulaciones. Su columna también tiene articulaciones.</p> <p>Pero las articulaciones son más que huesos. Incluyen los tejidos blandos que los rodean, como cartílagos, tendones y ligamentos. El cartílago es el tejido flexible, duro y resbaladizo que cubre los extremos de los huesos en una articulación. Los tendones son bandas resistentes y flexibles que conectan los músculos con los huesos para que pueda mover las articulaciones. Los ligamentos conectan los huesos de la articulación entre sí para mantenerlos estables cuando se mueve.</p> <h3>¿Qué son los trastornos articulares?</h3> <p>Los trastornos articulares son enfermedades o lesiones que afectan sus articulaciones. Las lesiones pueden ocurrir debido al uso excesivo de una articulación; o puede sufrir una lesión repentina, como un accidente o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportsinjuries.html">lesión deportiva</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué enfermedades pueden afectar las articulaciones?</h3> <p>Muchas enfermedades pueden afectar las articulaciones. A menudo, causan dolor en las articulaciones y provocan rigidez, enrojecimiento e hinchazón. La mayoría de ellas son crónicos, es decir, duran mucho tiempo. Es posible que algunas nunca desaparezcan por completo. Algunas de las enfermedades que afectan las articulaciones incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">Artritis</a></strong>: Puede causar dolor e hinchazón en las articulaciones. Hay muchos tipos de esta enfermedad. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html">osteoartritis</a> es la más común. Con el tiempo, la artritis puede causar graves daños en las articulaciones. Puede afectar a personas de todas las edades. Una lesión en la articulación cuando joven puede causar osteoartritis más adelante en la vida</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html">Lupus</a></strong>: Esta <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">enfermedad autoinmune</a> afecta a muchas partes del cuerpo y puede causar dolor articular y muscular. Algunos tipos de lupus suelen causar artritis</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sjogrenssyndrome.html">Síndrome de Sjögren</a></strong>: Esta enfermedad autoinmune afecta las glándulas que producen humedad en muchas partes del cuerpo. Los síntomas principales son sequedad en los ojos y la boca, pero a menudo también causa dolor en las articulaciones</li> </ul> <p>Los tratamientos dependen de la enfermedad. Pero la mayoría de los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos y terapias para aliviar el dolor y otros síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Qué tipos de problemas de las articulaciones se producen por lesiones repentinas?</h3> <p>Los trastornos de las articulaciones por lesiones repentinas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">Torceduras y distensiones</a></strong>: Los esguinces son ligamentos estirados o desgarrados. Las distensiones agudas son músculos o tendones estirados o desgarrados que ocurren por una lesión o movimiento repentino, como levantar un objeto pesado</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html">Dislocaciones</a></strong>: Una articulación se disloca cuando los huesos son desplazados o se sacan de su posición. Una dislocación articular es una emergencia médica</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento depende del tipo de lesión. Puede tratar muchas lesiones deportivas en casa. Pero debe llamar a su profesional de la salud si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene mucho dolor, hinchazón o entumecimiento en las articulaciones</li> <li>No puede poner peso sobre la articulación</li> <li>Tiene dolor debido a una lesión anterior con más hinchazón, una articulación inestable o una articulación que no parece normal </li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué tipos de problemas de las articulaciones ocurren por uso excesivo?</h3> <p>Las lesiones por uso excesivo suelen dañar los tejidos blandos de la articulación. Pueden suceder cuando una articulación trabaja demasiado al hacer los mismos movimientos una y otra vez. Por ejemplo, podría sufrir una lesión por uso excesivo al tocar un instrumento musical, practicar deportes o realizar ciertos trabajos, como carpintería o pintura.</p> <p>Las lesiones por uso excesivo de las articulaciones incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bursitis.html">Bursitis</a></strong>: La bursa es un pequeño saco lleno de líquido. Funciona como una almohadilla entre los huesos de una articulación y las partes móviles que la rodean, como los músculos, los tendones y la piel. En la bursitis, la bolsa se irrita y se hincha con el exceso de líquido. El uso excesivo es la causa más común, pero las lesiones, infecciones y otras afecciones, como la artritis, pueden causarla</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html">Tendinitis</a></strong>: Esta afección ocurre cuando hace un uso excesivo de un tendón. Se hincha y causa dolor al moverla</li> <li><strong>Distensión crónica</strong>: Una distensión se vuelve crónica cuando sus músculos o tendones se estiran o desgarran lentamente con el tiempo al repetir los mismos movimientos</li> </ul> <p>Los tratamientos para la bursitis, la tendinitis y la distensión crónica suelen ser los mismos. Por lo general, incluyen reposo, mantener la articulación elevada por encima del corazón y tomar medicamentos para reducir la hinchazón. Su profesional de la salud puede recomendarle ejercicio suave y otros tratamientos. En algunos casos, su proveedor puede sugerir una inyección de medicamento en la articulación (infiltración). Si estos no ayudan, es posible que necesite cirugía. </p><h3>¿Cómo puedo mantener saludables mis articulaciones?</h3> <p>Hacer suficiente <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física</a> es una de las cosas más importantes que puede hacer para prevenir o retrasar los problemas de las articulaciones. Esto fortalece los músculos alrededor de las articulaciones y les ayuda a trabajar mejor.</p> <p>Cuando practique deportes, use el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html">equipo adecuado</a> para proteger sus articulaciones, como rodilleras. Si ya tiene problemas en las articulaciones, pregúntele a su profesional de la salud qué tipo de actividades son las mejores para usted.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Joint Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Problemas de la visión relacionados con la diabetes Problemas oftalmológicos en personas con diabetes Retinopatía diabética Vista y diabetes <h3>¿Qué es la diabetes?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a> es una afección en la que los niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">glucosa</a> o azúcar en sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que consume. Las células de su cuerpo necesitan glucosa para obtener energía. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa entre a las células.</p> <p>En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo 1</a>, su cuerpo no produce insulina. En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>, su cuerpo no produce ni usa bien la insulina. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa se acumula en la sangre y provoca niveles altos de glucosa en la sangre.</p> <h3>¿Qué problemas a los ojos puede causar la diabetes?</h3> <p>Con el tiempo, los niveles altos de glucosa en la sangre pueden dañar los vasos sanguíneos y los cristalinos (lentes) de los ojos. Esto puede causar problemas oculares graves en los diabéticos que pueden <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">dañar su visión y, en ocasiones, causar ceguera</a>. </p> <p>Algunos problemas oculares comunes de la diabetes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Retinopatía diabética</strong>: Principal causa de ceguera en adultos estadounidenses. Afecta los vasos sanguíneos de la retina (la capa de tejido sensible a la luz en la parte posterior del ojo). Los vasos sanguíneos pueden hincharse y filtrar líquido al ojo. Si no se trata, puede causar problemas graves como pérdida de la visión y desprendimiento de retina, en la cual la retina se separa de su posición normal en la parte posterior del ojo</li> <li><strong>Edema macular diabético</strong>: Ocurre cuando los vasos sanguíneos de la retina filtran líquido hacia la mácula (parte de la retina necesaria para una visión central aguda). En general, se desarrolla en personas que ya tienen otros signos de retinopatía diabética</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html">Glaucoma</a></strong>: Grupo de enfermedades oculares que pueden dañar el nervio óptico (el conjunto de nervios que conecta el ojo con el cerebro). El glaucoma por diabetes ocurre cuando los vasos sanguíneos de la parte frontal del ojo están dañados y crecen nuevos vasos sanguíneos cerca del iris (la parte de color del ojo). Los vasos sanguíneos bloquean el espacio por donde sale líquido del ojo, acumulándose y aumentando la presión dentro del ojo</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html">Cataratas</a></strong>: La principal causa de ceguera en el mundo. Ocurre cuando el cristalino transparente en la parte frontal del ojo se vuelve opaco. Las cataratas son comunes a medida que las personas envejecen. Pero las personas con diabetes tienen más probabilidades de tener cataratas más jóvenes y más rápido que quienes no tienen diabetes. Los investigadores creen que los niveles altos de glucosa hacen que se acumulen depósitos en el cristalino de los ojos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quiénes tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar problemas de los ojos relacionados con la diabetes?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona con diabetes puede tener una enfermedad diabética de los ojos. Pero su riesgo de desarrollarlo es mayor si tiene diabetes y:</p> <ul> <li>Ha tenido diabetes durante mucho tiempo</li> <li>No tiene un buen control de su nivel alto de glucosa en la sangre o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a></li> <li>Está <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazada</a></li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">colesterol alto</a> en sangre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fuma tabaco</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los problemas de los ojos relacionados con la diabetes?</h3> <p>En las primeras etapas, los problemas de los ojos relacionados con la diabetes generalmente no presentan síntomas. Es por eso que los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html">exámenes</a> regulares de los ojos con dilatación de pupilas son tan importantes, incluso si cree que sus ojos están sanos.</p> <p>También debe estar atento a los cambios repentinos en su visión, ya que podrían ser una emergencia. Llame a su profesional de la salud de los ojos de inmediato si nota alguno de estos síntomas:</p> <ul> <li>Muchos puntos nuevos o hilos ondulados oscuros que flotan en su visión (llamados flotadores)</li> <li>Destellos de luz</li> <li>Una sombra oscura sobre parte de su visión, como una cortina</li> <li> Pérdida de la visión</li> <li>Dolor o enrojecimiento de los ojos</li> </ul> <p>Hable con su profesional de la salud de los ojos si tiene estos síntomas, incluso si aparecen y desaparecen:</p> <ul> <li>Manchas o hilos ondulados oscuros que flotan en su visión</li> <li>Visión borrosa u ondulada</li> <li>Visión que cambia mucho</li> <li>Problemas para ver los colores</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los problemas de los ojos relacionados con la diabetes?</h3> <p>Los oftalmólogos (oculistas) realizan exámenes de ojos con dilatación de pupilas para diagnosticar problemas oculares. Este examen usa gotas para los ojos para abrir las pupilas de manera que su profesional de la salud de los ojos pueda buscar signos de problemas oculares y tratarlos antes de que dañen su visión. El proveedor también examinará su visión y medirá la presión en sus ojos.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los problemas de los ojos relacionados con la diabetes?</h3> <p>El tratamiento para los problemas de los ojos relacionados con la diabetes depende del problema y de su gravedad. Algunos de los tratamientos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Láseres para evitar que los vasos sanguíneos filtren</li> <li>Inyecciones en el ojo para detener el crecimiento de vasos sanguíneos nuevos y con filtración</li> <li> Cirugía para extraer sangre y tejido cicatricial o reemplazar un cristalino turbio</li> <li>Gotas para los ojos para reducir la presión del líquido en el ojo</li> </ul> <p>Sin embargo, estos tratamientos no son una cura. Los problemas oculares pueden reaparecer. Por eso, su mejor defensa contra la pérdida grave de la visión es controlar su diabetes y hacerse exámenes oculares con regularidad. También es importante mantener la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">presión arterial</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html">colesterol</a> en un rango saludable.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Ojos y visión Sistema endocrino Diabetes mellitus Diabetic Eye Problems Instituto Nacional del Ojo Complicaciones de la diabetes Diabetes Problemas y pérdida de la visión Diabetes y ojos, Problemas Ojos y diabetes, Problemas Visión y diabetes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Imágenes Instituto Nacional del Ojo PDF NIH Infografía Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Ojo PDF NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Nefropatía diabética Problemas renales en personas con diabetes <p>Si tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">nivel de azúcar</a> en su sangre es muy elevado. Con el tiempo, eso puede causar daños en los riñones. Los riñones son filtros que limpian la sangre. Si están dañados, los desechos y los líquidos se acumulan en la sangre en lugar de salir del organismo.</p> <p>El daño renal ocasionado por la diabetes se denomina nefropatía diabética. Comienza a ocurrir mucho antes de que aparezcan los síntomas. Las personas con diabetes deben someterse a pruebas periódicas para detectarla. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">pruebas</a> incluyen un examen de orina y un análisis de sangre para ver qué tan bien los riñones están funcionando.</p> <p>Si el daño continúa, los riñones pueden fallar. De hecho, la diabetes es la causa más común de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">insuficiencia renal</a> en los Estados Unidos. Las personas con insuficiencia renal requieren <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">diálisis</a> o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html">trasplante renal</a>.</p> <p>Es posible retrasar el progreso del daño renal o impedir que empeore. Controlar la glucemia y la presión arterial, tomar los medicamentos y no comer demasiadas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryproteins.html">proteínas</a> puede ayudar.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Riñones y sistema urinario Sistema endocrino Diabetes mellitus Diabetic Kidney Problems Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Complicaciones de la diabetes Diabetes Insuficiencia renal Trasplante de riñón Diabetes y riñones, Problemas de Riñones y diabetes, Problemas de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>Todos los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazos</a> implican algunos riesgos, pero hay ciertas afecciones y problemas de salud que pueden aumentar ese riesgo, como:</p> <ul> <li>Un problema de salud que tenía antes de quedar embarazada </li> <li>Un problema de salud durante el embarazo </li> <li>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html">embarazo múltiple</a> </li> <li>Un problema de salud durante un embarazo anterior que puede ocurrir de nuevo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">Consumo de drogas durante el embarazo</a> </li> <li>Tener más de 35 años</li> </ul> <p>Cualquiera de ellos puede afectar su salud, la de su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">bebé</a>, o ambos.</p> <p>Si tiene una enfermedad crónica, debe hablar con el médico para enterarse de qué manera puede minimizar el riesgo antes de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/preconceptioncare.html">embarazarse</a>. Una vez que se produce el embarazo, es posible que se necesite un equipo de profesionales de la salud que la supervise. Algunos problemas de salud comunes que pueden complicar el embarazo son:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">Hipertensión arterial</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">Síndrome de ovario poliquístico</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">Problemas renales </a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">Enfermedades autoinmunes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">Enfermedades de la tiroides</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html">VIH</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tumorsandpregnancy.html">Cáncer</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">Infecciones</a></li></ul> <p>Otras afecciones que pueden aumentar el riesgo del embarazo pueden ocurrir durante el desarrollo del mismo, por ejemplo, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html">diabetes gestacional</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rhincompatibility.html">incompatibilidad Rh</a>. Un buen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html">cuidado prenatal</a> puede ayudar a detectarlas y tratarlas.</p> <p>Algunas síntomas, como náuseas, dolor de espalda y fatiga, son comunes durante el embarazo. A veces es difícil saber qué es normal. Llame a su profesional de salud si algo le molesta o le preocupa.</p> Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Health Problems in Pregnancy Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Bebé prematuro Cuidado prenatal Diabetes y el embarazo Embarazo Embarazo y consumo de sustancias Gemelos, trillizos, nacimiento múltiple Incompatibilidad Rh Infecciones durante el embarazo Medicinas durante el embarazo Presión arterial alta en el embarazo Problemas durante el parto Salud y desarrollo fetal Tumores durante el embarazo VIH y el embarazo Embarazo de alto riesgo Embarazo, Problemas de salud durante el Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Enfermedades capilares Enfermedades del cabello <p>Una persona en promedio tiene cinco millones de pelos. El cabello crece en toda la superficie del cuerpo menos en los labios, las palmas de las manos y las plantas de los pies. Un cabello necesita cerca de un mes para crecer media pulgada. La mayoría crece por hasta seis años y después se cae. En su lugar nace cabello nuevo.</p> <p>El cabello nos ayuda a mantener la temperatura corporal. También protege nuestros ojos, orejas y nariz de pequeñas partículas que hay en el aire. Los problemas más comunes con el pelo y el cuero cabelludo incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html">pérdida del cabello</a>, infecciones y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html">descamación</a>.</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Hair Problems Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Pérdida de cabello Cabello grasoso Cabello, Problemas Foliculitis Problemas del cabello Vello Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Corazón y diabetes Enfermedades cardíacas y diabetes <h3>¿Qué es la diabetes?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> es una enfermedad en la que sus niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">glucosa</a> (azúcar) en sangre son demasiado altos. La glucosa proviene de los alimentos que consume. Las células de su cuerpo necesitan glucosa para obtener energía. Una hormona llamada insulina ayuda a que la glucosa ingrese a las células.</p> <p>En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo 1</a>, su cuerpo no produce insulina. En la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>, su cuerpo no produce ni utiliza bien la insulina. Sin suficiente insulina, la glucosa se acumula en la sangre, causando que aumenten sus niveles de azúcar.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la cardiopatía diabética?</h3> <p>Cardiopatía diabética significa <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a> en personas que tienen diabetes. Si tiene diabetes, es mucho más probable que desarrolle una enfermedad cardíaca o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">derrame cerebral</a> que las personas que no tienen diabetes. Y es posible que comience a tener estos problemas a una edad más temprana.</p> <p>Con el tiempo, los efectos del nivel alto de azúcar en la sangre por la diabetes pueden incluir daños en los vasos sanguíneos y los nervios del corazón. Este daño aumenta su probabilidad de desarrollar enfermedades cardíacas, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a></strong>: Ocurre lentamente a medida que un material pegajoso llamado placa se acumula en las arterias que suministran sangre al músculo cardíaco</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Insuficiencia cardíaca</a></strong>: En esta afección, su corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre rica en oxígeno para satisfacer las necesidades de su cuerpo</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiomyopathy.html">Cardiomiopatía</a></strong>: Este es un grupo de enfermedades en las que el músculo cardíaco puede volverse grueso o rígido</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar enfermedades del corazón por la diabetes?</h3> <p>La diabetes lo pone en grave riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca. También lo hace más propenso a desarrollar otras afecciones que aumentan aún más su riesgo, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial alta</a></li> <li>Niveles elevados de <a href="ldlthebadcholesterol.html" tid="6784">colesterol "malo" (LDL)</a> en la sangre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html">Triglicéridos</a> altos (un tipo de grasa en la sangre) con niveles bajos de <a href="hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" tid="6786">colesterol "bueno" (HDL)</a> en la sangre</li> </ul> <p>Su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca también es mayor si usted:</p> <ul> <li>Es hombre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fuma</a></li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Tiene demasiada grasa abdominal alrededor de la cintura, aunque tenga un peso saludable:</li> <ul> <li>Para los hombres, eso es una cintura de más de 40 pulgadas</li> <li>Para las mujeres, eso es una cintura de más de 35 pulgadas</li> </ul> <li>Tiene antecedentes familiares de enfermedades del corazón</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">enfermedad renal crónica</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la enfermedad del corazón relacionada con la diabetes?</h3> <p>En las primeras etapas, la enfermedad cardíaca generalmente no presenta ningún síntoma. Pero si su enfermedad cardíaca empeora, puede tener síntomas. Sus síntomas dependen del tipo de enfermedad cardíaca que tenga. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas respiratorios</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html">desmayos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Arritmia</a> (problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/edema.html">Pies y tobillos hinchados</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor de pecho</a></li> </ul> <p>Es importante saber que las personas con diabetes pueden no sentir dolor en el pecho. Eso es porque la diabetes puede dañar los nervios de su corazón. Si tiene algún síntoma que podría ser una enfermedad cardíaca, hable con su profesional de la salud.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la enfermedad del corazón relacionada con la diabetes?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene una enfermedad cardíaca diabética, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntar sobre su <strong>historia clínica</strong>, incluyendo síntomas y otras afecciones de salud que pueda tener</li> <li>Preguntar sobre sus <strong>antecedentes familiares</strong>, para saber si tiene familiares que tengan o hayan tenido enfermedades del corazón</li> <li>Hacer un <strong>examen físico</strong></li> <li>Es probable que realice algunas <strong>pruebas</strong> para ayudar a comprender su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-del-riesgo-de-enfermedad-cardiaca/">riesgo personal de enfermedad cardíaca</a>, incluyendo:</li> <ul> <li>Exámenes de sangre para controlar sus niveles de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/niveles-de-colesterol/">colesterol</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-trigliceridos/">triglicéridos </a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-glucosa-en-la-sangre/">azúcar en la sangre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/medicion-de-la-presion-arterial/">Control de la presión arterial</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">Exámenes cardíacos</a>, si es necesario</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Dependiendo de su nivel de riesgo, su proveedor puede referirlo a un cardiólogo (especialista en enfermedades del corazón) para que lo atienda. Si tiene una enfermedad cardíaca, el tratamiento dependerá del tipo de afección que tenga.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo prevenir la enfermedad del corazón relacionada con la diabetes?</h3> <p>Es posible que pueda prevenir enfermedades cardíacas o evitar que empeoren trabajando con su profesional de la salud para:</p> <ul> <li>Controlar sus niveles de azúcar en la sangre</li> <li>Controlar otras afecciones que pueda tener que puedan aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca</li> <li>Tomar cualquier medicamento recetado por su proveedor</li> <li>Lograr que los hábitos saludables para el corazón formen parte de su vida diaria</li> <li>Seguir un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticdiet.html">plan de alimentación saludable para la diabetes</a></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Sistema endocrino Diabetes mellitus Diabetic Heart Disease Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cardiomiopatía Complicaciones de la diabetes Diabetes Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias Fallo cardíaco Corazón y diabetes Diabetes y enfermedades del corazón Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Retraso en el habla y lenguaje <p>Muchos problemas pueden afectar nuestra capacidad para hablar y comunicarnos. Varían desde decir las palabras de manera incorrecta hasta la incapacidad total para hablar o entender el habla. Entre las causas se incluyen:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">Problemas auditivos y sordera</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/voicedisorders.html">Problemas con la voz</a>, como la disfonía o los problemas causados por el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleftlipandpalate.html">labio leporino o paladar hendido</a></li> <li> Problemas del habla, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stuttering.html">tartamudeo</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html">Discapacidades del desarrollo</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html">Problemas de aprendizaje</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html">Trastorno del espectro autista</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">Lesión cerebral</a> </li> </ul> <p>Algunos problemas del habla y la comunicación pueden ser genéticos. Frecuentemente, se desconocen las causas. En el primer grado de enseñanza, aproximadamente 5% de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html">niños</a> tienen problemas del habla notorios. La terapia del habla y del lenguaje puede serles útil.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</p> Cerebro y nervios Salud oral y dental Síntomas Speech and Communication Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Afasia Problemas de aprendizaje Problemas de audición en niños Problemas de la audición y sordera Problemas del habla y del lenguaje en niños Tartamudez Trastornos de la voz Comunicación, Problemas de Habla y comunicación, Problemas de Problemas de la comunicación Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición Problemas de la comunicación en niños Problemas del habla en los niños Problemas para hablar en los niños <p>El desarrollo del habla y el lenguaje en los niños varía. Los profesionales de la salud tienen listas de hitos para determinar lo que es normal. Estos hitos ayudan a establecer si un niño avanza en forma normal o si pueden necesitar ayuda adicional. Por ejemplo, un niño generalmente dice una o dos palabras como "papá", "mamá", "ajo" o "agua" para cuando celebra su primer cumpleaños.</p> <p>A veces, un retraso puede ser causado por la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html">pérdida de audición</a>. Otras veces puede ser debido a un trastorno del habla o del lenguaje. Los niños que tienen trastornos del habla pueden tener problemas para producir los sonidos del habla en forma correcta. Ellos pueden dudar o tartamudear al hablar. Los niños con trastornos del lenguaje pueden tener problemas para entender lo que otros dicen o tener dificultades para comunicar sus pensamientos.</p> <p>Si cree que su hijo presenta un atraso para hablar o cree que tiene problemas con el lenguaje, consulte con el pediatra de su niño.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</p> Niños y adolescentes Cerebro y nervios Speech and Language Problems in Children Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Desarrollo del niño Problemas de audición en niños Problemas del habla y de la comunicación Tartamudez Habla, Problemas en los niños Lenguaje, Problemas en los niños Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Norteamericana de Apraxia del Habla Infantil Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres Prolapso de la pelvis <p>El piso pélvico es un grupo de músculos y otros tejidos que forman una especie de cabestrillo o hamaca a través de la pelvis. En la mujer, mantiene el útero, la vejiga, los intestinos y otros órganos pélvicos en su lugar para que puedan funcionar adecuadamente. Pero el piso pélvico puede debilitarse o lastimarse. Las causas principales son el embarazo y el parto. Otras causas pueden ser la obesidad, tratamientos con radiación, cirugía y envejecimiento. </p> <p>Los síntomas más comunes son:</p><ul> <li>Sensación de pesadez, hinchazón, tirón o dolor en la vagina que se agrava al final del día o cuando mueven el intestino</li> <li>Sensación o ver que un "bulto" o "algo que sale" de la vagina </li> <li>Dificultad para comenzar a orinar o vaciar la vejiga por completo</li> <li>Infecciones del tracto urinario frecuentes</li> <li>Pérdidas de orina al reírse, toser o hacer ejercicio</li> <li>Necesidad urgente o frecuente de orinar</li> <li>Dolor al orinar</li> <li>Pérdidas de materia fecal o dificultad para controlar los gases </li> <li>Estreñimiento</li> <li>Dificultad para llegar al baño a tiempo </li> </ul> <p>Su proveedor de cuidados de salud diagnostica este problema con un examen físico, pélvico o pruebas especiales. Los tratamientos incluyen ejercicios pélvicos específicos llamados Kegel; un pesario, que es un dispositivo mecánico de apoyo y le es de ayuda a ciertas mujeres; cirugía y otros tratamientos. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano </p> Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Pelvic Floor Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades del útero Incontinencia urinaria Músculos de la pelvis, Problemas de Pelvis, Problemas de sostén Sostén de la pelvis, Problemas de Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Problemas al dormir <h3>¿Qué es el sueño?</h3> <p>El sueño es un complejo proceso biológico. Cuando usted duerme está inconsciente, pero las funciones de su cerebro y cuerpo siguen activas. Realizan una serie de funciones importantes para que usted se mantenga saludable y se sienta bien. Por ello, cuando usted no obtiene suficiente sueño de calidad, sentirse cansado no es la única consecuencia. Puede afectar su salud mental y física, su pensamiento y su vida diaria.</p> <h3>¿Qué son los trastornos del sueño?</h3> <p>Los problemas del sueño son afecciones que alteran sus patrones normales de sueño. Existen más de 80 diferentes trastornos del sueño. Algunos de los más importantes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html">Insomnio</a>: No poder quedarse dormido y mantenerse despierto. Este es el más común trastorno del sueño</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">Apnea del sueño</a>: Trastorno de la respiración en la cual la respiración se detiene por 10 segundos o más mientras duerme</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/restlesslegs.html">Síndrome de las piernas inquietas</a>: Una sensación de hormigueo o punzadas en las piernas junto a una fuerte necesidad de moverlas</li> <li>Hipersomnia: No poder mantenerse despierto durante el día. Incluye la narcolepsia, que causa una extrema somnolencia diurna</li> <li>Trastornos del ritmo circadiano: Problemas con el ciclo vigilia-sueño que dificultan quedarse dormido y despertarse cuando corresponde</li> <li>Parasomnia: Conducta inusual como hablar, caminar o comer al quedarse dormido, durante el sueño o al despertarse </li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas que se sienten cansadas durante el día tienen un verdadero trastorno del sueño, pero para otras, el problema es no dedicar suficiente tiempo para dormir. Es importante dormir lo suficiente cada noche. La cantidad de sueño que usted necesite depende de varios factores, incluyendo su edad, estilo de vida, estado de salud y si ha dormido lo suficiente últimamente. La mayoría de los adultos necesitas entre 7 y 8 horas cada noche.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la causa de los problemas del sueño?</h3> <p>Existen diferentes causas de los trastornos del sueño, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Otras afecciones, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a>n, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">enfermedades de los pulmones</a>, de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html">nervios</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pain.html">dolor</a></li> <li>Enfermedades mentales, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a></li> <li>Medicinas</li> <li>Genes</li> </ul> <p>A veces, no se conoce la causa.</p> <p>También hay algunos factores que pueden contribuir a problemas del sueño, como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">Cafeína</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a></li> <li>Un horario irregular, como trabajar el turno de noche</li> <li>El envejecimiento. A medida que los años pasan, las personas duermen menos o pasan menos tiempo en el estado de sueño profundo. Además, se despierta más fácilmente</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos del sueño?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de los problemas del sueño dependen del problema específico. Algunos signos de que usted puede tener alguno de estos problemas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Tarda regularmente más de 30 minutos cada noche para quedarse dormido</li> <li>Se despierta varias veces cada noche y luego tiene problemas para volver a dormir o se despierta demasiado temprano en la mañana</li> <li>A menudo se siente somnoliento durante el día, toma siestas frecuentes o se duerme en los momentos equivocados durante el día</li> <li>Su compañero de cama dice que cuando duerme ronca fuerte, resopla, jadea, hace ruidos de ahogo o deja de respirar por períodos cortos</li> <li>Tiene sensación de pinchadas, hormigueo o de que algo se arrastra o trepa por sus piernas o brazos que se alivia al moverlos o masajearlos, especialmente por la noche y cuando trata de quedarse dormido</li> <li>Su compañero de cama nota que sus piernas o brazos se sacuden con frecuencia durante el sueño</li> <li>Tiene experiencias vívidas y oníricas mientras se duerme o está dormido/li&gt; </li><li>Tiene episodios de debilidad muscular repentina cuando está enojado o tiene miedo, o cuando se ríe</li> <li>Siente que no puede moverse cuando se levanta por primera vez</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los problemas del sueño?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud utilizará su historia clínica, su historial de sueño y un examen físico. También puede realizar un estudio del sueño (polisomnograma). Los tipos más comunes de estudios del sueño monitorean y registran datos de su cuerpo durante una noche completa de sueño. Los datos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cambios en las ondas cerebrales</li> <li>Movimientos de los ojos</li> <li>Frecuencia respiratoria</li> <li>Presión sanguínea </li><li>Frecuencia cardíaca y actividad eléctrica del corazón y otros músculos</li> </ul> <p>Otros tipos de estudios del sueño pueden determinar la rapidez con la que se duerme en las siestas del día o si puede permanecer despierto y alerta durante el día.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los problemas del sueño?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para los trastornos del sueño dependen del problema que tenga. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Buenos hábitos para dormir</a> y otros cambios en el estilo de vida, como una dieta saludable y hacer ejercicio</li> <li>Terapia cognitiva conductual o técnicas de relajación para reducir la ansiedad por dormir lo suficiente</li> <li>Máquina de presión positiva continua en la vía aérea para la apnea del sueño</li> <li>Terapia de luz brillante (por la mañana)</li> <li>Medicamentos, incluyendo pastillas para dormir. Por lo general, los profesionales recomiendan que use pastillas para dormir por un período corto de tiempo</li> <li>Productos naturales como la melatonina. Estos pueden ayudar a algunas personas, pero generalmente se usan por poco tiempo. Asegúrese de consultar con su médico antes de tomar cualquiera de ellos </li> </ul> Cerebro y nervios Sleep Disorders Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Apnea del sueño Dormir bien Insomnio Roncar Síndrome de las piernas inquietas Narcolepsia Sonambulismo Sueño, Problemas del Adolescentes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Fácil de leer Mujeres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Dental de California PDF Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Complicaciones de parto <p>El parto es el proceso de dar a luz a un bebé. Incluye el trabajo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirth.html">parto</a> y el nacimiento. En general, esto se da sin inconvenientes, pero pueden ocurrir problemas. Puede causar riesgo para la madre, el bebé o ambos. Algunos de los problemas de parto más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html">Trabajo de parto prematuro</a></strong> (antes de término): Ocurre cuando su trabajo de parto comienza antes de las 37 semanas completas de embarazo</li> <li><strong>Ruptura prematura de membranas (RPM)</strong>: Ocurre cuando la fuente se rompe antes de que la madre entre en trabajo de parto. Si el parto no comienza poco después, puede aumentar el riesgo de infección</li> <li><strong>Problemas con la placenta</strong>: Incluyen el desprendimiento antes del nacimiento de la placenta del útero, o su adherencia con demasiada firmeza al útero</li> <li><strong>Trabajo de parto que no progresa</strong>: Cuando el trabajo de parto se estanca. Esto puede suceder cuando:</li> <ul> <li> Sus contracciones se debilitan</li> <li>Su cuello uterino no se dilata (abre) lo suficiente o tarda demasiado en dilatarse</li> <li>El bebé no está en la posición correcta</li> <li>El bebé es demasiado grande o su pelvis demasiado pequeña para que el bebé pueda avanzar por el canal de parto</li> </ul> <li> <strong>Frecuencia cardíaca anormal del bebé</strong>: Normalmente, una frecuencia cardíaca anormal no es un problema. Pero si la frecuencia cardíaca es muy rápida o muy lenta, puede ser una señal de que su bebé no está recibiendo suficiente oxígeno o que hay otros problemas</li> <li><strong>Problemas con el cordón umbilical</strong>: Por ejemplo, que el cordón se enganche en el brazo, la pierna o el cuello del bebé. También es un problema si el cordón sale antes que el bebé</li> <li><strong>Problemas con la posición del bebé</strong>: Como parto de nalgas, cuando el el bebé sale primero con los pies</li> <li><strong>Distocia del hombro</strong>: Cuando sale la cabeza del bebé pero su hombro se atasca</li> <li><strong>Asfixia perinatal</strong>: Ocurre cuando el bebé no recibe suficiente oxígeno en el útero durante el trabajo de parto o el parto, o justo después del nacimiento</li> <li><strong>Desgarros perineales</strong>: Desgarro de la vagina y los tejidos circundantes</li> <li><strong>Sangrado excesivo</strong>: Puede ocurrir cuando el parto causa desgarros en el útero o si no se desprende la placenta después de dar a luz al bebé</li> <li><strong>Embarazo post-término</strong>: Cuando su embarazo dura más de 42 semanas</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene problemas durante el parto, es posible que su profesional de la salud necesite darle medicamentos para inducir o acelerar el parto, usar herramientas para ayudar a guiar al bebé fuera del canal de parto o dar a luz por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html">cesárea</a>.</p> Niños y adolescentes Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Childbirth Problems Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Bebé prematuro Cesárea Parto Trabajo de parto prematuro Parto prematuro Parto, Problemas Prematuro, Parto Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Neuropatía diabética <p>Si tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">nivel de azúcar</a> en su sangre es muy elevado. Con el tiempo, esto puede dañar la capa que cubre los nervios o los vasos sanguíneos que transportan el oxígeno a los nervios. Los nervios dañados pueden dejar de enviar mensajes o enviar las señales nerviosas más lentamente o en momentos equivocados. </p> <p>Este daño se denomina neuropatía diabética. Más de la mitad de las personas con diabetes la tienen. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li>Entumecimiento en las manos, las piernas o los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabeticfoot.html">pies</a></li> <li>Dolores punzantes, ardor u hormigueo</li> <li>Náusea, vómitos, estreñimiento o diarrea</li> <li>Disfunción sexual</li> <li>Problemas urinarios</li> <li>Mareos al cambiar de posición rápidamente</li> </ul> <p>Su doctor diagnosticará la neuropatía diabética con un examen físico y estudios de conducción nerviosa (que verifican la transmisión de señales eléctricas a través de un nervio). </p> <p>El control de la azúcar en la sangre puede ayudar a prevenir los problemas en los nervios o evitar que los que ya existen empeoren. El tratamiento puede incluir analgésicos y otras medicinas. </p> <p class=""> NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Cerebro y nervios Sistema endocrino Diabetes mellitus Diabetic Nerve Problems Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Complicaciones de la diabetes Diabetes Enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico Pie diabético Diabetes y neurología Neurología y diabetes, Problemas Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Hombres Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <h3>¿Qué son los problemas para caminar?</h3> <p>Si usted es como la mayoría de las personas, camina miles de pasos cada día. Usted camina para hacer sus actividades diarias, movilizarse y hacer ejercicio. Es algo que usted hace y que en general no piensa mucho. Pero para aquellos con problemas para caminar, la vida diaria puede ser un problema. </p> <p>Los problemas para caminar pueden hacer que usted:</p> <ul> <li>Camine con la cabeza y el cuello doblados</li> <li>Arrastre los pies</li> <li>Tenga movimientos irregulares y bruscos al caminar</li> <li>Camine con pasos más pequeños</li> <li>Oscile </li> <li>Camine más despacio o rígido</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son las causas de los problemas para caminar?</h3> <p>El patrón de cómo usted camina se llama marcha. Una variedad de problemas puede causar una alteración de la marcha y dar lugar a problemas para caminar. Estos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Desarrollo anormal de los músculos o huesos de sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leginjuriesanddisorders.html">piernas</a> o los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/footinjuriesanddisorders.html">pies</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">Artritis</a> de cadera, rodillas, tobillos o pies</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebellardisorders.html">Enfermedades del cerebelo</a>, área del cerebro que controla la coordinación y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html">equilibrio</a></li> <li>Problemas de los pies, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cornsandcalluses.html">callos y callosidades</a>, llagas y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/warts.html">verrugas</a> </li> <li>Infecciones</li> <li>Lesiones como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturas</a> (huesos rotos), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">torceduras y distensiones</a>; y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html">tendinitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/movementdisorders.html">Trastornos del movimiento</a> como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html">enfermedad de Parkinson</a></li> <li>Enfermedades neurológicas, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html">esclerosis múltiple</a> y trastornos de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html">nervios periféricos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Problemas de la visión</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa de los problemas para caminar?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud le preguntará sobre su historia clínica y le realizará un examen físico, incluyendo una revisión de sus huesos y músculos y un examen neurológico. En algunos casos, es posible que necesite otras pruebas, como pruebas de laboratorio o de imagen.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los problemas para caminar?</h3> <p>El tratamiento de los problemas para caminar depende de la causa. Si es una afección médica, a menudo el tratamiento de esa afección mejora su forma de caminar. Algunos tipos comunes de tratamientos para los problemas para caminar pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Medicamentos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html">Ayudas para la movilidad</a> como andadores o bastones</li> <li>Terapia física</li> <li>Zapatos, plantillas, férulas o aparatos ortopédicos especiales</li> <li>Cirugía</li> </ul> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Cerebro y nervios Walking Problems Caídas Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera Lesiones y enfermedades de la pierna Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla Lesiones y enfermedades del pie Lesiones y enfermedades del tobillo Mareo y vértigo Trastornos del movimiento Caminar, Problemas para Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación para el Parkinson Disfagia Trastorno de la deglución <p>Si tiene un problema de la deglución, puede tener dificultades y dolor al tragar. Algunas personas no pueden tragar en lo absoluto o tener problemas para tragar líquidos, alimentos o saliva. Esto hace que el comer sea más difícil. Con frecuencia, puede ser difícil ingerir suficientes calorías y líquidos para alimentar al cuerpo.</p> <p>Cualquiera puede tener un problema para tragar, pero es más común en personas mayores. En general, estos trastornos suelen ocurrir debido a otros trastornos, entre ellos:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">Trastornos del sistema nervioso</a>: Como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html">enfermedad de Parkinson</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebralpalsy.html">parálisis cerebral</a> </li> <li> Problemas en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html">esófago</a>: Incluyendo la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">ERGE</a>) </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Accidente cerebrovascular</a> </li> <li> Traumatismos en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html">cabeza</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html">médula espinal</a> </li> <li> Cáncer de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headandneckcancer.html">cabeza, cuello</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagealcancer.html">esófago</a></li> </ul> <p>Las medicinas pueden ayudar a algunas personas, mientras que otras pueden necesitar cirugía. Tal vez resulte útil modificar la dieta o sostener la cabeza o el cuello en determinada posición al comer. En los casos muy serios, las personas necesitan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionalsupport.html">sondas para alimentarse</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación </p> Sistema digestivo Swallowing Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Enfermedades del esófago Reflujo gastroesofágico Deglución, Trastorno de Disfagia Tragar, Problemas Trastorno de la deglución Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Problemas con las plaquetas <p>Las plaquetas, también conocidas como trombocitos, son células sanguíneas. Se forman en la médula ósea, un tejido similar a una esponja en sus huesos. Las plaquetas juegan un papel importante en la coagulación de la sangre. Normalmente, cuando uno de sus vasos sanguíneos se rompe, comienza a sangrar. Las plaquetas se coagularán (se agruparán) para tapar la lesión en el vaso sanguíneo y detener el sangrado. Puede tener diferentes problemas con sus plaquetas:</p> <ul> <li>Si su sangre tiene un <strong>bajo número de plaquetas</strong>, se llama trombocitopenia. Esto puede ponerlo en riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html">hemorragia</a> leve a grave. El sangrado puede ser externo o interno. Puede tener varias causas. Si el problema es leve, es posible que no necesite tratamiento. Para casos más graves, es posible que necesite medicamentos o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">transfusiones de sangre</a> o plaquetas</li> <li>Si su sangre tiene <strong>demasiadas plaquetas</strong>, puede tener un mayor riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulos de sangre</a></li> <ul> <li>Cuando no se conoce la causa, esto se llama trombocitemia. Es poco común. Es posible que no necesite tratamiento si no hay signos o síntomas. En otros casos, puede necesitar tratamiento con medicamentos o procedimientos médicos </li> <li>Si otra enfermedad o afección está causando el alto número de plaquetas, se llama trombocitosis. El tratamiento y su pronóstico dependen de la causa de la trombocitosis</li> </ul> <li>Otro posible problema es que las plaquetas <strong>no trabajan como deberían</strong>. Por ejemplo, en la enfermedad de von Willebrand, sus plaquetas no pueden pegarse o no pueden adherirse a las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos. Esto puede causar sangrado excesivo. Hay diferentes tipos de la enfermedad de von Willebrand. El tratamiento depende del tipo que tenga</li> </ul> <p></p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Platelet Disorders Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Anticoagulantes y antiplaquetarios Análisis de sangre Problemas de coagulación Problemas de la sangre Plaquetas, Problemas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Federación Mundial de Hemofilia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Enfermedades no comunes de los bebés Problemas de salud poco comunes de los bebés <p>Asusta ver a su hijo enfermo, sobre todo si no es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html">problema común</a> como un resfrío o fiebre. Usted quizás no sepa si el problema es serio o cómo tratarlo. Si le preocupa la salud de su bebé, llame a su proveedor de cuidados médicos inmediatamente. </p> <p>Aprender sobre la enfermedad de su bebé puede ayudarlo con su preocupación. No tenga miedo en preguntar sobre el cuidado de su bebé. Al trabajar en conjunto con su médico, usted asegura que su bebé está recibiendo el mejor cuidado posible.</p> Niños y adolescentes Uncommon Infant and Newborn Problems Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Chequeo médico del bebé Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido Nutrición del bebé y del recién nacido Problemas comunes de los recién nacidos Síndrome de muerte infantil súbita Bebés, Problemas de salud poco comunes Recién nacido, Problemas poco comunes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Disnea Problemas para respirar <p>Cuando usted tiene problemas para respirar, le cuesta o es incómodo obtener el oxígeno que necesita. Puede sentir que no está obteniendo el suficiente aire. A veces puede tener problemas respiratorios leves por una congestión nasal o hacer ejercicio muy intensamente. Pero la falta de aire también puede ser señal de una enfermedad seria. </p> <p>Muchas condiciones pueden hacer sentir que le falta el aire:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas de los pulmones como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">asma</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html">enfisema</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a></li> <li>Problemas de su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trachealdisorders.html">tráquea</a> o en los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bronchialdisorders.html">bronquios</a>, que son parte de su sistema respiratorio</li> <li>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades cardíacas</a> pueden provocar falta de aire si su corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre para suministrarle oxígeno al cuerpo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">Ansiedad</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html">ataque de pánico</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">Alergias</a></li> </ul> <p>Si usted tiene problemas para respirar en forma frecuente, es importante encontrar la causa.</p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Síntomas Breathing Problems Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Apnea del sueño Asma Enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica Enfermedades de los pulmones Fallo cardíaco Dificultad respiratoria Disnea Respiración, Problemas de Taquipnea Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Frigidez <p>Existen muchos problemas que pueden impedir que una mujer disfrute de las relaciones sexuales. Estos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Falta de deseo sexual </li> <li> Incapacidad de lograr excitación </li> <li>Falta de orgasmo o clímax sexual </li> <li> Relaciones sexuales dolorosas </li> </ul> <p>Estos problemas pueden tener causas físicas o psicológicas. Las causas físicas pueden incluir enfermedades como diabetes, insuficiencia cardiaca, trastornos nerviosos o problemas hormonales. Algunas drogas también pueden afectar el deseo y la función. Las causas psicológicas pueden incluir estrés relacionado con el trabajo y ansiedad. También depresión o preocupaciones sobre problemas maritales o de relaciones. Para algunas mujeres, el problema es resultado de traumas sexuales en el pasado. </p> <p>Los problemas ocasionales con la función sexual son comunes. Si sus problemas duran más de algunos meses o generan angustia en usted o en su pareja, debe acudir a un profesional de la salud.</p> Mujeres Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor femenino Sexual Problems in Women Enfermedades de la vagina Enfermedades de la vulva Disfunción sexual de la mujer Mujeres, Problemas sexuales Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Muchos hombres tienen problemas sexuales. Estos problemas se van haciendo más comunes a medida que envejecen. Estos pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html">Disfunción eréctil</a></li> <li>Reducción o pérdida de interés sexual</li> <li>Problemas con la eyaculación</li> <li>Testosterona baja</li> </ul> <p>El estrés, alguna enfermedad, medicamentos o los problemas emocionales también pueden ser factores. Tener problemas de vez en cuando de disfunción sexual es común pero si los problemas duran más de unos meses o generan angustia en usted o en su pareja, debe acudir a un profesional de la salud. </p> Hombres Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor masculino Sexual Problems in Men Disfunción eréctil Enfermedades de la próstata Enfermedades de los testículos Enfermedades del pene Hombres, Problemas sexuales en los Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Personas mayores Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Merck & Co., Inc. Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video <p>El ejercicio es bueno para usted, pero algunas veces puede lastimarse cuando practica deportes o se ejercita. Los accidentes, mala forma al ejercitarse o el uso de ropa y equipo inadecuado pueden ser algunas de las causas. Algunas personas se lastiman porque no están en forma. La falta de calentamiento o estirar los músculos también puede causar lesiones.</p> <p>Las lesiones deportivas más comunes son:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">Torceduras y distensiones</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html">Lesiones de rodilla</a></li> <li>Inflamación muscular</li> <li>Traumatismos en el tendón de Aquiles</li> <li>Dolor en el hueso de la tibia</li> <li>Lesiones del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rotatorcuffinjuries.html">manguito rotatorio del hombro</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">Fracturas</a> (huesos rotos)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html">Dislocaciones</a></li> </ul> <p>Si se lastima, deje de practicar deportes o ejercitarse. Continuar jugando o seguir ejercitándose puede causarle más daño. El tratamiento suele comenzar con el método RICE, por sus siglas en inglés (reposo, hielo, compresión y elevación) para aliviar el dolor, reducir la inflamación y acelerar la curación. Otros tratamientos posibles incluyen analgésicos, inmovilizar el área lesionada, rehabilitación y, algunas veces, cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Lesiones y heridas Bienestar y estilo de vida Aptitud física y ejercicio Sports Injuries Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Conmoción cerebral Entrenamiento para deportes y ejercicio Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla Lesiones y enfermedades del codo Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro Lesiones y enfermedades del pie Lesiones y enfermedades del tobillo Torceduras y distensiones Deportes, Lesiones Deportes, Problemas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Problemas de la vista <h3>¿Qué son los problemas de la visión?</h3> <p>Los problemas de la visión (o discapacidad visual) es la pérdida de la visión. Incluye ceguera, lo que significa que ha perdido toda o la mayor parte de la vista. También incluye baja visión, lo que significa que tiene algo de visión, pero la pérdida de la visión le dificulta hacer sus tareas diarias. Puede tener problemas para leer, hacer compras, cocinar, escribir y mirar televisión. La baja visión no se puede corregir con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyewear.html">anteojos, lentes de contacto</a>, medicamentos o cirugía.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la causa de los problemas de la visión?</h3> <p>El envejecimiento no causa pérdida de la visión por sí solo. Pero muchas enfermedades comunes en las personas mayores pueden causarla. Las principales causas de baja visión y ceguera en los Estados Unidos son las enfermedades del ojo relacionadas con la edad, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maculardegeneration.html">degeneración macular</a>, las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cataract.html">cataratas</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html">glaucoma</a>. Otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html">enfermedades de los ojos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyeinjuries.html">lesiones oculares</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">defectos congénitos</a> también pueden causar pérdida de la visión.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los problemas de la visión?</h3> <p>Los problemas de la visión se diagnostican con un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html">examen ocular con dilatación de pupilas</a>. Los primeros signos de advertencia de un problema de la vista pueden incluir no poder ver lo suficientemente bien para:</p> <ul> <li>Realizar tareas cotidianas como leer y conducir</li> <li>Reconocer las caras de las personas</li> <li>Distinguir los colores</li> <li>Ver la pantalla de televisión o computadora con claridad</li> </ul> <p>Puede tener estos síntomas incluso si usa anteojos o lentes de contacto.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de baja visión?</h3> <p>Existen varios tipos de baja visión. El tipo que tenga depende de la afección que causó su baja visión.</p> <p>Los tipos comunes de baja visión incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Pérdida de la visión central (no poder ver cosas en el centro de su campo visual)</li> <li>Pérdida de la visión periférica (de lado, es decir, no poder ver cosas con el rabillo del ojo)</li> <li>Ceguera nocturna (no poder ver con poca luz)</li> <li>Visión borrosa o nublada</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la baja visión?</h3> <p>La baja visión es permanente. Los anteojos, los medicamentos y la cirugía no pueden curarla. Pero, en ocasiones, pueden mejorar su visión, ayudarle a hacer sus tareas diarias más fácilmente o conservar lo que queda de su visión.</p> <p>Sus opciones de tratamiento dependen de la afección que causó su baja visión. Consulte con su oftalmólogo (oculista) qué tratamientos podrían ayudarle. Es posible que le recomiende ayudas visuales o rehabilitación visual, que podrían hacer más fáciles sus actividades cotidianas.</p> <p>La rehabilitación visual le enseña cómo vivir con su pérdida de visión. Puede incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Mostrarle cómo usar un dispositivo de aumento o lectores de pantalla para leer</li> <li>Ayudar a organizar su hogar para que pueda moverse con más facilidad</li> <li>Empleo y capacitación laboral</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html">Dispositivos de asistencia</a>, como iluminación y soportes de lectura</li> </ul> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede sugerir otros recursos, como transporte y servicios domésticos, para ayudarle a lidiar con su pérdida de visión.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo aprovechar al máximo la visión que me queda?</h3> <p>Cuanto antes se detecte y se trate la pérdida de visión o la enfermedad de los ojos, mayores serán sus posibilidades de conservar lo que queda de su visión. Cualquiera sea la causa, la pérdida de visión no se puede recuperar. Pero es posible controlarla. La pérdida de visión significa que es posible que deba reorganizar su vida y aprender nuevas formas de hacer las cosas. Su proveedor de atención médica puede hacerle sugerencias para facilitarle la vida, incluyendo:</p> <p>Si tiene algo de visión:</p> <ul> <li>Ayudas visuales como lupas</li> <li>Anteojos telescópicos o monoculares para ver a distancia</li> <li>Libros con letras grandes</li> <li>Relojes con números más grandes</li> <li>Luces más brillantes</li> <li>Anteojos de sol antideslumbrantes o protectores contra el deslumbramiento</li> </ul> <p>Si no tiene visión (ceguera):</p> <ul> <li>Dispositivos como software de lectura de textos y libros en braille</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la pérdida de la visión?</h3> <p>Para cuidar su visión:</p> <ul> <li>Hágase exámenes oculares completos regulares realizados por un profesional del cuidado de los ojos</li> <li>Use anteojos de sol y gafas protectoras para proteger sus ojos</li> <li>Haga cambios en su estilo de vida para reducir el riesgo de tener afecciones de salud que pueden causar problemas de visión: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Haga actividad física regularmente</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">Mantenga un peso saludable</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">Deje de fumar</a> (o no empiece a fumar)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html">Siga una dieta saludable</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Ojo </p> Ojos y visión Vision Impairment and Blindness Instituto Nacional del Ojo Anteojos, lentes de contacto y protección ocular Cataratas Degeneración macular Enfermedades de la retina Enfermedades de los ojos Errores de refracción Glaucoma Lesiones del ojo Problemas de los ojos asociados con la diabetes Ceguera Visión disminuida Visión y ceguera, Problemas de la Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Americana para los Ciegos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología <p>Todos los días, durante todo el día, las personas que trabajan en la industria al cuidado de la salud suministran cuidados a millones de personas, desde recién nacidos hasta pacientes muy enfermos. De hecho, la industria de la atención de cuidado de la salud es uno de los mayores generadores de empleos en los Estados Unidos. Muchos trabajos en el área de la salud son en hospitales. Otros son en casas de reposo, consultorios médicos u odontológicos, clínicas ambulatorias y laboratorios. </p> <p>Para trabajar en el campo de la salud debe tener una capacitación especial. Algunos, como los médicos, deben ir a la universidad más de cuatro años.</p> <p class="">Departamento de Estadísticas de Trabajo </p> Sistemas de salud Health Occupations Elección de un doctor o plan médico Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología PSP Richardson-Steele-Olszewski syndrome Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome <h3>What is progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)?</h3> <p>Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braindiseases.html">brain disease</a>. It happens because of damage to nerve cells in the brain. PSP affects your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html">movement</a>, including control of your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html">walking</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html">balance</a>. It also affects your thinking and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyemovementdisorders.html">eye movement</a>.</p> <p>PSP is progressive, which means that it gets worse over time.</p> <h3>What causes progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)?</h3> <p>The cause of PSP is unknown. In rare cases, the cause is a mutation in a certain gene.</p> <p>One sign of PSP is abnormal clumps of tau in nerve cells in the brain. Tau is a protein in your nervous system, including in nerve cells. Some other diseases also cause a buildup of tau in the brain, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a>.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)?</h3> <p>PSP usually affects people over 60, but in some cases it can start earlier. It is more common in men.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)?</h3> <p>Symptoms are very different in each person, but they may include:</p><ul> <li>A loss of balance while walking. This is often the first symptom.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">Speech problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">Trouble swallowing</a></li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">blurring of vision</a> and problems controlling eye movement</li> <li>Changes in mood and behavior, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> and apathy (a loss of interest and enthusiasm)</li> <li>Mild <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html">dementia</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no specific test for PSP. It can be difficult to diagnose, because the symptoms are similar to other diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson's disease</a> and Alzheimer's disease.</p> <p>To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will take your medical history and do physical and neurological exams. You may have an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a> or other imaging tests.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)?</h3> <p>There is currently no effective treatment for PSP. Medicines may reduce some symptoms. Some non-drug treatments, such as walking aids and special glasses, may also help. People with severe swallowing problems may need gastrostomy. This is a surgery to insert a feeding tube into the stomach.</p> <p>PSP gets worse over time. Many people become severely disabled within three to five years after getting it. PSP isn't life-threatening on its own. It can still be dangerous because it increases your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a>, choking from swallowing problems, and injuries from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">falling</a>. But with good attention to medical and nutritional needs, many people with PSP can live 10 or more years after the first symptoms of the disease.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Parálisis supranuclear progresiva Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Steele-Richardson-Olszewski Syndrome Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Learn More Foundation for PSP/CBD and Related Brain Diseases Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Enfermedad de Barlow Insuficiencia de la válvula mitral Regurgitación de la válvula mitral <h3>¿Qué es la válvula mitral?</h3> <p>La válvula mitral es una de las cuatro válvulas del corazón. Las válvulas cardíacas tienen aletas que se abren y cierran. Las aletas aseguran que la sangre fluya en la dirección correcta por su corazón hacia el resto del cuerpo. Cuando su corazón late, las aletas se abren para dejar pasar la sangre. Entre los latidos del corazón se cierran para evitar que la sangre regrese.</p> <p>La válvula mitral se abre para permitir que la sangre fluya desde la cavidad superior izquierda de su corazón hacia la cavidad inferior izquierda. Cuando la cámara inferior izquierda se contrae para bombear sangre a su cuerpo, la válvula mitral se cierra herméticamente para evitar que la sangre regrese.</p> <h3>¿Qué es el prolapso de la válvula mitral?</h3> <p>El prolapso de la válvula mitral ocurre cuando las aletas de la válvula mitral se vuelven flojas y no cierran herméticamente. En algunos casos, la sangre puede filtrarse en sentido contrario por esa válvula hacia la cámara de donde provino. Esto se llama reflujo o regurgitación. Cuando hay mucho reflujo de la válvula mitral, el corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre al cuerpo.</p> <p>Sin embargo, la mayoría de las personas que tienen prolapso de la válvula mitral no tienen ningún reflujo. De hecho, esta afección no causa ningún problema de salud para la mayoría de las personas que la tienen.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar prolapso de la válvula mitral?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener prolapso de la válvula mitral. La mayoría de las personas que lo tienen nacieron con él, y tiende a darse en familias, pero los investigadores no conocen su causa exacta.</p> <p>Es más probable que desarrolle prolapso de la válvula mitral si:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Es una persona mayor:</strong> El riesgo aumenta a medida que el envejecimiento afecta a la válvula</li> <li><strong>Tuvo fiebre reumática</strong>, enfermedad que puede desarrollarse después de una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html">infección de garganta por estreptococo</a> y causar daño a las válvulas del corazón</li> <li><strong>Nació con un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/connectivetissuedisorders.html">trastorno del tejido conectivo</a></strong>, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/marfansyndrome.html">síndrome de Marfan</a> o el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ehlersdanlossyndrome.html">síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos</a></li> <li><strong>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html">enfermedad de Graves</a></strong>, un tipo de afección de la tiroides</li> <li><strong>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/scoliosis.html">escoliosis</a></strong> (una curvatura de lado a lado de la columna vertebral) u otros problemas con los huesos de su cuerpo</li> <li><strong>Tiene algunos tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html">distrofia muscular</a></strong></li> </ul> <p>El prolapso de la válvula mitral con reflujo es más común en hombres y personas que tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del prolapso de la válvula mitral?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas con prolapso de la válvula mitral no tienen ningún síntoma. Pero si los causa, pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Palpitaciones del corazón (sensación de que el corazón late con fuerza, saltándose los latidos o latiendo demasiado fuerte o demasiado rápido)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a> (sensación de que no puede obtener suficiente aire)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">mareos</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/migraine.html">Migraña</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor de pecho</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar el prolapso de la válvula mitral?</h3> <p>En casos raros, el prolapso de válvula mitral puede causar otros problemas. Con mayor frecuencia son ocasionados por el reflujo. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">Arritmia</a>: Problema con la frecuencia o el ritmo de los latidos del corazón</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocarditis.html">Endocarditis</a>: Infección en el revestimiento del corazón y las válvulas cardíacas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Fallo cardíaco</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el prolapso de la válvula mitral?</h3> <p>A menudo, los profesionales de la salud encuentran prolapso de válvula mitral durante controles de salud de rutina. Si tiene esta afección, su proveedor puede notar un chasquido al escuchar su corazón con un estetoscopio. Si la sangre regresa a través de la válvula, su corazón también puede emitir un silbido llamado soplo cardíaco.</p> <p>También es posible que necesite ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">pruebas del corazón</a>. La prueba más útil es un ecocardiograma. Este es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ultrasonido</a> que utiliza ondas de sonido para crear una imagen en movimiento de su corazón.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el prolapso de la válvula mitral?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas no necesitan ningún tratamiento para el prolapso de válvula mitral. Si tiene síntomas con poco o ningún reflujo, es posible que solo necesite medicamentos para aliviar el malestar.</p> <p>Si la cantidad de reflujo es significativa, es posible que necesite tratamiento para evitar que se desarrollen otros problemas cardíacos. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong> para ayudar a que su corazón funcione mejor</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html">Cirugía cardíaca</a></strong> para reparar o reemplazar una válvula mitral muy anormal con reflujo. El objetivo de la cirugía es mejorar sus síntomas y reducir su riesgo de desarrollar insuficiencia cardíaca</li> </ul> <p>Cuando sea posible, en general es preferible la reparación de la válvula al reemplazo. Esto se debe a que es menos probable que las reparaciones debiliten el músculo cardíaco y que causen una infección cardíaca.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el prolapso de la válvula mitral?</h3> <p>No se puede prevenir el prolapso de la válvula mitral. Pero si la tiene, puede ayudar a prevenir los problemas poco comunes pero graves que puede causar al:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html">Cepillarse los dientes y usar hilo dental regularmente</a>: Ayuda a mantener las bacterias fuera del torrente sanguíneo, lo que reduce aún más el raro riesgo de una infección cardíaca</li> <li>Preguntarle a su proveedor si necesita tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a> antes de un trabajo dental o una cirugía para reducir el riesgo de infección cardíaca: Esto se aplica principalmente a las personas que se han sometido a una cirugía de reparación o reemplazo de válvula</li> <li>Hacerse chequeos regulares y tomar cualquier medicamento que su profesional de la salud le haya recetado</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventheartdisease.html">Implementar hábitos saludables para el corazón</a> a su rutina diaria para prevenir enfermedades cardíacas</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Mitral Valve Prolapse Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Enfermedades de las válvulas del corazón Barlow Válvula mitral, Prolapso Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto del Corazón de Texas <h3>What is prostate cancer?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">Cancer</a> is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control. Prostate cancer begins in the cells of the prostate. The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. It lies just below the bladder. It makes fluid that is part of semen.</p> <p>Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. It often grows very slowly. If it does not spread to other parts of the body, it may not cause serious problems. But sometimes prostate cancer can grow quickly and spread to other parts of the body. This kind of prostate cancer is serious.</p> <h3>What causes prostate cancer?</h3> <p>Researchers don't know for sure what causes prostate cancer. They do know that it happens when there are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prostate-cancer/">changes in the genetic material</a> (DNA).</p> <p>Sometimes these genetic changes are inherited, meaning that you are born with them. There are also certain genetic changes that happen during your lifetime that can raise your risk of prostate cancer. But often the exact cause of these genetic changes is unknown.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop prostate cancer?</h3> <p>Anyone who has a prostate can develop prostate cancer. But certain factors can make you more likely to develop it:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Age.</strong> Your chance of developing prostate cancer increases as you get older. Prostate cancer is rare in people under age 50.</li> <li><strong>Family health history.</strong> Your risk of prostate cancer is higher if you have a parent, sibling, or child who has or has had prostate cancer.</li> <li><strong>Race.</strong> African Americans are more likely to get prostate cancer. They're also more likely to: <ul> <li>Get prostate cancer at a younger age.</li> <li>Have more serious prostate cancer.</li> <li>Die from prostate cancer.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?</h3> <p>Prostate cancer doesn't always cause symptoms, especially at first. If it does cause symptoms, they may include:</p> <ul> <li>Problems <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html">urinating</a> (peeing), such as: <ul> <li>A urine stream that's weak, hard to start, or starts and stops</li> <li>Suddenly <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html">needing to urinate right away</a></li> <li>Urinating often, especially at night</li> <li>Pain or burning when urinating</li> <li>Blood in your urine or semen</li> </ul> </li> <li>Pain in your lower <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html">back</a>, hips, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html">pelvis</a> that does not go away</li> <li>Painful ejaculation (the release of semen through the penis during orgasm)</li> </ul> <p>But many of these symptoms may be from other common <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html">prostate problems</a> that aren't cancer, such as an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html">enlarged prostate</a>.</p> <p>You should discuss your prostate health with your health care provider if you:</p> <ul> <li>Have symptoms that could be prostate cancer</li> <li>Have a high risk for developing prostate cancer</li> <li>Had a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancerscreening.html">screening test</a> that suggests you could have prostate cancer</li> </ul> <h3>What are prostate tests and how is prostate cancer diagnosed?</h3> <p>Tests which check for prostate cancer include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>A digital rectal exam (DRE).</strong> In this exam, your provider feels your prostate for lumps or anything unusual by inserting a lubricated, gloved finger into your rectum.</li> <li><strong>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prostate-specific-antigen-psa-test/">prostate-specific antigen (PSA)</a> blood test.</strong> A high PSA blood level may be a sign of prostate cancer. But many other things can cause high PSA levels, too.</li> <li><strong>Imaging tests.</strong> These tests may use <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a> to make pictures of your prostate.</li> </ul> <p>If these tests show that you might have prostate cancer, the next step is usually a prostate <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>. A biopsy is the only way to diagnose prostate cancer.</p> <p>During a biopsy, a doctor uses a hollow needle to remove some prostate tissue. The tissue is studied under a microscope to look for cancer cells.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for prostate cancer?</h3> <p>Your treatment options usually depend on your age, your general health, and how serious the cancer is. Your treatment may include one or more options:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Observation</strong>,which is mostly used if you are older, your prostate cancer isn't likely to grow quickly, and you don't have symptoms or you have other medical conditions. Your doctor will keep checking on your cancer over time so to see whether you will need to start treatment for the cancer. There are two types of observation: <ul> <li><strong>Watchful waiting</strong> means having little or no testing. If symptoms begin or change, you will get treatment to relieve them, but not to treat the cancer.</li> <li><strong>Active surveillance</strong> means having regular tests to see if your prostate cancer has changed. If the tests show the cancer is starting to grow or if you develop symptoms, then you will have treatment to try to cure the cancer.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Surgery</strong> to remove your prostate gland may be an option if your cancer hasn't spread outside of your prostate.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a></strong> uses high energy to kill cancer cells or prevent them from growing.</li> <li><strong>Hormone therapy</strong> blocks cancer cells from getting the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a> they need to grow. It may include taking medicines or having surgery to remove the testicles.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a></strong> uses medicines to kill cancer cells, slow their growth, or stop them from spreading. You might take the drugs by mouth, as an injection (shot), as a cream, or intravenously (by IV).</li> <li><strong>Targeted therapy</strong> uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells. This treatment causes less harm to healthy cells than radiation therapy or chemotherapy.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Immunotherapy</a></strong> helps your own immune system to fight cancer.</li> </ul> <h3>Can prostate cancer be prevented?</h3> <p>Making healthy lifestyle changes may help to prevent some prostate cancers. These changes include:</p> <ul> <li>Being at a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">healthy weight</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">Quitting smoking</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Getting enough exercise</a></li> <li>Eating healthy foods</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Older Adults Men Male Reproductive System Cáncer de próstata Prostatic Neoplasms Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Prostate Cancer Screening Prostate Diseases Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Related Issues Prostate Cancer Foundation Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Prostate Cancer Foundation Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Prostate Cancer Foundation Related Issues American Cancer Society Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Prostate Cancer Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Related Issues American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Prostate Cancer Foundation Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms Prostate Cancer Foundation Start Here Food and Drug Administration Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Living With American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Prostate Cancer Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Prostate Cancer Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society <h3>What is cancer screening?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">Cancer</a> is a disease when the cells of the body grow out of control. Cancer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html">screening</a> is having tests to look for signs of cancer before you have any symptoms. By the time cancer causes symptoms, it may have already spread to other parts of your body. A screening test may help find cancer early, when it may be easier to treat.</p> <p>Cancer screening only tells you whether you might have cancer. It doesn't diagnose cancer. If a screening test shows signs of cancer, you'll need to have other tests to find out if you do have cancer and how serious it may be.</p> <h3>What is prostate cancer screening?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html">Prostate cancer</a> screening looks for signs of cancer in the prostate. The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. It lies just below the bladder. It makes fluid that is part of semen.</p> <p>Prostate cancer is most common in people over age 50. It usually grows slowly and doesn't cause health problems. In fact, it's possible to live a long life with prostate cancer and never know you have it. But in certain cases, prostate cancer may spread to other parts of the body and can be very serious.</p> <p>The goal of prostate cancer screening is to find prostate cancers that may be more likely to spread so they can be treated early.</p> <h3>What tests screen for prostate cancer?</h3> <p>Two tests are commonly used to screen for prostate cancer:</p> <ul> <li><strong>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prostate-specific-antigen-psa-test/">prostate-specific antigen test</a>, also called a PSA blood test.</strong> PSA is a protein made by your prostate. A high level of PSA in your blood may mean you have prostate cancer, but it's not proof of cancer. That's because many other things may cause high PSA levels, including: <br/><br/> <ul> <li>Having an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html">enlarged prostate</a> (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH)</li> <li>Having other common <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html">prostate problems</a></li> <li>Taking certain medicines</li> </ul> <br/>In general, the higher your PSA, the more likely it is that you have cancer. But a low PSA blood level isn't a guarantee that you don't have cancer. <br/><br/> </li> <li><strong>Digital Rectal Examination (DRE).</strong> The DRE is a prostate exam. In this exam, your health care provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into your rectum to feel your prostate for lumps or anything unusual. A DRE can check only one side of the prostate.</li> </ul> <p>A PSA test or a DRE may be able to detect prostate cancer at an early stage. But it is not clear whether early detection and treatment lower the risk of dying from prostate cancer. You should talk with your provider about the benefits and harms of prostate cancer screening.</p> <h3>What are the possible benefits and harms of prostate cancer screening?</h3> <p>The <strong>possible benefits</strong> of prostate cancer screening include:</p> <ul> <li>Finding and treating prostate cancer early before it spreads</li> <li>Getting a better sense of your prostate cancer risk (based on your PSA test)</li> <li>Peace of mind if your screening shows you're unlikely to have prostate cancer now</li> <li>The option to choose further testing and closely monitor your prostate if your screening shows you may have cancer</li> </ul> <p>The <strong>possible harms</strong> of prostate cancer screening include:</p> <ul> <li>Getting a false positive result. This means that your PSA test shows you may have prostate cancer when you really don't. A false positive may lead to: <br/><br/> <ul> <li>Worry while you have more tests to look for signs of cancer.</li> <li>A prostate <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>. In a biopsy, a doctor removes tissue from your prostate so it can be studied under a microscope to look for cancer cells. This is the only way to diagnose cancer. The possible harms of a prostate biopsy include: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li>Pain</li> <li>Blood in semen</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html">Urinary tract infection</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <br/> </li> <li>Having prostate cancer treatment that you may not have needed. Prostate cancer screening may lead to a cancer diagnosis, but it's not always clear whether the cancer is likely to grow and spread. You could have unnecessary treatment for cancer that would never have caused any health problems. And the common prostate cancer treatments may have serious, permanent complications, such as: <br/><br/> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html">Urinary incontinence</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html">Erectile dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelincontinence.html">Problems controlling your bowel movements</a> (BMs)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>Should I be screened for prostate cancer?</h3> <p>Since there are benefits and risks to prostate screening, you should talk with your provider to decide if screening is right for you. You and your provider should consider:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Your age.</strong> The risk of prostate cancer increases after age 50.</li> <li><strong>Your family health history.</strong> If members of your family have had prostate cancer, your risk may be higher.</li> <li><strong>Your race.</strong> Prostate cancer is more common in African Americans. They also have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer at a younger age and having more serious disease. </li><li><strong>Your general health.</strong> Are you well enough to have treatment for prostate cancer if it's found?</li> <li><strong>What you prefer.</strong> How do you feel about the possible benefits and harms of screening, diagnosis, and treatment?</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Men Male Reproductive System Pruebas y exámenes para el cáncer de próstata Prostate-Specific Antigen Digital Rectal Examination Spanish National Cancer Institute Prostate Cancer Find an Expert American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH <h3>What is the prostate?</h3> <p>The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. It lies just below the bladder. It makes fluid that is part of semen.</p> <h3>What are prostate diseases?</h3> <p>There are many types of prostate diseases:</p><p> </p><ul> <li><strong>Prostatitis</strong> is inflammation (swelling and pain) in the prostate gland. It's the most common type of prostate problem in people under than age 50. There are different types: <ul> <li><strong>Chronic prostatitis</strong> is also called chronic <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html">pelvic pain</a> syndrome. It's the most common type of prostatitis.</li> <li><strong>Acute bacterial prostatitis</strong> starts suddenly from a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacterial infection</a> and is treated with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>. It is not common.</li> <li><strong>Chronic bacterial prostatitis</strong> happens when a bacterial infection keeps coming back. The symptoms usually start slowly. It may take longer to treat than acute bacterial prostatitis.</li> <li><strong>Asymptomatic prostatitis</strong> has no symptoms and usually doesn't need treatment. You may learn you have it after having tests for other health problems.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html">Enlarged prostate</a></strong> is also called <strong>benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)</strong>. The prostate gland tends to grow larger with age. That's why enlarged prostate is very common in older people and rare in those who are under age 40. When the prostate grows larger, it may press on your urethra and cause problems with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html">urination</a>.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatecancer.html">Prostate cancer</a></strong> happens when cancer cells form in the prostate gland. Prostate cancer is a common type of cancer in those aged 50 and older. Most prostate cancers grow slowly and may never cause health problems. But certain prostate cancers are serious.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop prostate diseases?</h3> <p>Anyone with a prostate can develop prostate problems. But some people are at higher risk.</p> <p>You may be more likely to develop <strong>prostatitis</strong> if you have:</p> <ul> <li>A lower <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html">urinary tract infection</a>, also called a UTI. An infection in your lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra) may lead to acute or chronic bacterial prostatitis.</li> <li>Nerve damage in your lower urinary tract from surgery or an injury. This may lead to chronic prostatitis.</li> <li>Emotional <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>, which can lead to chronic prostatitis.</li> </ul> <p>You may be more likely to develop an <strong>enlarged prostate (BPH)</strong> if you:</p> <ul> <li>Are age 40 or older.</li> <li>Have family members who have had BPH.</li> <li>Have certain health conditions such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart disease</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html">problems with blood circulation</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">Type 2 diabetes</a>.</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">Don't get enough physical activity</a>.</li> </ul> <p>You may be more likely to develop <strong>prostate cancer</strong> if you:</p> <ul> <li>Are older than age 50.</li> <li>Have a parent, sibling, or child who has or had prostate cancer.</li> <li>Are African American.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of prostate diseases?</h3> <p>The symptoms of prostate problems include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html">Needing to urinate a lot</a>.</li> <li>Needing to rush to the bathroom, but not being able to urinate or only going a little.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html">Leaking or dribbling urine</a>.</li> <li>Having a weak urine stream.</li> </ul> <p>Other symptoms depend on the type of prostate problem you have and may include:</p> <ul> <li>Not being able to urinate at all. This is a medical emergency.</li> <li>Any problems, starting or controlling urine flow.</li> <li>Waking up often to urinate.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-in-urine/">Blood in your urine</a> or urine that has an unusual smell or color.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a>, chills, or body aches.</li> <li>Great discomfort or pain: <ul> <li>While urinating or after ejaculation.</li> <li>In your abdomen (belly), between your scrotum and anus, or in your scrotum or penis.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Contact your provider if you have any of these symptoms.</p> <h3>How are prostate diseases diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have a prostate problem, your provider will:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Ask about your medical history</strong> and symptoms.</li> <li><strong>Ask about your family health history.</strong></li> <li><strong>Do a physical exam.</strong> The exam may include a digital rectal exam (DRE) of your prostate. In a DRE, your provider inserts a gloved finger into your rectum to feel the general size and condition of your prostate.</li> <li><strong>Order tests, if needed.</strong> Tests may include: <ul> <li>Blood and urine tests to look for infection.</li> <li>Urodynamic testing to see how well you can hold and release urine.</li> <li>Cystoscopy to look inside your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urethraldisorders.html">urethra</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladderdiseases.html">bladder</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">Ultrasound</a> pictures of your prostate and urinary tract.</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prostate-specific-antigen-psa-test/">PSA blood test</a> (prostate-specific antigen test).</li> <li>Prostate <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a> to diagnose or rule out cancer.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Treatment depends on what prostate disease you have and which symptoms bother you most.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Older Adults Men Male Reproductive System Enfermedades de la próstata Prostatic Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Enlarged Prostate (BPH) Prostate Cancer Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Health Check Tools American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Las proteínas se encuentran en cada célula del cuerpo. Nuestro organismo necesita proteínas de los alimentos que ingerimos para fortalecer y mantener los huesos, los músculos y la piel. Obtenemos proteínas de la carne, los productos lácteos, las nueces y algunos granos o guisantes. Las proteínas de la carne y otros productos animales son proteínas completas, es decir, suministran todos los aminoácidos que el cuerpo no puede producir por sí mismo. La mayoría de las proteínas de las plantas son incompletas. Usted debe combinar distintos tipos de proteínas de plantas cada día para obtener todos los aminoácidos que el cuerpo requiere.</p> <p>Es importante obtener suficientes proteínas en la dieta. Usted debe comer proteínas todos los días, porque el cuerpo no las almacena del mismo modo que acumula grasas o carbohidratos. La cantidad que necesita depende de su edad, sexo, estado de salud y nivel de actividad física. La mayoría de estadounidenses consume suficiente proteína en su dieta.</p> Alimentos y nutrición Dietary Proteins Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Carbohidratos en la dieta Control de peso Nutrición Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Cuidador del paciente <p>Un proveedor de atención al paciente cuida a personas que necesitan ayuda. La persona que necesita atención puede ser un niño, un adulto o una persona mayor. Es posible que necesite ayuda por una lesión, enfermedad crónica o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html">discapacidad</a>. O pueden tener una afección crónica como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimerscaregivers.html">enfermedad de Alzheimer</a> o cáncer.</p> <p>Algunos cuidadores son informales. Pueden ser familiares o amigos. Otros cuidadores son profesionales remunerados. Los cuidadores pueden brindar atención en el hogar, en un hospital u otro entorno de atención médica. A veces, pueden ofrecer sus servicios a distancia. Los tipos de labores que realizan los cuidadores pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Ayudar con las tareas diarias como bañarse, comer o tomar medicamentos</li> <li> Realizar labores domésticas y cocinar</li> <li> Hacer mandados como comprar alimentos y ropa</li> <li>Llevar al paciente a citas</li> <li>Brindar apoyo emocional y compañía</li> <li>Organizar actividades y atención médica</li> <li>Tomar decisiones de salud y financieras</li> </ul> <p>El cuidado puede ser gratificante. Puede ayudar a fortalecer la relación con un ser querido. Puede sentir satisfacción al ayudar a alguien más. Pero el cuidado también puede ser estresante y, en ocasiones, incluso abrumador. Puede estar "de guardia" las 24 horas del día. También puede estar trabajando y además tener hijos que cuidar. Por lo tanto, debe asegurarse de no ignorar sus propias necesidades. También debe cuidar su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregiverhealth.html">propia salud física y mental</a>, ya que, al sentirse bien, puede cuidar mejor a su ser querido. También será más fácil concentrarse en la satisfacción de su labor. </p><p class="">Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.</p> Asuntos sociales y familiares Sistemas de salud Caregivers Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Proveedores de atención al paciente con Alzheimer Servicios de atención médica a domicilio Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Cuidadores de pacientes con Alzheimer <p>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregivers.html">cuidador</a> (o proveedor de atención a pacientes) atiende a una persona que necesita ayuda para cuidarse. Puede ser gratificante y ayudar a fortalecer la relación con un ser querido. Usted puede sentirse satisfecho al ayudar a otra persona. Pero a veces el cuidado puede ser estresante e incluso abrumador. Esto puede ser especialmente cierto cuando se cuida a alguien con la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">enfermedad de Alzheimer</a>.</p> <p>El Alzheimer es una enfermedad que cambia el cerebro. Hace que las personas pierdan la capacidad de recordar, pensar y usar el buen juicio. También tienen problemas para cuidarse a sí mismos. Con el tiempo, a medida que la afección empeora, necesitarán más y más ayuda. Como cuidador, es importante que aprenda sobre el Alzheimer. Es conveniente saber qué le sucede a la persona durante las diferentes etapas de la enfermedad. Esto puede ayudarle a planificar el futuro, de modo de tener todos los recursos disponibles para poder cuidar a su ser querido.</p> <p>Como proveedor de atención al paciente con Alzheimer, sus responsabilidades pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li> Poner en orden los asuntos de salud, legales y financieros de su ser querido: Si es posible, inclúyalos en la planificación mientras pueda tomar decisiones. Más adelante, deberá hacerse cargo de administrar sus finanzas y pagar sus cuentas</li> <li>Evaluar su casa y asegurarse de que sea segura para sus necesidades</li> <li>Monitorear su capacidad para conducir: Es posible que desee contratar a un especialista en manejo que pueda evaluar sus habilidades de conducción. Cuando ya no sea seguro para su ser querido conducir, debe asegurarse de que no lo haga</li> <li>Alentar a su ser querido a realizar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforolderadults.html">actividad física</a>: Hacer ejercicio juntos puede hacerlo más divertido para el paciente</li> <li>Asegurarse de que su ser querido consuma una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html">dieta saludable</a></li> <li>Ayudar con las tareas diarias como bañarse, comer o tomar medicamentos</li> <li>Hacer tareas domésticas y cocinar</li> <li>Hacer mandados como comprar comida y ropa</li> <li>Acompañarlo a citas</li> <li>Brindar apoyo emocional y compañía</li> <li>Organizar la atención médica y tomar decisiones de salud</li> </ul> <p>Mientras cuida a su ser querido con Alzheimer, no ignore sus propias necesidades. Atenderlo puede ser estresante y debe cuidar su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregiverhealth.html">propia salud física y mental</a>.</p> <p>En algún momento, no podrá hacer todo por su cuenta. Asegúrese de obtener ayuda cuando la necesite. Hay muchos servicios diferentes disponibles, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/homecareservices.html">Servicios de atención a domicilio</a></li> <li>Servicios de guardería para adultos</li> <li>Servicios de relevo que brindan atención a corto plazo a la persona con Alzheimer</li> <li>Programas del Gobierno federal y estatal que pueden proporcionar apoyo y servicios financieros</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedliving.html">Residencias con atención personalizada</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nursinghomes.html">Hogares de personas mayores</a>, algunos de los cuales cuentan con unidades especiales de cuidado de la memoria para personas con enfermedad de Alzheimer</li> <li>Cuidados <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/palliativecare.html">paliativos</a> y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hospicecare.html">hospicio</a></li> </ul> <p>También puede evaluar contratar a un administrador de atención geriátrica, profesionales especialmente capacitados que pueden ayudarle a encontrar los servicios adecuados para sus necesidades.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</p> Personas mayores Cerebro y nervios Asuntos sociales y familiares Alzheimer's Caregivers Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Enfermedad de Alzheimer Proveedor de atención al paciente Alzheimer, Proveedores de atención al paciente Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación de Alzheimer Spanish/Español Especialistas Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación de Alzheimer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento PDF NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación de Alzheimer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Prueba de A1c Prueba de hemoglobina glucosilada <p>La prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) es un examen de sangre para la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a>. Mide el nivel promedio de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">glucosa o azúcar en la sangre</a> durante los últimos tres meses. Los médicos pueden usar la prueba HbA1c sola o en combinación con otras pruebas de diabetes para hacer un diagnóstico. También utilizan la HbA1c para ver lo bien que está manejando su diabetes. Esta prueba es diferente a los controles de azúcar en la sangre que las personas con diabetes se hacen todos los días. </p> <p>El resultado de su prueba HbA1c se entrega en porcentajes. Mientras más alto sea el porcentaje, mayor es su nivel de azúcar en la sangre:</p> <ul> <li>Un nivel de HbA1c normal es menor al 5,7%</li> <li>La prediabetes se ubica entre 5,7 a 6,4%. Tener prediabetes es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar diabetes tipo 2. Las personas con prediabetes pueden necesitar repetir las pruebas cada año</li> <li>La diabetes tipo 2 se ubica por encima del 6,5%</li> </ul> <p> Si usted tiene diabetes, debe someterse a la prueba HbA1c por lo menos dos veces al año. Para muchas personas con diabetes, la meta de HbA1c es un porcentaje inferior a siete. Puede ser diferente para usted. Consulte cuál debería ser su meta. Si el resultado de HbA1c es demasiado alto, es posible que tenga que cambiar su plan de cuidado de la diabetes.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Pruebas de diagnóstico Diabetes mellitus A1C Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales A1c, Prueba de Hemoglobina glicosilada, Prueba de Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Tests de laboratorio <p>Las pruebas de laboratorio examinan muestras de sangre, orina o tejidos corporales. Un técnico o el médico analizan las muestras para determinar si los resultados están dentro de los límites normales. Los análisis usan un rango de valores porque lo que se considera normal varía de una persona a otra. Muchos factores afectan los resultados de los análisis. Entre ellos:</p> <ul> <li> Sexo, edad y raza </li> <li>Lo que come y lo que bebe </li> <li> Las medicinas que toma </li> <li> El seguimiento de las instrucciones antes del análisis </li> </ul> <p>El médico también puede comparar los resultados con análisis anteriores. Las pruebas de laboratorio son a menudo parte de un examen de rutina para detectar cambios en su salud. También ayudan a los médicos a diagnosticar cuadros clínicos, planificar o evaluar tratamientos y controlar enfermedades. </p> Pruebas de diagnóstico Laboratory Tests Análisis de orina Análisis de sangre Diagnóstico por imágenes Prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) Diagnóstico Pruebas de orina Pruebas de sangre Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota PDF En inglés y español Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <h3>¿Qué son las pruebas genéticas?</h3> <p>Las pruebas genéticas son un tipo de análisis médico que busca cambios en su ADN (o ácido desoxirribonucleico). El ADN contiene las instrucciones genéticas de todos los seres vivos. Las pruebas genéticas estudian sus células o tejidos para buscar cambios en:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Genes</strong>: Partes del ADN que contienen la información necesaria para producir una proteína</li> <li><strong>Cromosomas</strong>: Estructuras filiformes en sus células. Contienen ADN y proteínas</li> <li><strong>Proteínas</strong>: Realizan la mayor parte del trabajo en sus células. Las pruebas pueden buscar cambios en la cantidad y el nivel de actividad de las proteínas. Si se encuentran cambios, podría deberse a modificaciones en su ADN</li> </ul> <h3>¿Por qué se hacen las pruebas genéticas?</h3> <p>Las pruebas genéticas se pueden realizar por muchas razones diferentes, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Encontrar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">enfermedades genéticas</a> en los bebés por nacer. Este es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html">prueba prenatal</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">Evaluar a los recién nacidos</a> para detectar ciertas afecciones tratables</li> <li>Reducir el riesgo de enfermedades genéticas en los embriones que se crearon con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">tecnología de reproducción asistida</a></li> <li>Averiguar si es portador de un gen de una enfermedad que podría transmitirse a sus hijos. A esto se le llama prueba de portador</li> <li>Determinar si tiene un mayor riesgo de desarrollar una enfermedad específica. Esto se puede hacer para una enfermedad presente en su familia</li> <li>Diagnosticar ciertas enfermedades</li> <li> Identificar cambios genéticos que pueden estar causando o contribuyendo a una enfermedad que ya le diagnosticaron</li> <li>Averiguar qué tan grave es una enfermedad</li> <li>Ayudar a guiar a su médico a decidir el mejor medicamento y dosis para usted. A esto se le llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-farmacogeneticas/">prueba farmacogenómica</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se hacen las pruebas genéticas?</h3> <p>En general, las pruebas genéticas se realizan utilizando una muestra de sangre o un frotis bucal. Pero también se pueden realizar con muestras de cabello, saliva, piel, líquido amniótico (el líquido que rodea al feto durante el embarazo) u otros tejidos. La muestra se envía a un laboratorio, donde un técnico utilizará una de varias técnicas diferentes para buscar cambios genéticos.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los beneficios de las pruebas genéticas?</h3> <p>Los beneficios de las pruebas genéticas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Ayudar a los médicos a hacer recomendaciones de tratamiento o seguimiento</li> <li>Brindarle más información para tomar decisiones sobre su salud y la de su familia:</li> <ul> <li>Si descubre que está en riesgo de contraer una determinada enfermedad, puede tomar medidas para reducir ese riesgo. Por ejemplo, es posible que descubra que debe hacerse una prueba de detección de una enfermedad antes y con más frecuencia. O puede decidir hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyliving.html">cambios saludables en su estilo de vida</a></li> <li>Si descubre que no está en riesgo de contraer una determinada enfermedad, puede omitir chequeos o exámenes de detección innecesarios</li> <li>Una prueba puede entregar información que le ayude a tomar una decisión sobre tener hijos</li> </ul> <li>Identificar los trastornos genéticos en una etapa temprana de la vida para poder iniciar el tratamiento lo antes posible</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los posibles problemas de las pruebas genéticas?</h3> <p>Los riesgos físicos de los diferentes tipos de pruebas genéticas son menores. Pero puede haber inconvenientes emocionales, sociales o económicos:</p> <ul> <li>Dependiendo de los resultados, puede sentirse enojado, deprimido, ansioso o culpable. Esto puede ser especialmente cierto si le diagnostican una enfermedad que no cuenta con tratamientos efectivos</li> <li>Puede estar preocupado por alguna discriminación genética en su trabajo o el seguro médico</li> <li> Las pruebas genéticas pueden brindarle información limitada sobre una enfermedad genética. Por ejemplo, no puede decirle si tendrá síntomas, qué tan grave puede ser una enfermedad o si empeorará con el tiempo</li> <li>Algunas pruebas genéticas son caras y es posible que el seguro médico cubra parte del costo. O puede no cubrirlo en absoluto</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo decidir si debe hacerse una prueba?</h3> <p>La decisión de someterse a pruebas genéticas es compleja. Además de hablar con su profesional de la salud, puede conversar con un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticcounseling.html">asesor genético</a>. Los asesores genéticos tienen especialización y experiencia en genética y consejería. Pueden ayudarle a comprender las pruebas y considerar posibles riesgos y beneficios. Si se hace una prueba, pueden explicarle los resultados y asegurarse de obtener el apoyo que necesita.</p> Embarazo y reproducción Genética y defectos congénitos Pruebas de diagnóstico Genetic Testing Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano Asesoramiento genético Defectos congénitos Enfermedades genéticas Evaluación del recién nacido Pruebas prenatales Pruebas de diagnóstico para recién nacidos Recién nacido, Pruebas de diagnóstico Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">enfermedad del coronavirus 2019</a> (COVID-19) es una enfermedad causada por un virus conocido como SARS-CoV-2. Hay dos tipos de pruebas para este virus:</p> <ul> <li>Una <strong>prueba viral</strong> indica si usted tiene una infección actual. Las pruebas virales pueden ser pruebas rápidas o de laboratorio:</li> <ul> <li> Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-rapidas/">pruebas rápidas</a> se pueden hacer en minutos. A menudo son pruebas de antígenos, que buscan proteínas específicas del virus. Algunas pruebas rápidas son tests que puede realizar usted mismo en casa</li> <li>Las pruebas de laboratorio pueden tardar días en completarse e incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-pcr/">pruebas de PCR</a></li> </ul> <li>Una <strong>prueba de anticuerpos (serológica)</strong> podría indicar si tuvo una infección en el pasado</li> </ul> <p>Si necesita una prueba de COVID-19, usted puede:</p> <ul> <li>Comprar una prueba casera en línea o en una tienda. Asegúrese de que la prueba esté autorizada por la Administración de Medicamentos y Alimentos de los Estados Unidos (FDA). Visite el sitio web del departamento de salud de su estado o ciudad para obtener información sobre las pruebas en su área</li> <li>Consultar con su profesional de la salud</li> </ul> <p>Incluso si su prueba viral de COVID-19 es negativa (la prueba no detectó el virus), aún debe tomar medidas para <a href="https://espanol.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html">protegerse a sí mismo y a los demás</a>.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Pruebas de diagnóstico COVID-19 Testing Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Afecciones posteriores al COVID-19 (COVID-19 persistente) Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Vacunas contra el COVID-19 Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a> (cardíacas) son la principal causa de muerte en los Estados Unidos y también una causa importante de discapacidad. Si usted tiene enfermedad del corazón, es importante encontrarla temprano, cuando es más fácil de tratar. Los exámenes de sangre y las pruebas de salud del corazón pueden ayudar a encontrarlas o identificar problemas que pueden causarlas. Existen varios tipos diferentes de pruebas de salud del corazón. Su profesional de la salud decidirá cuáles exámenes o pruebas necesita en base a sus síntomas (si los hay), factores de riesgo y su historia médica.</p> <h3>Cateterización cardiaca</h3> <p>El cateterismo cardíaco es un procedimiento médico que se utiliza para diagnosticar y tratar algunas enfermedades cardiacas. Para el procedimiento, el profesional de la salud coloca un catéter (un tubo largo, delgado y flexible) en un vaso sanguíneo en el brazo, la ingle o el cuello y lo dirige hacia el corazón. El proveedor de atención médica puede usar el catéter para:</p> <ul> <li>Realizar una angiografía coronaria: Esto implica usar un tipo especial de tinte en el catéter, para que fluya por el torrente sanguíneo a su corazón. Luego, su proveedor toma <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografías</a> de su corazón. El tinte permite que su proveedor vea sus arterias coronarias en la radiografía y comprobar si hay <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a>. Esta afección es causada por acumulación de placa en las arterias</li> <li>Tomar muestras de su sangre y músculo cardíaco</li> <li>Examinar sus válvulas cardiacas</li> <li>Hacer procedimientos como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html">angioplastía</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartsurgery.html">cirugías menores del corazón</a> para reparar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">defectos cardiacos congénitos</a> o reemplazar válvulas cardiacas</li> </ul> <h3>Tomografía computarizada del corazón</h3> <p>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> cardiaca es una prueba de imagen indolora que utiliza rayos X para tomar imágenes claras de todo su corazón y sus vasos sanguíneos. Las computadoras pueden combinar estas imágenes para crear un modelo tridimensional (3D) de todo el corazón. Esta prueba puede ayudar a los profesionales de la salud a detectar varios problemas de corazón incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</li> <li>Acumulación de calcio en las arterias coronarias</li> <li>Defectos cardiacos congénitos </li> <li>Problemas de la aorta (la arteria principal que lleva sangre desde el corazón)</li> <li>Problemas con la función cardíaca y las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html">válvulas</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pericardialdisorders.html">Trastornos del pericardio</a></li> </ul> <p>Antes de hacerse la prueba, recibirá una inyección de contraste. El tinte destaca su corazón y los vasos sanguíneos en las imágenes. El escáner de la tomografía computarizada es una máquina grande con forma de túnel. Usted permanece acostado sobre una mesa que se desliza en el escáner. La máquina toma las imágenes durante unos 15 minutos.</p> <h3>Resonancia magnética cardiaca</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a> cardíaca es una prueba de imagen indolora que utiliza ondas de radio, imanes y una computadora para crear imágenes precisas de su corazón. Puede ayudar al profesional de la salud a saber si tiene enfermedad cardiaca, y si es así, su gravedad. Una resonancia magnética cardíaca también puede ayudar a su proveedor a decidir la mejor forma de tratar problemas cardíacos como:</p> <ul> <li>Defectos congénitos</li> <li>Enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</li> <li>Problemas de válvulas cardíacas</li> <li>Pericarditis</li> <li>Tumores cardíacos</li> <li>Daño por un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque al corazón</a></li> </ul> <p>La máquina de resonancia magnética es grande y parece un túnel. Usted se acuesta sobre una mesa que le introduce en la máquina. El procedimiento produce un fuerte ruido al tomar fotos de su corazón. A veces, antes de la prueba, se le puede administrar una inyección de colorante de contraste. Este tinte destaca su corazón y los vasos sanguíneos en las imágenes.</p> <h3>Radiografía de pecho</h3> <p>La radiografía de pecho toma imágenes de los órganos y estructuras dentro del tórax, como el corazón, los pulmones y los vasos sanguíneos. Puede revelar signos de insuficiencia cardíaca, así como trastornos pulmonares y otras causas de síntomas no relacionados con enfermedades del corazón.</p> <h3>Angiografía coronaria</h3> <p>La angiografía o angiograma de corazón es un procedimiento que utiliza tintes de contraste y radiografías para observar el interior de las arterias. Puede mostrar si hay placa bloqueando las arterias y qué tan grave es el problema. Los profesionales de la salud usan esta prueba para diagnosticar enfermedades cardíacas después de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">dolor en el pecho</a>, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html">paro cardíaco</a> repentino o resultados anormales de otras pruebas cardíacas, como un electrocardiograma o una prueba de estrés.</p> <p>Por lo general, para inyectar el tinte a sus arterias coronarias se realiza un cateterismo cardíaco. Luego, el profesional de la salud le saca radiografías especiales mientras el tinte fluye por sus arterias coronarias. El tinte permite a su proveedor analizar el flujo de sangre a través de su corazón y vasos sanguíneos.</p> <h3>Ecocardiografía</h3> <p>La ecocardiografía es una prueba indolora que utiliza ondas de sonido para tomar imágenes de su corazón en movimiento. Las imágenes muestran el tamaño y la forma de su corazón. También muestran qué tan bien funcionan las cámaras y válvulas de su corazón. Los profesionales de la salud usan la ecocardiografía para diagnosticar muchos problemas cardíacos diferentes, y para comprobar lo grave que son.</p> <p>Existen varios tipos diferentes de ecocardiografía. Para la prueba de ecocardiografía transtorácica (el tipo más común), un técnico aplica gel en su pecho. El gel ayuda a que las ondas de sonido lleguen al corazón. El técnico mueve un transductor (dispositivo parecido a una varita) sobre su pecho. El transductor está conectado a una computadora y transmite ondas de ultrasonido en su pecho, las que rebotan produciendo un efecto de eco. La computadora convierte los ecos en imágenes de su corazón.</p> <h3><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/">Electrocardiograma</a> </h3> <p>Un electrocardiograma es una prueba indolora que detecta y registra la actividad eléctrica de su corazón. Muestra qué tan rápido su corazón late y si el ritmo es constante o irregular.</p> <p>Un electrocardiograma puede ser parte de un examen de rutina para detectar enfermedades del corazón o puede usarse para detectar y estudiar problemas del corazón tales como ataques cardiacos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">arritmia</a> e insuficiencia cardíaca.</p> <p>Para la prueba, usted permanece inmóvil sobre una mesa mientras una enfermera o técnico coloca unos electrodos (parches que tienen sensores) sobre la piel de su pecho, brazos y piernas. Los cables conectan los electrodos a una máquina que registra la actividad eléctrica de su corazón.</p> <h3><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/stress-tests/">Pruebas de estrés</a></h3> <p>La prueba de estrés examina cómo funciona su corazón durante el esfuerzo físico. Puede ayudar a diagnosticar la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias y comprobar su gravedad. También puede detectar otros problemas como enfermedad de las válvulas cardíacas y la insuficiencia cardíaca.</p> <p>Para la prueba, usted hace ejercicio (o se le administra un medicamento si no puede hacer actividad física) para hacer que su corazón trabaje duro y lata rápido. Mientras esto ocurre, se le aplica un electrocardiograma y se le monitorea la presión arterial. Antes o después de la prueba también puede tener un ecocardiograma u otras pruebas de imagen, como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nuclearscans.html">escanografía nuclear</a>. Para la exploración nuclear, se le aplica una inyección de un trazador (una sustancia radiactiva) que se dirige a su corazón. Cámaras especiales detectan la energía del trazador para producir imágenes de su corazón. Estas imágenes se toman después de hacer ejercicio y luego después de descansar.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Heart Health Tests Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón Diagnóstico por imágenes Escanografía nuclear Imágenes por resonancia magnética Niveles de colesterol: Lo que usted debe saber Rayos X Tomografía computarizada Corazón, Pruebas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Pruebas durante el embarazo <p>Los exámenes prenatales proporcionan información acerca de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">salud de su bebé</a> antes de nacer. Algunos exámenes rutinarios que se realizan durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazo</a> también evalúan su salud. En su primera <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html">visita prenatal</a>, su proveedor de cuidados de salud analizará varias cosas, incluyendo problemas con su sangre, signos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">infecciones</a> y si usted es inmune a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rubella.html">rubéola</a> y a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chickenpox.html">varicela</a>. </p> <p>En el transcurso de su embarazo, su proveedor de cuidados médicos puede sugerirle otros exámenes. Algunos de estos tests son comunes para todas las mujeres, como exámenes para detectar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetesandpregnancy.html">diabetes gestacional</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html">síndrome de Down</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html">VIH</a>. Otras pruebas pueden ser ofrecidas basadas en su:</p> <ul> <li>Edad</li> <li>Historia clínica o familiar</li> <li>Raza</li> <li>Resultados de exámenes rutinarios</li> </ul> <p>Existen dos tipos de exámenes:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Exámenes de detección</strong>: Buscan posibles problemas de salud en usted o en su bebé. Evalúan riesgos, pero no diagnostican problemas. Si su examen de detección tiene un resultado anormal, no significa que hay un problema. Quiere decir que es necesaria más información. Su proveedor de salud puede explicarle el significado de sus resultados y los posibles próximos pasos a tomar. Puede que necesite someterse a pruebas de diagnóstico</li> <li><strong>Pruebas de diagnóstico</strong>: Estas confirman o descartan ciertos problemas de salud en usted o en su bebé</li> </ul> <p>Usted decide si desea o no hacerse pruebas prenatales. Usted y su proveedor de salud pueden hablar sobre los riesgos y beneficios de estos exámenes y qué tipo de información pueden brindarle. De ahí, puede decidir cuáles son los adecuados para usted.</p> <p class="">Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Dept. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE.UU</p> Embarazo y reproducción Genética y defectos congénitos Pruebas de diagnóstico Sistema reproductor femenino Prenatal Testing Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Cuidado prenatal Salud y desarrollo fetal Amniocentesis Análisis de la sangre materna Exploración triple Muestra del villus coriónico (CVS) Prueba de glucosa Ultrasonido Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico para el cáncer cervical Exámenes de detección para el cáncer de cérvix <p> El cuello uterino es la parte baja del útero y es donde crece el bebé durante el embarazo. Los exámenes para detectar el cáncer son pruebas que se hacen antes de que usted tenga algún síntoma. Cuanto antes se detecte el cáncer, más fácil puede ser de tratar. </p> <p>Los exámenes de detección para el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html">cáncer de cuello uterino</a> (también llamado cervical) son una parte del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html">chequeo médico de rutina de la mujer</a>. Existen dos tipos de exámenes: La prueba de Papanicolaou (Pap) y la del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html">virus del papiloma humano</a> (VPH), un virus que se contagia por medio de relaciones sexuales y puede, a veces, causar cáncer. Si los resultados son anormales, el doctor puede recomendar otras pruebas como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a>. </p> <p> Los exámenes de detección para el cáncer de cuello uterino pueden presentar riesgos. Los resultados, a veces, pueden ser incorrectos y derivar en exámenes extras innecesarios. También tienen beneficios. Las pruebas de detección han ayudado a disminuir el número de muertes por cáncer cervical. </p> <p>Usted y su doctor deberán analizar los riesgos del cáncer cervical, los pros y contras de los exámenes de detección, a qué edad deberá comenzar a realizarse estas pruebas y cuán seguido deberá hacerlo. </p> Cánceres Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Cervical Cancer Screening Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Chequeo médico de la mujer Cáncer de cuello uterino Virus del papiloma humano Cuello uterino, Exámenes para el cáncer Cérvix, Exámenes para el cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico para el cáncer de próstata Exámenes para la detección del cáncer de próstata <h3>¿Qué es la detección del cáncer?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a> es una enfermedad que ocurre cuando las células del cuerpo crecen sin control. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html">detección</a> del cáncer consiste en realizar pruebas para detectar signos de cáncer antes de que tenga algún síntoma. Para cuando el cáncer cause síntomas, es posible que ya se haya propagado a otras partes del cuerpo. Una prueba de detección puede ayudar a encontrar el cáncer temprano, cuando puede ser más fácil de tratar.</p> <p>Las pruebas de detección de cáncer solo indican si es posible que tenga cáncer. No lo diagnostica. Si una prueba de detección muestra signos de cáncer, deberá realizarse otros exámenes para determinar si tiene cáncer y qué tan grave puede ser.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la detección del cáncer de próstata?</h3> <p>La prueba de detección del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancer.html">cáncer de próstata</a> busca signos de cáncer en la próstata. La próstata es una glándula del sistema reproductor masculino. Se encuentra justo debajo de la vejiga. Produce líquido que forma parte del semen.</p> <p>El cáncer de próstata es más común en personas mayores de 50 años. Por lo general, crece lentamente y no causa problemas de salud. De hecho, es posible vivir una vida larga con cáncer de próstata y nunca saber que lo tiene. Pero en ciertos casos, el cáncer de próstata puede diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo y ser muy grave.</p> <p>El objetivo de las pruebas de detección del cáncer de próstata es encontrar cánceres de próstata que tengan más probabilidades de propagarse para que puedan tratarse a tiempo.</p> <h3>¿Qué pruebas detectan el cáncer de próstata?</h3> <p>Usualmente, dos pruebas se usan para detectar el cáncer de próstata:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-psa-antigeno-prostatico-especifico/">Prueba de antígeno prostático específico</a></strong>: También llamada prueba de sangre PSA. El antígeno prostático específico es una proteína producida por la próstata. Un alto nivel de PSA en la sangre puede significar que tiene cáncer de próstata, pero no es prueba de cáncer, debido a que muchas otras cosas pueden causar niveles altos de PSA, incluyendo:</li> <ul> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/enlargedprostatebph.html">agrandamiento de próstata</a> (hiperplasia prostática benigna o HPB)</li> <li>Tener otros <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatediseases.html">problemas</a> comunes de próstata</li> <li>Tomar ciertos medicamentos</li> </ul> <p>En general, cuanto más alto sea su antígeno prostático, más probable es que tenga cáncer. Pero un nivel bajo de PSA en la sangre no quiere decir que no pueda tener cáncer.</p> <li> <strong>Examen rectal digital (DRE)</strong>: El examen digital rectal es un examen de próstata. En este examen, su profesional de la salud inserta un dedo enguantado y lubricado en su recto para palpar su próstata en busca de bultos o cualquier cosa inusual. Esta prueba puede revisar solo un lado de la próstata</li> </ul> <p>Una prueba de antígeno prostático o un examen digital rectal pueden detectar el cáncer de próstata en una etapa temprana. Pero no está claro si la detección y el tratamiento tempranos reducen el riesgo de morir de cáncer de próstata. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre los beneficios y los riesgos de la prueba de detección del cáncer de próstata.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los posibles beneficios y riesgos de la detección del cáncer de próstata?</h3> <p>Los <strong>posibles beneficios</strong> de la detección del cáncer de próstata incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Encontrar y tratar el cáncer de próstata antes de que se propague</li> <li>Obtener una mejor idea de su riesgo de cáncer de próstata (basado en su prueba de PSA)</li> </ul> <p>Los <strong>posibles daños</strong> de la detección del cáncer de próstata incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Obtener un resultado falso positivo: Significa que su prueba de antígeno prostático muestra que puede tener cáncer de próstata cuando en realidad no es así. Un falso positivo puede conducir a:</li> <ul> <li>Preocuparse mientras le hacen más pruebas para detectar signos de cáncer</li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> de próstata: En una biopsia, un médico extrae tejido de su próstata para que pueda ser estudiado bajo un microscopio para buscar células cancerosas. Esta es la única manera de diagnosticar el cáncer. Los posibles riesgos de una biopsia de próstata incluyen:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li>Dolor</li> <li>Sangre en el semen</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">Infecciones de las vías urinarias</a></li> </ul> </ul> <br/> <li>Recibir un tratamiento para el cáncer de próstata que tal vez no sea necesario: Las pruebas de detección del cáncer de próstata pueden llevar a un diagnóstico de cáncer, pero no siempre está claro si es probable que el cáncer crezca y se propague. Podría recibir un tratamiento innecesario para un cáncer que no habría causado algún problema de salud. Y los tratamientos comunes para el cáncer de próstata pueden tener complicaciones graves y permanentes, como:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html">Incontinencia urinaria</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/erectiledysfunction.html">Disfunción eréctil</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bowelincontinence.html">Problemas para controlar sus evacuaciones intestinales</a></li> </ul> </ul> <h3>¿Debería hacerme un examen de detección de cáncer de próstata?</h3> <p>Dado que existen beneficios y riesgos en el examen de próstata, debe hablar con su profesional de la salud para decidir si el examen es adecuado para usted. Usted y su proveedor deben considerar:</p> <ul> <li> <strong>Su edad</strong>: El riesgo de cáncer de próstata aumenta después de los 50 años</li> <li> <strong>Su historial de salud familiar</strong>: Si algún miembro de su familia ha tenido cáncer de próstata, su riesgo puede ser mayor</li> <li><strong>Su raza</strong>: El cáncer de próstata es más común en los afroamericanos. Además, tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de próstata a una edad más temprana y de tener una enfermedad más grave</li> <li><strong>Su salud general</strong>: ¿Está lo suficientemente bien como para recibir tratamiento para el cáncer de próstata si se le diagnostica?</li> <li><strong>Su preferencia</strong>: ¿Cómo se siente acerca de los posibles beneficios y daños de la detección, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento?</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Hombres Sistema reproductor masculino Prostate Cancer Screening Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de próstata Próstata, Cáncer diagnosis Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico para la tiroides <p>La tiroides es una glándula pequeña con forma de mariposa ubicada al frente del cuello. Produce <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonas</a> que controlan la forma en que el cuerpo utiliza la energía. Estas hormonas afectan a casi todos los órganos del cuerpo y controlan muchas de sus funciones más importantes. Por ejemplo, afectan la respiración, el ritmo cardíaco, el peso, la digestión y el estado de ánimo.</p> <p>Las pruebas de función tiroidea verifican cómo está funcionando su tiroides. También se utilizan para diagnosticar y ayudar a encontrar la causa de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">enfermedades de la tiroides</a>, incluyendo el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html">hipertiroidismo</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html">hipotiroidismo</a>. Los exámenes de la tiroides incluyen análisis de sangre y pruebas de imagen.</p> <p>Los análisis de sangre para la tiroides incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tsh/">Hormona estimulante de la tiroides</a></strong> (TSH): Mide la hormona estimulante de la tiroides. En general, esta es la primera prueba que solicitará su profesional de la salud</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-triyodotironina-t3/">T3</a></strong> y <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tiroxina-t4/">T4</a></strong>: Miden el nivel de diferentes hormonas de la tiroides en la sangre</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/anticuerpos-antitiroideos/">Prueba de anticuerpos antitiroideos</a></strong>: Mide ciertos anticuerpos tiroideos (indicadores en la sangre). Esta prueba puede ayudar a diagnosticar trastornos tiroideos autoinmunes</li> </ul> <p>Las pruebas de imagen incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">Tomografía computarizada</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">Ultrasonido</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nuclearscans.html">Pruebas de medicina nuclear</a>,</strong> como: <ul> <li><strong>Gammagrafía de tiroides:</strong> Utiliza pequeñas cantidades de material radiactivo para crear una imagen de la tiroides, mostrando su tamaño, forma y posición. Puede ayudar a encontrar la causa del hipertiroidismo y detectar nódulos tiroideos (protuberancias en la tiroides)</li> <li><strong>Captación de yodo radiactivo</strong> (prueba de captación tiroidea): Comprueba cómo su tiroides está funcionando y puede ayudar a encontrar la causa de hipertiroidismo</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Sistema endocrino Pruebas de diagnóstico Thyroid Tests Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Tiroides, Diagnóstico Tiroides, Exámenes Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Americana de la Tiroides Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Pruebas renales Tests para los riñones <p> Usted tiene dos riñones, órganos del tamaño de un puño ubicados a cada lado de la columna vertebral un poco más arriba de su cintura. Sus riñones filtran y limpian su sangre, eliminando los productos de desecho y produciendo la orina. Las pruebas renales se usan para ver qué tan bien están funcionando sus riñones. Estas incluyen pruebas de sangre, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html">orina</a> y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">imagen</a>.</p> <p>Por lo general, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">enfermedad renal</a> en etapa temprana no muestra signos o síntomas. Las pruebas son la única forma de saber cómo están funcionando sus riñones. Es importante que se haga un chequeo por enfermedad renal si tiene los principales factores de riesgo: diabetes, presión arterial alta, enfermedades del corazón o una historia familiar de insuficiencia renal.</p> <p>Las pruebas renales específicas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tasa-de-filtracion-glomerular-tfg/">Tasa de filtración glomerular</a>: Uno de los análisis de sangre más comunes para la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">enfermedad renal crónica</a>. Muestra qué tan bien filtran sus riñones </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-creatinina/">Prueba de creatinina en sangre y orina</a>: Chequea los niveles de creatinina, un producto de desecho que sus riñones eliminan de la sangre</li> <li>Análisis de albúmina en orina: Busca la presencia de albúmina, una proteína que puede aparecer en la orina si los riñones están dañados</li> <li>Pruebas de imagen como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ecografía</a>: Proporciona imágenes de los riñones, las que ayudan al médico a visualizar el tamaño y forma de los riñones, y ver si hay algo inusual </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">Biopsia</a> de riñón: Consiste en tomar una pequeña muestra de tejido del riñón para analizarla en un microscopio. Comprueba la causa de la enfermedad renal y qué tan dañados están sus riñones. </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Riñones y sistema urinario Pruebas de diagnóstico Kidney Tests Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer de riñón Enfermedades de los riñones Riñones, Pruebas y exámenes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fondo Estadounidense sobre los Riñones Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>Las personas pueden perder la totalidad o parte de un brazo o una pierna por una serie de razones. Las más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas de circulación debido a la aterosclerosis o a la diabetes, las que pueden requerir una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html">amputación</a></li> <li>Lesiones traumáticas, incluidas las de accidentes de tráfico y militares de combate</li> <li>Cáncer</li> <li>Defectos de nacimiento</li> </ul> <p>Si le falta un brazo o una pierna, un miembro artificial a veces puede reemplazarlo. Este dispositivo, llamado prótesis, puede ayudarle a realizar las actividades diarias como caminar, comer o vestirse. Algunos miembros artificiales le permiten desenvolverse tan bien como antes.</p> Cirugía y rehabilitación Artificial Limbs Pérdida de extremidades Tecnología asistencial Amputaciones Brazo, Prótesis Extremidades artificiales Miembros artificiales Pierna, Prótesis Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud <p>Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales. You usually get the patches on your elbows, knees, scalp, back, face, palms and feet, but they can show up on other parts of your body. Some people who have psoriasis also get a form of arthritis called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriaticarthritis.html">psoriatic arthritis</a>.</p> <p>A problem with your immune system causes psoriasis. In a process called cell turnover, skin cells that grow deep in your skin rise to the surface. Normally, this takes a month. In psoriasis, it happens in just days because your cells rise too fast. </p> <p>Psoriasis can be hard to diagnose because it can look like other skin diseases. Your doctor might need to look at a small skin sample under a microscope.</p> <p>Psoriasis can last a long time, even a lifetime. Symptoms come and go. Things that make them worse include:</p><ul> <li>Infections</li> <li>Stress</li> <li>Dry skin</li> <li>Certain medicines</li> </ul> <p>Psoriasis usually occurs in adults. It sometimes runs in families. Treatments include creams, medicines, and light therapy.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases </p> Skin, Hair and Nails Psoriasis Psoriasis Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Psoriatic Arthritis Start Here National Psoriasis Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Images VisualDX Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Images VisualDX Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH <p>La psoriasis es una enfermedad de la piel que causa picazón o parches dolorosos de piel engrosada y enrojecida con escamas plateadas. Suele aparecer en los hombros, las rodillas, el cuero cabelludo, la espalda, la cara, las palmas de las manos y las plantas de los pies, pero también puede presentarse en otras partes del cuerpo. Algunas personas con esta afección pueden adquirir una forma de artritis conocida como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psoriaticarthritis.html">artritis psoriásica</a>. </p> <p> La causa de la psoriasis es un problema en el sistema inmunitario. En un proceso llamado recambio celular, las células de la piel que crecen en la parte más profunda de la piel avanzan hacia la superficie. Normalmente, esto demora un mes. En la psoriasis, ocurre en algunos días debido a que las células avanzan demasiado rápido. </p> <p>La psoriasis puede persistir por mucho tiempo, incluso durante toda la vida. Los síntomas aparecen y desaparecen y los factores que pueden empeorarlos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Infecciones </li> <li> Estrés </li> <li>Piel reseca </li> <li> Ciertas medicinas </li> </ul> <p>La psoriasis suele ocurrir entre los adultos. Algunas veces es hereditaria. Los tratamientos incluyen cremas, medicinas y fototerapia.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Piel, cabello y uñas Psoriasis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Artritis psoriásica Soriasis Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer <p>Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales. You usually get them on your elbows, knees, scalp, back, face, palms and feet, but they can show up on other parts of your body.</p> <p>Some people with psoriasis have psoriatic arthritis. It causes pain, stiffness, and swelling of the joints. It is often mild, but can sometimes be serious and affect many joints. The joint and skin problems don't always happen at the same time.</p> <p>Your doctor will do a physical exam and imaging tests to diagnose psoriatic arthritis. There is no cure, but medicines can help control inflammation and pain. In rare cases, you might need surgery to repair or replace damaged joints.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Artritis psoriásica Arthritis, Psoriatic Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Arthritis Psoriasis Statistics and Research Arthritis Foundation PDF Find an Expert Arthritis Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Start Here American College of Rheumatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Psychoses <p>Psychotic disorders are severe mental disorders that cause abnormal thinking and perceptions. People with psychoses lose touch with reality. Two of the main symptoms are delusions and hallucinations. Delusions are false beliefs, such as thinking that someone is plotting against you or that the TV is sending you secret messages. Hallucinations are false perceptions, such as hearing, seeing, or feeling something that is not there.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/schizophrenia.html">Schizophrenia</a> is one type of psychotic disorder. People with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bipolardisorder.html">bipolar disorder</a> may also have psychotic symptoms. Other problems that can cause psychosis include alcohol and some drugs, brain tumors, brain infections, and stroke.</p> <p>Treatment depends on the cause of the psychosis. It might involve drugs to control symptoms and talk therapy. Hospitalization is an option for serious cases where a person might be dangerous to himself or others.</p> Mental Health and Behavior Trastornos psicóticos Psychotic Disorders Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Mental Disorders Schizophrenia Find an Expert American Psychiatric Association Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health Video NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists PDF Find an Expert NAMI Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Related Issues Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Specifics Postpartum Support International Start Here NAMI Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Treatments and Therapies American Psychiatric Association Video <p>Pubertad es el momento de la vida cuando un niño o una niña madura sexualmente. Es un proceso que suele ocurrir entre los 10 y 14 años para las niñas y entre los 12 y 16 para los varones. Causa cambios físicos y afecta a niños y niñas de manera distinta. </p> <p>En las niñas:</p> <ul> <li>La primera señal de pubertad es por lo general el desarrollo de los senos.</li> <li>Luego comienza a crecer el vello en la zona del pubis y las axilas.</li> <li>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">menstruación</a> (o período) por lo general es el último paso.</li> </ul> <p>En los niños:</p> <ul> <li>La pubertad comienza generalmente con el crecimiento de los testículos y el pene.</li> <li>Luego, el vello en el pubis y las axilas.</li> <li>Los músculos crecen, la voz se hace más gruesa y el vello facial aparece siguiendo el proceso de la pubertad.</li> </ul> <p>Tanto los niños como las niñas pueden tener acné. También suelen tener un aumento repentino en el crecimiento (un aumento rápido de altura) que dura alrededor de dos o tres años. Esto los acerca más a su estatura adulta, la que alcanzan después de la pubertad. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Niños y adolescentes Asuntos de salud sexual Puberty Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Desarrollo del adolescente Desarrollo del niño Menstruación Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niñas Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niñas Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niñas Hospital de Niños de Boston Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niñas Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Niñas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niñas Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niñas Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Niñas Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Niñas Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>Puberty is the time in life when a boy or girl becomes sexually mature. It is a process that usually happens between ages 10 and 14 for girls and ages 12 and 16 for boys. It causes physical changes, and affects boys and girls differently.</p> <p>In girls:</p> <ul> <li>The first sign of puberty is usually breast development.</li> <li>Then hair grows in the pubic area and armpits.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">Menstruation</a> (or a period) usually happens last.</li> </ul> <p>In boys:</p> <ul> <li>Puberty usually begins with the testicles and penis getting bigger.</li> <li>Then hair grows in the pubic area and armpits.</li> <li>Muscles grow, the voice deepens, and facial hair develops as puberty continues.</li> </ul> <p>Both boys and girls may get acne. They also usually have a growth spurt (a rapid increase in height) that lasts for about 2 or 3 years. This brings them closer to their adult height, which they reach after puberty. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Children and Teenagers Sexual Health Issues Pubertad Puberty Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Child Development Menstruation Teen Development Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Children Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics Nemours Foundation Children Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Crabs <h3>What are pubic lice?</h3> <p>Pubic lice (also called crabs) are tiny insects which usually live in the pubic or genital area of humans. They are also sometimes found on other coarse body hair, such as hair on the legs, armpits, mustache, beard, eyebrows, or eyelashes. Pubic lice on the eyebrows or eyelashes of children or teens may be a sign of sexual exposure or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html">abuse</a>.</p> <p>Pubic lice are parasites, and they need to feed on human blood to survive. They are one of the three types of lice that live on humans. The other two types are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html">head lice</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bodylice.html">body lice</a>. Each type of lice is different, and getting one type does not mean that you will get another type.</p> <h3>How do pubic lice spread?</h3> <p>Pubic lice move by crawling, because they cannot hop or fly. They usually spread through sexual contact. Occasionally, they may spread through physical contact with a person who has pubic lice, or through contact with clothing, beds, bed linens, or towels that were used by a person with pubic lice. You cannot get pubic lice from animals.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for pubic lice?</h3> <p>Since they spread mainly through sexual contact, pubic lice are most common in adults.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of pubic lice?</h3> <p>The most common symptom of pubic lice is intense itching in the genital area. You may also see nits (lice eggs) or crawling lice.</p><h3>How do you know if you have pubic lice?</h3> <p>A diagnosis of a pubic lice usually comes from seeing a louse or nit. But lice and nits can be difficult to find because there may be only a few present. Also, they often attach themselves to more than one hair, and they do not crawl as quickly as head and body lice. Sometimes it takes a magnifying lens to see the lice or nits.</p> <p>People who have pubic lice should also be checked for other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs), and their sexual partners should also be checked for pubic lice.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for pubic lice?</h3> <p>The main treatment for pubic lice is a lice-killing lotion. Options include a lotion that contains permethrin or a mousse containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide. These products are available over-the-counter without a prescription. They are safe and effective when you use them according to the instructions. Usually one treatment will get rid of the lice. If not, you may need another treatment after 9-10 days.</p> <p>There are other lice-killing medicines that are available with a prescription from your health care provider.</p> <p>You should also wash your clothes, bedding, and towels with hot water, and dry them using the hot cycle of the dryer.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Sexual Health Issues Ladilla Phthirus Lice Infestations Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Journal Articles Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Blood clots in the lung <h3>What is a pulmonary embolism (PE)?</h3> <p>A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a sudden blockage in a lung artery. It usually happens when a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clot</a> breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs. PE is a serious condition that can cause:</p><ul> <li>Permanent damage to the lungs</li> <li>Low oxygen levels in your blood</li> <li>Damage to other organs in your body from not getting enough oxygen</li> </ul> <p>PE can be life-threatening, especially if a clot is large, or if there are many clots.</p> <h3>What causes a pulmonary embolism (PE)?</h3> <p>The cause is usually a blood clot that breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs. The clot is usually a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/deepveinthrombosis.html">deep vein thrombosis</a> (DVT), a clot in the leg. In rare cases, material such as air bubbles, clumps of fat, or parts of a tumor can block the lung artery and cause PE.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop a pulmonary embolism (PE)?</h3> <p>Anyone can get a pulmonary embolism (PE), but certain things can raise your risk of PE:</p><ul> <li><strong>Having surgery,</strong> especially joint replacement surgery.</li> <li><strong>Certain medical conditions,</strong> including</li> <ul> <li>Cancers</li> <li>Heart diseases</li> <li>Lung diseases</li> <li>A broken hip or leg bone or other trauma</li> </ul> <li><strong>Hormone-based medicines,</strong> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth control pills</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">hormone replacement therapy</a>.</li> <li><strong>Pregnancy and childbirth.</strong> The risk is highest for about six weeks after childbirth.</li> <li><strong>Not moving for long periods,</strong> such as being on bed rest, having a cast, or taking a long plane flight. </li><li><strong>Age.</strong> Your risk increases as you get older, especially after age 40. </li><li><strong>Family history and genetics.</strong> Certain genetic changes that can increase your risk of blood clots and PE. </li><li><strong>Obesity</strong>.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of a pulmonary embolism (PE)?</h3> <p>Symptoms of PE include:</p> <ul> <li>Shortness of breath</li> <li>Rapid breathing</li> <li>Chest pain or discomfort, which usually gets worse when you cough or take a deep breath</li> <li>Increased heart rate</li> <li>Coughing up blood</li> <li>Very low blood pressure, lightheadedness, or fainting</li> </ul> <p>Sometimes people with PE don't have any symptoms until they have serious complications, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryhypertension.html">pulmonary hypertension</a> (high blood pressure in the arteries to your lungs). </p> <h3>How is a pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosed?</h3> <p>It can be difficult to diagnose PE. To find out if you have a PE, your health care provider will:</p><ul> <li>Take your medical history, including asking about your symptoms and risk factors for PE</li> <li>Do a physical exam</li> <li>Likely order some tests, including various<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html"> imaging</a> and blood tests</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for a pulmonary embolism (PE)?</h3> <p>If you have PE, you need medical treatment right away. The goal of treatment is to break up clots and help keep other clots from forming. Treatment options include medicines and procedures.</p> <p><strong>Medicines</strong>:</p><ul> <li><strong>Anticoagulants,</strong> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">blood thinners</a>, keep blood clots from getting larger and stop new clots from forming. You might get them as an injection, a pill, or through an I.V. (intravenous). They can cause bleeding, especially if you are taking other medicines that also thin your blood, such as aspirin.</li> <li><strong>Thrombolytics</strong> are medicines to dissolve blood clots. You may get them if you have large clots that cause severe symptoms or other serious complications. Thrombolytics can cause sudden bleeding, so they are used if your PE is serious and may be life-threatening.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Procedures</strong>:</p><ul> <li><strong>Catheter-assisted thrombus removal</strong> uses a flexible tube to reach a blood clot in your lung. Your health care provider can insert a tool in the tube to break up the clot or to deliver medicine through the tube. Usually you will get medicine to put you to sleep for this procedure.</li> <li><strong>A vena cava filter</strong> may be used in some people who cannot take blood thinners. Your health care provider inserts a filter inside a large vein called the vena cava. The filter catches blood clots before they travel to the lungs, which prevents pulmonary embolism. But the filter does not stop new blood clots from forming.</li> </ul> <h3>Can pulmonary embolism (PE) be prevented?</h3> <p>Preventing new blood clots can prevent PE. Prevention may include:</p><ul> <li>Continuing to take blood thinners. It's also important to get regular checkups with your provider, to make sure that the dosage of your medicines is working to prevent blood clots but not causing bleeding.</li> <li>Heart-healthy lifestyle changes, such as heart-healthy eating, exercise, and, if you smoke, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quitting smoking</a>. </li>Using compression stockings to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT). <li>Moving your legs when sitting for long periods of time (such as on long trips).</li> <li>Moving around as soon as possible after surgery or being confined to a bed.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Lungs and Breathing Embolia pulmonar Pulmonary Embolism Spanish Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Blood Clots Deep Vein Thrombosis Vascular Diseases Blood Clots in the Lung Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Heart Association PDF Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH IPF Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis <p>Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition in which the tissue deep in your lungs becomes scarred over time. This tissue gets thick and stiff. That makes it hard for you to catch your breath, and your blood may not get enough oxygen.</p> <p>Causes of pulmonary fibrosis include environmental pollutants, some medicines, some connective tissue diseases, and interstitial lung disease. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitiallungdiseases.html">Interstitial lung disease</a> is the name for a large group of diseases that inflame or scar the lungs. In most cases, the cause cannot be found. This is called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.</p> <p>Symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Shortness of breath</li> <li>A dry, hacking cough that doesn't get better</li> <li>Fatigue</li> <li>Weight loss for no known reason</li> <li>Aching muscles and joints</li> <li>Clubbing, which is the widening and rounding of the tips of the fingers or toes</li> </ul> <p>Your doctor may use your medical history, imaging tests, a biopsy, and lung function tests to diagnose pulmonary fibrosis. There is no cure. Treatments can help with symptoms and improve your quality of life. They include medicines, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, or a lung transplant.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Lungs and Breathing Fibrosis pulmonar Pulmonary Fibrosis Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Interstitial Lung Diseases Pulmonary Rehabilitation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Lung Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Jewish Health Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Lung Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Find an Expert Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Lung Association Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Pulmonary arterial hypertension <h3>What is pulmonary hypertension? </h3> <p>Pulmonary hypertension, sometimes called PH, is a serious condition that affects the blood vessels in the lungs. It develops when the blood pressure in your lungs is higher than normal.</p> <p>Your heart pumps blood to your lungs so they can add oxygen to the blood. The blood goes back to your heart. From there, it travels to the rest of your body so that your tissues can get the oxygen that they need.</p> <p>The blood moves from your heart to your lungs through blood vessels called pulmonary arteries. If the pulmonary arteries become damaged, narrowed, or blocked, the blood does not flow through them as well. This can increase the blood pressure in the arteries and cause pulmonary hypertension.</p> <p>There are different types of pulmonary hypertension, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The different types are based on what caused the disease.</p> <h3>What causes pulmonary hypertension?</h3> <p>Pulmonary hypertension can develop on its own or be caused by another condition. Sometimes the cause is unknown or is not clear.</p> <p>Some of the possible causes include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart diseases</a>, including left-sided <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">heart failure</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">congenital heart disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">Lung diseases</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a> (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitiallungdiseases.html">interstitial lung disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html">emphysema</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">sleep apnea</a></li> <li>Other medical conditions such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">Liver diseases</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sicklecelldisease.html">Sickle cell disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html">Pulmonary embolism</a> (blood clots in the lungs)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/connectivetissuedisorders.html">Connective tissue disorders</a> like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scleroderma.html">scleroderma</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop pulmonary hypertension? </h3> <p>Certain factors can make you more likely to develop pulmonary hypertension, such as:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Your age.</strong> The risk increases as you get older. The condition is usually diagnosed between ages 30 and 60.</li> <li><strong>Your environment.</strong> Being exposed to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html">asbestos</a> or having certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html">infections caused by parasites</a> can raise your risk.</li> <li><strong>Your family history and genetics.</strong> Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic disorders</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html">Down syndrome</a>, congenital heart disease, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gaucherdisease.html">Gaucher disease</a>, can raise your risk of pulmonary hypertension. So can a family history of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clots</a>.</li> <li><strong>Your lifestyle habits.</strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">illegal drug use</a> can raise your risk of developing pulmonary hypertension.</li> <li><strong>Certain medicines.</strong> For example, some medicines used to treat cancer and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">depression</a> can make you more likely to develop pulmonary hypertension.</li> <li><strong>Your sex.</strong> Pulmonary hypertension is more common in women than in men.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of pulmonary hypertension?</h3> <p>The symptoms of pulmonary hypertension are sometimes hard to recognize and are similar to the symptoms of other medical conditions. So sometimes it can take years for someone to get diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension.</p> <p>The symptoms of pulmonary hypertension may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a> or pressure</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a> that may lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html">fainting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/edema.html">Swelling</a> of the abdomen, legs, or feet</li> <li>Heart palpitations (the feeling that your heart is pounding or beating too fast)</li> </ul> <h3>What other problems can pulmonary hypertension cause?</h3> <p>Pulmonary hypertension can get worse over time and lead to serious problems, including:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">Anemia</a>, which can cause your body to not get enough oxygen-rich blood</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">Arrhythmias</a>, problems with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat</li> <li>Blood clots in the pulmonary arteries</li> <li>Bleeding in the lungs</li> <li>Heart failure</li> <li>Liver damage</li> <li>Pericardial effusion, a collection of fluid around the heart</li> <li>Serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">pregnancy complications</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is pulmonary hypertension diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have pulmonary hypertension, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your <strong>medical history and symptoms</strong></li> <li>Will do a <strong>physical exam,</strong> which may include checking your blood oxygen, listening to your heart and lungs, and checking your blood pressure</li> <li>Will likely order some tests, such as: <ul> <li><strong>Blood tests</strong> to look for blood clots, stress on the heart, or anemia</li> <li><strong>Heart imaging tests,</strong> such as a cardiac <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a></li> <li><strong>Lung imaging tests,</strong> such as chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a></li> <li>An <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/">electrocardiogram</a></strong> (ECG or EKG)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for pulmonary hypertension?</h3> <p>Often there is no cure for pulmonary hypertension, but treatments can help manage your symptoms. Your provider will work with you to come up with a treatment plan. It will be based on your needs and the cause of the pulmonary hypertension. The plan may include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Healthy lifestyle changes,</strong> such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html">Healthy eating</a>, which includes eating less <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">salt</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Regular physical activity</a>, which may be done through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">pulmonary rehabilitation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medicines,</strong> such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">Blood thinners</a></li> <li>Medicines to control the rate blood is pumped throughout the body</li> <li>Medicines to relax blood vessels and allow the blood to flow better</li> <li>Medicine to reduce swelling (diuretics)</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">Oxygen therapy</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Procedures</strong> to reduce pressure in the heart or pulmonary artery</li> <li>In some severe cases, a <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungtransplantation.html">lung transplant</a></strong></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Lungs and Breathing Hipertensión pulmonar Hypertension, Pulmonary Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Lung Diseases Cor Pulmonale Hypertension, Pulmonary Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Heart Association Find an Expert American Lung Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Heart Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Thoracic Society PDF Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <h3>What is pulmonary rehabilitation?</h3> <p>Pulmonary rehabilitation, also known as pulmonary rehab or PR, is a program for people who have chronic (ongoing) <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">breathing problems</a>. It can help improve your ability to function and quality of life. PR does not replace your medical treatment. Instead, you use them together.</p> <p>PR is often an outpatient program that you do in a hospital or clinic. Some people have PR in their homes. You work with a team of health care providers to find ways to lessen your symptoms, increase your ability to exercise, and make it easier to do your daily activities.</p> <h3>Who needs pulmonary rehabilitation?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may recommend pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) if you have a chronic lung disease or another condition that makes it hard for you to breathe and limits your activities. For example, PR may help you if you:</p><ul> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a> (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The two main types are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emphysema.html">emphysema</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html">chronic bronchitis</a>. In COPD, your airways (tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs) are partially blocked. This makes it hard to get air in and out.</li> <li>Have an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitiallungdiseases.html">interstitial lung disease</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sarcoidosis.html">sarcoidosis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryfibrosis.html">pulmonary fibrosis</a>. These diseases cause scarring of the lungs over time. This makes it hard to get enough oxygen.</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html">cystic fibrosis</a> (CF). CF is an inherited disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to collect in the lungs and block the airways.</li> <li>Need lung surgery. You may have PR before and after lung surgery to help you prepare for and recover from the surgery.</li> <li>Have a muscle-wasting disorder that affects the muscles used for breathing. An example is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html">muscular dystrophy</a>.</li> </ul> <p>PR works best if you start it before your disease is severe. However, even people who have advanced lung disease can benefit from PR.</p> <h3>What does pulmonary rehabilitation include?</h3> <p>When you first start pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), your team of health care providers will want to learn more about your health. You will have lung function, exercise, and possibly blood tests. Your team will go over your medical history and current treatments. They may check on your mental health and ask about your diet. Then they will work together to create a plan that is right for you. It may include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Exercise training.</strong> Your team will come up with an exercise plan to improve your endurance and muscle strength. You will likely have exercises for both your arms and legs. You might use a treadmill, stationary bike, or weights. You may need to start slowly and increase your exercise as you get stronger.</li> <li><strong>Nutritional counseling.</strong> Being either overweight or underweight can affect your breathing. A nutritious eating plan can help you work towards a healthy weight.</li> <li><strong>Education about your disease and how to manage it.</strong> This includes learning how to avoid situations that make your symptoms worse, how to avoid infections, and how/when to take your medicines.</li> <li><strong>Techniques you can use to save your energy.</strong> Your team may teach you easier ways to do daily tasks. For example, you may learn ways to avoid reaching, lifting, or bending. Those movements make it harder to breathe, since they use up energy and make you tighten your abdominal muscles. You may also learn how to better deal with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>, since stress can also take up energy and affect your breathing.</li> <li><strong>Breathing strategies.</strong> You will learn techniques to improve your breathing. These techniques may increase your oxygen levels, decrease how often you take breaths, and keep your airways open longer.</li> <li><strong>Psychological counseling and/or group support.</strong> It can feel scary to have trouble breathing. If you have a chronic lung disease, you are more likely to have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, or other emotional problems. Many PR programs include counseling and/or support groups. If not, your PR team may be able to refer you to an organization that offers them.</li><strong> </strong></ul><strong> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p></strong> Lungs and Breathing Surgery and Rehabilitation Rehabilitación pulmonar Lung Diseases rehabilitation Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Lung Diseases Chest Physical Therapy Lung Rehabilitation Find an Expert American Lung Association Related Issues National Jewish Health Specifics Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Jewish Health Video Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics American Lung Association Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here American Thoracic Society PDF Patient Handouts National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF Easy-to-Read NIH Infographic <p>El pénfigo vulgar es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">enfermedad autoinmunitaria</a> en la que los anticuerpos atacan a células sanas en su piel y boca, causando ampollas y llagas. No se sabe la causa de este ataque. El pénfigo no se pasa de persona a persona. Tampoco pareciera ser heredado. Pero algunas personas tienen mayor riesgo genético de contraer pénfigo.</p> <p>El pénfigo foliáceo es también una enfermedad autoinmunitaria de la piel. Genera ampollas profundas que no se rompen fácilmente. Es más común en personas mayores y puede ser fatal.</p> <p>Los médicos diagnostican el pénfigo a través de un examen físico, una biopsia y pruebas de sangre. El tratamiento para el pénfigo vulgar y foliáceo es el mismo, una o más medicinas para controlar los síntomas. Estas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">Corticoides</a>, que reducen la inflamación</li> <li>Drogas que suprimen la respuesta del sistema inmunitario</li> <li>Antibióticos para tratar las infecciones concurrentes</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Sistema inmunitario Pemphigus Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Caída de pelo <p>Usted pierde cerca de 100 pelos de su cabeza por día. Eso es normal y en la mayoría de las personas esos cabellos vuelven a crecer. Pero muchos hombres, y algunas mujeres, pierden pelo a medida que envejecen. También puede perderlo si sufre ciertas enfermedades, como problemas de la tiroides, diabetes o lupus. Si toma ciertas medicinas o está en tratamiento de quimioterapia por cáncer también puede perder pelo. Otras causas son el estrés, una dieta baja en proteínas, historia familiar o mala nutrición. </p> <p>El tratamiento para la pérdida del cabello depende de las causas. En algunos casos, tratar la causa puede solucionar el problema. Otros tratamientos incluyen medicinas o trasplante capilar. </p> Piel, cabello y uñas Hair Loss Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Problemas del cabello Alopecia Cabello, Pérdida Caída de cabello Pelo, Caída Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Pérdida de una parte del cuerpo <p>Las personas pueden perder todo o parte de un brazo o una pierna por varias razones. Las más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas con la circulación de la sangre por su cuerpo: Estos pueden ser resultado de la ateroesclerosis o la diabetes. Los casos severos pueden requerir una amputación (la extirpación quirúrgica de una extremidad)</li> <li>Lesiones, incluyendo por accidentes de tráfico y por combate militar</li> <li>Cáncer</li> <li>Defectos congénitos</li> </ul> <p>Algunos amputados sufren de dolor fantasma, la sensación de dolor en la extremidad que se perdió. Otros problemas físicos incluyen complicaciones por la cirugía y problemas de la piel, en el caso de que use una extremidad artificial. Muchos amputados utilizan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/artificiallimbs.html">extremidades artificiales</a>. Aprender a usarlas requiere tiempo. La fisioterapia puede ayudarlo a adaptarse.</p> <p>La recuperación tras perder una extremidad puede ser difícil. Es común sentir tristeza, rabia y frustración. Si está teniendo dificultades, hable con su profesional de la salud. El tratamiento con medicina o con terapia puede ayudar.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Limb Loss Prótesis de las extremidades Amputaciones Brazo, Pérdida de Lisiados Pierna, Pérdida de Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Merck & Co., Inc. Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Duelo Luto <p>El dolor por la pérdida de un ser querido es el período de sufrimiento y duelo después de una muerte. El llorar a alguien es una parte del proceso normal de reacción ante una pérdida. Usted puede experimentar el sufrimiento como una reacción mental, física, social o emocional. Las reacciones mentales pueden incluir el enojo, la culpabilidad, ansiedad, tristeza y desesperación. Las reacciones físicas pueden incluir problemas para dormir, cambios en el apetito, problemas físicos o enfermedades. </p> <p>La duración del dolor por la pérdida de un ser querido puede depender de la cercanía de la relación con la persona fallecida, si era de esperarse la muerte, y otros factores. Los amigos, los familiares y la fe pueden ser fuentes de apoyo. La orientación o la terapia para el sufrimiento también es útil para algunas personas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Salud mental y conducta Asuntos sociales y familiares Bereavement Asuntos que enfrenta el enfermo terminal Duelo Luto Muerte Pena Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Aborto espontáneo <p>Un aborto espontáneo es la pérdida del embarazo antes de la semana 20 del embarazo. La mayoría de los abortos espontáneos ocurren muy temprano en el embarazo, a menudo antes de que la mujer sepa que está embarazada. </p> <p>Las causas de los abortos espontáneos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Un problema genético del feto</li> <li>Problemas con el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinediseases.html">útero</a> o el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervixdisorders.html">cuello uterino</a> </li> <li> Enfermedades crónicas, incluyendo el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">síndrome de ovario poliquístico</a></li> </ul> <p>Los signos de un aborto espontáneo pueden incluir manchado vaginal, dolor abdominal o calambres y fluidos o tejidos que salen por la vagina. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalbleeding.html">sangrado vaginal</a> puede ser un síntoma común de un aborto espontáneo, pero muchas mujeres tienen un poco de sangrado al comienzo del embarazo sin ser un aborto espontáneo. Para estar segura, llame a su proveedor de cuidados de salud inmediatamente si presenta sangrado.</p> <p>Las mujeres que sufren un aborto espontáneo en las etapas tempranas de su embarazo en general no necesitan tratamiento. En algunos casos, tejido queda en el útero. Los médicos usan un procedimiento llamado dilatación y curetaje o medicinas para eliminar el tejido. </p> <p>La asesoría psicológica puede serle de ayuda para enfrentar el duelo. Más adelante, si decide intentar el embarazo de nuevo , trabaje junto al proveedor de atención médica para disminuir los riesgos. Muchas mujeres que pierden sus embarazos continúan teniendo bebés sanos. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo </p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Sistema reproductor femenino Miscarriage Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Parto de feto muerto Aborto espontáneo Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Síntomas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>Un pólipo es una parte de tejido adicional que crece dentro de su cuerpo. Los pólipos de colon crecen en el intestino grueso o colon. La mayoría de los pólipos no son peligrosos. Sin embargo, ciertos pólipos pueden convertirse en cancerosos o ya ser cáncer. Como medida de seguridad, los médicos extirpan los pólipos y los examinan. Los pólipos pueden ser extirpados cuando un médico examina el interior del intestino grueso durante una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">colonoscopía</a>.</p> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener pólipos, pero algunas tienen más probabilidades que otras. Usted tiene mayor probabilidad de tener pólipos si:</p> <ul> <li> Tiene más de 50 años de edad</li> <li> Ha tenido pólipos anteriormente </li> <li> Tiene un familiar con pólipos </li> <li> Tiene antecedentes de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html">cáncer de colon</a> </li> </ul> <p>La mayoría de los pólipos de colon no causan síntomas. Si tiene síntomas, éstos pueden incluir la presencia de sangre en la ropa interior o el papel higiénico después de evacuar, sangre en las heces o estreñimiento o diarrea que perdura más de una semana.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Cánceres Sistema digestivo Colonic Polyps Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cáncer del colon y del recto Colon, Pólipos del Colonoscopía y sigmoidoscopía Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer <p>Una quemadura es una lesión en los tejidos del cuerpo causada por el calor, sustancias químicas, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/electricalinjuries.html">electricidad</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">sol</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html">radiación</a>. Las escaldaduras por líquidos calientes y vapor, los incendios en edificios y los líquidos y gases inflamables son las causas más comunes de las quemaduras. Otro tipo de quemadura es la causada por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/inhalationinjuries.html">inhalación</a> de humo o partículas tóxicas.</p> <p>Existen tres tipos de quemaduras:</p> <ul> <li> Quemaduras de primer grado, que dañan solamente la capa externa de la piel </li> <li> Quemaduras de segundo grado, que dañan la capa externa y la que se encuentra por debajo de ella </li> <li>Quemaduras de tercer grado, que dañan o destruyen la capa más profunda de la piel y los tejidos que se encuentran debajo de ella</li> </ul> <p>Las quemaduras pueden causar hinchazón, ampollas, cicatrices y, en los casos más severos, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html">shock</a> e incluso la muerte. También pueden conducir a infecciones porque dañan la barrera protectora de la piel. El tratamiento de las quemaduras depende de la causa, qué tan profunda es y qué grande es el área del cuerpo afectada. Las pomadas con antibióticos pueden prevenir o tratar las infecciones. Para quemaduras más graves, es posible que se necesite tratamiento para limpiar la herida, reemplazar la piel y asegurarse que el paciente recibe suficiente líquidos y nutrición. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Generales</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Lesiones y heridas Burns Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Generales Seguridad contra incendios Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Nacional de Protección contra Incendios Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Medicamentos para tratar el cáncer Quimioterapia <h3>¿Qué es la quimioterapia para el cáncer?</h3> <p>La quimioterapia es un tipo de tratamiento contra el cáncer. Utiliza medicamentos para destruir las células cancerosas. Normalmente, las células de su cuerpo crecen y mueren de forma controlada. Las células <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cancerosas </a> siguen creciendo sin control. La quimioterapia actúa eliminando las células cancerosas, impidiendo que se propaguen o haciendo más lento su crecimiento.</p> <p>La quimioterapia se utiliza para:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Tratar el cáncer</strong> curándolo, reduciendo la posibilidad de que regrese o deteniendo o ralentizando su crecimiento</li> <li><strong>Aliviar los síntomas</strong> del cáncer al reducir los tumores que causan dolor y otros problemas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos secundarios de la quimioterapia?</h3> <p>La quimioterapia no solo destruye las células cancerosas. También puede dañar algunas células sanas, lo que provoca efectos secundarios.</p> <p>Es posible que tenga muchos efectos secundarios, sólo algunos o ninguno. Depende del tipo y la cantidad de quimioterapia que reciba y de cómo reaccione su cuerpo.</p> <p>Algunos efectos secundarios comunes son:</p> <ul> <li>Úlceras bucales</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náusea y vómitos</a></li> <li>Dolor</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hairloss.html">Pérdida de cabello</a></li> </ul> <p>Hay maneras de prevenir o controlar algunos efectos secundarios. Hable con su profesional de la salud sobre cómo manejarlos. En general, las células sanas se recuperan después de que termina la quimioterapia, por lo que la mayoría de los efectos secundarios desaparecen gradualmente.</p> <h3>¿Qué puedo esperar al recibir quimioterapia?</h3> <p>Puede recibir quimioterapia en un hospital o en su casa, en el consultorio de un médico o en una clínica médica. Es posible que le administren los medicamentos por vía oral, en una inyección, en forma de crema, a través de un catéter o por vía intravenosa.</p> <p>Su plan de tratamiento dependerá del tipo de cáncer que tenga, qué medicamentos de quimioterapia se usan, los objetivos del tratamiento y cómo responde su cuerpo a los medicamentos.</p> <p>La quimioterapia se puede administrar sola o con otros tratamientos. Puede recibir tratamiento todos los días, todas las semanas o todos los meses. Es posible que tenga descansos entre los tratamientos para que su cuerpo tenga la oportunidad de crear nuevas células saludables.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Tratamiento con medicamentos Cancer Chemotherapy Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer Terapia alternativa para el cáncer Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Hombres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Mujeres NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Eritema infeccioso <h3>¿Qué es la quinta enfermedad?</h3> <p>La quinta enfermedad, también conocida como eritema infeccioso, es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">afección viral</a> causada por el parvovirus B19. Este virus sólo infecta personas; no es el mismo tipo de parvovirus que contraen perros y gatos.</p> <p>La quinta enfermedad por lo general afecta a niños. A menudo, causa un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">sarpullido</a> color rojo brillante en las mejillas (a veces se le llama sarpullido de "mejillas abofeteadas"). </p> <p>En los Estados Unidos, las infecciones de parvovirus B19 son más comunes al final del invierno, la primavera y al principio del verano. Por lo general, hay brotes menores de la quinta enfermedad cada 3 o 4 años.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la quinta enfermedad?</h3> <p>El parvovirus B19, el cual causa la quinta enfermedad, puede transmitirse de persona a persona:</p> <ul> <li>A través de gotitas respiratorias, como saliva, esputo o fluido nasal. Las gotitas pueden propagarse cuando: <ul> <li>Alguien que tiene el virus tose o estornuda</li> <li>Usted toca la superficie de un objeto que tiene el virus</li> </ul> </li> <li>A través de la sangre o productos sanguíneos</li> <li>De una persona embarazada al bebé <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">durante el embarazo</a></li> </ul> <p>Usted es más contagioso al principio de la infección, cuando generalmente sólo tiene fiebre o síntomas parecidos al de un resfriado. Usted probablemente no sea contagioso cuando presente síntomas posteriores, como sarpullido y dolor en las articulaciones.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la quinta enfermedad?</h3> <p>Alrededor de 2 de cada 10 personas que tienen el parvovirus B19 no presentan síntomas.</p> <p>Sin embargo, la mayoría de las personas presenta síntomas de la quinta enfermedad, los cuales a menudo son leves y pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html">Dolor de garganta</a></li> <li>Sarpullido</li> <li>Dolor en las articulaciones</li> </ul> <p>El sarpullido de "mejilla abofeteada" es más común en niños. Pueden presentar el sarpullido pocos días después de haber tenido otros síntomas. El sarpullido puede extenderse a los brazos, piernas, pecho, espalda y asentaderas.</p> <p>Los adultos que contraen la quinta enfermedad también pueden presentar dolor e hinchazón en las articulaciones (llamado síndrome de poliartropatía).</p> <p>En ocasiones la infección puede causar complicaciones serias de salud que afectan los nervios, articulaciones o el sistema sanguíneo. Es más probable que esto suceda si está embarazada, tiene un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html">trastorno sanguíneo</a> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia</a> o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario debilitado</a>.</p> <p>Debido a estos riesgos para usted y posibles riesgos para su bebé, contacte a su profesional de la salud si está embarazada y:</p> <ul> <li>Muestra signos de la quinta enfermedad (o un sarpullido de "mejilla abofeteada")</li> <li>Es posible que haya sido expuesta a una persona con la infección</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la quinta enfermedad?</h3> <p>No hay una prueba de laboratorio de rutina para diagnosticar la quinta enfermedad. Los profesionales de la salud a menudo diagnostican la quinta enfermedad al ver el sarpullido de "mejilla abofeteada" y el sarpullido en el cuerpo.</p><p> </p><p>Existe una prueba para determinar si usted cuenta con protección (inmunidad) en contra del parvovirus B19 o si ha tenido la infección recientemente. Por lo general, esta prueba no es necesaria, pero su profesional de la salud puede pedirla si está embarazada o tiene un riesgo elevado de complicaciones por la afección.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la quinta enfermedad?</h3> <p>No hay un tratamiento específico para la quinta enfermedad. Con frecuencia es leve y desaparece por sí solo.</p> <p>Para sentirse mejor, descanse lo suficiente. Tomar acetaminofén puede ayudar con la fiebre y el dolor. No dé aspirina a los niños, porque puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reyesyndrome.html">síndrome de Reye</a>. Ésta es una enfermedad seria que puede afectar al cerebro y al hígado.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la quinta enfermedad?</h3> <p>No hay vacuna para prevenir la quinta enfermedad. No obstante, usted puede ayudar a protegerse a sí mismo y a otros:</p> <ul> <li>Lávese las manos con agua y con jabón a menudo</li> <li>Cúbrase la boca y nariz cuando tosa o estornude</li> <li>Evite tocarse los ojos, la nariz y la boca con las manos sucias</li> <li>Evite el contacto cercano con personas que están enfermas</li> <li>Quédese en casa cuando esté enfermo</li> </ul> <p>La mayoría de las personas obtienen inmunidad al virus después de contraerlo una vez.</p> <p class=""> Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Niños y adolescentes Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Fifth Disease Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica <p>La quiropráctica es una profesión en el campo de la salud. Los quiroprácticos realizan ajustes (manipulaciones) de la columna vertebral u otras partes del cuerpo. El objetivo es corregir problemas posturales (de postura del cuerpo), aliviar el dolor y asistir la capacidad natural del cuerpo de curarse a sí mismo. </p> <p>En la quiropráctica se pueden usar otros tratamientos como:</p><ul> <li> Calor y frío (hielo)</li> <li> Estimulación eléctrica</li> <li> Técnicas de relajación</li> <li>Ejercicios generales y de rehabilitación </li> <li>Asesoría nutricional, para adelgazar y otras sugerencias sobre el estilo de vida </li> <li>Suplementos dietarios </li> </ul> <p>Muchas personas acuden a los quiroprácticos para tratar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html">dolor de espalda</a> baja, dolor de cuello y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">dolores de cabeza</a>. </p> <p class="">NIH: Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral </p> Terapias complementarias y alternativas Chiropractic Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral Dolor de espalda Lesiones y enfermedades de la columna vertebral Medicina complementaria e integral Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica <p>Los ovarios son parte del sistema reproductor de la mujer. Generan los óvulos de una mujer y producen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonas</a> femeninas. Los quistes ováricos son sacos llenos de líquido en o sobre un ovario. Generalmente, se forman durante la ovulación, cuando el ovario libera un óvulo. Por lo general son inofensivos y desaparecen solos. La mayoría de las mujeres los tienen en algún momento de su vida. </p> <p>La mayoría de los quistes ováricos son pequeños y no causan síntomas. Es posible que las mujeres no descubran que los tienen hasta someterse a un examen pélvico. Si tiene síntomas, pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Presión</li> <li>Hinchazón</li> <li>Inflamación</li> <li>Dolor en la parte baja del abdomen, en el lado donde está ubicado el quiste</li> </ul> <p>Si su proveedor de atención médica encuentra un quiste, es posible que pueda esperar para ver si se hace más grande. Usted puede necesitar una cirugía si tiene dolor, si pasó la menopausia o si el quiste no desaparece. Si un quiste se rompe o causa sangrado, debe recibir ayuda médica de inmediato. Las píldoras anticonceptivas pueden ayudar a prevenir nuevos quistes.</p> <p>Rara vez los quistes ováricos pueden llegar a ser cancerosos. Este riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece.</p> <p>Un problema de salud que involucra quistes ováricos es el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos</a>. Las mujeres con este síndrome pueden tener altos niveles de hormonas masculinas, menstruaciones inexistentes o irregulares y pequeños quistes ováricos.</p> <p class="">Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.</p> Mujeres Sistema endocrino Sistema reproductor femenino Ovarian Cysts Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Enfermedades de los ovarios Síndrome de ovario poliquístico Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Quistes en los riñones Riñones, Quistes <p> Un quiste es un saco lleno de líquido. Existen dos tipos de quistes renales. Usted puede tener quistes renales simples a medida que envejece, los que usualmente son benignos (no cancerosos). También hay algunas enfermedades que causan quistes renales. Un tipo es la poliquistosis renal, que es hereditaria. En ésta, varios quistes crecen en los riñones. Estos pueden agrandar los riñones y hacer que funcionen mal. Cerca de la mitad de las personas con poliquistosis renal termina con una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">insuficiencia renal</a>. También causa quistes en otras partes del cuerpo, como en el hígado. </p> <p>En general, no se presentan síntomas al principio. Luego, los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor de espalda y a los costados bajos de la espalda</li> <li>Dolores de cabeza</li> <li>Sangre en la orina</li> </ul> <p>Los médicos diagnostican la poliquistosis renal con pruebas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">imágenes</a> y su historia familiar. Los tratamientos pueden ayudar con los síntomas y las complicaciones. Estos incluyen medicamentos, cambios en el estilo de vida y, cuando las personas con riñones poliquísticos desarrollan insuficiencia renal, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">diálisis</a> o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html">trasplante de riñón</a>.</p> <p>La enfermedad renal quística adquirida ocurre en personas que tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronickidneydisease.html">enfermedad renal crónica</a>, especialmente si están en diálisis. A diferencia de la poliquistosis renal, los riñones son de tamaño normal y no se forman quistes en otras partes del cuerpo. Esta enfermedad no tiene síntomas. En general, los quistes son inofensivos y no necesitan tratamiento. Si estos causan complicaciones, el tratamiento incluye medicinas, drenar los quistes o cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Riñones y sistema urinario Kidney Cysts Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades de los riñones Insuficiencia renal Trasplante de riñón Riñones, Quistes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Smoking cessation <p>Tobacco use is the most common preventable cause of death. About half of the people who don't quit <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">smoking</a> will die of smoking-related problems. Quitting smoking is important for your health.</p> <p>Soon after you quit, your circulation begins to improve, and your blood pressure starts to return to normal. Your sense of smell and taste return, and it's easier for you to breathe. In the long term, giving up tobacco can help you live longer. Your risk of getting cancer decreases with each year you stay smoke-free.</p> <p>Quitting is not easy. You may have short-term effects such as weight gain, irritability, and anxiety. Some people try several times before they succeed. There are many ways to quit smoking. Some people stop "cold turkey." Others benefit from step-by-step manuals, counseling, or medicines or products that help reduce nicotine addiction. Some people think that switching to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html">e-cigarettes</a> can help you quit smoking, but that has not been proven. Your health care provider can help you find the best way for you to quit.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Substance Use and Disorders Dejar de fumar Smoking Cessation Smoking Cessation Agents Tobacco Use Cessation Devices Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Smoking Smoking Cessation Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Lung Association Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Patient Handouts National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch PDF NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Living With National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Women Living With American Cancer Society Teenagers Nemours Foundation Video Living With American Cancer Society Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Lung Association Related Issues National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Living With National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Start Here Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Health Check Tools National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Women National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Women Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Lung Association <p>La rabia es una enfermedad animal mortal causada por un virus. Puede ocurrir entre los animales salvajes, incluyendo mapaches, zorrinos, murciélagos y zorros o en perros, gatos o animales de granja. Las personas la adquieren por la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/animalbites.html">mordedura</a> de un animal infectado. </p> <p>En las personas, los síntomas de la rabia incluyen fiebre, dolor de cabeza y fatiga, después confusión, alucinaciones y parálisis. Una vez que los síntomas comienzan, la enfermedad suele ser mortal. Una serie de vacunas puede prevenir la rabia en las personas expuestas al virus. Debe recibirlas de inmediato. Si un animal lo muerde, lávese bien la herida y luego busque atención médica. </p> <p>Para ayudar a prevenir la rabia:</p> <ul> <li> Vacune a sus mascotas. Las vacunas contra la rabia se encuentran disponibles para perros, gatos y animales de granja </li> <li>No permita que merodeen las mascotas sin su vigilancia</li> <li> No se acerque a animales desconocidos. Los animales con rabia pueden ser agresivos y feroces o estar cansados y débiles </li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Rabies Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Mordeduras de animales Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Hydrophobia <p>Rabies is a deadly animal disease caused by a virus. It can happen in wild animals, including raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes, or in dogs, cats or farm animals. People get it from the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html">bite</a> of an infected animal. </p> <p>In people, symptoms of rabies include fever, headache and fatigue, then confusion, hallucinations and paralysis. Once the symptoms begin, the disease is usually fatal. A series of shots can prevent rabies in people exposed to the virus. You need to get them right away. If an animal bites you, wash the wound well; then get medical care. </p> <p>To help prevent rabies:</p><ul> <li> Vaccinate your pet. Rabies vaccines are available for dogs, cats and farm animals</li> <li> Don't let pets roam</li> <li> Don't approach stray animals. Animals with rabies might be aggressive and vicious, or tired and weak</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Rabia Rabies Arabic Armenian Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Dari Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Italian Japanese Khmer Korean Pashto Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Animal Bites Hydrophobia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Start Here Statistics and Research World Health Organization Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Immunization Action Coalition PDF Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>Radiation is a type of energy. People are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html">exposed</a> to small amounts of radiation every day from sources such as sunlight. A radiation emergency would involve larger amounts of radiation and could be caused by:</p><ul> <li> Dirty bombs - a mix of explosives with radioactive powder</li> <li>Fallout from a nuclear bomb</li> <li> Accidental release from a nuclear reactor or a nuclear weapons plant</li> </ul> <p>A lot of radiation over a short period can cause burns or radiation sickness. If the exposure is large enough, it can cause premature aging or even death.</p> <p>Although there are no guarantees of safety during a radiation emergency, you can take actions to protect yourself. You should have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">disaster plan</a>. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html">ways to cope</a>.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Disasters Emergencias causadas por la radiación Radioactive Hazard Release Amharic Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Ukrainian Vietnamese Man-Made Disasters Learn More Federal Emergency Management Agency Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <h3>What is radiation?</h3> <p>Radiation is energy. It travels in the form of energy waves or high-speed particles. Radiation can occur naturally or be man-made. There are two types:</p><ul> <li><strong>Non-ionizing radiation,</strong> which includes radio waves, cell phones, microwaves, infrared radiation and visible light</li> <li><strong>Ionizing radiation,</strong> which includes ultraviolet radiation, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radon.html">radon</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-rays</a>, and gamma rays</li> </ul> <h3>What are the sources of radiation exposure?</h3> <p>Background radiation is all around us all the time. Most of it forms naturally from minerals. These radioactive minerals are in the ground, soil, water, and even our bodies. Background radiation can also come from outer space and the sun. Other sources are man-made, such as x-rays, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation therapy</a> to treat cancer, and electrical power lines.</p> <h3>What are the health effects of radiation exposure?</h3> <p>Radiation has been around us throughout our evolution. So our bodies are designed to deal with the low levels we're exposed to every day. But too much radiation can damage tissues by changing cell structure and damaging DNA. This can cause serious health problems, including cancer.</p> <p>The amount of damage that exposure to radiation can cause depends on several factors, including:</p><ul> <li>The type of radiation</li> <li>The dose (amount) of radiation</li> <li>How you were exposed, such as through skin contact, swallowing or breathing it in, or having rays pass through your body</li> <li>Where the radiation concentrates in the body and how long it stays there</li> <li>How sensitive your body is to radiation. A fetus is most vulnerable to the effects of radiation. Infants, children, older adults, pregnant women, and people with compromised immune systems are more vulnerable to health effects than healthy adults.</li> </ul> <p>Being exposed to a lot of radiation over a short period of time, such as from a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationemergencies.html">radiation emergency</a>, can cause skin <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html">burns</a>. It may also lead to acute radiation syndrome (ARS, or "radiation sickness"). The symptoms of ARS include headache and diarrhea. They usually start within hours. Those symptoms will go away and the person will seem healthy for a little while. But then they will get sick again. How soon they get sick again, which symptoms they have, and how sick they get depends on the amount of radiation they received. In some cases, ARS causes death in the following days or weeks.</p> <p>Exposure to low levels of radiation in the environment does not cause immediate health effects. But it can slightly increase your overall risk of cancer.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for acute radiation sickness?</h3> <p>Before they start treatment, health care professionals need to figure out how much radiation your body absorbed. They will ask about your symptoms, do blood tests, and may use a device that measures radiation. They also try get more information about the exposure, such as what type of radiation it was, how far away you were from the source of the radiation, and how long you were exposed.</p> <p>Treatment focuses on reducing and treating infections, preventing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydration</a>, and treating injuries and burns. Some people may need treatments that help the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowdiseases.html">bone marrow</a> recover its function. If you were exposed to certain types of radiation, your provider may give you a treatment that limits or removes the contamination that is inside your body. You may also get treatments for your symptoms.</p> <h3>How can radiation exposure be prevented?</h3> <p>There are steps you can take to prevent or reduce radiation exposure:</p><ul> <li>If your health care provider recommends a test that uses radiation, ask about its risks and benefits. In some cases, you may be able to have a different test that does not use radiation. But if you do need a test that uses radiation, do some research into the local imaging facilities. Find one that monitors and uses techniques to reduce the doses they are giving patients.</li> <li>Reduce <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/electromagneticfields.html">electromagnetic radiation</a> exposure from your cell phone. At this time, scientific evidence has not found a link between cell phone use and health problems in humans. More research is needed to be sure. But if you still have concerns, you can reduce how much time you spend on your phone. You can also use speaker mode or a headset to place more distance between your head and the cell phone.</li> <li>If you live in a house, test the radon levels, and if you need to, get a radon reduction system.</li> <li>During a radiation emergency, get inside a building to take shelter. Stay inside, with all of the windows and doors shut. Stay tuned to and follow the advice of emergency responders and officials.</li> </ul> <p class="">Environmental Protection Agency</p> Injuries and Wounds Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Exposición a la radiación Environmental Exposure Radiation Radiation Exposure Amharic Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Hmong Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Ukrainian Vietnamese National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Electromagnetic Fields Radiation Emergencies Radiation Therapy Radon Sun Exposure Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Food and Drug Administration Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Related Issues American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues American Thyroid Association PDF Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Start Here Environmental Protection Agency PDF Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Related Issues American Cancer Society Specifics Health Physics Society PDF Specifics American Heart Association Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Children Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Teenagers Environmental Protection Agency Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Food and Drug Administration Brachytherapy Radiotherapy <p>Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment. It uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and stop them from spreading. About half of all cancer patients receive it. The radiation may be external, from special machines, or internal, from radioactive substances that a doctor places inside your body. The type of radiation therapy you receive depends on many factors, including:</p><ul> <li>The type of cancer</li> <li>The size of the cancer</li> <li>The cancer's location in the body</li> <li>How close the cancer is to normal tissues that are sensitive to radiation</li> <li>How far into the body the radiation needs to travel</li> <li>Your general health and medical history</li> <li>Whether you will have other types of cancer treatment</li> <li>Other factors, such as your age and other medical conditions</li> </ul> <p>Radiation therapy can damage normal cells as well as cancer cells. Treatment must be carefully planned to minimize side effects. Common side effects include skin changes and fatigue. Other side effects depend on the part of your body being treated.</p> <p>Sometimes radiation is used with other treatments, like surgery or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a>. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Surgery and Rehabilitation Radioterapia Radiotherapy Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Diagnostic Imaging Brachytherapy Radiosurgery Radiotherapy Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American College of Radiology Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Start Here American Cancer Society Easy-to-Read Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Terapia de radiación <p>La radioterapia es un tratamiento contra el cáncer. Utiliza dosis altas de radiación para matar las células cancerosas y detener su propagación. Cerca de la mitad de todos los pacientes de cáncer la reciben. La radiación puede ser externa, de máquinas especiales, o interna, a partir de sustancias radioactivas que un médico coloca dentro de su cuerpo. El tipo de radioterapia que recibirá depende de muchos factores, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>El tipo de cáncer</li> <li>El tamaño del cáncer</li> <li>La ubicación del cáncer en el cuerpo</li> <li>Qué tan cerca está el cáncer a los tejidos normales sensibles a la radiación</li> <li>Hasta dónde en el cuerpo la radiación debe llegar</li> <li>Su estado general de salud y su historia médica</li> <li>Si usted va a tener otros tipos de tratamiento contra el cáncer</li> <li>Otros factores, como su edad y otras afecciones médicas</li> </ul> <p>La terapia de radiación puede dañar las células normales y las células cancerosas. El tratamiento debe ser planeado con cuidado para minimizar los efectos secundarios. Los efectos secundarios comunes incluyen cambios en la piel y fatiga. Otros efectos secundarios dependen de la parte del cuerpo a tratar.</p> <p>A veces, la radiación se utiliza con otros tratamientos, como la cirugía o la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a>. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Cirugía y rehabilitación Radiation Therapy Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Diagnóstico por imágenes Radiación, Terapia de Terapia de radiación Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Especialistas Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <h3>What is radon?</h3> <p>Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas. It is invisible and has no odor or taste. It comes from the normal decay of uranium and thorium. These are two chemical elements that can be found in soil, rock, and groundwater. Radon breaks down quickly, giving off radioactive particles. Over time, breathing in high levels of these particles can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html">lung cancer</a>.</p> <h3>How would I be exposed to radon?</h3> <p>Outdoors, there are low levels of radon in the air. But radon can also be indoors. It can enter homes and buildings through cracks in the floors, walls, or foundations. Certain building materials can give off radon. And sometimes radon gets inside through well water.</p> <p>Radon levels can be higher in homes and buildings that are well insulated, tightly sealed, and/or built on soil that has a lot of uranium and thorium. Basements and first floors usually have the highest radon levels because they are closer to the ground.</p> <h3>How does radon cause lung cancer?</h3> <p>When you breathe in radon, its radioactive decay products can get trapped in your lungs. They can damage the cells that line your lungs. Over time, it can lead to lung cancer. It may take years before this happens.</p> <p>Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer deaths after <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">cigarette smoking</a>. If you smoke and are exposed to radon, your risk of lung cancer is much higher than if you did not smoke. Most radon-related cancer deaths happen in smokers.</p> <h3>How do I know if my home has high levels of radon?</h3> <p>Testing is the only way to know if there are high levels of radon in your home. You should test your home's radon levels:</p> <ul> <li>If it's never been tested or the radon levels are unknown</li> <li>When preparing to buy or sell your house</li> <li>Before and after any renovations, especially after making any repairs to reduce radon levels</li> <li>Before making any lifestyle changes in the home that would cause someone to spend more time in the basement or lower level (such as converting a basement to a bedroom)</li> </ul> <p>Testing is fairly inexpensive and easy to do. You can buy a test kit at most hardware stores or hire someone to do a test. It's a good idea to first contact a state or local radon official for advice. They can explain the differences between testing devices and recommend the most appropriate test for your needs. They can also give you a list of qualified radon testers.</p> <p>There are both long- and short-term test kits:</p> <ul> <li>Short-term kits measure radon for 2-90 days for quick results</li> <li>Long-term kits measure radon in your home for over 90 days</li> </ul> <p>Radon levels can vary from day to day and month to month. So a long-term test will give a better estimate of your average radon level.</p> <h3>How can I lower the radon level in my home?</h3> <p>If the testing shows that you have an unsafe level of radon in your home, you can have a radon reduction system installed. It can bring the amount of radon down to a safe level. The cost of the system will depend on the size and design of your home.</p> <p>You can also take some other steps to reduce radon levels in your home:</p> <ul> <li>Increase air flow in your house by opening windows and using fans and vents to circulate air. But this will only temporarily reduce the radon levels.</li> <li>Seal cracks in floors and walls with plaster, caulk, or other materials designed for this purpose.</li> <li>After any fixes, monitor the radon levels to make sure that they are lower.</li> </ul> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Radón Radon Spanish National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Learn More National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Environmental Protection Agency PDF Journal Articles Learn More Environmental Protection Agency Learn More National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Learn More National Cancer Institute NIH Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Video Find an Expert Environmental Protection Agency Learn More Environmental Protection Agency <h3>¿Qué es el radón?</h3> <p>El radón es un gas radiactivo que se produce de forma natural. Es invisible y no tiene olor ni sabor. Proviene de la descomposición normal del uranio y el torio. Estos son dos elementos químicos que se encuentran en el suelo, las rocas y las aguas subterráneas. El radón se descompone rápidamente y emite partículas radiactivas. Con el tiempo, respirar altos niveles de estas partículas puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungcancer.html">cáncer de pulmón</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo podría estar expuesto al radón?</h3> <p>En el exterior, hay niveles bajos de radón en el aire. Pero el radón también puede se puede encontrar en el interior. Puede entrar en las casas y los edificios a través de grietas en pisos, paredes o cimientos. Ciertos materiales de construcción pueden emitir radón. Y, a veces, el radón entra a través del agua de pozo. Los niveles de radón pueden ser más altos en las casas y los edificios que están bien aislados, herméticamente sellados o construidos sobre suelo con mucho uranio y torio. Los sótanos y los primeros pisos suelen tener los niveles más altos de radón porque están más cerca del suelo.</p> <h3>¿Cómo el radón puede causar cáncer de pulmón?</h3> <p>Cuando inhala radón, los productos de desintegración radiactiva pueden quedar atrapados en sus pulmones y dañar las células que los recubren. Con el tiempo, puede ocasionar cáncer de pulmón. Pueden pasar años antes de que esto suceda.</p> <p>El radón es la segunda causa principal de muerte por cáncer de pulmón después del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">tabaquismo</a>. Si fuma y está expuesto al radón, su riesgo de cáncer de pulmón es mucho mayor que si no fumara. La mayoría de las muertes por cáncer relacionadas con el radón se producen en fumadores.</p> <h3>¿Cómo saber si mi casa tiene niveles altos de radón?</h3> <p>La única forma de saber si hay niveles altos de radón en su casa es mediante pruebas. Usted debe medir los niveles de radón de su casa:</p> <ul> <li>Si nunca se han analizado o no conoce los niveles de radón</li> <li>Cuando se prepare para comprar o vender su casa</li> <li>Antes y después de cualquier renovación, especialmente después de realizar reparaciones para reducir los niveles de radón</li> <li>Antes de realizar cualquier cambio relacionados con el estilo de vida en la casa que haga que una persona pase más tiempo en el sótano o en el nivel inferior (como convertir un sótano en un dormitorio)</li> </ul> <p>La prueba es bastante económica y fácil de hacer. Puede comprar un kit de prueba en la mayoría de las ferreterías o contratar a alguien para que haga la prueba. Es una buena idea contactar primero a un funcionario estatal o local de radón para obtener asesoramiento. Ellos pueden explicar las diferencias entre los dispositivos de prueba y recomendar la prueba más adecuada para sus necesidades. También puede entregar una lista de probadores de radón certificados.</p> <p>Existen kits de prueba de corto y largo plazo:</p> <ul> <li>Los kits de corto plazo miden el radón durante dos a 90 días para obtener resultados rápidos</li> <li>Los kits de largo plazo miden el radón en su hogar durante más de 90 días</li> </ul> <p>Los niveles de radón pueden variar de un día a otro y de un mes a otro. Por ello, una prueba de largo plazo brindará una mejor estimación de su nivel promedio de radón.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo reducir el nivel de radón en mi hogar?</h3> <p>Si la prueba muestra que tiene un nivel peligroso de radón en su hogar, puede instalar un sistema de reducción de radón. Este puede bajar la cantidad de radón a un nivel seguro. El costo del sistema dependerá del tamaño y el diseño de su hogar.</p> <p>También puede tomar otras medidas para bajar los niveles de radón en su hogar:</p> <ul> <li>Aumente el flujo de aire en su hogar abriendo las ventanas y usando ventiladores y rejillas de ventilación para que circule el aire. Sin embargo, esto solo reducirá temporalmente los niveles de radón</li> <li>Selle las grietas en pisos y paredes con yeso, masilla u otros materiales diseñados para este propósito</li> <li>Después de cualquier reparación, mida los niveles de radón para asegurarse de que sean más bajos</li> </ul> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Radon Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades <p>El raquitismo causa huesos blandos y débiles en los niños. Suele ocurrir cuando no reciben <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminddeficiency.html">suficiente vitamina D</a>, que ayuda a los huesos en crecimiento a absorber los minerales calcio y fósforo. También puede ocurrir cuando los niveles de calcio y fósforo están bajos. </p> <p>Su hijo puede que no reciba suficiente vitamina D si:</p> <ul> <li> Tiene piel oscura</li> <li> Pasa muy poco tiempo al aire libre</li> <li> Utiliza protector solar todo el tiempo al aire libre </li> <li> No consume alimentos que contienen vitamina D por intolerancia a la lactosa o por una dieta vegetariana estricta </li> <li> Se alimenta por medio de la lactancia materna sin recibir suplementos con vitamina D </li> <li> No puede producir ni utilizar la vitamina D debido a un trastorno clínico, como la enfermedad celíaca </li> </ul> <p>Además del raquitismo debido a la alimentación, los niños pueden tener una forma hereditaria de la enfermedad. Los síntomas incluyen dolor o sensibilidad de los huesos, problemas de crecimiento y deformidades en huesos y dientes. El médico de su hijo usará exámenes de laboratorio y de imagen para el diagnóstico. El tratamiento consiste en reemplazar el calcio, fósforo o vitamina D que hace falta en la dieta. El raquitismo es raro en Estados Unidos. </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Problemas del metabolismo Rickets Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>A rare disease is one that affects fewer than 200,000 people in the United States. There are nearly 7,000 rare diseases. More than 25 million Americans have one.</p> <p>Rare diseases:</p><ul> <li>May involve chronic illness, disability, and often premature death</li> <li>Often have no treatment or not very effective treatment</li> <li>Are frequently not diagnosed correctly</li> <li>Are often very complex</li> <li>Are often caused by changes in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genes</a></li> </ul> <p>It can be hard to find a specialist who knows how to treat your rare disease. Disease advocacy groups, rare disease organizations, and genetics clinics may help you to find one.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institutes of Health</p> Genetics/Birth Defects Symptoms Enfermedades raras Rare Diseases Spanish Learn More National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Learn More National Human Genome Research Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Learn More Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Learn More National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Journal Articles Learn More Food and Drug Administration NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Dermatitis Skin rash <p>A rash is an area of irritated or swollen skin. Many rashes are itchy, red, painful, and irritated. Some rashes can also lead to blisters or patches of raw skin. Rashes are a symptom of many different medical problems. Other causes include irritating substances and allergies. Certain genes can make people more likely to get rashes.</p> <p>Contact dermatitis is a common type of rash. It causes redness, itching, and sometimes small bumps. You get the rash where you have touched an irritant, such as a chemical, or something you are allergic to, like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/poisonivyoakandsumac.html">poison ivy</a>.</p> <p>Some rashes develop right away. Others form over several days. Although most rashes clear up fairly quickly, others are long-lasting and need long-term treatment.</p> <p>Because rashes can be caused by many different things, it's important to figure out what kind you have before you treat it. If it is a bad rash, if it does not go away, or if you have other symptoms, you should see your health care provider. Treatments may include moisturizers, lotions, baths, cortisone creams that relieve swelling, and antihistamines, which relieve itching.</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Sarpullido Exanthema Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Allergy Eczema Latex Allergy Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac Skin Conditions Contact Dermatitis Dermatitis Diaper Rash Skin Rash Images VisualDX Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children VisualDX Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children VisualDX Images VisualDX Children VisualDX Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Dermatology Images VisualDX Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Start Here VisualDX Children VisualDX Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology PDF NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Test Your Knowledge American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Images VisualDX Children VisualDX Raynaud's disease Raynaud's syndrome <h3>What is Raynaud phenomenon? </h3> <p>Raynaud phenomenon is a condition that affects your blood vessels (the tubes that your blood flows through). It causes your blood vessels to narrow, which decreases blood flow. This is called a Raynaud episode or "attack." The attacks usually affect your fingers and toes, causing them to become cold and numb. They may also change color, usually to white or blue. These attacks happen in response to cold temperatures or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>.</p> <p>Raynaud phenomenon may also be called Raynaud disease or Raynaud syndrome.</p> <h3>What are the types of Raynaud phenomenon?</h3> <p>There are two types of Raynaud phenomenon:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Primary Raynaud phenomenon</strong> is the more common type. Its cause is unknown.</li> <li><strong>Secondary Raynaud phenomenon</strong> is usually caused by another disease or problem, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html">lupus</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scleroderma.html">scleroderma</a>. Other causes may be exposure to cold or certain chemicals. The type can be more serious than the primary type.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes Raynaud phenomenon?</h3> <p>Researchers don't know exactly why some people develop Raynaud phenomenon. But they do understand how the attacks happen. When you are exposed to cold, your body tries to slow the loss of heat and maintain its temperature. To do this, the blood vessels in the top layer of your skin constrict (narrow). This moves blood from those vessels near the surface to vessels deeper in the body. But when you have Raynaud phenomenon, the blood vessels in your hands and feet react to cold or stress by narrowing quickly. They also stay narrowed for a long time.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop Raynaud phenomenon? </h3> <p>Anyone can develop Raynaud phenomenon, but some people are more likely to develop it:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Primary Raynaud phenomenon</strong> has been linked to: <ul> <li><strong>Your sex.</strong> Women get it more often than men.</li> <li><strong>Your age.</strong> It usually develops in people younger than age 30. It often starts in the teenage years.</li> <li><strong>A family history of Raynaud phenomenon.</strong> You are more likely to develop Raynaud phenomenon if you have a family member who has it.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Secondary Raynaud phenomenon</strong> has been linked to: <ul> <li><strong>Certain diseases.</strong> These include lupus, scleroderma, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html">rheumatoid arthritis</a> (RA), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html">carpal tunnel syndrome</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/connectivetissuedisorders.html">connective tissue disorders</a>.</li> <li><strong>Certain medicines.</strong> Medicines that treat <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html">high blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html">migraines</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html">attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</a> (ADHD) may cause similar symptoms to Raynaud phenomenon or make your symptoms worse.</li> <li><strong>Work-related exposures,</strong> such as repeated use of vibrating machinery (such as a jackhammer), or exposure to cold or certain chemicals.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of Raynaud phenomenon?</h3> <p>Raynaud attacks most often happen when you get cold, for example when you grab something cold from the freezer or go into an air-conditioned building on a warm day. Attacks usually affect your fingers and toes. But sometimes they can affect other parts of your body, such as your ears, nose, lips, or nipples.</p> <p>An attack causes the skin to become cold and numb. Your skin may also turn white or blue due to a lack of oxygen. As the blood flow returns, your skin may tingle, throb, or turn red. An attack may last a few minutes or a few hours. If you have darker skin, you may not be able to easily see the skin color changes.</p> <p>For many people, especially those with the primary type, the symptoms are mild. People with the secondary type often have more severe symptoms. They may develop skin ulcers (open sores caused by poor blood flow) or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html">skin infections</a>.</p> <h3>How is Raynaud phenomenon diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no specific test to diagnose Raynaud phenomenon. To find out if you have it, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will take your medical history and ask about your symptoms.</li> <li>Will do a physical exam.</li> <li>May order blood and other lab tests to check for other conditions which could be causing your symptoms and/or to help decide which type of Raynaud phenomenon you have.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for Raynaud phenomenon?</h3> <p>Most people with Raynaud phenomenon can keep their symptoms under control by avoiding getting cold. But if this is not enough, medicines and, in some cases, surgical procedures can help.</p> <p>Secondary Raynaud phenomenon is more likely to be serious and to need more treatments. It's also important to treat the condition or problem that is causing your Raynaud phenomenon. </p> <p>You may need to see a specialist such as a rheumatologist, a doctor who treats diseases of the joints, muscles, and bones.</p> <h3>Can Raynaud phenomenon be prevented?</h3> <p>Raynaud phenomenon cannot be prevented, but you can help prevent attacks and manage your symptoms by:</p> <ul> <li>Placing your hands or feet in a warm place when you have an attack. This could mean putting them under warm (not hot) water or under a heating pad.</li> <li>Keeping your body, especially your hands and feet, warm in cold weather.</li> <li>Avoiding triggers, such as certain medicines and stress.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">Quitting smoking</a> (or not starting smoking).</li> <li>Managing stress.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Symptoms Fenómeno de Raynaud Raynaud Disease Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Raynaud's Disease Raynaud's Syndrome Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Radiografías <p>Los rayos X son un tipo de radiación llamada ondas electromagnéticas. Las imágenes de rayos X muestran el interior de su cuerpo en diferentes tonos de blanco y negro. Esto es debido a que diferentes tejidos absorben diferentes cantidades de radiación. El calcio en los huesos absorbe la mayoría de los rayos X, por lo que los huesos se ven blancos. La grasa y otros tejidos blandos absorben menos, y se ven de color gris. El aire absorbe la menor cantidad, por lo que los pulmones se ven negros. </p> <p>El uso más común de los rayos X es para ver <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturas</a> (huesos rotos), pero también se utilizan para otros usos. Por ejemplo, las radiografías de tórax pueden detectar neumonía. Las mamografías utilizan rayos X para detectar el cáncer de mama.</p> <p>Cuando a usted le sacan una radiografía, es posible que deba usar un delantal de plomo para proteger algunas partes de su cuerpo. La cantidad de radiación que recibe de una radiografía es pequeña. Por ejemplo, una radiografía de tórax expone a una dosis de radiación similar a la cantidad que está naturalmente expuesto del ambiente por un periodo de 10 días. </p> Pruebas de diagnóstico X-Rays Diagnóstico por imágenes Tomografía computarizada Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Mujeres Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica RCP Reanimación cardiorrespiratoria Reanimación cardíaca Resucitación cardiopulmonar <p>Cuando la circulación de la sangre o la respiración de una persona se detienen, cada segundo cuenta. El daño cerebral permanente o la muerte pueden ocurrir rápidamente. Si usted sabe hacer resucitación cardiopulmonar (RCP), puede salvar una vida. La RCP es un procedimiento de emergencia para una persona cuyo corazón se ha detenido (llamado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suddencardiacarrest.html">paro cardíaco súbito</a>) o para quien no se encuentra respirando. La RCP puede mantener la circulación y la respiración hasta la llegada de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emergencymedicalservices.html">ayuda médica de emergencia</a>.</p> <p>Siga estos pasos si una persona está en paro cardíaco:</p> <ul> <li>Llame al 911</li> <li>Si hay alguien más cerca, pídale que busque un desfibrilador externo automático (DEA). Un DEA es un dispositivo que envía una descarga eléctrica al corazón para intentar restaurar su ritmo normal. Los DEA están disponibles en muchos lugares públicos, como escuelas, empresas y aeropuertos</li> <li>Asegúrese que la persona en paro cardíaco se encuentra de espaldas sobre una superficie sólida</li> <li>Si no tiene entrenamiento en RCP, puede hacer RCP "solo con las manos" para un adolescente o adulto cuyo corazón ha dejado de latir (no se recomienda la RCP "solo con las manos" para los niños). La RCP "solo con las manos" usa compresiones en el tórax para mantener la sangre circulando. Las compresiones torácicas implican empujar fuerte y rápido en el centro del pecho</li> <li>Si ha recibido capacitación, puede usar compresiones torácicas, abrir las vías respiratorias y hacer respiración boca a boca. La respiración boca a boca ayuda a llevar oxígeno a los pulmones de una persona que ha dejado de respirar. Para mantenerse actualizado en las técnicas de RCP, repita su capacitación cada dos años</li> <li>Si está disponible, use el desfibrilador automático lo antes posible</li> </ul> Sangre, corazón y circulación Lesiones y heridas CPR Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Fallo cardíaco Primeros auxilios Comience aquí Spanish/Español Universidad de Washington, Facultad de Medicina Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Adultos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Reconstitución de la mama Reconstitución del pecho Reconstitución del seno <p>Si usted necesita una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mastectomy.html">mastectomía</a>, tiene la opción de someterse a una cirugía o no para reconstruir la forma del seno. Si elige no someterse a la operación, puede optar por usar una prótesis (aparato o dispositivo que simula la forma del seno), usar rellenos dentro del brasier o sostén o no hacer nada. Todas estas opciones tienen sus ventajas y desventajas y lo que es bueno para una mujer puede no serlo para otra. </p> <p>La reconstrucción del seno puede hacerse al mismo tiempo que la mastectomía o más tarde. Si parte de su tratamiento es radioterapia, su doctor puede sugerirle realizar la reconstrucción más adelante cuando termine con la terapia. </p> <p>Si está pensando en la reconstrucción, hable con un cirujano plástico antes de la mastectomía, aún si planea esperar para la reconstrucción. </p> <p> Un cirujano puede reconstruir una mama de diferentes maneras. Algunas mujeres eligen implantes mamarios, que están rellenos de solución salina o gel de silicona. Otro método es usar su propio tejido extraído de otra parte del cuerpo. El cirujano plástico puede extraer piel, músculo y grasa de la parte baja del abdomen, espalda o cola. </p> <p> El mejor método dependerá de su edad, tipo de cuerpo y el tipo de cirugía que haya tenido. Un cirujano plástico puede ayudarle con la decisión. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Mujeres Cirugía y rehabilitación Sistema reproductor femenino Breast Reconstruction Cirugía plástica y cosmética Cáncer de seno Enfermedades del seno Más información Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer <p>The rectum is the lower part of your large intestine where your body stores stool. Problems with the rectum are common. They include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html">hemorrhoids</a>, abscesses, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bowelincontinence.html">incontinence</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html">cancer</a>.</p> <p> Many people are embarrassed to talk about rectal troubles. But seeing your doctor about problems in this area is important. This is especially true if you have pain or bleeding. Treatments vary depending on the particular problem. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Enfermedades rectales Rectal Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Anal Disorders Bowel Incontinence Bowel Movement Colorectal Cancer Digestive Diseases Hemorrhoids Proctitis Rectocele Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Find an Expert American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Specifics American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women American College of Gastroenterology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Diagnosis and Tests American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Rehabilitación de un ataque cerebrovascular Rehabilitación después de un ACV <p>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">ataque cerebrovascular</a> puede causar daño cerebral permanente. Las personas que sobreviven a un derrame cerebral necesitan volver a aprender las habilidades que perdieron.</p> <p>Los efectos del ataque cerebral dependen del área del cerebro dañada. Los tipos de discapacidades que pueden causar los ataques cerebrales incluyen:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html">Parálisis</a> o problemas de control del movimiento</li> <li>Dolor u otros problemas con los sentidos</li> <li>Problemas para usar o entender lo que se le <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aphasia.html">dice</a></li> <li>Alteraciones emocionales</li> </ul> <p> La recuperación de un ataque cerebral involucra a varios profesionales de la salud. El objetivo es ayudar a los sobrevivientes de un ataque cerebral a ser lo más independiente posible y a tener la mejor calidad de vida que se pueda.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Cirugía y rehabilitación Stroke Rehabilitation Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Accidente cerebrovascular Afasia ACV, Recuperación Ataque cerebral, Recuperación Derrame cerebral, Recuperación Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana del Corazón Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Artroplastia de cadera <p>El reemplazo de cadera es una cirugía para personas con daños severos en la cadera. La razón más común para esta operación es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html">osteoartritis</a>. La osteoartritis causa dolor, hinchazón y reduce la movilidad de las articulaciones. Esto puede interferir con sus actividades cotidianas. Si otros tratamientos como la fisioterapia, analgésicos o ejercicio no ayudaron, una cirugía de reemplazo de cadera puede ser una opción. </p> <p>En un reemplazo de la cadera, el cirujano retira el cartílago y el hueso de la articulación de la cadera que están lesionados y los reemplaza con piezas nuevas artificiales. </p> <p>Este procedimiento puede:</p><ul> <li>Aliviar el dolor</li> <li>Ayudar a que su cadera funcione mejor</li> <li>Mejorar el caminar y otros movimientos</li> </ul> <p>El problema más común después de una cirugía es la dislocación de la cadera. Debido a que la cadera artificial es más pequeña que la articulación original, puede salirse de la cavidad. La cirugía también puede causar coágulos sanguíneos e infecciones. Después de un reemplazo de la cadera, es necesario evitar algunas actividades, como correr y los deportes de alto impacto. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Cirugía y rehabilitación Hip Replacement Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Lesiones y enfermedades de la cadera Cadera, Reemplazo Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Artroplastia de rodilla <h3>¿Qué es un reemplazo de rodilla?</h3> <p>El reemplazo de rodilla es una cirugía para cambiar partes de la articulación de la rodilla con partes artificiales nuevas. Es posible que necesite un reemplazo de rodilla si tiene una lesión que le cause dolor intenso y dificultad para realizar sus actividades diarias, como caminar y subir escaleras. Por lo general, se realiza cuando otros tratamientos para el dolor de rodilla no han ayudado lo suficiente. El objetivo de un reemplazo de rodilla es aliviar el dolor y ayudarle a moverse mejor.</p> <p>Personas de todas las edades pueden someterse a un reemplazo de rodilla, pero es más común en personas mayores. La decisión de someterse a una cirugía se basa en su estado de salud general y en cuánto le molesta la rodilla.</p> <h3>¿Qué problemas trata el reemplazo de rodilla?</h3> <p>La cirugía de reemplazo de rodilla trata afecciones que causan el desgaste del cartílago de la articulación de la rodilla. Éstas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoartritis</a> de rodilla</strong>: La razón más común para la cirugía de reemplazo de rodilla. Por lo general, se desarrolla con el tiempo después de una lesión o por el envejecimiento</li> <li>Daño de rodilla por otros tipos de<strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">artritis</a></strong></li> <li><strong>Problemas de las articulaciones de la rodilla</strong> que no se formaron correctamente</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué sucede durante un reemplazo de rodilla?</h3> <p>Durante la cirugía, un cirujano extrae el cartílago dañado y algo de hueso de la superficie de la articulación de la rodilla. El cartílago es tejido que cubre los huesos en el lugar donde se unen. El cartílago sano es suave y ayuda a que los huesos se deslicen entre sí cuando se mueven. Cuando el cartílago se vuelve áspero y se desgasta, los huesos frotan entre sí, causando dolor.</p> <p>Después de extraer el cartílago y el hueso de la rodilla dañado, el cirujano coloca las partes artificiales en los huesos. Las partes artificiales están hechas de metal y plástico, entregando a su rodilla superficies nuevas y suaves.</p> <p>La cirugía de reemplazo de rodilla puede reemplazar todas las partes dañadas de su rodilla (reemplazo total de rodilla) o solo una parte de su rodilla (reemplazo parcial de rodilla). En un reemplazo total de rodilla, el cirujano reemplaza 3 superficies:</p> <ul> <li>El final de la tibia</li> <li>El final del fémur</li> <li>La parte posterior de la rótula</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué ocurre después de la cirugía de reemplazo de rodilla?</h3> <p>Algunas personas se van a casa el mismo día de la cirugía. Otras permanecen en el hospital unos días. Para ayudar a prevenir los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulos de sangre</a>, lo más probable es que tome <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">anticoagulantes</a> y use medias especiales o cubiertas en las piernas durante un tiempo breve después de la operación.</p> <p>El éxito de su cirugía depende en gran medida de lo que haga en casa para recuperarse. Un fisioterapeuta le enseñará ejercicios para fortalecer su rodilla y ayudarla a doblarla. Es importante hacer estos ejercicios con regularidad. Es posible que deba usar un bastón o un andador durante varias semanas después de la operación. Es probable que pasen varias semanas antes de que pueda conducir. Su profesional de la salud le dirá cuándo puede empezar a conducir de nuevo.</p> <p>La mayoría de las personas que siguen las instrucciones de recuperación pueden volver a casi todas sus actividades diarias normales dentro de las 3 a 6 semanas siguientes a la cirugía.</p> <h3>¿Cómo es la vida después de un reemplazo de rodilla?</h3> <p>Después de recuperarse de la cirugía, la mayoría de las personas pueden moverse mejor y con menos dolor que antes de la cirugía. Pero tener una rodilla artificial no es lo mismo que tener una rodilla normal y sana.</p> <p>Para proteger su nueva rodilla, usted debe:</p> <ul> <li>Mantener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">peso saludable</a></li> <li>Hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física con regularidad</a></li> <li>No realizar actividades de alto impacto, como trotar, correr y saltar. En su lugar, puede probar actividades de bajo impacto que sean buenas para la rodilla, como caminar, andar en bicicleta y nadar</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los riesgos del reemplazo de rodilla?</h3> <p>La probabilidad de tener problemas después de un reemplazo de rodilla es baja. Pero existen riesgos después de cualquier operación. Los posibles problemas después de la cirugía de reemplazo de rodilla incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Infección</li> <li>Coágulos de sangre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">Ataque al corazón</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Accidente cerebrovascular</a></li> <li>Daño en los nervios</li> <li>Cicatrices que limitan hasta dónde puede doblar la rodilla</li> </ul> <p>Su edad, su estado de salud general y su nivel de actividad pueden afectar su riesgo de tener un problema después de un reemplazo de rodilla.</p> <h3>¿Cuánto dura un reemplazo de rodilla?</h3> <p>Un reemplazo de rodilla no dura para siempre. Después de 15 a 20 años, las partes artificiales de la rodilla pueden aflojarse o desgastarse. Si eso ocurre, es posible que necesite otra cirugía en la misma rodilla.</p> <p>Si está pensando en someterse a un reemplazo de rodilla, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre sus riesgos y beneficios. Juntos pueden decidir si un reemplazo de rodilla es adecuado para usted.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Cirugía y rehabilitación Knee Replacement Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Lesiones y enfermedades de la rodilla Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Acidez crónica <p>El esófago es un tubo que transporta la comida desde la boca hasta el estómago. La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) ocurre cuando un músculo al final del esófago no se cierra adecuadamente. Eso permite que el contenido del estómago regrese, o haga reflujo, hacia el esófago y lo irrite. </p> <p>Usted puede sentir una sensación de ardor en el pecho o la garganta denominada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html">acidez</a>. Algunas veces se puede sentir el sabor del líquido del estómago en la parte posterior de la boca. Si tiene estos síntomas más de dos veces a la semana, es posible que tenga ERGE. También puede tener ERGE sin tener acidez estomacal. Los síntomas pueden incluir tos seca, síntomas de asma o problemas para tragar. </p> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener ERGE, incluso los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxininfants.html">bebés</a> y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/refluxinchildren.html">niños</a>. Si no se trata, puede conducir a problemas de salud más serios. En algunos casos, se requieren medicinas o cirugía. Sin embargo, muchas personas pueden mejorar sus síntomas si:</p><ul> <li> Evitan las bebidas alcohólicas y las comidas condimentadas, grasosas o ácidas que desencadenan la acidez </li> <li> Comen menos porciones en las comidas </li> <li> No comen antes de acostarse </li> <li> Pierden peso, cuando es necesario </li> <li> Visten con ropa holgada </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo GERD Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Acidez estomacal Enfermedades del esófago Hernia de hiato Barrett, Esófago de ERGE GERD Pirosis Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos Gastrointestinales Endoscópicos Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Gastroenterología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH <h3>¿Qué es el reflujo y la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE)?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html">esófago</a> es un tubo que lleva el alimento de su boca al estómago. Si su hijo tiene reflujo, el alimento en su estómago vuelve al esófago. </p> <p>Por otra parte, la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) es un tipo de reflujo más grave y duradero. Si su bebé no puede alimentarse o el reflujo dura más de 12 a 14 meses, puede ser que tenga ERGE.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el reflujo y la ERGE en los bebés?</h3> <p>Existe un músculo (el esfínter esofágico inferior) que actúa como una válvula entre el esófago y el estómago. Cuando su bebé traga, este músculo se relaja para permitir que los alimentos pasen del esófago al estómago. Por lo general, este músculo permanece cerrado y el contenido del estómago no regresa al esófago.</p> <p>En los bebés que tienen reflujo, el músculo del esfínter esofágico inferior no está totalmente desarrollado y por ello el contenido del estómago regresa al esófago. Esto hace que su bebé regurgite o "devuelva" la leche. Una vez que su esfínter se desarrolla por completo, su bebé ya no debería regurgitar.</p> <p>En los bebés que tienen ERGE, el músculo del esfínter se debilita o se relaja cuando no debe.</p> <h3>¿Qué tan común es el reflujo y la ERGE en los bebés?</h3> <p>El reflujo es muy común en los bebés. Cerca de la mitad de los bebés regurgitan varias veces al día durante los primeros tres meses de vida. Por lo general, dejan de regurgitar entre los 12 y 14 meses.</p> <p>La ERGE también es común en bebés. Muchos bebés de cuatro meses la padecen. Pero para su primer cumpleaños, sólo el 10% de los bebés aún tienen ERGE.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del reflujo y la ERGE en los bebés?</h3> <p>En los bebés, el principal síntoma de reflujo y ERGE es regurgitar (devolver la leche). La ERGE también puede causar síntomas como:</p> <ul> <li>Arqueo de la espalda: Su bebé tira la cabeza hacia atrás, durante o justo después de comer </li> <li>Cólico: Llanto que dura más de tres horas al día sin causa médica</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a></li> <li>Arcadas o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">problemas para tragar</a> </li> <li>Irritabilidad, especialmente después de comer</li> <li>Comer poco o negarse a comer</li> <li>Poco aumento de peso o pérdida de peso</li> <li>Sibilancias o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">problemas para respirar</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vómitos</a> fuertes o frecuentes</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos el reflujo y la ERGE en los bebés?</h3> <p>En la mayoría de los casos, un médico diagnostica el reflujo revisando los síntomas y la historia clínica de su bebé. Si los síntomas no mejoran con cambios en la alimentación y medicamentos para el reflujo, es posible que su hijo necesite hacerse pruebas.</p> <p>Varias pruebas pueden ayudar al médico a diagnosticar la ERGE. A veces, los médicos piden más de una prueba para obtener un diagnóstico. Pruebas comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><b>Serie gastrointestinal superior:</b> Examina la forma del tracto gastrointestinal superior de su bebé. Su bebé tomará un líquido de contraste llamado bario. El bario se mezcla en un biberón con otro alimento. El profesional de la salud tomará varias radiografías de su hijo para rastrear el bario por el esófago y el estómago </li> <li><b>Monitorización de pH esofágico:</b> Mide la cantidad de ácido o líquido en el esófago de su bebé. Un médico o enfermera coloca un tubo delgado flexible en el estómago a través de la nariz de su bebé. El extremo del tubo en el esófago mide cuándo y cuánto ácido entra al esófago. El otro extremo del tubo se conecta a un monitor que registra estas mediciones. Su bebé usará el tubo durante 24 horas, probablemente en el hospital </li> <li><b>Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior y biopsia:</b> Utiliza un endoscopio, un tubo largo y flexible con una cámara. El médico recorre el esófago, el estómago y la primera parte del intestino delgado con el endoscopio. Mientras observa las imágenes del endoscopio, el médico también puede tomar muestras de tejido (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a>)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué cambios en la alimentación pueden ayudar a tratar el reflujo o la ERGE del bebé?</h3> <p>Los cambios en la alimentación pueden ayudar al reflujo y la ERGE de su bebé:</p> <ul> <li>Agregue cereal de arroz al biberón de leche materna o fórmula. Consulte con el médico cuánto añadir. Si la mezcla es muy espesa, puede cambiar la tetina por una más grande o cortar la abertura con forma de "X" para agrandarla</li> <li>Haga eructar a su bebé cada una a dos onzas de fórmula. Si amamanta, hágalo después de darle cada pecho</li> <li>No lo alimente demasiado: Dele a su bebé la cantidad de fórmula o leche materna recomendada</li> <li>Mantenga a su bebé en posición vertical durante 30 minutos después de las comidas</li> <li>Si usa fórmula y su médico piensa que su bebé puede ser sensible a las proteínas de la leche, su médico puede sugerir cambiar la fórmula. No cambie fórmulas sin hablar con el médico</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué tratamientos para la ERGE del bebé podría recomendar el médico?</h3> <p>Si los cambios en la alimentación no ayudan, el médico puede recomendar medicamentos. Los medicamentos funcionan reduciendo la cantidad de ácido en el estómago de su bebé. El médico sólo sugerirá medicamentos si su bebé aún tiene síntomas de ERGE cuando:</p> <ul> <li>Ya ha probado algunos cambios en la alimentación</li> <li>Su bebé tiene problemas para dormir o alimentarse</li> <li>Su bebé no crece en forma adecuada</li> </ul> <p>A menudo, el médico recetará un medicamento como prueba y explicará las posibles complicaciones. No debe administrarle a su bebé medicamentos a menos que el médico se lo indique.</p> <p>Los medicamentos para la ERGE en los bebés incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Bloqueadores H2, que disminuyen la producción de ácido</li> <li>Inhibidores de la bomba de protones, que reducen la cantidad de ácido que produce el estómago </li> </ul> <p>Si estos no ayudan y su bebé todavía tiene síntomas severos, entonces la cirugía podría ser una opción. Los gastroenterólogos pediátricos sólo realizan esta operación en bebés en casos raros. Pueden sugerir cirugía cuando los bebés tienen problemas respiratorios graves o tienen un problema físico que causa los síntomas de ERGE.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Niños y adolescentes Reflux in Infants Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Acidez gástrica crónica en niños RGE Reflujo esofágico en niños <h3>¿Qué es el reflujo y la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE)?</h3> <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/esophagusdisorders.html">esófago</a> es un tubo que lleva el alimento de su boca al estómago. Si su hijo tiene reflujo, el alimento en su estómago vuelve al esófago.</p> <p>Por otra parte, la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) es un tipo de reflujo más grave y duradero. Si su hijo tiene reflujo más de dos veces por semana durante algunas semanas, podría tener ERGE.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el reflujo y la ERGE en los niños?</h3> <p>Existe un músculo (el esfínter esofágico inferior) que actúa como válvula entre el esófago y el estómago. Cuando el niño traga, este músculo se relaja para dejar que los alimentos pasen del esófago al estómago. El resto del tiempo este músculo permanece cerrado y el contenido del estómago no vuelve hacia el esófago.</p> <p>En los niños que tienen reflujo y ERGE, este músculo se debilita o se relaja cuando no debe y el contenido del estómago vuelve al esófago. Esto puede suceder debido a:</p> <ul> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiatalhernia.html">hernia de hiato</a>, una afección en la cual la parte alta de su estómago se extiende hacia arriba por una abertura en el diafragma </li> <li>Aumento de la presión sobre el abdomen por sobrepeso u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Medicamentos, como algunas medicinas para el asma, antihistamínicos (que tratan las alergias), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> (para el dolor), sedantes (que ayudan a dormir) y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">antidepresivos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a> o exponerse al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/secondhandsmoke.html">humo de segunda mano</a></li> <li>Una cirugía previa en el esófago o parte superior del abdomen</li> <li> Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html">retraso del desarrollo</a> severo</li> <li>Ciertas afecciones neurológicas, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebralpalsy.html">parálisis cerebral</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué tan común es el reflujo y la ERGE en los niños?</h3> <p>Muchos niños tienen reflujo a veces, pero la ERGE no es tan común. Sólo el 25% de los niños tienen síntomas de ERGE.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del reflujo y la ERGE en niños?</h3> <p>Es posible que su hijo ni siquiera note el reflujo. Pero algunos niños sienten el alimento o el ácido del estómago en la parte de atrás de la boca.</p> <p>En los niños, la ERGE puede causar:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartburn.html">Acidez estomacal</a>, una sensación dolorosa y de ardor en el medio del pecho. Es más común en niños mayores (de 12 años y más)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/badbreath.html">Mal aliento</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náusea y vómitos</a></li> <li>Problemas o dolor al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">tragar</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas respiratorios</a></li> <li>Desgaste de los dientes</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo diagnostican los médicos el reflujo y la ERGE en niños?</h3> <p>En la mayoría de los casos, un médico diagnostica el reflujo revisando los síntomas y la historia clínica de su hijo. Si los síntomas no mejoran con cambios en el estilo de vida y medicamentos para el reflujo, es posible que su hijo necesite hacerse una prueba para detectar si tiene ERGE u otros problemas.</p> <p>Varias pruebas pueden ayudar al médico a diagnosticar la ERGE. En ocasiones, los médicos solicitan más de una prueba para obtener un diagnóstico. Las pruebas comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><b>Serie gastrointestinal superior:</b> Examina la forma del tracto gastrointestinal superior de su hijo. El niño bebe un líquido de contraste llamado bario. Para los niños pequeños, el bario se mezcla en un biberón con otro alimento. El profesional de la salud tomará varias radiografías de su hijo para rastrear el bario por el esófago y el estómago </li> <li><b>Monitorización de pH esofágico:</b> Mide la cantidad de ácido o líquido en el esófago de su hijo. Un médico o enfermera coloca un tubo delgado flexible en el estómago a través de la nariz de su hijo. El final del tubo en el esófago mide cuándo y cuánto ácido vuelve a subir al esófago. El otro extremo del tubo se conecta a un monitor que registra las mediciones. Su hijo usará el tubo durante 24 horas. Es posible que tenga que permanecer en el hospital durante la prueba</li> <li><b>Endoscopia gastrointestinal superior y biopsia:</b> Utiliza un endoscopio, un tubo largo y flexible con una cámara. El médico recorre el esófago, el estómago y el comienzo del intestino delgado con el endoscopio. Mientras observa las imágenes del endoscopio, el médico también puede tomar muestras de tejido (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a>)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué cambios de estilo de vida pueden ayudar a tratar el reflujo de mi hijo o la ERGE?</h3> <p>En ocasiones, el reflujo y la ERGE en los niños puede ser tratado con cambios en el estilo de vida:</p> <ul> <li>Bajar de peso si es necesario</li> <li>Comer porciones más pequeñas</li> <li>Evitar los alimentos con mucha grasa</li> <li>Usar ropa holgada en la parte del abdomen</li> <li>Sentarse o pararse derecho por tres horas después de las comidas y no reclinarse o recostarse cuando está sentado</li> <li>Levantando la cabecera de la cama de su niño de seis a ocho pulgadas (15 a 20 cm). Puede hacer esto colocando en forma segura bloques debajo de las patas de la cama</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué tratamientos podría dar el médico para la ERGE de mi hijo?</h3> <p>Si los cambios en casa no ayudan, el médico puede recomendar medicamentos para tratar la ERGE. Los medicamentos funcionan reduciendo la cantidad de ácido en el estómago de su hijo.</p> <p>Algunos medicamentos para ERGE en niños se pueden obtener sin receta médica, pero para otros se requiere prescripción. Estos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Antiácidos sin receta médica</li> <li>Bloqueadores H2, que disminuyen la producción de ácido</li> <li>Inhibidores de la bomba de protones, que reducen la cantidad de ácido que el estómago produce</li> <li>Procinética, que ayuda al estómago a vaciarse más rápido</li> </ul> <p>Si esto no ayuda y su hijo todavía tiene síntomas severos, la cirugía podría ser una opción. Un gastroenterólogo pediátrico, un especialista que trata a niños con enfermedades digestivas, realizaría la cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Niños y adolescentes Reflux in Children Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF GER in Children GERD in Children <h3>What are reflux (GER) and GERD?</h3> <p>The esophagus is the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. If your child has reflux, his or her stomach contents come back up into the esophagus. Another name for reflux is gastroesophageal reflux (GER).</p> <p>GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is a more serious and long-lasting type of reflux. If your child has reflux more than twice a week for a few weeks, it could be GERD.</p> <h3>What causes reflux and GERD in children?</h3> <p>There is a muscle (the lower esophageal sphincter) that acts as a valve between the esophagus and stomach. When your child swallows, this muscle relaxes to let food pass from the esophagus to the stomach. This muscle normally stays closed, so the stomach contents don't flow back into the esophagus.</p> <p>In children who have reflux and GERD, this muscle becomes weak or relaxes when it shouldn't, and the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus. This can happen because of:</p><ul> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiatalhernia.html">hiatal hernia</a>, a condition in which the upper part of your stomach pushes upward into your chest through an opening in your diaphragm</li> <li>Increased pressure on the abdomen from being overweight or having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html">obesity</a></li> <li>Medicines, such as certain asthma medicines, antihistamines (which treat allergies), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a>, sedatives (which help put people to sleep), and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">antidepressants</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smokingandyouth.html">Smoking</a> or exposure to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">secondhand smoke</a></li> <li>A previous surgery on the esophagus or upper abdomen</li> <li>A severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html">developmental delay</a></li> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">neurological conditions</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebralpalsy.html">cerebral palsy</a></li> </ul> <h3>How common are reflux and GERD in children?</h3> <p>Many children have occasional reflux. GERD is not as common; up to 25% of children have symptoms of GERD. </p> <h3>What are the symptoms of reflux and GERD in children?</h3> <p>Your child might not even notice reflux. But some children taste food or stomach acid at the back of the mouth. </p> <p>In children, GERD can cause:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html">Heartburn</a>, a painful, burning feeling in the middle of the chest. It is more common in older children (12 years and up).</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/badbreath.html">Bad breath</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Nausea and vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">Problems swallowing</a> or painful swallowing</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Breathing problems</a></li> <li>The wearing away of teeth</li> </ul> <h3>How do doctors diagnose reflux and GERD in children?</h3> <p>In most cases, a doctor diagnoses reflux by reviewing your child's symptoms and medical history. If the symptoms do not get better with lifestyle changes and anti-reflux medicines, your child may need testing to check for GERD or other problems.</p> <p>Several tests can help a doctor diagnose GERD. Sometimes doctors order more than one test to get a diagnosis. Commonly-used tests include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Upper GI series</strong>, which looks at the shape of your child's upper GI (gastrointestinal) tract. You child will drink a contrast liquid called barium. For young children, the barium is mixed in with a bottle or other food. The health care professional will take several x-rays of your child to track the barium as it goes through the esophagus and stomach.</li> <li><strong>Esophageal pH and impedance monitoring</strong>, which measures the amount of acid or liquid in your child's esophagus. A doctor or nurse places a thin flexible tube through your child's nose into the stomach. The end of the tube in the esophagus measures when and how much acid comes back up into the esophagus. The other end of the tube attaches to a monitor that records the measurements. Your child will wear the tube for 24 hours. He or she may need to stay in the hospital during the test.</li> <li><strong>Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and biopsy</strong>, which uses an endoscope, a long, flexible tube with a light and camera at the end of it. The doctor runs the endoscope down your child's esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine. While looking at the pictures from the endoscope, the doctor may also take tissue samples (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>).</li> </ul> <h3>What lifestyle changes can help treat my child's reflux or GERD?</h3> <p>Sometimes reflux and GERD in children can be treated with lifestyle changes:</p><ul> <li>Losing weight, if needed</li> <li>Eating smaller meals</li> <li>Avoiding high-fat foods</li> <li>Wearing loose-fitting clothing around the abdomen</li> <li>Staying upright for 3 hours after meals and not reclining and slouching when sitting</li> <li>Sleeping at a slight angle. Raise the head of your child's bed 6 to 8 inches by safely putting blocks under the bedposts.</li> </ul> <h3>What treatments might the doctor give for my child's GERD?</h3> <p>If changes at home do not help enough, the doctor may recommend medicines to treat GERD. The medicines work by lowering the amount of acid in your child's stomach.</p> <p>Some medicines for GERD in children are over-the-counter, and some are prescription medicines. They include:</p><ul> <li>Over-the-counter antacids</li> <li>H2 blockers, which decrease acid production</li> <li>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which lower the amount of acid the stomach makes</li> <li>Prokinetics, which help the stomach empty faster</li> </ul> <p>If these don't help and your child still has severe symptoms, then surgery might be an option. A pediatric gastroenterologist, a doctor who treats children who have digestive diseases, would do the surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Children and Teenagers Reflujo gastroesofágico en niños Gastroesophageal Reflux Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Journal Articles Learn More North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition GER in Infants GERD in infants Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux <h3>What are reflux and GERD?</h3> <p>The esophagus is the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. If your baby has reflux, his or her stomach contents come back up into the esophagus. Another name for reflux is gastroesophageal reflux (GER).</p> <p>GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is a more serious and long-lasting type of reflux. Babies may have GERD if their symptoms prevent them from feeding or if the reflux lasts more than 12 to 14 months.</p> <h3>What causes reflux and GERD in infants?</h3> <p>There is a muscle (the lower esophageal sphincter) that acts as a valve between the esophagus and stomach. When your baby swallows, this muscle relaxes to let food pass from the esophagus to the stomach. This muscle normally stays closed, so the stomach contents don't flow back into the esophagus.</p> <p>In babies who have reflux, the lower esophageal sphincter muscle is not fully developed and lets the stomach contents back up the esophagus. This causes your baby to spit up (regurgitate). Once his or her sphincter muscle fully develops, your baby should no longer spit up.</p> <p>In babies who have GERD, the sphincter muscle becomes weak or relaxes when it shouldn't. </p> <h3>How common are reflux and GERD in infants?</h3> <p>Reflux is very common in babies. About half of all babies spit up many times a day in the first 3 months of their lives. They usually stop spitting up between the ages of 12 and 14 months.</p> <p>GERD is also common in younger infants. Many 4-month-olds have it. But by their first birthday, only 10% of babies still have GERD. </p> <h3>What are the symptoms of reflux and GERD in infants?</h3> <p>In babies, the main symptom of reflux and GERD is spitting up. GERD may also cause symptoms such as:</p><ul> <li>Arching of the back, often during or right after eating</li> <li>Colic - crying that lasts for more than 3 hours a day with no medical cause</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">Coughing</a></li> <li>Gagging or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">trouble swallowing</a></li> <li>Irritability, especially after eating</li> <li>Poor eating or refusing to eat</li> <li>Poor weight gain, or weight loss</li> <li>Wheezing or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">trouble breathing</a></li> <li>Forceful or frequent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">vomiting</a></li> </ul> <h3>How do doctors diagnose reflux and GERD in infants?</h3> <p>In most cases, a doctor diagnoses reflux by reviewing your baby's symptoms and medical history. If the symptoms do not get better with feeding changes and anti-reflux medicines, your baby may need testing.</p> <p>Several tests can help a doctor diagnose GERD. Sometimes doctors order more than one test to get a diagnosis. Common tests include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Upper GI series</strong>, which looks at the shape of your baby's upper GI (gastrointestinal) tract. Your baby will drink or eat a contrast liquid called barium. The barium is mixed in with a bottle or other food. The health care professional will take several x-rays of your baby to track the barium as it goes through the esophagus and stomach.</li> <li><strong>Esophageal pH and impedance monitoring</strong>, which measures the amount of acid or liquid in your baby's esophagus. A doctor or nurse places a thin flexible tube through your baby's nose into the stomach. The end of the tube in the esophagus measures when and how much acid comes up into the esophagus. The other end of the tube attaches to a monitor that records the measurements. Your baby will wear this for 24 hours, most likely in the hospital.</li> <li><strong>Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and biopsy</strong>, which uses an endoscope, a long, flexible tube with a light and camera at the end of it. The doctor runs the endoscope down your baby's esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine. While looking at the pictures from the endoscope, the doctor may also take tissue samples (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>).</li> </ul> <h3>What feeding changes can help treat my infant's reflux or GERD?</h3> <p>Feeding changes may help your baby's reflux and GERD:</p><ul> <li>Add rice cereal to your baby's bottle of formula or breastmilk. Check with the doctor about how much to add. If the mixture is too thick, you can change the nipple size or cut a little "x" in the nipple to make the opening larger.</li> <li>Burp your baby after every 1 to 2 ounces of formula. If you breastfeed, burp your baby after nursing from each breast.</li> <li>Avoid overfeeding; give your baby the amount of formula or breast milk recommended.</li> <li>Hold your baby upright for 30 minutes after feedings.</li> <li>If you use formula and your doctor thinks that your baby may be sensitive to milk protein, your doctor may suggest switching to a different type of formula. Do not change formulas without talking to the doctor.</li> </ul> <h3>What treatments might the doctor give for my infant's GERD?</h3> <p>If feeding changes do not help enough, the doctor may recommend medicines to treat GERD. The medicines work by lowering the amount of acid in your baby's stomach. The doctor will only suggest medicine if your baby still has regular GERD symptoms and:</p><ul> <li>You already tried some feeding changes</li> <li>Your baby has problems sleeping or feeding</li> <li>Your baby does not grow properly</li> </ul> <p>The doctor will often prescribe a medicine on a trial basis and will explain any possible complications. You shouldn't give your baby any medicines unless the doctor tells you to.</p> <p>Medicines for GERD in babies include:</p><ul> <li>H2 blockers, which decrease acid production</li> <li>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which lower the amount of acid the stomach makes</li> </ul> <p>If these don't help and your baby still has severe symptoms, then surgery might be an option. Pediatric gastroenterologists only use surgery to treat GERD in babies in rare cases. They may suggest surgery when babies have severe breathing problems or have a physical problem that causes GERD symptoms.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Children and Teenagers Reflujo gastroesofágico en bebés Gastroesophageal Reflux Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition PDF Journal Articles Learn More North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Farsightedness Hyperopia Myopia Nearsightedness <p>The cornea and lens of your eye helps you focus. Refractive errors are vision problems that happen when the shape of the eye keeps you from focusing well. The cause could be the length of the eyeball (longer or shorter), changes in the shape of the cornea, or aging of the lens.</p> <p>Four common refractive errors are:</p><ul> <li>Myopia, or nearsightedness - clear vision close up but blurry in the distance</li> <li>Hyperopia, or farsightedness - clear vision in the distance but blurry close up</li> <li>Presbyopia - inability to focus close up as a result of aging</li> <li>Astigmatism - focus problems caused by the cornea</li> </ul> <p>The most common symptom is blurred vision. Other symptoms may include double vision, haziness, glare or halos around bright lights, squinting, headaches, or eye strain.</p> <p>Glasses or contact lenses can usually correct refractive errors. Laser eye surgery may also be a possibility.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Eye Institute</p> Eyes and Vision Errores de refracción Refractive Errors Spanish National Eye Institute Eye Wear Laser Eye Surgery Vision Impairment and Blindness Artificial Lens Astigmatism Farsightedness Hyperopia Intraocular Lens Myopia Nearsightedness Presbyopia Related Issues American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Find an Expert American Optometric Association Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Ophthalmology Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Optometric Association Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Eye Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Ophthalmology Children Nemours Foundation <h3>¿Qué es la rehabilitación?</h3> <p>La rehabilitación es el cuidado que usted recibe para recuperar, mantener o mejorar las capacidades que necesita para la vida diaria. Estas capacidades pueden ser físicas, mentales y/o cognitivas (pensar y aprender). Puede que se pierdan por una enfermedad o lesión, o como un efecto secundario de un tratamiento médico. La rehabilitación puede mejorar su vida diaria y su funcionamiento.</p> <h3>¿Quién necesita de rehabilitación?</h3> <p>La rehabilitación es para personas que han perdido capacidades que necesitan para la vida diaria. Algunas de las causas más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Lesiones como trauma, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html">quemaduras</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturas</a> (huesos rotos), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">lesión cerebral traumática</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html">lesiones de la médula espinal</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Accidente cerebrovascular</a></li> <li>Infecciones graves</li> <li>Cirugía mayor</li> <li>Efectos secundarios de tratamientos médicos, como para el cáncer</li> <li>Ciertos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">defectos congénitos</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">trastornos genéticos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html">Trastornos del desarrollo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">Dolor crónico</a>, incluyendo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html">espalda</a> y cuello</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son las metas de la rehabilitación?</h3> <p>El objetivo general de la rehabilitación es ayudarle a recuperar sus capacidades o su independencia. Pero las metas específicas son diferentes para cada persona. Ellas dependen de la causa del problema, si la causa continúa o fue temporal, que capacidades se perdieron y qué tan grave es el problema. Por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Una persona que sufrió un derrame cerebral puede necesitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/strokerehabilitation.html">rehabilitación</a> para poder bañarse o vestirse sin ayuda</li> <li>Una persona activa que tuvo un ataque cardiaco puede requerir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cardiacrehabilitation.html">rehabilitación cardíaca</a> para volver a hacer ejercicio</li> <li>Alguien con una enfermedad de pulmón puede tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">rehabilitación pulmonar</a> para respirar más fácilmente y mejorar su calidad de vida</li> </ul> <h3>¿En qué consiste un programa de rehabilitación?</h3> <p>Un equipo de diversos proveedores de salud se encargará de ayudarle en su programa de rehabilitación. Trabajarán con usted para establecer necesidades, metas y un plan de tratamiento. Los tipos de tratamientos que se incluyen en este plan pueden ser:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html">Aparatos de asistencia</a>: Herramientas, equipos y dispositivos que ayudan a personas con discapacidades a moverse y funcionar</li> <li>Terapia de rehabilitación cognitiva para ayudarle a aprender nuevamente o mejorar habilidades como pensar, memorizar, planificar y tomar decisiones</li> <li>Consejería de salud mental</li> <li>Terapia musical o artística para ayudarle a expresar sus sentimientos, mejorar su pensamiento y desarrollar vínculos sociales</li> <li>Consejería nutricional</li> <li>Terapia ocupacional para ayudarle con sus actividades diarias</li> <li>Terapia física para ayudarle con su fuerza, movilidad y condición física</li> <li>Terapia recreacional para mejorar su bienestar a través de manualidades, juegos, técnicas de relajación y terapia asistida con animales</li> <li>Terapia del habla y lenguaje para ayudarle a hablar, entender, leer, escribir y tragar</li> <li>Tratamiento para el dolor</li> <li>Rehabilitación vocacional para ayudarle con habilidades para ir a la escuela o a trabajar </li> </ul> <p>Dependiendo de sus necesidades, puede tener rehabilitación en la oficina de los proveedores, en un hospital o en un centro de rehabilitación para pacientes internados. En algunos casos, un proveedor puede ir a su casa. Si recibe atención en su hogar, deberá contar con familiares o amigos que puedan ayudarlo con su rehabilitación.</p> Cirugía y rehabilitación Rehabilitation Discapacidades Rehabilitación cardíaca Tecnología asistencial Fisioterapia Terapia ocupacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Rehabilitación cardiovascular Rehablilitación del corazón <p>La rehabilitación cardíaca es un programa médico supervisado para ayudar a las personas que tienen:</p> <ul> <li>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque al corazón</a></li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angioplasty.html">angioplastía</a> o injerto de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html">derivación de la arteria coronaria</a> debido a enfermedad coronaria</li> <li>Una reparación o reemplazo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartvalvediseases.html">válvulas del corazón</a></li> <li>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html">trasplante de corazón</a> o de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html">pulmón</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/angina.html">Angina de pecho</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Falla cardíaca</a></li> </ul> <p>El objetivo es ayudarlo a volver a llevar una vida activa y reducir el riesgo de tener otros problemas del corazón. Un equipo de especialistas creará un plan para usted que incluye entrenamiento físico, educación para una vida cardíaca sana y asesoramiento para reducir el estrés. Usted aprenderá cómo reducir sus factores de riesgo como presión alta, colesterol alto, depresión y diabetes. Otros factores de riesgo son tener sobrepeso u obesidad, fumar y no hacer ejercicio.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Cirugía y rehabilitación Cardiac Rehabilitation Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Ataque al corazón Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón Enfermedades del corazón Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Rehabilitación de los pulmones <p><strong>¿Qué es la rehabilitación pulmonar?</strong></p> <p>La rehabilitación pulmonar es un programa para personas que tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">problemas respiratorios</a> crónicos. Puede ayudar a mejorar su capacidad de realizar tareas diarias y calidad de vida. La rehabilitación pulmonar no reemplaza su tratamiento médico, sino que se utiliza en forma conjunta.</p> <p>La rehabilitación pulmonar suele ser un programa ambulatorio que se realiza en un hospital o clínica. Algunas personas la reciben en sus hogares. Usted trabaja con un equipo de proveedores de atención médica para encontrar formas de disminuir sus síntomas, aumentar su capacidad de hacer ejercicio y facilitar sus actividades diarias.</p> <p><strong>¿Quién necesita de rehabilitación pulmonar?</strong></p> <p>Es posible que su proveedor de atención médica le recomiende la rehabilitación pulmonar si tiene una enfermedad pulmonar crónica u otra afección que le dificulte la respiración y limite sus actividades. Por ejemplo, puede ayudarle si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">EPOC</a> (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica): Los dos tipos principales son el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emphysema.html">enfisema</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html">bronquitis crónica</a>. En la EPOC, sus vías respiratorias (los conductos que llevan el aire hacia y desde sus pulmones) están parcialmente bloqueadas. Esto dificulta la entrada y salida del aire</li> <li>Tiene una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitiallungdiseases.html">enfermedad pulmonar intersticial</a>, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sarcoidosis.html">sarcoidosis</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryfibrosis.html">Fibrosis pulmonar</a>: Con el tiempo, estas enfermedades causan cicatrización de los pulmones. Esto hace que sea difícil obtener suficiente oxígeno</li> <li>Tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html">fibrosis quística</a>: Una enfermedad hereditaria que causa una mucosidad espesa y pegajosa que se acumula en los pulmones y bloquea las vías respiratorias</li> <li>Necesita una cirugía de pulmón: Es posible que tenga rehabilitación pulmonar antes y después de una cirugía de pulmón, con el fin de ayudarle a prepararse y recuperarse de la cirugía</li> <li>Tiene un trastorno de desgaste muscular que afecta los músculos que se usan para respirar: Un ejemplo es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/musculardystrophy.html">distrofia muscular</a> </li> </ul> <p>La rehabilitación pulmonar funciona mejor si la inicia antes de que su enfermedad sea grave. Sin embargo, incluso las personas que tienen enfermedad pulmonar avanzada pueden beneficiarse de esta rehabilitación.</p> <p><strong>¿En qué consiste la rehabilitación pulmonar?</strong></p> <p>En su primera cita de rehabilitación pulmonar, su equipo de proveedores de atención médica le preguntará sobre su salud. Le harán pruebas de función pulmonar, ejercicio y posiblemente análisis de sangre. Su equipo revisará su historia clínica y tratamientos actuales. Puede consultarle sobre su salud mental y su dieta. Luego trabajarán juntos para crear un plan adecuado para usted. Este puede incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Entrenamiento de ejercicios</strong>: Su equipo creará un plan de ejercicios para mejorar su resistencia y fuerza muscular. Es probable que ejercite sus brazos y sus piernas. Puede usar una cinta para correr, una bicicleta estacionaria o pesas. Es posible que deba comenzar lentamente y aumentar la intensidad a medida que se fortalece</li> <li><strong>Consejería nutricional</strong>: Tener sobrepeso o bajo peso puede afectar su respiración. Un plan de alimentación nutritivo puede ayudarlo a lograr un peso saludable</li> <li><strong>Educación sobre su enfermedad y cómo controlarla</strong>: Esto incluye aprender cómo evitar las situaciones que empeoran sus síntomas, cómo evitar las infecciones y cómo y cuándo tomar sus medicamentos</li> <li><strong>Técnicas para evitar cansarse</strong>: Su equipo puede enseñarle formas más fáciles de hacer las tareas diarias. Por ejemplo, puede aprender maneras de evitar estirarse, levantarse o doblarse. Esos movimientos dificultan la respiración, ya que consumen energía y hacen que los músculos abdominales se tensen. También puede aprender cómo lidiar mejor con el estrés, ya que el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a> también puede consumir energía y afectar su respiración</li> <li><strong>Técnicas de respiración</strong>: Aprenderá formas para mejorar su respiración. Estas técnicas pueden aumentar sus niveles de oxígeno, disminuir la frecuencia con la que respira y mantener las vías respiratorias abiertas por más tiempo</li> <li><strong>Consejería psicológica y/o apoyo grupal</strong>: Puede ser aterrador tener problemas para respirar. Si tiene una enfermedad pulmonar crónica, es más probable que tenga <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a> u otros problemas emocionales. Muchos programas de rehabilitación pulmonar incluyen consejería y/o grupos de apoyo. Si no, su equipo de rehabilitación pulmonar puede remitirlo a una organización que los ofrece</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Cirugía y rehabilitación Pulmonary Rehabilitation Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Enfermedades de los pulmones Pulmones, Rehabilitación Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Rehab <h3>What is rehabilitation?</h3> <p>Rehabilitation is care that can help you get back, keep, or improve abilities that you need for daily life. These abilities may be physical, mental, and/or cognitive (thinking and learning). You may have lost them because of a disease or injury, or as a side effect from a medical treatment. Rehabilitation can improve your daily life and functioning.</p> <h3>Who needs rehabilitation?</h3> <p>Rehabilitation is for people who have lost abilities that they need for daily life. Some of the most common causes include:</p><ul> <li>Injuries and trauma, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html">burns</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fractures</a> (broken bones), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">traumatic brain injury</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html">spinal cord injuries</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Stroke</a></li> <li>Severe infections</li> <li>Major surgery</li> <li>Side effects from medical treatments, such as from cancer treatments</li> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">birth defects</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic disorders</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html">Developmental disabilities</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">Chronic pain</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html">back</a> and neck pain</li> </ul> <h3>What are the goals of rehabilitation?</h3> <p>The overall goal of rehabilitation is to help you get your abilities back and regain independence. But the specific goals are different for each person. They depend on what caused the problem, whether the cause is ongoing or temporary, which abilities you lost, and how severe the problem is. For example,:</p><ul> <li>A person who has had a stroke may need rehabilitation to be able to dress or bathe without help</li> <li>An active person who has had a heart attack may go through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cardiacrehabilitation.html">cardiac rehabilitation</a> to try to return to exercising</li> <li>Someone with a lung disease may get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">pulmonary rehabilitation</a> to be able to breathe better and improve their quality of life</li> </ul> <h3>What happens in a rehabilitation program?</h3> <p>When you get rehabilitation, you often have a team of different health care providers helping you. They will work with you to figure out your needs, goals, and treatment plan. The types of treatments that may be in a treatment plan include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html">Assistive devices</a>, which are tools, equipment, and products that help people with disabilities move and function</li> <li>Cognitive rehabilitation therapy to help you relearn or improve skills such as thinking, learning, memory, planning, and decision making</li> <li>Mental health counseling</li> <li>Music or art therapy to help you express your feelings, improve your thinking, and develop social connections</li> <li>Nutritional counseling</li> <li>Occupational therapy to help you with your daily activities</li> <li>Physical therapy to help your strength, mobility, and fitness</li> <li>Recreational therapy to improve your emotional well-being through arts and crafts, games, relaxation training, and animal-assisted therapy</li> <li>Speech-language therapy to help with speaking, understanding, reading, writing and swallowing</li> <li>Treatment for pain</li> <li>Vocational rehabilitation to help you build skills for going to school or working at a job</li> </ul> <p>Depending on your needs, you may have rehabilitation in the providers' offices, a hospital, or an inpatient rehabilitation center. In some cases, a provider may come to your home. If you get care in your home, you will need to have family members or friends who can come and help with your rehabilitation.</p> Surgery and Rehabilitation Rehabilitación Rehabilitation Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Assistive Devices Cardiac Rehabilitation Disabilities Pulmonary Rehabilitation Stroke Rehabilitation Occupational Therapy Physical Therapy Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Jewish Health Find an Expert American Massage Therapy Association Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Find an Expert American Physical Therapy Association Specifics American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Occupational Therapy Association <h3>What are reproductive hazards?</h3> <p>Reproductive hazards are substances that affect the reproductive health of men or women. They also include substances that affect the ability of couples to have healthy children. These substances may be chemical, physical, or biological. Some common types include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">Alcohol</a></li> <li>Chemicals such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html">pesticides</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">Legal</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">illegal</a> drugs</li> <li>Metals such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html">lead</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html">mercury</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationexposure.html">Radiation</a></li> <li>Some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viruses</a></li> </ul> <p>You may be exposed to reproductive hazards through contact with your skin, breathing them in, or swallowing them. This can happen anywhere, but it is more common in the workplace or at home.</p> <h3>What are the health effects of reproductive hazards?</h3> <p>The possible health effects of reproductive hazards include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html">infertility</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/miscarriage.html">miscarriage</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">birth defects</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html">developmental disabilities</a> in children. What type of health effects they cause and how serious they are depends on many factors, including:</p><ul> <li>What the substance is</li> <li>How much of it you are exposed to</li> <li>How it enters your body</li> <li>How long or how often you are exposed</li> <li>How you react to the substance</li> </ul> <h3>How can reproductive hazards affect men?</h3> <p>For a man, a reproductive hazard can affect the sperm. A hazard may cause a problem with the number of sperm, their shape, or the way that they swim. It could also damage the sperm's DNA. Then the sperm may not be able to fertilize an egg. Or it could cause problems with the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">development of the fetus</a>.</p> <h3>How can reproductive hazards affect women?</h3> <p>For a woman, a reproductive hazard can disrupt the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">menstrual cycle</a>. It can cause hormone imbalance, which can raise the risk of diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">heart disease</a>, and certain cancers. It can affect a woman's <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html">ability to get pregnant</a>.</p> <p>A woman who is exposed during pregnancy can have different effects, depending on when she was exposed. During the first 3 months of pregnancy, it might cause a birth defect or a miscarriage. During the last 6 months of pregnancy, it could slow the growth of the fetus, affect the development of its brain, or cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html">preterm labor</a>.</p> <h3>How can reproductive hazards be avoided?</h3> <p>To try to avoid reproductive hazards:</p><ul> <li>Avoid alcohol and illegal drugs <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">during pregnancy</a>.</li> <li>If you smoke, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">try to quit</a>. And if you are not a smoker, don't start.</li> <li>Take precautions if you are using <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/householdproducts.html">household chemicals</a> or pesticides.</li> <li>Use <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">good hygiene</a>, including handwashing.</li> <li>If there are hazards <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealth.html">at your job</a>, make sure to follow safe work practices and procedures.</li> </ul> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Men Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Sexual Health Issues Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Riesgos para el sistema reproductivo Maternal Exposure Paternal Exposure Spanish National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Birth Defects Infections and Pregnancy Infertility Pregnancy Pregnancy and Medicines Pregnancy and Substance Use Prenatal Care Sexually Transmitted Infections Pregnancy Hazards Women Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Women March of Dimes Foundation Men Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Journal Articles Women National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Men National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Women Nemours Foundation Specifics American Society for Reproductive Medicine Women Food and Drug Administration Resfriado <h3>¿Qué es el resfrío común?</h3> <p>El resfrío común es una infección leve de las vías respiratorias altas (que incluye la nariz y la garganta). Los resfriados son probablemente la enfermedad más común. Los adultos tienen un promedio de 2 a 3 resfríos por año y los niños aún más. Los resfriados son más comunes en invierno y primavera, pero pueden ocurrir en cualquier momento.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el resfrío común?</h3> <p>Más de 200 virus diferentes pueden causar un resfriado, pero los rinovirus son el tipo más común. Los virus que causan los resfríos son muy contagiosos. Se pueden diseminar entre personas a través del aire y el contacto cercano. También puede infectarse cuando toca algo con el virus y luego se toca los ojos, la boca o la nariz. Por ejemplo, podría resfriarse después de darle la mano a alguien resfriado o tocar la perilla de una puerta que tiene los gérmenes y luego tocarse la cara.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del resfrío común?</h3> <p>En general, los síntomas de un resfrío común incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Estornudos</li> <li>Nariz tapada (congestión)</li> <li>Secreción nasal (mocos)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html">Dolor de garganta</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> </ul> <p>En general, los síntomas comienzan unos días después de infectarse con el virus. Algunos síntomas pueden durar de 10 a 14 días.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el resfrío común?</h3> <p>No hay cura para el resfrío común. Pero existen tratamientos que pueden hacerle sentir mejor mientras espera a que desaparezca por sí solo:</p> <ul> <li>Descansar bastante</li> <li>Beber mucho líquido</li> <li>Usar un humidificador limpio o un vaporizador de vapor frío</li> <li>Hacer gárgaras con agua tibia con sal</li> <li>Usar gotas o aerosoles nasales salinos</li> <li>Tomar medicamentos de venta libre para el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">dolor</a> o la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html">tos y el resfrío</a>. Pero debe tener cuidado con ciertos medicamentos: <ul> <li>Los niños y adolescentes no deben tomar aspirina</li> <li>Algunos medicamentos para el resfrío y la tos contienen ingredientes no recomendados para los niños. Hable con el profesional de la salud de su hijo antes de darle cualquier medicamento para el resfrío y la tos</li> <li>Algunos medicamentos para el resfrío y la tos contienen analgésicos. Si además toma un analgésico por separado con estos medicamentos, podría estar recibiendo una cantidad peligrosa de analgésicos. Lea las etiquetas de los medicamentos y siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente. Si tiene preguntas, consulte a su profesional de la salud o a un farmacéutico</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a> no ayudan con un resfrío. Estos son útiles con las infecciones bacterianas, no con las infecciones virales como los resfriados.</p> <p>La mayoría de las personas que tienen un resfrío se sienten mejor después de una semana o dos. Sin embargo, algunas personas que se resfrían pueden desarrollar otras enfermedades, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html">bronquitis</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a>. Esto es más común en personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">asma</a> u otras afecciones respiratorias. Hable con su profesional de la salud si usted o su hijo tienen síntomas que le preocupan, como:</p> <ul> <li>Problemas para respirar o respiración rápida</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">Deshidratación</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a> que dura más de 4 días</li> <li>Síntomas que duran más de 10 días sin mejoría</li> <li>Síntomas, como fiebre o tos, que mejoran pero luego regresan o empeoran</li> <li>Empeoramiento de afecciones médicas crónicas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el resfrío común?</h3> <p>No existe una vacuna para proteger contra el resfrío común. Pero es posible que pueda reducir el riesgo de contraer o propagar un resfriado al:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">Lavarse las manos</a> con frecuencia con agua y jabón por al menos 20 segundos</li> <li>Evitar tocarse la cara, la nariz o la boca con las manos sin lavar</li> <li>Evitar el contacto cercano, como besar, dar la mano y compartir tazas y utensilios para comer, con otras personas si usted está enfermo o ellos están enfermos</li> <li>Limpiar y desinfectar las superficies que toca con frecuencia</li> <li>Cubrirse la tos y los estornudos con un pañuelo desechable. Luego tire el pañuelo y lávese las manos</li> <li>Quedarse en casa cuando está enfermo</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Oído, nariz y garganta Common Cold Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Gripe Infecciones virales Medicinas para la tos y el resfrío Sinusitis Resfriado Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Adultos Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Cuidado de personas en instituciones <p>Las residencias con atención personalizada (también llamados centros de vida asistida) entregan vivienda y servicios a personas que necesitan ayuda con su cuidado diario. Puede que requieran asistencia para vestirse, bañarse, tomar sus medicamentos y limpiarse, pero no la atención médica que proporciona un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nursinghomes.html">hogar de adultos mayores</a>. La vida asistida permite a los residentes vivir de manera más independiente.</p> <p>En ocasiones, los centros de vida asistida tienen otros nombres, como establecimientos residenciales o instituciones de atención residencial. Pueden tener distintos tamaños, ya sea para apenas 25 residentes o para 120 residentes o más. En general, los residentes viven en sus propios apartamentos o habitaciones y comparten áreas comunes.</p> <p>Es común que estas instalaciones ofrezcan niveles diferentes de atención. Los residentes pagan más por una mayor atención. Los tipos de servicios que ofrecen pueden ser diferentes de estado a estado. Los servicios pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Hasta tres comidas al día</li> <li>Asistencia con el cuidado personal, como bañarse, vestirse, comer, levantarse de la cama o sillas, moverse y usar el baño</li> <li>Ayuda con medicamentos</li> <li>Labores domésticas </li> <li>Lavandería</li> <li>Vigilancia, seguridad y personal en el lugar las 24 horas</li> <li>Actividades sociales y recreativas</li> <li>Transporte</li> </ul> <p>Los residentes suelen ser adultos mayores, incluidos aquellos con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer</a> u otros tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">demencia</a>. Pero en algunos casos, pueden ser más jóvenes y tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">enfermedades mentales</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html">trastornos del desarrollo</a> o ciertas afecciones médicas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</p> Personas mayores Sistemas de salud Assisted Living Residencias para personas mayores Servicios de atención médica a domicilio Ayuda cotidiana para ancianos y discapacitados Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asilo de ancianos y convalecientes Geriátricos <p>Una residencia para personas mayores (también llamadas establecimientos de cuidados especializados de enfermería o centro de cuidados prolongados) y convalecientes es un lugar para personas que no necesitan permanecer en un hospital, pero que necesitan cuidados especiales. La mayoría de estos centros cuentan con personal de enfermería capacitada disponible las 24 horas del día. </p> <p>Algunas residencias están equipadas como un hospital. El personal presta cuidados médicos, así como fisioterapia y terapia del habla y ocupacional. Puede haber un puesto de enfermería en cada piso. Otros centros procuran aparentar ser más un hogar. Tratan de brindar una sensación de vecindario. Con frecuencia, no tienen un cronograma diario fijo y pueden contar con cocinas abiertas para los residentes. Se les fomenta a los miembros del personal a establecer relaciones con los ocupantes.</p> <p>Algunas residencias para personas mayores cuentan con unidades de cuidados especiales para personas con problemas serios de memoria, tales como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">enfermedad de Alzheimer</a>. Otros permiten la convivencia en pareja. Los centros no son sólo para adultos mayores, sino para cualquier persona que necesite de cuidados las 24 horas del día.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento </p> Personas mayores Sistemas de salud Nursing Homes Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Atención médica prolongada Geriátricos Más información Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Fácil de leer Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <h3>¿Qué son los antibióticos?</h3> <p>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a> son medicamentos que tratan las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">infecciones bacterianas</a> en los seres humanos y los animales. Actúan matando las bacterias o dificultando su crecimiento y multiplicación. Cuando se usan correctamente, los antibióticos pueden salvar vidas. Sin embargo, la resistencia a los antibióticos es un problema creciente.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la resistencia a los antibióticos?</h3> <p>La resistencia a los antibióticos ocurre cuando las bacterias cambian y son capaces de resistir los efectos de un antibiótico. Estas bacterias no mueren y continúan creciendo. Las infecciones que estas bacterias causan se conocen como infecciones resistentes, las que pueden ser difíciles y, a veces, imposibles de tratar. En algunos casos, incluso pueden ser mortales.</p> <p>Existen muchos tipos diferentes de infecciones resistentes, incluyendo el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mrsa.html">SAMR</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html">tuberculosis</a> (TB) resistente a los medicamentos. Si contrae una infección resistente, es posible que necesite:</p> <ul> <li>Una hospitalización prolongada</li> <li>Una larga recuperación</li> <li>Visitas de seguimiento con profesionales de la salud</li> <li>Tratamientos caros y con posibles <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">efectos secundarios</a> graves</li> </ul> <p>La resistencia a los antibióticos es un tipo de resistencia a los antimicrobianos. Existen otros tipos. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virus</a>, los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fungalinfections.html">hongos</a> y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html">parásitos</a> también pueden volverse resistentes a los medicamentos.</p> <p>La resistencia a los antibióticos no significa que su cuerpo sea resistente a ellos.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se vuelven resistentes las bacterias a los antibióticos?</h3> <p>La resistencia a los antibióticos es un proceso natural que ocurre con el tiempo. Para sobrevivir, las bacterias pueden desarrollar estrategias de defensa contra los antibióticos a través de cambios genéticos. Las bacterias resistentes sobreviven, crecen y se propagan.</p> <p>Cada vez que usted toma antibióticos, existe el riesgo de que las bacterias se vuelvan resistentes. Por eso es importante tomar antibióticos solo cuando realmente los necesita. Estos medicamentos no funcionan en infecciones virales como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfriados</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a>. Y no necesita antibióticos para todas las infecciones bacterianas. Por ejemplo, es posible que sean necesarios para algunas infecciones de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html">senos paranasales</a> y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html">oído</a>.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener una infección resistente a los antibióticos?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede desarrollar una infección resistente a los antibióticos, pero algunas pueden tener un riesgo mayor, incluidas aquellas que:</p> <ul> <li>Tienen un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario debilitado</a> por enfermedades como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> o por tomar medicamentos que afectan sus defensas</li> <li>Están recibiendo atención médica, como cirugía y hospitalizaciones</li> <li>Toman antibióticos durante mucho tiempo</li> <li>Son bebés, especialmente si nacieron <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html">prematuramente</a></li> <li>Son adultos mayores</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se puede prevenir la resistencia a los antibióticos?</h3> <p>Siempre habrá cierta resistencia a los antibióticos, ya que se produce de forma natural. Pero estas medidas pueden ayudar a combatir la resistencia a los antibióticos:</p> <ul> <li>No use antibióticos para los virus</li> <li>No presione a su profesional de la salud para que le recete un antibiótico si cree que no lo necesita</li> <li>Cuando tome antibióticos, siga las instrucciones cuidadosamente</li> <li>No comparta sus antibióticos con otras personas</li> <li>No guarde los antibióticos para más tarde ni use la receta de otra persona</li> <li>Ayude a prevenir la propagación de infecciones bacterianas con buenos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">hábitos de higiene</a>. Estos incluyen lavarse las manos con frecuencia y cubrirse la boca y la nariz al toser o estornudar</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Tratamiento con medicamentos Antibiotic Resistance Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Antibióticos Infecciones bacterianas Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Video Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Organización Mundial de la Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos <h3>What is respiratory failure?</h3> <p>Respiratory failure is a condition in which your blood doesn't have enough oxygen or has too much carbon dioxide. Sometimes you can have both problems.</p> <p>When you breathe, your lungs take in oxygen. The oxygen passes into your blood, which carries it to your organs. Your organs, such as your heart and brain, need this oxygen-rich blood to work well.</p> <p>Another part of breathing is removing the carbon dioxide from the blood and breathing it out. Having too much carbon dioxide in your blood can harm your organs.</p> <h3>What causes respiratory failure?</h3> <p>Conditions that affect your breathing can cause respiratory failure. These conditions may affect the muscles, nerves, bones, or tissues that support breathing. Or they may affect the lungs directly. These conditions include:</p><ul> <li>Diseases that affect <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">the lungs</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a> (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cysticfibrosis.html">cystic fibrosis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html">pulmonary embolism</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a></li> <li>Conditions that affect the nerves and muscles that control breathing, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html">amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</a> (ALS), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/musculardystrophy.html">muscular dystrophy</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html">spinal cord injuries</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a> </li><li>Problems with the spine, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html">scoliosis</a> (a curve in the spine). They can affect the bones and muscles used for breathing.</li> <li>Damage to the tissues and ribs around the lungs. An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestinjuriesanddisorders.html">injury to the chest</a> can cause this damage.</li> <li>Drug or alcohol overdose</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/inhalationinjuries.html">Inhalation injuries</a>, such as from inhaling smoke (from fires) or harmful fumes</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of respiratory failure?</h3> <p>The symptoms of respiratory failure depend on the cause and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood.</p> <p>A low oxygen level in the blood can cause shortness of breath and air hunger (the feeling that you can't breathe in enough air). Your skin, lips, and fingernails may also have a bluish color. A high carbon dioxide level can cause rapid breathing and confusion.</p> <p>Some people who have respiratory failure may become very sleepy or lose consciousness. They also may have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">arrhythmia</a> (irregular heartbeat). You may have these symptoms if your brain and heart are not getting enough oxygen.</p> <h3>How is respiratory failure diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider will diagnose respiratory failure based on:</p><ul> <li>Your medical history</li> <li>A physical exam, which often includes</li> <ul> <li>Listening to your lungs to check for abnormal sounds</li> <li>Listening to your heart to check for arrhythmia</li> <li>Looking for a bluish color on your skin, lips, and fingernails</li> </ul> <li>Diagnostic tests, such as</li> <ul> <li>Pulse oximetry, a small sensor that uses a light to measure how much oxygen is in your blood. The sensor goes on the end of your finger or on your ear.</li> <li>Arterial blood gas test, a test that measures the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in your blood. The blood sample is taken from an artery, usually in your wrist.</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Once you are diagnosed with respiratory failure, your provider will look for what is causing it. Tests for this often include a chest x-ray. If your provider thinks you may have arrhythmia because of the respiratory failure, you may have an EKG (electrocardiogram). This is simple, painless test that detects and records your heart's electrical activity.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for respiratory failure?</h3> <p>Treatment for respiratory failure depends on:</p><ul> <li>Whether it is acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing)</li> <li>How severe it is</li> <li>What is causing it</li> </ul> <p>Acute respiratory failure can be a medical emergency. You may need treatment in intensive care unit at a hospital. Chronic respiratory failure can often be treated at home. But if your chronic respiratory failure is severe, you might need treatment in a long-term care center.</p> <p>One of the main goals of treatment is to get oxygen to your lungs and other organs and remove carbon dioxide from your body. Another goal is to treat the cause of the condition. Treatments may include:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">Oxygen therapy</a>,</strong> through a nasal cannula (two small plastic tubes that go in your nostrils) or through a mask that fits over your nose and mouth</li> <li><strong>Tracheostomy,</strong> a surgically-made hole that goes through the front of your neck and into your windpipe. A breathing tube, also called a tracheostomy, or trach tube, is placed in the hole to help you breathe.</li> <li><strong>Ventilator,</strong> a breathing machine that blows air into your lungs. It also carries carbon dioxide out of your lungs.</li> <li><strong>Other breathing treatments,</strong> such as noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), which uses mild air pressure to keep your airways open while you sleep. Another treatment is a special bed that rocks back and forth, to help you breathe in and out.</li> <li><strong>Fluids,</strong> often through an intravenous (IV), to improve blood flow throughout your body. They also provide nutrition.</li> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> for discomfort</li> <li><strong>Treatments for the cause of the respiratory failure.</strong> These treatments may include medicines and procedures.</li> </ul> <p>If you have respiratory failure, see your health care provider for ongoing medical care. Your provider may suggest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">pulmonary rehabilitation</a>.</p> <p>If your respiratory failure is chronic, make sure that you know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You need emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. You should call your provider if you notice that your symptoms are worsening or if you have new signs and symptoms.</p> <p>Living with respiratory failure may cause fear, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a>. Talk therapy, medicines, and support groups can help you feel better.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Lungs and Breathing Insuficiencia respiratoria Respiratory Insufficiency Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Lung Diseases ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Lung Association Find an Expert American Lung Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Thoracic Society PDF Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH RSV <h3>What is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?</h3> <p>Respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, is a common respiratory virus. It usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms. But it can cause serious lung infections, especially in infants, older adults, and people with serious medical problems.</p> <h3>How is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) spread?</h3> <p>RSV spreads from person to person through:</p><ul> <li>The air by coughing and sneezing</li> <li>Direct contact, such as kissing the face of a child who has RSV</li> <li>Touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes before washing your hands</li> </ul> <p>People who have an RSV infection are usually contagious for 3 to 8 days. But sometimes infants and people with weakened immune systems can continue to spread the virus for as long as 4 weeks.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections?</h3> <p>RSV can affect people of all ages. But it is very common in small children; nearly all children become infected with RSV by age 2. In the United States, RSV infections usually occur during RSV season, which is usually fall through spring.</p> <p>Certain people are at higher risk of having a severe RSV infection:</p><ul> <li>Infants</li> <li>Older adults, especially those ages 65 and older</li> <li>People with chronic medical conditions such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">lung</a> disease</li> <li>People with weakened immune systems</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections?</h3> <p>The symptoms of RSV infection usually start about 4 to 6 days after infection. They include:</p><ul> <li>Runny nose</li> <li>Decrease in appetite</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">Cough</a></li> <li>Sneezing</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li>Wheezing</li> </ul> <p>These symptoms usually appear in stages instead of all at once. In very young infants, the only symptoms may be irritability, decreased activity, and trouble breathing.</p> <p>RSV can also cause more severe infections, especially in people at high risk. These infections include bronchiolitis, an inflammation of the small airways in the lung, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a>, an infection of the lungs.</p> <h3>How are respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, including asking about symptoms.</li> <li>A physical exam.</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-tests/">lab test</a> of nasal fluid or another respiratory specimen to check for RSV. This is usually done for people with severe infection.</li> <li>Tests to check for complications in people with severe infection. The tests may include a chest x-ray and blood and urine tests.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections?</h3> <p>There is no specific treatment for RSV infection. Most infections go away on their own in a week or two. Over-the-counter <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a> can help with the fever and pain. However, do not give aspirin to children. And do not give <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coldandcoughmedicines.html">cough medicine</a> to children under four. It is also important to get enough fluids to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydration</a>.</p> <p>Some people with severe infection may need to be hospitalized. There, they might get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">oxygen</a>, a breathing tube, or a ventilator.</p> <h3>Can respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections be prevented?</h3> <p>There are some vaccines to protect against RVS illness. Two of them are for people ages 60 and older. If you are in this age group, talk to your provider about whether an RSV vaccine would be right for you.</p> <p>There is also a vaccine is for pregnant people. It is given between 32 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. It helps protect their newborn babies from RSV illness for the first 6 months of life.</p> <p>There are two medicines to help prevent severe RSV illness in babies and young children. These medicines may help prevent severe RSV illness, but they can't cure or treat children who already have RSV. And they cannot prevent an RSV infection. Both medicines are given by injections (shots).</p> <p>One medicine is given to infants who are younger than 8 months during their first RSV season. This includes infants who are born during RSV season. This medicine may also be given to some children between the ages of 8 and 19 months who are at high risk for severe RSV illness. For example, they might be at high risk because they:</p> <ul> <li>Were <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html">born prematurely</a></li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">congenital heart disease</a></li> <li>Have chronic lung disease</li> <li>Have a weakened immune system</li> </ul> <p>The other medicine is given monthly during RSV season. It is for children under 24 months of age who are at high risk for severe RSV illness.</p> <p>There are also some steps you can take to lower your risk of getting or spreading an RSV infection, including:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">Washing your hands</a> often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds</li> <li>Avoiding touching your face, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands</li> <li>Avoiding close contact, such as kissing, shaking hands, and sharing cups and eating utensils, with others if you are sick or they are sick</li> <li>Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces that you frequently touch</li> <li>Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue. Then throw away the tissue and wash your hands</li> <li>Staying home when sick</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Children and Teenagers Infections Lungs and Breathing Virus respiratorio sincitial Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Italian Japanese Khmer Korean Pashto Polish Portuguese Punjabi Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Viral Infections Bronchiolitis RSV Infections Find an Expert American Lung Association Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Lung Association Video Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Start Here Nemours Foundation Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Older Adults Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children American Academy of Pediatrics Video Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention RLS Willis-Ekbom Disease <p>Restless legs syndrome (RLS) causes a powerful urge to move your legs. Your legs become uncomfortable when you are lying down or sitting. Some people describe it as a creeping, crawling, tingling, or burning sensation. Moving makes your legs feel better, but not for long. RLS can make it hard to fall asleep and stay asleep.</p> <p>In most cases, there is no known cause for RLS. In other cases, RLS is caused by a disease or condition, such as anemia or pregnancy. Some medicines can also cause temporary RLS. Caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol may make symptoms worse.</p> <p>Lifestyle changes, such as regular sleep habits, relaxation techniques, and moderate exercise during the day can help. If those don't work, medicines may reduce the symptoms of RLS.</p> <p>Most people with RLS also have a condition called periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). PLMD is a condition in which a person's legs twitch or jerk uncontrollably, usually during sleep. PLMD and RLS can also affect the arms. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Brain and Nerves Síndrome de las piernas inquietas Restless Legs Syndrome Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Leg Injuries and Disorders Movement Disorders Sleep Disorders RLS Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Sleep Medicine Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Related Issues Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here American Academy of Sleep Medicine Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation <p>The retina is a layer of tissue in the back of your eye that senses light and sends images to your brain. It provides the sharp, central vision needed for reading, driving, and seeing fine detail. A retinal detachment lifts or pulls the retina from its normal position. It can occur at any age, but it is more common in people over age 40. It affects men more than women and whites more than African Americans. A retinal detachment is also more likely to occur in people who:</p><ul> <li>Are extremely nearsighted</li> <li>Have had a retinal detachment in the other eye</li> <li>Have a family history of retinal detachment</li> <li>Have had cataract surgery</li> <li>Have other eye diseases or disorders</li> <li>Have had an eye injury</li> </ul> <p>Symptoms include an increase in the number of floaters, which are little "cobwebs" or specks that float about in your field of vision, and/or light flashes in the eye. It may also seem like there is a "curtain" over your field of vision.</p> <p>A retinal detachment is a medical emergency. If not promptly treated, it can cause permanent vision loss. If you have any symptoms, see an eye care professional immediately. Treatment includes different types of surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Eye Institute</p> Eyes and Vision Desprendimiento de retina Retinal Detachment Spanish National Eye Institute Retinal Disorders Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Society of Retina Specialists Start Here American Academy of Ophthalmology Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Related Issues National Eye Institute NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Images VisualDX Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Eye Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus <p>The retina is a layer of tissue in the back of your eye that senses light and sends images to your brain. In the center of this nerve tissue is the macula. It provides the sharp, central vision needed for reading, driving and seeing fine detail.</p> <p>Retinal disorders affect this vital tissue. They can affect your vision, and some can be serious enough to cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">blindness</a>. Examples are:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html">Macular degeneration</a> - a disease that destroys your sharp, central vision</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabeticeyeproblems.html">Diabetic eye disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldetachment.html">Retinal detachment</a> - a medical emergency, when the retina is pulled away from the back of the eye</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecancer.html">Retinoblastoma</a> - cancer of the retina. It is most common in young children.</li> <li>Macular pucker - scar tissue on the macula</li> <li>Macular hole - a small break in the macula that usually happens to people over 60</li> <li>Floaters - cobwebs or specks in your field of vision</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Eye Institute</p> Eyes and Vision Enfermedades de la retina Retinal Diseases Spanish National Eye Institute Diabetic Eye Problems Eye Diseases Macular Degeneration Retinal Detachment Usher Syndrome Floater Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Eye Institute NIH Specifics Foundation Fighting Blindness Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Foundation Fighting Blindness Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Symptoms American Academy of Ophthalmology Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Foundation Fighting Blindness Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Eye Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Related Issues American Academy of Ophthalmology Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Rett syndrome is a rare genetic disease that causes developmental and nervous system problems, mostly in girls. It's related to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html">autism spectrum disorder</a>. Babies with Rett syndrome seem to grow and develop normally at first. Between 3 months and 3 years of age, though, they stop developing and even lose some skills. Symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Loss of speech</li> <li>Loss of hand movements such as grasping</li> <li>Compulsive movements such as hand wringing</li> <li>Balance problems</li> <li>Breathing problems</li> <li>Behavior problems</li> <li>Learning problems or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html">intellectual disability</a></li> </ul> <p>Rett syndrome has no cure. You can treat some of the symptoms with medicines, surgery, and physical and speech therapy. Most people with Rett syndrome live into middle age and beyond. They will usually need care throughout their lives.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Síndrome de Rett Rett Syndrome Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Autism Spectrum Disorder Degenerative Nerve Diseases Developmental Disabilities Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Genetics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>Reye syndrome is a rare illness that can affect the blood, liver, and brain of someone who has recently had a viral infection. It always follows another illness. Although it mostly affects children and teens, anyone can get it. It can develop quickly and without warning. It is most common during flu season. Symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Nausea and vomiting</li> <li>Listlessness </li> <li>Personality change - such as irritability, combativeness or confusion</li> <li>Delirium </li> <li>Convulsions </li> <li>Loss of consciousness</li> </ul> <p>If these symptoms occur soon after a viral illness, seek medical attention immediately. Reye syndrome can lead to a coma and brain death, so quick diagnosis and treatment are critical. Treatment focuses on preventing brain damage. There is no cure.</p> <p>The cause of Reye syndrome is unknown. Studies have shown that taking aspirin increases the risk of getting it. Because of that, health care professionals now recommend other pain relievers for young patients.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Síndrome de Reye Reye Syndrome Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH <p>There are four major <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html">blood</a> types: A, B, O, and AB. The types are based on substances on the surface of the blood cells. Another blood type is called Rh. Rh factor is a protein on red blood cells. Most people are Rh-positive; they have Rh factor. Rh-negative people don't have it. Rh factor is inherited through genes.</p> <p>When you're <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnant</a>, blood from your baby can cross into your bloodstream, especially during delivery. If you're Rh-negative and your baby is Rh-positive, your body will react to the baby's blood as a foreign substance. It will create antibodies (proteins) against the baby's blood. These antibodies usually don't cause problems during a first pregnancy.</p> <p>But Rh incompatibility may cause problems in later pregnancies, if the baby is Rh-positive. This is because the antibodies stay in your body once they have formed. The antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the baby's red blood cells. The baby could get Rh disease, a serious condition that can cause a serious type of anemia.</p> <p>Blood tests can tell whether you have Rh factor and whether your body has made antibodies. Injections of a medicine called Rh immune globulin can keep your body from making Rh antibodies. It helps prevent the problems of Rh incompatibility. If treatment is needed for the baby, it can include supplements to help the body to make red blood cells and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">blood transfusions</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Pregnancy and Reproduction Incompatibilidad Rh Rh Isoimmunization Erythroblastosis, Fetal Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Erythroblastosis Fetalis Hemolytic Disease of Newborn Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Children's Hospital and Health System, Inc. Journal Articles Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Nemours Foundation RA <p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a form of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">arthritis</a> that causes pain, swelling, stiffness and loss of function in your joints. It can affect any joint but is common in the wrist and fingers.</p> <p>More women than men get rheumatoid arthritis. It often starts in middle age and is most common in older people. You might have the disease for only a short time, or symptoms might come and go. The severe form can last a lifetime.</p> <p>Rheumatoid arthritis is different from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html">osteoarthritis</a>, the common arthritis that often comes with older age. RA can affect body parts besides joints, such as your eyes, mouth and lungs. RA is an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune disease</a>, which means the arthritis results from your immune system attacking your body's own tissues.</p> <p>No one knows what causes rheumatoid arthritis. Genes, environment, and hormones might contribute. Treatments include medicine, lifestyle changes, and surgery. These can slow or stop joint damage and reduce pain and swelling.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Immune System Artritis reumatoide Arthritis, Rheumatoid Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Korean Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Ankylosing Spondylitis Arthritis Juvenile Arthritis Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Arthritis Foundation PDF Find an Expert Arthritis Foundation Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Related Issues American College of Rheumatology Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Treatments and Therapies American College of Rheumatology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Women American College of Rheumatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Videos and Tutorials Johns Hopkins Medicine Video Specifics American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Rachitis <p>Rickets causes soft, weak bones in children. It usually occurs when they do not get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminddeficiency.html">enough vitamin D</a>, which helps growing bones absorb the minerals calcium and phosphorous. It can also happen when calcium or phosphorus levels are too low.</p> <p>Your child might not get enough vitamin D if he or she:</p><ul> <li>Has dark skin</li> <li>Spends too little time outside</li> <li>Has on sunscreen all the time when out of doors</li> <li>Doesn't eat foods containing vitamin D because of lactose intolerance or a strict vegetarian diet</li> <li>Is breastfed without receiving vitamin D supplements</li> <li>Can't make or use vitamin D because of a medical disorder such as celiac disease</li> </ul> <p>In addition to dietary rickets, children can get an inherited form of the disease. Symptoms include bone pain or tenderness, impaired growth, and deformities of the bones and teeth. Your child's doctor uses lab and imaging tests to make the diagnosis. Treatment is replacing the calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D that are lacking in the diet. Rickets is rare in the United States.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Metabolic Problems Raquitismo Rickets Rickets, Hypophosphatemic Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Vitamin D Deficiency Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Enfermedades por estar sentado mucho tiempo Riesgos a la salud de una vida inactiva <h3>¿Qué es un estilo de vida inactivo?</h3> <p>Ser un haragán. No hacer ejercicio. Estilo de vida sedentario o inactivo. Usted quizás ha escuchado todas estas frases, y es que significan lo mismo: Estar mucho tiempo sentado o acostado, haciendo poco o nada de ejercicio.</p> <p>En los Estados Unidos y en todo el mundo, la gente pasa más y más tiempo en forma sedentaria. Durante nuestro tiempo libre estamos a menudo sentados, ya sea frente a la computadora u otro dispositivo, viendo la televisión o jugando videojuegos. Muchos de nuestros trabajos se han vuelto más inactivos, con largos días sentados en un escritorio. La manera de transportarnos tampoco nos ayuda: coches, autobuses y trenes.</p> <h3>¿Cómo afecta un estilo de vida sedentario a su cuerpo?</h3> <p>Cuando usted tiene un estilo de vida inactivo:</p> <ul> <li>Quema menos calorías. Esto hace que usted tenga más probabilidades de subir de peso</li> <li>Puede perder masa muscular y resistencia, porque no usa tanto sus músculos </li> <li>Los huesos se debilitan y pierden algo de su contenido mineral</li> <li>Su metabolismo puede verse afectado y su cuerpo puede tener más problemas para sintetizar grasas y azúcares</li> <li>Su sistema inmunitario quizás no funcione tan bien</li> <li> Puede tener una mala circulación de la sangre</li> <li>Su cuerpo puede tener más inflamación</li> <li>Puede desarrollar un desequilibrio hormonal</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los riesgos para la salud de un estilo de vida sedentario?</h3> <p>Un estilo de vida inactivo puede ser una causa de muchas enfermedades crónicas. Al no hacer ejercicio en forma regular, aumenta el riesgo de:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">Enfermedades del corazón</a>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad coronaria</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">infarto</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial alta</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterol.html">Colesterol alto</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Accidente cerebrovascular</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html">Síndrome metabólico</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">Diabetes tipo 2</a></li> <li>Ciertos tipos de cáncer, incluidos los de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html">colon</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html">seno</a> y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html">útero</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">Osteoporosis</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/falls.html">caídas</a></li> <li>Aumento de sentimientos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a></li> </ul> <p>Tener un estilo de vida inactivo también puede aumentar su riesgo de muerte prematura. Y cuanto más sedentario sea, mayor es el riesgo para su salud.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo empezar a hacer ejercicio?</h3> <p>Si usted ha sido sedentario, puede que tenga que comenzar lentamente. Usted puede seguir agregando más ejercicio en forma gradual. Cuanto más pueda hacer, mejor. Pero trate de no abrumarse y haga lo que pueda. Hacer poco ejercicio es siempre mejor que nada. Eventualmente, su meta podrá llegar a hacer la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">cantidad recomendada de ejercicio</a> para su edad y salud.</p> <p>Hay muchas maneras diferentes de hacer ejercicio, lo importante es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">encontrar los tipos que sean mejores</a> para usted. También puede tratar de añadir actividad física a su vida en pequeñas formas, como en la casa y el trabajo.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo ser más activo en la casa?</h3> <p>Hay algunas formas de ser más activos en la casa:</p> <ul> <li>Las labores de la casa y en el jardín son actividades físicas. Para aumentar la intensidad, puede intentar hacerlo a un ritmo más fuerte</li> <li>Manténgase en movimiento mientras ve televisión. Puede levantar pesas de mano, hacer algunos estiramientos suaves de yoga o pedalear una bicicleta estática. En lugar de usar el control remoto del televisor, levántese y cambie los canales usted mismo</li> <li>Haga ejercicio en casa con un video de entrenamiento (en su televisor o en internet)</li> <li>Camine por su vecindario. Puede ser más divertido si camina con su perro, con un amigo o si acompaña a sus hijos a la escuela</li> <li>Póngase de pie cuando hable por teléfono</li> <li>Consiga algunos equipos de ejercicio para su hogar. Las cintas de correr y elípticas son grandes, y no todo el mundo tiene el dinero o el espacio para uno. Los equipos más económicos, como bolas de yoga, colchonetas de ejercicio, bandas elásticas y pesas de mano pueden ayudarle a hacer actividad física en casa</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo ser más activo en el trabajo?</h3> <p>La mayoría de nosotros nos sentamos cuando estamos trabajando, a menudo frente a una computadora. De hecho, menos del 20% de los estadounidenses tiene un trabajo físicamente activo. Puede ser un reto incluir actividad física en su día de trabajo, pero aquí presentamos algunas sugerencias para ayudarle a moverse:</p> <ul> <li>Levántese de su silla y muévase al menos una vez por hora</li> <li>Póngase de pie cuando esté hablando por teléfono</li> <li>Averigüe si su empresa puede conseguirle un escritorio con una cinta de correr </li> <li>Use las escaleras en lugar del elevador</li> <li>Use su descanso o parte de su hora de almuerzo para caminar alrededor del lugar donde trabaja</li> <li>Levántese y camine a la oficina de un colega en vez de enviar un correo electrónico</li> <li>Mantenga reuniones mientras camina o reúnase de pie con compañeros de trabajo en lugar de sentarse en una sala de conferencias</li> </ul> Bienestar y estilo de vida Aptitud física y ejercicio Health Risks of an Inactive Lifestyle Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón PDF <h3>¿Qué son los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo?</h3> <p>Los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo son sustancias que pueden afectar la salud reproductiva de mujeres y hombres. También incluyen sustancias que afectan la capacidad delas personas de tener hijos sanos. Estas sustancias pueden ser químicas, físicas o biológicas. Algunos tipos comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">Alcohol</a></li> <li>Químicos como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html">pesticidas</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Tabaco</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">Drogas</a> legales e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">ilegales</a></li> <li>Metales como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html">plomo</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mercury.html">mercurio</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html">Radiación</a></li> <li>Algunos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virus</a></li> </ul> <p>Se puede exponer a estos riesgos a través del contacto con la piel, la respiración o tragarlos. Esto puede ocurrir en cualquier parte, pero es más común en el lugar de trabajo o en el hogar.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los efectos de los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo?</h3> <p>Los posibles efectos en la salud de los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html">fertilidad</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/miscarriage.html">pérdida del embarazo</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">defectos congénitos</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html">trastornos del desarrollo</a> en niños. El tipo de efectos en la salud y qué tan serios son dependen de muchos factores, como:</p> <ul> <li>El tipo de sustancia </li> <li>La cantidad a la que estuvo expuesto</li> <li>Cuánto y cuán seguido estuvo expuesto</li> <li>Cómo reaccionó a la sustancia</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo afectan a los hombres?</h3> <p>Una sustancia puede afectar los espermatozoides en los hombres, ya sea la cantidad, su forma o cómo nadan. También puede dañar su ADN. Puede que no sea capaz de fecundar el óvulo, o que cause problemas con el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">desarrollo del feto</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo afectan a las mujeres?</h3> <p>Para la mujer, una sustancia riesgosa para el sistema reproductivo puede afectar su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">ciclo menstrual</a>. Puede causar un desequilibrio hormonal, lo que puede aumentar el riesgo de enfermedades como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">enfermedad cardiaca</a> y ciertos tipos de cáncer. También puede afectar la capacidad de una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html">mujer de quedar embarazada</a>. </p> <p>Una mujer expuesta a estos riesgos durante el embarazo puede tener diferentes efectos, dependiendo de cuándo estuvo expuesta. Durante los primeros 3 meses de gestación, puede causar defectos congénitos o pérdida del embarazo. Durante los últimos 6 meses de gestación, puede retrasar el crecimiento del feto, afectar el desarrollo de su cerebro o llevar a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html">trabajo de parto prematuro</a>. </p> <h3>¿Cómo se pueden evitar los riesgos para el sistema reproductivo?</h3> <p>Para intentar evitar peligros reproductivos:</p> <ul> <li>Evite el alcohol y las drogas ilegales <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">durante el embarazo</a></li> <li>Si fuma, trate de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejarlo</a>. Y si no fuma, no empiece a fumar</li> <li>Tome precauciones si está utilizando productos químicos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/householdproducts.html">domésticos</a> o pesticidas</li> <li>Use buena <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">higiene</a>, incluyendo lavado de manos</li> <li>Si hay riesgos en su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealth.html">trabajo</a>, asegúrese de seguir prácticas y procedimientos de trabajo seguros </li> </ul> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Hombres Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor femenino Sistema reproductor masculino Reproductive Hazards Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Cuidado prenatal Defectos congénitos Embarazo Embarazo y consumo de sustancias Infecciones de transmisión sexual Infecciones durante el embarazo Infertilidad Medicinas durante el embarazo Preconcepción Salud sexual del adolescente Ovulación Reproductiva, Salud Salud reproductiva Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Fiebre de heno <p>Cada primavera, verano y otoño, árboles, malezas y pasto liberan pequeños granos de polen al ambiente. Algunos de ellos terminan en su nariz y garganta. Esto puede provocar un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">alergia</a> llamada rinitis alérgica.</p> <p>Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li> Estornudos, a menudo con congestión o romadizo nasal</li> <li> Tos y goteo nasal posterior</li> <li> Picazón de ojos, nariz y garganta</li> <li> Ojeras </li> </ul> <p>Su proveedor de salud puede diagnosticar la rinitis alérgica con un examen físico y sus síntomas. A veces se utilizan pruebas de sangre o de piel. Algunas medicinas y sprays nasales pueden aliviar los síntomas. También puede hacerse enjuagues nasales, pero asegúrese de usar agua destilada o esterilizada con sal. Las inyecciones para la alergia pueden hacerlo menos sensible al polen y brindar alivio a largo plazo. </p> Oído, nariz y garganta Sistema inmunitario Hay Fever Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Alergia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Adultos Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>Roncar es el sonido que hace cuando su respiración se bloquea mientras duerme. El sonido es causado por tejidos en la parte superior de las vías respiratorias que se golpean entre sí y vibran. El ronquido es común, especialmente en adultos mayores y personas con sobrepeso.</p> <p>Cuando es severo, el ronquido puede causar que se despierte frecuentemente durante la noche y somnolencia diurna. Además, puede interrumpir el sueño de su compañero de cama. Los ronquidos también pueden ser un signo de un trastorno serio llamado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">apnea del sueño</a>. Vea a su profesional de la salud si a menudo está cansado durante el día, no siente que duerme bien o se despierta jadeando. </p> <p>Para reducir los ronquidos:</p> <ul> <li> Si tiene sobrepeso, adelgazar puede ayudar, pero las personas delgadas también pueden roncar </li> <li>Reduzca o evite el alcohol y otros sedantes al acostarse</li> <li> No duerma boca arriba </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Oído, nariz y garganta Salud oral y dental Snoring Apnea del sueño Problemas del sueño Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Acne rosacea <p>Rosacea is a long-term disease that affects your skin and sometimes your eyes. It causes redness and pimples. Rosacea is most common in women and people with fair skin. It most often affects middle-aged and older adults.</p> <p>In most cases, rosacea only affects the face. Symptoms can include:</p><ul> <li>Frequent redness of the face, or flushing </li> <li>Small, red lines under the skin</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html">Acne</a></li> <li>A swollen nose</li> <li>Thick skin, usually on the forehead, chin, and cheeks </li> <li>Red, dry, itchy eyes and sometimes vision problems </li> </ul> <p>No one knows what causes rosacea. You may be more likely to have it if you blush a lot or if rosacea runs in your family. Rosacea is not dangerous. There is no cure, but treatments can help. They include medicines and sometimes surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Rosácea Rosacea Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Acne Acne Rosacea Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With National Rosacea Society Living With National Rosacea Society Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Living With National Rosacea Society Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research National Rosacea Society Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Rosacea Society Start Here Images VisualDX Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Rosacea Society Women National Rosacea Society Acné rosácea <p>La rosácea es una enfermedad crónica que afecta la piel y algunas veces los ojos. Causa enrojecimiento de la piel y espinillas. La rosácea es más común entre las mujeres y las personas de piel clara. Suele afectar a adultos de edad mediana y avanzada. </p> <p>En la mayoría de los casos, la rosácea sólo afecta la cara. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li> Enrojecimiento frecuente de la cara </li> <li> Pequeñas líneas rojas debajo de la piel</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html">Acné</a> </li> <li> Inflamación de la nariz </li> <li> Piel gruesa, generalmente en la frente, la barbilla y las mejillas </li> </ul> <p>Muchas personas con rosácea también presentan síntomas en los ojos, como enrojecimiento, sequedad y picazón. A veces ocurren problemas a la vista.</p> <p>No se conoce la causa de la rosácea. Es posible que tenga más probabilidades de tenerla si se enrojece con facilidad o si hay casos de rosácea en su familia. La rosácea no es peligrosa. No existe cura, pero tratamientos pueden ayudar. Estos incluyen medicinas y algunas veces cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Piel, cabello y uñas Rosacea Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Acné Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer <h3>What is a rotator cuff?</h3> <p>Your rotator cuff is part of your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html">shoulder joint</a>. It's a group of muscles and tendons that holds the top part of your upper arm bone firmly in your shoulder socket. The rotator cuff keeps your shoulder stable when you move your arm in any direction.</p> <h3>What are rotator cuff injuries?</h3> <p>Rotator cuff injuries are common. Most of them are wear-and-tear injuries from doing the same arm movements over and over - especially reaching over your head. With time, the tissues in the rotator cuff break down, leading to these injuries:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html">Tendinitis</a>.</strong> The tendons in the rotator cuff connect your muscles to your shoulder bones. In tendinitis, the tendons become irritated and swollen from being pinched during shoulder movements.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bursitis.html">Bursitis</a>.</strong> The bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac that pads the space between the rotator cuff and the bones of your shoulder. Bursitis happens when the muscle and bone rub the bursa too much. It swells with extra fluid, which causes pain</li> <li><strong>Rotator cuff tears.</strong> Tears in a rotator cuff tendon can happen over time or suddenly from an injury, such as falling on an outstretched arm or lifting something heavy. A tear may go part way through a tendon (partial tear) or all the way through (full tear).</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop a rotator cuff injury?</h3> <p>Anyone can develop a rotator cuff injury. But certain people are more likely to have one:</p> <ul> <li><strong>People over age 40.</strong> Most rotator cuff injuries are from the wear and tear of aging. By age 80, most adults have tears.</li> <li><strong>Athletes.</strong> Playing sports with repeated shoulder movements increases the risk of a rotator cuff injury, for example, tennis, swimming, and baseball - especially pitching.</li> <li><strong>People in jobs that require a lot of reaching overhead or heavy lifting.</strong> Carpenters, construction workers, and painters are examples of workers who may be more likely to have rotator cuff problems.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of rotator cuff injuries?</h3> <p>Rotator cuff injuries don't always cause pain. But when they do, the pain is often in the top part of your arm or shoulder. You may feel more pain when you:</p> <ul> <li>Lie down, especially on the injured shoulder</li> <li>Lift your arm or lower it to the front or side</li> <li>Reach behind your back</li> </ul> <p>Other symptoms from a torn rotator cuff may include:</p> <ul> <li>Loss of strength in the arm</li> <li>Clicking or popping sounds when you move your arm</li> </ul> <h3>How are rotator cuff injuries diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have a rotator cuff injury, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will examine your shoulder. This includes checking the range of motion and where the pain is.</li> <li>Will test your arm and shoulder strength.</li> <li>May order <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-rays</a>, an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a>, or an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI scan</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for rotator cuff injuries?</h3> <p>The best treatment for you depends on your age, how much your injury bothers you, and whether your injury was sudden or happened from wear and tear.</p> <p>Treatments for rotator cuff injuries often include:</p> <ul> <li>Rest</li> <li>Putting ice or a cold pack on the sore area</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">Pain relievers</a> to lessen pain and swelling, such as ibuprofen or aspirin</li> <li>Physical therapy exercises to strengthen your shoulder and improve movement</li> <li>A corticosteroid shot into your shoulder joint if other treatments don't help with the pain</li> </ul> <p>Treatments for rotator cuff tendinitis and bursitis may also include ultrasound therapy. Surgery may be an option if your shoulder doesn't feel better in 6 to 12 months.</p> <p>Treatments for a torn rotator cuff may also include heat to the sore area or electrical stimulation of the nerves and muscles (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, TENS).</p> <p>You provider may suggest surgery if your tear is large or is from a recent injury, or symptoms last for 6 to 12 months.</p> <h3>When should I see a health care provider for shoulder pain?</h3> <p>If certain activities bother your shoulder, it's best to stop doing them and check with your provider. That's because early treatment can prevent mild rotator cuff injuries from becoming more serious later on. If you your arm feels weak right after a sudden injury to your shoulder, see your provider as soon as possible.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones del manguito rotatorio del hombro Rotator Cuff Injuries Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Arm Injuries and Disorders Shoulder Injuries and Disorders Shoulder Impingement Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>El rotavirus es un virus que causa <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastroenteritis.html">gastroenteritis</a>. Síntomas incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a> severa, vómitos, fiebre y deshidratación. Casi todos los niños en Estados Unidos probablemente se infecten de rotavirus antes de cumplir los cinco años.</p> <p>Las infecciones ocurren casi siempre en invierno o en primavera. Es muy fácil que los niños con este virus se lo contagien a otros menores y a veces a los adultos. Una vez que un niño adquiere el virus toma unos dos días para que se enferme. Los vómitos y la diarrea pueden durar entre tres y ocho días. </p> <p>No hay medicinas para tratarlo. Para prevenir la deshidratación, dele muchos líquidos a su niño. Su proveedor de salud puede recetarle líquidos de rehidratación oral. Algunos niños necesitan ir a un hospital para recibir líquidos por vía intravenosa. Dos vacunas están disponibles contra infecciones por rotavirus.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Rotavirus Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Diarrea Gastroenteritis Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF <p>Rotavirus is a virus that causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastroenteritis.html">gastroenteritis</a>. Symptoms include severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. Almost all children in the U.S. are likely to be infected with rotavirus before their 5th birthday.</p> <p>Infections happen most often in the winter and spring. It is very easy for children with the virus to spread it to other children and sometimes to adults. Once a child gets the virus, it takes about two days to become sick. Vomiting and diarrhea may last from three to eight days.</p> <p>There is no medicine to treat it. To prevent dehydration, have your child drink plenty of liquids. Your health care provider may recommend oral rehydration drinks. Some children need to go to the hospital for IV fluids. Two vaccines against rotavirus infections are available.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Rotavirus Rotavirus Infections Arabic Armenian Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi French Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Japanese Khmer Korean Pashto Portuguese Punjabi Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Diarrhea Gastroenteritis Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Start Here National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Start Here Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Pediatrics German measles Three day measles <p>Rubella is an infection caused by a virus. It is usually mild with fever and a rash. About half of the people who get rubella do not have symptoms. If you do get them, symptoms may include:</p><ul> <li>A rash that starts on the face and spreads to the body</li> <li>Mild fever</li> <li>Aching joints, especially in young women</li> <li>Swollen glands</li> </ul> <p>Rubella is most dangerous for a pregnant woman's baby. It can cause miscarriage or birth defects.</p> <p>Rubella spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes. People without symptoms can still spread it. There is no treatment, but the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine can prevent it.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Children and Teenagers Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Rubéola Rubella Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Indonesian Italian Japanese Khmer Korean Marshallese Pashto Polish Portuguese Punjabi Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Childhood Vaccines Vaccines German Measles Three Day Measles Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Find an Expert National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Start Here World Health Organization Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Immunization Action Coalition PDF Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Rubeola Sarampión alemán Sarampión de tres días <p>La rubéola es una infección causada por un virus. Generalmente, es leve y se presenta con fiebre y erupción aunque la mitad de las personas que la tienen no presentan síntomas. Pero si los tienen, estos pueden ser:</p><ul> <li>Erupción que comienza en la cara y se extiende al cuerpo </li> <li>Poca fiebre </li> <li>Dolor en las articulaciones, sobre todo en mujeres jóvenes </li> <li>Ganglios inflamados </li> </ul> <p>La rubéola sí es peligrosa durante el embarazo. Puede causar un aborto espontáneo o defectos de nacimiento. </p> <p>La rubéola se contagia cuando una persona tose o estornuda. La gente que no presenta síntomas también puede contagiarla. No hay tratamiento, por lo tanto, lo mejor es prevenirla con la vacuna. En Estados Unidos, ésta se llama MMR que es una vacuna combinada para el sarampión, paperas y rubéola. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Niños y adolescentes Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Rubella Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Vacunación Vacunas para los niños Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Más información Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría <p>El ruido está en todas partes a su alrededor, desde los televisores y las radios hasta las podadoras de césped y las máquinas lavadoras de ropa. En general, estos sonidos se escuchan a niveles seguros que no afectan su audición. Pero los sonidos demasiado altos o los que son altos por un largo período son dañinos. Estos pueden lastimar las estructuras sensibles del oído interno y causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">pérdida de audición</a> causada por el ruido.</p> <p>Más de 30 millones de estadounidenses están expuestos a niveles nocivos de ruido en forma habitual. Los niveles nocivos de ruidos son mayores de 80 decibeles, lo que no es tan ruidoso como el tráfico de una calle muy transitada. Escuchar música con volumen alto, especialmente con audífonos, es una causa común de la pérdida de audición por el ruido. Usted puede proteger su audición al:</p> <ul> <li>Mantener un bajo volumen cuando se escucha música </li> <li>Usar tapones para los oídos al usar equipos ruidosos</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación</p> Oído, nariz y garganta Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Noise Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Problemas de la audición y sordera Salud ocupacional Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación PDF NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación PDF NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación PDF NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Video NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH <p>Around 15% of people in the United States live in rural areas. There are many different reasons why you might choose to live in a rural community. You may want a lower cost of living and a slower pace of life. You may enjoy having access to big, open spaces for recreation. Rural areas are less crowded and can offer more privacy. You may choose a rural area so that you can live near your family and friends.</p> <p>But there are also challenges to living in a rural area, including when it comes to taking care of your health. Compared to urban areas, rural communities tend to have:</p><ul> <li>Higher poverty rates.</li> <li>A higher percentage of older adults, who are more likely to have chronic health problems.</li> <li>More residents without health insurance.</li> <li>Less access to health care. For example, clinics and hospitals may be far away.</li> <li>Higher rates of certain substance use, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">cigarette smoking</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioid</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/methamphetamine.html">methamphetamine</a> misuse.</li> <li>Higher rates of chronic health problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>.</li> <li>More exposure to environmental hazards, such as chemicals used for farming.</li> </ul> <p>There are solutions to deal with these problems. A few examples include:</p><ul> <li>Clinics offering <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html">telehealth</a> to provide care for people who live far away from specialists or can't easily get to their providers' offices.</li> <li>Local public health agencies working with their communities to promote healthy living. They can provide wellness and exercise classes and start a farmer's market.</li> <li>Local governments adding bike lanes and trails to encourage people to bike and walk.</li> <li>Rural schools can offer counseling and mental health services for their students.</li> </ul> Health System Salud rural Rural Health Services Rural Population Rural Health Spanish Telehealth Related Issues Rural Health Information Hub Related Issues Rural Health Information Hub Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Health Resources and Services Administration Related Issues Rural Health Information Hub Journal Articles Related Issues Rural Health Information Hub Related Issues Rural Health Information Hub Related Issues Rural Health Information Hub Related Issues Rural Health Information Hub Related Issues Rural Health Information Hub Prevention and Risk Factors Rural Health Information Hub Related Issues Rural Health Information Hub Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Rural Health Information Hub Start Here Rural Information Center <h3>What are opioids?</h3> <p>Opioids, sometimes called narcotics, are a type of drug. They include strong prescription <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a> such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and tramadol. The illegal drug <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heroin.html">heroin</a> is also an opioid.</p> <p>A health care provider may give you a prescription opioid to reduce pain after you have had a major injury or surgery. You may get them if you have severe pain from health conditions like cancer. Some providers prescribe them for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">chronic pain</a>.</p> <p>Prescription opioids used for pain relief are generally safe when taken for a short time and as prescribed by your provider. However, people who take opioids are at risk for <a href="opioidmisuseandaddiction.html" tid="6431">opioid use disorder (OUD)</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/opioidoverdose.html">overdose</a>. These risks increase when opioids are misused. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html">Misuse</a> can include taking more than your prescribed dose or taking it more often, using it to get high, or taking someone else's opioids.</p> <h3>How do I know if I need to take opioid medicines?</h3> <p>First, you need to talk with your provider about whether you need to take opioids. You should discuss:</p><ul> <li>Whether there are other medicines or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nondrugpainmanagement.html">therapies</a> that might treat your pain</li> <li>The risks and benefits of taking opioids</li> <li>Your medical history and if you or anyone in your family has a history of substance misuse, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">drug addiction</a>, or <a href="alcoholusedisorderaud.html" tid="120">alcohol use disorder (AUD)</a></li> <li>Any other medicines and supplements you are taking</li> <li>How much alcohol you drink</li> <li>If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant</li> </ul> <h3>What do I need to know if I am going to take opioid medicines?</h3> <p>If you and your provider decide that you need to take opioids, make sure that you understand:</p><ul> <li>How to take the medicine - how much and how often.</li> <li>How long you will need to take the medicine.</li> <li>What the possible side effects are.</li> <li>How you should stop the medicines when you no longer need them. If you have been taking opioids for a while, it can be dangerous to just stop suddenly. You may need to get off the medicines slowly.</li> <li>What the warning signs of addiction are, so you can watch for them. They include:</li> <ul> <li>Regularly taking more medicine than you are supposed to</li> <li>Taking someone else's opioids</li> <li>Taking the medicine to get high</li> <li>Mood swings, depression, and/or anxiety</li> <li>Needing too much or too little sleep</li> <li>Trouble making decisions</li> <li>Feeling high or sedated</li> </ul> </ul> <p>If you have a high risk for an overdose, you will want to get naloxone from a pharmacy and carry it with with you wherever you go. Naloxone is a medicine that can reverse the effects of an opioid overdose.</p> <h3>How can I take my opioid medicine safely?</h3> <p>You should always be careful when taking any medicine, but you need to take extra care when taking opioids:</p><ul> <li>Take your medicine exactly as prescribed - do not take extra doses.</li> <li>Check the instructions every time you take a dose.</li> <li>Do not break, chew, crush, or dissolve opioid pills.</li> <li>Opioids can cause drowsiness. Do not drive or use any machinery that may injure you, especially when you first start the medicine.</li> <li>Contact your provider if you have side effects.</li> <li>If you can, use the same pharmacy for all your medicines. The pharmacy's computer system will alert the pharmacist if you are taking two or more medicines that could cause a dangerous interaction.</li> </ul> <h3>How can I safely store and dispose opioid medicines?</h3> <p>It is important to store and dispose of opioid medicines properly:</p><ul> <li><strong>Store your opioids and other medicines in a safe place.</strong> If you have children at home, it's a good idea to store your medicines in a lockbox. Even one accidental dose of an opioid pain medicine meant for an adult can cause a fatal overdose in a child. Also, someone who lives with you or visits your house may look for and steal your opioid medicines to take or sell them.</li> <li><strong>If you travel, carry the current bottle of opioids with you for safety.</strong> This will help you answer any questions about your medicine.</li> <li><strong>Dispose of your unused medicine properly.</strong> If you have unused opioid medicines at the end of your treatment, you can get rid of them by:</li> <ul> <li>Finding a local drug take-back program</li> <li>Finding a pharmacy mail-back program</li> <li>In some cases, flushing them down the toilet - check the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) web site to find out which ones you can flush away</li> </ul> <li><strong>Never sell or share your medicines.</strong> Your prescription is for you. Your health care provider considers many factors when prescribing opioids. What's safe for you might lead to an overdose for someone else.</li> <li><strong>If someone steals your opioid medicines or prescription, report the theft to the police.</strong></li> </ul> Substance Use and Disorders Uso seguro de opioides Prescription Drug Misuse prevention & control Drug Overdose prevention & control Spanish National Institute on Drug Abuse Learn More National Library of Medicine Video NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Food and Drug Administration Accident prevention <p>You can't remove all the safety hazards from your life, but you can reduce them. To avoid many major hazards and prepare for emergencies:</p><ul> <li> Keep emergency phone numbers by your telephones</li> <li> Make a first aid kit for your home</li> <li> Make a family emergency plan</li> <li> Install and maintain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/firesafety.html">smoke</a> alarms and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html">carbon monoxide</a> detectors</li> <li> Keep guns unloaded and locked up. Lock up the ammunition separately. </li> <li> Follow the directions carefully when using tools or equipment</li> </ul> <p>Young <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childsafety.html">children</a> are especially at risk. Supervision is the best way to keep them safe. Childproofing the house can also help.</p> Safety Issues Seguridad Safety Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Accident Prevention Learn More American Red Cross Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Learn More Consumer Product Safety Commission PDF Learn More Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Learn More Consumer Product Safety Commission PDF Learn More Medical Encyclopedia <p>Your salivary glands make saliva - sometimes called spit - and empty it into your mouth through openings called ducts. Saliva makes your food moist, which helps you chew and swallow. It helps you digest your food. It also cleans your mouth and contains antibodies that can kill germs.</p> <p>Salivary gland cancer is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html">head and neck cancer</a>. It is rare. It may not cause any symptoms, or you could notice:</p><ul> <li>A lump in your ear, cheek, jaw, lip, or inside the mouth</li> <li>Fluid draining from your ear</li> <li>Trouble swallowing or opening the mouth widely</li> <li>Numbness, weakness, or pain in your face</li> </ul> <p>Doctors diagnose salivary gland cancer using a physical exam, imaging tests, and a biopsy. Treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Mouth and Teeth Cáncer de la glándulas salivales Salivary Gland Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Salivary Gland Disorders Parotid Gland Cancer Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Start Here National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society <p>Your salivary glands are in your mouth. You have three pairs of major salivary glands and hundreds of small (minor) glands. They make saliva (spit) and empty it into your mouth through openings called ducts. Saliva makes your food moist, which helps you chew and swallow. It helps you digest your food. It also cleans your mouth and contains antibodies that can kill germs. </p> <p>Problems with salivary glands can cause them to become irritated and swollen. You may have symptoms such as:</p><ul> <li>A bad taste in your mouth</li> <li>Difficulty opening your mouth </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html">Dry mouth</a></li> <li>Pain in your face or mouth</li> <li>Swelling of your face or neck</li> </ul> <p>Causes of salivary gland problems include infections, obstruction, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/salivaryglandcancer.html">cancer</a>. Problems can also be due to other disorders, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mumps.html">mumps</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sjogrenssyndrome.html">Sjogren's syndrome</a>. </p> Mouth and Teeth Enfermedades de las glándulas salivales Salivary Gland Diseases Spanish National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Dry Mouth Mumps Salivary Gland Cancer Sjogren's Syndrome Parotid Gland Disorders Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation <p>Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria. In the United States, it is a common cause of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">foodborne illness</a>. Salmonella occurs in raw poultry, eggs, beef, and sometimes on unwashed fruit and vegetables. You also can get infected after handling pets, especially reptiles like snakes, turtles, and lizards.</p> <p>Symptoms include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> <li>Abdominal cramps</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> <li>Possible <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea, vomiting</a>, and loss of appetite</li> </ul> <p>Symptoms usually last 4-7 days. Your health care provider diagnoses the infection with a stool test. Most people get better without treatment. Infection can be more serious in older adults, infants, and people with chronic health problems. If Salmonella gets into the bloodstream, it can be serious. The usual treatment is antibiotics.</p> <p>Typhoid fever, a more serious disease caused by Salmonella, is not common in the United States. It frequently occurs in developing countries.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</p> Infections Infecciones por salmonela Salmonella Infections Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi Hmong Khmer Korean Spanish Spanish Tagalog Turkish Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Foodborne Illness Typhoid Fever Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Women March of Dimes Foundation Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Related Issues American Veterinary Medical Association Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Medio ambiente y usted <p>El medio ambiente afecta nuestra salud. Si algunas partes del medio ambiente, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/airpollution.html">aire</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/waterpollution.html">agua</a> o la tierra, se contaminan, puede causar problemas de salud. Por ejemplo, contaminantes y otras sustancias químicas en el aire o en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/indoorairpollution.html">hogar</a> pueden desencadenar crisis de asma.</p> <p>Algunos riesgos ambientales son parte del mundo natural, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radon.html">radón</a> en la tierra. Otros son resultado de actividades humanas, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html">intoxicación por plomo</a> en la pintura o la exposición al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asbestos.html">asbesto</a> o al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mercury.html">mercurio</a> por su uso en la minería e industrias.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental</p> Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Environmental Health Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental Agua potable Campos electromagnéticos Contaminación de interiores Contaminación del agua Contaminación del aire Derrame de petróleo Exposición a la radiación Moho Pesticidas Ruido Salud ocupacional Ambiente, Salud del Cambio del clima Climático, Cambio Medioambiente, Salud del Spanish/Español Especialistas Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Niños/as Organización Panamericana de la Salud PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental PDF NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Personas mayores Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de las Ciencias de Salud Ambiental NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH <p>Los miembros de las fuerzas armadas y los veteranos pueden enfrentar problemas de salud diferentes a los de la población civil. Sus familias también pueden enfrentar algunos desafíos únicos incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Estar separados de sus seres queridos</li> <li>Preocuparse por la seguridad de sus seres queridos en zonas de combate</li> <li>Sobrellevar la situación como padre o madre soltero/a mientras su pareja esté desplegada</li> <li>Tener que mudarse con frecuencia</li> <li>Ayudar a su ser querido a lidiar con enfermedades y lesiones causadas por el combate, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html">discapacidades</a>. Esto puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregiverhealth.html">estrés del cuidador</a></li> <li>Ayudar a su ser querido a afrontar los efectos del servicio militar en la salud mental. Estos podrían incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y <a href="../spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" tid="2099">trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT)</a></li> </ul> <p>Hacer frente a estos desafíos puede ser difícil. Algunas posibles fuentes de ayuda incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Obtener apoyo de su familia y comunidad</li> <li>Utilizar programas militares de alcance, que ayudan a las familias a sentirse menos aisladas</li> <li>Consejería profesional</li> </ul> Grupos especiales Veterans and Military Family Health Salud del veterano y personal militar Militar, Salud de la familia del Veterano, Salud de la familia del Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional para el TEPT Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro Nacional para el TEPT Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional para el TEPT Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro Nacional para el TEPT Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente <p>Las mascotas pueden agregarle diversión, compañía y una sensación de seguridad a su vida. Antes de adquirir una mascota, piense cuidadosamente acerca de qué animal es el mejor para su familia. ¿Qué es lo que cada integrante de la familia busca en una mascota? ¿Quién va a cuidarla? ¿Alguna persona en la casa es alérgica a los animales? ¿Qué tipo de animal se ajusta a su estilo de vida y presupuesto?</p> <p>Cuando ya tenga una mascota, manténgala sana. Aprenda a reconocer los signos de problemas médicos. Lleve a su mascota al veterinario si observa:</p> <ul> <li>Pérdida del apetito</li> <li>Consumo excesivo de agua</li> <li>Aumento o pérdida de peso en forma rápida</li> <li>Comportamiento fuera de lo común</li> <li>Cansancio y pereza</li> <li>Dificultad para levantarse o acostarse</li> <li>Abultamientos extraños</li> </ul> Bienestar y estilo de vida Pet Health Enfermedades de los animales y su salud Mpox Rabia Animales domésticos, Salud de los Mascotas Veterianaria Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de Medicina Veterinaria PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Americana de Medicina Veterinaria PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Asociación Americana de Medicina Veterinaria PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Asociación Americana de Medicina Veterinaria PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos <p>Las mujeres tienen problemas de salud únicos. Y algunos de los problemas de salud que afectan a hombres y mujeres pueden afectar a estas últimas de manera diferente. </p> <p>Temas únicos incluyen el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazo</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">menopausia</a> y las afecciones de los órganos femeninos. Las mujeres pueden tener un embarazo saludable si reciben <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html">cuidado prenatal</a> temprano y regular. También deben hacerse las pruebas recomendadas para el cáncer de mama, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html">cervical</a> y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonedensity.html">densidad ósea</a>. </p> <p>Mujeres y hombres también tienen muchos problemas de salud similares. Sin embargo, estos problemas pueden afectar a las mujeres de manera diferente. Por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li> Las mujeres tienen más probabilidades de morir a causa de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque al corazón</a> que los hombres </li> <li> Las mujeres tienen más probabilidades de mostrar signos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a> que los hombres </li> <li> Los efectos de las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) pueden ser más graves en las mujeres. </li> <li>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoarthritis.html">osteoartritis</a> afecta más a las mujeres que a los hombres </li> <li>Las mujeres tienen más probabilidades de tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">infecciones de las vías urinarias</a> </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Mujeres Grupos especiales Women's Health Oficina de los NIH para Investigaciones sobre la Salud de la Mujer Chequeo médico de la mujer Embarazo Enfermedades del seno Enfermedades del útero Menopausia Problemas sexuales en las mujeres Riesgos para el sistema reproductivo Mujer, Salud de la Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Personas mayores Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Personas mayores Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Cuestiones de salud al envejecer Problemas de salud de las personas mayores <p>Las personas en Estados Unidos están viviendo más años que antes. Muchas personas mayores viven saludablemente y tienen vidas activas. Pero no hay manera de evitarlo: cuando envejecemos, nuestros cuerpos y mentes cambian. Es importante saber qué esperar. Algunos cambios son normales al envejecer, mientras que otros pueden ser una señal de un problema de salud. Es importante reconocer la diferencia y hablar con su proveedor de cuidados de salud si usted tiene alguna inquietud. </p> <p>Un estilo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthyaging.html">vida sano</a> puede ayudarlo a enfrentar los cambios normales del envejecimiento y disfrutar de su vida a pleno. Esto incluye <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionforolderadults.html">alimentarse sanamente</a>, hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforolderadults.html">actividad física regular</a> y hacer de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html">salud mental</a> una prioridad.</p> Personas mayores Grupos especiales Older Adult Health Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Asuntos que enfrenta el enfermo terminal Directivas médicas por adelantado Ejercicio para personas mayores Envejecer saludablemente Medicare Nutrición para personas mayores Proveedor de atención al paciente Residencias con atención personalizada Residencias para personas mayores Servicios de atención médica a domicilio Ancianos, Problemas de salud Envejecimiento Personas mayores, Salud Vejez Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias PDF Información de referencia Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Mujeres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Salud del adolescente <p>En la adolescencia pasas por muchos cambios. Tu cuerpo está en camino para alcanzar su tamaño adulto. Puedes notar que no te entran tus zapatos viejos o que los pantalones te quedan siete centímetros más cortos. Además de estos cambios, probablemente te estás haciendo más independiente y tomando más decisiones propias. Algunas de las decisiones más importantes que enfrentas se relacionan con tu salud.</p> <p>Los hábitos saludables, incluyendo una alimentación nutritiva y la actividad física, pueden ayudarte a sentirte bien, verte bien y a esforzarte en la escuela, el trabajo o los deportes. También pueden prevenir enfermedades como la diabetes, la hipertensión arterial, las enfermedades cardiacas, la osteoporosis, los derrames cerebrales y algunos cánceres cuando seas mayor.</p> Niños y adolescentes Grupos especiales Teen Health Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Desarrollo del adolescente Embarazo de adolescentes Salud mental del adolescente Salud sexual del adolescente Adolescentes, Salud de los Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Organización Mundial de la Salud Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niñas Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Genética Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niñas Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niñas Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niñas Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>Cada grupo racial o étnico tiene problemas de salud específicos. Las diferencias en la salud de los distintos grupos pueden resultar de:</p> <ul> <li> Factores genéticos </li> <li> Factores ambientales </li> <li> Acceso a la atención médica</li> <li> Factores culturales </li> </ul> <p>En esta página encontrará enlaces para los problemas de salud que afectan a las personas afroamericanas.</p> Grupos especiales Black and African American Health Instituto Nacional de la Salud de las Minorías y Disparidades en Salud Afroamericanos, Salud de los Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Salud de los asiático-americanos Salud de los asiáticos en Estados Unidos <p>Cada grupo racial o étnico tiene problemas de salud específicos. Las diferencias en la salud de los distintos grupos pueden resultar debido a:</p> <ul> <li> Factores genéticos </li> <li> Factores ambientales </li> <li> Acceso a la atención médica </li> <li> Factores culturales </li> </ul> <p>En esta página encontrará enlaces para los problemas de salud que afectan a los asiáticoamericanos.</p> Grupos especiales Asian American Health Instituto Nacional de la Salud de las Minorías y Disparidades en Salud Asiáticoamericanos, Salud de los Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Salud de los hispanoamericanos Salud de los hispanos Salud de los latinoamericanos <p>Cada grupo racial o étnico tiene problemas de salud específicos. Las diferencias en la salud de los distintos grupos pueden resultar de:</p> <ul> <li> Factores genéticos </li> <li> Factores del medio ambiente </li> <li> Acceso a la atención médica</li> <li> Factores culturales </li> </ul> <p>En esta página encontrará enlaces sobre los problemas de salud que afectan a los hispanos y latinos.</p> Grupos especiales Latino and Hispanic American Health Instituto Nacional de la Salud de las Minorías y Disparidades en Salud Hispanoamericanos, Salud de los Hispanos, Salud Latinoamericanos, Salud de los Latinos, Salud de los Salud de los hispanoamericanos Salud de los latinos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Mujeres Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Imágenes Instituto Nacional del Ojo PDF NIH Infografía Spanish/Español Imágenes Instituto Nacional del Ojo PDF NIH Infografía Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos, Oficina de Salud de las Minorías Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre PDF NIH Fácil de leer En inglés y español <p>La mayoría de los hombres tienen que prestar más atención a su salud. En comparación con las mujeres, los hombres son más propensos a:</p><ul> <li>Fumar y beber</li> <li>Tomar decisiones poco saludables o riesgosas</li> <li>Retrasar chequeos regulares y atención médica</li> </ul> <p>También hay afecciones de salud que afectan solamente a los hombres, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prostatecancer.html">cáncer de próstata</a> y bajos niveles de testosterona. Muchos de los principales riesgos de salud que enfrentan los hombres, como el de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colorectalcancer.html">cáncer del colon</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades cardiacas</a>, pueden prevenirse y tratarse con un diagnóstico anticipado. Pruebas de diagnóstico pueden determinar enfermedades en forma temprana, cuando es más fácil tratarlas. Es importante someterse con regularidad a los exámenes médicos necesarios.</p> Hombres Grupos especiales Men's Health Cáncer de próstata Cáncer de testículo Disfunción eréctil Enfermedades de la próstata Enfermedades del pene Infertilidad en el hombre Problemas sexuales en los hombres Hombres, Salud de los Varón, Salud del Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Personas mayores Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>Cada grupo racial o étnico tiene problemas de salud específicos. Las diferencias en la salud de los distintos grupos pueden resultar debido a:</p> <ul> <li> Factores genéticos </li> <li> Factores del medio ambiente </li> <li> Acceso a la atención médica </li> <li> Factores culturales </li> </ul> <p>En esta página encontrará enlaces para los problemas de salud que afectan a los indios americanos y nativos de Alaska.</p> Grupos especiales American Indian and Alaska Native Health Instituto Nacional de la Salud de las Minorías y Disparidades en Salud Alaska, Nativos de Indios norteamericanos, Salud de los Salud de la tribu Salud de las personas nativas de Alaska Salud de los habitantes del Ártico Tribu, Salud de la Ártico, Salud de los habitantes del Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Más información Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH <h3>¿Qué es un cuidador de salud?</h3> <p>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caregivers.html">cuidador</a> (o proveedor de atención a pacientes) ayuda a una persona que necesita asistencia para cuidarse. Quien necesita apoyo puede ser un niño, adulto o una persona mayor. Es posible que requiera cuidados debido a una lesión, enfermedad crónica o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html">discapacidad</a>.</p> <p>Algunos cuidadores son informales. Suelen ser familiares o amigos. Otros cuidadores son profesionales remunerados. Los cuidadores pueden brindar atención en el hogar, en un hospital u otro entorno de atención médica. En ocasiones, realizan su labor a distancia. Los tipos de tareas que realizan los cuidadores pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Ayudar con las tareas diarias como bañarse, comer o tomar medicamentos</li> <li>Organizar actividades y atención médica</li> <li>Tomar decisiones sanitarias y financieras</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo afecta al cuidador la atención que entrega?</h3> <p>El trabajo de cuidador de salud puede ser gratificante. Puede ayudar a fortalecer la relación con un ser querido o sentir satisfacción al ayudar a una persona. Pero el cuidado también puede ser estresante y, en ocasiones, incluso abrumador. El cuidado puede implicar satisfacer demandas complejas sin ningún tipo de capacitación o ayuda. También puede estar trabajando y además tener hijos u otras personas a quienes cuidar. Para satisfacer todas las demandas, puede estar dejando de lado sus propias necesidades y sentimientos, lo que no es bueno para su salud a largo plazo. Debe asegurarse de cuidarse a usted mismo también.</p> <h3>¿Qué es el estrés del cuidador?</h3> <p>Muchos cuidadores se ven afectados por el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a> del cuidador. Es el estrés que genera la tensión emocional y física de la atención que brinda. Los signos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Sentirse abrumado</li> <li>Sentirse solo, aislado o abandonado por otros</li> <li>Dormir demasiado o muy poco</li> <li>Ganar o perder mucho peso</li> <li>Sentir cansancio la mayor parte del tiempo</li> <li>Perder interés en actividades que solía disfrutar</li> <li>Irritarse o enojarse fácilmente</li> <li>Sentir preocupación o tristeza con frecuencia</li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">dolores de cabeza</a> o corporales a menudo</li> <li>Desarrollar comportamientos poco saludables como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">fumar</a> o beber demasiado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puede afectar mi salud el estrés del cuidador?</h3> <p>El estrés del cuidador a largo plazo puede aumentar su riesgo de muchos problemas de salud diferentes. Algunos de estos problemas pueden ser graves. Incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a></li> <li>Un sistema inmunitario débil</li> <li>Sobrepeso y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Enfermedades crónicas como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades cardíacas</a>, cáncer, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">artritis</a>. La depresión y la obesidad pueden aumentar aún más el riesgo de estas afecciones</li> <li>Problemas con la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/memory.html">memoria</a> a corto plazo o prestar atención</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué puedo hacer para prevenir o aliviar el estrés del cuidador?</h3> <p>Tomar medidas para prevenir o aliviar el estrés del cuidador puede ayudar a prevenir problemas de salud. Recuerde que, si se siente mejor, puede cuidar de mejor forma a su ser querido. También será más fácil concentrarse en la gratificación del cuidado. Algunas formas de ayudarse a sí mismo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> <strong>Aprender mejores formas de ayudar a su ser querido</strong>: Por ejemplo, los hospitales ofrecen clases que pueden enseñarle cómo cuidar a alguien con una lesión o enfermedad</li> <li><strong>Encontrar recursos de cuidado en su comunidad para ayudarle</strong>: Muchas comunidades tienen servicios de guardería para adultos o servicios de relevo. Usar estos servicios puede darle un descanso de sus deberes de cuidado</li> <li><strong>Pedir y aceptar ayuda</strong>: Haga una lista de las formas en que otros pueden ayudarle. Deje que quienes se ofrezcan a asistirle elijan lo que les gustaría hacer. Por ejemplo, alguien podría sentarse con la persona que cuida mientras usted hace un trámite. Alguien más podría recoger alimentos para usted</li> <li><strong>Unirse a un grupo de apoyo para cuidadores</strong>: Estos grupos pueden permitirle compartir historias, escuchar sugerencias sobre cuidados y obtener el apoyo de otras personas que enfrentan los mismos desafíos que usted</li> <li><strong>Organizarse para que el cuidado sea más manejable</strong>: Haga listas de tareas y establezca una rutina diaria</li> <li><strong>Mantenerse en contacto con familiares y amigos</strong>: Es importante obtener apoyo emocional</li> <li><strong>Cuidar de su propia salud</strong>: Trate de encontrar tiempo para mantenerse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">físicamente activo</a> la mayoría de los días de la semana, prefiera alimentos saludables y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">duerma bien</a>. Asegúrese de estar al día con su atención médica, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html">chequeos</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html">exámenes</a> regulares</li> <li><strong>Considere tomar un tiempo de vacaciones si además trabaja y se siente abrumado</strong>: Según la Ley Federal de Ausencia Familiar y Médica, los empleados elegibles pueden tomar hasta 12 semanas de licencia anual no remunerada para cuidar a sus familiares. Consulte con su oficina de recursos humanos sobre sus opciones </li> </ul> <p class="">Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU.</p> Asuntos sociales y familiares Caregiver Health Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Proveedor de atención al paciente Proveedores de atención al paciente con Alzheimer Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Asociación de Alzheimer Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Más información Spanish/Español Alianza Familiar de Personas que Cuidan Enfermos Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>La salud de su hijo incluye el bienestar físico, mental y social. La mayoría de los padres conoce los aspectos básicos para mantener a los niños sanos tales como darles <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childnutrition.html">alimentos saludables</a>, asegurarse de que duerman y se <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseforchildren.html">ejerciten</a> lo suficiente y garantizar su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsafety.html">seguridad</a>.</p> <p>También es importante que los niños tengan chequeos médicos regulares. Estas visitas son una oportunidad para revisar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdevelopment.html">desarrollo</a> de su hijo. También es un buen momento para detectar o prevenir problemas.</p> <p>Además de los chequeos, los niños en edad escolar deben ir al médico por:</p> <ul> <li>Pérdida o aumento importante de peso</li> <li>Problemas para dormir o cambios de conducta</li> <li>Fiebre de más de 102ºF (38.8ºC)</li> <li>Erupciones cutáneas o infecciones en la piel</li> <li>Dolores de garganta frecuentes</li> <li>Problemas respiratorios</li> </ul> Niños y adolescentes Grupos especiales Children's Health Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Desarrollo del niño Ejercicio para niños Medicamentos y los niños Problemas comunes de los recién nacidos Problemas de audición en niños Problemas del habla y del lenguaje en niños Problemas poco comunes de los recién nacidos Salud de los adolescentes Salud del niño pequeño Salud dental del niño Salud escolar Seguridad del niño Vacunas para los niños Chicos, Salud de los Niño, Salud del Pediatría Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud PDF Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Nemours Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Salud del niño de 1 a 5 años Salud del niño que comienza a caminar <p>La mayoría de los niños se enferma. Es difícil para los padres saber qué se considera serio. Usted puede aprender a reconocer los signos más comunes de advertencia. Al final, confíe en su intuición. Si está preocupada por su bebé, llame inmediatamente a un profesional de la salud.</p> <p>Las consultas de control de niños sanos son importantes para la salud de su bebé. Un recién nacido normalmente necesita ser atendido por el pediatra mensualmente. A medida que el niño se acerca a su primer cumpleaños, la mayoría no necesita ir con tanta frecuencia. Los bebés recibirán las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html">vacunas</a> durante estas visitas. Los exámenes y las exploraciones de rutina ayudan a sus hijos a prevenir y tratar problemas de salud, así como a tabular su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infantandnewborndevelopment.html">crecimiento y desarrollo</a>. </p> Niños y adolescentes Toddler Health Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé Desarrollo del bebé y del recién nacido Desarrollo del niño pequeño Nutrición del niño pequeño Vacunas para los niños Bebés y niños, Salud de los Niños y bebés, Salud de los Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>Cada paso que damos implica una compleja red de huesos, músculos, tendones y ligamentos. Esto, combinado con todo el peso que sostienen, explica por qué los pies pueden tener problemas. Para mantener sus pies sanos:</p> <ul> <li> Examínelos regularmente </li> <li> Use zapatos cómodos que le queden bien </li> <li> Lávese los pies diariamente con jabón y agua tibia </li> <li> Córtese las uñas rectas de un lado a otro y no demasiado cortas</li> </ul> <p>La salud del pie puede ser una pauta sobre su salud general. Por ejemplo, la rigidez de las articulaciones puede significar artritis. El hormigueo o entumecimiento puede indicar diabetes. La hinchazón puede ser señal de una enfermedad renal, enfermedad cardiaca o hipertensión arterial. </p> <p>El cuidado y exámenes frecuentes de los pies es una parte importante de su cuidado de salud general. Si tiene problemas en los pies, asegúrese de hablar con su doctor. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Foot Health Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Enfermedades de las uñas Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos del pie Lesiones y enfermedades del pie Lesiones y enfermedades del talón Pie de atleta Pie diabético Pie, Salud del Plantillas Zapatos Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>Los miembros de las fuerzas armadas y los veteranos de guerra se han sacrificado por nuestro país y pueden enfrentar muchos problemas de salud diferentes. Algunos de sus problemas de salud más comunes incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">dolor crónico</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html">trastornos del sueño</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">trastornos de salud mental</a>.</p> <p>Pero también pueden enfrentar riesgos de salud diferentes a los de la población civil. Servir para proteger al país es un trabajo especial y significa tomar algunos riesgos y peligros laborales únicos. Estos incluyen diferentes tipos de lesiones y problemas de salud por exposiciones.</p> <h3>¿Qué tipos de lesiones enfrentan los miembros de las fuerzas armadas?</h3> <p>Durante su servicio, los efectivos corren el riesgo de sufrir diversas lesiones. Éstas pueden ocurrir durante el entrenamiento o en combate. En ocasiones, pueden poner en peligro la vida o son lo suficientemente graves como para causar discapacidad. Otras pueden no ser tan graves, pero pueden ser dolorosos y afectar la vida diaria.</p> <p>Algunos de los tipos específicos de lesiones que pueden enfrentar los miembros de las fuerzas armadas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">Esguinces y torceduras</a>, especialmente en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html">tobillos</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html">rodillas</a>: Estas lesiones suelen ser causadas por el ejercicio y correr</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backinjuries.html">Lesiones en la espalda</a> y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html">hombros</a>, a menudo por levantar y cargar objetos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tinnitus.html">Tinnitus</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">pérdida de audición</a>, normalmente por exposición al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html">ruido</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html">Lesiones en la cabeza</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">lesiones cerebrales traumáticas</a></li> <li>Heridas por armas de fuego y metralla</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html">Pérdida de extremidades</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas de salud especiales enfrentan los miembros de las fuerzas armadas?</h3> <p>También puede haber riesgo de sufrir problemas de salud por la exposición a peligros ambientales, como agua contaminada, productos químicos, infecciones y quema de fosas o pozos. En ocasiones, los problemas de salud causados por la exposición no se presentan hasta años después.</p> <p>Algunos miembros de las fuerzas armadas experimentan un trauma sexual militar. Esto incluye <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html">agresión sexual</a> y acoso sexual.</p> <h3>¿Qué problemas de salud mental enfrentan los miembros de las fuerzas armadas y los veteranos?</h3> <p>Estar en combate y estar separado de su familia puede ser estresante. Lo mismo puede ocurrir con la readaptación a la vida civil después de la militar. Todo este estrés puede poner a los miembros de las fuerzas armadas y a los veteranos en riesgo de sufrir problemas de salud mental, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a></li> <li><a href="../spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" tid="2099">Trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">Ansiedad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">Trastorno por consumo de alcohol</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas</a></li> </ul> <p>También existe el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html">suicidio</a>. Los veteranos que se encuentran en crisis pueden obtener ayuda de la Línea de Crisis para Veteranos al:</p> <ul> <li>Llamar al 988 y luego presionar 1</li> <li>Enviar mensajes de texto al 838255</li> <li><a href="https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/es/como-ayudamos/chat/">Chatear</a> en línea</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué servicios de atención médica están disponibles para los miembros de las fuerzas armadas y los veteranos?</h3> <ul> <li>TRICARE es el programa de atención médica del Departamento de Defensa. Brinda planes de seguro y otros servicios para miembros del servicio uniformado, jubilados y sus familias en todo el mundo</li> <li>La Administración de Salud de Veteranos es parte del Departamento de Asuntos de Veteranos (VA). Brinda servicios de apoyo médico y social a veteranos elegibles</li> <li>El VA también ofrece atención médica y beneficios ampliados para los veteranos expuestos a quema de fosas, al agente naranja y otras sustancias tóxicas</li> </ul> <p>Para comprender y tratar mejor las necesidades de salud de los veteranos en el futuro, el VA creó el Programa Millones de Veteranos (MVP, por sus siglas en inglés). Este programa de investigación analiza cómo los genes, el estilo de vida, las experiencias militares y las exposiciones afectan la salud y el bienestar de los veteranos.</p> Sistemas de salud Grupos especiales Veterans and Military Health Salud de la familia del veterano y personal militar Trastorno de estrés postraumático Agente naranja Guerra del Golfo Pérsico Síndrome de la guerra del Golfo Veterano, Salud del Más información Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Más información Spanish/Español Administración General de Servicios de los EE.UU Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Centro Nacional para el TEPT Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Asuntos de los Veteranos Salud al viajar <p>Viajar puede aumentar sus posibilidades de enfermarse. Un viaje largo puede aumentar su riesgo de trombosis venosa profunda. Tras llegar a su destino, su cuerpo necesita tiempo para adaptarse al agua, la comida y al aire de otros lugares. El agua en los países en desarrollo puede contener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virus</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">bacterias</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parasiticdiseases.html">parásitos</a> que causan malestares estomacales y diarrea. Aumente su seguridad usando solo agua de botella para beber, hacer hielo o cepillarse los dientes. Si consume agua de la llave, hiérvala o use tabletas de yodo. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">envenenamiento por alimentos</a> también puede ser un riesgo. Coma solo alimentos cocidos o servidos calientes. Evite frutas y vegetales que no hayan sido lavados o que tengan su cáscara. </p> <p>Si va a viajar fuera del país, también es posible que necesite vacunarse o tomar medicinas preventivas. Las que necesite dependerán del lugar del país del mundo que visite, la época del año, su edad, el estado general de su salud y las vacunas que ya le hayan dado. Consulte a su médico cuatro a seis semanas antes de viajar. La mayoría de las vacunas necesitan tiempo para ser eficaces. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Bienestar y estilo de vida Traveler's Health Dengue Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Enfermedades parasitarias Gastroenteritis Malaria Mareo (Cinetosis) Vacunación Virus del Zika Cruceros Viajero, Salud del Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Salud de los dientes <p>Es importante que el cuidado de la boca y los dientes comience en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childdentalhealth.html">infancia</a>. Si no es así, puede tener problemas con los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdisorders.html">dientes</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gumdisease.html">encías</a>, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html">caries</a> o la pérdida de los dientes. </p> <p>Estas son algunas cosas que puede hacer para mantener su boca y sus dientes sanos:</p> <ul> <li>Cepillarse los dientes dos veces al día con una pasta dental con fluoruro </li> <li>Limpiarse entre los dientes todos los días con hilo dental o algún producto similar </li> <li>Comer con inteligencia: limitar los alimentos azucarados entre comidas</li> <li>No fumar ni masticar tabaco</li> <li>Visitar regularmente al dentista o a otro profesional de salud dental</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</p> Salud oral y dental Bienestar y estilo de vida Dental Health Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Caries Dentaduras postizas Enfermedades de las encías Ortodoncia Salud dental del niño Trastornos dentales Dientes Información de referencia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Dental de California PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Asociación Dental de California PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Dental Americana Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH <p>Los dientes sanos son importantes para la salud general de un niño. Desde el momento del nacimiento, hay cosas que se pueden hacer para promover los dientes sanos y prevenir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html">caries</a>. En los bebés, se deben limpiar los dientes con un paño suave y limpio o con un cepillo de dientes para bebés. Evite acostar al niño con un biberón y revísele los dientes regularmente para detectar manchas.</p> <p>En todos los niños se debe:</p> <ul> <li> Comenzar a usar una pequeña cantidad de pasta dental con flúor a los dos años de edad. El doctor puede recomendar empezar antes </li> <li> Ofrecer alimentos sanos y limitar los refrigerios y las bebidas dulces </li> <li> Programar visitas periódicas al odontólogo </li> </ul> <p>Formar buenos hábitos alimenticios a una edad temprana puede ayudar al niño a tener dientes sanos para toda la vida. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial </p> Niños y adolescentes Salud oral y dental Child Dental Health Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Caries Enfermedades de las encías Ortodoncia Salud dental Chicos, Salud dental Dientes del niño, Salud Dientes, Salud en los niños Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Información de referencia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Dental Americana Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Recursos de Salud Oral Materna e Infantil PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>La vida en la universidad implica emoción como así también nuevos retos, riesgos y responsabilidades. Conoces gente nueva, aprendes cosas nuevas y tomas tus propias decisiones. Puede, a veces, ser estresante. Tendrás que lidiar con cosas relacionadas a la comida, bebidas, aspecto físico, drogas y actividad sexual. </p> <p>Hay medidas que puedes tomar para mantenerte saludable y seguro cuando estés en la universidad:</p> <ul> <li>Come una dieta equilibrada</li> <li>Duerme lo suficiente</li> <li>Realiza actividad física regular</li> <li>Mantén tu salud con chequeos y vacunaciones</li> <li>Si decides tener relaciones sexuales, tenlas con precaución practicando sexo seguro</li> <li>Toma decisiones inteligentes sobre el alcohol y las drogas</li> <li>Pide ayuda si te sientes estresado o deprimido</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Niños y adolescentes Bienestar y estilo de vida College Health Alcohol y menores de edad Salud de los adolescentes Salud escolar Universidad, Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Mujeres Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Mujeres Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Salud en el colegio Salud en la escuela <p>Su hijo pasa más tiempo en la escuela que en cualquier otro lugar, excepto en casa. Las escuelas pueden tener un efecto importante en la salud de los niños. La escuela puede enseñarles sobre salud y promover hábitos saludables. Las clases de educación física proveen a los niños oportunidades para hacer ejercicio. </p> <p>Las escuelas trabajan para:</p> <ul> <li>Prevenir comportamientos riesgosos como el consumo del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html">alcohol</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smokingandyouth.html">tabaco</a> o la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bullyingandcyberbullying.html">intimidación y ciberacoso</a></li> <li>Promover hábitos saludables como el ejercicio y el comer sano</li> <li>Lidiar con problemas de salud específicos de los estudiantes, tales como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthmainchildren.html">asma</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html">obesidad</a> y las enfermedades infecciosas. </li> </ul> <p>El edificio y el ambiente escolar deben ser seguros y sanos para el niño.</p> Niños y adolescentes School Health Intimidación y ciberacoso Salud en la universidad Seguridad del niño Escuela, Salud de los niños en la Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Médicos de Emergencia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Salud en el mundo Salud internacional <p>La propagación de una enfermedad no se detiene en las fronteras de un país. Con más personas viviendo en ciudades sobrepobladas y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/travelershealth.html">viajando</a>a otros países, es más fácil que los gérmenes se propaguen. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html">enfermedades infecciosas</a> que comienzan en una parte del mundo pueden llegar rápidamente a otra zona del globo. Algunas de las principales enfermedades que afectan actualmente a países de todo el mundo incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/malaria.html">malaria</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html">tuberculosis</a>.</p> <p>Además de la propagación de enfermedades, existen otros desafíos de salud global. La resistencia a medicamentos como los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html">antibióticos</a> va en aumento. Esto hace que sea más difícil tratar ciertas enfermedades. Los desastres naturales y provocados por el hombre crean poblaciones de refugiados con problemas de salud inmediatos y a largo plazo. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/climatechange.html">cambio climático</a> y el insuficiente acceso a alimentos y agua potable también son problemas globales que pueden afectar la salud de las personas. Muchos países y organizaciones de salud están trabajando juntos y compartiendo información sobre estos y otros problemas sanitarios.</p> Sistemas de salud Global Health Dengue Fiebres hemorrágicas Salud del viajero Internacional, Salud Mundo, Salud Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud <p>Los miembros de la comunidad LGBTQIA+ incluyen personas que son:</p> <ul> <li><strong>L</strong>esbianas</li> <li><strong>G</strong>ays</li> <li><strong>B</strong>isexuales</li> <li><strong>T</strong>ransgénero</li> <li><i><strong>Q</strong>ueer</i> o <i><strong>Q</strong>uestioning</i> (en proceso de averiguarlo)</li> <li><strong>I</strong>ntersexuales</li> <li><strong>A</strong>sexuales</li> <li>Personas con otras identidades, orientaciones de género y aliados de la comunidad</li> </ul> <p>En esta página encontrará información sobre los problemas de salud específicos de la comunidad LGBTQIA+.</p> Mujeres Hombres Grupos especiales Asuntos de salud sexual LGBTQIA+ Health Gays Homosexuales y las lesbianas, Salud de Homosexualidad LGTB Lesbianas, Salud de las Salud de las lesbianas Transexuales, Salud de los Hombres Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Susan G. Komen Contra el Cáncer del Seno PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <h3>¿Qué es la salud mental?</h3> <p>La salud mental incluye nuestro bienestar emocional, psicológico y social. Afecta la forma en que pensamos, sentimos y actuamos cuando enfrentamos la vida. También ayuda a determinar cómo manejamos el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a>, nos relacionamos con los demás y tomamos decisiones. La salud mental es importante en todas las etapas de la vida, desde la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html">niñez</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teenmentalhealth.html">adolescencia</a> hasta la adultez y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/olderadultmentalhealth.html">vejez</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué son los trastornos mentales?</h3> <p>Las <a href="../spanish/mentaldisorders.html" tid="5677">trastornos mentales (o enfermedades mentales)</a> son afecciones graves que pueden afectar la manera de pensar, su humor y su comportamiento. Pueden ser ocasionales o de larga duración. Pueden afectar su capacidad de relacionarse con los demás y funcionar cada día. Los problemas mentales son comunes, muchos estadounidenses serán diagnosticados con un trastorno mental en algún momento de su vida. Sin embargo, hay tratamientos disponibles. Las personas con trastornos mentales pueden mejorar y muchas de ellas se recuperan por completo. </p> <h3>¿Por qué es importante la salud mental?</h3> <p>La salud mental es importante porque puede ayudarle a:</p> <ul> <li>Enfrentar el estrés de la vida</li> <li>Estar físicamente saludable</li> <li>Tener relaciones sanas</li> <li>Contribuir en forma significativa a su comunidad</li> <li>Trabajar productivamente </li> <li>Alcanzar su completo potencial </li> </ul> <p>Su salud mental también es importante porque puede afectar su salud física. Por ejemplo, los trastornos mentales pueden aumentar su riesgo de problemas de salud física, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades cardíacas</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué puede afectar mi salud mental?</h3> <p>Hay muchos factores diferentes que pueden afectar su salud mental, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Factores biológicos, como los genes o la química del cerebro</li> <li>Experiencias de vida, como trauma o abuso</li> <li>Antecedentes familiares de problemas de salud mental</li> <li>Su estilo de vida, como la dieta, actividad física y consumo de sustancias</li> </ul> <p>También puede modificar su salud mental tomando <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">medidas para mejorarla</a>, como hacer meditación, usar técnicas de relajación y ser agradecido.</p> <h3>¿Puede cambiar con el tiempo mi salud mental?</h3> <p>Con el tiempo, su salud mental puede cambiar. Por ejemplo, puede estar enfrentando una situación difícil, como tratar de controlar una enfermedad crónica, cuidar a un pariente enfermo o tener problemas de dinero. La situación puede agotarle y abrumar su capacidad de lidiar con ella. Esto puede empeorar su salud mental. Por otro lado, recibir terapia puede mejorarla.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son las señales de tener un problema de salud mental?</h3> <p>Cuando se trata de sus emociones, puede ser difícil saber qué es normal y qué no. Pero los problema de salud mental tienen signos de advertencia, como:</p> <ul> <li>Cambios en sus hábitos alimenticios o de sueño</li> <li>Aislarse de las personas y actividades que disfruta</li> <li>Tener nada o poca energía</li> <li> Sentirse vacío o como si nada importara</li> <li>Tener dolores y molestias inexplicables</li> <li>Sentirse impotente o sin esperanza</li> <li>Fumar, beber o usar drogas más de lo habitual</li> <li>Sentirse inusualmente confundido, olvidadizo, enojado, molesto, preocupado o asustado</li> <li>Tener cambios de humor severos que causen problemas en sus relaciones</li> <li>Tener pensamientos y recuerdos que no puede sacar de su cabeza</li> <li>Escuchar voces o creer cosas que no son ciertas</li> <li>Pensar en lastimarse a sí mismo o a otros</li> <li>No poder realizar tareas diarias como cuidar a sus hijos o ir al trabajo o la escuela</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué debo hacer si creo que tengo un problema de salud mental?</h3> <p>Si cree que puede tener un problema de salud mental, busque ayuda. La terapia de conversación y / o los medicamentos pueden tratar los trastornos mentales. Si no sabe por dónde comenzar, hable con su profesional de la salud.</p> Salud mental y conducta Bienestar y estilo de vida Mental Health Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Cómo mejorar la salud mental Salud mental de las personas mayores Salud mental del adolescente Salud mental del niño Trastornos mentales Emocional, Salud Mental, salud Salud emocional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Personas mayores Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH <p>La salud mental incluye nuestro bienestar emocional, psicológico y social. Afecta la forma en que pensamos, sentimos y actuamos cuando enfrentamos la vida. También ayuda a determinar cómo manejamos el estrés, nos relacionamos con los demás y tomamos decisiones. La salud mental es importante en todas las etapas de la vida, incluso a medida que envejecemos.</p> <p>Muchos adultos mayores corren el riesgo de tener problemas de salud mental. Pero esto no significa que los problemas de salud mental sean una parte normal del envejecimiento. Los estudios muestran que la mayoría de las personas mayores se sienten satisfechas con sus vidas, a pesar de que pueden tener más enfermedades o problemas físicos.</p> <p>Sin embargo, los cambios importantes en la vida a veces pueden provocar molestias, estrés o tristeza. Estos cambios pueden incluir la muerte de un ser querido, la jubilación o el tratamiento de una enfermedad grave. Muchas personas mayores eventualmente se adaptan a los cambios, pero algunas pueden tener más problemas para adaptarse. Esto puede ponerlos en riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">trastornos mentales</a> como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a>.</p> <p>Es importante reconocer y tratar los trastornos mentales en los adultos mayores. Estas afecciones no solo causan sufrimiento mental. También pueden dificultar el manejo de otros problemas de salud, lo que es especialmente cierto si se trata de problemas crónicos de salud.</p> <p>Algunas de las señales de advertencia de trastornos mentales en adultos mayores incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cambios en el estado de ánimo o el nivel de energía</li> <li>Cambio en sus hábitos alimenticios o de sueño</li> <li>Aislarse de las personas y actividades que disfruta</li> <li>Sentirse inusualmente confundido, olvidadizo, enojado, molesto, preocupado o asustado</li> <li>Sentirse sin interés o como si nada importara</li> <li>Tener dolores y molestias inexplicables</li> <li>Sentir tristeza o desesperanza</li> <li>Fumar, beber o usar drogas más de lo habitual</li> <li> Ira, irritabilidad o agresividad</li> <li>Tener pensamientos y recuerdos que no puede sacar de su cabeza</li> <li> Escuchar voces o creer cosas que no son ciertas</li> <li>Pensar en lastimarse a sí mismo o a otros</li> </ul> <p>Si cree que puede tener un problema de salud mental, busque ayuda. La terapia de conversación y / o los medicamentos pueden tratar los trastornos mentales. Si no sabe por dónde comenzar, hable con su profesional de la salud. </p> Salud mental y conducta Personas mayores Older Adult Mental Health Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Salud de las personas mayores Salud mental Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Organización Mundial de la Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional para el TEPT <p>Ser adolescente es difícil. Te sentirás estresado por tratar de ser agradable, desempeñarte bien en la escuela, llevarte bien con la familia y tomar decisiones importantes. La mayoría de estas presiones son inevitables y preocuparte por ellas es normal. Sin embargo, sentirte muy triste, desesperanzado o sin valor alguno puede ser un signo de advertencia de un problema de salud mental.</p> <p>Los problemas de salud mental son reales, dolorosos y, algunas veces, graves. Es posible que necesites ayuda si presentas los signos mencionados anteriormente o si:</p> <ul> <li> Te sientes frecuentemente molesto o muy preocupado </li> <li> Sufres por mucho tiempo después de una pérdida o una muerte </li> <li> Piensas que alguien o algo controla tu mente o que tu mente está fuera de control </li> <li> Consumes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/underagedrinking.html">alcohol</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas</a></li> <li> Te ejercitas obsesivamente, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html">haces dietas y/o comes en exceso </a></li> <li> Lastimas a otras personas o destruyes la propiedad ajena </li> <li> Haces cosas imprudentes que podrían lastimarte o lastimar a los demás </li> <li>Te sientes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/teendepression.html">deprimido</a> (triste y sin esperanza)</li> </ul> <p>Los problemas de salud mental pueden tratarse. Para obtener ayuda, habla con tus padres, el consejero escolar o un profesional de la salud.</p> Niños y adolescentes Salud mental y conducta Teen Mental Health Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Alcohol y menores de edad Autolesión Depresión en adolescentes Drogas y menores de edad Intimidación y ciberacoso Salud mental Salud mental del niño Trastornos mentales Violencia en los adolescentes Adolescente, Salud mental del Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niñas Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Mujeres Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>Es importante reconocer y tratar los trastornos mentales de los niños desde el comienzo. Una vez que el trastorno mental se desarrolla, se vuelve una parte habitual de la conducta de su hijo. Esto lo hace más difícil de tratar. </p> <p>Pero no siempre es fácil saber si su hijo tiene un problema serio. Las tensiones diarias pueden causar cambios en el comportamiento de su hijo. Por ejemplo, la llegada de un nuevo hermano o hermana o ir a una nueva escuela puede causar problemas pasajeros de comportamiento. Las señales de aviso de cuándo podría ser un problema más serio incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Problemas en más de un entorno (en la escuela, en casa, con sus compañeros) </li> <li>Cambios en el apetito o el sueño </li> <li>Aislamiento social o miedo a cosas que antes no le causaba temor </li> <li>Volver a portarse como un niño pequeño, por ejemplo orinarse en la cama</li> <li>Señales de estar molesto, como tristeza o llanto </li> <li>Signos de hacerse daño a sí mismo, como golpearse la cabeza o de repente herirse a menudo</li> <li>Pensamientos repetitivos sobre la muerte </li> </ul> <p>Para diagnosticar problemas de salud mental, el profesional de la salud o especialista en salud mental presta atención a las señales y síntomas de su hijo, su historia clínica y familiar. Los tratamientos incluyen medicamentos y terapia de conversación. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</p> Niños y adolescentes Salud mental y conducta Child Mental Health Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Intimidación y ciberacoso Salud mental Salud mental del adolescente Trastornos de la conducta del niño Chicos, Salud mental Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Nacional de Salud Mental Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Infografía Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental PDF NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Salud en el lugar de trabajo <p>Los problemas de salud ocupacional ocurren en el trabajo por el tipo de labor que realiza. Estos problemas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li> Cortaduras, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fracturas</a> (huesos rotos) y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">torceduras y distensiones</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/limbloss.html">Amputaciones</a></li> <li> Trastornos por movimientos repetitivos </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">Problemas del oído</a> causados por la exposición al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html">ruido</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Problemas de la vista</a> </li> <li> Enfermedad causada por respirar, tocar o ingerir sustancias peligrosas </li> <li> Enfermedad causada por la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationexposure.html">exposición a la radiación</a> </li> <li> Exposición a gérmenes en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/occupationalhealthforhealthcareproviders.html">centros de salud</a> </li> </ul> <p>Una buena seguridad y prácticas de prevención en el trabajo puede reducir su riesgo de estos problemas. Procure mantenerse en buen estado físico, reduzca el estrés, prepare adecuadamente su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ergonomics.html">área de trabajo</a> y use el equipo y la ropa adecuada. </p> Bienestar y estilo de vida Asuntos de seguridad Occupational Health Ergonomía Salud ocupacional de proveedores de salud Síndrome del túnel carpiano Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Información de referencia Spanish/Español Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional PDF Información de referencia Spanish/Español Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Mujeres NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Investigación y Capacitación en Construcción PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Agencia de Protección Ambiental PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional PDF NIH Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación PDF NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Investigación y Capacitación en Construcción PDF Salud de las enfermeras y enfermeros Salud de los doctores Salud de los profesionales de la salud <p> Los empleados dedicados al cuidado de la salud están expuestos a muchos riesgos laborales. Ellos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li> Infecciones </li> <li> Lesiones con agujas </li> <li> Lesiones en la espalda </li> <li> Sustancias que causan alergias </li> <li> Violencia </li> <li> Estrés </li> </ul> <p>Se deben seguir buenas prácticas de seguridad laboral y prevenir las lesiones. Eso puede reducir los riesgos de tener problemas con la salud. Use equipo protector, siga las pautas para el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectioncontrol.html">control de infecciones</a>, aprenda la forma correcta de levantar objetos pesados y encuentre maneras para controlar el estrés. </p> <p class="">Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional</p> Asuntos de seguridad Sistemas de salud Occupational Health for Health Care Providers Alergia al látex Medidas para el control de infecciones Salud ocupacional Doctores, Salud Proveedores de salud, Salud ocupacional Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad y la Salud Ocupacional <p>Cerca del 15% de la población en los Estados Unidos viven en zonas rurales. Hay muchas razones diferentes por las que puede elegir vivir en una comunidad rural. Es posible que desee un menor costo de vida y un ritmo de vida más lento. Puede disfrutar el tener acceso a grandes espacios abiertos para la recreación. Las zonas rurales están menos pobladas y pueden ofrecer más privacidad. También puede preferir un área rural para vivir cerca de su familia y amigos. </p> <p>Pero vivir en un área rural también presenta desafíos, incluyendo lo relacionado a cuidar su salud. En comparación con las áreas urbanas, las comunidades rurales tienden a tener:</p><ul> <li>Tasas más altas de pobreza </li> <li>Un mayor porcentaje de adultos mayores, quienes tienen más probabilidades de tener problemas de salud crónicos</li> <li>Más residentes sin seguro médico</li> <li>Menos acceso a la atención médica, ya que las clínicas y los hospitales pueden estar muy lejos</li> <li>Tasas más altas de consumo de ciertas sustancias, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">fumar cigarrillos </a> y uso indebido de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioides </a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/methamphetamine.html">metanfetaminas</a></li> <li>Tasas más altas de problemas de salud crónicos, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">hipertensión </a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li> Mayor exposición a peligros ambientales, como los productos químicos utilizados para la agricultura</li> </ul> <p>Sin embargo, existen soluciones para lidiar con estos problemas. Algunos ejemplos incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Clínicas que ofrecen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html">telesalud</a> para brindar atención a personas que viven lejos de especialistas o que no pueden llegar fácilmente a las oficinas de sus profesionales de la salud</li> <li>Agencias locales de salud pública que trabajan con sus comunidades para promover una vida saludable, por ejemplo, dando clases de bienestar y ejercicio, o establecer un mercado de agricultores</li> <li>Carriles para bicicletas y senderos proporcionados por Gobiernos locales para alentar a las personas a andar en bicicleta y caminar </li> <li>Las escuelas rurales pueden ofrecer servicios de consejería y salud mental para sus estudiantes</li> </ul> Sistemas de salud Rural Health Concerns Telesalud Rural, Salud Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>La sexualidad es una parte importante del ser humano. El amor, el afecto y la intimidad sexual representan un papel importante en las relaciones saludables. También contribuyen con su sentido del bienestar. Pero algunos trastornos pueden afectar la capacidad de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinmen.html">hombres</a> y de las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualproblemsinwomen.html">mujeres</a> de tener relaciones sexuales o disfrutarlas. </p> <p>Los factores que puede afectar la salud sexual incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Temor a un embarazo no deseado</li> <li>Preocupaciones sobre la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html">infertilidad</a></li> <li><a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)</a></li> <li>Enfermedades crónicas como cáncer o enfermedades del corazón</li> <li>Medicamentos que afectan el deseo sexual o el rendimiento</li> </ul> Mujeres Hombres Bienestar y estilo de vida Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor femenino Sistema reproductor masculino Sexual Health Disfunción eréctil Enfermedades del pene Infecciones de transmisión sexual Infertilidad Problemas sexuales en las mujeres Problemas sexuales en los hombres Riesgos para el sistema reproductivo Salud sexual del adolescente Sexo Sexual, Salud Sexualidad Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Hombres Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Mujeres Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <h3>¿Qué es la salud sexual del adolescente?</h3> <p>La salud sexual del adolescente consiste en la forma en que el sexo afecta tu salud física y emocional. Significa saber cómo entablar relaciones saludables y tomar decisiones sobre el sexo que sean adecuadas para ti.</p> <p>A medida que tu cuerpo cambia durante la pubertad, también cambia tu forma de pensar, sentir e interactuar con los demás. Es posible que tengas nuevos sentimientos y pensamientos sobre el sexo. Comprender en quién te estás convirtiendo como un adulto joven sexual también es parte de la salud sexual de los adolescentes. Para algunos adolescentes, eso incluye comprender la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lgbtqiahealth.html">identidad de género, la expresión de género y la orientación sexual</a>.</p> <p>Para todos los adolescentes, asumir la responsabilidad de la salud sexual es parte del crecimiento. Ya sea que elijas tener relaciones sexuales o no, esta responsabilidad incluye saber sobre:</p> <ul> <li><a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmitteddiseases.html" tid="2144">Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">Contracepción y control de natalidad</a> </li> <li>Qué es una relación saludable</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué son las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS)?</h3> <p>Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) o enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS) son causadas por bacterias, virus y parásitos que se transmiten de persona a persona, generalmente durante el sexo vaginal, oral o anal. Algunas ITS se transmiten por contacto de piel a piel. Sin tratamiento, algunas ITS pueden causar problemas de salud a largo plazo.</p> <p>Hay más de 20 tipos de ITS, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chlamydiainfections.html">Clamidia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalherpes.html">Herpes genital</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gonorrhea.html">Gonorrea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html">Virus del papiloma humano</a> (VPH)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pubiclice.html">Ladilla</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/syphilis.html">Sífilis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trichomoniasis.html">Tricomoniasis</a></li> </ul> <p>Las ITS no siempre causan síntomas. Por lo tanto, es posible tener una infección sin saberlo y luego transmitirla a otra persona. La única forma de saber con certeza si tienes una ITS es hacerse la prueba.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo reducir mi riesgo de contraer una infecci[on de transmisión sexual?</h3> <p>La forma más confiable de evitar infecciones es no tener relaciones sexuales vaginales, orales o anales. Decir "no" al sexo puede ser la mejor opción para muchos adolescentes.</p> <p>Si decides tener relaciones sexuales, "sexo seguro" reducirá tus probabilidades de contraer una ITS. Esto incluye:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Hablar con tu pareja sobre la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual y hacerse la prueba antes de tener relaciones sexuales</strong>: Si no puedes hablar sobre las ITS, puedes no estar listo para tener relaciones sexuales</li> <li><strong>Recibir la vacuna contra el VPH</strong>: Puedes vacunarte entre los 9 y los 26 años</li> <li><strong>Usar condones correctamente cada vez que tenga relaciones sexuales vaginales, orales o anales</strong>: </li> <ul> <li>Los condones de látex externos (masculinos) brindan la mejor protección contra las ITS. Si tu o tu pareja son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgicos al látex</a>, pueden usar condones de poliuretano</li> <li>Los condones internos (femeninos), hechos de nitrilo, se colocan dentro del cuerpo (vagina o ano). Pueden ser menos efectivos contra las ITS que los condones externos de látex</li> <li>No uses ambos tipos de condones juntos porque eso aumenta la posibilidad de que se rompan</li> <li>Usa un protector dental (una pieza cuadrada de látex, poliuretano o nitrilo) para proteger tu boca durante el sexo oral</li> </ul> <li><strong>Tener relaciones sexuales con una sola persona que tiene relaciones sexuales solo contigo</strong> (monogamia mutua): Primero, ambos deben hacerse la prueba de ITS</li> <li><strong>No mezclar alcohol o drogas con el sexo</strong>: Necesitas pensar con claridad para tomar decisiones seguras sobre el sexo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo reducir las posibilidades de embarazo?</h3> <p>La única forma segura de evitar el embarazo es no tener relaciones sexuales vaginales.</p> <p>Si decides tener relaciones sexuales vaginales, los métodos anticonceptivos pueden ayudar a prevenir el embarazo. Hay muchos tipos de anticonceptivos que funcionan de diferentes maneras. Tu profesional de la salud puede ayudarte a elegir el mejor método anticonceptivo para ti.</p> <p>Los condones son el único método anticonceptivo que protege contra las ITS. Pero los condones por sí solos no son el método anticonceptivo más eficaz. Es más seguro usar condones con otro método anticonceptivo para prevenir tanto las ITS como el embarazo.</p> <h3>¿Qué es una relación sana?</h3> <p>El sexo saludable comienza con una relación saludable, por lo que es importante analizar honestamente cómo se tratan con tu pareja. Tu relación puede ser saludable si incluye:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Respeto</strong>: Tú y tu pareja valoran los sentimientos del otro. Ninguno de los dos presiona al otro para que haga cosas que no quiere hacer</li> <li><strong>Confianza y honestidad</strong>: Siempre dices la verdad y confías en que tu pareja hará lo mismo</li> <li><strong>Buena comunicación</strong>: Te siente seguro hablando abiertamente sobre tus sentimientos, infecciones de transmisión sexual y otras relaciones. Y ambos escuchan</li> </ul> <p>Tu relación puede no ser saludable si incluye:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Celos y control</strong>: Uno de ustedes quiere tomar todas las decisiones y trata de evitar que el otro pase tiempo con amigos y familiares</li> <li><strong>Falta de respeto</strong>: Uno de ustedes se burla de las ideas y sentimientos del otro</li> <li><strong>Presión</strong>: Uno de ustedes intenta intimidar al otro para que haga cosas sexuales que no quiere hacer</li> <li> <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intimatepartnerviolence.html">Violencia</a></strong>: Golpear, empujar, agarrar y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html">agresión sexual</a> nunca debe ser parte de una relación. Si no sabes cómo terminar una relación violenta, busca ayuda</li> </ul> <p>Tus decisiones sobre el sexo pueden afectar tu salud futura. Asegúrate de informarte bien para poder decidir qué es lo correcto para ti.</p> Niños y adolescentes Asuntos de salud sexual Teen Sexual Health Desarrollo del adolescente Embarazo de adolescentes Salud de los adolescentes Adolescente, Salud sexual de los Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niñas Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niñas Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niñas Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niñas Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Desarrollo fetal Desarrollo y salud del feto Salud fetal <p>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazo</a> normal dura nueve meses. Cada período de tres meses del embarazo es llamado trimestre. Durante cada trimestre, el feto crece y se desarrolla. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenatalcare.html">chequeos médicos</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html">exámenes prenatales</a> son muy importantes. Estos pueden:</p><ul> <li>Ayudar a mantener saludables a usted y a su bebé</li> <li>Detectar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">problemas con su bebé</a>, si hay alguno. En algunos casos, los profesionales de la salud pueden tratar el problema antes de que nazca su bebé. Pero incluso cuando no pueden, aún puede ser útil conocer el problema desde el principio. Eso le da tiempo para aprender sobre la condición de su bebé y prepararse para cualquier desafío que pueda enfrentar después de su nacimiento </li> <li>Prevenir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childbirthproblems.html">problemas durante el parto</a>. Por ejemplo, si su bebé tiene presentación de nalgas (la parte inferior o los pies primero, en lugar de la cabeza), es posible que necesite una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html">cesárea</a> para evitar complicaciones </li> </ul> <p>Además de obtener atención médica, hay otras cosas que puede hacer para mantener a su bebé lo más saludable posible. Es importante <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">no beber ni fumar</a>. Intente seguir una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandnutrition.html">dieta saludable</a> y asegúrese de ocuparse de cualquier <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">problema de salud que tenga durante el embarazo</a>.</p> Embarazo y reproducción Fetal Health and Development Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Cuidado prenatal Defectos congénitos Embarazo Problemas de salud durante el embarazo Problemas durante el parto Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal Feto, Salud y Desarrollo Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">menstruación</a> o período es el sangrado mensual de la mujer. El sangrado vaginal anormal es distinto del período menstrual. Puede ser sangrado entre períodos, es muy abundante o puede durar mucho más de lo normal. También incluye sangrado que ocurre antes de la pubertad o después de la menopausia. Las causas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinefibroids.html">Fibroides uterinos</a> o pólipos</li> <li>Problemas hormonales</li> <li>Píldoras hormonales, como las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">píldoras anticonceptivas</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">terapia hormonal para la menopausia</a></li> <li>Cáncer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html">de cuello uterino</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ovariancancer.html">de ovario</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/uterinecancer.html">de útero</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalcancer.html">de vagina</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">Problemas de la tiroides</a></li> </ul> <p>El sangrado durante el embarazo puede tener varias causas. No es siempre un problema serio, pero para estar segura debe llamar a su médico de inmediato.</p> <p>Los exámenes de la pelvis, de sangre, de imagen y otros procedimientos pueden ayudar a su médico a diagnosticar el problema. El tratamiento depende de la causa del sangrado. El tratamiento puede incluir medicinas, hormonas y cirugía.</p> Mujeres Síntomas Sistema reproductor femenino Vaginal Bleeding Menstruación Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>La sangre es tejido vivo formado por líquidos y sólidos. La parte líquida, llamada plasma, contiene agua, sales y proteínas. Más de la mitad del cuerpo es plasma. La parte sólida de la sangre contiene glóbulos rojos, glóbulos blancos y plaquetas.</p> <p>Los glóbulos rojos suministran oxígeno desde los pulmones a los tejidos y órganos. Los glóbulos blancos combaten las infecciones y son parte del sistema inmunitario del cuerpo. Las plaquetas ayudan a la coagulación de la sangre cuando sufre un corte o una herida. La médula ósea, el material esponjoso dentro de los huesos, produce nuevas células sanguíneas. Las células de la sangre constantemente mueren y su cuerpo produce nuevas. Los glóbulos rojos viven unos 120 días y las plaquetas viven cerca de seis. Algunos glóbulos blancos de la sangre viven menos de un día, pero otros viven mucho más tiempo.</p> <p>Hay cuatro grupos de sangre: A, B, AB y O. Asimismo, la sangre es Rh positivo o Rh negativo. Así, si su tipo de sangre es A, es A positivo o A negativo. Su tipo de sangre es importante si necesita una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">transfusión de sangre</a>. Y su factor de sangre puede ser importante si usted queda embarazada, ya que la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rhincompatibility.html">incompatibilidad</a> entre su tipo de sangre y el de su bebé puede crear problemas. </p> <p>Los análisis de sangre como las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodcounttests.html">pruebas de conteo sanguíneo</a> ayudan a los médicos a analizar ciertas enfermedades y afecciones. También ayudan a comprobar la función de los órganos y muestran qué tan bien están funcionando los tratamientos. Algunos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/blooddisorders.html">problemas de la sangre</a> pueden incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html">problemas de coagulación</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulos sanguíneos</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/plateletdisorders.html">desórdenes plaquetarios</a>. Si pierde mucha sangre, usted puede necesitar una transfusión.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Blood Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Coágulos sanguíneos Hemorragia Problemas de coagulación Problemas de la sangre Transfusión y donación de sangre Comience aquí Spanish/Español Cruz Roja Americana Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>El sarampión es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por un virus. Se disemina fácilmente de persona a persona y causa una erupción en la piel de color roja con manchas. Esta erupción suele comenzar en la cabeza y descender al resto del cuerpo. Otros síntomas pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li> Fiebre</li> <li> Tos </li> <li> Moqueo nasal</li> <li> Conjuntivitis </li> <li> Sensación de dolor y malestar</li> <li> Pequeñas manchas blancas dentro de la boca</li> </ul> <p>Algunas veces, el sarampión puede conducir a problemas serios. No existe un tratamiento, pero la vacuna contra sarampión-paperas-rubéola (MMR) puede prevenirlo. </p> <p> Es posible que haya oído hablar sobre la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rubella.html">rubéola</a>, que es otra enfermedad que causa erupción y picazón pero que no está relacionada con el sarampión. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Niños y adolescentes Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Measles Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Vacunas para los niños Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Organización Mundial de la Salud Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos <h3>What is sarcoidosis? </h3> <p>Sarcoidosis is a condition in which groups of cells in your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> form small, red, and swollen (inflamed) lumps. These lumps are called granulomas. They can form in any organ in the body. But they most commonly affect the lungs and lymph nodes in the chest. Over time, sarcoidosis can cause permanent scarring of organs.</p> <h3>What causes sarcoidosis?</h3> <p>Your immune system creates inflammation to help defend you against germs and sickness. But in sarcoidosis, inflammation goes off track. It causes the cells in your immune system to form granulomas. Studies suggest that this inflammation might be triggered by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html">infections</a> and certain substances in the environment such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html">insecticides</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/molds.html">mold</a>. And your genes may affect how your immune system reacts to a trigger.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop sarcoidosis?</h3> <p>Anyone can develop sarcoidosis, but you are more likely to have it if you:</p> <ul> <li>Are older, especially if you are over age 55</li> <li>Live or work near insecticides, mold, or other substances that may cause inflammation</li> <li>Have a close relative who has sarcoidosis</li> <li>Take certain medicines, such as some types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hivmedicines.html">HIV medicines</a> and monoclonal antibodies</li> <li>Are of African or Scandinavian descent</li> <li>Are female</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of sarcoidosis?</h3> <p>Many people who have sarcoidosis have no symptoms, or they may feel unwell but without any obvious symptoms. If you have symptoms, you may have some general symptoms. And you may have other symptoms, which will depend upon which part of the body is affected.</p> <p>The <strong>general symptoms</strong> can include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li>Weight loss</li> <li>Swollen lymph nodes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li>Night sweats (heavy sweating during sleep)</li> </ul> <p>The <strong>symptoms of sarcoidosis in the lungs</strong> can include:</p> <ul> <li>Wheezing</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">Cough</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a></li> </ul> <p>The <strong>symptoms of sarcoidosis in other parts of the body</strong> can include: </p><ul> <li>Larger than normal liver or spleen</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html">Jaundice</a>, which can make your eyes or skin yellow</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">Nervous system problems</a>, such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a></li> <li>Vision problems</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">Seizures</a></li> <li>Numbness or tingling</li> </ul> </li> <li>Heart palpitations or an irregular heartbeat (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">arrhythmia</a>)</li> <li>Pain and swelling in the joints</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinconditions.html">Skin problems</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rashes</a> and growths under the skin</li> </ul> <p>There is also a set of symptoms that are called <strong>Lofgren's syndrome</strong>. Some people have Lofgren's syndrome when they first develop sarcoidosis. It usually goes away completely within 2 years. The symptoms of Lofgren's syndrome may include:</p> <ul> <li>Swollen lymph nodes in your chest, neck, chin, armpits, or groin.</li> <li>A rash of small, itchy, or painful bumps called erythema nodosum. The rash is most often on your head, neck, or legs.</li> <li>Blurred vision, eye pain or redness, light sensitivity, or watery eyes.</li> <li>Joint pain, stiffness, or swelling.</li> <li>Fever.</li> </ul> <h3>What other problems can sarcoidosis cause?</h3> <p>If untreated, or if the treatment does not work, sarcoidosis can cause serious health problems called complications. Possible complications include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">Lung problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">Hormone problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/braindiseases.html">Brain</a>, nerve, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/muscledisorders.html">muscle</a> problems</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">Kidney problems</a></li> <li>Severe organ damage</li> </ul> <h3>How is sarcoidosis diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no single test that can diagnose sarcoidosis, and its symptoms can be similar to the symptoms of many other conditions. That makes it hard to diagnose. To find out if you have sarcoidosis, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your medical history, including your symptoms, lifestyle, and any other health conditions you may have.</li> <li>Will do a physical exam, which may include: <ul> <li>Checking your temperature</li> <li>Checking to see if your lymph nodes, spleen, or liver are swollen</li> <li>Listening to your chest with a stethoscope as you breathe in and out</li> <li>Looking for rashes or sores on your body, such as scalp and lower legs</li> </ul> </li> <li>Will likely order various tests, such as: <ul> <li>Chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-rays</a></li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a> of the skin, lymph nodes, lungs, or other affected organs</li> <li>Blood tests to check your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html">blood counts</a>, hormone levels, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneytests.html">how well your kidneys are working</a></li> <li>Other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>If you are diagnosed with sarcoidosis, your provider may order other tests to look at how sarcoidosis is affecting the body.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for sarcoidosis?</h3> <p>There is no cure for sarcoidosis. The goal of treatment for sarcoidosis is remission, which means you still have the condition, but it does not cause you problems.</p> <p>You may not need treatment, and sometimes the condition goes away on its own. If you do need treatment, which treatment(s) you get will depend on your symptoms, which organs are affected, and whether those organs are working well. You may be given medicines to:</p> <ul> <li>Lower inflammation</li> <li>Treat an overactive immune response</li> <li>Treat joint pain</li> <li>Treat skin problems</li> </ul> <p>If you have complications from sarcoidosis, you may need other treatments, such as other medicines, surgery, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">oxygen therapy</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">pulmonary rehabilitation</a>, or an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">implanted cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator</a>.</p> <p>Whether or not you have symptoms from sarcoidosis, it's important to get regular follow-up care from your provider, make healthy lifestyle changes, and contact your provider if you have any new symptoms.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Lungs and Breathing Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Pulmonary Rehabilitation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Lung Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Johns Hopkins Medicine Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Lung Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <h3>¿Qué es la sarcoidosis?</h3> <p>La sarcoidosis es una afección en la que grupos de células del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> forman bultos pequeños, rojos e hinchados (inflamados). Estos bultos se llaman granulomas. Pueden formarse en cualquier órgano del cuerpo, pero son más comunes en los pulmones y los ganglios linfáticos del pecho. Con el tiempo, la sarcoidosis puede provocar cicatrices permanentes en los órganos.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la sarcoidosis?</h3> <p>Su sistema inmunitario provoca inflamación para ayudar a defenderse contra gérmenes y enfermedades. Pero en la sarcoidosis hay un problema con esta inflamación. Hace que las células de su sistema inmunitario formen granulomas. Los estudios sugieren que esta inflamación podría ser causada por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html">infecciones</a> y ciertas sustancias del medio ambiente, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html">insecticidas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/molds.html">moho</a>; y sus genes pueden afectar la forma en que su sistema inmunitario reacciona ante un desencadenante.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener sarcoidosis?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener sarcoidosis, pero es más probable que la tenga si:</p> <ul> <li>Es una persona mayor, especialmente si tiene más de 55 años</li> <li>Vive o trabaja cerca de insecticidas, moho u otras sustancias que puedan causar inflamación</li> <li>Tiene un pariente cercano con sarcoidosis</li> <li>Toma ciertos medicamentos, como algunos tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html">medicinas contra el VIH</a> y anticuerpos monoclonales</li> <li>Es de ascendencia africana o escandinava</li> <li>Es mujer</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la sarcoidosis?</h3> <p>Muchas personas que tienen sarcoidosis no presentan síntomas o pueden sentirse mal pero sin ningún síntoma evidente. Si tiene síntomas, es posible que sean generales. Y puede que tenga otros síntomas, que dependerán de qué parte del cuerpo esté afectada.</p> <p>Los <strong>síntomas generales</strong> pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Pérdida de peso</li> <li>Ganglios linfáticos inflamados</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li>Sudores nocturnos (transpiración intensa mientras duerme)</li> </ul> <p>Los <strong>síntomas de la sarcoidosis en los pulmones</strong> pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Sibilancias</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas respiratorios</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor de pecho</a></li> </ul> <p>Los <strong>síntomas de la sarcoidosis en otras partes del cuerpo</strong> pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Hígado o bazo más grande de lo normal</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jaundice.html">Ictericia</a>, que causa un tono amarillento de la piel o los ojos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">Problemas del sistema nervioso</a>, como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Mareos</a></li> <li>Problemas de visión</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">Convulsiones</a></li> <li>Entumecimiento u hormigueo</li> </ul> </li> <li>Palpitaciones del corazón o latidos cardíacos irregulares (arritmia)</li> <li>Dolor e hinchazón en las articulaciones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinconditions.html">Problemas de la piel</a> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">sarpullido</a> y crecimientos debajo de la piel</li> </ul> <p>También existe un conjunto de síntomas llamados síndrome de Lofgren. Algunas personas presentan este síndrome cuando desarrollan sarcoidosis por primera vez. Por lo general, desaparece por completo en 2 años. Sus síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Ganglios linfáticos inflamados en el pecho, cuello, barbilla, axilas o ingle</li> <li>Una erupción de bultos pequeños, dolorosos o que pican, llamado eritema nudoso. La erupción suele aparecer en la cabeza, el cuello o las piernas</li> <li>Visión borrosa, dolor o enrojecimiento de los ojos, sensibilidad a la luz u ojos llorosos</li> <li>Dolor, rigidez o hinchazón de las articulaciones</li> <li>Fiebre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la sarcoidosis?</h3> <p>Si no se trata o si el tratamiento no funciona, la sarcoidosis puede causar problemas de salud graves (complicaciones). Las posibles complicaciones incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">Problemas pulmonares</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">Problemas del corazón</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">Problemas hormonales</a></li> <li>Problemas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braindiseases.html">cerebrales</a>, nerviosos o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/muscledisorders.html">musculares</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">Problemas renales</a></li> <li>Daño severo a los órganos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la sarcoidosis?</h3> <p>No existe una prueba única que pueda diagnosticar la sarcoidosis y sus síntomas pueden ser similares a los de muchas otras afecciones. Esto la hace difícil de diagnosticar. Para saber si tiene sarcoidosis, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntará sobre su historia clínica, incluyendo sus síntomas, estilo de vida y cualquier otra afección de salud que pueda tener</li> <li>Realizará un examen físico, que puede incluir: <ul> <li>Medir su temperatura</li> <li>Comprobar si los ganglios linfáticos, el bazo o el hígado están inflamados</li> <li>Escuchar su pecho con un estetoscopio mientras inhala y exhala</li> <li>Buscar erupciones o llagas en el cuerpo, como el cuero cabelludo y la parte inferior de las piernas</li> </ul> </li> • Probablemente solicite varias pruebas, como: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">Radiografía</a> del tórax</li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> de la piel, ganglios linfáticos, pulmones u otros órganos afectados</li> <li>Análisis de sangre para verificar sus conteos sanguíneos, niveles hormonales y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">qué tan bien están funcionando sus riñones</a></li> <li>Otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de imagen</a></li> </ul> </ul> <p>Si le diagnostican sarcoidosis, su profesional de la salud puede solicitar otras pruebas para observar cómo la sarcoidosis está afectando el cuerpo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la sarcoidosis?</h3> <p>La sarcoidosis no tiene cura. El objetivo del tratamiento de la sarcoidosis es la remisión, lo que significa que usted todavía tiene la afección, pero no le causa problemas.</p> <p>Es posible que no necesite tratamiento y, en ocasiones, la afección desaparece por sí sola. Si necesita tratamiento, este dependerá de sus síntomas, qué órganos están afectados y si esos órganos están funcionando bien. Es posible que le administren medicamentos para:</p> <ul> <li>Bajar la inflamación</li> <li>Tratar una respuesta inmune hiperactiva</li> <li>Tratar el dolor articular</li> <li>Tratar problemas de la piel</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene complicaciones por la sarcoidosis, es posible que necesite otros tratamientos, como otros medicamentos, cirugía, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">oxigenoterapia</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryrehabilitation.html">rehabilitación pulmonar</a> o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">marcapasos o desfibrilador cardíaco implantado</a>.</p> <p>Independientemente de si tiene síntomas de sarcoidosis o no, es importante recibir atención de seguimiento regular de su profesional de la salud, realizar cambios saludables en su estilo de vida y comunicarse con su proveedor si tiene algún síntoma nuevo.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Sarcoidosis Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <h3>¿Qué es el sarcoma de Kaposi?</h3> <p>El sarcoma de Kaposi es un tipo de cáncer. Provoca el crecimiento de lesiones (tejido anormal) en diferentes partes del cuerpo, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>La piel</li> <li>Ganglios linfáticos</li> <li>Membranas mucosas (el revestimiento de la boca, la nariz y la garganta)</li> <li>Otros órganos</li> </ul> <p>Estas lesiones suelen ser de color rojo o morado. Están formadas por células cancerosas, vasos sanguíneos nuevos y células sanguíneas. Las lesiones pueden comenzar en más de un lugar del cuerpo al mismo tiempo. Esto diferencia al sarcoma de Kaposi de otros tipos de cáncer.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el sarcoma de Kaposi y quién tiene más probabilidades de tenerlo?</h3> <p>El sarcoma de Kaposi es causado por una infección por el virus herpes humano tipo 8 (HHV-8). Este virus también se llama virus herpes asociado al sarcoma de Kaposi. La mayoría de las personas infectadas con este virus no contraen sarcoma de Kaposi. Pero ciertas personas que contraen este virus tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar uno de los tipos de sarcoma de Kaposi:</p> <ul> <li>Las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados debido al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> pueden desarrollar <strong>sarcoma de Kaposi epidémico (asociado al VIH)</strong></li> <li>Las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados debido a los medicamentos que deben tomar después de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">trasplante de órgan</a>o pueden desarrollar <strong>sarcoma de Kaposi iatrogénico (relacionado con el trasplante)</strong></li> <li>Los hombres mayores de ascendencia judía mediterránea o de Europa del este pueden desarrollar el <strong>sarcoma de Kaposi clásico</strong></li> <li>Los hombres jóvenes en África pueden desarrollar <strong>sarcoma de Kaposi endémico (africano)</strong></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del sarcoma de Kaposi?</h3> <p>En general, el sarcoma de Kaposi comienza como una o más lesiones en la piel de color rojo, morado o marrón en las piernas y los pies. Suele aparecer en los tobillos o en las plantas de los pies. Con el tiempo, se pueden formar lesiones en otras partes del cuerpo. Es posible que las lesiones no causen síntomas. Pero en ocasiones, las lesiones pueden causar problemas, especialmente a medida que aparecen más y crecen, como:</p> <ul> <li>La presión de las lesiones puede bloquear el flujo de linfa y sangre en las piernas y causar hinchazón dolorosa</li> <li>Si las lesiones crecen en el estómago o los intestinos, pueden <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">sangrar</a> y causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">dolor abdominal</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a></li> <li>Las lesiones en los pulmones también pueden sangrar y causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">problemas para respirar</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el sarcoma de Kaposi?</h3> <p>Para averiguar si tiene sarcoma de Kaposi, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Preguntará sobre su historia clínica y familiar</li> <li>Realizará un examen físico</li> <li>Puede solicitar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografía de tórax</a> para buscar sarcoma de Kaposi en los pulmones</li> <li>Puede realizar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a> para detectar lesiones de sarcoma de Kaposi en la piel</li> <li>Puede realizar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html">endoscopia</a> para detectar sarcoma de Kaposi en el estómago y los intestinos</li> <li>Puede realizar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/broncoscopia-con-lavado-broncoalveolar/">broncoscopia</a> para detectar sarcoma de Kaposi en los pulmones</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene sarcoma de Kaposi, es probable que necesite pruebas de sangre y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">imágenes</a> para determinar si el cáncer se ha diseminado a otras partes del cuerpo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el sarcoma de Kaposi?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos que reciba dependerán de:</p> <ul> <li>El tipo de sarcoma de Kaposi que tenga</li> <li>Cuántas lesiones tiene y en qué parte del cuerpo están</li> <li>Qué tipos de problemas están causando las lesiones</li> <li>Su salud general</li> </ul> <p>Para las personas con sarcoma de Kaposi epidémico (asociado al VIH), tomar medicamentos contra el VIH puede ser suficiente para tratar el sarcoma de Kaposi. Para quienes tienen sarcoma de Kaposi iatrogénico (relacionado con un trasplante), puede ser útil cambiar la dosis de los medicamentos o cambiar de medicina. Pero algunas personas con estos tipos de sarcoma de Kaposi necesitarán tratamiento adicional.</p> <p>Las opciones de tratamiento para el sarcoma de Kaposi pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/radiationtherapy.html">Radioterapia</a></li> <li>Cirugía</li> <li>Criocirugía, un tratamiento que utiliza un instrumento para congelar y destruir tejido anormal</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">Quimioterapia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerimmunotherapy.html">Inmunoterapia</a></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Piel, cabello y uñas Kaposi Sarcoma Instituto Nacional del Cáncer VIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH <p>Los tejidos blandos conectan, apoyan o rodean a otros tejidos. Algunos ejemplos incluyen músculos, tendones, grasa y vasos sanguíneos. El sarcoma de tejidos blandos es un cáncer en los tejidos blandos. Existen muchos tipos, tomando como base el tipo de tejido en el que se inician. Algunas veces se diseminan y pueden ejercer presión sobre los nervios y otros órganos, causando problemas como dolor o dificultad para respirar. </p> <p>Nadie sabe exactamente cuál es la causa de estos cánceres. No son comunes, pero usted corre un riesgo mayor si estuvo expuesto a determinadas sustancias químicas, recibió radioterapia o tiene algunas enfermedades genéticas.</p> <p>Para diagnosticar sarcomas del tejido blando, los médicos deben extirpar y examinar una parte del tumor en el microscopio. El tratamiento incluye cirugía para extirpar el tumor, radioterapia, quimioterapia o una combinación de éstas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Soft Tissue Sarcoma Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Sarcoma de Kaposi Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Escabiosis <p>La sarna es un cuadro que causa picazón en la piel provocada por el ácaro microscópico Sarcoptes scabei. Es común en todo el mundo y afecta a las personas de todas las razas y clases sociales. La sarna se disemina rápidamente en lugares con mucha gente en los que hay contacto frecuente con la piel de otras personas. Los hospitales, los centros de cuidado infantil y las residencias para personas mayores y convalecientes (también llamados establecimientos de cuidados especializados de enfermería o centro de cuidados prolongados) son algunos ejemplos. La sarna puede infectar fácilmente a las parejas sexuales y otros familiares en casa. Compartir ropa, toallas y sábanas también puede diseminarla. Las mascotas no diseminan la sarna. Las mascotas adquieren un tipo diferente de infección llamada sarna animal. </p> <p>Los síntomas son:</p> <ul> <li> Irritación o erupción parecida a las espinillas </li> <li> Picazón intensa, especialmente durante la noche </li> <li> Llagas causadas por rascarse </li> </ul> <p>Su proveedor de cuidados de salud puede diagnosticar la sarna observando el sarpullido y los pequeños túneles que dejan los ácaros en la piel. </p> <p>Existen varias lociones disponibles para tratar la sarna. La ropa, las sábanas y las toallas de la persona infectada deberán lavarse en agua caliente y secarse en una secadora con calor. Este tratamiento se recomienda también para las otras personas que viven en el hogar y para las parejas íntimas. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Scabies Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Enfermedades parasitarias Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Dermatitis Erupción en la piel <p>Un sarpullido es un área en la piel que está irritada o inflamada. Muchos sarpullidos son rojos, dolorosos, irritados y pican. Algunos sarpullidos también pueden conducir a ampollas o partes de piel en carne viva. El sarpullido es un síntoma de muchos cuadros clínicos diferentes. Otras causas incluyen sustancias irritantes y alergias. Ciertos genes pueden hacer a las personas más propensas a estas erupciones.</p> <p>La dermatitis por contacto es un tipo común de sarpullido. Causa enrojecimiento, picazón y en ocasiones pequeñas protuberancias. Usted presenta la erupción tras haber tocado un irritante, como un producto químico, o algo a lo que usted es alérgico, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisonivyoakandsumac.html">hiedra venenosa</a>. </p> <p>Algunos sarpullidos se desarrollan inmediatamente. Otros se forman en el transcurso de varios días. Aunque la mayoría de los sarpullidos desaparecen en forma rápida, otros toman tiempo y necesitan tratamiento de largo plazo.</p> <p>Debido a que los sarpullidos tienen muchas causas, es importante averiguar el tipo que usted tiene antes de tratarlo. Si es un sarpullido serio, si no mejora o si presenta otros síntomas, debe ver a su proveedor de salud. Los tratamientos incluyen humectantes, lociones, baños, cremas con cortisona que alivian la inflamación y antihistamínicos, los cuales alivian la picazón.</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Rashes Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Alergia Alergia al látex Eccema Enfermedades de la piel Hiedra, roble y zumaque venenosos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH <p>Scabies is an itchy skin condition caused by the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabei. It is common all over the world, and can affect anyone. Scabies spreads quickly in crowded conditions where there is frequent skin-to-skin contact between people. Hospitals, child-care centers, and nursing homes are examples. Scabies can easily infect sex partners and other household members. Sharing clothes, towels, and bedding can sometimes spread scabies. This can happen much more easily when the infested person has crusted scabies. You cannot get scabies from a pet. Pets get a different mite infection called mange. </p> <p>Symptoms are:</p><ul> <li>Pimple-like irritations or a rash </li> <li>Intense itching, especially at night</li> <li>Sores caused by scratching </li> </ul> <p>Your health care provider diagnoses scabies by looking at the skin rash and finding burrows in the skin.</p> <p>Several lotions are available to treat scabies. The infected person's clothes, bedding and towels should be washed in hot water and dried in a hot dryer. Treatment is also recommended for household members and sexual partners.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Sarna Scabies Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Parasitic Diseases Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Children American Academy of Pediatrics Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Dermatology Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cicatrix Keloid scar <p>A scar is a permanent patch of skin that grows over a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html">wound</a>. It forms when your body heals itself after a cut, scrape, burn, or sore. You can also get scars from surgery that cuts through the skin, infections like chickenpox, or skin conditions like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html">acne</a>. Scars are often thicker, as well as pinker, redder, or shinier, than the rest of your skin. </p> <p>How your scar looks depends on:</p><ul> <li>How big and deep your wound is</li> <li>Where it is </li> <li>How long it takes to heal </li> <li>Your age</li> <li>Your inherited tendency to scar</li> </ul> <p>Scars usually fade over time but never go away completely. If the way a scar looks bothers you, various treatments might minimize it. These include surgical revision, dermabrasion, laser treatments, injections, chemical peels, and creams. </p> Skin, Hair and Nails Cicatriz Cicatrix Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Cicatrix Hypertrophic Scar Keloids Specifics American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Images American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Images VisualDX Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Treatments and Therapies American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Dermatology Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Start Here American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation <p>Schizophrenia is a serious brain illness. People who have it may hear voices that aren't there. They may think other people are trying to hurt them. Sometimes they don't make sense when they talk. The disorder makes it hard for them to keep a job or take care of themselves.</p> <p>Symptoms of schizophrenia usually start between ages 16 and 30. Men often develop symptoms at a younger age than women. People usually do not get schizophrenia after age 45. There are three types of symptoms:</p> <ul> <li>Psychotic symptoms distort a person's thinking. These include hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not there), delusions (beliefs that are not true), trouble organizing thoughts, and strange movements.</li> <li>"Negative" symptoms make it difficult to show emotions and to function normally. A person may seem depressed and withdrawn.</li> <li>Cognitive symptoms affect the thought process. These include trouble using information, making decisions, and paying attention.</li> </ul> <p>No one is sure what causes schizophrenia. Your genes, environment, and brain chemistry may play a role.</p> <p>There is no cure. Medicine can help control many of the symptoms. You may need to try different medicines to see which works best. You should stay on your medicine for as long as your doctor recommends. Additional treatments can help you deal with your illness from day to day. These include therapy, family education, rehabilitation, and skills training.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health</p> Mental Health and Behavior Esquizofrenia Schizophrenia Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health Video NIH Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Start Here American Psychiatric Association Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert NAMI Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here NAMI PDF Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues NAMI Specifics National Institute of Mental Health NIH <p>Your child spends more time at school than anywhere else except home. Schools can have a major effect on children's health. Schools can teach children about health, and promote healthy behaviors. Physical education classes give children a chance to get exercise.</p> <p>Schools work to:</p><ul> <li>Prevent risky behaviors such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html">alcohol</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smokingandyouth.html">tobacco</a> use or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bullyingandcyberbullying.html">bullying and cyberbullying</a></li> <li>Encourage healthy habits like exercise and healthy eating</li> <li>Deal with specific health problems in students, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthmainchildren.html">asthma</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesityinchildren.html">obesity</a> and infectious diseases</li> </ul> <p>The school building and environment should be a safe and healthy place for your child.</p> Children and Teenagers Salud escolar School Health Services Spanish Bullying and Cyberbullying Child Safety College Health Related Issues Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Statistics and Research Department of Education Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Pediatrics Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>Sciatica is a symptom of a problem with the sciatic nerve, the largest nerve in the body. It controls muscles in the back of your knee and lower leg and provides feeling to the back of your thigh, part of your lower leg, and the sole of your foot. When you have sciatica, you have pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling. It can start in the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html">lower back</a> and extend down your leg to your calf, foot, or even your toes. It's usually on only one side of your body.</p> <p>Causes of sciatica include:</p><ul> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herniateddisk.html">ruptured intervertebral disk</a></li> <li>Narrowing of the spinal canal that puts pressure on the nerve, called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalstenosis.html">spinal stenosis</a></li> <li>An injury such as a pelvic fracture.</li> </ul> <p>In many cases no cause can be found.</p> <p>Sometimes sciatica goes away on its own. Treatment, if needed, depends on the cause of the problem. It may include exercises, medicines, and surgery.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Brain and Nerves Symptoms Ciática Sciatica Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Back Pain Herniated Disk Peripheral Nerve Disorders Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert American Physical Therapy Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Journal Articles Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Circumscribed scleroderma Dermatosclerosis Morphea Systemic sclerosis <h3>What is scleroderma? </h3> <p>Scleroderma means "hard skin." It's the name of an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune disease</a> that causes inflammation and thickening in the skin and other areas of the body. This inflammation causes you to have areas of tight, hard skin. Scleroderma may affect just one area of your body, or it can affect many systems in your body.</p> <h3>What are the types of scleroderma?</h3> <p>There are two main types of scleroderma:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Localized scleroderma</strong> only affects your skin and the muscles and tissues just under your skin.</li> <li><strong>Systemic scleroderma,</strong> which is also called systemic sclerosis, is a more serious type. It affects many parts of your body and can damage your blood vessels and internal organs, such as your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">lungs</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidneys</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes scleroderma?</h3> <p>The exact cause of scleroderma is unknown. Researchers think that several factors may play a part in causing the disease:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Your genetics.</strong> Certain genes can increase the chance that you will develop scleroderma. They may also play a role in which the type of scleroderma you have. Scleroderma is not passed from parent to child, but you are more likely to develop it if a close relative has it.</li> <li><strong>Your environment.</strong> Exposure to certain things in the environment, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viruses</a> or chemicals, may trigger scleroderma.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">Immune system changes</a>.</strong> When your immune system changes, it can trigger your cells to make too much collagen in the body. Too much collagen causes patches of tight, hard skin.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">Hormones</a>.</strong> Hormonal or immune system differences between women and men might play a part in the disease.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop scleroderma?</h3> <p>Anyone can get scleroderma, but certain factors may make you more likely to develop it:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Your sex.</strong> Scleroderma is more common in women than in men.</li> <li><strong>Your age.</strong> The disease usually appears between the ages of 30 and 50.</li> <li><strong>Your race.</strong> Scleroderma can affect people of all races and ethnic groups, but the disease can affect African Americans more severely.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of scleroderma?</h3> <p>The symptoms of scleroderma are different for each person, depending on the type of scleroderma you have:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Localized scleroderma</strong> usually causes patches of thick, hard skin in one of two patterns: <ul> <li>Patches in firm, oval shapes that stay in one area or spread to other areas of skin. This is called morphea.</li> <li>Lines of thickened or different colored skin that run down your arm, leg, and, rarely, on the forehead. This is called linear scleroderma.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Systemic scleroderma</strong> can cause problems with your internal organs as well as your skin. It can cause symptoms such as: <ul> <li>Thick, tight skin on your fingers</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html">Raynaud's phenomenon</a>, a narrowing of blood vessels in the hands or feet</li> <li>Damage to your internal organs, including your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html">digestive system</a>, lungs, kidneys, and heart</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>How is scleroderma diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no single test for scleroderma. The symptoms can vary from person to person and can be similar to those of other diseases. This can make scleroderma hard to diagnose.</p> <p>To find out if you have scleroderma, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your symptoms and medical history</li> <li>Will do a physical exam</li> <li>May order blood tests, including an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ana-antinuclear-antibody-test/">ANA (antinuclear antibody) test</a></li> <li>May do a skin <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a></li> <li>May do other tests, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>, to check for organ damage</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for scleroderma?</h3> <p>There is no cure for scleroderma, but treatments can help control your symptoms and limit damage. The treatments may include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> to help decrease swelling, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">manage pain</a>, control other symptoms, and prevent complications.</li> <li><strong>Physical or occupational therapy</strong> to help with pain, improve muscle strength, and teach you ways to help with daily living.</li> <li><strong>Regular dental care,</strong> because scleroderma can make your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html">mouth dry</a> and damage connective tissues in your mouth. These problems can speed up <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html">tooth decay</a> and cause your teeth to become loose.</li> </ul> <p>You may need to see specialists to help treat your disease. Many people with scleroderma will see a rheumatologist. This is a doctor who specializes in rheumatic diseases such as arthritis and other inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. Dermatologists, who specialize in conditions of the skin, hair, and nails, may also play an important role in treating the disease. And if you have organ damage, you may need to see other specialists.</p> <p>You can also help manage some of your symptoms, for example by:</p> <ul> <li>Dressing warm and avoiding cold or wet environments</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">Quitting smoking</a> (if you smoke)</li> <li>Putting on <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">sunscreen</a> before you go outdoors</li> <li>Using moisturizers on your skin to help lessen stiffness</li> <li>Avoiding hot baths and showers, harsh soaps, and household cleaners</li> <li>Getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">regular physical activity</a></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Immune System Esclerodermia Scleroderma, Systemic Scleroderma, Localized Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Raynaud Phenomenon Morphea Systemic Sclerosis Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research Arthritis Foundation PDF Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Scleroderma Foundation PDF Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Rheumatology Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Scleroderma Research Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH <p>Scoliosis causes a sideways curve of your backbone, or spine. These curves are often S- or C-shaped. Scoliosis is most common in late childhood and the early teens, when children grow fast. Girls are more likely to have it than boys. It can run in families. Symptoms include leaning to one side and having uneven shoulders and hips. Sometimes it is easy to notice, but not always.</p> <p>Children may get screening for scoliosis at school or during a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html">checkup</a>. If it looks like there is a problem, your doctor will use your medical and family history, a physical exam, and imaging tests to make a diagnosis. Treatment depends on your age, how much more you're likely to grow, how much curving there is, and whether the curve is temporary or permanent. People with mild scoliosis might only need checkups to see if the curve is getting worse. Others might need to wear a brace or have surgery. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Escoliosis Scoliosis Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Scoliosis Research Society Teenagers Scoliosis Research Society Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics Scoliosis Research Society Journal Articles Start Here Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Scoliosis Research Society Children National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Scoliosis Research Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation SAD Seasonal depression Seasonal mood disorder <p>Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> that comes and goes with the seasons. It usually starts in the late fall and early winter and goes away during the spring and summer. Some people do have episodes of depression that start in the spring or summer, but that is a lot less common. Symptoms of SAD may include:</p><ul> <li>Sadness</li> <li>Gloomy outlook</li> <li>Feeling hopeless, worthless, and irritable</li> <li>Loss of interest or pleasure in activities you used to enjoy</li> <li>Low energy</li> <li>Difficulty sleeping or oversleeping</li> <li>Carbohydrate cravings and weight gain</li> <li>Thoughts of death or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html">suicide</a></li> </ul> <p>SAD is more common in women, young people, and those who live far from the equator. You are also more likely to have SAD if you or your family members have depression.</p> <p>The exact causes of SAD are unknown. Researchers have found that people with SAD may have an imbalance of serotonin, a brain chemical that affects your mood. Their bodies also make too much melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep, and not enough vitamin D.</p> <p>The main treatment for SAD is light therapy. The idea behind light therapy is to replace the sunshine that you miss during the fall and winter months. You sit in front of a light therapy box every morning to get daily exposure to bright, artificial light. But some people with SAD do not respond to light therapy alone. Antidepressant medicines and talk therapy can reduce SAD symptoms, either alone or combined with light therapy.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health</p> Mental Health and Behavior Trastorno afectivo estacional Seasonal Affective Disorder Spanish National Institute of Mental Health SAD Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More NIH Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Learn More National Institute of Mental Health NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More National Institute of Mental Health NIH Learn More American Psychological Association Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Environmental tobacco smoke Passive smoking Tobacco smoke pollution <p>Secondhand smoke is a mixture of the smoke that comes from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe, and the smoke breathed out by the smoker. It contains more than 7,000 chemicals. Hundreds of those chemicals are toxic and about 70 can cause cancer.</p> <p>Health effects of secondhand smoke include:</p><ul> <li>Ear infections in children</li> <li>More frequent and severe asthma attacks in children</li> <li>Heart disease and lung cancer in adults who have never smoked</li> </ul> <p>There is no safe amount of secondhand smoke. Even low levels of it can be harmful. The only way to fully protect nonsmokers from secondhand smoke is not to allow <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">smoking</a> indoors.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Inhalación pasiva de humo Tobacco Smoke Pollution Spanish National Cancer Institute Smokeless Tobacco Smoking Environmental Tobacco Smoke Passive Smoking Smoking, Passive Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Lung Association Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Health and Human Services Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids PDF Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Cancer Society Women National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services PDF Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Start Here National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Start Here Surgeon General PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <p>Es imposible eliminar todos los peligros en la vida, pero se pueden disminuir. Si se toman las siguientes medidas, se pueden evitar los peligros mayores y prepararse para emergencias:</p><ul> <li> Conserve los números telefónicos de emergencia cerca de sus teléfonos </li> <li> Prepare un botiquín de primeros auxilios para su casa </li> <li> Prepare un plan familiar de emergencia </li> <li> Instale y mantenga activados los detectores de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/firesafety.html">humo</a> y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html">monóxido de carbono</a> </li> <li> Mantenga las armas descargadas y bajo llave. Guarde las municiones separadamente bajo llave</li> <li> Siga cuidadosamente las instrucciones cuando utilice herramientas o equipos</li> </ul> <p>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsafety.html">niños</a> pequeños corren riesgos especiales. La supervisión es la mejor manera de mantenerlos seguros. Preparar la casa con protección especial para niños también puede ayudar. </p> Asuntos de seguridad Safety Accidentes, Prevención Prevención de accidentes Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Seguridad en el auto Seguridad en los vehículos de motor <p>Cada año miles de personas en Estados Unidos muere en un accidente automovilístico. Tratar de prevenir estos accidentes es una parte de la seguridad al conducir. Éstas son algunas cosas que puede hacer para estar más seguro en las carreteras y caminos:</p> <ul> <li>Asegúrese de que el vehículo es seguro y funciona correctamente</li> <li>Utilice asientos de seguridad para los niños</li> <li>Use el cinturón de seguridad</li> <li>No conduzca demasiado rápido o agresivamente</li> <li>No conduzca si no está en <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/impaireddriving.html">condiciones de hacerlo</a></li> </ul> <p>Seguridad también significa estar pendiente de otros. Comparta la calle con bicicletas y motos y preste atención a los peatones.</p> Asuntos de seguridad Motor Vehicle Safety Inhabilidad para conducir Accidentes de tránsito Asientos para niños en el auto Auto, Seguridad Carro, Seguridad Coche, Seguridad Manejar, Seguridad al Seguridad en los vehículos de motor Sillas para niños en el automóvil Tránsito, Accidentes de Vehículos de motor, Seguridad en Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Colegio Americano de Médicos de Emergencia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración Nacional de Seguridad del Tráfico en las Carreteras Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Inocuidad de los alimentos Seguridad alimentaria Seguridad con los alimentos <p>Medidas adecuadas de seguridad en la manipulación, cocción y almacenamiento de alimentos pueden prevenir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodborneillness.html">enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos</a>. Hay cuatro pasos básicos para la seguridad alimentaria en el hogar:</p> <ul> <li> Limpiar: Siempre lave los alimentos, las manos, mostradores y utensilios de cocina</li> <li> Separe: Mantenga los alimentos crudos separados de los cocidos. Los gérmenes pueden propagarse de un alimento a otro</li> <li> Cocine: Los alimentos necesitan calentarse y mantenerse calientes. El calor mata a los gérmenes</li> <li> Enfríe: Ponga la comida fresca en el refrigerador inmediatamente</li> </ul> <p> En la tienda, evite latas que estén abolladas o frascos que tengan grietas o tapas sueltas. Revise las etiquetas para verificar que no ha alcanzado su fecha de vencimiento. </p> <p class="">Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos </p> Alimentos y nutrición Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Asuntos de seguridad Food Safety Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos Alimentos, Seguridad Inocuidad de los alimentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Niños/as Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos PDF Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos Video Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos Video Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos Personas mayores Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Infografía Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Información de Pesticidas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos <p>Prevenir incendios es una parte importante de la seguridad contra los incendios. En los Estados Unidos, cocinar es la principal causa de los incendios domésticos. Los cigarrillos también presentan un gran riesgo, son la primera causa de muerte por incendios. Estos son algunos consejos para su prevención:</p><ul> <li> No deje la cocina o el horno encendidos sin vigilarlos </li> <li> No permita que los niños utilicen aparatos de cocina sin su supervisión </li> <li>No fume en la cama </li> <li> Asegúrese que sus equipos electrodomésticos y cables estén en buenas condiciones</li> </ul> <p>También es importante estar preparado en caso de incendio. Asegúrese que su casa cuenta con alarmas de humo en buen funcionamiento en cada piso y en cada habitación. Además, tenga extintores (matafuegos) en cada piso y en la cocina. Tenga y practique un plan de evacuación en caso de que no se pueda usar la puerta principal. </p> Asuntos de seguridad Fire Safety Incendios forestales Quemaduras Más información Spanish/Español Administración Estadounidense para la Prevención de Incendios PDF Más información Spanish/Español Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Más información Spanish/Español Comisión de Seguridad de los Productos para el Consumidor PDF Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Administración Estadounidense para la Prevención de Incendios PDF Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Nacional de Protección contra Incendios Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Más información Spanish/Español Administración Estadounidense para la Prevención de Incendios PDF Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <h3>¿Qué son las vacunas?</h3> <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html">vacunas</a> juegan un papel importante para mantenernos saludables. Nos protegen de enfermedades graves y a veces mortales. Las vacunas son inyecciones, líquidos, pastillas o aerosoles nasales que usted toma para enseñarle al sistema inmunitario de su cuerpo a reconocer y defenderse de gérmenes dañinos, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virus</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">bacterias</a>.</p> <p>Algunos tipos de vacunas contienen que causan enfermedades, pero estos gérmenes han sido eliminados o debilitados lo suficiente para que no le enfermen. Algunas vacunas solo tienen una parte de un germen. Otras tienen instrucciones para sus células con el fin de fabricar una proteína de un germen.</p> <p>Estos diferentes tipos de vacunas son capaces de desencadenar una respuesta inmune que ayuda a su cuerpo a combatir los gérmenes. Su sistema inmunitario también recordará el germen y lo atacará si vuelve a invadirlo. Esta protección contra una determinada enfermedad se llama inmunidad.</p> <p>Ya que estas enfermedades pueden ser muy graves, es más seguro obtener inmunidad a partir de una vacuna que contraer la afección. Y para algunas vacunas, la inmunización puede brindarle una mejor respuesta inmunitaria que la que obtendría al contagiarse de la enfermedad.</p> <h3>¿Causan las vacunas efectos secundarios?</h3> <p>Como ocurre con los medicamentos, cualquier vacuna puede provocar efectos secundarios. La mayoría de las veces, los efectos secundarios son leves, como dolor en el brazo, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">fatiga</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a> baja. En general, desaparecen en pocos días. Estos efectos secundarios comunes suelen ser una señal de que su cuerpo está comenzando a desarrollar inmunidad contra una enfermedad.</p> <p>Si bien pueden ocurrir efectos secundarios graves por vacunas, son muy raros. Estos efectos secundarios pueden incluir una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anaphylaxis.html">reacción alérgica</a> grave. Otros son diferentes para cada vacuna. Hable con su médico si le preocupa su salud tras vacunarse.</p> <p>A algunas personas les preocupa que las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html">vacunas para niños</a> puedan causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html">trastorno del espectro autista</a>. Sin embargo, muchos estudios científicos que lo han analizado no han encontrado ningún vínculo entre las vacunas y esta afección.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se prueba la seguridad de las vacunas?</h3> <p>Cada vacuna aprobada en los Estados Unidos pasa por extensas pruebas de seguridad. Antes de que sea aprobada por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA), se realizan pruebas y evaluaciones. A menudo, este proceso puede tomar varios años.:</p><ul> <li>Primero, la vacuna se prueba en laboratorios. Según los resultados, la FDA decide si se debe probar la vacuna en personas</li> <li>Las pruebas con personas se realizan a través de ensayos clínicos. En estos ensayos, las vacunas se prueban en voluntarios. En general, los ensayos clínicos comienzan con 20 a 100 voluntarios, pero eventualmente incluyen a miles de ellos</li> <li>Los ensayos clínicos tienen tres fases. Los ensayos buscan la respuesta a preguntas importantes como</li> <ul> <li> ¿Es segura la vacuna?</li> <li>¿Qué dosis (cantidad) funciona mejor?</li> <li> ¿Cómo reacciona el sistema inmunitario?</li> <li>¿Qué tan efectivo es?</li> </ul> <li>Durante el proceso, la FDA trabaja en estrecha colaboración con la empresa que fabrica la vacuna para evaluar su seguridad y eficacia. Si se determina que la vacuna es segura y eficaz, será aprobada y autorizada por la FDA</li> <li>Una vez que se autoriza una vacuna, los expertos pueden considerar agregarla al calendario de vacunación recomendado por los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC). El calendario enumera qué vacunas se recomiendan para diferentes grupos de personas. Establece qué grupos de edad deben recibir vacunas específicas, cuántas dosis necesitan y cuándo deben recibirlas</li> </ul> <p>Las pruebas y el control continúan después de aprobarse la vacuna:</p><ul> <li>La empresa que fabrica las vacunas prueba cada lote de inmunizaciones para verificar su calidad y seguridad. La FDA revisa los resultados de estas pruebas. También inspecciona las fábricas donde se elabora la vacuna. Estas medidas ayudan a asegurar que las vacunas cumplan con los estándares de calidad y seguridad</li> <li> La FDA, los CDC y otras agencias federales continúan monitoreando su seguridad para detectar posibles efectos secundarios y cuentan con sistemas para rastrear cualquier problema de seguridad con las vacunas</li> </ul> <p>Estos altos estándares y pruebas de seguridad ayudan a garantizar que las vacunas en los Estados Unidos sean seguras. Las vacunas ayudan a proteger contra enfermedades graves, incluso mortales. No solo le protegen, sino que también ayudan a evitar que estas afecciones se propaguen a otras personas.</p> Infecciones Sistema inmunitario Asuntos de seguridad Vaccine Safety Vacuna para la gripe Vacunación Vacunas contra el COVID-19 Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina Vacunas para los niños Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Video NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Cómo usar los equipos médicos con seguridad <p>Un equipo médico es cualquier dispositivo usado para diagnosticar, curar o tratar una enfermedad o para prevenirla. Van desde pequeños y simples, como un medidor de glucosa en la sangre, a grandes y complejos, como un ventilador mecánico. Usted puede utilizar alguno en la casa o el trabajo, o tal vez necesite uno en un hospital. </p> <p>Para utilizar los dispositivos médicos en forma segura:</p><ul> <li>Conozca cómo funciona el dispositivo. Mantenga las instrucciones cerca</li> <li>Entienda y responda adecuadamente a las alarmas de los dispositivos</li> <li>Tenga un plan de respaldo y suministros en caso de una emergencia</li> <li>Mantenga los números de emergencia disponibles y actualícelos cuando sea necesario</li> <li>Eduque a su familia y cuidadores sobre su dispositivo</li> </ul> <p class="">Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos </p> Asuntos de seguridad Medical Device Safety Seguridad de los medicamentos Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Seguridad al comprar medicinas Seguridad de los remedios <p>Antes de que cualquier medicamento pueda venderse en los Estados Unidos, debe ser aprobado por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA, por sus siglas en inglés). Esto es así ya sea que se trate de un medicamento recetado o de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/overthecountermedicines.html">venta libre</a>. La FDA evalúa tanto la eficacia como la seguridad de un medicamento al estudiar:</p> <ul> <li>Cómo las pruebas en animales y los ensayos clínicos en humanos afectan el trastorno que el medicamento está tratando</li> <li>Si se producen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">efectos secundarios</a></li> <li>Cómo se fabrica</li> <li>Lo que dice el etiquetado</li> </ul> <p>La FDA también supervisa la seguridad de un medicamento después de su aprobación. Los profesionales de la salud y los pacientes pueden informar los efectos secundarios de los medicamentos a través del <a href="https://www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch-fda-safety-information-and-adverse-event-reporting-program">sitio web MedWatch</a> de la FDA (en inglés).</p> <p>Para usted, la seguridad de los medicamentos significa comprar en línea solo en farmacias autorizadas ubicadas en los Estados Unidos. También significa saber cómo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html">tomar sus medicinas correctamente</a>.</p> Asuntos de seguridad Tratamiento con medicamentos Drug Safety Alergia al látex Diagnóstico por imágenes Errores en la administración de medicamentos Fraude en los servicios de salud Interacciones y efectos secundarios de los medicamentos Medicamentos Medicamentos y los niños Medicina herbaria Seguridad de los equipos médicos Vitaminas Medicamentos, Seguridad de los Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos <p>Como padres, queremos que nuestros hijos estén alejados del peligro. Tome las medidas necesarias para mantener a su hijo seguro:</p> <ul> <li>Instale el asiento de seguridad adecuado para el niño en su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/motorvehiclesafety.html">automóvil</a></li> <li>Enseñe a los niños a cruzar las calles con seguridad</li> <li>Asegúrese de que usan la ropa y el equipamiento correcto para hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sportssafety.html">deportes</a></li> <li>Instale y pruebe las alarmas de humo</li> <li>Guarde los medicamentos, los limpiadores y otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoning.html">sustancias peligrosas</a> en armarios cerrados con llave</li> <li>Haga que su casa sea segura para los bebés</li> <li>No deje a los niños pequeños sin vigilancia</li> </ul> Niños y adolescentes Asuntos de seguridad Child Safety Cuidado del recién nacido y del bebé Salud escolar Seguridad al conducir Chicos, Seguridad de los Niños, Seguridad Comience aquí Spanish/Español Organización Panamericana de la Salud PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Comisión de Seguridad de los Productos para el Consumidor Video Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comercio Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica <p>Usted puede ayudar a prevenir los errores médicos al ser un miembro activo de su equipo de atención médica. Las investigaciones muestran que los pacientes que están más involucrados en su cuidado tienden a obtener mejores resultados. Para reducir el riesgo de errores médicos, usted puede:</p> <ul> <li>Hacer preguntas si tiene dudas o inquietudes. Vaya con un pariente o amigo a su cita médica para ayudarle a hacer preguntas y entender las respuestas</li> <li>Asegúrese de entender lo que sucederá si necesita cirugía </li> <li> Informar a sus proveedores de atención médica sobre todos los medicamentos que toma, incluyendo medicinas de venta libre y suplementos dietéticos. Incluya información sobre cualquier alergia o reacciones adversas a la anestesia. Asegúrese de saber cómo tomar sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicationerrors.html">medicamentos en forma correcta</a> </li> <li>Obtener una segunda opinión sobre las opciones de tratamiento </li> <li>Guardar una copia de su propia <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalhealthrecords.html">historia clínica</a> </li> </ul> <p class="">Agencia Para la Calidad e Investigación y Cuidado de la Salud </p> Sistemas de salud Asuntos personales de salud Patient Safety Derechos del paciente Errores en la administración de medicamentos Confidencialidad Paciente, Seguridad del Privacidad Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Seguridad al nadar <p>Jugar en el agua, ya sea al nadar, navegar o bucear, puede ser divertido. También puede ser peligroso, especialmente para los niños. Tomar medidas de seguridad puede ayudar a prevenir lesiones y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drowning.html">ahogos</a>. Para mantenerse seguro en el agua:</p> <ul> <li> Evite el alcohol cuando nade o navegue </li> <li>Use un chaleco salvavidas cada vez que esté en un bote</li> <li> No nade solo o con mal tiempo</li> <li> Aprenda <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cpr.html">resucitación cardiopulmonar (RCP)</a></li> <li> Aprenda a nadar y enséñele a sus niños </li> <li> Supervise a sus niños cuando estén en el agua</li> <li> Prevenga las quemaduras por el sol y use suficiente bloqueador solar</li> </ul> Asuntos de seguridad Water Safety (Recreational) Ahogo Barotrauma Seguridad Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría <p>Practicar deportes puede ser divertido, pero si no se tiene cuidado también puede ser peligroso. Puede ayudar a prevenir lesiones si:</p> <ul> <li> Se hace un examen físico para asegurarse de que se encuentra sano antes de empezar a practicar su deporte </li> <li> Utiliza los zapatos, la ropa y el equipo adecuados </li> <li> Bebe mucha agua </li> <li> Calienta y estira los músculos antes de empezar </li> </ul> <p>Si tiene alguna lesión previa durante la práctica de un deporte, asegúrese de recuperarse completamente antes de comenzar de nuevo. Si es posible, proteja la parte del cuerpo lesionada con un dispositivo acojinado, un aparato ortopédico o equipo especial. Cuando comience nuevamente, hágalo lentamente.</p> Asuntos de seguridad Aptitud física y ejercicio Sports Safety Entrenamiento para deportes y ejercicio Problemas y lesiones causados por los deportes Seguridad en el agua (Recreación) Deportes, Seguridad Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión de Seguridad de los Productos para el Consumidor PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Mujeres Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Aseguranza Seguro médico <p>El seguro para el cuidado de la salud ayuda a la gente a protegerse contra los elevados costos médicos. Es un contrato entre la persona y la compañía de seguros en donde la persona compra un plan y la compañía accede a cubrir parte de los gastos médicos. </p> <p> Mucha gente en los Estados Unidos tiene un seguro para el cuidado de la salud a través de sus empleadores. En la mayoría de los casos, el empleador ayuda a pagar ese seguro. El seguro a través de los empleadores suele ser un plan de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/managedcare.html">atención médica administrada</a>. Estos planes contratan a profesionales de la salud y centros médicos para suministrarles atención médica a los afiliados, con costos reducidos. También puede adquirir por su cuenta un seguro para el cuidado de la salud. </p> <p> Las personas que cumplen con ciertos requisitos pueden tener derecho a un seguro gubernamental para el cuidado de la salud, tales como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicare.html">Medicare</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/medicaid.html">Medicaid</a>. La Ley del Cuidado de Salud a Bajo Precio amplia la cobertura para muchas personas en los Estados Unidos. </p> Sistemas de salud Health Insurance Asistencia económica Medicaid Medicare Planes de administración de seguros de salud Aseguranza Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Niños/as Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Spanish/Español Especialistas Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Comisión Federal de Comercio Información de referencia Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Trabajo PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Mujeres Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>Seizures are symptoms of a brain problem. They happen because of sudden, abnormal electrical activity in the brain. When people think of seizures, they often think of convulsions in which a person's body shakes rapidly and uncontrollably. Not all seizures cause convulsions. There are many types of seizures and some have mild symptoms. Seizures fall into two main groups. Focal seizures, also called partial seizures, happen in just one part of the brain. Generalized seizures are a result of abnormal activity on both sides of the brain. </p> <p>Most seizures last from 30 seconds to 2 minutes and do not cause lasting harm. However, it is a medical emergency if seizures last longer than 5 minutes or if a person has many seizures and does not wake up between them. Seizures can have many causes, including medicines, high fevers, head injuries and certain diseases. People who have recurring seizures due to a brain disorder have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/epilepsy.html">epilepsy</a>. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Convulsiones Seizures Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Epilepsy Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Epilepsy Society Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Children National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Children National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Self-injury <h3>What is self-harm?</h3> <p>Self-harm, or self-injury, is when a person hurts his or her own body on purpose. The injuries may be minor, but sometimes they can be severe. They may leave permanent scars or cause serious health problems. Some examples are:</p><ul> <li>Cutting yourself (such as using a razor blade, knife, or other sharp object to cut your skin)</li> <li>Punching yourself or punching things (like a wall)</li> <li>Burning yourself with cigarettes, matches, or candles</li> <li>Pulling out your hair</li> <li>Poking objects through body openings</li> <li>Breaking your bones or bruising yourself</li> </ul> <p>Self-harm is not a mental disorder. It is a behavior - an unhealthy way to cope with strong feelings. However, some of the people who harm themselves do have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental disorder</a>.</p> <p>People who harm themselves are usually not trying to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html">attempt suicide</a>. But they are at higher risk of attempting suicide if they do not get help.</p> <h3>Why do people harm themselves?</h3> <p>There are different reasons why people harm themselves. Often, they have trouble coping and dealing with their feelings. They harm themselves to try to:</p><ul> <li>Make themselves feel something (because they feel empty or numb inside)</li> <li>Block upsetting memories</li> <li>Show that they need help</li> <li>Release strong feelings that overwhelm them, such as anger, loneliness, or hopelessness</li> <li>Punish themselves</li> <li>Feel a sense of control</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for self-harm?</h3> <p>There are people of all ages who harm themselves, but it usually starts in the teen or early adult years. Self-harm is more common in people who:</p><ul> <li>Were <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html">abused</a> or went through a trauma as children</li> <li>Have mental disorders, such as <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html">Eating disorders</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">Post-traumatic stress disorder</a></li> <li>Certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/personalitydisorders.html">personality disorders</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Misuse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">drugs</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">alcohol</a></li> <li>Have friends who self-harm</li> <li>Have low self-esteem</li> </ul> <h3>What are the signs of self-harm?</h3> <p>Signs that someone may be hurting themselves include:</p><ul> <li>Having frequent cuts, bruises, or scars</li> <li>Wearing long sleeves or pants even in hot weather</li> <li>Making excuses about injuries</li> <li>Having sharp objects around for no clear reason</li> </ul> <h3>How can I help someone who self-harms?</h3> <p>If someone you know is self-harming, it is important not to be judgmental. Let that person know that you want to help. If the person is a child or teenager, ask him or her to talk to a trusted adult. If he or she won't do that, talk to a trusted adult yourself. If the person who is self-harming is an adult, suggest mental health counseling.</p> <h3>What the treatments are for self-harm?</h3> <p>There are no medicines to treat self-harming behaviors. But there are medicines to treat any mental disorders that the person may have, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a> and depression. Treating the mental disorder may weaken the urge to self-harm.</p> <p>Mental health counseling or therapy can also help by teaching the person:</p><ul> <li>Problem-solving skills</li> <li>New ways to cope with strong emotions</li> <li>Better relationship skills</li> <li>Ways to strengthen self-esteem</li> </ul> <p>If the problem is severe, the person may need more intensive treatment in a psychiatric hospital or a mental health day program.</p> Mental Health and Behavior Autolesión Self-Injurious Behavior Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Child Behavior Disorders Mental Disorders Suicide Teen Mental Health Cutting Hair Pulling Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert American Psychological Association Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here NAMI Start Here National Center for PTSD Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Video Intolerancia al gluten <p>El gluten es una proteína que se encuentra en el trigo, el centeno y la cebada. Se encuentra principalmente en los alimentos, pero también puede encontrarse en otros productos como medicamentos, vitaminas y suplementos. Las personas con sensibilidad al gluten tienen problemas con esta proteína. En ocasiones, la sensibilidad al gluten puede llamarse sensibilidad al gluten no celíaca o intolerancia al gluten.</p> <p>La sensibilidad al gluten es diferente a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html">enfermedad celíaca</a>. Ambas implican problemas con el gluten. También pueden causar algunos de los mismos síntomas, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/abdominalpain.html">dolor abdominal</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">fatiga</a>. Pero la enfermedad celíaca daña el intestino delgado. La sensibilidad al gluten no.</p> <p>La alergia al trigo, un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodallergy.html">alergia alimentaria</a>, también es diferente de la sensibilidad al gluten y de la enfermedad celíaca. La alergia al trigo puede causar algunos síntomas diferentes, como picazón en los ojos o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">problemas para respirar</a>. La alergia al trigo no daña el intestino delgado.</p> <p>Además del dolor abdominal y la fatiga, la sensibilidad al gluten puede causar síntomas digestivos. Pueden incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gas.html">gases</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">estreñimiento</a>. También puede tener otros síntomas como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">dolor de cabeza</a>, dolor en las articulaciones y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">sarpullido</a>.</p> <p>Los investigadores todavía están conociendo más sobre la sensibilidad al gluten. Si su profesional de la salud piensa que lo tiene, le puede sugerir que deje de comer gluten para ver si sus síntomas mejoran. Sin embargo, primero debe hacerse una prueba para asegurarse de que no tiene enfermedad celíaca. Esto se puede hacer con un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-enfermedad-celiaca/">análisis de sangre</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsias</a> del intestino delgado.</p> <p>Los síntomas de la sensibilidad al gluten suelen mejorar con una dieta sin gluten. Pero es importante asegurarse de seguir recibiendo suficientes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">minerales</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietaryfiber.html">fibra</a>. Su profesional de la salud o nutricionista puede ayudarle a planificar su dieta.</p> <p class="">Oficina de Salud de la Mujer del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos</p> Sistema digestivo Gluten Sensitivity Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedad celíaca Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Grupo de Intolerancia al Gluten PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Grupo de Intolerancia al Gluten PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Grupo de Intolerancia al Gluten PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos <h3>What is sepsis?</h3> <p>Sepsis is your body's overactive and extreme response to an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousdiseases.html">infection</a>. Sepsis is a life-threatening medical emergency. Without quick treatment, it can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and even death.</p> <h3>What causes sepsis?</h3> <p>Sepsis happens when an infection you already have triggers a chain reaction throughout your body. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">Bacterial infections</a> are the most common cause, but other types of infections can also cause it.</p> <p>The infections are often in the lungs, stomach, kidneys, or bladder. It's possible for sepsis to begin with a small cut that gets infected or with an infection that develops after surgery. Sometimes, sepsis can occur in people who didn't even know that they had an infection.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop sepsis?</h3> <p>Anyone with an infection could get sepsis. But certain people are more likely to develop it:</p><ul> <li>Adults 65 or older</li> <li>People with chronic (long-lasting) conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">lung disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancer</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney disease</a></li> <li>People with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">weakened immune systems</a></li> <li>Pregnant women</li> <li>Children younger than one</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of sepsis?</h3> <p>Sepsis can cause one or more of these symptoms:</p><ul> <li>Rapid breathing and heart rate</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Shortness of breath</a></li> <li>Confusion or disorientation</li> <li>Extreme pain or discomfort</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a>, shivering, or feeling very cold</li> <li>Clammy or sweaty skin</li> </ul> <p>It's important to get medical care <strong>right away</strong> if you think you might have sepsis or if your infection is not getting better or is getting worse.</p> <h3>What other problems can sepsis cause?</h3> <p>Severe cases of sepsis can lead to septic shock, where your blood pressure drops to a dangerous level and multiple organs can fail.</p> <h3>How is sepsis diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have sepsis, your health care provider:</p><ul> <li>Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms </li> <li>Will do a physical exam, which includes checking <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitalsigns.html">vital signs</a> (your temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing)</li> <li>Will likely order lab tests that check for signs of infection or organ damage</li> <li>May order <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a> such as an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a> or a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a> to find the location of the infection</li> </ul> <p>Many of the signs and symptoms of sepsis can also be caused by other medical conditions. This may make sepsis hard to diagnose in its early stages.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for sepsis?</h3> <p>It is very important to get treatment right away. Treatment usually includes:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">Antibiotics</a>.</li> <li>Maintaining blood flow to organs. This may involve getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oxygentherapy.html">oxygen</a> and intravenous (IV) fluids.</li> <li>Treating the source of the infection.</li> <li>If needed, medicines to increase blood pressure.</li> </ul> <p>In serious cases, you might need kidney dialysis or a breathing tube. Some people need surgery to remove tissue damaged by the infection.</p> <h3>Can sepsis be prevented?</h3> <p>To prevent sepsis, you should try to prevent getting an infection:</p><ul> <li>Take good care of any chronic health conditions that you have</li> <li>Get recommended <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">vaccines</a></li> <li>Practice <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">good hygiene</a>, such as handwashing</li> <li>Keep cuts clean and covered until healed</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of General Medical SciencesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Sepsis Sepsis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Bacterial Infections Bacteremia Blood Poisoning Septic Shock Septicemia Toxic Shock Syndrome Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH <h3>¿Qué es la sepsis?</h3> <p>La sepsis es la respuesta abrumadora y extrema de su cuerpo a una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html">infección</a>. La sepsis es una emergencia médica que puede ser mortal. Sin un tratamiento rápido, puede provocar daños en los tejidos, falla orgánica e incluso la muerte.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la sepsis?</h3> <p>La sepsis ocurre cuando una infección desencadena una reacción en cadena en todo el cuerpo. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">infecciones bacterianas</a> son la causa más común, pero otros tipos de infecciones también pueden provocarla.</p> <p>Las infecciones a menudo ocurren en los pulmones, el estómago, los riñones o la vejiga. Es posible que la sepsis comience con un pequeño corte que se infecta o con una infección que se desarrolla después de una operación. A veces, la sepsis puede ocurrir en personas que ni siquiera sabían que tenían una infección.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener sepsis?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona que tiene una infección puede contraer sepsis. Pero ciertas personas tienen más probabilidades de tenerla:</p> <ul> <li>Adultos mayores de 65 años</li> <li>Personas con afecciones crónicas, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">enfermedad pulmonar</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">enfermedad renal</a></li> <li> Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados</li> <li>Mujeres embarazadas</li> <li>Niños menores de un año </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la sepsis?</h3> <p>La sepsis puede causar uno o más de estos síntomas:</p> <ul> <li> Respiración y frecuencia cardíaca rápida</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Dificultad para respirar</a></li> <li>Confusión o desorientación</li> <li>Dolor o molestia extrema</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a>, escalofríos o sensación de mucho frío</li> <li>Piel húmeda o sudorosa</li> </ul> <p>Es importante obtener atención médica <strong>de inmediato</strong> si cree que puede tener sepsis o si su infección no mejora o empeora.</p><p></p> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas puede causar la sepsis?</h3> <p>Los casos graves de sepsis pueden provocar shock séptico, en el cual la presión arterial cae a un nivel peligroso y pueden fallar varios órganos.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la sepsis?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene sepsis, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Analizará su historia clínica, lo que incluye preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Hará un examen físico, incluyendo medir sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitalsigns.html">signos vitales</a> (temperatura, presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca y respiración)</li> <li>Es probable que solicite pruebas de laboratorio para detectar signos de infección o daño a órganos</li> <li>Puede solicitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de imagen</a> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografía</a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a> para encontrar la ubicación de la infección</li> </ul> <p>Muchos de los signos y síntomas de la sepsis también pueden ser causados por otras afecciones médicas. Esto puede hacer que sea difícil de diagnosticar en sus primeras etapas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la sepsis?</h3> <p>Es muy importante recibir tratamiento de inmediato. En general, el tratamiento incluye:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">Antibióticos</a></li> <li>Mantener el flujo sanguíneo a los órganos, lo que puede significar asistencia con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">oxígeno</a> y líquidos por vía intravenosa</li> <li> Tratar la causa de la infección</li> <li>Si es necesario, medicamentos para subir la presión arterial</li> </ul> <p>En casos graves, es posible que necesite diálisis renal o un tubo de respiración. Algunas personas necesitan cirugía para eliminar el tejido dañado por la infección.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la sepsis?</h3> <p>Para prevenir la sepsis, debe tratar de evitar una infección:</p> <ul> <li> Cuide bien cualquier afección de salud crónica que tenga</li> <li> Obtenga las vacunas que se recomiendan</li> <li>Practique una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">buena higiene</a>, como lavarse las manos</li> <li> Mantenga las heridas limpias y cubiertas hasta que sanen</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Sepsis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones bacterianas Septicemia Shock tóxico Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud Spanish/Español NIH Atención médica en el hogar <p>La atención médica a domicilio es el cuidado que permite a una persona con necesidades especiales permanecer en su casa. Puede ser para quienes están envejeciendo (o envejecen en el hogar). También puede servir para enfermos crónicos, pacientes que se recuperan de cirugías o personas que tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html">discapacidades</a>. Los servicios de atención médica a domicilio incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Cuidados personales: Consiste en entregar ayuda al bañarse, el lavado del cabello o vestirse </li> <li> Tareas del hogar: Asistencia con la limpieza, labores en el jardín y lavado de la ropa </li> <li> Cocinar para usted o entregar comidas </li> <li>Administración del dinero: Ayudar a llenar formularios o formas y asegurarse de pagar las cuentas a tiempo</li> <li> Atención de salud: Una persona puede ir a su casa para cuidar de su salud en su hogar u obtener atención de su proveedor de atención médica a través de la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/telehealth.html">telesalud</a></li> </ul> <p>Es posible recibir casi cualquier tipo de ayuda en su casa. Muchos son servicios pagados, pero algunos tipos de atención y de servicios comunitarios son gratuitos o donados. En ocasiones, los programas del Gobierno o del seguro de salud le ayudarán a cubrir el costo de algunos servicios de atención médica a domicilio.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento </p> Personas mayores Sistemas de salud Home Care Services Proveedor de atención al paciente Residencias con atención personalizada Telesalud Atención médica a domicilio, Servicio de Más información Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Más información Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>Si está muy enfermo o gravemente herido y necesita ayuda inmediata, debe utilizar los servicios médicos de urgencia. Estos servicios emplean a personas especialmente capacitadas y centros especialmente equipados. </p> <p>Tal vez se requiera atenderlo en la sala de urgencias del hospital. Los médicos y las enfermeras que se encuentran ahí tratan las urgencias médicas, como los infartos y lesiones. En algunas urgencias, la ayuda es necesaria en el lugar donde se encuentra el paciente. Los técnicos médicos de urgencias, o EMT, por sus siglas en inglés, realizan trabajos de rescate específicos. Responden a llamadas de emergencia, conducen ambulancias y brindan atención médica básica. Algunos EMT son paramédicos - están capacitados para realizar procedimientos médicos en el lugar de los hechos. Por lo general, llevan a los pacientes hasta la sala de urgencias para que reciban más atención. </p> <p>Si usted o alguien que conoce necesitan atención de urgencia, diríjase a la sala de urgencias de su hospital. Si cree que el problema pone en peligro la vida de la persona, llame al 911.</p> Sistemas de salud Emergency Medical Services Primeros auxilios Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Rape <h3>What is sexual assault?</h3> <p>Sexual assault is any kind of sexual activity, contact, or experience that happens <strong>without</strong> your consent. That means the sexual activity happens even though you don't agree to it.</p> <p>Sexual assault may happen with:</p> <ul> <li>Physical force or threats of force</li> <li>Sexual coercion (being pressured, tricked, threatened, or forced in a nonphysical way)</li> <li>Alcohol or drugs, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/clubdrugs.html">date rape drugs</a></li> </ul> <p>Sexual assault may also be called sexual violence or sexual abuse. It affects millions of people each year. Anyone can be a victim of sexual assault. Many victims first experience <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html">sexual assault during childhood</a>. Most victims are girls and women. But many boys and men are also victims of sexual assault.</p> <p>If you've been sexually assaulted, it's never your fault. It's something that happens to you.</p> <h3>What does sexual assault include?</h3> <p>Sexual assault is any <strong>unwanted</strong> sexual activity, including:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Sexual activity with physical contact</strong>, which is everything from sexual touching or kissing to rape or attempted rape</li> <li><strong>Sexual activity without physical contact</strong>, which includes things that may happen in person, online, or through texts, such as: <ul> <li>"Flashing" or exhibitionism (when someone shows you their genitals without asking you for permission)</li> <li>Being forced to look at sexual images or pose for sexual photos</li> <li>Being sent unwanted texts with sexual photos or messages</li> <li>Voyeurism (when someone watches private sexual acts without permission)</li> <li>Getting sexual threats or being sexually harassed (unwelcome sexual comments, requests for sexual favors, or other sexual behavior that's ongoing)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Any sexual activity that happens without your consent is sexual assault.</p> <h3>What does "consent" mean?</h3> <p>Giving your consent means that you clearly and freely say "yes" to sexual activity. Your consent means that you:</p> <ul> <li>Know and understand what's going on.</li> <li>Can say what you want to do and don't want to do.</li> <li>Are not underage.</li> <li>Are not being pressured or tricked to do things you don't want to do.</li> </ul> <p>Giving consent is <strong>not</strong>:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Silence.</strong> Not saying "no" doesn't mean you're saying "yes."</li> <li><strong>Having consented in the past.</strong> Having said "yes" to sex with someone in the past doesn't mean that you've agreed to all sexual activity in the future. That's true when you're dating or in a lasting relationship.</li> <li><strong>Being passive</strong> and not fighting off an attacker.</li> </ul> <p>You cannot give consent if you are:</p> <ul> <li>Drugged, drunk, passed out, or asleep.</li> <li>Mentally unable to consent due to illness or disability.</li> <li>Underage (States have different laws about how old you must be to give legal consent to sexual activity.).</li> <li>Sexually coerced. This means that someone is pressuring you to participate in sexual activity. Agreeing to sex under pressure is <strong>not</strong> giving consent. The pressure may include: <ul> <li>Abusing power over you, for example, a boss threatening your job.</li> <li>Making threats to harm people you care about.</li> <li>Making false promises to reward you for sex.</li> <li>Threatening to end a relationship or spread rumors about you.</li> <li>Wearing you down by constantly asking for sex or making you feel guilty or obligated.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>Who commits sexual assault?</h3> <p>Both men and women commit sexual assault. A person who commits sexual assault may be a stranger, but more often it's someone you know, for example:</p> <ul> <li>A friend or acquaintance</li> <li>Someone you work with</li> <li>A neighbor</li> <li>A family member</li> <li>A current or past romantic partner, including a spouse</li> </ul> <h3>What are the possible health effects from sexual assault?</h3> <p>Sexual assault may have many health effects. Many of them can affect your lifelong health and well-being. The effects may include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Physical effects</strong> such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html">Bruises</a> or genital injuries</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">Sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs)</li> <li>Pregnancy</li> <li>Ongoing problems with: <ul> <li>Female reproductive health</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/digestivediseases.html">Digestive disorders</a></li> <li>Your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualhealth.html">Sexual health</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Psychological effects</strong> such as: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a></li> <li>Thoughts about <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html">suicide</a></li> <li><a href="posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" tid="367">Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Sexual assault victims are more likely to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">smoke</a>, have an <a href="alcoholusedisorderaud.html" tid="120">alcohol use disorder (AUD)</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">use illegal drugs</a>, and have risky sexual behavior. Girls who experience sexual violence are more likely to become victims of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intimatepartnerviolence.html">intimate partner violence</a> in adulthood.</p> <h3>What can I do if I'm a victim of sexual assault?</h3> <p><strong>If you are in danger or need medical care, call 911.</strong> If you can, get away from the person who assaulted you and get to a safe place as fast as you can.</p> <p>You can call the National Sexual Assault Hotline at 800-656-HOPE (4673) to connect with a sexual assault service provider in your area who can direct you to local resources.</p> <p>Getting support after a sexual assault may help you cope better and reduce the long-term effects. Victim services like rape crisis centers may provide a safe, healing place where you can find support.</p> <p>Studies show that treatments such as Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) can help victims cope with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.</p> <h3>Can sexual assault be prevented?</h3> <p>Sexual assault is never the victim's fault. No one who has been assaulted should be blamed for something that they did or did not do.</p> <p>You can take some steps to try to be safer around others:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Go to parties with friends.</strong> Look out for each other. If a friend seems drunk or drugged, get them to a safe place. Have a plan for how you'll get home, too.</li> <li><strong>Keep control of your drink.</strong> Someone could add alcohol or put a drug in it without you knowing.</li> <li><strong>Meet people for the first time in a public place.</strong></li> <li><strong>Listen to your "gut feelings."</strong> If you feel uncomfortable around someone, leave.</li> <li><strong>Pay attention to your surroundings.</strong> When walking alone, stay in busy well-lit areas. And don't wear headphones; you want to be able to hear what's happening around you.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention</p> Women Injuries and Wounds Social/Family Issues Agresión sexual Sex Offenses Spanish Child Sexual Abuse Intimate Partner Violence Rape Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Center for PTSD Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Find an Expert Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs PDF Find an Expert National Center for PTSD Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Center for PTSD Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Men National Center for PTSD Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>Sexuality is a big part of being human. Love, affection and sexual intimacy all play a role in healthy relationships. They also contribute to your sense of well-being. A number of disorders can affect the ability to have or enjoy sex in both <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinmen.html">men</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualproblemsinwomen.html">women</a>. </p> <p>Factors that can affect sexual health include:</p><ul> <li>Fear of unplanned pregnancy</li> <li>Concerns about <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infertility.html">infertility</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">Sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs)</li> <li>Chronic diseases such as cancer or heart disease</li> <li>Medicines that affect sexual desire or performance</li> </ul> Women Men Wellness and Lifestyle Sexual Health Issues Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Salud sexual Sexual Health Spanish Erectile Dysfunction Infertility Penis Disorders Reproductive Hazards Sexual Problems in Men Sexual Problems in Women Sexually Transmitted Infections Teen Sexual Health Sex Find an Expert American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Men National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Children American Academy of Pediatrics Journal Articles Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Men National Library of Medicine NIH Women National Library of Medicine NIH Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Many men have sexual problems. They become more common as men age. Problems can include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/erectiledysfunction.html">Erectile dysfunction</a></li> <li>Reduced or lost interest in sex</li> <li>Problems with ejaculation</li> <li>Low testosterone</li> </ul> <p>Stress, illness, medicines, or emotional problems may also be factors. Occasional problems with sexual function are common. If problems last more than a few months or cause distress for you or your partner, you should see your health care provider.</p> Men Sexual Health Issues Male Reproductive System Problemas sexuales en los hombres Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Spanish Erectile Dysfunction Penis Disorders Prostate Diseases Testicular Disorders Premature Ejaculation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Endocrine Society Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Institute on Aging NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <p>There are many problems that can keep a woman from enjoying sex. They include:</p><ul> <li>Lack of sexual desire </li> <li>Inability to become aroused</li> <li>Lack of orgasm, or sexual climax</li> <li>Painful intercourse</li> </ul> <p>These problems may have physical or psychological causes. Physical causes may include conditions like diabetes, heart disease, nerve disorders, or hormone problems. Some drugs can also affect desire and function. Psychological causes may include work-related stress and anxiety. They may also include depression or concerns about marriage or relationship problems. For some women, the problem results from past sexual trauma. </p> <p>Occasional problems with sexual function are common. If problems last more than a few months or cause distress for you or your partner, you should see your health care provider. </p> Women Sexual Health Issues Female Reproductive System Problemas sexuales en las mujeres Vaginismus Dyspareunia Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological Spanish Vaginal Diseases Vulvar Disorders Dyspareunia Female Circumcision Female Sexual Dysfunction Vaginismus Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Cancer Society Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Journal Articles Living With National Vulvodynia Association Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists STDs STIs Sexually transmitted diseases Venereal disease <h3>What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?</h3> <p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact. They are usually spread during vaginal, oral, or anal sex. But sometimes they can spread through other sexual contact involving the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus. This is because some STIs, like herpes and HPV, are spread by skin-to-skin contact.</p> <p>Some STIs can be passed from a pregnant person to the baby, either <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">during pregnancy</a> or when giving birth. Other ways that some STIs may be spread include during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html">breastfeeding</a>, through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">blood transfusions</a>, or by sharing needles.</p> <p>There are more than 20 types of STIs, including:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html">Chlamydia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html">Genital herpes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gonorrhea.html">Gonorrhea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html">HPV</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pubiclice.html">Pubic lice</a> </li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/syphilis.html">Syphilis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/trichomoniasis.html">Trichomoniasis</a></li> </ul> <h3>What causes sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?</h3> <p>STIs can be caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viruses</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html">parasites</a>.</p> <h3>Who is affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?</h3> <p>Most STIs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health problems they cause can be more severe for women. If an STI is passed to a baby, it can cause serious health problems.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?</h3> <p>STIs don't always cause symptoms or may only cause mild symptoms. So it is possible to have an infection and not know it. And even without symptoms, STIs can still be harmful and may be passed on during sex.</p> <p>If there are symptoms, they could include:</p> <ul> <li>Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina</li> <li>Sores or warts on the genital area</li> <li>Painful or frequent urination (peeing)</li> <li>Itching and redness in the genital area</li> <li>Blisters or sores in or around the mouth</li> <li>Abnormal vaginal odor</li> <li>Anal itching, soreness, or bleeding</li> <li><a href="abdominalpain.html" tid="3061">Abdominal (belly) pain</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> </ul> <h3>How are sexually transmitted infections (STIs) diagnosed?</h3> <p>If you are sexually active, you should talk to your health care provider about your risk for STIs and whether you need to be tested. This is especially important since many STIs do not usually cause symptoms.</p> <p>Some STIs may be diagnosed during a physical exam or through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/std-tests/">STI testing</a>. Some tests involve a microscopic examination of a sore or fluid swabbed from the vagina, penis, or anus. Blood tests can diagnose other types of STIs.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?</h3> <p>Antibiotics can treat STIs that are caused by bacteria or parasites. There is no cure for STIs caused by viruses, but antiviral medicines can often help with the symptoms and lower your risk of spreading the infection.</p> <p>It's important to get treatment if you have an STI. Some types of STIs can cause serious health problems if they are not treated.</p> <h3>Can sexually transmitted infections (STIs) be prevented?</h3> <p>The surest way to protect yourself against STIs is to not have sex.</p> <p>If you do decide to have sex, you can lower your risk of getting an STI by:</p> <ul> <li>Having you and your partner tested for STIs before having sex.</li> <li>Using a condom every time you have sex. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading STIs. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms.</li> <li>Reducing your number of sex partners. You might even consider "mutual monogamy" with just one partner. This means that you agree to be sexually active only with them, and they agree to be sexually active only with you. But first you should both get tested to make sure that you don't already have an STI.</li> <li>Getting vaccinated against HPV and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitisb.html">hepatitis B</a>.</li> </ul> Women Infections Men Sexual Health Issues Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Infecciones de transmisión sexual Sexually Transmitted Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Chlamydia Infections Genital Herpes Genital Warts Gonorrhea HIV HPV Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pubic Lice Syphilis Trichomoniasis Crab Lice STDs STIs Sexually Transmitted Diseases Venereal Disease Men Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Men Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Images VisualDX Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Symptoms Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Pediatrics Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NIH Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Herpes zoster Postherpetic neuralgia <h3>What is shingles?</h3> <p>Shingles (herpes zoster) is an infection that causes a painful rash. It is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This is the same virus that causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chickenpox.html">chickenpox</a>. After you have chickenpox, the virus stays in your body. It may not cause problems for many years. But as you get older, the virus may become active again and cause shingles. </p> <h3>Is shingles contagious?</h3> <p>Shingles is not contagious. You cannot get shingles from someone else. But you can catch chickenpox from someone with shingles if you have direct contact with fluid from their shingles rash. </p> <p>The risk of spreading the virus is low if the shingles rash is kept covered. People with shingles cannot spread the virus before their rash blisters appear or after the rash crusts.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for shingles?</h3> <p>Anyone who has had chickenpox can get shingles. But the risk of shingles goes up as you get older. Shingles is most common in people over age 50.</p> <p>People with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of getting shingles. This includes those who:</p><ul> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system diseases</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a></li> <li>Have certain cancers</li> <li>Take medicines that weaken their immune system, such as steroids and medicines you take after <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">organ transplant</a></li> </ul> <p>Your immune system may be weaker when you have an infection or are stressed. This can raise your risk of shingles.</p> <p>It is rare, but possible, to get shingles more than once.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of shingles?</h3> <p>Early signs of shingles include burning or shooting pain and tingling or itching. It is usually on one side of the body or face. The pain can be mild to severe.</p> <p>Up to several days later, you will get a rash. It consists of blisters that typically scab over in 7 to 10 days. The rash is usually a single stripe around either the left or the right side of the body. In other cases, the rash is only on one side of the face. In rare cases (usually among people with weakened immune systems), the rash may be more widespread. It might look similar to a chickenpox rash. </p> <p>Some people may also have other symptoms:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> <li>Chills</li> <li>Upset stomach</li> </ul> <h3>What other problems can shingles cause?</h3> <p>Shingles can cause other problems (complications):</p><ul> <li>Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is most common complication of shingles. It causes severe pain in the areas where you had the shingles rash. It usually gets better in a few weeks or months. But some people can have pain from PHN for many years, and it can interfere with daily life.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Vision loss</a> can happen if shingles affects your eye. It may be temporary or permanent.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">Hearing</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html">balance</a> problems are possible if you have shingles within or near your ear. You may also have weakness of the muscles on that side of your face. These problems can be temporary or permanent.</li> </ul> <p>Very rarely, shingles can also lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a>, brain inflammation (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html">encephalitis</a>), or death.</p> <h3>How is shingles diagnosed?</h3> <p>Usually your health care provider can diagnose shingles by taking your medical history and looking at your rash. In some cases, your provider may scrap off tissue from the rash or swab some fluid from the blisters and send the sample to a lab for testing.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for shingles?</h3> <p>There is no cure for shingles. Antiviral medicines may help to make the attack shorter and less severe. They may also help prevent PHN. The medicines are most effective if you can take them within 3 days after the rash appears. So if you think you might have shingles, contact your provider as soon as possible.</p> <p>Pain relievers may also help with the pain. A cool washcloth, calamine lotion, and oatmeal baths may help relieve some of the itching.</p> <h3>Can shingles be prevented?</h3> <p>There is a vaccine, called Shingrix, to help prevent shingles and its complications. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that healthy adults 50 years and older get the vaccine. Your provider might also recommend the vaccine if you are over 19 and have a weakened immune system. The vaccine is given in two doses.</p> <p>If you have shingles, you can help prevent spreading the virus to others by:</p> <ul> <li>Staying away from: <ul> <li>People with weakened immune systems</li> <li>People who have not had chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine, especially if they are pregnant</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html">Premature</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">low birth weight</a> babies</li> </ul> </li> <li>Keeping the rash covered</li> <li>Not touching or scratching the rash</li> <li>Washing your hands often</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Older Adults Infections Brain and Nerves Skin, Hair and Nails Culebrilla (herpes zóster) Neuralgia, Postherpetic Herpes Zoster Arabic Armenian Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Indonesian Italian Japanese Karen Khmer Korean Pashto Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Chickenpox Herpes Zoster Post-herpetic Neuralgia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Images Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute on Aging Video NIH Children Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images American Academy of Dermatology NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH <p>Shock happens when not enough blood and oxygen can get to your organs and tissues. It causes very low blood pressure and may be life-threatening. It often happens along with a serious injury.</p> <p> There are several kinds of shock. Hypovolemic shock happens when you lose a lot of blood or fluids. Causes include internal or external bleeding, dehydration, burns, and severe vomiting and/or diarrhea. Septic shock is caused by infections in the bloodstream. A severe allergic reaction can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html">anaphylactic shock</a>. An insect bite or sting might cause it. Cardiogenic shock happens when the heart cannot pump blood effectively. This may happen after a heart attack. Neurogenic shock is caused by damage to the nervous system.</p> <p>Symptoms of shock include:</p><ul> <li>Confusion or lack of alertness</li> <li>Loss of consciousness</li> <li>Sudden and ongoing rapid heartbeat</li> <li>Sweating</li> <li>Pale skin</li> <li>A weak pulse</li> <li>Rapid breathing</li> <li>Decreased or no urine output</li> <li>Cool hands and feet</li> </ul> <p>Shock is a life-threatening medical emergency and it is important to get help right away. Treatment of shock depends on the cause.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Shock Shock Spanish Anaphylaxis Low Blood Pressure Septic Shock Find an Expert American College of Emergency Physicians Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues National Jewish Health Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies American College of Emergency Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <p>El shock ocurre cuando no hay suficiente suministro de sangre y oxígeno a sus órganos y tejidos. Puede causar baja presión y ser un peligro para la vida. El shock suele suceder con una lesión grave. </p> <p> Existen muchos tipos de shocks: El shock hipovolémico que se da cuando la persona pierde mucha sangre o líquidos y causa sangrado interno o externo, deshidratación, quemaduras y diarrea y vómitos severos. El shock séptico que es causado por infecciones en el torrente sanguíneo. El shock anafiláctico, causado por una reacción alérgica grave y puede ser causado, por ejemplo, por una picadura de insecto en una persona que es alérgica a él. El shock cardiogénico, causado por la incapacidad del corazón de bombear sangre de manera eficiente y puede causar un ataque al corazón. El shock neurogénico que es causado por daño al sistema nervioso. </p> <p>Los síntomas incluyen :</p><ul> <li>Confusión o falta de lucidez mental </li> <li>Pérdida de la conciencia </li> <li>Latidos del corazón rápidos y de forma repentina </li> <li>Transpiración</li> <li>Palidez</li> <li>Pulso débil </li> <li>Respiración acelerada </li> <li>Reducción del flujo o detención total de orina </li> <li>Pies y manos frías </li> </ul> <p>Un shock es una emergencia médica que puede poner en peligro la vida y por ello es importante obtener ayuda médica de manera inmediata. El tratamiento del shock depende de la causa. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Shock Anafilaxia Presión arterial baja Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>Your shoulder joint is composed of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone). Your shoulders are the most movable joints in your body. They can also be unstable because the ball of the upper arm is larger than the shoulder socket that holds it. To remain in a stable or normal position, the shoulder must be anchored by muscles, tendons, and ligaments.</p> <p>Because your shoulder can be unstable, it can be easily injured. Common problems include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">Sprains and strains</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocatedshoulder.html">Dislocations</a></li> <li>Separations</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html">Tendinitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bursitis.html">Bursitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rotatorcuffinjuries.html">Torn rotator cuffs</a></li> <li>Frozen shoulder</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">Fractures</a> (broken bones)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">Arthritis</a></li> </ul> <p>Health care providers diagnose shoulder problems by using your medical history, a physical exam, and imaging tests.</p> <p>Often, the first treatment for shoulder problems is RICE. This stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Other treatments include exercise and medicines to reduce pain and swelling. If those don't work, you may need surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro Shoulder Injuries Acromioclavicular Joint Shoulder Fractures Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Arm Injuries and Disorders Brachial Plexus Injuries Dislocated Shoulder Hand Injuries and Disorders Rotator Cuff Injuries Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Clavicle Injuries Collarbone Injuries Frozen Shoulder Scapula Injuries Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues Muscular Dystrophy Association Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Living With American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American College of Rheumatology Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Hemoglobin SS disease Sickle cell anemia <h3>What is sickle cell disease (SCD)?</h3> <p>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. If you have SCD, there is a problem with your hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. With SCD, the hemoglobin forms into stiff rods within the red blood cells. This changes the shape of the red blood cells. The cells are supposed to be disc-shaped, but instead they are crescent, or sickle, shaped.</p> <p>The sickle-shaped cells are not flexible and cannot change shape easily. Many of them burst apart as they move through your blood vessels. The sickle cells usually only last 10 to 20 days, instead of the normal 90 to 120 days. Your body may have trouble making enough new cells to replace the ones that you lost. Because of this, you may not have enough red blood cells. This is a condition called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>, and it can make you feel tired.</p> <p>The sickle-shaped cells can also stick to vessel walls, causing a blockage that slows or stops the flow of blood. When this happens, oxygen can't reach nearby tissues. The lack of oxygen can cause attacks of sudden, severe pain, called pain crises. These attacks can occur without warning. If you get one, you might need to go to the hospital for treatment.</p> <h3>What causes sickle cell disease (SCD)?</h3> <p>SCD is caused by a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sickle-cell-disease/">variant (change) in a gene</a> that has instructions for your body to make one part of the hemoglobin. This changed gene is sometimes called a sickle cell gene. People with SCD are born with two sickle cell genes, one from each parent. </p> <p>If you are born with one sickle cell gene, it's called sickle cell trait. People with sickle cell trait are generally healthy, but they can pass the defective gene on to their children.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to have sickle cell disease (SCD)?</h3> <p>In the United States, most of the people with SCD are African Americans:</p><ul> <li>About 1 in 13 Black or African American babies are born with sickle cell trait</li> <li>About 1 in every 365 Black or African American babies are born with sickle cell disease</li> </ul> <p>SCD also affects some people who come from Hispanic, southern European, Middle Eastern, or Asian Indian backgrounds.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of sickle cell disease (SCD)?</h3> <p>People with SCD start to have signs of the disease during the first year of life, usually around 5 or 6 months of age. Early symptoms of SCD may include:</p><ul> <li>Painful swelling of the hands and feet</li> <li>Fatigue or fussiness from anemia</li> <li>A yellowish color of the skin (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/jaundice.html">jaundice</a>) or the whites of the eyes (icterus)</li> </ul> <p>The effects of SCD vary from person to person and can change over time. Most of the signs and symptoms of SCD are related to complications of the disease. They may include severe pain, anemia, organ damage, and infections.</p> <h3>How is sickle cell disease (SCD) diagnosed?</h3> <p>A blood test can show if you have SCD or sickle cell trait. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">Genetic tests</a> can tell if you have one or two copies of the sickle cell gene. Genetic tests can help confirm an SCD diagnosis if the results from blood tests are not clear. </p> <p>All states now test newborns for SCD (as well as many other treatable conditions) as part of their <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">screening programs</a>. These programs help find the conditions early, so treatment can be started right away.</p> <p>Health care providers can also diagnose SCD before a baby is born. That test uses a sample of amniotic fluid (the liquid in the sac surrounding the baby) or tissue taken from the placenta (the organ that brings oxygen and nutrients to the baby).</p> <p>People who are thinking about having children can have the test to find out how likely it is that their children will have SCD.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for sickle cell disease (SCD)?</h3> <p>There are many ways to manage sickle cell disease. Your medical team will probably include a hematologist, a doctor who specializes in blood diseases. You will work with your medical team to set up a treatment plan. Possible treatment options may include:</p> <ul> <li>Treatments that can help relieve symptoms and lessen complications, including: <ul> <li>Hydroxyurea, a medicine to reduce sickling of red blood cells. This can help prevent serious symptoms of sickle cell disease. This medicine can be used in adults and in children as young as 9 months old. But this medicine is <strong>not</strong> safe during pregnancy.</li> <li>Voxelotor, another medicine to prevent the sickling of red blood cells. It can be used in adults and children ages 4 years and older.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">Pain relievers</a> for acute or chronic pain.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">Antibiotics</a> to try to prevent infections in younger children.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">Blood transfusions</a> for severe anemia. If you have had some serious complications, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, you may have transfusions to prevent more complications.</li> <li>Other treatments for specific complications, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html">medicines to lower blood pressure</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a> to treat a vitamin deficiency.</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonemarrowtransplantation.html">Bone marrow</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">stem cell</a> transplantation, which can cure SCD. Because these transplants are risky and can have serious side effects, they are usually only used in children with severe SCD. For the transplant to work, the bone marrow must be a close match. Usually, the best donor is a brother or sister.</li> <li>Gene therapies to treat SCD in people who are 12 years and older and have had repeated sickle cell crises. These new therapies involve taking some of your blood stem cells and either adding new DNA to them or changing their existing DNA. Then these cells are given back to you, and they can make a type of hemoglobin that is healthy. This can reduce the complications of SCD, including the SCD crises.</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">Complementary and alternative medicine</a> (CAM) seems to help some people deal with pain caused by SCD. These types of CAM may lower your pain, especially if it is not well managed with medicines::</p> <ul> <li>Cognitive behavioral therapy (a type of counseling)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html">Acupuncture</a></li> <li>Exercise or movement programs, such as yoga</li> <li>Massage</li> <li>Meditation and mindfulness practices</li> <li>Virtual reality, a computer-generated 3D environment you can see with special goggles</li> </ul> <p>It's also important to take steps to keep yourself as healthy as possible:</p> <ul> <li>Get regular medical care</li> <li>Get your routine <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">vaccinations</a></li> <li>Live a healthy lifestyle</li> <li>Avoid situations that may set off a pain crisis</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Genetics/Birth Defects Enfermedad de células falciformes Anemia, Sickle Cell Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Hemoglobin SS Disease Sickle Cell Anemia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Society of Genetic Counselors Genetics Nemours Foundation Related Issues Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Video Journal Articles Living With Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Video Start Here National Marrow Donor Program Find an Expert Sickle Cell Disease Association of America Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Children March of Dimes Foundation Related Issues National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Human Genome Research Institute <p>Sus signos vitales muestran qué tan bien está funcionando su cuerpo. Por lo general, se miden en la consulta del médico, a menudo como parte de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html">chequeo médico</a>, o durante una visita de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/emergencymedicalservices.html">emergencia médica</a>. Estos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>La presión arterial</strong>, que mide la fuerza de la sangre contra las paredes de las arterias. La presión arterial que es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">muy alta</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html">muy baja</a> puede causar problemas. Su presión arterial tiene dos números. El primer número es la presión cuando el corazón late y bombea la sangre. El segundo es cuando el corazón está en reposo entre latidos. Una lectura de la presión arterial normal para adultos es inferior a 120/80 y superior a 90/60</li> <li><strong>La frecuencia cardiaca o pulso</strong>, que mide la velocidad con la que su corazón late. Un problema con el ritmo cardíaco puede ser una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arrhythmia.html">arritmia</a>. Su ritmo cardíaco normal depende de factores tales como su edad, cantidad de ejercicio, si usted está sentado o de pie, los medicamentos que toma y su peso</li> <li><strong>La frecuencia respiratoria</strong>, que mide su respiración. Cambios respiratorios leves pueden ser por causas tales como tener la nariz tapada o hacer ejercicio intenso. Pero una respiración lenta o rápida también puede ser un signo de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">problemas respiratorios</a> graves</li> <li><strong>La temperatura</strong>, que mide qué tan caliente está su cuerpo. Una temperatura corporal que es más alta de lo normal (más de 98,6 ºF o 37 ºC) se llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a> </li> </ul> Pruebas de diagnóstico Bienestar y estilo de vida Vital Signs Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Sinusitis means your sinuses are inflamed. The cause can be an infection or another problem. Your sinuses are hollow air spaces within the bones surrounding the nose. They produce mucus, which drains into the nose. If your nose is swollen, this can block the sinuses and cause pain.</p> <p>There are several types of sinusitis, including:</p><ul> <li>Acute, which lasts up to 4 weeks</li> <li>Subacute, which lasts 4 to 12 weeks</li> <li>Chronic, which lasts more than 12 weeks and can continue for months or even years</li> <li>Recurrent, with several attacks within a year</li> </ul> <p>Acute sinusitis often starts as a cold, which then turns into a bacterial infection. Allergies, nasal problems, and certain diseases can also cause acute and chronic sinusitis.</p> <p>Symptoms of sinusitis can include fever, weakness, fatigue, cough, and congestion. There may also be mucus drainage in the back of the throat, called postnasal drip. Your health care professional diagnoses sinusitis based on your symptoms and an examination of your nose and face. You may also need imaging tests. Treatments include antibiotics, decongestants, and pain relievers. Using heat pads on the inflamed area, saline nasal sprays, and vaporizers can also help.</p> Older Adults Infections Lungs and Breathing Ear, Nose and Throat Sinusitis Sinusitis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Allergy Common Cold Headache Sinus Infection Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Find an Expert American Rhinologic Society Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology PDF Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Children American Academy of Pediatrics Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Specifics American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies National Jewish Health Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Children American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Related Issues American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF In English and Spanish Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Infección de los senos paranasales <p>Sinusitis consiste en la inflamación de los senos paranasales. Esto puede ser por una infección u otro problema. Los senos paranasales son espacios huecos donde pasa el aire por el interior de los huesos que rodean la nariz. Producen secreción mucosa que drena hacia la nariz. Si la nariz está inflamada, puede bloquear los senos paranasales y causar dolor. </p> <p>Hay varios tipos de sinusitis, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Aguda, que dura hasta cuatro semanas</li> <li>Subaguda, que dura de cuatro a 12 semanas</li> <li>Crónica, que dura más de 12 semanas y puede continuar durante meses o incluso años</li> <li>Recurrente, con varios ataques dentro de un año</li> </ul> <p>La sinusitis aguda suele comenzar como un resfriado, que luego se convierte en una infección bacteriana. Alergias, problemas nasales y ciertas enfermedades también pueden causar sinusitis aguda y crónica. </p> <p>Los síntomas de la sinusitis pueden incluir fiebre, debilidad, fatiga, tos y congestión. También puede haber drenaje de mucosidad en la parte posterior de la garganta, llamada goteo retronasal. Los médicos diagnostican sinusitis según sus síntomas y el examen de la nariz y la cara. Usted también puede necesitar pruebas de imagen. Los tratamientos incluyen antibióticos, descongestionantes y analgésicos. El uso de almohadillas de calor en la zona inflamada, aerosoles nasales salinos y vaporizadores también puede ayudar.</p> Personas mayores Infecciones Pulmón y vías respiratorias Oído, nariz y garganta Sinusitis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Alergia Dolor de cabeza Resfrío Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Organización Nacional Judía de la Salud <p>La siringomielia es un trastorno raro que causa la formación de un quiste en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcorddiseases.html">médula espinal</a>. Con el transcurso del tiempo, el quiste, llamado syrinx, se hace más grande y largo y destruye parte de la médula espinal. Las lesiones en la médula espinal por el quiste puede causar éstos síntomas:</p> <ul> <li> Dolor y debilidad en la espalda, los hombros, los brazos o las piernas </li> <li>Dolores de cabeza </li> <li> Incapacidad para sentir frío o calor </li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas varían según el tamaño y la ubicación del quiste. Suelen comenzar en la edad adulta. </p> <p>Por lo general, la siringomielia resulta de una anomalía en el cráneo denominada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chiarimalformation.html">malformación de Chiari</a>. Un tumor, una meningitis o un traumatismo físico también pueden ocasionarla. El principal tratamiento para este trastorno es la cirugía. Algunas personas también necesitan un drenaje del quiste. Medicinas pueden ayudar a reducir el dolor. En algunos casos no se presentan síntomas, por lo que no es necesario tratarla.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Syringomyelia Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Enfermedades del sistema inmunológico Enfermedades inmunológicas <h3>¿Qué es el sistema inmunitario?</h3> <p>Su sistema inmunitario es una compleja red de células, tejidos y órganos. Juntos ayudan a su cuerpo a combatir infecciones y otras enfermedades.</p> <p>Cuando los gérmenes como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">bacterias</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virus</a> invaden su cuerpo, atacan y se multiplican. Esto se conoce como infección. La infección causa la enfermedad que lo afecta. Su sistema inmunitario lo protege de la enfermedad combatiendo los gérmenes.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son las partes del sistema inmunitario?</h3> <p>El sistema inmunitario tiene muchas partes diferentes, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Su piel: Puede ayudar a evitar que los gérmenes ingresen al cuerpo</li> <li>Membranas mucosas: Son los revestimientos internos húmedos de algunos órganos y cavidades corporales. Producen mucosidad y otras sustancias que pueden atrapar y combatir los gérmenes</li> <li>Glóbulos blancos: Luchan contra los gérmenes</li> <li>Órganos y tejidos del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymphaticdiseases.html">sistema linfático</a>: Incluyen el timo, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spleendiseases.html">bazo</a>, las amígdalas, los ganglios linfáticos, los vasos linfáticos y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html">médula ósea</a>. Producen, almacenan y transportan glóbulos blancos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo funciona el sistema inmunitario?</h3> <p>Su sistema inmunitario defiende su cuerpo contra sustancias que considera dañinas o extrañas. Estas sustancias se llaman antígenos. Pueden ser gérmenes como bacterias y virus; o sustancias químicas o toxinas. También pueden ser células dañadas por el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">quemaduras solares</a>.</p> <p>Cuando su sistema inmunitario reconoce un antígeno, lo ataca. A esto se le llama respuesta inmune. Parte de esta respuesta es producir anticuerpos. Los anticuerpos son proteínas que actúan para atacar, debilitar y destruir antígenos. Su cuerpo también produce otras células para combatir el antígeno.</p> <p>Luego, su sistema inmunitario recuerda el antígeno. Si vuelve a reconocerlo, puede identificarlo y enviar rápidamente los anticuerpos correctos. Gracias a esto, en la mayoría de los casos usted no se enferma. A esta protección contra una determinada enfermedad se conoce como inmunidad.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de inmunidad?</h3> <p>Hay tres tipos diferentes de inmunidad:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Inmunidad innata</strong>: Es la protección con la que nace. Es la primera línea de defensa de su cuerpo. Incluye barreras como la piel y las membranas mucosas. Evitan que sustancias nocivas entren al cuerpo. También incluye algunas células y sustancias químicas que pueden atacar sustancias extrañas</li> <li><strong>Inmunidad activa</strong>: También llamada inmunidad adaptativa, se desarrolla cuando se infecta o se <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html">vacuna</a> contra una sustancia extraña. La inmunidad activa suele ser de larga duración. Para muchas enfermedades, puede durar toda la vida</li> <li> <strong>Inmunidad pasiva</strong>: Ocurre cuando recibe anticuerpos contra una enfermedad en lugar de producirlos a través de su propio sistema inmunitario. Por ejemplo, los bebés recién nacidos tienen anticuerpos de sus madres. Las personas también pueden obtener inmunidad pasiva a través de productos sanguíneos que contienen anticuerpos. Este tipo de inmunidad le brinda protección inmediata, pero solo dura unas pocas semanas o meses</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué problemas puede tener el sistema inmunitario?</h3> <p>A veces, una persona puede tener una respuesta inmune aunque no exista una amenaza real. Esto puede provocar problemas como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">alergias</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">asma</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">enfermedades autoinmunes</a>. Si tiene una enfermedad autoinmune, su sistema inmunitario ataca por error a las células sanas de su cuerpo.</p> <p>Otros problemas del sistema inmunitario ocurren cuando no funciona bien. Estos problemas incluyen enfermedades por inmunodeficiencia. Si tiene una enfermedad de inmunodeficiencia, se enferma con más frecuencia. Sus infecciones pueden durar más y pueden ser más graves y más difíciles de tratar. A menudo son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">trastornos genéticos</a>.</p> <p>Existen otras enfermedades que pueden afectar su sistema inmunitario. Por ejemplo, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> es un virus que daña su sistema inmunitario al destruir sus glóbulos blancos. Si el VIH no se trata, puede causar sida (síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida). Las personas con sida tienen gravemente dañado su sistema inmunitario y sufren muchas enfermedades serias. </p> Sistema inmunitario Immune System and Disorders Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Enfermedades autoinmunes Vacunación Inmunitario, Enfermedades del sistema Inmunológico, Enfermedades del sistema Sistema inmune, Enfermedades de Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Información de referencia Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría <h3>What is Sjogren's syndrome? </h3> <p>Sjogren's syndrome, also called Sjogren's disease, is a chronic (long-lasting) <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune disease</a>. When you have an autoimmune disease, your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> attacks healthy tissues and organs by mistake. In Sjogren's syndrome, your immune system attacks the glands that make moisture in the eyes, mouth, and other parts of the body. This causes a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drymouth.html">dry mouth</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tears.html">dry eyes</a>. You may have dryness in other places that need moisture, such as your nose, throat, and skin. Sjogren's can also affect other parts of the body, including your joints, lungs, kidneys, blood vessels, digestive organs, and nerves.</p> <h3>What causes Sjogren's syndrome?</h3> <p>Normally, your immune system protects the body from infection and disease. But with Sjogren's syndrome and other autoimmune diseases, your immune system attacks healthy tissues and organs. Researchers don't know for sure what causes the immune system to do this. But they think that it is caused by a combination of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sjogren-syndrome/">genetic</a> and environmental factors. Studies have linked Sjogren's syndrome to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/mutationsanddisorders/genemutation/">gene changes</a> in several genes. Some researchers also think that the disease may be triggered by something in the environment. For example, they think that one possible trigger could be a previous infection with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">virus</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacteria</a>.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop Sjogren's syndrome?</h3> <p>Most people with Sjogren's syndrome are women. You can get it at any age, but it is most common in people in their 40s and 50s.</p> <p>Sjogren's syndrome is more common in people who have other autoimmune diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html">rheumatoid arthritis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lupus.html">lupus</a>. This is known as a <strong>secondary form</strong> of Sjogren's syndrome. People who don't have another autoimmune disease have a <strong>primary form</strong> of Sjogren's syndrome.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome?</h3> <p>Sjogren's syndrome may have different effects on the body. Not everyone will have the same symptoms. Some people have cycles of mild and then severe symptoms.</p> <p>The two main symptoms are:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Dry eyes.</strong> Your eyes may burn or itch or feel like they have sand in them. Sometimes your vision may be blurry, or you could be bothered by bright lights.</li> <li><strong>Dry mouth.</strong> Your tongue and your throat may feel dry. You might have trouble <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">swallowing</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">speaking</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tasteandsmelldisorders.html">tasting</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Sjogren's syndrome can also affect other parts of the body, causing symptoms such as:</p> <ul> <li>Joint and muscle pain</li> <li>Dry skin</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">Rashes</a> on the skin of hands or feet</li> <li>Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet</li> <li>Vaginal dryness</li> <li>Dry <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">cough</a> that doesn't go away</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a> that doesn't go away</li> </ul> <h3>How is Sjogren's syndrome diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no single test for Sjogren's syndrome. To find out if you have it, your provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will ask about your medical history and symptoms.</li> <li>Will do a physical exam, which includes checking for signs of dry mouth and signs of related autoimmune diseases.</li> <li>May order tests, including: <ul> <li>Eye tests to see if you produce a normal amount of tears and to find out if your eyes have been damaged by dryness.</li> <li>Salivary gland tests to measure how much saliva your mouth produces. They could include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a> and a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>.</li> <li>Blood tests.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for Sjogren's syndrome?</h3> <p>There is no cure for Sjogren's syndrome. Treatment focuses on relieving your symptoms. The treatments can be different for each person, depending on which parts of the body are affected. They may include:</p> <ul> <li>Eye drops (artificial tears) or ointments to relieve dryness in the eyes.</li> <li>Saliva substitutes.</li> <li>Prescription medicines that cause your salivary glands to make more saliva.</li> <li>A minor procedure that places small plugs the tear duct in the corners of the eyes. The plugs block your tears from draining so they stay in your eyes longer.</li> <li>Medicines to help with other symptoms caused by Sjogren's syndrome, such as medicines for pain and inflammation.</li> <li>Medicines that suppress (weaken) your immune system (for severe cases).</li> </ul> <p>You can also try to relieve some of your symptoms by sucking on sugar-free candy, drinking water often, increasing the humidity in your room, and not smoking. Because having a dry mouth can raise your risk of cavities, it's important to take good care of your teeth and see your dentist regularly.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Immune System Síndrome de Sjögren Sjogren's Syndrome Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Arthritis Dry Mouth Tears Sjogren's Disease NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Sjogren's Syndrome Foundation PDF Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Sjogren's Syndrome Foundation PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Sjogren's Syndrome Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American College of Rheumatology Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Children Sjogren's Syndrome Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Women Arthritis Foundation Related Issues Sjogren's Syndrome Foundation PDF Related Issues Sjogren's Syndrome Foundation PDF NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Sjogren's Syndrome Foundation PDF Living With Sjogren's Syndrome Foundation PDF Living With Sjogren's Syndrome Foundation PDF Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Video <p>Your skin changes as you age. You might notice wrinkles, age spots and dryness. Your skin also becomes thinner and loses fat, making it less plump and smooth. It might take longer to heal, too. </p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">Sunlight</a> is a major cause of skin aging. You can protect yourself by staying out of the sun when it is strongest, using sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding sunlamps and tanning beds. Cigarette smoking also contributes to wrinkles. The wrinkling increases with the amount of cigarettes and number of years a person has smoked.</p> <p>Many products claim to revitalize aging skin or reduce wrinkles, but the Food and Drug Administration has approved only a few for sun-damaged or aging skin. Various treatments soothe dry skin and reduce the appearance of age spots.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Older Adults Skin, Hair and Nails Envejecimiento de la piel Skin Aging Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Botox Sun Exposure Aging Skin Liver Spots Wrinkles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Ophthalmology Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Dermatology Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Dermatology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Related Issues AGS Health in Aging Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Academy of Dermatology Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Aging NIH Treatments and Therapies American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Journal Articles Specifics American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Start Here National Institute on Aging NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. The two most common types are basal cell cancer and squamous cell cancer. They usually form on the head, face, neck, hands, and arms. Another type of skin cancer, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/melanoma.html">melanoma</a>, is more dangerous but less common. </p> <p>Anyone can get skin cancer, but it is more common in people who :</p><ul> <li> Spend a lot of time in the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">sun</a> or have been sunburned</li> <li> Have light-colored skin, hair and eyes</li> <li> Have a family member with skin cancer</li> <li> Are over age 50</li> </ul> <p>You should have your doctor check any suspicious skin markings and any changes in the way your skin looks. Treatment is more likely to work well when cancer is found early. If not treated, some types of skin cancer cells can spread to other tissues and organs. Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and biologic therapy. PDT uses a drug and a type of laser light to kill cancer cells. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Skin, Hair and Nails Cáncer de piel Skin Neoplasms Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Melanoma Skin Conditions Sun Exposure Tanning Actinic Keratosis Basal Cell Carcinoma Merkel Cell Cancer Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues VisualDX Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Find an Expert American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Living With American Cancer Society Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Academy of Dermatology Diagnosis and Tests VisualDX Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Statistics and Research American Academy of Dermatology NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute PDF NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Society for Radiation Oncology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Prevention and Risk Factors Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Cutaneous disorders Dermatologic disorders <h3>What does your skin do?</h3> <p>Your skin is your body's largest organ. It covers the entire outside of your body. There are many ways that your skin protects your body and helps keep you healthy. For example, it:</p> <ul> <li>Holds body fluids in, which helps prevent you from getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydrated</a></li> <li>Keeps out harmful germs, which helps prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html">infections</a></li> <li>Helps you feel things like heat, cold, and pain</li> <li>Helps control your body temperature</li> <li>Makes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">vitamin D</a> when the sun shines on it</li> <li>Shields your body against heat and light</li> </ul> <h3>What problems and conditions can affect your skin?</h3> <p>There are many different problems and conditions which can affect your skin. Some of them can cause uncomfortable symptoms, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/itching.html">itching</a>, burning, redness, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rashes</a>. They might also affect your appearance. Some of the more common skin conditions include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acne.html">Acne</a>, which causes pimples when hair follicles under your skin get clogged up</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/woundsandinjuries.html">Cuts and scrapes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dandruffcradlecapandotherscalpconditions.html">Dandruff</a>, flaking of the skin on your scalp (the top of your head)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html">Eczema</a> (atopic dermatitis), which causes inflammation, redness, and irritation of the skin</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hives.html">Hives</a>, which are red and sometimes itchy bumps on your skin</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html">Insect bites</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/psoriasis.html">Psoriasis</a>, which causes itchy, scaly red patches</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html">Skin cancer</a></li> <li>Skin infections</li> </ul> <h3>How can I keep my skin healthy?</h3> <p>Since your skin protects your body in many ways, it's important to try to keep your skin healthy. For example, you can:</p> <ul> <li>Wear the right protective equipment, like gloves, long sleeves, knee and elbow pads, or helmets to protect against cuts, bumps and scrapes. </li><li>If you do get a cut or scrape, clean it right away with soap and warm water. Put on a bandage to protect it while it heals. </li><li>When you are spending time outdoors, wear long sleeves and pants and use insect repellant to prevent insect bites. </li><li>Prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">sunburn</a> by covering up and using sunscreen when outdoors. </li><li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">Wash your hands</a> often with soap and water. </li><li>When you take a shower or bath, use warm (not hot) water. Use mild cleansers and wash gently (don't scrub). </li><li>Use moisturizers, like lotions, creams, or ointments, to prevent dry skin. </li></ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Enfermedades de la piel Skin Diseases Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Blisters Dandruff, Cradle Cap, and Other Scalp Conditions Eczema Impetigo Itching Psoriasis Rashes Scleroderma Skin Aging Skin Cancer Skin Infections Skin Pigmentation Disorders Cutaneous Disorders Dermatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Women American Academy of Family Physicians Videos and Tutorials Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Reference Desk American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Images VisualDX Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images VisualDX Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Dermatology Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images VisualDX Specifics National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics American Academy of Dermatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Images VisualDX Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images VisualDX Images VisualDX Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research American Academy of Dermatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Center for Construction Research and Training PDF Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Children American Academy of Pediatrics Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here VisualDX Images VisualDX Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation <h3>What are skin infections?</h3> <p>Your skin is your body's largest organ. It has many different functions, including covering and protecting your body. It helps keep germs out. But sometimes the germs can cause a skin infection. It often happens when the germs enter your body through a break, cut, or wound on your skin. Other skin infections can happen in places where the skin rubs together, especially if the area is moist. Infections can also happen when you have a poor blood supply to an area of your body or if your immune system is weakened because of another disease or a medical treatment.</p> <p>Some skin infections cover a small area on the top of your skin. Other infections can go deep into your skin or spread to a larger area.</p> <h3>What causes skin infections?</h3> <p>Skin infections are caused by different kinds of germs. For example,:</p><ul> <li>Bacteria cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cellulitis.html">cellulitis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html">impetigo</a>, and <a href="staphylococcalinfections.html" tid="418">staphylococcal (staph) infections</a></li> <li>Viruses cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html">shingles</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/warts.html">warts</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herpessimplex.html">herpes simplex</a></li> <li>Fungi cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/athletesfoot.html">athlete's foot</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html">yeast infections</a></li> <li>Parasites cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bodylice.html">body lice</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headlice.html">head lice</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scabies.html">scabies</a></li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to get a skin infection?</h3> <p>You are more likely to get a skin infection if you:</p><ul> <li>Have poor circulation</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a></li> <li>Are older</li> <li>Have an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system disease</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a></li> <li>Have a weakened immune system because of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a> or other medicines that suppress your immune system</li> <li>Have to stay in one position for a long time, such as if you are sick and have to stay in bed for a long time or you are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html">paralyzed</a></li> <li>Are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html">malnourished</a></li> <li>Have excessive skinfolds, which can happen if you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of skin infections?</h3> <p>The symptoms depend on the type of infection. Some symptoms that are common to many skin infections include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">rashes</a>, swelling, redness, pain, pus, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/itching.html">itching</a>.</p> <h3>How are skin infections diagnosed?</h3> <p>To diagnose a skin infection, your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. You may have lab tests, such as a skin culture. This is a test to identify what type of infection you have, using a sample from your skin. Your provider may take the sample by swabbing or scraping your skin or removing a small piece of skin (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>). Sometimes providers use other tests, such as blood tests.</p> <h3>How are skin infections treated?</h3> <p>The treatment depends on the type of infection and how serious it is. Some infections will go away on their own. When you do need treatment, it may include a cream or lotion to put on the skin. Other possible treatments include medicines and a procedure to drain pus.</p> Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Infecciones de la piel Skin Diseases, Infectious Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Bacterial Infections Fungal Infections Gangrene Skin Conditions Viral Infections Molluscum Contagiosum Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Diabetes Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Dermatology Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests VisualDX Hyperpigmentation Hypopigmentation <p>Pigmentation means coloring. Skin pigmentation disorders affect the color of your skin. Your skin gets its color from a pigment called melanin. Special cells in the skin make melanin. When these cells become damaged or unhealthy, it affects melanin production. Some pigmentation disorders affect just patches of skin. Others affect your entire body. </p> <p>If your body makes too much melanin, your skin gets darker. Pregnancy, Addison's disease, and sun exposure all can make your skin darker. If your body makes too little melanin, your skin gets lighter. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitiligo.html">Vitiligo</a> is a condition that causes patches of light skin. Albinism is a genetic condition affecting a person's skin. A person with albinism may have no color, lighter than normal skin color, or patchy missing skin color. Infections, blisters and burns can also cause lighter skin. </p> Skin, Hair and Nails Trastornos de pigmentación de la piel Pigmentation Disorders Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Birthmarks Moles Vitiligo Hyperpigmentation Hypopigmentation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children VisualDX Treatments and Therapies American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Specifics American Academy of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Dermatology Living With American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Images VisualDX Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Images VisualDX Images VisualDX Specifics American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests VisualDX Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Sleep-disordered breathing <p>Sleep apnea is a common disorder that causes your breathing to stop or get very shallow. Breathing pauses can last from a few seconds to minutes. They may occur 30 times or more an hour.</p> <p>The most common type is obstructive sleep apnea. It causes your airway to collapse or become blocked during sleep. Normal breathing starts again with a snort or choking sound. People with sleep apnea often snore loudly. However, not everyone who <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/snoring.html">snores</a> has sleep apnea.</p> <p>You are more at risk for sleep apnea if you are overweight, male, or have a family history or small airways. Children with enlarged <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html">tonsils</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adenoids.html">adenoids</a> may also get it.</p> <p>Doctors diagnose sleep apnea based on medical and family histories, a physical exam, and sleep study results.</p> <p>When your sleep is interrupted throughout the night, you can be drowsy during the day. People with sleep apnea are at higher risk for car crashes, work-related accidents, and other medical problems. If you have it, it is important to get treatment. Lifestyle changes, mouthpieces, surgery, and breathing devices can treat sleep apnea in many people.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Brain and Nerves Lungs and Breathing Apnea del sueño Sleep Apnea Syndromes Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Breathing Problems Sleep Disorders Snoring Apnea, Sleep Sleep-disordered Breathing Find an Expert American Sleep Apnea Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Video Find an Expert American Academy of Sleep Medicine Diagnosis and Tests American Sleep Apnea Association NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Center on Sleep Disorders Research NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons PDF Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children American Academy of Pediatrics Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Sleep Apnea Association Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <h3>What is sleep?</h3> <p>Sleep is a complex biological process. While you are sleeping, you are unconscious, but your brain and body functions are still active. They are doing a number of important jobs that help you stay healthy and function at your best. So when you don't get enough quality sleep, it does more than just make you feel tired. It can affect your physical and mental health, thinking, and daily functioning.</p> <h3>What are sleep disorders?</h3> <p>Sleep disorders are conditions that disturb your normal sleep patterns. There are more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some major types include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html">Insomnia</a> - being unable to fall asleep and stay asleep. This is the most common sleep disorder.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">Sleep apnea</a> - a breathing disorder in which you stop breathing for 10 seconds or more during sleep</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/restlesslegs.html">Restless leg syndrome</a> (RLS) - a tingling or prickly sensation in your legs, along with a powerful urge to move them</li> <li>Hypersomnia - being unable to stay awake during the day. This includes narcolepsy, which causes extreme daytime sleepiness.</li> <li>Circadian rhythm disorders - problems with the sleep-wake cycle. They make you unable to sleep and wake at the right times.</li> <li>Parasomnia - acting in unusual ways while falling asleep, sleeping, or waking from sleep, such as walking, talking, or eating</li> </ul> <p>Some people who feel tired during the day have a true sleep disorder. But for others, the real problem is not allowing enough time for sleep. It's important to get enough sleep every night. The amount of sleep you need depends on several factors, including your age, lifestyle, health, and whether you have been getting enough sleep recently. Most adults need about 7-8 hours each night.</p> <h3>What causes sleep disorders?</h3> <p>There are different causes for different sleep disorders, including:</p><ul> <li>Other conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">lung disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">nerve disorders</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html">pain</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">Mental illnesses</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a></li> <li>Medicines</li> <li>Genetics</li> </ul> <p>Sometimes the cause is unknown.</p> <p>There are also some factors that can contribute to sleep problems, including:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">Caffeine</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a></li> <li>An irregular schedule, such as working the night shift</li> <li>Aging. As people age, they often get less sleep or spend less time in the deep, restful stage of sleep. They are also more easily awakened.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of sleep disorders?</h3> <p>The symptoms of sleep disorders depend on the specific disorder. Some signs that you may have a sleep disorder include that:</p><ul> <li>You regularly take more than 30 minutes each night to fall asleep</li> <li>You regularly wake up several times each night and then have trouble falling back to sleep, or you wake up too early in the morning</li> <li>You often feel sleepy during the day, take frequent naps, or fall asleep at the wrong times during the day</li> <li>Your bed partner says that when you sleep, you snore loudly, snort, gasp, make choking sounds, or stop breathing for short periods</li> <li>You have creeping, tingling, or crawling feelings in your legs or arms that are relieved by moving or massaging them, especially in the evening and when trying to fall asleep</li> <li>Your bed partner notices that your legs or arms jerk often during sleep</li> <li>You have vivid, dreamlike experiences while falling asleep or dozing</li> <li>You have episodes of sudden muscle weakness when you are angry or fearful, or when you laugh</li> <li>You feel as though you cannot move when you first wake up</li> </ul> <h3>How are sleep disorders diagnosed?</h3> <p>To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will use your medical history, your sleep history, and a physical exam. You may also have a sleep study (polysomnogram). The most common types of sleep studies monitor and record data about your body during a full night of sleep. The data includes:</p><ul> <li>Brain wave changes</li> <li>Eye movements</li> <li>Breathing rate</li> <li>Blood pressure</li> <li>Heart rate and electrical activity of the heart and other muscles</li> </ul> <p>Other types of sleep studies may check how quickly you fall asleep during daytime naps or whether you are able to stay awake and alert during the day.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for sleep disorders?</h3> <p>Treatments for sleep disorders depend on which disorder you have. They may include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">Good sleep habits</a> and other lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and exercise</li> <li>Cognitive behavioral therapy or relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety about getting enough sleep</li> <li>CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machine for sleep apnea</li> <li>Bright light therapy (in the morning)</li> <li>Medicines, including sleeping pills. Usually, providers recommend that you use sleeping pills for a short period of time.</li> <li>Natural products, such as melatonin. These products may help some people but are generally for short-term use. Make sure to check with your health care provider before you take any of them.</li> </ul> Brain and Nerves Problemas del sueño Sleep Wake Disorders Sleep Aids, Pharmaceutical Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Healthy Sleep Insomnia Restless Legs Sleep Apnea Snoring Narcolepsy Night Terrors NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Office of Disability Employment Policy Find an Expert American Academy of Sleep Medicine Related Issues National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert American Academy of Sleep Medicine Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics American Academy of Sleep Medicine Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Center on Sleep Disorders Research NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Women American Academy of Sleep Medicine Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Sleep Medicine Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Sleep Medicine Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Children Nemours Foundation <p>Your small intestine is the longest part of your digestive system - about twenty feet long! It connects your stomach to your large intestine (or colon) and folds many times to fit inside your abdomen. Your small intestine does most of the digesting of the foods you eat. It has three areas called the duodenum, the ileum, and the jejunum.</p> <p>Problems with the small intestine can include:</p> <ul> <li>Bleeding</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html">Celiac disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html">Crohn's disease</a></li> <li>Infections</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalcancer.html">Intestinal cancer</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intestinalobstruction.html">Intestinal obstruction</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/irritablebowelsyndrome.html">Irritable bowel syndrome</a></li> <li>Ulcers, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html">peptic ulcer</a></li> </ul> <p>Treatment of disorders of the small intestine depends on the cause.</p> Digestive System Enfermedades del intestino delgado Jejunal Diseases Duodenal Diseases Ileal Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Celiac Disease Crohn's Disease Diarrhea Digestive Diseases Gastroenteritis Gastrointestinal Bleeding Intestinal Cancer Intestinal Obstruction Irritable Bowel Syndrome Malabsorption Syndromes Ostomy Peptic Ulcer Intestinal Diseases Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition PDF Specifics Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies United Network for Organ Sharing Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Easy-to-Read NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Children American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American College of Gastroenterology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH <p>Smallpox is a disease caused by the Variola major virus. Some experts say that over the centuries it has killed more people than all other infectious diseases combined. Worldwide vaccination stopped the spread of smallpox three decades ago. The last case was reported in 1977. Two research labs still keep small amounts of the virus. Experts fear <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html">bioterrorists</a> could use the virus to spread disease.</p> <p>Smallpox spreads very easily from person to person. Symptoms are flu-like. They include:</p><ul> <li>High fever</li> <li>Fatigue</li> <li>Headache</li> <li>Backache</li> <li>A rash with flat red sores</li> </ul> <p>There is no treatment. Fluids and medicines for pain or fever can help control symptoms. Most people recover, but some can die. Those who do recover may have severe scars.</p> <p>The U.S. stopped routine smallpox vaccinations in 1972. Military and other high-risk groups continue to get the vaccine. The U.S. has increased its supply of the vaccine in recent years. The vaccine makes some people sick, so doctors save it for those at highest risk of disease. </p> Infections Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Viruela Smallpox Smallpox Vaccine Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Dari Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Italian Japanese Khmer Korean Pashto Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Biodefense and Bioterrorism Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Start Here World Health Organization Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert World Health Organization Chewing tobacco Dip Oral tobacco Snuff Spit tobacco <p>Many people who chew tobacco or dip snuff think it's safer than <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">smoking</a>. But you don't have to smoke tobacco for it to be dangerous. Chewing or dipping carries risks like:</p><ul> <li> Cancer of the mouth</li> <li> Decay of exposed tooth roots</li> <li>Pulling away of the gums from the teeth</li> <li> White patches or red sores in the mouth that can turn to cancer</li> </ul> <p>Recent research shows the dangers of smokeless tobacco may go beyond the mouth. It might also play a role in other cancers, heart disease and stroke. </p> <p>Smokeless tobacco contains more nicotine than cigarettes. Nicotine is a highly addictive drug that makes it hard to stop using tobacco once you start. Having a quit date and a quitting plan can help you stop successfully. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research </p> Substance Use and Disorders Mouth and Teeth Tabaco que no se fuma Tobacco, Smokeless Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hmong Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Oral Cancer Quitting Smoking Smoking Chewing Tobacco Dip Oral Tobacco Snuff Spit Tobacco Tobacco, Smokeless Find an Expert American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Health and Human Services Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Start Here American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Journal Articles Teenagers Nemours Foundation Cigar smoking Cigarette smoking Pipe smoking Tobacco smoking <h3>What are the health effects of smoking?</h3> <p>There's no way around it; smoking is bad for your health. It harms nearly every organ of the body, even some that you would not expect. Cigarette smoking causes many cancers and other health problems. It is also the cause of nearly one in five deaths in the United States.</p> <p>Some of the many health problems that smoking can cause include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cancers.</strong> Smoking is the most common cause of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungcancer.html">lung</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/oralcancer.html">oral</a> cancers. But it can also cause cancer in many other parts of your body, such as in your larynx (voice box), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html">esophagus</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/throatcancer.html">throat</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bladdercancer.html">bladder</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneycancer.html">kidney</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/livercancer.html">liver</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stomachcancer.html">stomach</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pancreaticcancer.html">pancreas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/colorectalcancer.html">colon and rectum</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html">cervix</a>. It can also cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acutemyeloidleukemia.html">acute myeloid leukemia</a> (AML). </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">Lung diseases</a>.</strong> Smoking is the most common cause of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copd.html">COPD</a>. It can also worsen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">asthma</a> and raise your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">pneumonia</a>.</li> <li><strong>Cardiovascular diseases.</strong> Smoking can damage your blood vessels and make them thicken and grow narrower. This makes your heart beat faster and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">raises your blood pressure</a>. Smoking also increases your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clots</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Vision problems</a></strong>. Smoking can raise your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html">cataracts</a> and cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html">macular degeneration</a> (AMD).</li> </ul> <p>People <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">who smoke while pregnant</a> have a greater chance of certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthproblemsinpregnancy.html">pregnancy problems</a>. Their babies are also at higher risk of dying of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suddeninfantdeathsyndrome.html">sudden infant death syndrome</a> (SIDS).</p> <p>Smoking also causes addiction to nicotine, a stimulant drug that is in tobacco. Nicotine addiction makes it much harder for people to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quit smoking</a>.</p> <h3>What are the health risks of secondhand smoke?</h3> <p>Your smoke is also bad for other people. If they breathe in your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/secondhandsmoke.html">secondhand smoke</a>, they can get many of the same problems as smokers do. These problems can include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a> and lung cancer. Children exposed to secondhand smoke have a higher risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earinfections.html">ear infections</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">colds</a>, pneumonia, bronchitis, and more severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthmainchildren.html">asthma</a>. People who breathe secondhand smoke while pregnant are more likely to have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html">preterm labor</a> and babies with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">low birth weight</a>.</p> <h3>Are other forms of tobacco also dangerous?</h3> <p>Besides cigarettes, there are several other forms of tobacco. Some people smoke tobacco in cigars and water pipes (hookahs). These forms of tobacco also contain harmful chemicals and nicotine. Some cigars contain as much tobacco as an entire pack of cigarettes.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html">E-cigarettes</a> often look like cigarettes, but they work differently. They are battery-operated smoking devices. Using an e-cigarette is called vaping. Researchers still have a lot to learn about the health effects of using e-cigarettes. We do know that they contain nicotine, which is highly addictive and is a health danger for pregnant people, their developing babies, children, and teens. And e-cigarettes also expose non-smokers to secondhand aerosols (rather than secondhand smoke), which contain harmful chemicals.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smokelesstobacco.html">Smokeless tobacco</a>, such as chewing tobacco and snuff, is also bad for your health. Smokeless tobacco can cause certain cancers, including oral cancer. It also increases your risk of getting heart disease, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html">gum disease</a>, and oral lesions.</p> <h3>Why should I quit?</h3> <p>Remember, there is no safe level of tobacco use. Smoking even just one cigarette per day over a lifetime can cause smoking-related cancers and premature death. Quitting smoking can reduce your risk of health problems and add years to your life. The earlier you quit, the greater the benefit. Some immediate benefits of quitting include:</p><ul> <li>Lower heart rate and blood pressure</li> <li>Less carbon monoxide in the blood (carbon monoxide reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen)</li> <li>Better circulation</li> <li>Less coughing and wheezing</li> </ul> <p>Quitting smoking can be challenging, but it is so important for your health. Contact your health care provider if you need help quitting.</p> Substance Use and Disorders Lungs and Breathing Fumar Cigarette Smoking Pipe Smoking Tobacco Smoking Water Pipe Smoking Cigar Smoking Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese National Institute on Drug Abuse E-Cigarettes Quitting Smoking Secondhand Smoke Smokeless Tobacco Smoking and Youth Nicotine Tobacco Smoking Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Lung Association Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American Academy of Ophthalmology Reference Desk American Lung Association Video Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services PDF Specifics Food and Drug Administration PDF Women National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Statistics and Research National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Health Check Tools National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women March of Dimes Foundation Video Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American Lung Association Women American Lung Association Teen smoking <p>Smoking cigarettes has many health risks for everyone. However, the younger you are when you start smoking, the more problems it can cause. People who start smoking before the age of 21 have the hardest time quitting. Teens who smoke are also more likely to use alcohol and illegal drugs.</p> <p>The problem is not just cigarettes. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smokelesstobacco.html">Spit tobacco</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html">e-cigarettes</a>, and cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes. Low-tar and additive-free tobacco products are not safe either.</p> <p>Young people who do not start using tobacco by age 18 will most likely never start.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Children and Teenagers Substance Use and Disorders Fumar y los jóvenes Smoking Spanish National Institute on Drug Abuse E-Cigarettes Quitting Smoking Smokeless Tobacco Smoking Teen Smoking Find an Expert American Lung Association Start Here Boston Children's Hospital Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Reference Desk American Lung Association Video Start Here Nemours Foundation Specifics National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Related Issues Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids PDF Journal Articles Teenagers Nemours Foundation Video Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Department of Health and Human Services Related Issues Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids PDF Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>Snoring is the sound you make when your breathing is blocked while you are asleep. The sound is caused by tissues at the top of your airway that strike each other and vibrate. Snoring is common, especially among older people and people who are overweight.</p> <p>When severe, snoring can cause frequent awakenings at night and daytime sleepiness. It can disrupt your bed partner's sleep. Snoring can also be a sign of a serious sleep disorder called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">sleep apnea</a>. You should see your health care provider if you are often tired during the day, don't feel that you sleep well, or wake up gasping.</p> <p>To reduce snoring:</p><ul> <li>Lose weight if you are overweight. It may help, but thin people can snore, too.</li> <li>Cut down or avoid alcohol and other sedatives at bedtime</li> <li>Don't sleep flat on your back</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Aging</p> Lungs and Breathing Ear, Nose and Throat Mouth and Teeth Roncar Snoring Spanish Sleep Apnea Sleep Disorders Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Find an Expert American Sleep Apnea Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Sleep Medicine Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Start Here American Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Sobredosis de opiáceos <h3>¿Qué son los opioides?</h3> <p>Los opioides, a veces llamados narcóticos, son un tipo de medicamento. Incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> fuertes recetados como la oxicodona, hidrocodona, fentanilo y tramadol. También es un opioide la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html">heroína</a>, una droga ilegal.</p> <p>Un profesional de la salud puede recetarle un opioide para su dolor tras sufrir una lesión importante o después de una cirugía. También puede recetarlos si tiene dolor severo por enfermedades como el cáncer. Algunos proveedores de atención médica los recetan para el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">dolor crónico</a>.</p> <p>En general, los opioides recetados para aliviar el dolor son seguros cuando se toman por un tiempo corto y según lo indicado por su profesional de la salud. Sin embargo, quienes los toman están en riesgo de trastorno por consumo de opioides y una sobredosis. Estos riesgos aumentan cuando hay un uso indebido de opioides. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html">uso indebido</a> puede incluir tomar más de la dosis recetada o tomarla más seguido, usarla para drogarse o tomar los opioides de otra persona.</p> <h3>¿Qué es una sobredosis de opioides?</h3> <p>Los opioides afectan la parte del cerebro que controla la respiración. Tomar altas dosis de opioides puede llevar a una sobredosis y a una desaceleración o interrupción de la respiración, lo que puede provocar la muerte.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa una sobredosis de opioides?</h3> <p>Una sobredosis de opioides puede ocurrir por varias razones, incluyendo si usted:</p><ul> <li>Toma un opioide para drogarse</li> <li>Toma una dosis adicional de un opioide recetado o con demasiada frecuencia (ya sea en forma accidental o a propósito)</li> <li>Mezcla un opioide con otros medicamentos, drogas ilegales o alcohol. Una sobredosis puede ser fatal al mezclar un opioide y ciertos medicamentos para el tratamiento de la ansiedad, como el Xanax o Valium</li> <li>Toma un opioide que le recetaron a otra persona. Los niños están en mayor riesgo de una sobredosis accidental si toman estos medicamentos por error</li> </ul> <p>También existe el riesgo de sobredosis si está recibiendo medicamentos para el trastorno por uso de opioides, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidusedisorderoudtreatment.html">tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de opioides</a>. Muchos de los medicamentos que se usan para este tratamiento también son sustancias controladas que se pueden abusar.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de una sobredosis de opioides?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona que toma un opioide puede estar en riesgo de una sobredosis, pero el riesgo es mayor si:</p><ul> <li>Toma opioides ilegales</li> <li>Toma más medicamento opioide del que le recetaron</li> <li>Combina los opioides con otros medicamentos y/o con alcohol</li> <li>Tiene ciertas afecciones médicas, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">apnea del sueño</a> o insuficiencia <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">renal</a> o hepática</li> <li>Tiene más de 65 años de edad</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los signos de una sobredosis de opioides?</h3> <p>Los signos de una sobredosis de opioides incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Pupilas de los ojos muy pequeñas</li> <li>Quedarse dormido o perder el conocimiento</li> <li>Respiración lenta y superficial</li> <li>Sonidos de asfixia o gorgoteo</li> <li>Vómitos</li> <li>Cuerpo flácido</li> <li>Piel pálida, azulada o fría</li> <li>Latidos cardíacos débiles</li> <li>Labios y uñas morados</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué debo hacer si creo que alguien está teniendo una sobredosis de opiáceos?</h3> <p>Si cree que alguien está teniendo una sobredosis de opiáceos:</p><ul> <li><strong>Llame al 911 de inmediato</strong></li> <li>Administre a la persona naloxona, si está disponible. La naloxona es un medicamento seguro que puede detener rápidamente una sobredosis de opioides. Hay dos tipos disponibles. Uno es un aerosol nasal que se rocía en la nariz. El otro tipo se inyecta en el músculo debajo de la piel o en las venas. La naloxona actúa bloqueando los efectos de los opioides en el cuerpo. Es importante leer las instrucciones del producto y verificar la fecha de vencimiento antes de aplicarlo a una persona</li> <li>Trate de mantener a la persona despierta y respirando</li> <li>Acueste a la persona de lado para evitar que se asfixie</li> <li>Quédese con la persona hasta que llegue el servicio de emergencias</li> </ul> <p>La naloxona no dañará a una persona si tiene una sobredosis de drogas que no sean opioides, por lo que se recomienda usarla si piensa que alguien tiene una sobredosis.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se puede prevenir una sobredosis de opioides?</h3> <p>Si está tomando analgésicos opioides, hay <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/safeopioiduse.html">pasos que puede seguir</a> para ayudar a prevenir una sobredosis de opioides:</p><ul> <li>Tome su medicamento exactamente según lo indicado por su proveedor de atención médica. No tome más de la dosis recomendada a la vez ni los tome con mayor frecuencia de lo que se supone</li> <li>Nunca mezcle medicamentos para el dolor con alcohol, pastillas para dormir o drogas ilegales</li> <li>Guarde sus medicinas en forma segura y fuera del alcance de niños o mascotas. Considere usar una caja de seguridad de medicamentos. Además de mantener seguros a los niños, evite que alguien que viva con usted o alguna visita tenga acceso a sus medicinas</li> <li>Deseche de inmediato el medicamento que no haya usado</li> </ul> <p>También es importante enseñar a su familia y amigos cómo responder a una sobredosis. Si tiene un mayor riesgo de sufrir una sobredosis, obtenga naloxona y llévela consigo dondequiera que vaya. Puede comprar naloxona en una farmacia.</p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Opioid Overdose Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Opioides y trastorno por consumo de opioides Tratamiento del trastorno por consumo de opioides Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados Uso seguro de opioides Opioides, Sobredosis Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Infografía Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría <p>Tener una enfermedad a largo plazo, o crónica, puede afectar su vida de muchas maneras. Puede sentirse frecuentemente cansado y con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">dolor</a>. La enfermedad puede alterar su apariencia o sus capacidades físicas, así como su independencia. Es posible que no pueda trabajar, lo que puede ocasionarle problemas financieros. </p> <p>Para los niños, las enfermedades crónicas pueden ser atemorizantes, ya que a veces no entienden por qué les ocurre a ellos.</p> <p>Estos cambios pueden causar estrés, ansiedad y enojo. Si así le sucede, es importante buscar ayuda. Un consejero capacitado puede ayudarlo a desarrollar estrategias para recuperar la sensación de control. Los grupos de apoyo también pueden serle de ayuda. Descubrirá que no está solo y podrá enterarse de nuevos consejos para aprender a lidiar con la enfermedad.</p> <p>Es posible que pueda manejar mejor su enfermedad si aprende más al respecto. Es importante <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/evaluatinghealthinformation.html">evaluar la información</a> que encuentre para asegurarse de que es confiable. También es importante <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/choosingadoctororhealthcareservice.html">encontrar un proveedor de atención médica</a> que pueda confiar.</p> Salud mental y conducta Coping with Chronic Illness Cáncer: Viviendo con cáncer Dolor crónico Viviendo con VIH Crónica, Sobrellevando una enfermedad Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Sal en la dieta <p>La sal de mesa está hecha de dos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">minerales</a>, sodio y cloruro. El cuerpo necesita una determinada cantidad de sodio para funcionar adecuadamente, pues ayuda en la función de los nervios y los músculos. El sodio también ayuda a mantener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">equilibrio adecuado de los líquidos</a>. Los riñones controlan la cantidad de sodio presente en el cuerpo; si tiene demasiado y los riñones no pueden eliminarlo, se acumula en la sangre. Eso puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a>. A su vez, la presión alta puede ocasionar otros problemas de salud.</p> <p>La mayoría de las personas en los Estados Unidos consume más sodio en su dieta de lo que necesita. Una clave para alimentarse sanamente es escoger alimentos con bajo contenido de sodio. Los directrices dietéticas recomiendan comer menos de 2.3 gramos por día. Eso equivale a una cucharadita de sal de mesa al día, aproximadamente. Algunas personas son más sensibles a los efectos de la sal que otras y deben comer menos. Estas incluyen a quienes tienen presión arterial alta, diabetes o problemas renales, o son afroamericanos o mayores de 50 años. Leer las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodlabeling.html">etiquetas de los alimentos</a> puede ayudarlo a saber la cantidad de sodio en los alimentos preparados.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Alimentos y nutrición Sodium Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Nutrición Presión arterial alta Sal en la dieta Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Salt <p>Table salt is a combination of two <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">minerals</a> - sodium and chloride Your body needs some sodium to work properly. It helps with the function of nerves and muscles. It also helps to keep the right <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">balance of fluids</a> in your body. Your kidneys control how much sodium is in your body. If you have too much and your kidneys can't get rid it, sodium builds up in your blood. This can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>. High blood pressure can lead to other health problems.</p> <p>Most people in the U.S. get more sodium in their diets than they need. A key to healthy eating is choosing foods low in sodium. The Dietary Guidelines recommend that most adults eat less than 2.3 grams per day. That equals about 1 teaspoon of table salt a day. Some people are more sensitive to the effects of salt than others and should eat less. This includes people who have high blood pressure, diabetes, or kidney problems, or are African American or over age 50. Reading <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodlabeling.html">food labels</a> can help you see how much sodium is in prepared foods.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Food and Nutrition Sodio en la dieta Sodium Chloride, Dietary Sodium, Dietary Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Japanese Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Fluid and Electrolyte Balance High Blood Pressure Minerals Nutrition Dietary Sodium Hyponatremia Salt Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Food and Drug Administration Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Specifics National Library of Medicine Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Harvard School of Public Health Journal Articles Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PDF NIH <p>Your soft tissues connect, support, or surround other tissues. Examples include your muscles, tendons, fat, and blood vessels. Soft tissue sarcoma is a cancer of these soft tissues. There are many kinds, based on the type of tissue they started in. They may cause a lump or swelling in the soft tissue. Sometimes they spread and can press on nerves and organs, causing problems such as pain or trouble breathing.</p> <p>No one knows exactly what causes these cancers. They are not common, but you have a higher risk if you have been exposed to certain chemicals, have had radiation therapy, or have certain genetic diseases.</p> <p>Doctors diagnose soft tissue sarcomas with a biopsy. Treatments include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Sarcoma del tejido blando Sarcoma Spanish National Cancer Institute Kaposi Sarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Sarcoma, Soft Tissue Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Specifics American Cancer Society Pharyngitis <p>Your throat is a tube that carries food to your esophagus and air to your windpipe and larynx (also called the voice box). The technical name for the throat is pharynx.</p> <p>You can have a sore throat for many reasons. Often, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">colds</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a> cause sore throats. Other causes can include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/allergy.html">Allergies</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousmononucleosis.html">Mononucleosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html">Strep throat</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html">Tonsillitis</a></li> </ul> <p>Treatment depends on the cause. Sucking on lozenges, drinking lots of liquids, and gargling may ease the pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers can also help, but children should not take aspirin.</p> Ear, Nose and Throat Dolor de garganta Pharyngitis Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Throat Disorders Tonsillitis Pharyngitis Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Symptoms Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Osteopathic Association Start Here American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Symptoms American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children American Academy of Pediatrics Communication disorders <p>Many disorders can affect our ability to speak and communicate. They range from saying sounds incorrectly to being completely unable to speak or understand speech. Causes include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">Hearing disorders and deafness</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/voicedisorders.html">Voice problems</a>, such as dysphonia or those caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleftlipandpalate.html">cleft lip or palate</a> </li> <li>Speech problems like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stuttering.html">stuttering</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/developmentaldisabilities.html">Developmental disabilities</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html">Learning disabilities</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html">Autism spectrum disorder</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">Brain injury</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Stroke</a></li> </ul> <p>Some speech and communication problems may be genetic. Often, no one knows the causes. By first grade, about 5% of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html">children</a> have noticeable speech disorders. Speech and language therapy can help. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</p> Brain and Nerves Mouth and Teeth Symptoms Problemas del habla y de la comunicación Communication Disorders Speech Disorders Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Korean Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Aphasia Hearing Disorders and Deafness Learning Disabilities Speech and Language Problems in Children Stuttering Voice Disorders Communication Disorders Language Problems Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Stroke Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Living With National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Reference Desk National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Center for Parent Information and Resources Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues Federal Communications Commission Related Issues Federal Communications Commission Related Issues National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH <p>Children vary in their development of speech and language skills. Health care professionals have lists of milestones for what's normal. These milestones help figure out whether a child is on track or if he or she may need extra help. For example, a child usually has one or two words like "Hi," "dog," "Dada," or "Mama" by her first birthday.</p> <p>Sometimes a delay may be caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingproblemsinchildren.html">hearing loss</a>. Other times it may be due to a speech or language disorder. Children who have speech disorders may have trouble making speech sounds correctly. They may hesitate or stutter when talking. Children with language disorders might have trouble understanding what others say or difficulty sharing their thoughts. </p> <p>If you have concerns about your child's speech or language development, talk to your child's health care provider. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</p> Children and Teenagers Brain and Nerves Problemas del habla y del lenguaje en niños Language Disorders Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Child Development Hearing Problems in Children Speech and Communication Disorders Stuttering Language Problems Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Specifics Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association of North America Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Start Here Center for Parent Information and Resources Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation <p> Though many people are afraid of spiders, they rarely bite people unless threatened. Most spider bites are harmless. Occasionally, spider bites can cause allergic reactions. And bites by the venomous black widow and brown recluse spiders can be very dangerous to people. </p> <p> If you are bitten by a spider, you may see a reaction similar to that of a bee sting, including redness, pain and swelling at the site. To treat a spider bite: </p> <p> <ul> <li>Wash the area well with soap and water</li> <li>Apply an ice pack or a wet compress to the area</li> <li>Take over-the-counter pain medicine, if needed</li> <li>Consider using antihistamines for severe swelling</li> <li>Seek medical treatment for small children and adults with severe symptoms</li> </ul> </p> Injuries and Wounds Picaduras de arañas Spider Bites Spanish Animal Bites Insect Bites and Stings Tick Bites Black Widow Spider Bites Brown Recluse Spider Bites Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Occupational Safety and Health Administration PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Occupational Safety and Health Administration PDF Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Cleft spine Open spine <p>Spina bifida is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neuraltubedefects.html">neural tube defect</a> - a type of birth defect of the brain, spine, or spinal cord. It happens if the spinal column of the fetus doesn't close completely during the first month of pregnancy. This can damage the nerves and spinal cord. Screening tests during pregnancy can check for spina bifida. Sometimes it is discovered only after the baby is born.</p> <p>The symptoms of spina bifida vary from person to person. Most people with spina bifida are of normal intelligence. Some people need assistive devices such as braces, crutches, or wheelchairs. They may have learning difficulties, urinary and bowel problems, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hydrocephalus.html">hydrocephalus</a>, a buildup of fluid in the brain.</p> <p>The exact cause of spina bifida is unknown. It seems to run in families. Taking <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html">folic acid</a> can reduce the risk of having a baby with spina bifida. It's in most multivitamins. Women who could become pregnant should take it daily.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Espina bífida Spinal Dysraphism Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Chiari Malformation Neural Tube Defects Cleft Spine Myelomeningocele Open Spine Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics Spina Bifida Association of America Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Related Issues Spina Bifida Association of America PDF Living With Spina Bifida Association of America PDF Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Men Spina Bifida Association of America PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Living With Spina Bifida Association of America PDF Journal Articles Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Spina Bifida Association of America Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>Your spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that runs down the middle of your back. It carries signals back and forth between your body and your brain. It is protected by your vertebrae, which are the bone disks that make up your spine. If you have an accident that damages the vertebrae or other parts of the spine, this can also <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html">injure</a> the spinal cord. Other spinal cord problems include:</p><ul> <li> Tumors</li> <li> Infections such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html">meningitis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html">polio</a></li> <li> Inflammatory diseases</li> <li> Autoimmune diseases </li> <li> Degenerative diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.html">amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalmuscularatrophy.html">spinal muscular atrophy</a></li> </ul> <p>Symptoms vary but might include pain, numbness, loss of sensation and muscle weakness. These symptoms can occur around the spinal cord, and also in other areas such as your arms and legs. Treatments often include medicines and surgery. </p> Brain and Nerves Enfermedades de la médula espinal Spinal Cord Diseases Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spina Bifida Spinal Cord Injuries Spinal Muscular Atrophy Spinal Stenosis Syringomyelia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk North American Spine Society Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk North American Spine Society Related Issues ALS Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests North American Spine Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Children American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests North American Spine Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics North American Spine Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH <p>Your spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that runs down the middle of your back. It carries signals back and forth between your body and your brain. A spinal cord injury disrupts the signals. Spinal cord injuries usually begin with a blow that <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fractures</a> (breaks) or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html">dislocates</a> your vertebrae, the bone disks that make up your spine. Most injuries don't cut through your spinal cord. Instead, they cause damage when pieces of vertebrae tear into cord tissue or press down on the nerve parts that carry signals.</p> <p>Spinal cord injuries can be complete or incomplete. With a complete spinal cord injury, the cord can't send signals below the level of the injury. As a result, you are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html">paralyzed</a> below the injury. With an incomplete injury, you have some movement and sensation below the injury.</p> <p>A spinal cord injury is a medical emergency. Immediate treatment can reduce long-term effects. Treatments may include medicines, braces or traction to stabilize the spine, and surgery. Later treatment usually includes medicines and rehabilitation therapy. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html">Mobility aids</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html">assistive devices</a> may help you to get around and do some daily tasks.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Injuries and Wounds Traumatismo de la médula espinal Spinal Cord Injuries Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Paralysis Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Related Issues ALS Association Start Here University of Alabama at Birmingham Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Videos and Tutorials Hill Foundation for Families Living with Disabilities Video Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Children Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Children Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Videos and Tutorials Hill Foundation for Families Living with Disabilities Video Videos and Tutorials Hill Foundation for Families Living with Disabilities Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Related Issues University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH SMA <h3>What is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?</h3> <p>Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a group of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic diseases</a> that damages and kills motor neurons. Motor neurons are a type of nerve cell in the spinal cord and lower part of the brain. They control movement in your arms, legs, face, chest, throat, and tongue.</p> <p>As the motor neurons die off, your muscles start to weaken and atrophy (waste away). The muscle damage gets worse over time and can affect speaking, walking, swallowing, and breathing.</p> <h3>What are the types of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and what are their symptoms?</h3> <p>There are different types of SMA. They are based on how serious the disease is and when the symptoms start:</p><ul> <li><strong>Type l</strong> is also called Werdnig-Hoffman disease or infantile-onset SMA. It is the most severe type. It is also the most common. Babies with this type usually show signs of the disease before 6 months of age. In more severe cases, the signs show up even before or just after birth (Types 0 or 1A). The babies may have trouble <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">swallowing</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">breathing</a> and may not move around a lot. They have chronic shortening of muscles or tendons (called contractures). They usually cannot sit up without help. Without treatment, many children with this type will die before 2 years of age.</li> <li><strong>Type ll</strong> is a moderate to severe type of SMA. It usually first noticed between 6 and 18 months of age. Most children with this type can sit without support but cannot stand or walk without help. They may also have trouble breathing. They can usually live into adolescence or young adulthood.</li> <li><strong>Type lll</strong> is also called Kugelberg-Welander disease. It is the mildest type that affects children. The signs of the disease usually show up after age 18 months. Children with this type can walk by themselves but may have trouble running, getting up from a chair, or climbing stairs. They may also have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html">scoliosis</a> (curvature of the spine), contractures, and respiratory infections. With treatment, most children with this type will have a normal lifespan.</li> <li><strong>Type IV</strong> is rare and often mild. It usually causes symptoms after 21 years of age. The symptoms include mild to moderate leg muscle weakness, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tremor.html">tremors</a>, and mild breathing problems. The symptoms slowly get worse over time. People with this type of SMA have a normal lifespan.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?</h3> <p>Most types of SMA are caused by a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/spinal-muscular-atrophy/#causes">change in the SMN1 gene</a>. This gene is responsible for making a protein that the motor neurons need to be healthy and to function. But when part of the SMN1 gene is missing or abnormal, there isn't enough protein for the motor neurons. This causes the motor neurons to die off.</p> <p>Most people have two copies of the SM1 gene - one from each parent. SMA normally only happens when both copies have the gene change. If only one copy has the change, there usually aren't any symptoms. But that gene could be passed down from parent to child.</p> <p>Some of the less common types of SMA may be caused by changes in other genes.</p> <h3>How is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to diagnose SMA:</p><ul> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>A medical history, including asking about family history</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">Genetic testing</a> to check for the gene changes that cause SMA</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">Electromyography and nerve conduction studies</a> and a muscle <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a> may be done, especially if no gene changes were found</li> </ul> <p>Parents who have a family history of SMA may want to do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html">prenatal test</a> to check to see whether their baby has an SMN1 gene change. An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/amniocentesis-amniotic-fluid-test/">amniocentesis</a> or in some cases a chorionic villi sampling (CVS) is used to get the sample for testing.</p> <p>In some states, genetic testing for SMA is part of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html">newborn screening tests</a>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?</h3> <p>There is no cure for SMA. Treatments can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. They may include:</p><ul> <li>Medicines to help the body make more of the proteins that the motor neurons need</li> <li>Gene therapy for children under 2 years of age</li> <li>Physical, occupational, and rehabilitation therapy to help to improve posture and the mobility of the joints. These therapies may also improve blood flow and slow muscle weakness and atrophy. Some people may also need therapy for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">trouble speaking</a>, chewing, and swallowing.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html">Assistive devices</a> such as supports or braces, orthotics, speech synthesizers, and wheelchairs to help people stay more independent</li> <li>Good nutrition and a balanced diet to help maintain weight and strength. Some people might need a feeding tube in order to get the nutrition they need.</li> <li>Breathing support for people who have muscle weakness in the neck, throat, and chest. The support may include devices to help with breathing during the day and to prevent sleep apnea at night. Some people might need to be on a ventilator.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Atrofia muscular espinal Muscular Atrophy, Spinal Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Muscular Dystrophy Neuromuscular Disorders SMA Start Here Spinal Muscular Atrophy Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Cure SMA Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Cure SMA Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Living With Cure SMA Living With Cure SMA Living With Cure SMA Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests Cure SMA Journal Articles Children Cure SMA Diagnosis and Tests Cure SMA Symptoms Cure SMA Treatments and Therapies Cure SMA Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Muscular Dystrophy Association PDF Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms Kennedy's Disease Association Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Your spine, or backbone, protects your spinal cord and allows you to stand and bend. Spinal stenosis causes narrowing in your spine. The narrowing puts pressure on your nerves and spinal cord and can cause pain.</p> <p>Spinal stenosis occurs mostly in people older than 50. Younger people with a spine injury or a narrow spinal canal are also at risk. Diseases such as arthritis and scoliosis can cause spinal stenosis, too. Symptoms might appear gradually or not at all. They include:</p><ul> <li>Pain in your neck or back</li> <li>Numbness, weakness, cramping, or pain in your arms or legs</li> <li>Pain going down the leg</li> <li>Foot problems</li> </ul> <p>Doctors diagnose spinal stenosis with a physical exam and imaging tests. Treatments include medications, physical therapy, braces, and surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Estenosis espinal Spinal Stenosis Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Back Pain Spine Injuries and Disorders Reference Desk North American Spine Society Find an Expert Arthritis Foundation Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Treatments and Therapies North American Spine Society Specifics North American Spine Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk North American Spine Society Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Find an Expert American Physical Therapy Association Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American College of Rheumatology Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Your backbone, or spine, is made up of 26 bone discs called vertebrae. The vertebrae protect your spinal cord and allow you to stand and bend. A number of problems can change the structure of the spine or damage the vertebrae and surrounding tissue. They include:</p><ul> <li>Infections</li> <li>Injuries</li> <li>Tumors</li> <li>Conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ankylosingspondylitis.html">ankylosing spondylitis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/scoliosis.html">scoliosis</a></li> <li>Bone changes that come with age, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalstenosis.html">spinal stenosis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herniateddisk.html">herniated disks</a></li> </ul> <p>Spinal diseases often cause pain when bone changes put pressure on the spinal cord or nerves. They can also limit movement. Treatments differ by disease, but sometimes they include back braces and surgery.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Lesiones y enfermedades de la columna vertebral Spinal Fractures Spinal Injuries Spinal Diseases Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Ankylosing Spondylitis Back Pain Herniated Disk Neck Injuries and Disorders Scoliosis Spinal Stenosis Tailbone Disorders Compression Fracture Kyphosis Spondylolisthesis Treatments and Therapies Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery Treatments and Therapies North American Spine Society Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk North American Spine Society Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Find an Expert American Physical Therapy Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons PDF Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies North American Spine Society Diagnosis and Tests North American Spine Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Videos and Tutorials North American Spine Society Video Journal Articles Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Medical Encyclopedia Specifics North American Spine Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Living With American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics North American Spine Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics North American Spine Society Splenic diseases <p>Your spleen is an organ above your stomach and under your ribs on your left side. It is about as big as your fist. The spleen is part of your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymphaticdiseases.html">lymphatic system</a>, which fights infection and keeps your body fluids in balance. It contains white blood cells that fight germs. Your spleen also helps control the amount of blood in your body, and destroys old and damaged cells. </p> <p>Certain diseases might cause your spleen to swell. You can also damage or rupture your spleen in an injury, especially if it is already swollen. If your spleen is too damaged, you might need surgery to remove it. You can live without a spleen. Other organs, such as your liver, will take over some of the spleen's work. Without a spleen, however, your body will lose some of its ability to fight infections.</p> Immune System Enfermedades del bazo Splenic Diseases Spanish Lymphatic Diseases Splenic Diseaess Splenomegaly Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Sports can be a great way to get in shape or stay that way. Having a specific goal can be a great motivator. Physically, you need strength and endurance. Your training will vary with your sport. You would not train the same way for pole vaulting as for swimming. You might, however, cross train. Cross training simply means that you include a variety of fitness activities in your program. Research shows that cross training builds stronger bones. </p> <p>Remember to listen to your body. If you frequently feel exhausted or you are in pain, you may be overdoing it. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">Injuries</a> can be the result. And be sure that you use your body and your equipment <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportssafety.html">safely</a>. What you eat and drink is also important. Water is the most important nutrient for active people. Drink it before, during and after workouts. </p> Wellness and Lifestyle Fitness and Exercise Entrenamiento para deportes y ejercicio Sports Medicine Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Anabolic Steroids Benefits of Exercise Exercise and Physical Fitness Exercise for Children Exercise for Older Adults How Much Exercise Do I Need? Sports Injuries Sports Safety Fitness Performance-Enhancing Drugs Weight Training Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American College of Sports Medicine Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Women American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Journal Articles Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <p>Exercising is good for you, but sometimes you can injure yourself when you play sports or exercise. Accidents, poor training practices, or improper gear can cause them. Some people get hurt because they are not in shape. Not warming up or stretching enough can also lead to injuries. </p> <p>The most common sports injuries are:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">Sprains and strains</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html">Knee injuries</a> </li> <li> Swollen muscles </li> <li> Achilles tendon injuries </li> <li> Pain along the shin bone </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rotatorcuffinjuries.html">Rotator cuff injuries</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">Fractures</a> (broken bones) </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html">Dislocations</a> </li> </ul> <p>If you get hurt, stop playing. Continuing to play or exercise can cause more harm. Treatment often begins with the RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation) method to relieve pain, reduce swelling, and speed healing. Other possible treatments include pain relievers, keeping the injured area from moving, rehabilitation, and sometimes surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Injuries and Wounds Wellness and Lifestyle Fitness and Exercise Problemas y lesiones causados por los deportes Athletic Injuries Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hmong Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Ankle Injuries and Disorders Concussion Elbow Injuries and Disorders Foot Injuries and Disorders Hand Injuries and Disorders Knee Injuries and Disorders Shoulder Injuries and Disorders Sports Fitness Sprains and Strains Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institute of Nursing Research NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics American College of Sports Medicine PDF Teenagers Nemours Foundation Video Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Journal Articles Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Men Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Heart Association PDF <p>Playing sports can be fun, but it can also be dangerous if you are not careful. You can help prevent injuries by:</p><ul> <li>Getting a physical to make sure you are healthy before you start playing your sport</li> <li>Wearing the right shoes, gear, and equipment </li> <li>Drinking lots of water </li> <li>Warming up and stretching</li> </ul> <p>If you have already hurt yourself playing a sport, make sure you recover completely before you start up again. If possible, protect the injured part of your body with padding, a brace, or special equipment. When you do start playing again, start slowly.</p> Safety Issues Fitness and Exercise Seguridad en los deportes Sports Safety Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hmong Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Sports Fitness Sports Injuries Water Safety (Recreational) Bicycle Safety Recreational Safety Find an Expert American College of Sports Medicine Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Women American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Consumer Product Safety Commission PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Eye Institute NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children National Eye Institute NIH Children National Eye Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Children American Academy of Pediatrics <p>A sprain is a stretched or torn ligament. Ligaments are tissues that connect bones at a joint. Falling, twisting, or getting hit can all cause a sprain. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html">Ankle</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html">wrist</a> sprains are common. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, and being unable to move your joint. You might feel a pop or tear when the injury happens. </p> <p>A strain is a stretched or torn muscle or tendon. Tendons are tissues that connect muscle to bone. Twisting or pulling these tissues can cause a strain. Strains can happen suddenly or develop over time. Back and hamstring muscle strains are common. Many people get strains playing sports. Symptoms include pain, muscle spasms, swelling, and trouble moving the muscle. </p> <p>At first, treatment of both sprains and strains usually involves resting the injured area, icing it, wearing a bandage or device that compresses the area, and medicines. Later treatment might include exercise and physical therapy. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Torceduras y distensiones Sprains and Strains Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Sports Injuries Tendinitis Ligament Injuries Muscle Strain Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Teenagers Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Living With American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Living With American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Related Issues National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Staph <h3>What are Staphylococcal (staph) infections?</h3> <p><em>Staphylococcus</em> (staph) is a group of bacteria. There are more than 30 types. A type called <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> causes most infections.</p> <p>Staph bacteria can cause many different types of infections, including:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html">Skin infections</a>, which are the most common types of staph infections.</li> <li>Bacteremia, an infection of the bloodstream. This can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sepsis.html">sepsis</a>, a very serious immune response to infection.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/boneinfections.html">Bone infections</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endocarditis.html">Endocarditis</a>, an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">Food poisoning</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pneumonia.html">Pneumonia</a>.</li> <li>Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), a life-threatening condition caused by toxins from certain types of bacteria.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes staph infections?</h3> <p>Some people carry staph bacteria on their skin or in their noses, but they do not get an infection. But if they get a cut or wound, the bacteria can enter the body and cause an infection.</p> <p>Staph bacteria can spread from person to person. They can also spread on objects, such as towels, clothing, door handles, athletic equipment, and remotes. If you have staph and do not handle food properly when you are preparing it, you can also spread staph to others.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to get a staph infection?</h3> <p>Anyone can develop a staph infection, but certain people are more likely to get one, including those who:</p><ul> <li>Have a chronic condition such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, cancer, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculardiseases.html">vascular disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html">eczema</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lungdiseases.html">lung disease</a></li> <li>Have a weakened immune system, such as from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>, medicines to prevent organ rejection, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a></li> <li>Had surgery</li> <li>Are in the hospital</li> <li>Use a catheter, breathing tube, or feeding tube</li> <li>Have an implanted device, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html">pacemaker</a> or artificial joint or heart valve</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html">burns</a>, especially if they are deep or cover a large area of the body</li> <li>Are on <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dialysis.html">dialysis</a></li> <li>Inject illegal drugs</li> <li>Do contact sports, since you may have skin-to-skin contact with others or share equipment</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of staph infections?</h3> <p>The symptoms of a staph infection depend on the type of infection:</p><ul> <li>Skin infections can look like pimples or boils. They may be red, swollen, and painful. Sometimes there is pus or other drainage. They can turn into <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html">impetigo</a>, which turns into a crust on the skin, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cellulitis.html">cellulitis</a>, a swollen, red area of skin that feels hot.</li> <li>Bone infections can cause pain, swelling, warmth, and redness in the infected area. You may also have chills and a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a>.</li> <li>Endocarditis causes some flu-like symptoms: <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a>, chills, and fatigue. It also causes symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, and fluid buildup in your arms or legs.</li> <li>Food poisoning typically causes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea and vomiting</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">diarrhea</a>, and fever. If you lose too many fluids, you may also become <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dehydration.html">dehydrated</a>. </li> <li>Pneumonia symptoms include a high fever, chills, and cough that doesn't get better. You may also have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">chest pain</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">shortness of breath</a>.</li> <li>Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) causes high fever, sudden low blood pressure, vomiting, diarrhea, and confusion. You may have a sunburn-like rash somewhere on your body. TSS can lead to organ failure.</li> </ul> <h3>How are staph infections diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. Often, providers can tell if you have a staph skin infection by looking at it. To check for other types of staph infections, providers may do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bacteria-culture-test/">culture</a>, with a skin scraping, tissue sample, stool sample, or throat or nasal swabs. There may be other tests, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>, depending on the type of infection.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for staph infections?</h3> <p>Treatment for staph infections is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>. Depending on the type of infection, the antibiotics might be a cream, ointment, medicines (to swallow), or intravenous (IV) medicine. If you have an infected wound, your provider might drain it. Sometimes you may need surgery for bone infections.</p> <p>Some staph infections, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mrsa.html">MRSA</a> (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html">resistant to many antibiotics</a>. There are still certain antibiotics that can treat these infections.</p> <h3>Can staph infections be prevented?</h3> <p>Certain steps can help to prevent staph infections:</p><ul> <li>Use good <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">hygiene</a>, including washing your hands often.</li> <li>Don't share towels, sheets, or clothing with someone who has a staph infection.</li> <li>It's best not to share athletic equipment. If you do need to share, make sure that it is properly cleaned and dried before you use it.</li> <li>Practice <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html">food safety</a>, including not preparing food for others when you have a staph infection.</li> <li>If you have a cut or wound, keep it covered.</li> </ul> Infections Infecciones por estafilococo Staphylococcal Infections Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Cellulitis Impetigo MRSA Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors <h3>What is cholesterol?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">Cholesterol</a> is a waxy, fat-like substance that that's found in all the cells in your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But if you have too much of it in your blood, it can stick to the walls of your arteries and narrow or even block them. This puts you at risk for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a> and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart diseases</a>.</p> <p>Cholesterol is made by your liver. It travels through the blood on proteins called lipoproteins. One type of lipoprotein, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL</a>, is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol. A high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries. Another type, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">HDL</a>, is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol. It carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Then your liver removes the cholesterol from your body.</p> <h3>What are statins?</h3> <p>Statins are a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">cholesterol medicine</a>. Your health care provider may prescribe them if you have high cholesterol and making lifestyle changes does not lower your cholesterol enough. Statins are the most common medicines used to treat high cholesterol.</p> <h3>How do statins lower cholesterol?</h3> <p>Statins lower LDL cholesterol by slowing down how much cholesterol the liver makes. They also increase your liver's ability to remove LDL cholesterol that is already in the blood. This can slow the formation of plaques in your arteries. Studies have shown that statins lower the risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a> in people with high LDL cholesterol.</p> <p>Statins can lower your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html">triglyceride</a> level as well. Triglycerides are another type of fat in your blood that can raise the risk of heart disease. Statins may also increase your HDL cholesterol.</p> <h3>What are the risks of taking statins?</h3> <p>Statins usually don't cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">side effects</a>, but they may raise the risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>. However, this mainly happens in people already at high risk of diabetes, such as those who are overweight or have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html">metabolic syndrome</a>.</p> <p>Statins may also cause abnormal results on liver enzymes tests, but actual liver damage is very rare. Another uncommon side effect is muscle damage. In rare cases, this muscle damage can lead to muscle pain and kidney damage.</p> <p>You should not take statins if you are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandmedicines.html">pregnant</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html">breastfeeding</a>. They are also not recommended for people who have certain types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver disease</a>.</p> <h3>How can I safely take statins?</h3> <p>To safely take statins, you should:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Take your statin as prescribed.</strong> You should not stop taking this medicine on your own, since that can lead to a serious problem or, in rare cases, even cause death. Talk to your provider if you have any concerns about your statin or if you would like to stop or change to a different treatment.</li> <li><strong>Ask your provider which other medicines, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html">supplements</a>, or foods you should avoid.</strong> Some of these can interact with statins and cause serious side effects or make statins less effective. For example, grapefruit (fresh or as juice) affects how your liver breaks down some statins.</li> <li><strong>Tell your provider about any symptoms or side effects you are having.</strong> Sometimes, people report muscle problems while taking statins. If you start having muscle pain, your provider may order a blood test to look look for muscle damage. The pain may go away if you switch to a different statin. Muscle damage with statins is rare, and your muscles may heal when you switch to a different medicine.</li> </ul> Drug Therapy Estatinas Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Spanish Cholesterol Cholesterol Medicines HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol Find an Expert American Heart Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <p>Stem cells are cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body. They serve as a repair system for the body. There are two main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. </p> <p>Stem cells are different from other cells in the body in three ways:</p> <ul> <li>They can divide and renew themselves over a long time</li> <li>They are unspecialized, so they cannot do specific functions in the body</li> <li>They have the potential to become specialized cells, such as muscle cells, blood cells, and brain cells</li> </ul> <p>Doctors and scientists are excited about stem cells because they could help in many different areas of health and medical research. Studying stem cells may help explain how serious conditions such as birth defects and cancer come about. Stem cells may one day be used to make cells and tissues for therapy of many diseases. Examples include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injury, heart disease, diabetes, and arthritis.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institutes of Health</p> Transplantation and Donation Células madre Stem Cells Hematopoietic Stem Cells Spanish Bone Marrow Transplantation Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Specifics Health Resources and Services Administration Videos and Tutorials National Cancer Institute Video NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Marrow Donor Program Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Marrow Donor Program Related Issues American Cancer Society Statistics and Research Health Resources and Services Administration Statistics and Research National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Marrow Donor Program Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics International Society for Stem Cell Research Related Issues Health Resources and Services Administration Journal Articles Specifics American Cancer Society Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues National Marrow Donor Program Specifics International Society for Stem Cell Research Start Here International Society for Stem Cell Research Corticosteroids Glucocorticoids <p>You may have heard of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html">anabolic steroids</a>, which can have harmful effects. But there's another type of steroid - sometimes called a corticosteroid - that treats a variety of problems. These steroids are similar to hormones that your adrenal glands make to fight stress associated with illnesses and injuries. They reduce inflammation and affect the immune system. </p> <p>You may need to take corticosteroids to treat:</p><ul> <li> Arthritis</li> <li> Asthma</li> <li> Autoimmune diseases such as lupus and multiple sclerosis</li> <li> Skin conditions such as eczema and rashes</li> <li> Some kinds of cancer</li> </ul> <p>Steroids are strong medicines, and they can have side effects, including weakened bones and cataracts. Because of this, you usually take them for as short a time as possible.</p> Drug Therapy Corticoides Glucocorticoids Adrenal Cortex Hormones Prednisone Spanish Addison Disease Cushing's Syndrome Corticosteroids Glucocorticoids Prednisone Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics North American Spine Society Specifics National Jewish Health Start Here National Jewish Health Specifics National Jewish Health Related Issues American College of Rheumatology Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Images Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation <p>If a woman loses a pregnancy after she's past her 20th week, it's called a stillbirth. Stillbirths are due to natural causes. They can happen before delivery or during delivery. Causes include:</p> <ul> <li>Problems with the placenta, the organ that transports oxygen and nutrients to the fetus</li> <li>Genetic problems with the fetus</li> <li>Fetal infections</li> <li>Other physical problems in the fetus</li> </ul> <p>In at least half of all cases, it is not possible to tell why the baby died.</p> <p>If stillbirth happens before delivery, your health care provider may induce labor or perform a Cesarean section to deliver the fetus. In some cases, you can wait until you go into labor yourself. This usually happens within two weeks of stillbirth.</p> <p>Counseling may help you cope with your grief. Later, if you do decide to try again, work closely with your health care provider to lower the risks. Many women who have a stillbirth go on to have healthy babies.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Parto de feto muerto Stillbirth Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Miscarriage Pregnancy Loss Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Journal Articles Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Gastric cancer <p>The stomach is an organ between the esophagus and the small intestine. It mixes food with stomach acid and helps digest protein. Stomach cancer mostly affects older people - two-thirds of people who have it are over age 65. Your risk of getting it is also higher if you:</p><ul> <li>Have had a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html">Helicobacter pylori infection</a></li> <li>Have had stomach inflammation</li> <li>Are a man</li> <li>Eat lots of salted, smoked, or pickled foods </li> <li>Smoke cigarettes </li> <li>Have a family history of stomach cancer</li> </ul> <p>It is hard to diagnose stomach cancer in its early stages. Indigestion and stomach discomfort can be symptoms of early cancer, but other problems can cause the same symptoms. In advanced cases, there may be blood in your stool, vomiting, unexplained weight loss, jaundice, or trouble swallowing. Doctors diagnose stomach cancer with a physical exam, blood and imaging tests, an endoscopy, and a biopsy.</p> <p>Because it is often found late, it can be hard to treat stomach cancer. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation or a combination.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Digestive System Cáncer de estómago Stomach Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Stomach Disorders Gastric Cancer Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Symptoms National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Gastric disorders <p>Your stomach is an organ between your esophagus and small intestine. It is where digestion of protein begins. The stomach has three tasks. It stores swallowed food. It mixes the food with stomach acids. Then it sends the mixture on to the small intestine.</p> <p>Most people have a problem with their stomach at one time or another. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/indigestion.html">Indigestion</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartburn.html">heartburn</a> are common problems. You can relieve some stomach problems with over-the-counter medicines and lifestyle changes, such as avoiding fatty foods or eating more slowly. Other problems like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pepticulcer.html">peptic ulcers</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">GERD</a> require medical attention. </p> <p>You should see a doctor if you have any of the following:</p> <ul> <li>Blood when you have a bowel movement</li> <li>Severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abdominalpain.html">abdominal pain</a></li> <li>Heartburn not relieved by antacids </li> <li>Unintended weight loss </li> <li>Ongoing vomiting or diarrhea</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Enfermedades del estómago Stomach Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Abdominal Pain Gastroenteritis Indigestion Nausea and Vomiting Peptic Ulcer Stomach Cancer Gastric Disorders Gastritis Gastroparesis Stomach Ache Health Check Tools American Academy of Family Physicians Health Check Tools American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Patient Handouts National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Find an Expert Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics American College of Gastroenterology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Strep <p>Strep is short for Streptococcus, a type of bacteria. There are several types. Two of them cause most of the strep infections in people: group A and group B.</p> <p>Group A strep causes:</p><ul> <li>Strep throat - a sore, red throat. Your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html">tonsils</a> may be swollen and have white spots on them.</li> <li>Scarlet fever - an illness that follows strep throat. It causes a red rash on the body.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/impetigo.html">Impetigo</a> - a skin infection</li> <li>Toxic shock syndrome</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cellulitis.html">Cellulitis</a> and necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease)</li> </ul> <p>Group B strep can cause blood infections, pneumonia and meningitis in newborns. A screening test during pregnancy can tell if you have it. If you do, intravenous (IV) antibiotics during labor can save your baby's life. Adults can also get group B strep infections, especially if they are 65 or older or already have health problems. Strep B can cause urinary tract infections, blood infections, skin infections and pneumonia in adults.</p> <p>Antibiotics are used to treat strep infections.</p> Infections Ear, Nose and Throat Infecciones por estreptococo Streptococcal Infections Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Cellulitis Impetigo Pneumococcal Infections Tonsillitis Rheumatic Fever Scarlet Fever Strep Throat Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Women American Academy of Family Physicians Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Institute of Mental Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Children Nemours Foundation Children American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children American Heart Association PDF Psychological stress <h3>What is stress?</h3> <p>Stress is how your brain and body respond to a challenge or demand. When you are stressed, your body releases certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a>. Hormones are chemicals that travel in your bloodstream and control how different parts of your body work. The hormones that are released when you are stressed make you alert and ready to act. They can raise your blood pressure, heart rate, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood glucose</a> (blood sugar) levels. This response is sometimes called a "fight or flight" response.</p> <p>Everyone gets stressed from time to time. There are different types of stress. It can be short-term or long-term. It can be caused by something that happens once or something that keeps happening.</p> <p>Not all stress is bad. In fact, it can help you survive in a dangerous situation. For example, one kind of stress is the jolt you may feel when a car pulls out in front of you while you are driving. This jolt of hormones helps you quickly hit the brakes to avoid an accident. A little short-term stress can sometimes be helpful. For example, the stress of having a deadline for school or your job may push you to get your work done on time. Once you finish it, that stress goes away.</p> <p>But stress that lasts a long time can harm your health.</p> <h3>What causes long-term stress?</h3> <p>Long-term stress, or chronic stress, lasts for weeks, months, or longer. As you go about your life, your body is acting as if you're being threatened.</p> <p>Causes of long-term stress include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Routine stress</strong> from the demands of work, school, family needs, money problems, and other daily pressures that don't stop.</li> <li><strong>Stress from sudden, difficult changes in your life,</strong> such as divorce, illness, losing your job, or other unhappy life events that often have a long impact.</li> <li><strong>Traumatic stress,</strong> which may happen when you're in danger of serious harm or death. Examples include being in a bad accident, a war, a flood, earthquake, or other frightening event. This type of stress can cause a long-lasting problem called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">post-traumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD).</li> </ul> <h3>How can long term-stress harm my health?</h3> <p>People respond to stress in different ways. If you're stressed for a long time you may notice that you are:</p> <ul> <li>Getting sick more often than usual because stress weakens your body's ability to fight germs</li> <li>Having stomach problems or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/indigestion.html">trouble digesting food</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html">Having trouble sleeping</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Having headaches</a></li> <li>Feeling sad, angry, or easily upset</li> </ul> <p>When stress keeps going, your body acts as if you're always in danger. That's a lot of strain that may play a part in developing serious health problems, including:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> </ul> <p>It's possible to get used to the symptoms of stress and not even realize there's a problem. So when there's a lot of stress in your life, it's important to pay attention to how it affects you so you can do something about it.</p> <h3>How can I manage long-term stress?</h3> <p>Simple things that <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">improve your mental health</a> may be helpful in managing long-term stress, such as:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">Get regular exercise.</a></strong> A 30-minute daily walk can help you feel better and help keep your immune system strong, so you don't get sick.</li> <li><strong>Try relaxing activities.</strong> You could look for an app or wellness program that uses breathing, meditation, or muscle relaxation exercises.</li> <li><strong>Get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthysleep.html">enough sleep</a> every night.</strong></li> <li><strong>Avoid too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">caffeine</a>.</strong></li> <li><strong>Decide what you need to do now and what can wait.</strong> And focus on what you got done each day, not on what you weren't able to do.</li> <li><strong>Ask your family or friends for support.</strong></li> </ul> <h3>When should I ask my health care provider for help with stress?</h3> <p>Get help if you're having severe symptoms for 2 weeks or more, including:</p> <ul> <li>Trouble sleeping</li> <li>Changes in your eating that cause unwanted changes in your weight</li> <li>Troubles getting out of bed because of your mood</li> <li>Difficulty focusing your thoughts</li> <li>Losing interest in things you usually enjoy</li> <li>Not being able to do your usual daily activities</li> </ul> <p>Always get help right away if stress is causing you to:</p> <ul> <li>Have thoughts of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html">suicide</a></li> <li>Feel you can't cope</li> <li>Use drugs or alcohol more often than usual</li> </ul> <p>Your health care provider may refer you to a mental health professional such as a psychologist or social worker.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health</p> Mental Health and Behavior Estrés Stress, Psychological Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Anxiety Mental Health Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Stress Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Video Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Children Nemours Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Psychological Association Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health NIH Living With National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Teenagers National Institute of Mental Health Video NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch NIH Living With Mental Health America Start Here Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Living With American Psychological Association Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Psychological Association Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Teenagers American Psychological Association Children National Institute of Mental Health PDF NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Migraine Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Institute of Mental Health NIH Statistics and Research American Psychological Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Symptoms Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Teenagers American Academy of Family Physicians Brain attack CVA <h3>What is a stroke?</h3> <p>A stroke happens when there is a loss of blood flow to part of the brain. Your brain cells cannot get the oxygen and nutrients they need from blood, and they start to die within a few minutes. This can cause lasting brain damage, long-term disability, or even death.</p> <p>If you think that you or someone else is having a stroke, call 911 right away. Immediate treatment may save someone's life and increase the chances for successful rehabilitation and recovery.</p> <h3>What are the types of stroke?</h3> <p>There are two types of stroke:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html">Ischemic stroke</a> is caused by a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clot</a> that blocks or plugs a blood vessel in the brain. This is the most common type; about 80% of strokes are ischemic.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhagicstroke.html">Hemorrhagic stroke</a> is caused by a blood vessel that breaks and bleeds into the brain</li> </ul> <p>Another condition that's similar to a stroke is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/transientischemicattack.html">transient ischemic attack</a> (TIA). It's sometimes called a "mini-stroke." TIAs happen when the blood supply to the brain is blocked for a short time. The damage to the brain cells isn't permanent, but if you have had a TIA, you are at a much higher risk of having a stroke.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for a stroke?</h3> <p>Certain factors can raise your risk of a stroke. The major risk factors include:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a>.</strong> This is the primary risk factor for a stroke.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a>.</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">Heart diseases</a>.</strong> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html">Atrial fibrillation</a> and other heart diseases can cause blood clots that lead to stroke.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smoking.html">Smoking</a>.</strong> When you smoke, you damage your blood vessels and raise your blood pressure.</li> <li><strong>A personal or family history of stroke or TIA.</strong></li> <li><strong>Age.</strong> Your risk of stroke increases as you get older.</li> <li><strong>Race and ethnicity.</strong> African Americans have a higher risk of stroke.</li> </ul> <p>There are also other factors that are linked to a higher risk of stroke, such as:</p><ul> <li>Alcohol and illegal drug use</li> <li>Not getting enough physical activity</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">High cholesterol</a></li> <li>Unhealthy diet</li> <li>Having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of stroke?</h3> <p>The symptoms of stroke often happen quickly. They include:</p><ul> <li>Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side of the body)</li> <li>Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or understanding speech</li> <li>Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes</li> <li>Sudden difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination</li> <li>Sudden severe headache with no known cause</li> </ul> <p>If you think that you or someone else is having a stroke, call 911 right away.</p> <h3>How are strokes diagnosed?</h3> <p>To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will:</p><ul> <li>Ask about your symptoms and medical history</li> <li>Do a physical exam, including a check of <ul> <li>Your mental alertness</li> <li>Your coordination and balance</li> <li>Any numbness or weakness in your face, arms, and legs</li> <li>Any trouble speaking and seeing clearly</li> </ul> </li> <li>Run some tests, which may include <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Diagnostic imaging</a> of the brain, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">Heart tests</a>, which can help detect heart problems or blood clots that may have led to a stroke. Possible tests include an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electrocardiogram/">electrocardiogram</a> (EKG) and an echocardiography.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for stroke?</h3> <p>Treatments for stroke include medicines, surgery, and rehabilitation. Which treatments you get depend on the type of stroke and the stage of treatment. The different stages are:</p><ul> <li><strong>Acute treatment</strong>, to try to stop a stroke while it is happening</li> <li><strong>Post-stroke rehabilitation</strong>, to overcome the disabilities caused by the stroke</li> <li><strong>Prevention</strong>, to prevent a first stroke or, if you have already had one, prevent another stroke</li> </ul> <p>Acute treatments for ischemic stroke are usually medicines:</p><ul> <li>You may get tPA, (tissue plasminogen activator), a medicine to dissolve the blood clot. You can only get this medicine within 4 hours of when your symptoms started. The sooner you can get it, the better your chance of recovery.</li> <li>If you cannot get that medicine, you may get medicine that helps stop platelets from clumping together to form blood clots. Or you may get a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">blood thinner</a> to keep existing clots from getting bigger.</li> <li>If you have carotid artery disease, you may also need a procedure to open your blocked carotid artery</li> </ul> <p>Acute treatments for hemorrhagic stroke focus on stopping the bleeding. The first step is to find the cause of bleeding in the brain. The next step is to control it:</p><ul> <li>If high blood pressure is the cause of bleeding, you may be given <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html">blood pressure medicines</a>.</li> <li>If an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html">aneurysm</a> if the cause, you may need aneurysm clipping or coil embolization. These are surgeries to prevent further leaking of blood from the aneurysm. It also can help prevent the aneurysm from bursting again.</li> <li>If an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arteriovenousmalformations.html">arteriovenous malformation</a> (AVM) is the cause of a stroke, you may need an AVM repair. An AVM is a tangle of faulty arteries and veins that can rupture within the brain. An AVM repair may be done through <ul> <li>Surgery</li> <li>Injecting a substance into the blood vessels of the AVM to block blood flow</li> <li>Radiation to shrink the blood vessels of the AVM</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/strokerehabilitation.html">Stroke rehabilitation</a> can help you relearn skills you lost because of the damage. The goal is to help you become as independent as possible and to have the best possible quality of life.</p> <p>Prevention of another stroke is also important, since having a stroke increases the risk of getting another one. Prevention may include heart-healthy lifestyle changes and medicines.</p> <h3>Can strokes be prevented?</h3> <p>If you have already had a stroke or are at risk of having a stroke, you can make some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">heart-healthy lifestyle changes</a> to try to prevent a future stroke:</p><ul> <li>Eating a heart-healthy diet</li> <li>Aiming for a healthy weight</li> <li>Managing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a></li> <li>Getting regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">physical activity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">Quitting smoking</a></li> <li>Managing your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">blood pressure</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html">cholesterol levels</a></li> </ul> <p>If these changes aren't enough, you may need medicine to control your risk factors.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Older Adults Blood, Heart and Circulation Brain and Nerves Accidente cerebrovascular Stroke Arabic Bosnian Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Ukrainian Vietnamese National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Aphasia Atherosclerosis Hemorrhagic Stroke Ischemic Stroke Stroke Rehabilitation Transient Ischemic Attack Brain Attack CVA Cerebrovascular Disease Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert American Heart Association Find an Expert American Stroke Association Related Issues American Stroke Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Prevention and Risk Factors NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms American Heart Association Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Statistics and Research American Heart Association Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Heart Association Video Diagnosis and Tests Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Stroke Association PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk American Stroke Association Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Symptoms National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Symptoms American Stroke Association Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Stroke Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Women American Stroke Association <p>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a> can cause lasting brain damage. People who survive a stroke need to relearn skills they lost because of the damage. Rehabilitation can help them relearn those skills.</p> <p>The effects of a stroke depend on which area of the brain was damaged. The types of disabilities a stroke can cause include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/paralysis.html">Paralysis</a> or problems controlling movement</li> <li>Pain and other problems with the senses</li> <li>Problems using or understanding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aphasia.html">language</a></li> <li>Problems with thinking and memory</li> <li>Emotional disturbances</li> </ul> <p>Stroke rehabilitation involves many kinds of health professionals. The goal is to help stroke survivors become as independent as possible and to have the best possible quality of life.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Surgery and Rehabilitation Recuperación de un ataque cerebral Stroke Rehabilitation Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Aphasia Hemorrhagic Stroke Ischemic Stroke Stroke Find an Expert American Stroke Association Clinical Trials National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Stroke Association Specifics American Stroke Association Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Related Issues American Stroke Association Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke PDF NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Stroke Association Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics American Stroke Association Stammering <h3>What is stuttering?</h3> <p>Stuttering is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">speech disorder</a>. It involves interruptions in the flow of speech. These interruptions are called disfluencies. They may involve:</p><ul> <li>Repeating sounds, syllables, or words</li> <li>Stretching out a sound</li> <li>Suddenly stopping in the middle of a syllable or word</li> </ul> <p>Sometimes, along with the stuttering, there may be nodding, rapid blinking, or trembling lips. The stuttering may be worse when you are stressed, excited, or tired.</p> <p>Stuttering can be frustrating, because you know exactly what you want to say, but you have trouble saying it. It can make it difficult to communicate with people. This can cause problems with school, work, and relationships.</p> <h3>What causes stuttering?</h3> <p>There are two main types of stuttering, and they have different causes:</p><ul> <li><strong>Developmental stuttering</strong> is the more common type. It starts in young children while they are still learning speech and language skills. Many children stutter when they first start talking. Most of them will outgrow it. But some continue to stutter, and the exact cause is unknown. There are differences in the brains of people who continue to stutter. Genetics may also play a role, since this type of stuttering can run in families.</li> <li><strong>Neurogenic stuttering</strong> can happen after someone has a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html">head trauma</a>, or other type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">brain injury</a>. Because of the injury, the brain has trouble coordinating the different parts of the brain involved in speech.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for stuttering?</h3> <p>Stuttering can affect anyone, but it is much more common in boys than girls. Younger children are most likely to stutter. About 75% of children who stutter will get better. For the rest, stuttering can continue their whole lives.</p> <h3>How is stuttering diagnosed?</h3> <p>Stuttering is usually diagnosed by a speech-language pathologist. This is a health professional who is trained to test and treat people with voice, speech, and language disorders. If you or your child stutters, your regular health care provider may give you a referral to a speech-language pathologist. Or in some cases, a child's teacher may make a referral.</p> <p>To make a diagnosis, the speech-language pathologist will:</p><ul> <li>Look at the case history, such as when the stuttering was first noticed, how often it happens, and in what situations it happens</li> <li>Listen to you or your child speak and analyze the stuttering</li> <li>Evaluate you or your child's speech and language abilities, including the ability to understand and use language</li> <li>Ask about the impact of stuttering on you or your child's life</li> <li>Ask whether stuttering runs in the family</li> <li>For a child, consider how likely it is that he or she will outgrow it</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for stuttering?</h3> <p>There are different treatments that can help with stuttering. Some of these may help one person but not another. You need to work with the speech-language pathologist to figure out the best plan for you or your child.</p> <p>The plan should take into account how long the stuttering has been going on and whether there are any other speech or language problems. For a child, the plan should also take into account your child's age and whether he or she is likely to outgrow the stuttering.</p> <p>Younger children may not need therapy right away. Their parents and teachers can learn strategies to help the child practice speaking. That can help some children. As a parent, it's important to be calm and relaxed when your child is speaking. If your child feels pressured, it can make it harder for them to talk. The speech-language pathologist will probably want to evaluate your child regularly, to see whether treatment is needed.</p> <p>Speech therapy can help children and adults minimize stuttering. Some techniques include:</p><ul> <li>Speaking more slowly</li> <li>Controlling breathing</li> <li>Gradually working up from single-syllable responses to longer words and more complex sentences</li> </ul> <p>For adults, self-help groups can help you find resources and support as you face the challenges of stuttering.</p> <p>There are electronic devices to help with fluency, but more research is needed to see whether they really help over the long term. Some people have tried medicines that usually treat other health problems such as epilepsy, anxiety, or depression. But these medicines are not approved for stuttering, and they often have side effects.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</p> Brain and Nerves Symptoms Tartamudez Stuttering Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Stammering Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Nemours Foundation NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Learn More Stuttering Foundation of America Journal Articles Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Stuttering Foundation of America Learn More Stuttering Foundation of America SCA Sudden cardiac death <h3>What is sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?</h3> <p>Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a condition in which the heart suddenly stops beating. When that happens, blood stops flowing to the brain and other vital organs. If it is not treated, SCA usually causes death within minutes. But quick treatment with a defibrillator may be lifesaving.</p> <h3>How is sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) different from a heart attack?</h3> <p>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a> is different from an SCA. A heart attack happens when blood flow to the heart is blocked. During a heart attack, the heart usually doesn't suddenly stop beating. With an SCA, the heart stops beating.</p> <p>Sometimes an SCA can happen after or during recovery from a heart attack.</p> <h3>What causes sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?</h3> <p>Your heart has an electrical system that controls the rate and rhythm of your heartbeat. An SCA can happen when the heart's electrical system is not working right and causes irregular heartbeats. Irregular heartbeats are called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">arrhythmias</a>. There are different types. They may cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm. Some can cause the heart to stop pumping blood to the body; this is the type that causes SCA.</p> <p>Certain diseases and conditions can cause the electrical problems that lead to SCA. They include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Ventricular fibrillation</strong>, a type of arrhythmia where the ventricles (the heart's lower chambers) don't beat normally. Instead, they beat very fast and very irregularly. They can't pump blood to the body. This causes most SCAs.</li> <li><strong><a href="coronaryarterydisease.html" tid="1276">Coronary artery disease (CAD)</a></strong>, also called ischemic heart disease. CAD happens when the arteries of the heart cannot deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart. It is often caused by the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">buildup of plaque</a>, a waxy substance, inside the lining of larger coronary arteries. The plaque blocks some or all of the blood flow to the heart.</li> <li>Some types of <strong>physical stress</strong> can cause your heart's electrical system to fail, such as <ul> <li>Intense physical activity in which your body releases the hormone adrenaline. This hormone can trigger SCA in people who have heart problems.</li> <li>Very low blood levels of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/potassium.html">potassium</a> or magnesium. These minerals play an important role in your heart's electrical system.</li> <li>Major blood loss</li> <li>Severe lack of oxygen</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">Certain inherited disorders</a></strong> which can cause arrhythmias or problems with the structure of your heart</li> <li><strong>Structural changes in the heart</strong>, such as an enlarged heart due to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a> or advanced heart disease. Heart infections can also cause changes to the structure of the heart.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?</h3> <p>You are at higher risk for SCA if you:</p><ul> <li>Have coronary artery disease (CAD). Most people with SCA have CAD. But CAD usually doesn't cause symptoms, so they may not know that they have it.</li> <li>Are older; your risk increases with age</li> <li>Are a man; it is more common in men than women</li> <li>Are Black or African American, especially if you have other conditions such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, high blood pressure, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartfailure.html">heart failure</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">chronic kidney disease</a></li> <li>Have a personal history of heartbeats that aren't regular (arrhythmia)</li> <li>Have a personal or family history of SCA or inherited disorders that can cause arrhythmia</li> <li>Have a problem with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">drug</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">alcohol use</a></li> <li>Have had a heart attack</li> <li>Have heart failure</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?</h3> <p>Usually, the first sign of SCA is loss of consciousness (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fainting.html">fainting</a>). This happens when the heart stops beating.</p> <p>Some people may have a racing heartbeat or feel dizzy or light-headed just before they faint. And sometimes people have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">chest pain</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">shortness of breath</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea, or vomiting</a> in the hour before they have an SCA.</p> <h3>How is sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) diagnosed?</h3> <p>SCA happens without warning and requires emergency treatment. Health care providers rarely diagnose SCA with medical tests as it's happening. Instead, it is usually diagnosed after it happens. Providers do this by ruling out other causes of a person's sudden collapse.</p> <p>If you are at high risk for SCA, your provider may refer you to a cardiologist, a doctor who specializes in heart diseases. The cardiologist may ask you to get various <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearthealthtests.html">heart health tests</a> to see how well you heart is working. He or she will work with you to decide whether you need treatment to prevent SCA.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?</h3> <p>SCA is an emergency. A person having SCA needs to be treated with a defibrillator right away. A defibrillator is a device sends an electric shock to the heart. The electric shock can restore a normal rhythm to a heart that's stopped beating. To work well, it needs to be done within minutes of the SCA.</p> <p>Most police officers, emergency medical technicians, and other first responders are trained and equipped to use a defibrillator. Call 9-1-1 right away if someone has signs or symptoms of SCA. The sooner you call for help, the sooner lifesaving treatment can begin.</p> <h3>What should I do if I think that someone has had an SCA?</h3> <p>Many public places such as schools, businesses, and airports have automated external defibrillators (AEDs). AEDs are special defibrillators that untrained people can use if they think that someone has had SCA. AEDS are programmed to give an electric shock if they detect a dangerous arrhythmia. This prevents giving a shock to someone who may have fainted but isn't having SCA.</p> <p>If you see someone who you think has had SCA, you should give <a href="cpr.html" tid="3639">cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)</a> until defibrillation can be done.</p> <p>People who are at risk for SCA may want to consider having an AED at home. Ask your cardiologist to help you decide whether having an AED in your home might help you.</p> <h3>What are the treatments after surviving sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)?</h3> <p>If you survive SCA, you'll likely be admitted to a hospital for ongoing care and treatment. In the hospital, your medical team will closely watch your heart. They may give you medicines to try to reduce the risk of another SCA.</p> <p>They will also try to find out what caused your SCA. If you're diagnosed with coronary artery disease, you may have an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html">angioplasty</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterybypasssurgery.html">coronary artery bypass surgery</a>. These procedures help restore blood flow through narrowed or blocked coronary arteries.</p> <p>Often, people who have had SCA get a device called an <a href="pacemakersandimplantabledefibrillators.html" tid="3447">implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)</a>. This small device is surgically placed under the skin in your chest or abdomen. An ICD uses electric pulses or shocks to help control dangerous arrhythmias.</p> <h3>Can sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) be prevented?</h3> <p>You may be able to lower your risk of SCA by following a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheartdisease.html">heart-healthy lifestyle</a>. If you have coronary artery disease or another heart disease, treating that disease can also lower your risk of SCA. If you have had an SCA, getting an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) can lower your chance of having another SCA.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Paro cardíaco Heart Arrest Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Arrhythmia CPR Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators Automated External Defibrillators Cardiac Arrest SCA Sudden Cardiac Death Start Here American Heart Association Find an Expert American Heart Association Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors American Heart Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Texas Heart Institute Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues American Heart Association Symptoms American Heart Association Prevention and Risk Factors National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Reference Desk National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Start Here Texas Heart Institute Teenagers Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Heart Rhythm Society Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Crib death SIDS <p>Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden, unexplained death of an infant younger than one year old. Some people call SIDS "crib death" because many babies who die of SIDS are found in their cribs. </p> <p>SIDS is the leading cause of death in children between one month and one year old. Most SIDS deaths occur when babies are between one month and four months old. Premature babies, boys, African Americans, and American Indian/Alaska Native infants have a higher risk of SIDS.</p> <p>Although the cause of SIDS is unknown, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk. These include:</p><ul> <li>Placing your baby on his or her back to sleep, even for short naps. "Tummy time" is for when babies are awake and someone is watching</li> <li>Having your baby sleep in your room for at least the first six months. Your baby should sleep close to you, but on a separate surface designed for infants, such as a crib or bassinet.</li> <li>Using a firm sleep surface, such as a crib mattress covered with a fitted sheet </li> <li>Keeping soft objects and loose bedding away from your baby's sleep area</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html">Breastfeeding</a> your baby</li> <li>Making sure that your baby doesn't get too hot. Keep the room at a comfortable temperature for an adult.</li> <li>Not smoking during pregnancy or allowing anyone to smoke near your baby</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Children and Teenagers Síndrome de muerte infantil súbita Sudden Infant Death Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Bereavement Crib Death SIDS Reference Desk Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development PDF NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <h3>What is suicide? </h3> <p>Suicide is the taking of one's own life. It is a death that happens when someone harms themselves because they want to end their life. A suicide attempt is when someone harms themselves to try to end their life, but they do not die.</p> <p>Suicide is a major public health problem and a leading cause of death in the United States. Both suicide and suicide attempts can have lasting harmful effects:</p> <ul> <li>People who survive a suicide attempt may have serious injuries that can affect their long-term health. They may also have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> or other mental health concerns.</li> <li>When people die by suicide, it affects their family, friends, and community. They may feel grief, shock, anger, and guilt. Some may develop <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">post-traumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD), depression, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>. They may also be at risk for suicidal thoughts.</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for suicide?</h3> <p>Suicide does not discriminate. It can touch anyone, anywhere, at any time. But there are certain factors that can contribute to the risk of suicide, including:</p><ul> <li>Having attempted suicide before</li> <li>Depression and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental health disorders</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">Alcohol</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">drug</a> use disorder</li> <li>Family history of a mental health disorder</li> <li>Family history of an alcohol or drug use disorder</li> <li>Family history of suicide</li> <li>Family violence, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intimatepartnerviolence.html">intimate partner violence</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html">child abuse</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html">sexual</a> abuse</li> <li>Having guns in the home</li> <li>Being in or having recently gotten out of prison or jail</li> <li>Being exposed to others' suicidal behavior, such as a family member, peer, or celebrity</li> <li>Medical illness, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">chronic pain</a></li> <li>Stressful life event, such as a job loss, financial problems, loss of a loved one, a breakup of a relationship, etc.</li> <li>Being between the ages of 15 and 24 years or over age 60</li> </ul> <h3>What are the warning signs for suicide?</h3> <p>The warning signs for suicide include:</p><ul> <li>Talking about wanting to die or wanting to kill oneself</li> <li>Making a plan or looking for a way to kill oneself, such as searching online</li> <li>Buying a gun or stockpiling pills</li> <li>Feeling empty, hopeless, trapped, or like there's no reason to live</li> <li>Being in unbearable pain</li> <li>Talking about being a burden to others</li> <li>Using more alcohol or drugs</li> <li>Acting anxious or agitated; behaving recklessly</li> <li>Sleeping too little or too much</li> <li>Withdrawing from family or friends or feeling isolated</li> <li>Showing rage or talking about seeking revenge</li> <li>Displaying extreme mood swings</li> <li>Saying good-bye to loved ones, putting affairs in order</li> </ul> <p>Some people may tell others about their suicidal thoughts. But others may try to hide them. This can make some of the signs harder to spot.</p> <h3>What should I do if I need help or know someone who does?</h3> <p>If you or someone you know has the warning signs for suicide, <strong>get help right away</strong>, especially if there is a change in behavior. If it is an emergency, dial 911. Otherwise there are five steps that you can take:</p><ul> <li><strong>Ask</strong> the person if they're thinking about killing themselves.</li> <li><strong>Keep them safe.</strong> Find out whether they have a plan for suicide and keep them away from things that they can use to kill themselves.</li> <li><strong>Be there with them.</strong> Listen carefully and find out what they are thinking and feeling.</li> <li><strong>Help them connect</strong> to resources that can help them, such as through: <ul> <li>Calling or texting the 988 Suicide &amp; Crisis Lifeline at 988.</li> <li>Chatting through <a href="https://988lifeline.org/chat/">Lifeline Chat.</a></li> <li>For veterans, reaching the Veterans Crisis Line by: <ul> <li>Calling 988 and then pressing 1.</li> <li>Texting to 838255.</li> <li><a href="https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/get-help-now/chat/">Chatting</a> with them.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Stay connected.</strong> Staying in touch after a crisis can make a difference.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Mental Health</p> Mental Health and Behavior Social/Family Issues Suicidio Suicide Suicidal Ideation Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Depression Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Mental Health NIH Start Here Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Prevention and Risk Factors Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Start Here Patient Handouts Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here Patient Handouts Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Start Here Patient Handouts Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert NAMI Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert American Psychological Association Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Specifics National Center for PTSD Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Mental Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Children American Academy of Pediatrics Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Mental Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Mental Health NIH <h3>¿Qué es el suicidio?</h3> <p>El suicidio es quitarse la vida. Es una muerte que pasa cuando alguien se hace daño porque quiere terminar con su vida. Un intento de suicidio es cuando alguien se hace daño para intentar terminar con su vida, pero no muere.</p> <p>El suicidio es una importante preocupación de salud pública y una de las causas principales de muerte en los Estados Unidos y el mundo. El suicidio y los intentos de suicidio pueden tener efectos dañinos duraderos:</p> <ul> <li>Las personas que sobreviven un intento de suicidio pueden tener lesiones severas que pueden afectar su salud a largo plazo. También pueden tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> u otros problemas de salud mental</li> <li>Cuando las personas mueren por suicidio, esto afecta a sus familiares, amigos y comunidades. Pueden sentir duelo, estrés agudo, enojo y culpa. Algunas personas pueden desarrollar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">estrés postraumático</a>, depresión o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a>. También pueden tener más riesgo de presentar pensamientos suicidas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de suicidio?</h3> <p>El suicidio no discrimina. Puede afectar a cualquier persona en cualquier momento. Sin embargo, hay ciertos factores que pueden contribuir al riesgo de suicidio, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Haber tenido un intento de suicidio previo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y otros <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">trastornos de salud mental</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">Trastorno por consumo de alcohol</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas</a></li> <li>Historia familiar de trastornos mentales</li> <li>Historia familiar de trastorno por consumo de alcohol o drogas</li> <li>Historia familiar de suicidio</li> <li>Violencia familiar, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/intimatepartnerviolence.html">violencia en la pareja</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childsexualabuse.html">abuso infantil</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html">agresión sexual</a></li> <li>Tener armas de fuego en casa</li> <li>Estar o haber estado recientemente en prisión</li> <li>Estar expuesto a comportamiento suicida de otros, como un familiar, compañero o celebridad</li> <li>Enfermedad crónica, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">dolor crónico</a></li> <li>Evento de vida estresante, como pérdida de trabajo, problemas financieros, pérdida de un ser querido, rompimiento de una relación, etc.</li> <li>Estar entre los 15 y 24 años de edad o tener más de 60 años</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son las señales de advertencia de suicidio?</h3> <p>Las señales de advertencia de suicidio incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Hablar acerca de querer morir o querer quitarse la vida</li> <li>Hacer un plan o buscar formas de quitarse la vida, como buscar en línea</li> <li>Comprar un arma de fuego o almacenar pastillas</li> <li>Sentirse vacío, sin esperanza, atrapado o como si no hubiera un motivo para vivir</li> <li>Sufrir dolor intolerable</li> <li>Hablar acerca de ser una carga para otros</li> <li>Usar más alcohol o drogas</li> <li>Actuar ansioso o agitado; comportarse imprudentemente</li> <li>Dormir muy poco o demasiado</li> <li>Evitar a la familia o amigos o sentirse aislado</li> <li>Mostrar ira o hablar acerca de venganza</li> <li>Mostrar cambios extremos de humor</li> <li>Despedirse de sus seres queridos, arreglar los asuntos pendientes</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas pueden decir a otros acerca de sus pensamientos suicidas. Sin embargo, otros pueden ocultarlos. Esto puede hacer que sea difícil identificar las advertencias.</p> <h3>¿Qué puedo hacer si necesito ayuda o conozco a alguien que la necesite?</h3> <p>Si usted o alguien que conoce presenta señales de advertencia de suicidio, <strong>obtenga ayuda inmediatamente</strong>, en especial si hay un cambio de comportamiento. Si es una emergencia, llame al 911. De otra forma, estas son cinco medidas que puede tomar:</p><ul> <li><strong>Pregunte</strong> a la persona si están pensando en quitarse la vida</li> <li><strong>Mantenga a la persona a salvo:</strong> Averigüe si tiene un plan para quitarse la vida y mantenga a la persona alejada de cosas que puede utilizar para suicidarse</li> <li><strong>Quédese con la persona:</strong> Escuche con atención y averigüe lo que piensan y sienten</li> <li><strong>Ayude a poner a la persona en contacto</strong> con recursos que pueden asistirle, como: <ul> <li>Llamar o enviar un mensaje de texto a la Línea de Prevención del Suicidio y Crisis al 988 (presione 2 para español)</li> <li>Hablar a través del <a href="https://988lifeline.org/es/chat/">chat de Lifeline</a></li> <li>Para veteranos, contactar a la Línea de Crisis para los Veteranos al: <ul> <li>Llamar al 988 y presionar 1</li> <li>Enviar un mensaje de texto al 838255</li> <li><a href="https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/es/como-ayudamos/chat/">Chatear</a> con el servicio</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Mantenerse en contacto:</strong> El mantenerse en contacto después de una crisis puede hacer una gran diferencia</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</p> Salud mental y conducta Asuntos sociales y familiares Suicide Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Depresión Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Organización Mundial de la Salud Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Sunburn <p>Ultraviolet (UV) rays are an invisible form of radiation. They can pass through your skin and damage your skin cells. Sunburns are a sign of skin damage. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tanning.html">Suntans</a> aren't healthy, either. They appear after the sun's rays have already killed some cells and damaged others. UV rays can cause skin damage during any season or at any temperature. They can also cause eye problems, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinaging.html">wrinkles</a>, skin spots, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html">skin cancer</a>.</p> <p>To protect yourself :</p><ul> <li> Stay out of the sun when it is strongest (between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.)</li> <li> Use sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher </li> <li> Wear protective clothing </li> <li> Wear wraparound sunglasses that provide 100% UV ray protection</li> <li> Avoid sunlamps and tanning beds </li> </ul> <p>Check your skin regularly for changes in the size, shape, color, or feel of birthmarks, moles, and spots. Such changes are a sign of skin cancer. </p> <p class="">Food and Drug Administration</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Exposición al sol Sunscreening Agents Sunbathing Sunburn Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese National Cancer Institute Heat Illness Melanoma Skin Cancer Tanning Actinic Keratosis Sunburn Sunscreen Ultraviolet Rays Related Issues VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues VisualDX Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues VisualDX Find an Expert Environmental Protection Agency Start Here Environmental Protection Agency Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Dermatology Related Issues VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PDF Journal Articles Children Food and Drug Administration Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here VisualDX Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Prevention and Risk Factors Food and Drug Administration Video Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Suplementos dietarios Suplementos dietéticos <p>Los suplementos en la dieta son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/minerals.html">minerales</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html">hierbas</a> y muchos otros productos. Pueden encontrarse en forma de pastillas, cápsulas, polvos, líquidos y barras energéticas. Los suplementos no necesitan ser sometidos a las pruebas que requieren los fármacos.</p> <p>Algunos suplementos pueden tener un papel importante en la salud. Por ejemplo, el calcio y la vitamina D son importantes para mantener unos huesos fuertes. Las mujeres embarazadas pueden tomar la vitamina ácido fólico para prevenir algunos defectos congénitos en sus bebés. </p> <p>Para tomar un suplemento con la mayor seguridad posible:</p> <ul> <li>Dígale al médico los suplementos que consume</li> <li>No tome dosis más altas que las recomendadas en la etiqueta</li> <li>Consulte con su proveedor de salud sobre los suplementos que toma si se va a someter a alguna cirugía</li> <li>Lea información confiable acerca del suplemento</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud </p> Alimentos y nutrición Terapias complementarias y alternativas Dietary Supplements Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Antioxidantes Calcio Medicina complementaria e integral Medicina herbaria Vitaminas Ácido fólico Dieta, Suplementos Oligoelementos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Video Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Operation <p>There are many reasons to have surgery. Some operations can relieve or prevent pain. Others can reduce a symptom of a problem or improve some body function. Some surgeries are done to find a problem. For example, a surgeon may do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>, which involves removing a piece of tissue to examine under a microscope. Some surgeries, like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartsurgery.html">heart surgery</a>, can save your life.</p> <p>Some operations that once needed large incisions (cuts in the body) can now be done using much smaller cuts. This is called laparoscopic surgery. Surgeons insert a thin tube with a camera to see, and use small tools to do the surgery.</p> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aftersurgery.html">After surgery</a> there can be a risk of complications, including infection, too much bleeding, reaction to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anesthesia.html">anesthesia</a>, or accidental injury. There is almost always some pain with surgery.</p> <p class="">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</p> Surgery and Rehabilitation Cirugía Surgical Procedures, Operative Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese After Surgery Anesthesia Heart Surgery Organ Transplantation Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Operation Second Opinion Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American College of Surgeons Find an Expert Society of Interventional Radiology NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Video Journal Articles Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Health Check Tools Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering NIH Specifics Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Joint Commission PDF Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Surgeons Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Dysphagia <p>If you have a swallowing disorder, you may have difficulty or pain when swallowing. Some people cannot swallow at all. Others may have trouble swallowing liquids, foods, or saliva. This makes it hard to eat. Often, it can be difficult to take in enough calories and fluids to nourish your body.</p> <p>Anyone can have a swallowing disorder, but it is more common in older adults. It often happens because of other conditions, including:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">Nervous system disorders</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson's disease</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebralpalsy.html">cerebral palsy</a></li> <li> Problems with your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html">esophagus,</a> including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">GERD</a> (gastroesophageal reflux disease)</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Stroke</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html">Head</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html">spinal cord </a> injury</li> <li> Cancer of the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html">head, neck</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/esophagealcancer.html">esophagus</a></li> </ul> <p>Medicines can help some people, while others may need surgery. Swallowing treatment with a speech-language pathologist can help. You may find it helpful to change your diet or hold your head or neck in a certain way when you eat. In very serious cases, people may need <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutritionalsupport.html">feeding tubes</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</p> Digestive System Problemas para tragar Deglutition Disorders Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian Vietnamese National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Esophagus Disorders GERD Dysphagia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Start Here American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Related Issues International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Jewish Health Specifics American Stroke Association Diagnosis and Tests American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Perspiration <p>Sweat is a clear, salty liquid produced by glands in your skin. Sweating is how your body cools itself. You sweat mainly under your arms and on your feet and palms. When sweat mixes with bacteria on your skin, it can cause a smell. Bathing regularly and using antiperspirants or deodorants can help control the odor. </p> <p>Sweating a lot is normal when it is hot or when you exercise, are anxious, or have a fever. It also happens during menopause. If you often sweat too much, it's called hyperhidrosis. Causes include thyroid or nervous system disorders, low blood sugar, or another health problem. </p> <p>Sweating too little, anhidrosis, can be life-threatening because your body can overheat. Causes of anhidrosis include dehydration, burns, and some skin and nerve disorders. </p> Skin, Hair and Nails Transpiración Sweat Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Hidradenitis Suppurativa Body Odor Hyperhidrosis Perspiration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images VisualDX Specifics American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation <p>Syphilis is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infection</a> (STI) caused by bacteria. It infects the genital area, lips, mouth, or anus of both men and women. You usually get syphilis from sexual contact with someone who has it. It can also pass from mother to baby during pregnancy.</p> <p>The early stage of syphilis usually causes a single, small, painless sore. Sometimes it causes swelling in nearby lymph nodes. If you do not treat it, syphilis usually causes a non-itchy skin rash, often on your hands and feet. Many people do not notice symptoms for years. Symptoms can go away and come back.</p> <p>The sores caused by syphilis make it easier to get or give someone <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> during sex. If you are pregnant, syphilis can cause complications, or you could lose your baby. In rare cases, syphilis causes serious health problems and even death.</p> <p>Syphilis is easy to cure with antibiotics if you catch it early. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading syphilis. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Sexual Health Issues Female Reproductive System Male Reproductive System Sífilis Syphilis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Sexually Transmitted Infections Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Images VisualDX Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Women March of Dimes Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Syringomyelia is a rare disorder that causes a cyst to form in your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcorddiseases.html">spinal cord</a>. This cyst, called a syrinx, gets bigger and longer over time, destroying part of the spinal cord. Damage to the spinal cord from the syrinx can cause symptoms such as :</p><ul> <li>Pain and weakness in the back, shoulders, arms or legs</li> <li>Headaches</li> <li>Inability to feel hot or cold</li> </ul> <p>Symptoms vary according to the size and location of the syrinx. They often begin in early adulthood. </p> <p>Syringomyelia usually results from a skull abnormality called a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chiarimalformation.html">Chiari I malformation</a>. A tumor, meningitis or physical trauma can also cause it. Surgery is the main treatment. Some people also need to have the syrinx drained. Medicines can help ease pain. In some cases, there are no symptoms, so you may not need treatment.</p> Brain and Nerves Siringomielia Syringomyelia Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More American Syringomyelia & Chiari Alliance Project Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Merck & Co., Inc. <p>La sífilis es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">infección de transmisión sexual</a> causada por una bacteria. Infecta el área genital, los labios, la boca o el ano y afecta tanto a los hombres como a las mujeres. Por lo general se adquiere por contacto sexual con una persona que la tiene. También puede pasar de la madre al bebé durante el embarazo.</p> <p>La etapa temprana de la sífilis suele causar una llaga única, pequeña e indolora. Algunas veces, causa inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos cercanos. Si no se trata, generalmente causa una erupción cutánea que no pica, frecuentemente en manos y pies. Muchas personas no notan los síntomas durante años. Los síntomas pueden desaparecer y aparecer nuevamente.</p> <p>Las llagas causadas por la sífilis facilitan adquirir o contagiar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> durante las relaciones sexuales. Si está embarazada, la sífilis puede causar complicaciones. En casos raros, la sífilis causa problemas de salud serios e incluso la muerte.</p> <p>Si se detecta a tiempo, la enfermedad se cura fácilmente con antibióticos. El uso correcto de preservativos de látex disminuye enormemente, aunque no elimina, el riesgo de adquirir y contagiarse la sífilis. Si usted o su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al látex</a>, puede usar condones de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor femenino Sistema reproductor masculino Syphilis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones de transmisión sexual Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Síndrome de Behçet <p>El síndrome de Behcet es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculitis.html">inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos</a> y que causa problemas en muchas partes del cuerpo. Los síntomas más comunes son:</p> <ul> <li> Llagas en la boca </li> <li> Llagas en los órganos sexuales </li> <li> Llagas en otras regiones de la piel </li> <li> Hinchazón de ciertas partes del ojo </li> <li> Dolor, hinchazón y rigidez de las articulaciones </li> </ul> <p>Los problemas más serios pueden incluir meningitis, coágulos sanguíneos, inflamación del sistema digestivo y ceguera. </p> <p>Los médicos no están seguros de cuál es la causa del síndrome de Behcet. Es poco frecuente en Estados Unidos, pero es común en el Medio Oriente y Asia. Afecta principalmente a las personas entre los 20 y los 30 años de edad. El diagnóstico puede tomarse mucho tiempo, ya que los síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer y quizá pueden pasar meses o años hasta que aparezcan todos los síntomas. </p> <p>No existe una cura. El tratamiento se enfoca en la disminución del dolor y la prevención de los problemas más graves. La mayoría de las personas pueden controlar los síntomas con el tratamiento. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Ojos y visión Salud oral y dental Piel, cabello y uñas Behcet's Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Behcet, Síndrome Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Hipercortisolismo <p>El síndrome de Cushing es es un trastorno hormonal. Es causado por la exposición prolongada a un exceso de cortisol, una hormona producida por las glándulas adrenales. Algunas veces, tomar medicinas con hormonas sintéticas para tratar una enfermedad inflamatoria conduce al síndrome de Cushing. Ciertos tipos de tumores producen una hormona que puede hacer que el cuerpo produzca demasiado cortisol. </p> <p>El síndrome de Cushing es raro. Algunos síntomas son:</p> <ul> <li> Obesidad en la parte superior del cuerpo </li> <li>Cara redondeada </li> <li> Brazos y piernas delgados </li> <li> Fatiga severa y debilidad muscular </li> <li>Presión arterial alta</li> <li> Aumento del azúcar en la sangre </li> <li>Aparición fácil de hematomas </li> </ul> <p>Los exámenes de laboratorio pueden diagnosticarlo y encontrar la causa. El tratamiento dependerá del motivo del exceso de cortisol. Si es porque toma hormonas sintéticas, una dosis más baja puede controlar los síntomas. Si es provocado por un tumor, puede ser necesaria una cirugía y otras terapias. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Sistema endocrino Cushing's Syndrome Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades de las glándulas suprarrenales Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>El síndrome de dolor regional complejo es una afección de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">dolor crónico</a>. Provoca dolor intenso, por lo general en los brazos, las manos, las piernas y los pies. Puede ocurrir después de una lesión en un nervio o en el tejido de un área afectada. Es posible que el reposo y el tiempo solamente lo empeoren. </p> <p>Los síntomas en el área afectada son:</p><ul> <li> Cambios extremos en la temperatura, textura y color de la piel</li> <li> Dolor candente </li> <li> Mayor sensibilidad de la piel </li> <li> Inflamación y rigidez en las articulaciones afectadas </li> <li> Disminución de la capacidad para mover la parte del cuerpo afectada</li> </ul> <p>La causa del síndrome de dolor regional complejo se desconoce. No hay un examen de diagnóstico específico. Su doctor diagnosticará el síndrome basándose en sus síntomas. </p> <p> No existe una cura. Puede empeorar con el tiempo y diseminarse a otras partes del cuerpo. En ocasiones, los síntomas desaparecen temporal o definitivamente. El tratamiento se enfoca en el alivio del dolor y puede incluir medicinas, fisioterapia y bloqueos nerviosos. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Dolor Distrofia simpática refleja Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Trisomía 21 <h3>¿Qué es el síndrome de Down?</h3> <p>El síndrome de Down es una afección en la que una persona tiene un cromosoma adicional o una parte adicional de un cromosoma. Esta copia adicional cambia la forma en que se desarrollan el cuerpo y el cerebro de un bebé. Esto puede causar desafíos tanto mentales como físicos durante la vida. Aunque las personas con síndrome de Down pueden actuar y verse de manera similar, cada persona tiene habilidades diferentes.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el síndrome de Down?</h3> <p>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/basica/cromosoma/">cromosomas</a> son pequeños "paquetes" en las células que contienen sus genes. Los genes contienen información, llamada ADN, que controla cómo se ve y cómo funciona su cuerpo. Las personas con síndrome de Down tienen una copia extra del cromosoma 21. En algunos casos, pueden tener una copia extra de parte del cromosoma. Tener una copia extra de un cromosoma se llama trisomía. Por ello, en ocasiones el síndrome de Down también se conoce como trisomía 21.</p> <p>En general, el síndrome de Down no se hereda. Ocurre por casualidad, como un error al dividirse las células durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalhealthanddevelopment.html">desarrollo temprano del feto</a>. No se sabe con certeza por qué ocurre el síndrome de Down o cuántos factores diferentes juegan un papel.</p> <p>Un factor que aumenta el riesgo de tener un bebé con síndrome de Down es la edad de la madre. Las mujeres mayores de 35 años tienen más probabilidades de tener un bebé con síndrome de Down.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de Down?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del síndrome de Down son diferentes en cada persona, y quienes tienen síndrome de Down pueden tener distintos problemas en varios momentos de sus vidas. Suelen tener discapacidades intelectuales de leves a moderadas. A menudo, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html">desarrollo se retrasa</a>. Por ejemplo, pueden comenzar a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandlanguageproblemsinchildren.html">hablar más tarde</a> que otros niños.</p> <p>Algunos de los signos físicos comunes del síndrome de Down incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Rostro plano</li> <li>Ojos que se inclinan hacia arriba</li> <li>Cuello corto</li> <li>Manos y pies pequeños</li> <li>Débil tono muscular</li> <li>Articulaciones sueltas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas causa el síndrome de Down?</h3> <p>Muchas personas con síndrome de Down presentan los signos físicos comunes y tienen una vida saludable. Pero algunas personas con síndrome de Down pueden tener uno o más defectos de nacimiento u otros problemas de salud. Algunos de los más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingproblemsinchildren.html">Pérdida de la audición</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">Apnea del sueño</a> (trastorno que provoca que deje de respirar repetidamente durante al dormir)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earinfections.html">Infecciones de oído</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyediseases.html">Enfermedades de los ojos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">Defectos cardíacos congénitos</a> (presentes al nacer)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/digestivediseases.html">Problemas digestivos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spineinjuriesanddisorders.html">Problemas con la parte superior de la columna</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome de Down?</h3> <p>Los profesionales de la salud pueden detectar el síndrome de Down durante el embarazo o después del nacimiento de un niño.</p> <p>Hay dos tipos básicos de pruebas que ayudan a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-sindrome-de-down/">detectar el síndrome de Down durante el embarazo</a>:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Las pruebas de detección prenatales</strong> pueden mostrar si su bebé por nacer tiene una probabilidad mayor o menor de tener síndrome de Down. Si una prueba de detección muestra que su bebé podría tener síndrome de Down, necesitará otra prueba para confirmarlo</li> <li><strong>Las pruebas de diagnóstico prenatal</strong> pueden diagnosticar o descartar el síndrome de Down mediante la verificación de los cromosomas en una muestra de células</li> </ul> <p>Estas pruebas tienen un pequeño riesgo de causar un aborto espontáneo, por lo que a menudo se realizan después de que una prueba de detección muestra que un bebé por nacer podría tener síndrome de Down</p> <p>Después de que nace un bebé, el profesional de la salud puede hacer un diagnóstico inicial de síndrome de Down basado en los signos físicos de la afección. El proveedor puede usar una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/">prueba genética de cariotipo</a> para confirmar el diagnóstico. La prueba puede detectar cromosomas adicionales en una muestra de sangre del bebé.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome de Down?</h3> <p>No existe un tratamiento único y estándar para el síndrome de Down. Los tratamientos se basan en las necesidades, fortalezas y limitaciones físicas e intelectuales de cada persona.</p> <p>Los servicios tempranos en la vida se enfocan en ayudar a los niños con síndrome de Down a desarrollar todo su potencial. Estos servicios incluyen terapias del habla, ocupacionales y físicas. En general, se ofrecen a través de programas de intervención temprana en cada estado del país. Los niños con síndrome de Down también pueden necesitar ayuda o atención adicional en la escuela, aunque muchos niños asisten a clases regulares.</p> <p>Dado que las personas con síndrome de Down pueden tener defectos de nacimiento y otros problemas de salud, necesitan atención médica constante. Es posible que deban someterse a ciertos exámenes de salud adicionales para detectar problemas que ocurren con más frecuencia en personas con síndrome de Down.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Genética y defectos congénitos Down Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Down, Síndrome de Mongolismo Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Genética Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adultos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Piel hiperelástica <p>El síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos (EDS, por sus siglas en inglés) es un grupo de trastornos hereditarios que debilitan el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/connectivetissuedisorders.html">tejido conectivo</a>. El tejido conectivo está formado por las proteínas que le brindan soporte a la piel, los huesos, los vasos sanguíneos y otros órganos. </p> <p>El EDS suele afectar la piel, las articulaciones y las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos. Los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Articulaciones inestables </li> <li> Vasos sanguíneos pequeños y frágiles </li> <li>Alteración del proceso de formación de cicatrices y curación de heridas </li> <li> Piel suave, aterciopelada y elástica que presenta hematomas con facilidad </li> </ul> <p>Existen muchos tipos de EDS. Pueden variar de leves a peligrosos para la vida. Aproximadamente 1 de cada 5.000 personas tiene EDS. No existe una cura. El tratamiento implica el control de los síntomas. También incluye aprender a proteger las articulaciones y prevenir lesiones.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Genética y defectos congénitos Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Síndrome de hipermovilidad Más información Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Más información Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>El síndrome de Guillain-Barré es un trastorno poco común que hace que el sistema inmunitario ataque el sistema nervioso periférico. Los nervios del sistema nervioso periférico conectan el cerebro y la médula espinal con el resto del cuerpo. La lesión de estos nervios dificulta la transmisión de las señales. Como resultado, los músculos tienen problemas para responder a las señales del cerebro. Nadie conoce la causa de este síndrome. Algunas veces, es desencadenado por una infección, una cirugía o una vacuna. </p> <p>El primer síntoma suele ser debilidad o una sensación de hormigueo en las piernas. La sensación puede extenderse a la parte superior del cuerpo. En casos severos, el paciente queda casi paralizado. Esto puede poner en riesgo la vida de la persona. Puede ser necesario usar un ventilador mecánico para ayudar con la respiración. Generalmente, los síntomas empeoran en un período de semanas y luego se estabilizan. </p> <p>El síndrome puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. Dentro de los exámenes médicos posibles se incluyen exámenes neurológicos y una punción lumbar. La mayoría de las personas se recupera. La recuperación puede tomar algunas semanas o algunos años. El tratamiento ayuda con los síntomas y puede incluir medicamentos o un procedimiento llamado intercambio de plasma. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Guillain-Barre Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Enfermedades autoinmunes Enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico Parálisis Guillain-Barré, Síndrome de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Internacional del Síndrome de Guillain-Barré PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <h3>¿Qué es el síndrome de Klinefelter?</h3> <p>El síndrome de Klinefelter es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">trastorno genético</a> que ocurre cuando un hombre nace con una copia extra del cromosoma X. El síndrome puede afectar diferentes etapas del desarrollo físico, del lenguaje y social. También suele causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/maleinfertility.html">infertilidad</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el síndrome de Klinefelter?</h3> <p>El síndrome de Klinefelter no se hereda. Es causado por un error aleatorio que ocurre cuando se forma un espermatozoide o un óvulo. Este error hace que un varón nazca con un cromosoma X extra.</p> <p>Los cromosomas son pequeños "paquetes" en las células que contienen sus genes. Los genes contienen información, llamada ADN, que controla cómo se ve y cómo funciona su cuerpo. Normalmente, usted nace con un conjunto de 46 cromosomas en cada célula, dos de los cuales son los cromosomas sexuales. Las mujeres suelen tener dos cromosomas X (XX) y los hombres suelen tener uno X y uno Y (XY). En el síndrome de Klinefelter, el varón suele tener dos cromosomas X y uno Y (XXY).</p> <p>En casos raros, un hombre podría tener XY en algunas células y XXY en otras. Esto se llama síndrome de Klinefelter en mosaico. Los hombres con síndrome de Klinefelter en mosaico pueden tener menos síntomas, según la cantidad de células XY que tengan en el cuerpo y dónde se encuentren.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de Klinefelter?</h3> <p>Algunos hombres con síndrome de Klinefelter pueden no tener síntomas o tener síntomas muy leves. Por ello, es posible que no sepan que tienen la afección o que no se les diagnostique de inmediato. En otros casos, los síntomas pueden ser más severos.</p> <p>Los niños con síndrome de Klinefelter pueden ser más altos que otros niños de su edad y tener más grasa alrededor del abdomen. Después de la pubertad, pueden tener:</p> <ul> <li>Testículos y pene más pequeño</li> <li>Crecimiento de los senos (llamado ginecomastia)</li> <li>Menos vello facial y corporal</li> <li>Menor tono muscular</li> <li>Hombros más estrechos y caderas más anchas</li> <li>Huesos más débiles</li> <li>Disminución del interés sexual</li> <li>Baja energía</li> </ul> <p>Muchos de estos síntomas ocurren debido a la baja testosterona en el cuerpo. La testosterona es la principal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormona</a> sexual masculina.</p> <p>Los niños con síndrome de Klinefelter también pueden tener problemas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html">aprendizaje</a> o del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">lenguaje</a>. Estos problemas pueden afectarlos socialmente, por lo que pueden ser tímidos y callados y tener problemas para adaptarse.</p> <p>La mayoría de los hombres con síndrome de Klinefelter son infértiles porque producen poco o nada de esperma.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome de Klinefelter?</h3> <p>Una prueba genética llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/">prueba de cariotipo</a> puede diagnosticar el síndrome de Klinefelter. Esta prueba puede mostrar si hay cromosomas anormales, incluso si hay un cromosoma X adicional.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome de Klinefelter?</h3> <p>El síndrome no tiene cura, pero hay tratamientos disponibles. Cuanto antes se inicie el tratamiento, mejor. Si el tratamiento se inicia en la pubertad temprana, es probable que ayude a reducir los síntomas.</p> <p>Los tratamientos para el síndrome de Klinefelter pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Terapia de reemplazo de testosterona</li> <li>Cirugía para extirpar o reducir los senos</li> <li>Terapia física, del habla, conductual y ocupacional</li> </ul> <p>En algunos casos, los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">tratamientos de fertilidad</a> pueden ayudar a los hombres con síndrome de Klinefelter a tener hijos.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano </p> Genética y defectos congénitos Hombres Klinefelter Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Síndrome de compresión del desfiladero torácico Síndrome de la abertura torácica superior Síndrome de salida torácica superior Síndrome del conducto de salida torácica Síndrome del desfiladero torácico Síndrome del estrecho torácico Síndrome del estrecho torácico superior <p>El síndrome del estrecho torácico o síndrome de la salida torácica superior causa dolor en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html">hombro</a>, el brazo y el cuello. Esto ocurre cuando los nervios o los vasos sanguíneos justo debajo del cuello están comprimidos o apretados. La compresión puede ocurrir entre los músculos del cuello y el hombro o entre la primera costilla y la clavícula. Puede sentir ardor, hormigueo y entumecimiento a lo largo de su brazo, mano y dedos. Si un nervio está comprimido, también puede sentir debilidad en la mano. Si una vena está comprimida, su mano puede volverse sensible al frío, o ponerse pálida o azulada. Es posible que su brazo se hinche y se canse fácilmente.</p> <p>Este síndrome es más común en las mujeres. Por lo general, comienza entre los 20 y 50 años de edad. Los doctores realizan pruebas de nervios y de imagen para diagnosticarlo.</p> <p>El síndrome de salida torácica tiene muchas causas, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Lesiones</li> <li>Defectos anatómicos</li> <li>Tumores que presionan los nervios</li> <li>Postura deficiente que causa la compresión del nervio</li> <li>Embarazo</li> <li>Movimientos repetitivos de brazos y hombros y actividad física, como por ejemplo jugar ciertos deportes</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento depende de la causa del síndrome. Los medicamentos, la fisioterapia y la relajación pueden ayudar. La cirugía también puede ser una opción. La mayoría de las personas se recupera.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Lesiones y enfermedades del hombro Salida torácica, Síndrome Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>El síndrome de las piernas inquietas causa un deseo irresistible de mover sus piernas. Sus piernas se sienten incómodas cuando se acuesta o se sienta. Algunas personas lo describen como una sensación de que algo se arrastra o trepa por sus piernas, hormigueo o un ardor. El movimiento ayuda a sentirse mejor, pero no durante mucho tiempo. El síndrome de piernas inquietas puede ocasionar problemas para quedarse y permanecer dormido. </p> <p>En la mayoría de los casos, no hay una causa conocida de este síndrome. En otros, es producto de una enfermedad o un cuadro como la anemia o el embarazo. Algunas medicinas también pueden causar síndrome de piernas inquietas temporal. La cafeína, el tabaco y el alcohol pueden empeorar los síntomas.</p> <p>Los cambios en el estilo de vida, como lo son los hábitos para dormir, las técnicas de relajación y el ejercicio moderado durante el día, pueden ser útiles. Si eso no funciona, las medicinas pueden reducir los síntomas del síndrome.</p> <p>La mayoría de las personas con el síndrome también padecen una afección llamada síndrome de movimientos periódicos de las piernas. Este trastorno consiste en el movimiento descontrolado de las piernas de una persona, usualmente mientras duerme. Ambos síndromes también pueden afectar a los brazos. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Cerebro y nervios Restless Legs Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Piernas inquietas, Síndrome de Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH <p>El síndrome de Marfan es un trastorno que afecta el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/connectivetissuedisorders.html">tejido conectivo</a>. El tejido conectivo está formado por las proteínas que le brindan apoyo a la piel, los huesos, los vasos sanguíneos y otros órganos. Una de estas proteínas es la fibrilina. El síndrome de Marfan es el resultado de un problema con el gen de la fibrilina. </p> <p>El síndrome de Marfan puede ser de leve a severo y los síntomas pueden variar. Las personas con síndrome de Marfan suelen ser muy altas, delgadas y con articulaciones flexibles. La mayoría de las personas con síndrome de Marfan tienen problemas de corazón y los vasos sanguíneos, tales como debilidad en la aorta o fugas en las válvulas cardíacas. También pueden tener problemas con los huesos, los ojos, la piel, el sistema nervioso y los pulmones. </p> <p>No hay una prueba específica para el síndrome de Marfan. Su doctor puede usar su historia clínica, historia familiar y un examen físico para diagnosticarlo. El síndrome no tiene cura, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar a atrasar o prevenir complicaciones. Estos incluyen medicamentos, cirugía y otras terapias. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Genética y defectos congénitos Marfan Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Marfan, Síndrome de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación para el Síndrome de Marfan PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación para el Síndrome de Marfan PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación para el Síndrome de Marfan PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación para el Síndrome de Marfan PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación para el Síndrome de Marfan PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación para el Síndrome de Marfan PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación para el Síndrome de Marfan PDF Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Muerte en la cuna Síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante <p>El síndrome de muerte súbita infantil es la muerte repentina e inexplicable de un niño menor de un año de edad. Algunas personas llaman este síndrome "muerte en la cuna" porque muchos casos de bebés muertos son encontrados en sus cunas. </p> <p>El síndrome de muerte súbita infantil es la principal causa de muerte en niños entre un mes y un año de vida. La mayoría de los casos ocurre cuando los bebés tienen entre dos y cuatro meses de edad. Los bebés prematuros, varones, afroamericanos y indioamericanos o nativos de Alaska tienen un mayor riesgo de este síndrome. </p> <p>Aunque no se conocen las causas del síndrome de muerte súbita infantil, hay formas de disminuir los riesgos. Estas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Poner a los bebés de espaldas para dormir. Ponerlos de estómago es para cuando los bebés están despiertos y hay alguien observándolos </li> <li> Dejar a su bebé dormir en su habitación por lo menos durante los primeros seis meses. Su bebé debe dormir cerca de usted, pero en un lugar aparte diseñado para bebés, como una cuna o un moisés</li> <li>Colocarlos sobre una superficie firme al dormir, tal como un colchón de una cuna cubierto con una sábana ajustada </li> <li> Mantener los objetos blandos y la ropa de cama suelta alejados del área de dormir </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html">Amamantar</a> al bebé</li> <li>Asegurarse que los bebés no tengan demasiado calor. Mantenga la habitación a una temperatura cómoda para un adulto</li> <li>No fume cuando esté embarazada y tampoco deje que otras personas lo hagan cerca de su bebé</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano </p> Niños y adolescentes Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Pérdida de un ser querido Muerte infantil súbita, Síndrome de SMIS Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano PDF NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano PDF NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <h3>¿Qué es el síndrome de ovario poliquístico?</h3> <p>El síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) es el nombre que recibe un conjunto de síntomas relacionados con un desequilibrio <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonal</a>. El síndrome afecta a los ovarios, así como a muchas otras partes del cuerpo.</p> <p>Las personas con síndrome de ovario poliquístico suelen tener al menos dos de estos problemas:</p> <ul> <li><strong>No ovular</strong>: Normalmente, los ovarios producen el óvulo que se libera cada mes como parte de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">ciclo menstrual</a> saludable. Esto se conoce como ovulación. Pero con el síndrome de ovario poliquístico, el óvulo puede no desarrollarse como debería o puede que no se libere durante la ovulación. Sus períodos pueden ser irregulares o puede que no los tenga en absoluto</li> <li><strong>Altos niveles de andrógenos</strong>: Los andrógenos son importantes hormonas para el desarrollo sexual normal del hombre. En general, las mujeres producen una menor cantidad de andrógenos. Tener niveles más altos de andrógenos puede provocar que tenga más vello corporal o facial (lo que se conoce como hirsutismo)</li> <li><strong>Quistes en uno o ambos ovarios</strong>: Los quistes son crecimientos de pequeñas bolsas llenas de líquido</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa el síndrome de ovario poliquístico?</h3> <p>No se conoce la causa exacta del SOP. Las investigaciones han demostrado que pueden influir diferentes factores, entre ellos:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Genética</strong>: El SOP tiende a ser hereditario</li> <li><strong>Desequilibrios en los niveles de andrógenos</strong></li> <li><strong>Resistencia a la insulina</strong>: Esta afección ocurre cuando el cuerpo no puede usar la insulina como debería. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda a transportar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">glucosa en la sangre</a> a las células para darles energía. La resistencia a la insulina puede causar niveles altos de glucosa en sangre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de ovario poliquístico?</h3> <p>El SOP suele desarrollarse a los 11 o 12 años, cerca del momento de la primera menstruación, pero también puede presentarse más adelante.</p> <p>Los síntomas pueden variar de persona a persona. Algunas presentan pocos o ningún síntoma. Es posible que no sepan que tienen el síndrome hasta que presentan problemas para quedar embarazadas. Otras pueden presentar síntomas más graves.</p> <p>Los síntomas del síndrome de ovario poliquístico pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Períodos menstruales irregulares o ausentes</li> <li>Demasiado vello en la cara, el pecho, el abdomen o los muslos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">Obesidad</a>, aumento de peso o problemas para perder peso</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html">Acné</a> severo que puede ser difícil de tratar</li> <li>Piel grasa</li> <li>Manchas de piel oscura y engrosada (llamadas acantosis nigricans o pigmentaria)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html">Infertilidad</a>: El síndrome de ovario poliquístico es una de las causas más comunes de infertilidad. Sin embargo, muchas personas con SOP pueden quedar embarazadas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué otros problemas de salud se relacionan con el síndrome de ovario poliquístico?</h3> <p>El síndrome de ovario poliquístico está relacionado con muchos otros problemas de salud, entre ellos:</p> <ul> <li>Resistencia a la insulina, que puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prediabetes.html">prediabetes</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">Enfermedad del corazón</a>: Tener síndrome de ovario poliquístico aumenta el riesgo, el que se incrementa con la edad</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial alta</a></li> <li><a href="../spanish/ldlthebadcholesterol.html" tid="6784">Colesterol "malo" (LDL)</a> alto y <a href="../spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html" tid="6786">colesterol "bueno" (HDL)</a> bajo. Esto aumenta el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades del corazón</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">Apnea del sueño</a>, un trastorno que hace que deje de respirar repetidamente al dormir</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a></li> </ul> <p>Aunque existe una relación entre el SOP y estas afecciones, los investigadores no saben si:</p> <ul> <li>El SOP causa algunos de estos problemas</li> <li>Algunos de estos problemas causan el SOP, o</li> <li>Hay otras afecciones que causan tanto el síndrome como los problemas de salud mencionados</li> </ul> <p>No todas las personas que tienen síndrome de ovario poliquístico presentarán todos estos problemas. Sin embargo, es posible que usted y su profesional de la salud quieran controlar su salud para detectar signos de ellos, para que puedan tratarse de manera temprana.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome de ovario poliquístico?</h3> <p>No existe una prueba específica para el SOP. Para averiguar si lo tiene, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Realizará un examen físico, incluyendo la búsqueda de signos físicos del síndrome</li> <li>Preguntará sobre su historia clínica y sus antecedentes familiares de salud</li> <li>Puede hacer un examen pélvico para verificar si hay signos de más hormonas masculinas y para ver si sus ovarios están agrandados o hinchados</li> <li>Es posible que le pidan una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">ecografía</a></li> pélvica para buscar quistes en los ovarios y controlar el grosor del endometrio (el revestimiento del útero o matriz) <li>Es posible que le soliciten análisis de sangre, incluyendo pruebas para medir sus niveles hormonales</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome de ovario poliquístico?</h3> <p>El SOP no tiene cura, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas. Estos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cambios en el estilo de vida</strong>: Pueden ayudar a reducir muchos síntomas. También pueden bajar el riesgo de sufrir problemas de salud relacionados o ayudar a controlarlos. Estos cambios incluyen: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">Mantener un peso saludable</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Hacer actividad física regularmente</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html">Consumir alimentos saludables</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong>: <ul> <li>Los <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">anticonceptivos</a> hormonales</strong>, como las píldoras, las inyecciones y los dispositivos intrauterinos, pueden hacer que su período sea más regular. También pueden ayudar a eliminar el acné y la mayor cantidad de vello en su rostro y cuerpo. Pero solo los usaría si no desea quedar embarazada</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos antiandrógenos</strong>: Bloquean el efecto de los andrógenos. Esto puede ayudar a reducir la caída del cabello en la cabeza, el crecimiento del vello facial y corporal y el acné. Los profesionales de la salud los usan para ayudar con estos síntomas, pero los medicamentos antiandrógenos no están aprobados por la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los EE. UU. (FDA) para tratar el SOP. Estos medicamentos pueden causar problemas durante el embarazo. Su proveedor de atención médica puede indicarle que los tome junto con anticonceptivos para evitar el embarazo</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos sensibilizadores a la insulina</strong>: Se usan para tratar la diabetes tipo 2. Mejoran la resistencia a la insulina y mantienen estables los niveles de glucosa en sangre. También pueden bajar los niveles de andrógenos. No están aprobados por la FDA para tratar el SOP, pero pueden ayudar con los síntomas</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos para el acné</strong>. Estas disponibles como pastillas, cremas o geles</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Tratamientos para la depilación</strong>, como cremas depilatorias faciales, depilación láser y electrólisis</li> <li><strong>Tratamientos de fertilidad</strong> si tiene problemas para quedar embarazada. Incluyen medicamentos y procedimientos como la <a href="../spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html" tid="6243">fertilización in vitro (FIV)</a></li> </ul> Mujeres Sistema endocrino Sistema reproductor femenino Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Quistes ováricos Ovario poliquístico, Síndrome Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>El síndrome de Prader-Willi es un trastorno genético poco común. Provoca disminución de la fuerza muscular, bajos niveles de hormonas sexuales y una sensación constante de hambre. La parte del cerebro que controla la saciedad o el hambre no funciona como debe en las personas con este síndrome. Ellos comen de manera excesiva, causando <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesityinchildren.html">obesidad</a>. </p> <p>Los bebés con el síndrome de Prader-Willi suelen tener tejidos flojos, con poca fuerza muscular y tienen dificultades para mamar. Los niños pueden tener testículos no descendidos. Más adelante, aparecen otros signos. Entre ellos:</p><ul> <li>Baja estatura</li> <li>Habilidades motoras deficientes</li> <li>Aumento de peso</li> <li>Organos sexuales poco desarrollados</li> <li>Discapacidad mental leve y discapacidades en el aprendizaje</li> </ul> <p>No existe una cura para el síndrome de Prader-Willi. La hormona de crecimiento, ejercicio y asistencia nutricional puede ayudar a generar masa muscular y controlar el peso. Otros tratamientos pueden incluir hormonas sexuales y terapia conductual. La mayoría de las personas con esta afección necesitará cuidados especiales y supervisión constante durante sus vidas. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Salud mental y conducta Genética y defectos congénitos Prader-Willi Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Prader-Willi, Síndrome de Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>El síndrome de Rett es una rara enfermedad genética que causa problemas en el desarrollo y en el sistema nervioso, la mayoría en niñas. Se relaciona con el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html">trastorno del espectro autista</a>. Al principio, las bebés con síndrome de Rett parecen crecer y desarrollarse con normalidad. Sin embargo, entre los tres meses y los tres años detienen su desarrollo e inclusive pueden perder algunas habilidades. Los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Pérdida del habla</li> <li>Pérdida de los movimientos de las manos, tales como agarrar las cosas</li> <li> Movimientos compulsivos como retorcerse las manos</li> <li> Problemas de equilibrio </li> <li> Problemas respiratorios </li> <li> Problemas de conducta</li> <li> Problemas de aprendizaje o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html">discapacidad intelectual</a> </li> </ul> <p>El síndrome de Rett no tiene cura. Algunos síntomas pueden tratarse con medicinas, cirugía y fisioterapia o terapia del lenguaje. La mayoría de las personas con síndrome de Rett vive hasta la edad madura o más. Suelen necesitar cuidados durante toda su vida.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano </p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Rett Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Enfermedades neurodegenerativas Trastorno del espectro autista Trastornos del desarrollo Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Genética Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>El síndrome de Reye es una enfermedad rara que puede afectar la sangre, el hígado y el cerebro de una persona que tuvo una infección viral recientemente. Siempre sigue a otra enfermedad. Cualquier persona puede tenerlo, aunque afecta principalmente a los niños y adolescentes. Puede aparecer rápidamente y sin signos de advertencia. Es más común en la época de gripe. Los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Nausea y vómitos </li> <li> Desgano </li> <li> Cambio de personalidad: como la irritabilidad, agresividad o confusión </li> <li> Delirio </li> <li> Convulsiones </li> <li> Pérdida del conocimiento </li> </ul> <p>Si estos síntomas ocurren poco tiempo después de una enfermedad viral, busque atención médica inmediatamente. El síndrome de Reye puede causarle coma y muerte cerebral, de modo que el diagnóstico y tratamiento rápido es importante. El tratamiento se enfoca en la prevención del daño cerebral. No existe una cura.</p> <p>La causa del síndrome de Reye no se conoce. Sin embargo, los estudios demostraron que tomar aspirina aumenta el riesgo de adquirirlo. Por ese motivo, los profesionales de la salud recomiendan otros analgésicos para los pacientes jóvenes.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Reye Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Reye, Síndrome de Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría <h3>¿Qué es el síndrome de Sjögren?</h3> <p>El síndrome de Sjögren, también llamado enfermedad de Sjögren, es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">afección autoinmune</a> crónica (de larga duración). Cuando tiene una enfermedad autoinmune, su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> ataca por error a tejidos y órganos sanos. En el síndrome de Sjögren, su sistema inmunitario ataca las glándulas que producen humedad en los ojos, la boca y otras partes del cuerpo. Esto causa <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drymouth.html">boca</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tears.html">ojos</a> secos. Es posible que tenga sequedad en otros órganos que necesitan humedad, como la nariz, la garganta y la piel. La enfermedad de Sjögren también puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo, incluyendo articulaciones, pulmones, riñones, vasos sanguíneos, órganos digestivos y nervios.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el síndrome de Sjögren?</h3> <p>Normalmente, su sistema inmunitario protege al cuerpo de infecciones y enfermedades. Pero con el síndrome de Sjögren y otras afecciones autoinmunes, su sistema inmunitario ataca tejidos y órganos sanos. Los investigadores no saben bien qué causa que el sistema inmunitario haga esto. Pero piensan que es causada por una combinación de factores genéticos y ambientales. Los estudios han relacionado el síndrome de Sjögren con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetica/entender/variantesytrastornos/genvariante/">cambios genéticos</a> en varios genes. Algunos investigadores también piensan que la enfermedad puede ser provocada por algo en el medio ambiente. Por ejemplo, que un posible desencadenante podría ser una infección previa por un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virus</a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">bacteria</a>.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar el síndrome de Sjögren?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas con síndrome de Sjögren son mujeres. Puede tenerlo a cualquier edad, pero es más común en personas entre 40 y 50 años.</p> <p>El síndrome de Sjögren es más común en personas que padecen otras enfermedades autoinmunes como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html">artritis reumatoide</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lupus.html">lupus</a>. Esto se conoce como síndrome de Sjögren <strong>secundario</strong>. Las personas que no padecen otra enfermedad autoinmune tienen una <strong>forma primaria</strong> del síndrome de Sjögren.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de Sjögren?</h3> <p>El síndrome de Sjögren puede tener diferentes efectos en el cuerpo. No todos muestran los mismos síntomas. Algunos presentan ciclos de síntomas leves y luego serios.</p> <p>Los dos síntomas principales son:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Ojos secos:</strong> Es posible que le ardan los ojos, le piquen o sienta que tienen arena. A veces, su visión puede ser borrosa o las luces brillantes pueden molestarle</li> <li><strong>Boca seca:</strong> Su lengua y garganta pueden sentirse secas. Es posible que tenga problemas para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/swallowingdisorders.html">tragar</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">hablar</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tasteandsmelldisorders.html">saborear</a></li> </ul> <p>El síndrome de Sjögren también puede afectar otras partes del cuerpo, causando síntomas como:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor articular y muscular</li> <li>Piel seca</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">Sarpullido</a> en la piel de manos o pies</li> <li>Entumecimiento u hormigueo en las manos o los pies</li> <li>Sequedad vaginal</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a> seca que no desaparece</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a> que no mejora</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome de Sjögren?</h3> <p>No existe una prueba única para el síndrome de Sjögren. Para saber si lo tiene, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Le preguntará sobre su historia clínica y sus síntomas</li> <li>Hará un examen físico, que incluye comprobar si hay signos de boca seca y de enfermedades autoinmunes relacionadas</li> <li>Puede solicitar pruebas, incluyendo: <ul> <li>Pruebas de los ojos para ver si produce una cantidad normal de lágrimas y para saber si sus ojos han sido dañados por la sequedad</li> <li>Pruebas de glándulas salivales para medir cuánta saliva produce su boca. Puede incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de imágenes</a> y una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">biopsia</a></li> <li>Análisis de sangre</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome de Sjögren?</h3> <p>No existe cura para el síndrome de Sjögren. El tratamiento busca aliviar los síntomas. Los tratamientos pueden ser diferentes para cada persona, dependiendo de qué partes del cuerpo estén afectadas. Puede incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Gotas para los ojos (lágrimas artificiales) o ungüentos para aliviar la sequedad en los ojos</li> <li>Sustitutos de la saliva</li> <li>Medicamentos recetados que hacen que las glándulas salivales produzcan más saliva</li> <li>Un procedimiento menor que coloca pequeños tapones del conducto lagrimal en las esquinas de los ojos. Los tapones bloquean el drenaje de las lágrimas para que permanezcan en los ojos por más tiempo</li> <li>Medicamentos para ayudar con otros síntomas causados por el síndrome de Sjögren, como medicamentos para el dolor y la inflamación</li> <li>Medicamentos que suprimen (debilitan) su sistema inmunitario (para casos graves)</li> </ul> <p>También puede intentar aliviar algunos de sus síntomas chupando dulces sin azúcar, bebiendo agua con frecuencia, aumentando la humedad de su habitación y no fumando. Debido a que tener la boca seca puede aumentar el riesgo de caries, es importante cuidar bien los dientes y visitar al dentista con regularidad.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Sistema inmunitario Sjogren's Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Artritis Boca seca Lágrimas Sjögren, Síndrome de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Estadounidense contra el Lupus Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología <p>Si usted tiene síndrome de Tourette, realiza movimientos o sonidos fuera de lo normal, llamados tics, con poco o ningún control sobre éstos. Algunos tics comunes son parpadear y carraspear. Es posible que repita las palabras, gire o, rara vez, diga palabras groseras repentinamente. </p> <p>El síndrome de Tourette es un trastorno del sistema nervioso. Suele ocurrir con otros problemas, como:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html">Trastorno de atención con hiperactividad</a> (TDAH)</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html">Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo</a> (TOC)</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">Ansiedad</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a></li> </ul> <p>Se desconoce la causa del síndrome de Tourette. Es más común entre los niños que entre las niñas. Los tics suelen comenzar en la infancia y pueden empeorar al inicio de la adolescencia. Muchas personas eventualmente los superan.</p> <p>No se necesita tratamiento a menos que los tics interfieran con la vida cotidiana. El entusiasmo o la preocupación pueden empeorar los tics. Las actividades tranquilas y focalizadas suelen mejorar los síntomas. Las medicinas y la terapia de conversación también pueden ayudar. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Tourette Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Tics Tourette, Síndrome Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación para el Síndrome de Tourette Spanish/Español Síntomas Asociación para el Síndrome de Tourette Spanish/Español Genética Asociación para el Síndrome de Tourette Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación para el Síndrome de Tourette Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación para el Síndrome de Tourette Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Síntomas Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Síndrome 45,X Síndrome 45,X/46,XX <h3>¿Qué es el síndrome de Turner?</h3> <p>El síndrome de Turner es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/geneticdisorders.html">trastorno genético</a> que afecta el desarrollo y la apariencia de una niña. También puede causar problemas de salud como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/femaleinfertility.html">infertilidad</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">problemas del corazón</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el síndrome de Turner?</h3> <p>El síndrome de Turner ocurre debido a un problema con un cromosoma. Los cromosomas son pequeños "paquetes" en sus células que contienen sus genes. Los genes tienen información, llamada ADN, que controla cómo se ve y cómo funciona su cuerpo. Normalmente, las niñas reciben un cromosoma X de cada padre. El síndrome de Turner ocurre cuando falta parcial o completamente uno de los cromosomas X.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome de Turner?</h3> <p>El síndrome de Turner puede causar muchos síntomas diferentes. Los síntomas pueden ser leves para algunas personas. Pero para otras, el síndrome de Turner puede provocar serios problemas de salud.</p> <p>Algunos de los síntomas del síndrome de Turner afectan la apariencia de una persona. La mayoría de las personas con síndrome de Turner son más bajas que el promedio. También pueden tener características físicas como:</p> <ul> <li>Un cuello corto y con piel adicional (cuello con pliegues o "palmeado")</li> <li>Una línea de nacimiento de cabello baja en la espalda</li> <li>Orejas con una posición baja</li> <li>Manos y pies hinchados</li> </ul> <p>Las personas con síndrome de Turner pueden nacer con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">defectos cardíacos</a> y renales. En general, no tienen un desarrollo sexual típico y son infértiles. También corren el riesgo de tener otras afecciones de salud, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">diabetes tipo 2</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">problemas de tiroides.</a></p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome de Turner?</h3> <p>Los profesionales de la salud diagnostican el síndrome de Turner según los síntomas y un análisis de sangre genético llamado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-cariotipo/">prueba de cariotipo</a>. A veces, se encuentra en las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prenataltesting.html">pruebas prenatales</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome de Turner?</h3> <p>No existe una cura para el síndrome de Turner, pero existen tratamientos para algunos de los síntomas:</p> <ul> <li>Si se inician en la infancia temprana, a menudo <strong>inyecciones de hormonas</strong> pueden aumentar la estatura adulta en unas pocas pulgadas</li> <li>La <strong>terapia de reemplazo de estrógeno</strong> (ERT) puede ayudar a iniciar el desarrollo sexual. También protege contra la pérdida ósea</li> <li>Las <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">tecnologías de reproducción asistida</a></strong> pueden ayudar a algunas mujeres con síndrome de Turner a quedar embarazadas</li> </ul> <p>Las personas que tienen síndrome de Turner necesitan controles de salud regulares. También es importante que cuenten con un equipo de atención que incluya especialistas que puedan tratar los problemas de salud causados por esta afección.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano </p> Genética y defectos congénitos Sistema endocrino Turner Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>El síndrome de Usher es una enfermedad hereditaria que causa una pérdida grave de la audición y retinitis pigmentosa, un trastorno ocular que causa un deterioro de la visión con el tiempo. Es la afección más común que afecta tanto la audición como la visión. </p> <p>Existen tres tipos de síndrome de Usher:</p><ul> <li> Las personas con tipo I son sordas de nacimiento y tienen problemas de equilibrio grave desde una edad temprana. Los problemas de visión por lo general comienzan a los 10 años y conducen a la ceguera </li> <li> Las personas con tipo II tienen sordera moderada a severa y equilibrio normal. Los problemas de visión empiezan a principios de la adolescencia y empeoran más lentamente que en el tipo I </li> <li> Las personas con tipo III nacen con audición normal y equilibrio casi normal, pero desarrollan problemas a la vista y luego pérdida de la audición </li> </ul> <p>No hay cura. Dispositivos tales como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingaids.html">audífonos</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cochlearimplants.html">implantes cocleares</a> pueden ayudar a algunas personas. Capacitación en lenguaje Braille, servicios de baja visión o entrenamiento auditivo también puede ayudar. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación </p> Ojos y visión Oído, nariz y garganta Genética y defectos congénitos Usher Syndrome Instituto Nacional del Ojo Usher, Síndrome Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Síndrome del colon irritable <p>El síndrome del intestino irritable es un problema que afecta al intestino grueso. Puede causar cólicos abdominales, distensión y cambios en los hábitos intestinales. Algunas personas con este trastorno tienen estreñimiento, otras tienen diarrea. Algunas pasan de un cuadro de estreñimiento a uno de diarrea. Aun cuando el síndrome del intestino irritable puede causar muchas molestias, no daña el intestino. </p> <p>El síndrome del intestino irritable es un cuadro común. Las mujeres lo sufren el doble más que en los hombres, y es más común en personas menores de 45 años. No se conoce la causa exacta de este síndrome, ni tampoco existe una prueba específica para diagnosticarlo. Su médico puede realizar exámenes para estar seguros que no tiene otras enfermedades. Estas pruebas pueden incluir análisis de heces, de sangre y radiografías. El médico también puede practicarle un estudio llamado sigmoidoscopía o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/colonoscopy.html">colonoscopía</a>. La mayoría de las personas con diagnóstico de síndrome del intestino irritable puede controlar sus síntomas con dieta, manejo del estrés, probióticos y medicinas. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Irritable Bowel Syndrome Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Colon irritable, Síndrome de Intestino irritable, Síndrome del Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Síntomas Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Internacional para los Trastornos Gastrointestinales <h3>¿Qué es el síndrome del túnel carpiano?</h3> <p>El síndrome del túnel carpiano (o síndrome de túnel carpal) es el nombre de un grupo de problemas que incluye entumecimiento, hormigueo, debilidad o dolor en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/handinjuriesanddisorders.html">mano</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html">muñeca</a>. Es una afección muy común que ocurre cuando se estrecha un nervio en la muñeca.</p> <p>El túnel carpiano es una angosta abertura entre los huesos de la muñeca y el ligamento que los mantiene unidos. Un nervio, llamado nervio mediano, va desde la parte inferior del brazo a través del túnel carpiano hasta la mano. Este nervio brinda sensibilidad al pulgar y los tres primeros dedos. También ayuda a mover el pulgar.</p> <p>Los tendones también se extienden a través del túnel carpiano desde la parte inferior del brazo hacia la mano. Los tendones conectan los huesos de los dedos con los músculos del brazo para que pueda doblar los dedos.</p> <p>Si los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tendinitis.html">tendones se inflaman</a> o irritan dentro del túnel carpiano, pueden presionar el nervio. Es posible que el nervio presionado no funcione bien, lo que puede causar entumecimiento, debilidad y otros síntomas del síndrome del túnel carpiano.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el síndrome del túnel carpiano?</h3> <p>En algunos casos, no se conoce la causa del síndrome del túnel carpiano. Pero generalmente ocurre por una combinación de cosas que afectan las estructuras de la muñeca, como:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Lesión en la muñeca</strong> que causa hinchazón, como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sprainsandstrains.html">esguince</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">huesos rotos</a></li> <li><strong>Problemas de salud </strong>que pueden afectar sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html">nervios</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/jointdisorders.html">articulaciones</a> u otras partes de su muñeca, como:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rheumatoidarthritis.html">Artritis reumatoide</a></li> <li>Quiste o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benigntumors.html">tumor</a> en la muñeca</li> <li>Cambios en ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonas</a> que pueden causar hinchazón debido al exceso de líquido en su cuerpo. Ejemplos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hypothyroidism.html">hipotiroidismo</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazo</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">menopausia</a></li> <li>Problemas con la forma en que se forma su muñeca</li> </ul> <li><strong>Hacer los mismos movimientos de muñeca y mano una y otra vez</strong>, como:</li> <ul> <li>Trabajos en línea de montaje</li> <li>Carpintería o uso de herramientas que vibren</li> <li>Tejido, jardinería o deportes, como el golf</li> </ul></ul> <p>Los investigadores no están seguros de si muchos años escribiendo o el uso de la computadora llevan a desarrollar síndrome del túnel carpiano.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener síndrome del túnel carpiano?</h3> <p>En general, el síndrome del túnel carpiano ocurre solo en adultos. Es más probable que lo presente si:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Es mujer</strong>: Las mujeres tienen 3 veces más probabilidades de tener el síndrome del túnel carpiano que los hombres</li> <li><strong>Tiene un problema de salud</strong> que puede afectar las estructuras de su muñeca</li> <li><strong>Hace actividades con movimientos repetitivos de las manos</strong></li> <li><strong>Tuvo una lesión en la muñeca</strong></li> <li><strong>Tiene un familiar cercano</strong> con síndrome del túnel carpiano, como un padre, hermano o hermana</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome del túnel carpiano?</h3> <p>Puede sentir <strong>entumecimiento, hormigueo o ardor</strong> en los dedos, especialmente en los dedos pulgar, índice y medio. Los síntomas suelen afectar a ambas manos.</p> <p>En las primeras etapas, los síntomas suelen:</p> <ul> <li>Comenzar lentamente en su mano dominante (con la que escribe)</li> <li>Ocurrir por la noche si duerme con las muñecas dobladas</li> </ul> <p>A medida que los síntomas empeoran, es posible que note:</p> <ul> <li>Hormigueo, dolor o debilidad con ciertas actividades, como conducir o sostener un teléfono</li> <li>Dificultad para agarrar o sostener cosas pequeñas</li> <li>Sentir que sus dedos están hinchados cuando no lo están</li> </ul> <p>Sin tratamiento, podría perder la sensibilidad en algunos dedos y tener debilidad permanente en el pulgar. Pero el diagnóstico y el tratamiento temprano puede ayudar a prevenir daños duraderos.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome del túnel carpiano?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene síndrome del túnel carpiano, su profesional de la salud puede:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Preguntar sobre su historia clínica</strong></li><strong> <li>Preguntar sobre el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/familyhistory.html">historia de salud de su familia</a></li> <li>Hacer un examen físico</li> </strong><li><strong>Solicitar pruebas si es necesario</strong>, como:</li> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/laboratorytests.html">Pruebas de laboratorio</a> para buscar enfermedades que puedan dañar los nervios</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">Radiografías</a> para buscar huesos rotos o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/arthritis.html">artritis</a></li> <li>Pruebas para medir la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">actividad eléctrica en sus nervios y músculos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/ecografia/">Ultrasonido</a> para revisar el nervio en el túnel carpiano</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome del túnel carpiano?</h3> <p>Es más fácil tratar el síndrome del túnel carpiano desde el principio, por lo que debe comenzar el tratamiento lo antes posible. Su profesional de la salud tratará primero cualquier problema que tenga y que pueda causar sus síntomas. El siguiente paso es tratar el síndrome del túnel carpiano. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Férulas para la muñeca</strong> (generalmente se usan por la noche)</li> <li><strong>Descanso</strong></li><strong> </strong><li><strong>Medicamentos para reducir la hinchazón y el dolor</strong>:</li> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">Analgésicos</a> </strong>de venta libre, como aspirina, ibuprofeno y naproxeno sódico</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">Corticoides</a> recetados</strong>, ya sean pastillas o una inyección en la muñeca</li> </ul> <li><strong><a href="../spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html" tid="1735">Otras terapias (medicina complementaria e integrativa)</a></strong>: Las investigaciones muestran que el yoga puede ayudar con el dolor y la debilidad. Algunas personas pueden encontrar útiles la acupuntura y la quiropráctica, pero las investigaciones no han demostrado que estas terapias puedan mejorar el síndrome del túnel carpiano. Si desea probar otras terapias, hable primero con su profesional de la salud</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/surgery.html">Cirugía</a> para hacer más espacio en el túnel carpiano</strong>: La cirugía puede ser una opción si sus síntomas son graves y otros tratamientos no funcionan. Implica cortar el ligamento de la muñeca para aliviar la presión del nervio. La recuperación puede llevar meses. El síndrome del túnel carpiano rara vez vuelve después de la cirugía, pero los síntomas leves pueden durar</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el síndrome del túnel carpiano?</h3> <p>Puede ayudar a prevenir el síndrome del túnel carpiano si protege sus muñecas:</p> <ul> <li>Adopte una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guidetogoodposture.html">buena postura</a> para mantener las muñecas en una posición natural</li> <li>Mantenga sus manos temperadas para mantener sus músculos flexibles. Los guantes sin dedos pueden ayudar</li> <li>Tome descansos en el trabajo y varíe sus tareas</li> <li>Estire y ejercite sus manos y muñecas</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ergonomics.html">Organice su espacio de trabajo</a> y herramientas para reducir la tensión en sus manos y muñecas </li> </ul> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Cerebro y nervios Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Lesiones y enfermedades de la mano Lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca Túnel carpiano, Síndrome de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Mujeres Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Síndrome de resistencia a la insulina <h3>¿Qué es el síndrome metabólico?</h3> <p>Síndrome metabólico es el nombre de un grupo de factores de riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedad cardiaca</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> y otros problemas de salud. Usted puede tener un solo factor de riesgo, pero a menudo las personas tienen varios de ellos al mismo tiempo. Si tiene al menos tres de ellos, se llama síndrome metabólico. Estos factores de riesgo incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cuerpo con "forma de manzana", también llamada obesidad abdominal. Tener demasiada grasa alrededor de la cintura es un factor de riesgo mayor para enfermedades del corazón que acumular demasiada grasa en otras partes del cuerpo</li> <li>Tener un nivel alto de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/triglycerides.html">triglicéridos</a>, un tipo de grasa que se encuentra en la sangre</li> <li>Tener un nivel bajo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hdlthegoodcholesterol.html">colesterol HDL</a>: En ocasiones, el HDL se conoce como colesterol "bueno" porque ayuda a eliminar el colesterol de las arterias</li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a>: Si su presión arterial se mantiene alta en el tiempo, puede dañar su corazón y provocar otros problemas de salud</li> <li> Tener un nivel alto de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodglucose.html">azúcar en la sangre </a> en ayunas: El nivel de azúcar en la sangre levemente alto puede ser un signo temprano de diabetes</li> </ul> <p>Cuantos más factores tenga, mayor será su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca, diabetes y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el síndrome metabólico?</h3> <p>El síndrome metabólico tiene varias causas que actúan juntas:</p> <ul> <li>Sobrepeso y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthrisksofaninactivelifestyle.html">estilo de vida inactivo</a></li> <li> Resistencia a la insulina: Afección en la cual el cuerpo no puede usar bien la insulina, una hormona que ayuda a mover el azúcar en la sangre a las células para darles energía. La resistencia a la insulina puede conducir a niveles altos de azúcar en la sangre</li> <li>Edad: Su riesgo aumenta a medida que envejece</li> <li>Genética: Origen étnico y su historia familiar</li> </ul> <p>A menudo, las personas que tienen síndrome metabólico también presentan un aumento en su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coagulación de la sangre</a> e inflamación en todo el cuerpo. Los investigadores no saben si estas afecciones causan el síndrome metabólico o si lo empeoran.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de síndrome metabólico?</h3> <p>Los factores de riesgo más importantes para el síndrome metabólico son:</p> <ul> <li>Obesidad abdominal (una cintura grande)</li> <li>Estilo de vida sedentario</li> <li>Resistencia a la insulina</li> </ul> <p>Ciertos grupos de personas tienen un mayor riesgo de síndrome metabólico, como:</p> <ul> <li>Algunos grupos raciales y étnicos: Los mexicoamericanos tienen la tasa más alta de síndrome metabólico, seguidos por los blancos y los afroamericanos</li> <li> Personas con diabetes</li> <li>Personas que tienen hermanos o padres con diabetes</li> <li>Mujeres con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">síndrome de ovario poliquístico</a></li> <li>Personas que toman medicamentos que causan aumento de peso o cambios en la presión arterial, el colesterol en la sangre y los niveles de azúcar en la sangre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome metabólico?</h3> <p>La mayoría de los factores de riesgo metabólico no tienen signos o síntomas obvios, más allá de tener una cintura grande.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome metabólico?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud diagnosticará el síndrome metabólico usando los resultados de un examen físico y análisis de sangre. Debe tener al menos tres de los factores de riesgo para ser diagnosticado con síndrome metabólico:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Una cintura grande</strong>, lo que significa una medida de cintura de:</li> <ul> <li>35 pulgadas o más para mujeres</li> <li>40 pulgadas o más para hombres</li> </ul> <li><strong>Un nivel alto de triglicéridos</strong> (150 mg / dL o más)</li> <li> <strong>Un nivel bajo de colesterol HDL</strong>, que es:</li> <ul> <li>Menos de 50 mg / dL para mujeres</li> <li>Menos de 40 mg / dL para hombres</li> </ul> <li><strong>Presión arterial alta</strong>, (130/85 mmHg o más)</li> <li> <strong>Un nivel alto de azúcar en sangre en ayunas</strong> (100 mg / dL o más)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome metabólico?</h3> <p>El tratamiento más importante para el síndrome metabólico es tener un estilo de vida saludable para el corazón, que incluye:</p> <ul> <li> Un plan de alimentación saludable para el corazón: Esta dieta limita la cantidad de grasas saturadas y trans que consume y le insta a elegir una variedad de alimentos nutritivos, incluyendo frutas, verduras, granos integrales y carnes magras</li> <li>Llegar a tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">peso saludable</a></li> <li>Controlar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a></li> <li> Hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">actividad física regular</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">Dejar de fumar</a> (o no comenzar si aún no fuma)</li> </ul> <p>Si estos cambios en el estilo de vida no son suficientes, es posible que deba tomar medicamentos. Por ejemplo, es posible que necesite medicinas para bajar el colesterol o la presión arterial.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el síndrome metabólico?</h3> <p>La mejor manera de prevenir el síndrome metabólico es a través de cambios en el estilo de vida saludables para el corazón.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Sistema endocrino Problemas del metabolismo Diabetes mellitus Metabolic Syndrome Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Angina de pecho Colesterol Diabetes Enfermedades del corazón Obesidad Prediabetes Trastornos metabólicos Insulina, Síndrome de resistencia a la Metabólico X, Síndrome Resistencia a la insulina, Síndrome X Metabólico, Síndrome Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre <h3>¿Qué es el síndrome premenstrual?</h3> <p>El síndrome premenstrual es un grupo de síntomas físicos y emocionales que comienzan una o 2 semanas antes de su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">periodo menstrual</a>. La mayoría de las mujeres presenta al menos algunos síntomas del síndrome premenstrual, los que desaparecen después de comenzar la menstruación. Los síntomas pueden variar de leves a severos.</p> <h3>¿Qué es el trastorno disfórico premenstrual?</h3> <p>El trastorno disfórico premenstrual (TDPM) es un tipo grave de síndrome premenstrual. En el TDPM, los síntomas son lo suficientemente graves como para interferir con su vida. Este trastorno es mucho menos común que el síndrome premenstrual.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es la causa del síndrome premenstrual?</h3> <p>Los investigadores no saben exactamente qué causa el síndrome premenstrual. Los cambios en los niveles <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hormones.html">hormonales</a> durante el ciclo menstrual pueden desempeñar un papel. Estos cambiantes niveles hormonales pueden afectar a algunas mujeres más que a otras.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del síndrome premenstrual?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del síndrome premenstrual no son los mismos para todas las mujeres. Puede tener síntomas físicos, emocionales o ambos. Sus síntomas también pueden cambiar a lo largo de su vida.</p> <p>Los síntomas físicos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Hinchazón y sensibilidad de los senos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acne.html">Acné</a></li> <li>Hinchazón y aumento de peso</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li>Dolor en las articulaciones</li> <li>Dolor de espalda</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/constipation.html">Estreñimiento</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">diarrea</a></li> <li>Antojos de alimentos</li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas emocionales pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Irritabilidad</li> <li>Cambios de humor</li> <li>Episodios de llanto</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">Ansiedad</a></li> <li>Dormir demasiado o muy poco</li> <li>Problemas de concentración y memoria</li> <li>Menos interés en el sexo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el síndrome premenstrual?</h3> <p>Es posible que desee ver a su profesional de la salud si sus síntomas le molestan o afectan su vida diaria.</p> <p>No existe una prueba única para el síndrome premenstrual. Su proveedor hablará con usted sobre sus síntomas, incluyendo cuándo se presentan y cuánto afectan su vida. Para diagnosticar el síndrome premenstrual, sus síntomas deben:</p> <ul> <li>Ocurrir durante los 5 días anteriores a su período por al menos tres ciclos menstruales seguidos</li> <li>Terminar dentro de los 4 días posteriores al comienzo de su período</li> <li>Impedir disfrutar o realizar algunas de sus actividades normales</li> </ul> <p>Es posible que su profesional de la slaud desee realizar pruebas para descartar otras afecciones que puedan causar síntomas similares.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el síndrome premenstrual?</h3> <p>No hay un tratamiento único para el síndrome premenstrual. Si sus síntomas no son graves, es posible que pueda controlarlos con:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">Analgésicos</a> de venta libre como ibuprofeno, aspirina o naproxeno para ayudar a aliviar los calambres, dolores de cabeza, dolores de espalda y sensibilidad en los senos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Hacer ejercicio con regularidad</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Dormir bien</a></li> <li>Consumir alimentos saludables</li> <li>Evitar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sodium.html">sal</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">cafeína</a>, el azúcar y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> unas 2 semanas previas a su período</li> </ul> <p>Algunos estudios han demostrado que ciertas vitaminas pueden ayudar con algunos síntomas del síndrome premenstrual, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html">vitamina B6</a>.</p> <p>Algunas mujeres toman algunos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herbalmedicine.html">suplementos de hierbas </a>para los síntomas del síndrome premenstrual. Sin embargo, no hay suficiente evidencia para comprobar que son efectivos para el síndrome premenstrual. Consulte con su profesional de la salud antes de tomar vitaminas o suplementos.</p> <p>Si no puede controlar los síntomas del síndrome premenstrual, su proveedor puede sugerirle medicamentos recetados. Estos también se pueden usar para tratar los síntomas del trastorno disfórico premenstrual. Incluyen:<!-- p--> </p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">Anticonceptivos</a> hormonales: Pueden ayudar con los síntomas físicos del síndrome premenstrual. Pero a veces pueden empeorar los síntomas emocionales. Es posible que deba probar varios tipos diferentes de anticonceptivos antes de encontrar el adecuado</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">Antidepresivos</a> como inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS): Pueden ayudar con los síntomas emocionales</li> <li>Diuréticos para reducir los síntomas de hinchazón y sensibilidad en los senos</li> <li>Medicamentos ansiolíticos para aliviar los síntomas de ansiedad </li> </ul> <p class="">Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Dept. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE.UU.</p> Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Premenstrual Syndrome Menstruación Menstruación, Síndrome premenstrual Premenstrual, Síndrome SPM Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Síndrome de Martin-Bell <p>El síndrome X frágil es la forma más común de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/developmentaldisabilities.html">discapacidad intelectual</a> hereditaria. La enfermedad es causada por un gen específico. Normalmente, el gen produce una proteína necesaria para el desarrollo cerebral. Pero un defecto en este gen hace que una persona produzca poco o nada de dicha proteína. Esto resulta en el síntoma de X frágil. </p> <p>Las personas que tienen solamente un pequeño cambio en el gen no tienen síntomas de X frágil. Las personas con cambios mayores pueden tener síntomas severos. Los mismos pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li> Problemas de inteligencia, que van desde algunos problemas de aprendizaje hasta el discapacidad intelectual grave </li> <li> Problemas emocionales y sociales, como la agresión en los niños o la timidez en las niñas </li> <li> Problemas con el habla y el lenguaje, especialmente entre los adolescentes masculinos </li> </ul> <p>El X frágil no tiene cura. Es posible tratar algunos síntomas con terapia educativa, de la conducta o física y medicinas. Obtener tratamiento con anticipación para el X frágil puede ser útil.</p> <p>Una prueba genética puede diagnosticar el síndrome. El X frágil no tiene cura. Es posible tratar algunos síntomas con terapia educativa, de la conducta o física y medicinas. Obtener tratamiento temprano puede ser útil. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano </p> Genética y defectos congénitos Fragile X Syndrome Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Trastornos del desarrollo X Frágil Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Absorción deficiente de alimentos Mala absorción intestinal Problemas de absorción de alimentos Problemas de absorción de nutrientes <p>Su intestino delgado hace la mayor parte de la digestión de las comidas que usted ingiere. Si usted sufre de un síndrome de malabsorción, su intestino delgado no puede absorber los nutrientes de los alimentos.</p> <p>Las causas de un síndrome de malabsorción incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html">Enfermedad celíaca</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lactoseintolerance.html">Intolerancia a la lactosa</a></li> <li>Síndrome del intestino corto, que es el resultado de una cirugía para extirpar una gran parte del intestino delgado</li> <li>Enfermedad de Whipple, una infección bacteriana rara</li> <li>Enfermedades genéticas</li> <li>Algunas medicinas</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento de los síndromes de malabsorción depende de su causa.</p> Sistema digestivo Alimentos y nutrición Malabsorption Syndromes Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedad celíaca Intolerancia a la lactosa Absorción deficiente de alimentos Malabsorción, Síndromes de Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH SMD <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bonemarrowdiseases.html">médula ósea </a>es el tejido esponjoso dentro de algunos de sus huesos, tales como la cadera y huesos de los muslos. Contiene células inmaduras, llamadas células madre. Las células madre pueden desarrollarse en los glóbulos rojos que transportan oxígeno a través de su cuerpo, los glóbulos blancos que combaten las infecciones y las plaquetas que ayudan con la coagulación de la sangre. Si usted tiene un síndrome mielodisplásico, las células madre no maduran hasta convertirse en células sanguíneas sanas. Esto deja menos espacio para las células sanas, lo cual puede conducir a una infección, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia</a> o sangrado. </p> <p>Los síndromes mielodisplásicos no suelen provocar síntomas al principio y se encuentran a veces durante una prueba de sangre de rutina. Si usted tiene síntomas, éstos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Dificultad para respirar</li> <li>Debilidad o cansancio</li> <li>Piel más pálida que de costumbre</li> <li>Fácil aparición de moretones o sangrado</li> <li>Pequeñas manchas en la piel causadas por hemorragias</li> <li>Fiebre o infecciones frecuentes</li> </ul> <p>Los síndromes mielodisplásicos son poco comunes. Las personas con mayor riesgo son las mayores de 60 años, quienes se hayan sometido a quimioterapia o radioterapia o hayan sido expuestos a ciertas sustancias químicas. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen transfusiones, medicamentos, quimioterapia y trasplante de células madre de la sangre o la médula ósea.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Sistema inmunitario Myelodysplastic Syndromes Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades de la médula ósea Mielodisplásicos, Síndromes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Rapé Tabaco en polvo Tabaco para mascar Tabaco por vía oral <p>Muchas personas que mascan tabaco o consumen rapé piensan que es más sano que <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">fumar</a>. Pero no hace falta fumar el tabaco para que éste sea peligroso. Mascarlo o consumir rapé conlleva a riesgos como:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oralcancer.html">Cáncer de la boca</a> </li> <li> Caries en las raíces expuestas de los dientes </li> <li> Retracción de las encías </li> <li> Manchas blancas o llagas rojas en la boca que pueden volverse cancerosas </li> </ul> <p>Estudios recientes demuestran que los peligros del tabaco que no se fuma pueden ir más allá de la boca. Su consumo también puede representar un papel en la aparición de otros cánceres, enfermedades cardíacas y derrames cerebrales. </p> <p>El tabaco que no se fuma contiene más nicotina que los cigarrillos. La nicotina es una droga altamente adictiva que dificulta dejar de consumir el tabaco. Determinar una fecha y un plan para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejarlo</a> puede ayudarlo a abandonar el hábito exitosamente. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial </p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Salud oral y dental Smokeless Tobacco Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Tabaco de mascar Tabaco en polvo (rapé) Tabaco por vía oral Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Coccyx disorders <p>The tailbone is the small bone at the bottom of your backbone, or spine. Tailbone disorders include tailbone injuries, pain, infections, cysts and tumors. You rarely break your tailbone. Instead, most injuries cause bruises or pulled ligaments. A backward fall onto a hard surface, such as slipping on ice, is the most common cause of such injuries. Symptoms of various tailbone disorders include pain in the tailbone area, pain upon sitting, pain or numbness in the arms or legs due to pressure on nerves in the tailbone area, and a mass or growth you can see or feel. </p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Enfermedades del cóccix Coccyx Spinal Diseases Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Coccyx Pilonidal Cyst Find an Expert American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Children Nemours Foundation Video Anemia de Cooley Anemia mediterránea <p>La talasemia es un trastorno hereditario de la sangre. Si usted tiene una, su cuerpo produce menos glóbulos rojos sanos y menos hemoglobina. La hemoglobina es una proteína que transporta el oxígeno al cuerpo. Esto conduce a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia</a>. Las talasemias son más frecuentes entre las personas de ascendencia italiana, griega, del Medio Oriente, del sur de Asia y africana.</p> <p>Las talasemias pueden ser leves o graves. Algunas personas no tienen síntomas o presentan anemia leve. El tipo grave más común en Estados Unidos se denomina anemia de Cooley. Por lo general, aparece durante los primeros dos años de vida. Las personas que la desarrollan pueden tener anemia severa, crecimiento lento y pubertad tardía, y problemas en el bazo, el hígado, el corazón o los huesos.</p> <p>Los médicos diagnostican talasemias mediante pruebas de sangre. Los tratamientos incluyen transfusiones de sangre y procedimientos para eliminar el exceso de hierro del cuerpo. Si no tiene síntomas o son leves, puede que no necesite tratamiento. En algunos casos graves puede ser necesario un trasplante de médula ósea.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Thalassemia Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Anemia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación para la Anemia de Cooley PDF <p>How well you and your doctor or provider communicate with each other is one of the most important parts of getting good health care. Being prepared can help you make the most of your visit, whether it is in person or through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/telehealth.html">telehealth</a>. Here are some things you can do to make the most of your appointment:</p> <ul> <li>Make lists of any allergies you have and all the medicines, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/herbalmedicine.html">herbs</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietarysupplements.html">supplements</a> you take.</li> <li>Make a list of the questions and concerns you want to talk about.</li> <li>If you are having any health problems, write down a description of your symptoms. Include information such as when they started, what makes them better, and what makes them worse.</li> <li>Ask a trusted friend or family member to come to the appointment with you.</li> <li>If your doctor or provider doesn't speak your language, call their office ahead of time and ask them to provide an interpreter.</li> <li>During your appointment, take notes about what your doctor or health care provider tells you. Or you could ask your friend or family member to take notes for you.</li> <li>Be honest during your appointment. Don't just say what you think your doctor or provider wants to hear. For example, don't say that you stopped smoking or are eating healthy if it's not true. Your doctor or provider needs to know what is really going on, so they can give you the care and treatments that would be best for you.</li> <li>If you don't understand something your doctor or provider says, ask questions until you do understand.</li> <li>Ask for written instructions if you need them.</li> <li>Learn how to access your medical records, so you can keep track of your test results, diagnoses, treatment plans, and medicines.</li> <li>Ask for your doctor's or provider's contact information and find out the best way to communicate with them.</li> <li>Find out what to do if you need more information later.</li> </ul> Social/Family Issues Health System Personal Health Issues Hablando con su doctor Physician-Patient Relations Dentist-Patient Relations Nurse-Patient Relations Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Polish Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese NIH Office of the Director Patient Rights Patient Safety Telehealth Communicating With Your Healthcare Provider Second Opinion Talk to Your Doctor Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Related Issues Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers Nemours Foundation Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Health Check Tools National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues American College of Physicians PDF Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Journal Articles Health Check Tools Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Start Here Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institutes of Health Video NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine NIH Interactive Tutorial Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health <h3>Can a tan be healthy?</h3> <p>Some people think that tanning gives them a healthy glow. But tanning, either outdoors or indoors with a tanning bed, is not healthy at all. It exposes you to harmful rays and puts you at risk for health problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/melanoma.html">melanoma</a> and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html">skin cancers</a>.</p> <h3>What are UV rays, and how do they affect the skin?</h3> <p>Sunlight travels to earth as a mixture of both visible and invisible rays. Some of the rays are harmless to people. But one kind, ultraviolet (UV) rays, can cause problems. They are a form of radiation. UV rays do help your body make <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">vitamin D</a>, but too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">exposure</a> damages your skin. Most people can get the vitamin D that they need with only about 5 to 15 minutes of sun exposure two to three times a week.</p> <p>There are three types of UV rays. Two of them, UVA and UVB, can reach the earth's surface and affect your skin. Using a tanning bed also exposes you to UVA and UVB.</p> <p>UVB rays can cause sunburn. UVA rays can travel more deeply into the skin than UVB rays. When your skin is exposed to UVA, it tries to protect itself from further damage. It does this by making more melanin, which is the skin pigment that makes your skin darker. That's what gives you a tan. This means that your tan is a sign of skin damage.</p> <h3>What are the health risks of tanning?</h3> <p>Since tanning means overexposure to UV rays, it can damage your skin and cause health problems such as:</p><ul> <li><strong>Premature skin aging</strong>, which can cause your skin to become thickened, leathery, and wrinkled. You may also have dark spots on your skin. These happen because long-term exposure to UV rays makes your skin less elastic. The more sun exposure you have, the earlier your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinaging.html">skin ages</a>.</li> <li><strong>Skin cancers</strong>, including melanoma. This can happen because the UV light damages the DNA of your skin cells and interferes with your body's ability to fight the cancer.</li> <li><strong>Actinic keratosis</strong>, a thick, scaly patch of skin that usually forms on areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, scalp, back of the hands, or chest. It can eventually become cancerous.</li> <li><strong>Eye damage</strong>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html">cataracts</a> and photokeratitis (snow blindness)</li> <li><strong>A weakened immune system</strong>, which can increase your sensitivity to sunlight, decrease the effects of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">vaccines</a>, and cause you to have reactions to certain medicines.</li> </ul> <h3>What should I do to protect my skin from UV rays?</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Limit sun exposure</strong>. Try to stay out of the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when its rays are strongest. But remember that you still get sun exposure when you are outside on cloudy days or are in the shade.</li> <li><strong>Use sunscreen</strong> with sun protective factor (SPF) 15 or higher. It should also be a broad-spectrum sunscreen, which means that it gives you both UVA and UVB protection. If you have very light skin, use SPF 30 or higher. Apply sunscreen 20-30 minutes before going outside and reapply it at least every 2 hours.</li> <li><strong>Wear sunglasses</strong> that block both UVA and UVB rays. Wrap-around sunglasses work best because they block UV rays from sneaking in from the side.</li> <li><strong>Wear a hat</strong>. You can get the best protection with a wide-brimmed hat that is made out of a tightly woven fabric, such as canvas.</li> <li><strong>Wear protective clothing</strong> such as long-sleeved shirts and long pants and skirts. Clothes made from tightly woven fabric offer the best protection.</li> </ul> <p>It is also important to check your skin once a month. If you do see any new or changing spots or moles, go see your health care provider.</p> <h3>Isn't indoor tanning safer than tanning in the sun?</h3> <p>Indoor tanning is not better than tanning in the sun; it also exposes you to UV rays and damages your skin. Tanning beds use UVA light, so they expose you to a higher concentration of UVA rays than you would get by tanning in the sun. Tanning lights also expose you to some UVB rays.</p> <p>Some people think that getting a "base tan" in a tanning salon can protect you when you go in the sun. But a "base tan" causes damage to your skin and will not prevent you from getting sunburn when you go outside.</p> <p>Indoor tanning is particularly dangerous for younger people. You have a higher risk of melanoma if you started doing indoor tanning while you were a teen or young adult.</p> <p>Some research shows that frequent tanning may even be addictive. This can be dangerous because the more often you tan, the more damage you do to your skin.</p> <h3>Are there safer ways to look tan?</h3> <p>There are other ways to look tan, but they are not all safe:</p><ul> <li><strong>Tanning pills</strong> have a color additive that turns your skin orange after you take them. But they can be dangerous and are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).</li> <li><strong>Sunless tanners</strong> have no known risk for skin cancer, but you do have to be careful. Most spray tans, lotions, and gels use DHA, a color additive that makes your skin look tan. DHA is considered safe for use on the outside of your body by the FDA. You need to make sure it doesn't get into your nose, eyes, or mouth. If you use a spray tan, be careful not to breathe in the spray. Also, remember that these "tans" do not protect you from UV rays when you go outside.</li> </ul> Skin, Hair and Nails Bronceado Suntan Tanning Spanish National Cancer Institute Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Learn More Food and Drug Administration Learn More Nemours Foundation Learn More Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Learn More Food and Drug Administration <h3>¿Qué es la tartamudez?</h3> <p>La tartamudez es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">trastorno del habla</a> que causa interrupciones en la fluidez al hablar. Estas interrupciones o bloqueos, llamadas disfluencias, consisten en:</p> <ul> <li>Repetir sonidos, sílabas o palabras</li> <li>Estirar un sonido</li> <li>Detenerse repentinamente en medio de una sílaba o palabra</li> </ul> <p>En ocasiones, junto con el tartamudeo, se puede presentar movimientos de cabeza, parpadeo rápido o temblores en los labios. La tartamudez puede empeorar cuando está estresado, emocionado o cansado.</p> <p>La tartamudez puede ser frustrante, porque sabe exactamente lo que quiere decir, pero tiene problemas para decirlo. Puede dificultar comunicarse con otras personas. Esto puede causar problemas en la escuela, el trabajo y las relaciones.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la tartamudez?</h3> <p>Hay dos tipos principales de tartamudeo y tienen diferentes causas:</p> <ul> <li>La <strong>tartamudez del desarrollo</strong> es el tipo más común. Comienza en los niños pequeños cuando todavía están aprendiendo el habla y el lenguaje. Muchos niños tartamudean cuando empiezan a hablar. La mayoría de ellos lo supera. Pero algunos continúan tartamudeando y no se conoce la causa exacta. Hay diferencias en el cerebro de las personas que continúan tartamudeando. La genética también puede jugar un papel, ya que este tipo de tartamudeo puede ser hereditario</li> <li>La <strong>tartamudez neurogénica</strong> puede ocurrir después de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">trauma cerebral</a> u otro tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headinjuries.html">golpe en la cabeza</a>. Debido a la lesión, el cerebro tiene problemas para coordinar las diferentes partes del cerebro involucradas en el habla</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tartamudear?</h3> <p>La tartamudez puede afectar a cualquier persona, pero es mucho más común en los niños que en las niñas. Los niños más pequeños tienen más probabilidades de tartamudear. Cerca del 75% de los niños que tartamudean lo superarán. Para los demás, la tartamudez puede continuar toda la vida.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la tartamudez?</h3> <p>La tartamudez suele ser diagnosticada por un patólogo del habla y el lenguaje (fonoaudiólogo). Es un profesional de la salud capacitado para evaluar y tratar a personas con trastornos de la voz, el habla y el lenguaje. Si usted o su hijo tartamudea, su profesional de la salud puede derivarlo a un patólogo del habla y el lenguaje. O en algunos casos, el maestro de un niño puede referirlo.</p> <p>El patólogo del habla y el lenguaje puede hacer un diagnóstico al:</p> <ul> <li>Evaluar de la historia del caso, como cuándo se notó por primera vez la tartamudez, con qué frecuencia ocurre y en qué situaciones </li> <li>Escuchar hablar a usted o a su hijo, analizando el tartamudeo</li> <li>Evaluar las habilidades del habla y el lenguaje de usted o de su hijo, incluyendo la capacidad de comprender y usar el lenguaje</li> <li>Preguntar sobre el impacto de la tartamudez en usted o en la vida de su hijo</li> <li>Averiguar si en su familia hay otros casos de tartamudez</li> <li>Para un niño, considerar qué tan probable es que lo supere cuando crezca</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la tartamudez?</h3> <p>Existen diferentes tratamientos que pueden ayudar con la tartamudez. Algunos de estos pueden ayudar a una persona, pero no a otra. Un trabajo conjunto con el patólogo del habla y el lenguaje ayudará a encontrar el mejor plan para usted o su hijo. El plan debe tener en cuenta por cuánto tiempo ha tartamudeado y si hay otros problemas del habla o del lenguaje. Para un niño, el plan también debe tener en cuenta su edad y si es probable que supere la tartamudez cuando crezca.</p> <p>Es posible que los niños más pequeños no necesiten terapia de inmediato. Sus padres y maestros pueden aprender estrategias para ayudar al niño a practicar el habla, lo que puede ayudar en algunos casos. Como padre, es importante mostrarse tranquilo y relajado cuando su hijo habla. Si su hijo se siente presionado, puede resultarle más difícil hablar. Es probable que el patólogo del habla y el lenguaje quiera evaluar a su hijo con regularidad para ver si necesita tratamiento.</p> <p>La terapia del habla puede ayudar a niños y adultos a minimizar la tartamudez. Algunas técnicas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Hablar más despacio</li> <li>Controlar la respiración</li> <li>Avanzar en el habla en forma gradual, desde respuestas de una sola sílaba hasta palabras más largas y oraciones más complejas</li> </ul> <p>Para los adultos, los grupos de autoayuda pueden ayudar a encontrar recursos y apoyo para enfrentar los desafíos de la tartamudez.</p> <p>Hay dispositivos electrónicos para ayudar con la fluidez, pero es necesario investigar más para ver si realmente ayudan a largo plazo. Algunas personas han probado medicamentos que suelen tratar otros problemas de salud como la epilepsia, la ansiedad o la depresión. Pero estos medicamentos no están aprobados para la tartamudez y, a menudo, tienen efectos secundarios. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación </p> Cerebro y nervios Síntomas Stuttering Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Problemas del habla y de la comunicación Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez PDF Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez PDF Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez PDF Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Americana de la Tartamudez PDF <p>Our senses of taste and smell give us great pleasure. Taste helps us enjoy food and beverages. Smell lets us enjoy the scents and fragrances like roses or coffee. Taste and smell also protect us, letting us know when food has gone bad or when there is a gas leak. They make us want to eat, ensuring we get the nutrition we need. </p> <p>People with taste disorders may taste things that aren't there, may not be able to tell the difference in tastes, or can't taste at all. People with smell disorders may lose their sense of smell, or things may smell different. A smell they once enjoyed may now smell bad to them. </p> <p>Many illnesses and injuries can cause taste and smell disorders, including colds and head injuries. Some drugs can also affect taste and smell. Most people lose some ability to taste and smell as they get older. Treatment varies, depending on the problem and its cause. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</p> Older Adults Ear, Nose and Throat Mouth and Teeth Trastornos del gusto y del olfato Taste Disorders Taste Perception Olfaction Disorders Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Mouth Disorders Nose Injuries and Disorders Ageusia Anosmia Dysgeusia Dysosmia Smelling Disorders Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Rhinologic Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Reference Desk National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation <p>Tay-Sachs disease is a rare, inherited disease. It is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html">lipid metabolism disorder</a>. It causes too much of a fatty substance to build up in the brain. This buildup destroys nerve cells, causing mental and physical problems.</p> <p>Infants with Tay-Sachs disease appear to develop normally for the first few months of life. Then mental and physical abilities decline. The child becomes blind, deaf, and unable to swallow. Muscles begin to waste away and paralysis sets in. Even with the best of care, children with Tay-Sachs disease usually die by age 4.</p> <p>The cause is a gene mutation which is most common in Eastern European Ashkenazi Jews. To get the disease, both parents must have the gene. If they do, there is a 25% chance of the child having the disease. A blood test and prenatal tests can check for the gene or the disease.</p> <p>There is no cure. Medicines and good nutrition can help some symptoms. Some children need feeding tubes.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Enfermedad de Tay-Sachs Tay-Sachs Disease Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Start Here National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Lacrimation <p>You may only think of tears as those salty drops that fall from your eyes when you cry. Actually, your tears clean your eyes every time you blink. Tears also keep your eyes moist, which is important for your vision.</p> <p>Tear glands produce tears, and tear ducts carry the tears from the glands to the surface of your eye. Problems with the tear system can include too many tears, too few tears, or problems with the tear ducts. Treatment of the problem depends on the cause.</p> Eyes and Vision Lágrimas Tears Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases Spanish National Eye Institute Sjogren's Syndrome Dry Eye Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Ophthalmology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Specifics National Eye Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Video Children Nemours Foundation Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Ophthalmology Video Aparatos de asistencia Equipo de ayuda a personas con discapacidades <h3>¿Qué es la tecnología asistencial?</h3> <p>La tecnología asistencial (o dispositivos de asistencia) son herramientas, productos o equipos que pueden ayudarle a realizar tareas y actividades. Pueden ayudarle a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html">moverse</a>, ver, comunicarse, comer o vestirse.</p> <h3>¿Quién puede beneficiarse de la tecnología asistencial?</h3> <p>Puede utilizar varios dispositivos de asistencia si:</p> <ul> <li>Tiene una discapacidad o lesión</li> <li>Tiene ciertas afecciones de salud, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dementia.html">demencia</a>, o si ha sufrido un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a></li> <li>Es una persona mayor</li> </ul> <p>Puede usar la tecnología asistencial durante un período breve o prolongado. Otras personas pueden utilizarlos durante toda su vida.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puede ayudar la tecnología asistencial?</h3> <p>Algunos dispositivos de asistencia son herramientas de alta tecnología, como las computadoras. Otros son mucho más simples, como un "alcanzador", una herramienta que le ayuda a agarrar un objeto fuera de su alcance.</p> <p>Hay una variedad de dispositivos o herramientas de asistencia disponibles que pueden usarse para ayudarlo a:</p> <ul> <li>Comunicarse, ver o escuchar mejor</li> <li>Hacer actividades diarias</li> <li>Moverse usando una silla de ruedas, un andador u otro dispositivo de movilidad</li> <li>Cocinar o comer</li> <li>Vestirse o asearse</li> <li>Mejorar su memoria o atención</li> <li>Ser más activo</li> <li>Participar en actividades educativas</li> </ul> <p>La tecnología asistencial también pueden usarse para hacer cambios en su entorno físico con el fin de que sea más fácil moverse o cuidarse. Esto puede incluir agregar rampas o barras de apoyo.</p> Personas mayores Cirugía y rehabilitación Assistive Devices Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Aparatos para movilidad asistida Audífonos Discapacidades Implantes cocleares Problemas de la audición y sordera Problemas y pérdida de la visión Prótesis de las extremidades Pérdida de extremidades Rehabilitación Salud de las personas mayores Seguridad de los equipos médicos Seguridad de los medicamentos Aparatos de asistencia Asistencia, Aparatos de Dispositivos para asistencia Sillas de ruedas Más información Spanish/Español Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería NIH Más información Spanish/Español Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones Más información Spanish/Español Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>La tecnología de reproducción asistida se usa para tratar la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infertility.html">infertilidad</a>. Incluye tratamientos de fertilidad que manejan tanto los óvulos como los espermatozoides. Consiste en extraer los óvulos de los ovarios. Luego, los óvulos se mezclan con esperma para producir embriones. Luego los embriones se colocan en el cuerpo de la progenitora. La fertilización in vitro es el tipo más común y eficaz de tecnología de reproducción asistida.</p> <p>Los procedimientos de tecnología de reproducción asistida a veces usan óvulos de donantes, un donante de esperma o embriones previamente congelados. También pueden utilizar una progenitora subrogada tradicional o gestacional. Subrogada tradicional (también llamada vientre de alquiler) es una persona que queda embarazada con el esperma un miembro de la pareja. Una subrogada gestacional queda embarazada con un óvulo de un miembro de la pareja y esperma de la otra.</p> <p>La complicación más común de tecnología de reproducción asistida es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/twinstripletsmultiplebirths.html">embarazo múltiple</a>. Se puede prevenir o minimizar limitando el número de embriones que se colocan en el cuerpo de la progenitora.</p> Sistema reproductor femenino Sistema reproductor masculino Assisted Reproductive Technology Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <h3>What is depression in teens?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a> in teens (ages 13-17) is a serious medical illness. It's more than just a feeling of being sad or "blue" for a few days. It is an intense feeling of sadness, hopelessness, and anger or frustration that lasts much longer. These feelings make it hard for you to function normally and do your usual activities. You may also have trouble focusing and have no motivation or energy. Depression can make you feel like it is hard to enjoy life or even get through the day.</p> <h3>What causes depression in teens?</h3> <p>Many factors may play a role in depression, including:</p><ul> <li><strong>Genetics.</strong> Depression can run in families.</li> <li><strong>Brain biology and chemistry.</strong></li> <li><strong>Hormones.</strong> Hormone changes can contribute to depression.</li> <li><strong>Stressful childhood events</strong> such as trauma, the death of a loved one, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bullyingandcyberbullying.html">bullying</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html">abuse</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>Which teens are at risk of depression?</h3> <p>Depression can happen at any age, but often begins in the teens or early adulthood. Certain teens are at higher risk of depression, such as those who:</p><ul> <li>Have other mental health conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html">eating disorders</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugsandyoungpeople.html">substance use</a></li> <li>Have other diseases, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancer.html">cancer</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a></li> <li>Have family members with mental illness</li> <li>Have a dysfunctional family/family conflict</li> <li>Have problems with friends or other kids at school</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/learningdisabilities.html">learning disabilities</a> or <a href="attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html" tid="152">attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)</a></li> <li>Have had trauma in childhood</li> <li>Have low self-esteem, a pessimistic outlook, or poor coping skills</li> <li>Are <a href="gaylesbianbisexualandtransgenderhealth.html" tid="261">members of the LGBTQIA+ community</a>, especially when their families are not supportive</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of depression in teens?</h3> <p>If you have depression, you have one or more of these symptoms most of the time:</p><ul> <li>Sadness</li> <li>Feeling of emptiness</li> <li>Hopelessness</li> <li>Being angry, irritable, or frustrated, even at minor things</li> </ul> <p>You also may also have other symptoms, such as:</p><ul> <li>No longer caring about things you used to enjoy</li> <li>Changes in weight, such as losing weight when you are not dieting or gaining weight from eating too much</li> <li>Changes in sleep, such as having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, or sleeping much more than usual</li> <li>Feeling restless or having trouble sitting still</li> <li>Feeling very tired or not having energy</li> <li>Feeling worthless or very guilty</li> <li>Having trouble concentrating, remembering information, or making decisions</li> <li>Thinking about dying or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html">suicide</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is depression in teens diagnosed?</h3> <p>If you think you might be depressed, tell someone that you trust, such as your:</p><ul> <li>Parents or guardian</li> <li>Teacher or counselor</li> <li>Doctor</li> </ul> <p>The next step is to see your doctor for a checkup. Your doctor can first make sure that you do not have another health problem that is causing your depression. To do this, you may have a physical exam and lab tests.</p> <p>If you don't have another health problem, you will get a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mental-health-screening/">psychological evaluation</a>. Your doctor may do it, or you may be referred to a mental health professional to get one. You may be asked about things such as:</p><ul> <li>Your thoughts and feelings</li> <li>How you are doing at school</li> <li>Any changes in your eating, sleeping, or energy level</li> <li>Whether you are suicidal</li> <li>Whether you use alcohol or drugs</li> </ul> <h3>How is depression in teens treated?</h3> <p>Effective treatments for depression in teens include talk therapy, or a combination of talk therapy and medicines:</p> <p><strong>Talk therapy</strong></p> <p>Talk therapy, also called psychotherapy or counseling, can help you understand and manage your moods and feelings. It involves going to see a therapist, such as a psychiatrist, a psychologist, a social worker, or counselor. You can talk out your emotions to someone who understands and supports you. You can also learn how to stop thinking negatively and start to look at the positives in life. This will help you build confidence and feel better about yourself.</p> <p>There are many different types of talk therapy. Certain types have been shown to help teens deal with depression, including:</p><ul> <li><strong>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT),</strong> which helps you to identify and change negative and unhelpful thoughts. It also helps you build coping skills and change behavioral patterns.</li> <li><strong>Interpersonal therapy (IPT),</strong> which focuses on improving your relationships. It helps you understand and work through troubled relationships that may contribute to your depression. IPT may help you change behaviors that are causing problems. You also explore major issues that may add to your depression, such as grief or life changes.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Medicines</strong></p> <p>In some cases, your doctor will suggest medicines along with talk therapy. There are a few <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">antidepressants</a> that have been widely studied and proven to help teens. If you are taking medicine for depression, it is important to see your doctor regularly.</p> <p>It is also important to know that it will take some time for you to get relief from antidepressants:</p><ul> <li>It can take 3 to 4 weeks until an antidepressant takes effect</li> <li>You may have to try more than one antidepressant to find one that works for you</li> <li>It can also take some time to find the right dose of an antidepressant</li> </ul> <p>In some cases, teenagers may have an increase in suicidal thoughts or behavior when taking antidepressants. This risk is higher in the first few weeks after starting the medicine and when the dose is changed. <strong>Make sure to tell your parents or guardian if you start feeling worse or have thoughts of hurting yourself.</strong></p> <p>You should not stop taking the antidepressants on your own. You need to work with your doctor to slowly and safely decrease the dose before you stop.</p> <p><strong>Programs for severe depression</strong></p> <p>Some teens who have severe depression or are at risk of hurting themselves may need more intensive treatment. They may go into a psychiatric hospital or do a day program. Both offer counseling, group discussions, and activities with mental health professionals and other patients. Day programs may be full-day or half-day, and they often last for several weeks.</p> Children and Teenagers Mental Health and Behavior Depresión en adolescentes Depression Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Antidepressants Depression Seasonal Affective Disorder Self-Harm Suicide Teen Mental Health Depression, Teen Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Related Issues Nemours Foundation Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Diagnosis and Tests Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Find an Expert American Psychological Association Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Video Adolescent development <p>As a teenager, you go through many physical, mental, emotional, and social changes. The biggest change is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/puberty.html">puberty</a>, the process of becoming sexually mature. It usually happens between ages 10 and 14 for girls and ages 12 and 16 for boys. As your body changes, you may have questions about <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/teensexualhealth.html">sexual health</a>.</p> <p>During this time, you start to develop your own unique personality and opinions. Some changes that you might notice include:</p><ul> <li>Increased independence from your parents</li> <li>More concerns about body image and clothes</li> <li>More influence from peers</li> <li>Greater ability to sense right and wrong</li> </ul> <p>All of these changes can sometimes seem overwhelming. Some sadness or moodiness can be normal. But feeling very sad, hopeless, or worthless could be warning signs of a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/teenmentalhealth.html">mental health problem</a>. If you need help, talk to your parents, school counselor, or health care provider.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Children and Teenagers Mental Health and Behavior Desarrollo del adolescente Psychology, Adolescent Adolescent Development Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Puberty Teen Health Teen Sexual Health Adolescent Development Related Issues Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Boston Children's Hospital Specifics Boston Children's Hospital Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Specifics Boston Children's Hospital Specifics Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Mental Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Adolescent health <p>As a teenager, you go through many changes. Your body is on its way to becoming its adult size. You may notice that you can't fit into your old shoes or that your jeans are now 3 inches too short. Along with these changes, you are probably becoming more independent and making more of your own choices. Some of the biggest choices you face are about your health.</p> <p>Healthy habits, including eating a healthy diet and being physically active, can help you feel good, look good, and do your best in school, work, or sports. They might also prevent diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, osteoporosis, stroke, and some cancers when you are older.</p> Children and Teenagers Population Groups Salud de los adolescentes Adolescent, Hospitalized Adolescent Health Services Adolescent Health Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Korean Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development College Health Puberty Teen Development Teen Mental Health Teen Sexual Health Teenage Pregnancy Adolescent Health Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Statistics and Research World Health Organization Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Statistics and Research Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Health Check Tools Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Boston Children's Hospital Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert American Academy of Pediatrics Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Health Check Tools Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Related Issues American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Start Here Nemours Foundation Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Journal Articles Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Immunization Action Coalition PDF Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Nemours Foundation Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Boston Children's Hospital Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>Being a teenager is hard. You're under stress to be liked, do well in school, get along with your family, and make big decisions. You can't avoid most of these pressures, and worrying about them is normal. But feeling very sad, hopeless or worthless could be warning signs of a mental health problem.</p> <p>Mental health problems are real, painful, and sometimes severe. You might need help if you have the signs mentioned above, or if you:</p><ul> <li>Often feel very angry or very worried </li> <li>Feel grief for a long time after a loss or death</li> <li>Think your mind is controlled or out of control</li> <li>Use <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/underagedrinking.html">alcohol</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">drugs</a></li> <li>Exercise, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eatingdisorders.html">diet and/or binge-eat obsessively </a></li> <li>Hurt other people or destroy property </li> <li>Do reckless things that could harm you or others</li> <li>Feel <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/teendepression.html">depressed</a> (sad and hopeless)</li> </ul> <p>Mental health problems can be treated. To find help, talk to your parents, school counselor, or health care provider.</p> Children and Teenagers Mental Health and Behavior Salud mental del adolescente Psychology, Adolescent Adolescent Psychiatry Spanish National Institute of Mental Health Bullying and Cyberbullying Child Mental Health Drugs and Young People Mental Disorders Mental Health Self-Harm Teen Depression Teen Violence Underage Drinking Mental Health, Teen Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Nemours Foundation Easy-to-Read Specifics Nemours Foundation Easy-to-Read Find an Expert American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Mental Health PDF NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Videos and Tutorials National Institute of Mental Health Video NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues National Institute of Mental Health NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Easy-to-Read Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Health Check Tools Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Related Issues American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Mental Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert American Psychological Association Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Pediatrics NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Video <h3>What is teen sexual health?</h3> <p>Teen sexual health is about how sex affects your physical and emotional health. It means knowing how to form healthy relationships and making decisions about sex that are right for you.</p> <p>As your body changes during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/puberty.html">puberty</a>, how you think, feel, and interact with others also changes. You may have new feelings and thoughts about sex. Understanding who you're becoming as a sexual young adult is also part of teen sexual health. For some teens, that includes understanding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lgbtqiahealth.html">gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation</a>.</p> <p>For all teens, taking responsibility for sexual health is part of growing up. Whether you choose to have sex or wait, responsibility includes knowing about:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">Sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">Birth control</a></li> <li>What a healthy relationship is </li></ul> <h3>What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?</h3> <p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are caused by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viruses</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html">parasites</a> that spread from person to person, usually during vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Some STIs are spread by skin-to-skin contact. Without treatment, some STIs can cause long-term health problems.</p> <p>There are more than 20 types of STIs, including:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html">Chlamydia</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalherpes.html">Genital herpes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gonorrhea.html">Gonorrhea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html">HPV</a> (human papillomavirus)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pubiclice.html">Pubic lice</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/syphilis.html">Syphilis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/trichomoniasis.html">Trichomoniasis</a></li> </ul> <p>STIs don't always cause symptoms. So it is possible to have an infection without knowing it and then pass it on to someone else. The only way to know for sure whether you have an STI is to get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/std-tests/">tested</a>.</p> <h3>How can I reduce my chances of getting a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?</h3> <p>The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Saying "no" to sex is the right choice for many teens. </p> <p>If you decide to have sex, "safer sex" practices will lower your chance of getting an STI. They include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Talking with your partner about preventing STIs and getting tested before having sex.</strong> If you can't talk about STIs, you aren't ready to have sex.</li> <li><strong>Getting the HPV vaccine.</strong> You can be vaccinated between ages 9 and 26.</li> <li><strong>Using condoms correctly every time you have vaginal, oral, or anal sex:</strong> <ul> <li>External (male) latex condoms provide the best protection against STIs. If you or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms.</li> <li>Internal (female) condoms, made of nitrile, are placed inside the body (vagina or anus). They may be less effective against STIs than latex external condoms.</li> <li>Don't use both type of condoms together because that increases the chance they'll rip</li> <li>Use a dental dam (a square piece of latex, polyurethane, or nitrile) to protect the mouth during oral sex</li> </ul> </li><li><strong>Having sex with only one person who has sex only with you (mutual monogamy).</strong> But first, both of you should get tested for STIs.</li> <li><strong>Not mixing alcohol or drugs with sex.</strong> You need to think clearly to make safer choices about sex.</li> </ul> <h3>How can I reduce the chance of pregnancy?</h3> <p>The only sure way to avoid pregnancy is not to have vaginal sex.</p> <p>If you decide to have vaginal sex, birth control can help prevent pregnancy. There are many types of birth control that work in different ways. Your health care provider can help you choose birth control that's best for you.</p> <p>Condoms are the only birth control method that protects against STIs. But condoms alone aren't the most effective form of birth control. It's safest to use condoms with another form of birth control to prevent both STIs and pregnancy.</p> <h3>What is a healthy relationship?</h3> <p>Healthy sex starts with a healthy relationship, so it's important to take an honest look at how you and your partner treat each other. Your relationship may be healthy if it includes:</p><ul> <li><strong>Respect.</strong> You and your partner value each other's feelings. Neither of you pressure the other to do things they don't want to do.</li> <li><strong>Trust and honesty.</strong> You always tell the truth and trust your partner to do the same.</li> <li><strong>Good communication.</strong> You feel safe talking openly about your feelings, STIs, and other relationships. And you both listen.</li> </ul> <p>Your relationship may be unhealthy if it includes:</p><ul> <li><strong>Jealousy and control.</strong> One of you wants to make all the decisions and tries to keep the other from spending time with their friends and family.</li> <li><strong>Disrespect.</strong> One of you makes fun of the other person's ideas and feelings.</li> <li><strong>Pressure.</strong> One of you tries to bully the other into doing sexual things they don't want to do.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/intimatepartnerviolence.html">Violence</a>.</strong> Hitting, shoving, grabbing, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html">sexual assault</a> should never be part of a relationship. If you don't know how to end a violent relationship, get help.</li> </ul> <p>Your decisions about sex can affect your future health. Make sure that you know the facts so you can decide what is right for you.</p> Children and Teenagers Sexual Health Issues Salud sexual del adolescente Adolescent Sexual Behavior Spanish Teen Development Teen Health Teenage Pregnancy Sexual Health, Teen Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Related Issues Boston Children's Hospital Specifics Boston Children's Hospital Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Youth violence <p>Teen violence refers to harmful behaviors that can start early and continue into young adulthood. The young person can be a victim, an offender, or a witness to the violence.</p> <p>Violent acts can include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bullyingandcyberbullying.html">Bullying</a></li> <li>Fighting, including punching, kicking, slapping, or hitting</li> <li>Use of weapons such as guns or knives</li> </ul> <p>Some violent acts can cause more emotional harm than physical harm. Others can lead to serious injury or even death.</p> <p>An important risk factor for violence in teens is the behavior of their friends and classmates. You should know who your kids hang out with and encourage healthy behavior and relationships.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Children and Teenagers Social/Family Issues Violencia en los adolescentes Adolescent Behavior Violence Spanish Bullying and Cyberbullying Child Behavior Disorders Intimate Partner Violence Teen Health Violence Youth Violence Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Center for PTSD Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here National Institute of Mental Health NIH Statistics and Research Department of Justice Statistics and Research Department of Education Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Mental Health NIH Journal Articles Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Drug Enforcement Administration Related Issues American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Teenagers National Runaway Safeline Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Adolescent pregnancy <p>Most teenage girls don't plan to get <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnant</a>, but many do. Teen pregnancies carry extra health risks to both the mother and the baby. Often, teens don't get prenatal care soon enough, which can lead to problems later on. They have a higher risk for pregnancy-related <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressureinpregnancy.html">high blood pressure</a> and its complications. Risks for the baby include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html">premature birth</a> and a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">low birth weight</a>.</p> <p>If you're a pregnant teen, you can help yourself and your baby by:</p><ul> <li>Getting regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">prenatal care</a></li> <li>Taking your prenatal vitamins for your health and to prevent some birth defects</li> <li>Avoiding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">smoking, alcohol, and drugs</a></li> <li>Using a condom, if you are having sex, to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs) that could hurt your baby. If you or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms.</li> </ul> Children and Teenagers Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Embarazo de adolescentes Pregnancy in Adolescence Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Birth Control Health Problems in Pregnancy Pregnancy Prenatal Care Teen Sexual Health Adolescent Pregnancy Pregnancy, Teen Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Children's Bureau PDF Men Boston Children's Hospital Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Living With American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Find an Expert March of Dimes Foundation Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Symptoms Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Telemedicine <h3>What is telehealth?</h3> <p>Telehealth is the use of communications technologies to provide health care from a distance. These technologies may include computers, cameras, videoconferencing, the Internet, and satellite and wireless communications. Some examples of telehealth include:</p><ul> <li>A "virtual visit" with a health care provider, through a phone call or video chat</li> <li>Remote patient monitoring, which lets your provider check on you while you are at home. For example, you might wear a device that measures your heart rate and sends that information to your provider.</li> <li>A surgeon using robotic technology to do surgery from a different location</li> <li>Sensors that can alert caregivers if a person with dementia leaves the house</li> <li>Sending your provider a message through your electronic health record (EHR)</li> <li>Watching an online video that your provider sent you about how to use an inhaler</li> <li>Getting an email, phone, or text reminder that it's time for a cancer screening</li> </ul> <h3>What is the difference between telemedicine and telehealth?</h3> <p>Sometimes people use the term telemedicine to mean the same thing as telehealth. Telehealth is a broader term. It includes telemedicine. But it also includes things like training for health care providers, health care administrative meetings, and services provided by pharmacists and social workers.</p> <h3>What are the benefits of telehealth?</h3> <p>Some of the benefits of telehealth include:</p><ul> <li>Getting care at home, especially for people who can't easily get to their providers' offices</li> <li>Getting care from a specialist who is not close by</li> <li>Getting care after office hours</li> <li>More communication with your providers</li> <li>Better communication and coordination between health care providers</li> <li>More support for people who are managing their health conditions, especially chronic conditions such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a></li> <li>Lower cost, since virtual visits may be cheaper than in-person visits</li> </ul> <h3>What are the problems with telehealth?</h3> <p>Some of the problems with telehealth include:</p><ul> <li>If your virtual visit is with someone who is not your regular provider, he or she may not have all of your medical history</li> <li>After a virtual visit, it may be up to you to coordinate your care with your regular provider</li> <li>In some cases, the provider may not be able to make the right diagnosis without examining you in person. Or your provider may need you to come in for a lab test.</li> <li>There may be problems with the technology, for example, if you lose the connection, there is a problem with the software, etc.</li> <li>Some insurance companies may not cover telehealth visits</li> </ul> <h3>What types of care can I get using telehealth?</h3> <p>The types of care that you can get using telehealth may include:</p><ul> <li>General health care, like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html">wellness visits</a></li> <li>Prescriptions for medicine</li> <li>Dermatology (skin care)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html">Eye exams</a></li> <li>Nutrition counseling</li> <li>Mental health counseling</li> <li>Urgent care conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sinusitis.html">sinusitis</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html">urinary tract infections</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">common rashes</a>, etc.</li> </ul> <p>For telehealth visits, just like with an in-person visit, it is important to be prepared and have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/talkingwithyourdoctor.html">good communication with the provider</a>.</p> Health System Telesalud Telemedicine Arabic Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Haitian Creole Korean Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese NIH Office of the Director Talking With Your Doctor Children American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Older Adults National Council on Aging Patient Handouts National Kidney Foundation PDF Specifics Department of Health and Human Services Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services PDF Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs Specifics Department of Health and Human Services Specifics National Institute of Mental Health NIH Specifics Department of Health and Human Services Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Department of Health and Human Services <h3>¿Qué es la telesalud?</h3> <p>La telesalud, a veces llamada telemedicina, es el uso de tecnologías de comunicación para brindar atención médica a distancia. Estas tecnologías pueden incluir computadoras, cámaras, videoconferencia, internet y comunicaciones satelitales e inalámbricas. Algunos ejemplos de telemedicina incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Una "visita virtual" con un profesional de la salud a través de una llamada telefónica o videollamada</li> <li>Monitoreo remoto del paciente: Permite a su proveedor controlarlo mientras está en casa. Por ejemplo, puede usar un dispositivo que mida su ritmo cardíaco y envíe esa información a su proveedor</li> <li> Un cirujano que utiliza tecnología robótica para hacer una operación desde una ubicación diferente</li> <li>Sensores que pueden alertar a los cuidadores si una persona con demencia abandona la casa</li> <li>Enviar un mensaje a su profesional de la salud a través de su registro de salud electrónico (también llamado registro médico electrónico)</li> <li>Ver un video en línea que su proveedor le envió sobre cómo usar un inhalador</li> <li>Recibir un recordatorio por correo electrónico, teléfono o mensaje de texto de que es hora de un examen de detección de cáncer</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuál es la diferencia entre telemedicina y telesalud?</h3> <p>A veces se usa el término telemedicina para referirse a telesalud. La telesalud es un término más amplio. Incluye la telemedicina, pero también involucra cosas como capacitación para profesionales de la salud, reuniones administrativas de atención médica y servicios proporcionados por farmacéuticos y trabajadores sociales.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los beneficios de la telesalud?</h3> <p>Algunos de los beneficios de la telesalud incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Recibir atención en el hogar: En especial para personas que no pueden acceder fácilmente a las oficinas de sus profesionales de la salud</li> <li>Recibir atención de un especialista que esté en otra locación </li> <li>Recibir atención después del horario de atención</li> <li>Mayor comunicación con sus proveedores de atención de salud </li> <li>Mejor comunicación y coordinación entre los proveedores de atención médica</li> <li>Mayor apoyo para las personas que manejan sus afecciones de salud, especialmente enfermedades crónicas como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a></li> <li>Menor costo, ya que las visitas virtuales pueden ser más baratas que las visitas en persona</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los problemas que presenta la telesalud?</h3> <p>Algunos de los problemas con la telesalud incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Si su visita virtual es con un profesional de la salud que no es su proveedor habitual, es posible que él o ella no tenga todos sus antecedentes médicos</li> <li>Después de una visita virtual, puede que usted deba coordinar su atención con su proveedor habitual</li> <li>En algunos casos, es posible que el proveedor no pueda hacer el diagnóstico correcto sin examinarlo en persona, o su proveedor puede necesitar que venga para una prueba de laboratorio</li> <li>Puede haber problemas con la tecnología, por ejemplo, si pierde la conexión o hay un problema con el software, entre otros</li> <li>Algunas compañías de seguros pueden no cubrir las visitas de telesalud</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué tipos de atención puedo obtener usando telesalud?</h3> <p>Los tipos de atención que puede recibir usando telesalud pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Atención médica general, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html">visitas de bienestar</a></li> <li>Recetas para medicamentos</li> <li>Dermatología (cuidado de la piel)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eyecare.html">Exámenes de la vista</a></li> <li>Asesoría nutricional</li> <li>Consejería sobre salud mental</li> <li> Atención de urgencia para algunas afecciones, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sinusitis.html">sinusitis</a>, i<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">infecciones de las vías urinarias</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">erupciones cutáneas comunes</a>, entre otras</li> </ul> <p>Al igual que con las visitas en persona, para las visitas de telesalud es importante estar preparado y tener una buena comunicación con su profesional de la salud.</p> Sistemas de salud Telehealth Oficina del Director de NIH Hablando con su doctor Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid PDF Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Centros de Servicios de Medicare y Medicaid Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Temblor esencial <h3>¿Qué es un temblor?</h3> <p>Un temblor es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">afección neurológica</a> que incluye movimientos temblorosos o agitados en una o más partes del cuerpo. Afecta con mayor frecuencia a las manos, pero también puede ocurrir en brazos, piernas, la cabeza, las cuerdas vocales y el torso (tronco). El temblor es involuntario, lo que significa que no puede controlarlo. Ocurre debido a contracciones musculares.</p> <p>El temblor puede aparecer y desaparecer o puede ser constante. Puede ocurrir por sí solo o ser causado por otro trastorno. No pone en riesgo la vida, pero puede ocasionar dificultades. Puede hacer más difícil la realización de tareas de la vida diaria como escribir, tipear, comer y vestirse. En algunos casos, el temblor puede incluso provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disabilities.html">discapacidad</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de temblor?</h3> <p>Existen varios tipos de temblor, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Temblor esencial</strong>: A veces llamado temblor esencial benigno o temblor familiar. Este es el tipo más común. Suele afectar tanto a las manos como a los brazos al moverlos. También puede afectar la cabeza, la voz o las piernas</li> <li><strong>Temblor parkinsoniano</strong>: Síntoma común en personas que tienen la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html">enfermedad de Parkinson</a>. Por lo general, afecta una o ambas manos cuando están en reposo, pero puede afectar la barbilla, los labios, el rostro y las piernas</li> <li><strong>Temblor distónico</strong>: Ocurre en personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dystonia.html">distonía</a>, un trastorno del movimiento que causa contracciones musculares involuntarias, lo que produce movimientos retorcidos y repetitivos. Puede afectar a cualquier músculo del cuerpo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son las causas del temblor?</h3> <p>En general, el temblor es causado por un problema en las partes profundas del cerebro que controlan los movimientos. Para la mayoría de los tipos, la causa es desconocida. Algunos tipos se heredan y se presentan en familias. También puede haber otras causas, como:</p> <ul> <li>Trastornos neurológicos: Incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html">esclerosis múltiple</a>, enfermedad de Parkinson, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">accidente cerebrovascular</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">lesión cerebral traumática</a></li> <li>Ciertos medicamentos: Medicinas para el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">asma</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerchemotherapy.html">quimioterapia</a>, anfetaminas, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a> y medicamentos utilizados para ciertos trastornos psiquiátricos y neurológicos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">Trastorno por consumo de alcohol</a> o abstinencia de alcohol</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/poisoning.html">Envenenamiento</a> por ciertas sustancias tóxicas, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pesticides.html">pesticidas</a> y metales pesados como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mercury.html">mercurio</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leadpoisoning.html">plomo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html">Hipertiroidismo</a> (tiroides hiperactiva)</li> <li>Insuficiencia hepática o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">renal</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">Ansiedad</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html">pánico</a></li> <li>Demasiada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">cafeína</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener temblores?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede tener temblor, pero es más común en adultos de mediana edad y mayores. Para ciertos tipos de temblores, tener antecedentes familiares aumenta el riesgo de contraerlo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del temblor?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del temblor pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Sacudidas rítmicas en las manos, brazos, cabeza, piernas o torso</li> <li>Voz temblorosa</li> <li>Dificultad para escribir o dibujar</li> <li>Problemas para sostener y controlar utensilios, como una cuchara</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el temblor?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene temblores y encontrar la causa, su profesional de la salud probablemente use:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Un examen físico, que incluye verificar: <ul> <li>Si el temblor ocurre cuando los músculos están en reposo o en acción</li> <li>La ubicación del temblor</li> <li>Con qué frecuencia tiene el temblor y qué tan fuerte es</li> </ul> </li> <li>Un examen neurológico, incluyendo la verificación de: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/balanceproblems.html">Problemas de equilibrio</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">Problemas del habla</a></li> <li>Aumento de la rigidez muscular</li> </ul> </li> <li>Análisis de sangre u orina para buscar la causa</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">Pruebas de imagen</a> para ayudar a determinar si la causa es daño cerebral</li> <li>Pruebas que verifiquen sus habilidades para realizar tareas diarias, como escribir a mano y sostener un tenedor o una taza </li><li>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electromiografia-y-estudios-de-conduccion-nerviosa/">electromiograma</a>. Esta es una prueba que mide la actividad muscular involuntaria y cómo sus músculos responden a la estimulación nerviosa</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el temblor?</h3> <p>No existe una cura para la mayoría de las formas de temblor, pero existen tratamientos para ayudar a controlar los síntomas. En algunos casos, los síntomas pueden ser tan leves que no necesita tratamiento.</p> <p>Encontrar el tratamiento adecuado depende de obtener el diagnóstico correcto de la causa. El temblor causado por otra afección médica puede mejorar o desaparecer cuando se trata el problema de base. Si su temblor es causado por algún medicamento, suspender su uso generalmente hace que el temblor desaparezca.</p> <p>Los tratamientos para el temblor pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong>: Existen diferentes medicinas para los tipos específicos de temblor. Otra opción son las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/botox.html">inyecciones de Botox</a>, que pueden tratar varios tipos diferentes de temblores</li> <li><strong>Cirugía</strong>: Se puede utilizar en casos graves que no mejoran con medicamentos. El tipo más común es la estimulación cerebral profunda. Esta utiliza electrodos que se implantan en el cerebro. Los electrodos envían pulsos eléctricos a las partes del cerebro que causan el temblor.</li> <li><strong>Terapia física</strong>, del habla y del lenguaje y ocupacional: Puede ayudar a controlar el temblor y lidiar con los desafíos diarios que causa</li> </ul> <p>Si encuentra que la cafeína y otros estimulantes desencadenan sus temblores, puede ser útil eliminarlos de su dieta.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Personas mayores Cerebro y nervios Tremor Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH TMD TMJ disorders Temporomandibular joint dysfunction <h3>What are temporomandibular disorders (TMDs)?</h3> <p>Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of more than 30 conditions that affect your temporomandibular joints (TMJs). You have two TMJs; one on each side of your jaw. They connect your lower jaw to your skull.</p> <p>TMDs can cause problems in your jaw joint and your muscles that control jaw movement. These problems can include pain, stiffness, and trouble chewing.</p> <p>There are three main types of TMDs:</p> <ul> <li>Disorders of your jaw joints</li> <li>Disorders of the muscles you use for chewing</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headaches</a> from a TMD</li> </ul> <p>Many TMDs last only a short time and go away on their own. However, in some cases they can become chronic (long lasting)</p> <h3>What causes temporomandibular disorders (TMDs)?</h3> <p>Sometimes an injury to the jaw or TMJ can cause a TMD. But in most cases, the cause is not known.</p> <p>Research suggests that certain factors may play a role in why a TMD starts and whether it will be long lasting:</p> <ul> <li>Genetics</li> <li>Psychological and life stressors</li> <li>How someone perceives pain</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop a temporomandibular disorder (TMD)?</h3> <p>Anyone can develop a TMD, but it is more common in women than in men. It is most common in women between 35 and 44 years old.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs)?</h3> <p>The symptoms of TMDs may include:</p> <ul> <li>Pain in the chewing muscles and/or jaw joint. This is the most common symptom.</li> <li>Pain that spreads to the face or neck.</li> <li>Jaw stiffness.</li> <li>Limited movement or locking of the jaw.</li> <li>Painful clicking or popping in your jaw joint when you open or close your mouth. However, clicking or popping <strong>without</strong> pain is common and is not a sign of a TMD.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tinnitus.html">Tinnitus</a> (ringing in the ears), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">hearing loss</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">dizziness</a>.</li> <li>A change in the way the upper and lower teeth fit together.</li> </ul> <h3>How are temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is no standard test used to diagnose TMDs, and some other conditions can cause some similar symptoms. This can make TMDs hard to diagnose.</p> <p>To find out if you have a TMD, your health care provider or dentist:</p> <ul> <li>Will take a detailed medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms. They will want to know: <ul> <li>Where the pain is</li> <li>When you have it</li> <li>What makes it better or worse</li> <li>If it stays in one area or spreads to other parts of your body</li> <li>If you have any other pain conditions such as headache or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backpain.html">back pain</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Will examine your head, neck, face, and jaw for: <ul> <li>Tenderness</li> <li>Jaw clicking or popping</li> <li>Problems moving your jaw</li> </ul> </li> <li>May order <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging studies</a> such as an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs)?</h3> <p>For many people, the symptoms of TMD are temporary. To help you feel better, your provider or dentist may suggest that you:</p> <ul> <li>Eat soft foods.</li> <li>Apply heat or cold to the face and do some exercises to gently stretch and strengthen your jaw muscles.</li> <li>Take over-the-counter <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a>, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen.</li> <li>Stop clenching your jaw, chewing gum, and biting your nails.</li> </ul> <p>If those do not help, your provider or dentist may suggest other treatments such as:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Physical therapy</strong></li> <li><strong>Self-management and behavioral health approaches</strong>, which can include: <ul> <li><strong>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)</strong>, a type of psychotherapy. It can help you identify negative thoughts and change them. It can also teach you coping skills.</li> <li><strong>Biofeedback</strong>, which involves using electronic devices to teach you to control certain body functions, such as your heartbeat, blood pressure, and muscle tension. For example, it can detect when you tighten your jaw muscles. You can learn how to recognize when this happens and then relax your muscles.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> such as: <ul> <li>Anti-anxiety medicines</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">Antidepressants</a></li> <li>Anti-seizure medicines</li> <li>Prescription pain relievers</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>An intraoral appliance</strong>, which is a device that fits over your teeth. Types of intraoral appliances include oral splints and mouth guards. If you are going to use one, it's important to: <ul> <li>Know that there is not a lot of evidence that they improve TMD pain.</li> <li>Make sure that the appliance you have is not designed to permanently change your bite.</li> <li>Let your provider or dentist know if it makes your pain worse.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">Complementary treatments</a></strong>, which are treatments that are used along with mainstream medical care. There is limited evidence showing that they help with TMD symptoms. But some providers and dentists may recommend <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/acupuncture.html">acupuncture</a> and transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS). TENS involves using a device to send a gentle electric current to your nerves or muscles. It may help treat pain by interrupting or blocking the pain signals.</li> </ul> <p>If you are still having severe symptoms from a TMD, your provider or dentist may suggest surgery, including implant surgery, or another procedure.</p> <p>It's important to be careful, because sometimes surgery or another procedure may not work or may even make your symptoms worse. Before any surgery or other procedure, it is very important to get opinions from more than one provider and to completely understand the risks. If possible, get an opinion from a surgeon who specializes in treating TMDs.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</p> Mouth and Teeth Trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Spanish National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research TMD TMJ Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Videos and Tutorials National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Video NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Start Here Patient Handouts National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Start Here American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Inflamación de los tendones <p>Los tendones son cuerdas resistentes de tejido que unen los músculos con los huesos. Ayudan a los músculos a mover los huesos. Tendinitis es la inflamación severa de un tendón. </p> <p>La tendinitis ocurre en forma usual tras una lesión recurrente en articulaciones como la muñeca o el tobillo. Algunos tipos comunes de tendinitis son nombrados según el deporte que aumenta su riesgo de sufrirla, como el "codo de tenista". </p> <p>Los médicos diagnostican la tendinitis con su historia clínica, un examen físico y pruebas de imagen. El primer paso del tratamiento es reducir el dolor y la hinchazón. El descanso, inmovilizar o elevar el área afectada, junto a las medicinas, pueden ayudar. El hielo es útil para lesiones graves recientes. Otros tratamientos incluyen el ultrasonido, fisioterapia, inyecciones de esteroides y la cirugía.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Tendinitis Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Enfermedades musculares Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana de Cirugía de la Mano Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Tendonitis <p>Tendons are flexible bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones. They help your muscles move your bones. Tendinitis is the severe swelling of a tendon.</p> <p>Tendinitis usually happens after repeated injury to an area such as the wrist or ankle. It causes pain and soreness around a joint. Some common forms of tendinitis are named after the sports that increase their risk. They include tennis elbow, golfer's elbow, pitcher's shoulder, swimmer's shoulder, and jumper's knee.</p> <p>Doctors diagnose tendinitis with your medical history, a physical exam, and imaging tests. The first step in treatment is to reduce pain and swelling. Rest, wrapping or elevating the affected area, and medicines can help. Ice is helpful for recent, severe injuries. Other treatments include ultrasound, physical therapy, steroid injections, and surgery.</p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Tendinitis Tendinopathy Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Muscle Disorders Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert American College of Rheumatology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Treatments and Therapies American College of Rheumatology Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Teenagers Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Rheumatology Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Medicina alternativa para el cáncer Medicina complementaria para el cáncer Terapia complementaria para el cáncer <p>Usted tiene muchas opciones para su tratamiento del cáncer. Una de las opciones que puede considerar es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">medicina complementaria y alternativa</a>, que se refiere a los productos y las prácticas médicas que no forman parte de los cuidados estándar. Ejemplos de estas terapias son la acupuntura, la quiropráctica y la medicina herbaria.</p> <p>Los pacientes de cáncer pueden usar medicina complementaria y alternativa para:</p> <ul> <li>Ayudar a enfrentar los efectos secundarios del tratamiento de cáncer</li> <li>Disminuir las preocupaciones por el tratamiento de cáncer y el estrés que significa</li> <li>Sentir que están haciendo algo más para ayudar en su cuidado propio</li> </ul> <p>Los tratamientos complementarios y alternativos no funcionan para todos, pero algunos métodos como la acupuntura pueden ayudar a mejorar las náuseas, el dolor y otros efectos secundarios del tratamiento contra el cáncer. Hable con su médico para asegurarse que todos los aspectos del tratamiento funcionen en forma conjunta.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Terapias complementarias y alternativas Cancer Alternative Therapies Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Antioxidantes Medicina complementaria e integral Medicina herbaria Cáncer, Terapia alternativa Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Salud Complementaria e Integral NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Oxigenoterapia <h3>¿Qué es el oxígeno?</h3> <p>El oxígeno es un gas que su cuerpo necesita para funcionar bien. Sus células necesitan oxígeno para producir energía. Sus pulmones absorben el oxígeno del aire que respira. Luego ingresa a la sangre desde los pulmones y viaja a sus órganos y tejidos del cuerpo.</p> <p>Ciertas afecciones médicas pueden reducir sus niveles de oxígeno en la sangre. Un bajo nivel de oxígeno en la sangre puede hacer que se sienta <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">sin aliento</a>, cansado y confundido. También puede dañar su cuerpo. La terapia con oxígeno puede ayudarle a obtener más oxígeno.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la oxigenoterapia?</h3> <p>La terapia con oxígeno es un tratamiento que le entrega oxígeno adicional para respirar. También se le llama oxígeno suplementario. Solo su profesional de la salud puede indicarle recibirla. Puede obtenerla en el hospital, otro entorno médico o en el hogar. Algunas personas solo la necesitan por un corto período de tiempo. Otros necesitan oxigenoterapia a largo plazo.</p> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de dispositivos que pueden proporcionarle oxígeno. Algunos usan tanques de oxígeno líquido o gaseoso. Otros usan un concentrador de oxígeno, el que extrae oxígeno del aire. Lo puede obtener a través de un tubo nasal (cánula), una máscara o una cámara de oxígeno. El oxígeno adicional es inspirado junto al aire normal.</p> <p>Existen dispositivos portátiles de tanques y concentradores de oxígeno. Pueden hacer que sea más fácil moverse mientras se aplica la terapia.</p> <h3>¿Quién necesita oxigenoterapia?</h3> <p>Usted puede necesitar terapia con oxígeno si tiene una afección que causa niveles bajos de oxígeno en la sangre, como:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="../spanish/copd.html" tid="1836">Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">Neumonía</a></li> <li><a href="covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" tid="3182">Enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)</a></li> <li> Ataque grave de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">asma</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Insuficiencia cardíaca</a> en etapa avanzada</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html">Fibrosis quística</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepapnea.html">Apnea del sueño</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los riesgos de usar oxigenoterapia?</h3> <p>En general, la oxigenoterapia es segura, pero puede causar efectos secundarios, como nariz seca o con sangre, cansancio y dolores de cabeza durante las mañanas.</p> <p>El oxígeno presenta un riesgo de incendio, por lo que nunca debe fumar ni usar materiales inflamables cuando lo use. Si utiliza tanques de oxígeno, asegúrese de que su tanque está firme y se mantenga en posición vertical. Si se cae y se rompe, o la parte superior se quiebra, el tanque puede salir volando como un misil.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la oxigenoterapia hiperbárica?</h3> <p>La oxigenoterapia hiperbárica es un tipo diferente de terapia con oxígeno. Consiste en respirar oxígeno en una cámara o tubo presurizado, permitiendo que sus pulmones acumulen hasta tres veces más oxígeno del que obtendría al respirar a una presión de aire normal. El oxígeno adicional se mueve a través de su sangre hacia sus órganos y tejidos corporales. La oxigenoterapia hiperbárica se usa para tratar ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html">heridas</a> graves, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html">quemaduras</a>, lesiones e infecciones. También trata las embolias de aire o gas (burbujas de aire en el torrente sanguíneo), la enfermedad de descompresión que sufren los buzos y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html">envenenamiento con monóxido de carbono</a>.</p> <p>Algunos centros de tratamiento afirman que la oxigenoterapia hiperbárica puede tratar casi cualquier afección, incluyendo la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alzheimersdisease.html">enfermedad de Alzheimer</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html">autismo</a>, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancer.html">cáncer</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lymedisease.html">enfermedad de Lyme</a>. La Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de los Estados Unidos (FDA) no ha aprobado o admitido el uso de esta terapia para estas afecciones. El uso de oxigenoterapia hiperbárica tiene riesgos, por ello, consulte siempre con su profesional de la salud antes de probarla.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Cirugía y rehabilitación Oxygen Therapy Oxígeno, Terapia Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">menopausia</a> es la época de la vida de una mujer en la cual deja de tener menstruacionesLos años antes y durante la menopausia, los niveles de hormonas femeninas pueden subir y bajar. Esto puede provocar síntomas como acaloramientos súbitos, sudoración nocturna, dolor durante las relaciones sexuales y resequedad vaginal. Para algunas mujeres, los síntomas son leves y desaparecen por si solos. Otras reciben un tratamiento de reemplazo hormonal, también llamada terapia hormonal para la menopausia, para aliviar esos síntomas. El tratamientotambién puede protegerla contra la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>. </p> <p>La terapia de reemplazo hormonal no es para todos. No debería someterse a ella si:</p> <ul> <li>Piensa que está embarazada</li> <li>Tiene problemas de sangrado vaginal</li> <li>Ha tenido ciertos tipos de cáncer</li> <li>Ha tenido un accidente cerebrovascular o ataque cardíaco</li> <li>Ha tenido coágulos de sangre</li> <li>Tiene enfermedad hepática</li> </ul> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de terapia de reemplazo hormonal. Algunas contienen solo una hormona, mientras que otras tienen dos. La mayoría son pastillas que toma todos los días, pero también hay parches cutáneos, cremas vaginales, geles y anillos. </p> <p>La terapia de reemplazo hormonal tiene algunos riesgos. Para algunas mujeres, puede aumentar sus probabilidades de desarrollar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulos sanguíneos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataques cardíacos</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">derrames cerebrales</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastcancer.html">cáncer de mama</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gallbladderdiseases.html">enfermedad de la vesícula biliar</a>. Ciertos tipos de terapia de reemplazo hormonal tienen un mayor riesgo, los que pueden variar en cada mujer, dependiendo de su historia clínica y estilo de vida. Usted y su proveedor de atención médica deben analizar los riesgos y beneficios. Si decide someterse a la terapia, debe consistir en la dosis más baja y por el tiempo más corto posible. Debe confirmar si aún necesita tomar la terapia de reemplazo hormonal cada 3-6 meses.</p> <p class="">Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos </p> Mujeres Sistema endocrino Tratamiento con medicamentos Sistema reproductor femenino Hormone Replacement Therapy Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Menopausia Hormonas, Terapia de reemplazo Menopausia, Terapia hormonal Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Cuidado crítico Cuidado intensivo <h3>¿Qué es la terapia intensiva?</h3> <p>La terapia intensiva (también llamada atención crítica) es la atención médica para personas que tienen lesiones y enfermedades que pueden ser mortales. Suele proveerse en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Un equipo de proveedores de atención médica especialmente capacitados brinda esta atención las 24 horas. Esto incluye el uso de máquinas para controlar en forma constante sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitalsigns.html">signos vitales</a>. En general, también implica brindar tratamientos especializados.</p> <h3>¿Quién necesita terapia intensiva?</h3> <p>Usted necesita terapia intensiva si tiene una enfermedad o lesión que puede ser mortal, como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html">Quemaduras</a> severas</li> <li><a href="covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html" tid="3182" aria-describedby="ui-id-5">Enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">Ataque cardiaco</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">Insuficiencia cardiaca</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">Insuficiencia renal</a></li> <li>Personas recuperándose de ciertas cirugías mayores</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/respiratoryfailure.html">Insuficiencia respiratoria</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sepsis.html">Sepsis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleeding.html">Hemorragia</a> severa</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html">Infecciones</a> graves</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/woundsandinjuries.html">Lesiones</a> graves como accidentes automovilísticos, caídas y tiroteos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shock.html">Shock</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Accidente cerebrovascular</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué ocurre en una unidad de cuidados intensivos?</h3> <p>En una unidad de cuidados intensivos, profesionales de la salud usan muchos equipos diferentes, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li>Catéteres: Tubos flexibles que se usan para introducir líquidos en el cuerpo o para drenarlos del cuerpo</li> <li>Máquinas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">diálisis</a> (riñones artificiales) para personas con insuficiencia renal</li> <li>Sondas de alimentación: Brindan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutritionalsupport.html">nutrición artificial</a></li> <li>Sondas intravenosas (IV) para administrarle líquidos y medicamentos</li> <li>Máquinas que verifican sus signos vitales y los registran en monitores</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oxygentherapy.html">Terapia de oxígeno</a> para brindarle oxígeno adicional para respirar</li> <li>Cánulas de traqueostomía: Son tubos para la respiración. La cánula se coloca en un orificio hecho quirúrgicamente que atraviesa el cuello y llega a la tráquea</li> <li> Ventiladores (máquinas de respiración): Mueven el aire dentro y fuera de los pulmones. Esto es para personas con insuficiencia respiratoria</li> </ul> <p>Estas máquinas pueden ayudarle a mantenerse con vida, pero muchas de ellas también pueden aumentar su riesgo de infección.</p> <p>En ocasiones, las personas en una unidad de cuidados intensivos no pueden comunicarse. Es importante que cuente con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/advancedirectives.html">directivas médicas por adelantado</a>. Esto puede ayudar a sus proveedores de atención médica y sus familiares a tomar decisiones importantes, incluyendo decisiones sobre el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoflifeissues.html">final de la vida</a>, si usted no puede tomarlas.</p> Cirugía y rehabilitación Critical Care Cuidado crítico Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>Se produce un terremoto cuando hay un desplazamiento súbito de un bloque de tierra sobre otro. Los terremotos ocurren repentinamente, en forma violenta y sin aviso previo en cualquier momento del día o de la noche. Si un terremoto ocurre en un área poblada, puede causar daños a las propiedades, lesiones e incluso muertes. Si vive en un área costera, existe la posibilidad de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tsunamis.html">tsunami</a>. Los daños causados por los terremotos también pueden conducir a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html">inundaciones</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wildfires.html">incendios</a>.</p> <p>Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad durante un terremoto, usted puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">plan de acción para casos de desastres</a>. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si usted experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Es posible que necesite ayuda para encontrar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html">maneras de superarlo</a>. </p> <p class="">Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</p> Desastres Earthquakes Enfrentarse con desastres Preparativos y recuperación ante un desastre Desastres naturales Más información Spanish/Español Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Cruz Roja Americana Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional <h3>What is testicular cancer?</h3> <p>Testicular cancer is a cancer that develops in the tissues of one or both testicles. The testicles, or testes, are part of the male reproductive system. They make male hormones and sperm. They are two egg-shaped glands inside the scrotum, a sac of loose skin that lies below the penis. You can get cancer in one or both testicles.</p> <h3>Who is most likely to develop testicular cancer?</h3> <p>Testicular cancer is very rare. You can get it at any age, but it is most common in men between the ages of 20 and 39. It is also more common in those who:</p> <ul> <li>Have had abnormal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/testiculardisorders.html">testicle</a> development</li> <li>Have had an undescended testicle, a condition in which one or both testicles fail to move into the scrotum before birth</li> <li>Have had testicle cancer before</li> <li>Have a family history of the cancer</li> <li>Are White</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of testicular cancer?</h3> <p>The symptoms of testicular cancer may include:</p> <ul> <li>A painless lump or swelling in either testicle</li> <li>A change in how the testicle feels</li> <li>A dull ache in the lower abdomen (belly) or the groin (the area where the thigh meets the abdomen)</li> <li>A sudden build-up of fluid in the scrotum</li> <li>Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum</li> </ul> <h3>How is testicular cancer diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have testicular cancer, your health care provider may use:</p> <ul> <li>A physical exam.</li> <li>Blood tests.</li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">ultrasound</a> of the testicles.</li> <li>An inguinal orchiectomy, which is a procedure to remove the entire testicle. A tissue sample from the testicle is viewed under a microscope to check for cancer cells.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for testicular cancer?</h3> <p>Testicular cancer can usually be cured.The treatment options include:</p> <ul> <li>Surgery (if the testicle has not already been removed during diagnosis).</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">Radiation therapy</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a>.</li> <li>High-dose chemotherapy with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stemcells.html">stem cell transplant</a>.</li> <li>Surveillance, which might be done after surgery. It means that your provider will closely follow your condition with regular exams and tests. You won't get any further treatment unless there are changes in your test results.</li> </ul> <p>Some of the treatments may also cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html">infertility</a>. If you may want to have children later on, you should consider sperm banking before treatment.</p> <p>After you have finished your treatment, you will need regular follow-up testing to make sure that the cancer has not come back. If you have had cancer in one testicle, you have a higher risk of getting cancer in the other testicle. So it's important to check the other testicle regularly and let your provider know if you notice any changes or unusual symptoms.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Endocrine System Men Male Reproductive System Cáncer de testículo Testicular Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Testicular Disorders Seminoma Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Teenagers Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Related Issues American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society <p>Testicles, or testes, make male hormones and sperm. They are two egg-shaped organs inside the scrotum, the loose sac of skin behind the penis. It's easy to injure your testicles because they are not protected by bones or muscles. Men and boys should wear athletic supporters when they play sports. </p> <p>You should examine your testicles monthly and seek medical attention for lumps, redness, pain or other changes. Testicles can get inflamed or infected. They can also develop cancer. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/testicularcancer.html">Testicular cancer</a> is rare and highly treatable. It usually happens between the ages of 15 and 40.</p> Endocrine System Men Sexual Health Issues Male Reproductive System Enfermedades de los testículos Testicular Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Penis Disorders Testicular Cancer Male Genital Disorders Semen Undescended Testicle Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children American Academy of Pediatrics Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Children Nemours Foundation Video Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Prevention and Risk Factors Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Children American Academy of Pediatrics <p>Tetanus is a serious illness caused by Clostridium bacteria. The bacteria live in soil, saliva, dust, and manure. The bacteria can enter the body through a deep cut, like those you might get from stepping on a nail, or through a burn.</p> <p>The infection causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all over the body. It can lead to "locking" of the jaw. This makes it impossible to open your mouth or swallow. Tetanus is a medical emergency. You need to get treatment in a hospital.</p> <p>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">vaccine</a> can prevent tetanus. It is given as a part of routine childhood vaccination. Adults should get a tetanus shot, or booster, every 10 years. If you get a bad cut or burn, see your doctor - you may need a booster. Immediate and proper wound care can prevent tetanus infection.</p> Infections Tétanos Tetanus Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines Vaccines Lockjaw Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Immunization Action Coalition PDF DTaP DTaP/Tdap/Td Td Td vaccination booster Tdap Tetanus booster <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanus.html">Tetanus</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diphtheria.html">diphtheria</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/whoopingcough.html">pertussis</a> (whooping cough) are serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacterial infections</a>:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Tetanus</strong> is an uncommon disease that requires immediate treatment in a hospital. It causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all over the body. It can lead to "locking" of the jaw.</li> <li><strong>Diphtheria</strong> usually affects the nose and throat. But it can also affect the skin and other body parts.</li> <li><strong>Whooping cough</strong> can cause uncontrollable coughing fits. It may begin like a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">cold</a>, but unlike a cold, the coughing can last for weeks or months.</li> </ul> <p>Vaccines can protect you from these diseases. In the U.S., there are three combination vaccines:</p> <ul> <li><strong>DTaP</strong> (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) prevents all three diseases. It is for babies and children under age 7. There are several different DTaP vaccines. Some of them also protect against other diseases.</li> <li><strong>Tdap</strong> (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) also prevents all three diseases. It is for older children and adults.</li> <li><strong>Td</strong> (tetanus and diphtheria) prevents those two diseases. It is for older children and adults. It is usually given as a booster dose every 10 years. You may also get it after 5 years if you get a severe or dirty wound or burn.</li> </ul> <p>Some people should not get these vaccines, including those who have had severe reactions to the shots before. Check with your health care provider first if you have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">seizures</a>, a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">neurologic problem</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/guillainbarresyndrome.html">Guillain-Barre syndrome</a>. </p> <p>People with minor illnesses such as a cold can get vaccinated. But those who are more ill may need wait until they feel better before getting some vaccines.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Immune System Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine Amharic Arabic Armenian Bengali Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Chuukese Farsi French German Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Ilocano Indonesian Italian Japanese Karen Khmer Kinyarwanda Korean Marshallese Pashto Pohnpeian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Russian Samoan Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Thai Tigrinya Tongan Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Yiddish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Childhood Vaccines Diphtheria Tetanus Vaccines Whooping Cough Start Here Immunization Action Coalition Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Start Here Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Start Here Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Teenagers Immunization Action Coalition Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooley's anemia Mediterranean anemia <p>Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders. If you have one, your body makes fewer healthy red blood cells and less hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen to the body. That leads to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anemia.html">anemia</a>. Thalassemias occur most often among people of Italian, Greek, Middle Eastern, Southern Asian, and African descent.</p> <p>Thalassemias can be mild or severe. Some people have no symptoms or mild anemia. The most common severe type in the United States is called Cooley's anemia. It usually appears during the first two years of life. People with it may have severe anemia, slowed growth and delayed puberty, and problems with the spleen, liver, heart, or bones.</p> <p>Doctors diagnose thalassemias using blood tests. Treatments include blood transfusions and treatment to remove excess iron from the body. If you have mild symptoms or no symptoms, you may not need treatment. In some severe cases, you may need a bone marrow transplant.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Talasemia Thalassemia Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Anemia Cooley's Anemia Mediterranean Anemia Specifics Cooley's Anemia Foundation Start Here National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH TOS <p>Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) causes pain in the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html">shoulder</a>, arm, and neck. It happens when the nerves or blood vessels just below your neck are compressed, or squeezed. The compression can happen between the muscles of your neck and shoulder or between the first rib and collarbone. You may feel burning, tingling, and numbness along your arm, hand, and fingers. If a nerve is compressed, you may also feel weakness in your hand. If a vein is compressed, your hand might be sensitive to cold, or turn pale or bluish. Your arm might swell and tire easily.</p> <p>TOS is more common in women. It usually starts between 20 and 50 years of age. Doctors do nerve and imaging studies to diagnose it.</p> <p>There are many causes of TOS, including:</p><ul> <li>Injury</li> <li>Anatomical defects</li> <li>Tumors that press on nerves</li> <li>Poor posture that causes nerve compression</li> <li>Pregnancy</li> <li>Repetitive arm and shoulder movements and activity, such as from playing certain sports</li> </ul> <p>Treatment depends on what caused your TOS. Medicines, physical therapy, and relaxation might help. Surgery may also be an option. Most people recover.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Síndrome de la salida torácica Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Learn More National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Hypopharyngeal cancer Laryngeal cancer Laryngopharyngeal cancer Nasopharyngeal cancer Oropharyngeal cancer Pharyngeal cancer <p>Throat cancer is a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headandneckcancer.html">head and neck cancer</a>. Throat cancer has different names, depending on which part of the throat is affected. The different parts of your throat are called the oropharynx, the hypopharynx, the nasopharynx, and the larynx, or voice box.</p> <p>The main risk factors for throat cancer are tobacco use and heavy drinking. Certain types of throat cancer also have other risk factors. For example, having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html">HPV</a> is a risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer.</p> <p>Symptoms of throat cancer may include:</p><ul> <li>A sore throat that does not go away</li> <li>A lump in the neck</li> <li>Pain or ringing in the ears</li> <li>Trouble swallowing</li> <li>Ear pain</li> </ul> <p>To diagnose throat cancers, doctors may do a physical exam and history, imaging tests, and a biopsy. You may also need other tests, depending on the type of cancer. Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Treatment for some types of throat cancer may also include targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Ear, Nose and Throat Cáncer de garganta Pharyngeal Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Head and Neck Cancer Oral Cancer Throat Disorders Hypopharyngeal Cancer Laryngeal Cancer Laryngopharyngeal Cancer Nasopharyngeal Cancer Oropharyngeal Cancer Pharyngeal Cancer Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Find an Expert American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Pharyngeal disorders <p>Your throat is a tube that carries food to your esophagus and air to your windpipe and larynx. The technical name for your throat is the pharynx. </p> <p>Throat problems are common. You've probably had a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html">sore throat</a>. The cause is usually a viral infection, but other causes include allergies, infection with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html">strep</a> bacteria or the leaking of stomach acids back up into the esophagus, called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gerd.html">GERD</a>. </p> <p>Other problems that affect the throat include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tonsillitis.html">Tonsillitis</a> - inflammation of the tonsils</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/throatcancer.html">Cancer</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/croup.html">Croup</a> - inflammation, usually in small children, which causes a barking cough</li> <li>Laryngitis - swelling of the voice box, which can cause a hoarse voice or loss of voice</li> </ul> <p>Most throat problems are minor and go away on their own. Treatments, when needed, depend on the problem. </p> Lungs and Breathing Ear, Nose and Throat Enfermedades de la garganta Pharyngeal Diseases Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Adenoids Croup Mouth Disorders Sore Throat Speech and Communication Disorders Swallowing Disorders Throat Cancer Tonsillitis Voice Disorders Laryngitis Pharynx Disorders Voicebox Disorders Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Children American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Symptoms American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Journal Articles Related Issues National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Symptoms American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Thymoma <p>The thymus is a small organ in your upper chest, under your breastbone. Before birth and during childhood, the thymus helps the body make a type of white blood cell. These cells help protect you from infections. </p> <p>Cancer of the thymus is rare. You are more likely to get it if you have other diseases such as myasthenia gravis, lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. Sometimes there are no symptoms. Other times, thymus cancer can cause:</p><ul> <li>A cough that doesn't go away </li> <li>Chest pain</li> <li>Trouble breathing</li> </ul> <p>Doctors use a physical exam, imaging tests, and a biopsy to diagnose thymus cancer. The most common treatment is surgery to remove the tumor. Other options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Immune System Endocrine System Cáncer de timo Thymus Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Find an Expert American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society <h3>What is thyroid cancer?</h3> <p>Thyroid cancer is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the thyroid. Your thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a> that control the way the body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ in your body and control many of your body's most important functions. For example, they affect your breathing, heart rate, weight, digestion, and moods.</p> <h3>What are the different types of thyroid cancer?</h3> <p>There are different types of thyroid cancer; the main ones include:</p> <ul> <li>Differentiated thyroid cancer, which includes papillary cancer and follicular cancer</li> <li>Medullary thyroid cancer</li> <li>Anaplastic thyroid cancer</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop thyroid cancer?</h3> <p>Certain people are more likely to develop thyroid cancer. Your risk is higher if you:</p> <ul> <li>Are between ages 25 and 65</li> <li>Are a woman</li> <li>Are Asian</li> <li>Were exposed to certain types of radiation, including from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation treatments</a> to your head or neck as a child or from a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationemergencies.html">radiation emergency</a></li> <li>Have had a goiter (enlarged thyroid)</li> <li>Having certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic conditions</a>, including certain types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia/">multiple endocrine neoplasia</a></li> <li>Have a family history of thyroid cancer or thyroid disease</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of thyroid cancer?</h3> <p>Thyroid cancer may not cause symptoms at first. It is sometimes found during a routine physical exam. You may get signs or symptoms as the cancer gets bigger. The symptoms may include:</p> <ul> <li>A lump (nodule) in the neck</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">Trouble breathing</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">Trouble swallowing</a></li> <li>Pain when swallowing</li> <li>Hoarseness or other changes to your voice that do not get better</li> </ul> <h3>How is thyroid cancer diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have thyroid cancer, your health care provider may use:</p> <ul> <li>A physical exam, including checking your neck for swelling, lumps, or anything that seems unusual</li> <li>A medical history</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html">Thyroid tests</a></li> <li>Other blood or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging</a> tests</li> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for thyroid cancer?</h3> <p>Treatment for thyroid cancer depends on the type of cancer you have and whether the cancer has spread. Often, more than one type of treatment may be needed. The treatment options include:</p> <ul> <li>Surgery.</li> <li>Radiation therapy, including radioactive iodine therapy.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">Chemotherapy</a>.</li> <li>Thyroid hormone therapy.</li> <li>Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances that attack specific cancer cells with less harm to normal cells.</li> <li>Watchful waiting, which means that you don't get treatment right away. Your regularly checks to see if your signs or symptoms appear or change.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Ear, Nose and Throat Endocrine System Cáncer de tiroides Thyroid Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Thyroid Diseases Thyroid Tests Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Thyroid Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Thyroid Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Thyroid Association PDF Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH In English and Spanish Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Thyroid Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Treatments and Therapies American Thyroid Association Diagnosis and Tests Patient Handouts National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Related Issues American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society <p>Your thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a> that control the way the body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ in your body and control many of your body's most important functions. For example, they affect your breathing, heart rate, weight, digestion, and moods.</p> <p>Thyroid diseases cause your thyroid to make either too much or too little of the hormones. Some of the different thyroid diseases include:</p> <ul> <li>Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html">Hyperthyroidism</a>, which happens when your thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormones than your body needs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html">Hypothyroidism</a>, which happens when your thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidcancer.html">Thyroid cancer</a></li> <li>Thyroid nodules, lumps in the thyroid gland</li> <li>Thyroiditis, swelling of the thyroid</li> </ul> <p>To diagnose thyroid diseases, your health care provider may use a medical history, physical exam, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidtests.html">thyroid tests</a>. In some cases, your provider may also do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">biopsy</a>.</p> <p>Treatment depends on the problem, how severe it is, and what your symptoms are. Possible treatments may include medicines, radioiodine therapy, or thyroid surgery.</p> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Endocrine System Enfermedades de la tiroides Thyroid Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Thyroid Cancer Thyroid Tests Goiter Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Thyroid Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Gluten Intolerance Group Children American Thyroid Association PDF Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Treatments and Therapies American Thyroid Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Endocrine Society Find an Expert American Thyroid Association Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Older Adults American Thyroid Association Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Related Issues National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Women American Thyroid Association PDF Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Endocrine Society Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Women National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Thyroid Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Endocrine Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Thyroid Association Diagnosis and Tests Patient Handouts National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Thyroid Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Thyroid panel <p>Your thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormones.html">hormones</a> that control the way the body uses energy. These hormones affect nearly every organ in your body and control many of your body's most important functions. For example, they affect your breathing, heart rate, weight, digestion, and moods.</p> <p>Thyroid tests check how well your thyroid is working. They are also used to diagnose and help find the cause of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">thyroid diseases</a> such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html">hyperthyroidism</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothyroidism.html">hypothyroidism</a>. Thyroid tests include blood tests and imaging tests.</p> <p>Blood tests for your thyroid include:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tsh-thyroid-stimulating-hormone-test/">TSH</a>.</strong> It measures thyroid-stimulating hormone. This is usually the first test your healthcare provider will order.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/triiodothyronine-t3-tests/">T3</a></strong> and <strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroxine-t4-test/">T4</a>.</strong>They measure the level of the different thyroid hormones in your blood.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/thyroid-antibodies/">Thyroid antibodies test</a>. </strong> It measures certain thyroid antibodies (markers in the blood). This test may help diagnose autoimmune thyroid disorders.</li> </ul> <p>Imaging tests include:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scans</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/sonogram/">Ultrasound</a></strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nuclearscans.html">Nuclear medicine tests</a>,</strong> including: <ul> <li><strong>Thyroid scan.</strong> It uses small amounts of radioactive material to create a picture of the thyroid, showing its size, shape, and position. It can help find the cause of hyperthyroidism and check for thyroid nodules (lumps in the thyroid).</li> <li><strong>Radioactive iodine uptake test,</strong> or thyroid uptake test. It checks how well your thyroid is working and can help find the cause of hyperthyroidism.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Endocrine System Diagnostic Tests Pruebas y exámenes para la tiroides Thyroid Function Tests Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More American Thyroid Association Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Learn More National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Learn More Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH <h3>What are ticks?</h3> <p>Ticks are small parasites. They may look like insects, but they have eight legs and are related to spiders. Ticks feed on the blood of people and warm-blooded animals. There are many types of ticks in the United States, and they live in different parts of the country.</p> <p>Ticks can be different colors and sizes. They can be light-colored, reddish brown, or dark brown. Some ticks are so small that they can be difficult to see. Ticks may get on you if you walk though areas where they live, such as tall grass, leaf litter or shrubs.</p> <h3>Why do I need to be worried about tick bites?</h3> <p>If you spend time outdoors or have pets that go outdoors, you need to beware of ticks. When they bite, certain types of ticks can pass on germs that cause different diseases. Sometimes the symptoms can be mild. In other cases, you can have serious, long-lasting health problems. Some of the diseases you can get from a tick bite (called tickborne diseases) include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lymedisease.html">Lyme disease</a></li> <li>Alpha-gal syndrome (tick bite red meat allergy)</li> <li>Babesiosis</li> <li>Ehrlichiosis</li> <li>Rocky Mountain spotted fever</li> <li>Tularemia</li> </ul> <h3>What happens if I get bitten by a tick?</h3> <p>You may not feel it when a tick bites you. The tick can stay attached to your body for several days. If that tick is infected, it can pass along any germs to you once it starts sucking your blood. But if you catch it and remove it before it has filled up on your blood, you are less likely to get infected.</p> <h3>How do I remove a tick?</h3> <p>If you find a tick attached to your skin, remove the tick as soon as you can. You could use a tick removal device or a fine-tipped tweezers:</p> <ul> <li>Using the tweezers, grab the tick as close to your skin as possible.</li> <li>Pull upward with steady, even pressure. Don't twist or jerk the tick. You want to remove the whole tick in one piece if you can. If the mouth-parts of the tick break off and stay in the skin, try to remove them. But if you can't remove them easily, then leave them.</li> <li>Thoroughly clean the bite area and your hands with rubbing alcohol or soap and water.</li> </ul> <h3>When do I need to contact my health care provider about a tick bite?</h3> <p>Many tickborne diseases can have similar signs and symptoms. The most common are:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li>Chills</li> <li>Aches and pains</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">Rash</a></li> </ul> <p>If you develop any of these symptoms within several weeks of removing a tick, contact your provider.</p> <h3>How can I prevent tick bites?</h3> <p>There are steps you can take to prevent tick bites:</p> <ul> <li>Avoid wooded, brushy, and grassy areas, especially during warmer months.</li> <li>Wear insect repellent with DEET, picaridin or another U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent.</li> <li>Wear light-colored protective clothing.</li> <li>Treat your clothing and gear with products containing 0.5% permethrin.</li> <li>Tuck your pant legs into your socks and your shirt into your pants.</li> <li>Remove your clothing after being outdoors. Check your clothing for ticks and remove any ticks that you find. Wash and dry your clothes at high temperatures.</li> <li>Check yourself, your children, and your pets daily for ticks and carefully remove any ticks you find.</li> </ul> Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Injuries and Wounds Picaduras de garrapatas Tick Bites Tick-Borne Diseases Arabic Burmese Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Kirundi Nepali Portuguese Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Insect Bites and Stings Lyme Disease Anaplasmosis Babesiosis Colorado Tick Fever Ehrlichiosis Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Tickborne Diseases Tularemia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Lyme Disease Foundation Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Specifics American Lyme Disease Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Related Issues National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Start Here Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Ringworm <p>Tinea is the name of a group of diseases caused by a fungus. Types of tinea include ringworm, athlete's foot and jock itch. These infections are usually not serious, but they can be uncomfortable. You can get them by touching an infected person, from damp surfaces such as shower floors, or even from a pet. </p> <p>Symptoms depend on the affected area of the body:</p> <ul> <li> Ringworm is a red skin rash that forms a ring around normal-looking skin. A worm doesn't cause it. </li> <li> Scalp ringworm causes itchy, red patches on your head. It can leave bald spots. It usually affects children.</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/athletesfoot.html">Athlete's foot</a> causes itching, burning and cracked skin between your toes.</li> <li> Jock itch causes an itchy, burning rash in your groin area.</li> </ul> <p>Over-the-counter creams and powders will get rid of many tinea infections, particularly athlete's foot and jock itch. Other cases require prescription medicine. </p> Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Infecciones por tiña Tinea Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Athlete's Foot Fungal Infections Jock Itch Ringworm Images VisualDX Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Images VisualDX Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Video Start Here American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Video Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images VisualDX Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Children American Academy of Pediatrics Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sílbidos en los oídos <p>El tinnitus se describe a menudo como un zumbido en los oídos. También puede sonar como rumor, un cliqueo, silbido o zumbido. Puede ser suave o fuerte, agudo o bajo. Usted puede escucharlo en uno o ambos oídos. </p> <p>Millones de estadounidenses tienen tinnitus. Las personas con tinnitus severo pueden tener dificultad para oír, trabajar o incluso dormir.</p> <p>Las causas de tinnitus incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">Pérdida de la audición</a> en las personas mayores</li> <li>Exposición a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/noise.html">ruidos</a> fuertes</li> <li>Infecciones del oído y los senos paranasales</li> <li>Problemas cardiacos o vasculares</li> <li>Enfermedad de Ménière</li> <li>Tumores cerebrales</li> <li>Cambios hormonales en las mujeres</li> <li>Problemas de tiroides</li> <li>Ciertos medicamentos</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento depende de la causa. Puede incluir el uso de audífonos, dispositivos que enmascaran los ruidos, medicinas y aprender maneras para lidiar con el ruido.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación </p> Oído, nariz y garganta Tinnitus Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Oídos, Ruido en los Ruido en los oídos Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>Tinnitus is often described as a ringing in the ears. It also can sound like roaring, clicking, hissing, or buzzing. It may be soft or loud, high pitched or low pitched. You might hear it in either one or both ears.</p> <p>Millions of Americans have tinnitus. People with severe tinnitus may have trouble hearing, working or even sleeping.</p> <p>Causes of tinnitus include:</p><ul> <li>Hearing loss in older people</li> <li>Exposure to loud <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/noise.html">noises</a></li> <li>Ear and sinus infections</li> <li>Heart or blood vessel problems</li> <li>Meniere's disease</li> <li>Brain tumors</li> <li>Hormonal changes in women</li> <li>Thyroid problems</li> <li>Certain medicines</li> </ul> <p>Treatment depends on the cause. Treatments may include hearing aids, sound-masking devices, medicines, and ways to learn how to cope with the noise.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders </p> Ear, Nose and Throat Tinnitus Tinnitus Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Hearing Disorders and Deafness Find an Expert American Tinnitus Association Treatments and Therapies National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Children Nemours Foundation Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Audiology Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Find an Expert Vestibular Disorders Association Treatments and Therapies American Tinnitus Association Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Living With American Tinnitus Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Tinnitus Association <p>Mastering new skills such as how to walk, talk, and use the potty are developmental milestones. It is exciting to watch your toddler learn new skills. The normal development of children aged 1-3 includes several areas:</p> <ul> <li>Gross motor - walking, running, climbing</li> <li>Fine motor - feeding themselves, drawing</li> <li>Sensory - seeing, hearing, tasting, touching, and smelling</li> <li>Language - saying single words, then sentences</li> <li>Social - playing with others, taking turns, doing fantasy play</li> </ul> <p>Toddlers do not develop at the same rate. There is a wide range of what is considered "normal." Your child may be ahead in some areas and slightly behind in others. If you are worried about possible delays, talk to your child's health care provider.</p> Children and Teenagers Desarrollo del niño pequeño Child Development Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Child Development Infant and Newborn Development Speech and Language Problems in Children Toddler Health Specifics Zero to Three Specifics Zero to Three Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF In English and Spanish Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Videos and Tutorials Nemours Foundation Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Zero to Three Journal Articles Related Issues Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Virtual Pediatric Hospital Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation <p>Most young children get sick. It is hard for parents to know what is serious. You can learn what the common warning signs are. In the end, trust your intuition. If you are worried about your toddler, call your health care provider right away.</p> <p>Well-child visits are important to your toddler's health. Toddlers will get their recommended <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html">vaccines</a> during these visits. Routine exams and screenings help you and your kids prevent and treat health problems as well as chart their <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toddlerdevelopment.html">growth and development</a>.</p> Children and Teenagers Salud del niño pequeño Child, Preschool Arabic Bosnian Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Dari French Haitian Creole Kinyarwanda Korean Nepali Pashto Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Turkish Ukrainian Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Childhood Vaccines Toddler Development Toddler Nutrition Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Nemours Foundation Video Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation Video Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Nemours Foundation Video Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation <p>Food provides the energy and nutrients that young children need to be healthy. Toddlers are learning to feed themselves and to eat new foods. They should eat a variety of foods from all of the food groups.</p> <p>Each day, toddlers need enough nutrients, including:</p><ul> <li>7 milligrams of iron</li> <li>700 milligrams of calcium</li> <li>600 IU of vitamin D</li> </ul> Children and Teenagers Food and Nutrition Nutrición del niño pequeño Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Child Nutrition Food Allergy Infant and Newborn Nutrition Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Service Start Here Department of Agriculture Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Video Journal Articles Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians <p>Fourteen of the 26 bones in your feet are in your toes. The toes, particularly your big toe, help you move and keep your balance. Playing sports, running, stubbing your toe, and dropping something on your foot can damage your toes. Wearing shoes that are too loose or too tight can also cause toe problems. Certain diseases, such as severe arthritis, can cause toe problems and pain. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gout.html">Gout</a> often causes pain in the big toe.</p> <p>Common toe problems include :</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cornsandcalluses.html">Corns</a> and bunions</li> <li>Ingrown <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/naildiseases.html">toenails</a></li> <li>Sprains and dislocations</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">Fractures</a> (broken bones)</li> </ul> <p>Treatments for toe injuries and disorders vary. They might include shoe inserts or special shoes, padding, taping, medicines, rest, and in severe cases, surgery. </p> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades de los dedos del pie Toes injuries Toe Joint injuries Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Corns and Calluses Foot Health Foot Injuries and Disorders Bunions Hammer Toe Related Issues American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Find an Expert American Podiatric Medical Association Related Issues American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Treatments and Therapies American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Specifics American Podiatric Medical Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia TAC TC Tomografía computada <p>La tomografía computarizada (TC) es una tecnología para diagnóstico con imágenes. Utiliza un equipo de rayos X especial para crear imágenes transversales del cuerpo.</p> <p>Entre los usos de la TC se incluye la exploración de:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">Fracturas</a> (huesos rotos)</li> <li>Cánceres </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">Coágulos de sangre</a></li> <li> Signos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedad cardiaca</a></li> <li> Hemorragia interna </li> </ul> <p>Durante un procedimiento de TC, el paciente permanece inmóvil sobre una mesa. La mesa pasa lentamente a través del centro de una gran máquina de rayos X. El procedimiento no causa dolor. Durante ciertas pruebas, el paciente recibe un tinte de contraste que ayuda a que algunas partes del cuerpo se vean mejor en la imagen.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Pruebas de diagnóstico CT Scans Diagnóstico por imágenes Rayos X Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Imágenes Biomédicas y Bioingeniería NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>Your tongue helps you taste, swallow, and chew. You also use it to speak. Your tongue is made up of many muscles. The upper surface contains your taste buds. </p> <p>Problems with the tongue include:</p><ul> <li> Pain </li> <li> Swelling</li> <li> Changes in color or texture</li> <li> Abnormal movement or difficulty moving the tongue</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tasteandsmelldisorders.html">Taste</a> problems</li> </ul> <p>These problems can have many different causes. Treatment depends on the underlying problem.</p> Mouth and Teeth Trastornos de la lengua Tongue Diseases Spanish Mouth Disorders Oral Cancer Speech and Communication Disorders Taste and Smell Disorders Geographic Tongue Glossitis Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Specifics American Academy of Oral Medicine Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Tonsil Inflammation <h3>What are tonsils?</h3> <p>Tonsils are lumps of tissue at the back of the throat. There are two of them, one on each side. Along with the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/adenoids.html">adenoids</a>, tonsils are part of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system clears away infection and keeps body fluids in balance. Tonsils and adenoids work by trapping the germs coming in through the mouth and nose.</p> <h3>What is tonsillitis?</h3> <p>Tonsillitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the tonsils. Sometimes along with tonsillitis, the adenoids are also swollen.</p> <h3>What causes tonsillitis?</h3> <p>The cause of tonsillitis is usually a viral infection. Bacterial infections such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/streptococcalinfections.html">strep throat</a> can also cause tonsillitis.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for tonsillitis?</h3> <p>Tonsillitis is most common in children over age two. Almost every child in the United States gets it at least once. Tonsillitis caused by bacteria is more common in kids ages 5-15. Tonsillitis caused by a virus is more common in younger children.</p> <p>Adults can get tonsillitis, but it is not very common.</p> <h3>Is tonsillitis contagious?</h3> <p>Although tonsillitis is not contagious, the viruses and bacteria that cause it are contagious. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">Frequent handwashing</a> can help prevent spreading or catching the infections.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of tonsillitis?</h3> <p>The symptoms of tonsillitis include:</p><ul> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sorethroat.html">sore throat</a>, which may be severe</li> <li>Red, swollen tonsils</li> <li>Trouble swallowing</li> <li>A white or yellow coating on the tonsils</li> <li>Swollen glands in the neck</li> <li>Fever</li> <li>Bad breath</li> </ul> <h3>When does my child need to see a health care provider for tonsillitis?</h3> <p>You should call your health care provider if your child:</p><ul> <li>Has a sore throat for more than two days</li> <li>Has trouble or pain when swallowing</li> <li>Feels very sick or very weak</li> </ul> <p>You should get emergency care right away if your child:</p><ul> <li>Has trouble breathing</li> <li>Starts drooling</li> <li>Has a lot of trouble swallowing</li> </ul> <h3>How is tonsillitis diagnosed?</h3> <p>To diagnose tonsillitis, your child's health care provider will first ask you about your child's symptoms and medical history. The provider will look at your child's throat and neck, checking for things such as redness or white spots on the tonsils and swollen lymph nodes.</p> <p>Your child will probably also have one or more tests to check for strep throat, since it can cause tonsillitis and it requires treatment. It could be a rapid strep test, a throat culture, or both. For both tests, the provider uses a cotton swab to collect a sample of fluids from your child's tonsils and the back of the throat. With the rapid strep test, testing is done in the office, and you get the results within minutes. The throat culture is done in a lab, and it usually takes a few days to get the results. The throat culture is a more reliable test. So sometimes if the rapid strep test is negative (meaning that it does not show any strep bacteria), the provider will also do a throat culture just to make sure that your child does not have strep.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for tonsillitis?</h3> <p>Treatment for tonsillitis depends on the cause. If the cause is a virus, there is no medicine to treat it. If the cause is a bacterial infection, such as strep throat, your child will need to take <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>. It is important for your child to finish the antibiotics even if he or she feels better. If treatment stops too soon, some bacteria may survive and re-infect your child.</p> <p>No matter what is causing the tonsillitis, there are some things you can do to help your child feel better. Make sure that your child:</p><ul> <li>Gets a lot of rest</li> <li>Drinks plenty of fluids</li> <li>Tries eating soft foods if it hurts to swallow</li> <li>Tries eating warm liquids or cold foods like popsicles to soothe the throat</li> <li>Isn't around cigarette smoke or anything else that could irritate the throat</li> <li>Sleeps in a room with a humidifier</li> <li>Gargles with saltwater</li> <li>Sucks on a lozenge (but do not give them to children under four; they can choke on them)</li> <li>Takes an over-the-counter <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain reliever</a> such as acetaminophen. Children and teenagers should not take aspirin.</li> </ul> <p>In some cases, your child may need a tonsillectomy.</p> <h3>What is a tonsillectomy and why might my child need one?</h3> <p>A tonsillectomy is surgery to remove the tonsils. Your child might need it if he or she:</p><ul> <li>Keeps getting tonsillitis</li> <li>Has bacterial tonsillitis that does not get better with antibiotics</li> <li>Has tonsils that are too big and are causing trouble breathing or swallowing</li> </ul> <p>Your child usually gets the surgery and goes home later that day. Very young children and people who have complications may need to stay in the hospital overnight. It can take a week or two before your child completely recovers from the surgery.</p> Children and Teenagers Ear, Nose and Throat Mouth and Teeth Immune System Amigdalitis Tonsillectomy Tonsillitis Spanish Adenoids Mouth Disorders Tonsillectomy Tonsils Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Video Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Cavities Dental caries <h3>What is tooth decay?</h3> <p>Tooth decay is damage to a tooth's surface, or enamel. It happens when bacteria in your mouth make acids that attack the enamel. Tooth decay can lead to cavities (dental caries), which are holes in your teeth. If tooth decay is not treated, it can cause pain, infection, and even tooth loss.</p> <h3>What causes tooth decay?</h3> <p>Our mouths are full of bacteria. Some bacteria are helpful. But some can be harmful, including the ones that play a role in tooth decay. These bacteria combine with food to form a soft, sticky film called plaque. The bacteria in plaque use the sugar and starch in what you eat and drink to make acids. The acids begin to eat away at the minerals on your enamel. Over time, the plaque can harden into tartar. Besides damaging your teeth, plaque and tartar can also irritate your gums and cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gumdisease.html">gum disease</a>.</p> <p>You get fluoride from toothpaste, water, and other sources. This fluoride, along with your salvia, helps the enamel repair itself by replacing the minerals. Your teeth go through this natural process of losing minerals and regaining minerals all day long. But if you don't take care of your teeth and/or you eat and drink lots of sugary or starchy things, your enamel will keep losing minerals. This leads to tooth decay.</p> <p>A white spot may appear where minerals have been lost. This is an early sign of tooth decay. You may be able to stop or reverse the decay at this point. Your enamel can still repair itself, if you take better care of your teeth and limit sugary/starchy foods and drinks.</p> <p>But if the tooth decay process continues, more minerals are lost. Over time, the enamel is weakened and destroyed, forming a cavity. A cavity is a hole in your tooth. It is permanent damage that a dentist has to repair with a filling.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for tooth decay?</h3> <p>The main risk factors for tooth decay are not taking care of your teeth and having too many sugary or starchy foods and drinks.</p> <p>Some people have a higher risk of tooth decay, including people who:</p><ul> <li>Don't have enough saliva, because of medicines, certain diseases, or some cancer treatments</li> <li>Don't get enough fluoride</li> <li>Are very young. Babies and toddlers who drink from bottles are at risk, especially if they are given juice or get bottles at bedtime. This exposes their teeth to sugars for long periods of time.</li> <li>Are older. Many older adults have receding gums and more wear on their teeth. These raise the risk of decay on the exposed root surfaces of their teeth.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of tooth decay and cavities?</h3> <p>In early tooth decay, you usually don't have symptoms. As tooth decay gets worse, it can cause:</p><ul> <li>A toothache (tooth pain)</li> <li>Tooth sensitivity to sweets, hot, or cold</li> <li>White or brown stains on the surface of a tooth</li> <li>A cavity</li> <li>An infection, which can lead to an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html">abscess</a> (pocket of pus) forming. The abscess can cause pain, facial swelling, and fever.</li> </ul> <h3>How are tooth decay and cavities diagnosed?</h3> <p>Dentists usually find tooth decay and cavities by looking at your teeth and probing them with dental instruments. Your dentist will also ask if you have any symptoms. Sometimes you may need a dental x-ray.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for tooth decay and cavities?</h3> <p>There are several treatments for tooth decay and cavities. Which treatment you get depends on how bad the problem is:</p><ul> <li><strong>Fluoride treatments.</strong> If you have early tooth decay, a fluoride treatment can help the enamel to repair itself.</li> <li><strong>Fillings.</strong> If you have a typical cavity, your dentist will remove the decayed tooth tissue and then restore the tooth by filling it with a filling material.</li> <li><strong>Root canal.</strong> If the damage to the tooth and/or an infection spreads to the pulp (inside of the tooth), you might need a root canal. Your dentist will remove the decayed pulp and clean inside the tooth and root. The next step is to fill the tooth with a temporary filling. Then you will need to come back to get a permanent filling or a crown (a cover on the tooth).</li> <li><strong>Extraction (pulling the tooth).</strong> In the most severe cases, when the damage to the pulp cannot be fixed, your dentist may pull the tooth. Your dentist will suggest that you get a bridge or implant to replace the missing tooth. Otherwise, the teeth next to the gap may move over and change your bite.</li> </ul> <h3>Can tooth decay be prevented?</h3> <p>There are steps that you can take to prevent tooth decay:</p><ul> <li>Make sure that you get enough fluoride by <ul> <li>Brushing with a fluoride toothpaste</li> <li>Drinking tap water with fluoride. Most bottled water does not contain fluoride.</li> <li>Using fluoride mouth rinse</li> </ul> </li> <li>Practice <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html">good oral health</a> by brushing your teeth twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste and regularly flossing your teeth</li> <li>Make smart food choices by limiting foods and drinks that are high in sugars and starches. Eat nutritious, balanced meals and limit snacking.</li> <li>Do not use tobacco products, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/smokelesstobacco.html">smokeless tobacco</a>. If you currently use tobacco, consider <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quitting</a>.</li> <li>See a dentist for regular check-ups and professional cleanings</li> <li>Make sure that your children get sealants on their teeth. Dental sealants are thin plastic coatings that protect the chewing surfaces of the back teeth. Children should get sealants on their back teeth as soon as they come in, before decay can attack the teeth.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research</p> Mouth and Teeth Caries Dental Caries Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hmong Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Child Dental Health Dental Health Tooth Disorders Cavities Dental Caries Dental Sealants Plaque, Dental Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Older Adults Merck & Co., Inc. Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Food and Drug Administration Statistics and Research National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Find an Expert Academy of General Dentistry Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Children National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research PDF NIH Related Issues National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Videos and Tutorials National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Start Here National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <h3>What are teeth?</h3> <p>Your teeth are made of a hard, bonelike material. There are four parts:</p><ul> <li>Enamel, your tooth's hard surface</li> <li>Dentin, the hard yellow part under the enamel</li> <li>Cementum, the hard tissue that covers the root and keeps your teeth in place</li> <li>Pulp, the soft connective tissue in the center of your tooth. It contains nerves and blood vessels.</li> </ul> <p>You need your teeth for many activities that you may take for granted. These include eating, speaking and even smiling.</p> <h3>What are tooth disorders?</h3> <p>There are many different problems that can affect your teeth, including:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/toothdecay.html">Tooth decay</a></strong> - damage to a tooth's surface, which can lead to cavities</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/abscess.html">Abscess</a></strong> - a pocket of pus, caused by a tooth infection</li> <li><strong>Impacted tooth</strong> - a tooth that did not erupt (break through the gum) when it should have. It is usually wisdom teeth that are impacted, but it can sometimes happen to other teeth.</li> <li><strong>Misaligned teeth</strong> (malocclusion)</li> <li><strong>Tooth injuries</strong> such as broken or chipped teeth</li> </ul> <h3>What causes tooth disorders?</h3> <p>The causes of tooth disorders varies, depending on the problem. Sometimes the cause is not taking good care of your teeth. In other cases, you may have been born with the problem or the cause is an accident.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of tooth disorders?</h3> <p>The symptoms can vary, depending on the problem. Some of the more common symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Abnormal color or shape of the tooth</li> <li>Tooth pain</li> <li>Worn-down teeth</li> </ul> <h3>How are tooth disorders diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your dentist will ask about your symptoms, look at your teeth, and probe them with dental instruments. In some cases, you may need dental x-rays.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for tooth disorders?</h3> <p>The treatment will depend on the problem. Some common treatments are:</p><ul> <li>Fillings for cavities</li> <li>Root canals for cavities or infections that affect the pulp (inside of the tooth)</li> <li>Extractions (pulling teeth) for teeth that are impacted and causing problems or are too damaged to be fixed. You may also have a tooth or teeth pulled because of overcrowding in your mouth.</li> </ul> <h3>Can tooth disorders be prevented?</h3> <p>The main thing that you can do to prevent tooth disorders is to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dentalhealth.html">take good care of your teeth</a>:</p><ul> <li>Brush your teeth twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste</li> <li>Clean between your teeth every day with floss or another type of between-the-teeth cleaner</li> <li>Limit sugary snacks and drinks</li> <li>Don't smoke or chew tobacco</li> <li>See your dentist or oral health professional regularly</li> </ul> Mouth and Teeth Trastornos dentales Tooth Diseases Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hmong Russian Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Child Dental Health Dental Health Gum Disease Orthodontia Tooth Decay Bruxism Impacted Tooth Root Canal Teeth Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Academy of General Dentistry Find an Expert American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Desgarro Esguinces <p>Una torcedura es la torsión o estiramiento de un ligamento. Los ligamentos son tejidos que conectan los huesos de una articulación. Las caídas, las contorsiones o los golpes pueden causar una torcedura. Las torceduras del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html">tobillo</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html">muñeca</a> son comunes. Los síntomas incluyen dolor, inflamación, hematomas e incapacidad para mover la articulación. Puede sentir un chasquido o un desgarro cuando la lesión ocurre. </p> <p>Las distensiones son músculos o tendones estirados o rotos. Los tendones son tejidos que conectan los músculos con los huesos. Torcer o estirar estos tejidos puede causar una distensión. Las distensiones pueden ocurrir repentinamente o desarrollarse con el tiempo. Las distensiones de los músculos de la espalda y los isquiotibiales son comunes. Muchas personas sufren distensiones cuando practican deportes. Los síntomas incluyen dolor, espasmos musculares, inflamación y dificultad para mover el músculo. </p> <p>Al comienzo, el tratamiento de las torceduras y las distensiones suele incluir el reposo del área afectada, hielo, uso de vendas o compresión del área y medicinas. El tratamiento posterior puede incluir ejercicios y fisioterapia. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Lesiones y heridas Sprains and Strains Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Problemas y lesiones causados por los deportes Tendinitis Distensiones musculares Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica <p>Tornadoes are nature's most violent storms. They are rotating, funnel-shaped clouds that extend from a thunderstorm to the ground. Their whirling winds can reach 300 miles per hour. They can strike quickly with little or no warning, devastate a neighborhood in seconds, and leave a path of damage over a mile wide and 50 miles long. Tornadoes can also accompany tropical storms and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hurricanes.html">hurricanes</a> as they move onto land.</p> <p>Although there are no guarantees of safety during a tornado, you can take actions to protect yourself. You should have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">disaster plan</a>. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html">ways to cope</a>.</p> <p class="">Federal Emergency Management Agency</p> Disasters Tornados Tornadoes Spanish Natural Disasters Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More Federal Emergency Management Agency Learn More National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Journal Articles Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More American Psychological Association <p>Los tornados son las tormentas más violentas de la naturaleza. Son nubes rotatorias con forma de embudo que se extienden desde una tormenta eléctrica hacia la superficie. Sus vientos en forma de espiral pueden alcanzar las 300 millas por hora. Pueden generarse rápidamente, con poco o ningún aviso, devastar un vecindario en segundos y dejar una estela de daños de una milla de diámetro y 50 millas de largo. Los tornados también pueden acompañarse de tormentas tropicales y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hurricanes.html">huracanes</a> cuando éstos cruzan a tierra firme.</p> <p>Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad durante un tornado, usted puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">plan de acción para casos de desastres</a>. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si usted experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Usted puede necesitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html">ayuda para superarlo</a>. </p> <p class="">Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</p> Desastres Tornadoes Desastres naturales Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Más información Spanish/Español Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional <p>La tos es un reflejo que mantiene despejada la garganta y las vías respiratorias. Aunque puede ser molesta, la tos ayuda al cuerpo a curarse o protegerse. La tos puede ser aguda o crónica. La tos aguda comienza súbitamente y no suele durar más de 2 o 3 semanas. Los cuadros agudos de tos son los que se adquieren frecuentemente con un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfrío</a>, una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html">bronquitis aguda</a>. La tos crónica dura más de 2 o 3 semanas. Las causas de la tos crónica incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html">Bronquitis crónica</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/asthma.html">Asma</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">Alergias</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica</a> (EPOC)</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/smoking.html">Fumar</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">Reflujo gastroesofágico</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatdisorders.html">Enfermedades de la garganta</a>, tal como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/croup.html">crup</a> en niños</li> <li> Algunas medicinas </li> </ul> <p>El agua puede ayudar a mejorar la tos - ya sea que la ingiera o que la agregue al ambiente con un inyector de vapor o un vaporizador. Si tiene un refrío o la gripe, los antihistamínicos pueden dar mejores resultados que los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html">medicamentos para la tos sin receta médica</a>. Niños menores de 4 años no deben recibir medicamentos para la tos. Para niños mayores de 4 años, sea precavido y lea cuidadosamente las indicaciones. </p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Oído, nariz y garganta Síntomas Cough Enfermedades de los pulmones Medicinas para la tos y el resfrío Problemas respiratorios Tos ferina Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Tos convulsa Tos convulsiva Tosferina <h3>¿Qué es la tos ferina?</h3> <p>La tos ferina, también conocida como pertusis, tos convulsa o coqueluche, es una infección respiratoria que puede provocar ataques de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">tos</a>. En casos graves, la tos puede ser violenta y rápida. Puede toser con tanta fuerza que termine <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">vomitando</a>. El nombre de la enfermedad proviene del sonido que puede hacer al intentar inhalar después de toser.</p> <p>La tos ferina es muy contagiosa y puede afectar a cualquier persona, pero puede ser especialmente grave en los bebés que aún no reciben la vacuna. Cerca de la mitad de los bebés menores de un año que padecen tos ferina necesitan atención en el hospital.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la tos ferina?</h3> <p>La tos ferina es causada por un tipo de bacteria llamada <em>Bordetella pertussis</em>. Se transmite de persona a persona. En general, las personas que tienen tos ferina la transmiten al toser, estornudar o respirar muy cerca de alguien. A veces, también se puede contagiar al tocar una superficie infectada y luego tocarse la nariz o la boca.</p> <p>Si contrae tos ferina, puede transmitirla durante unas 2 semanas después de comenzar a toser. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a> pueden acortar el tiempo de contagio.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la tos ferina?</h3> <p>En general, los síntomas de la tos ferina comienzan dentro de los 5 a 10 días posteriores a la exposición. Sin embargo, a veces es posible que no presente síntomas hasta 3 semanas después.</p> <p>La tos ferina generalmente comienza con síntomas similares a los de un resfriado. Pueden durar de 1 a 2 semanas y pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Goteo nasal</li> <li>Fiebre leve</li> <li>Tos leve y ocasional</li> </ul> <p>Los primeros síntomas en los bebés pueden ser diferentes. Es posible que tosa solo un poco o que no tosa en absoluto. Los bebés pueden tener apnea, es decir, hay una pausa en su respiración. Pueden comenzar a ponerse azules. Si esto sucede, busque atención médica de inmediato para su bebé.</p> <p>A medida que la tos ferina empeora, los síntomas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Ataques de mucha tos rápida seguidos de un sonido similar a un "grito" agudo</li> <li> Vómitos durante o después de ataques de tos</li> <li>Agotamiento después de ataques de tos</li> </ul> <p>Los ataques de tos empeoran y comienzan a ocurrir con más frecuencia, especialmente por la noche. Puede tenerlos hasta por 10 semanas o más.</p> <p>La recuperación puede avanzar lentamente. Su tos se vuelve más leve y ocurre con menos frecuencia. Los ataques de tos pueden reaparecer si tiene otra infección respiratoria, incluso meses después de haber tenido tos ferina por primera vez.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la tos ferina?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud puede <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tos-ferina/">diagnosticar la tos ferina</a> con:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica, que incluye preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Una prueba de laboratorio que consiste en tomar una muestra de moco de la parte posterior de la garganta a través de la nariz. Esto se puede hacer con un hisopo o una jeringa llena de solución salina. La muestra se analiza para detectar la bacteria que causa la tos ferina</li> <li>Prueba de sangre</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">Radiografía </a> de pecho</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la tos ferina?</h3> <p>La tos ferina se suele tratar con antibióticos. El tratamiento temprano es muy importante. Puede hacer que su infección sea menos grave y también puede ayudar a prevenir la transmisión de la enfermedad a otras personas.</p> <p>Es posible que, después de haber estado enfermo durante 3 semanas o más, el tratamiento no ayude. Para entonces, las bacterias han desaparecido de su cuerpo, aunque por lo general todavía tiene síntomas. Esto se debe a que las bacterias ya han hecho daño a su cuerpo.</p> <p>En ocasiones, la tos ferina puede ser muy grave y requerir tratamiento en el hospital.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la tos ferina?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">Vacunarse </a> es la mejor manera de prevenir la tos ferina. Hay dos vacunas en los Estados Unidos que pueden ayudar a prevenirla: DTaP y Tdap. Estas vacunas también brindan protección contra el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanus.html">tétanos </a>y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diphtheria.html">difteria</a>.</p> <p>Los bebés y otras personas con alto riesgo de enfermedades graves deben mantenerse alejados de las personas que tienen tos ferina.</p> <p>A veces, los profesionales de la salud administran antibióticos a familiares de personas que han tenido tos ferina o personas que han estado expuestas a ella. Los antibióticos pueden evitar que contraigan la enfermedad.</p> <p>También puede ayudar a prevenir la propagación de la tos ferina (y otras enfermedades respiratorias) al:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">Lavarse las manos</a> con frecuencia con agua y jabón. Puede usar un desinfectante para manos a base de alcohol si no hay agua y jabón</li> <li>Evitar tocarse la cara con las manos sin lavar</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">Limpiar y desinfectar</a> las superficies que toca con frecuencia, incluyendo juguetes</li> <li>Cubrirse la tos y los estornudos con un pañuelo de papel o la manga superior de la camisa, no con las manos</li> <li> Quedarse en casa cuando está enfermo</li> <li>Evitar el contacto cercano con personas enfermas</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Niños y adolescentes Infecciones Pulmón y vías respiratorias Whooping Cough Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Tos Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina Pertussis Tos convulsa Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>If you have Tourette syndrome, you make unusual movements or sounds, called tics. You have little or no control over them. Common tics are throat-clearing and blinking. You may repeat words, spin, or, rarely, blurt out swear words. </p> <p>Tourette syndrome is a disorder of the nervous system. It often occurs with other problems, such as:</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.html">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder </a> (ADHD)</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html">Obsessive-compulsive disorder</a> (OCD)</li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">Anxiety</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a></li> </ul> <p>The cause of Tourette syndrome is unknown. It is more common in boys than girls. The tics usually start in childhood and may be worst in the early teens. Many people eventually outgrow them. </p> <p>No treatment is needed unless the tics interfere with everyday life. Excitement or worry can make tics worse. Calm, focused activities may make them better. Medicines and talk therapy may also help.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Síndrome de Tourette Tourette Syndrome Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Living With Tourette Association of America Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Living With Tourette Association of America Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Adults Tourette Association of America NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Stuttering Foundation of America Children American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children American Academy of Pediatrics Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad causada por el parásito Toxoplasma gondii. Más de 60 millones de personas en Estados Unidos tienen este parásito. La mayoría de ellas no se enferma. Pero el parásito causa serios problemas en algunas personas. Entre ellas se incluyen las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados y bebés de madres que contrajeron la infección durante el embarazo. Los problemas pueden incluir lesiones en el cerebro, los ojos y otros órganos.</p> <p>Es posible contagiarse con la toxoplasmosis por:</p> <ul> <li> Excrementos de un gato infectado </li> <li> Ingerir carne contaminada que esté cruda o poco cocida </li> <li>Utilizar utensilios o tablas de cortar que estuvieron en contacto con carne cruda </li> <li> Beber agua contaminada </li> <li> Recibir un trasplante de órganos o una transfusión de sangre infectados</li> </ul> <p>La mayoría de las personas con toxoplasmosis no necesitan tratamiento. Existen medicamentos para tratarla en el caso de las mujeres embarazadas o personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Toxoplasmosis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Enfermedades parasitarias Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. More than 60 million people in the U.S. have the parasite. Most of them don't get sick. But the parasite causes serious problems for some people. These include people with weak immune systems and babies whose mothers become infected for the first time during pregnancy. Problems can include damage to the brain, eyes, and other organs.</p> <p>You can get toxoplasmosis from :</p><ul> <li> Waste from an infected cat</li> <li> Eating contaminated meat that is raw or not well cooked </li> <li> Using utensils or cutting boards after they've had contact with contaminated raw meat </li> <li> Drinking infected water </li> <li> Receiving an infected organ transplant or blood transfusion</li> </ul> <p>Most people with toxoplasmosis don't need treatment. There are drugs to treat it for pregnant women and people with weak immune systems. </p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Parasitic Diseases Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Children Nemours Foundation Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Parto prematuro <p>El trabajo de parto prematuro es el que se inicia antes de completarse las 37 semanas de embarazo. Puede conducir a un parto prematuro. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html">bebés prematuros</a> pueden enfrentar serios riesgos de salud.</p> <p>Los síntomas de trabajo de parto prematuro incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Contracciones cada 10 minutos o más seguidas</li> <li>Filtración de líquido o sangrado de la vagina</li> <li>Sensación de presión en la pelvis</li> <li>Dolor vago de espalda baja </li> <li>Calambres similares a los calambres menstruales</li> <li>Calambres abdominales con o sin diarrea</li> </ul> <p>Si usted piensa que entró en trabajo de parto prematuro, póngase en contacto con su proveedor de atención médica.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud del Niño y Desarrollo Humano </p> Sistema reproductor femenino Preterm Labor Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Más información Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Windpipe disorders <p>Your trachea, or windpipe, is one part of your airway system. Airways are pipes that carry oxygen-rich air to your lungs. They also carry carbon dioxide, a waste gas, out of your lungs. </p> <p>When you inhale, air travels from your nose, through your larynx, and down your windpipe. The windpipe splits into two <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bronchialdisorders.html">bronchi</a> that enter your lungs.</p> <p>Problems with the trachea include narrowing, inflammation, and some inherited conditions. You may need a procedure called a tracheostomy to help you breathe if you have swallowing problems, or have conditions that affect coughing or block your airways. You might also need a tracheostomy if you are in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/criticalcare.html">critical care</a> and need to be on a breathing machine.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Lungs and Breathing Enfermedades de la tráquea Tracheal Diseases Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Choking Croup Throat Disorders Tracheostomy Windpipe Disorders Find an Expert American Lung Association Children Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation <p>Cada año, millones de personas reciben transfusiones sanguíneas que les salvan la vida. </p> <p>Durante una transfusión, usted recibe sangre completa o partes de la sangre, tales como:</p> <ul> <li> Glóbulos rojos: Células que transportan oxígeno hacia y desde los tejidos y órganos </li> <li> Plaquetas: Células que forman coágulos para controlar el sangrado </li> <li>Plasma: Parte líquida de la sangre que ayuda a la coagulación. Se puede necesitar cuando una persona tiene quemaduras graves, falla del hígado o una infección severa </li> </ul> <p>La mayoría de las transfusiones se realiza sin problemas. Algunos agentes infecciosos, como el VIH, pueden sobrevivir en la sangre e infectar a la persona que está recibiendo la transfusión. Para mantener la sangre segura, los bancos de sangre analizan la sangre donada. El riesgo de contraer un virus a raíz de una transfusión es bajo. </p> <p>A veces, es posible obtener una transfusión de su propia sangre. Durante una cirugía es posible perder sangre y necesitar reemplazarla. Si usted va a tener una cirugía que puede programar por adelantado, su doctor puede preguntarle si usted desea usar su propia sangre en lugar de una donada. Si es así, será necesario que le saquen sangre una o más veces antes de la cirugía. Un banco de sangre la almacenará para su uso. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Transplantes y donaciones Blood Transfusion and Donation Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Células madre Donación de órganos Problemas de la sangre Donación de sangre Sangre, Donación de Sangre, Transfusión de Spanish/Español Especialistas Cruz Roja Americana Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Mini-stroke TIA <p>A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a> that lasts only a few minutes. It happens when the blood supply to part of the brain is briefly blocked. Symptoms of a TIA are like other stroke symptoms, but do not last as long. They happen suddenly, and include:</p><ul> <li>Numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body</li> <li>Confusion or trouble speaking or understanding speech</li> <li>Trouble seeing in one or both eyes</li> <li>Difficulty walking</li> <li>Dizziness</li> <li>Loss of balance or coordination</li> </ul> <p>Most symptoms of a TIA disappear within an hour, although they may last for up to 24 hours. Because you cannot tell if these symptoms are from a TIA or a stroke, you should go to the hospital right away.</p> <p>TIAs are often a warning sign for future <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ischemicstroke.html">strokes</a>. Taking medicine, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">blood thinners</a>, may reduce your risk of a stroke. Your doctor might also recommend surgery. You can also help lower your risk by having a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthyliving.html">healthy lifestyle</a>. This includes not smoking, not drinking too much, eating a healthy diet, and exercising. It is also important to control other health problems, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howtolowercholesterol.html">cholesterol</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Brain and Nerves Ataque isquémico transitorio Ischemic Attack, Transient Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Ischemic Stroke Stroke Mini-Stroke TIA Find an Expert American Heart Association Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research American Heart Association Related Issues American Stroke Association Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Society of Interventional Radiology Symptoms National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Symptoms American Stroke Association Start Here American Stroke Association Videos and Tutorials American Heart Association Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Sudor Sudoración <p>El sudor es un líquido claro y salado producido por glándulas en la piel. La transpiración es la manera que el cuerpo tiene para enfriarse. El sudor se produce principalmente debajo de los brazos, en los pies y las palmas de las manos. Cuando el sudor se mezcla con las bacterias de la piel puede causar olor. Bañarse con regularidad y usar antitranspirantes o desodorantes puede ayudar a controlar el olor. </p> <p>Cuando hace calor, practica ejercicios, está ansioso o tiene fiebre es normal transpirar mucho. También ocurre durante la menopausia. Sin embargo, si transpira demasiado (hiperhidrosis), puede deberse a un trastorno de la tiroides o del sistema nervioso, disminución del azúcar en la sangre u otro problema de salud. </p> <p>Transpirar demasiado poco (anhidrosis), puede poner en riesgo la vida porque el cuerpo puede sobrecalentarse. Entre las causas de anhidrosis se incluyen la deshidratación, las quemaduras y algunos trastornos de la piel y los nervios. </p> Piel, cabello y uñas Sweat Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Hidradenitis supurativa Sudor Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Trasplante cardíaco <p>Durante el trasplante de corazón se extrae un corazón lesionado o enfermo y se reemplaza con uno sano. El corazón sano proviene de un donante que falleció. Es el último recurso de las personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">insuficiencia cardíaca</a> cuando todos los otros tratamientos han fracasado. La insuficiencia cardíaca pudo haber sido causada por la enfermedad coronaria, válvulas o músculos cardíacos dañados, defectos congénitos (de nacimiento) o infecciones virales del corazón. </p> <p>Aunque la cirugía de trasplante es un procedimiento que puede salvar vidas, tiene muchos riesgos. La observación, tratamiento y cuidado médico regular pueden prevenir o manejar estos riesgos. </p> <p>Luego de la cirugía, la mayoría de pacientes trasplantados pueden volver a sus actividades normales. Sin embargo, por diversas razones, menos del 30% de ellos vuelve a trabajar. </p> <p class=""> NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Transplantes y donaciones Heart Transplantation Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Fallo cardíaco Rehabilitación cardíaca Trasplante de órganos Corazón, Trasplante de Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Americana del Corazón Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto del Corazón de Texas Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre <p>Las células de los islotes se encuentran en grupos en todo el páncreas. Se componen de varios tipos de células. Una de ellas son células beta, que producen insulina. La insulina es una hormona que ayuda al cuerpo a utilizar la glucosa para obtener energía. El trasplante de células islotes transfiere células de un donante a otra persona. Es un tratamiento experimental para la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo 1</a>. </p> <p>En la diabetes tipo 1, las células beta del páncreas dejan de producir insulina. Una persona con diabetes tipo 1 debe tomar insulina todos los días para poder vivir. No obstante, las células de los islotes trasplantadas pueden continuar el trabajo de las células destruidas. Después del implante, las células beta de los islotes comienzan a producir y liberar insulina. Los investigadores esperan que el trasplante de islotes pueda ayudar a las personas con diabetes tipo 1 a vivir sin tener la necesidad de aplicarse inyecciones diarias de insulina. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Sistema endocrino Transplantes y donaciones Islet Cell Transplantation Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Células de los islotes, Trasplante de Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Trasplante hepático <p>El hígado es el órgano de mayor tamaño dentro del cuerpo. Ayuda al organismo a digerir los alimentos, almacena energía y elimina toxinas. No se puede vivir sin un hígado que funcione bien. Si el hígado falla, el médico puede colocarlo en una lista de espera para un trasplante de hígado. Los médicos realizan trasplantes cuando otros tratamientos no logran mantener el funcionamiento de un hígado dañado.</p> <p>Durante un trasplante de hígado, el cirujano extrae el hígado enfermo y lo reemplaza con uno sano. La mayoría de los hígados provienen de un donante fallecido. A veces hay un donante vivo, que es cuando una persona dona parte de su hígado a un paciente en particular. </p> <p>La razón más común para un trasplante en adultos es la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html">cirrosis</a>, en la cual el hígado presenta tejido cicatricial. En los niños, la razón más común es la atresia biliar, una enfermedad de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bileductdiseases.html">conductos biliares</a>.</p> <p> Si tiene un trasplante, deberá tomar medicamentos por el resto de su vida para impedir que su cuerpo rechace al nuevo órgano.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Transplantes y donaciones Liver Transplantation Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Cirrosis Enfermedades del hígado Hepatitis Trasplante de órganos Hígado, Trasplante de Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. <p>La médula ósea es el tejido esponjoso dentro de algunos de sus huesos, como la cadera y el fémur. Contiene células inmaduras llamadas células madre. Las células madre pueden desarrollarse hasta ser glóbulos rojos que transportan oxígeno a su cuerpo, glóbulos blancos que combaten las infecciones y plaquetas que ayudan a la coagulación de la sangre. </p> <p>Un trasplante de médula ósea es un procedimiento que reemplaza las células madre defectuosas de la médula ósea de una persona. Los médicos utilizan estos trasplantes para tratar a personas con ciertas enfermedades, como:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukemia.html">Leucemia</a></li> <li>Enfermedades graves de la sangre como las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thalassemia.html">talasemias</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aplasticanemia.html">anemia aplásica</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sicklecelldisease.html">anemia falciforme</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplemyeloma.html">Mieloma múltiple</a></li> <li>Ciertas enfermedades inmunitarias</li> </ul> <p>Antes de someterse a un trasplante, usted necesita someterse a altas dosis de quimioterapia y posiblemente radiación. Esto destruye las células madre dañadas en la médula ósea. También suprime el sistema inmunitario del cuerpo para que no ataque a las nuevas células madre después del trasplante.</p> <p>En algunos casos, usted puede donar sus propias células madre de médula ósea con antelación. Las células se guardan y se usan más adelante. También puede obtener células madre de un donante. El donante puede ser un miembro de su familia o una persona no relacionada.</p> <p>El trasplante de médula ósea tiene riesgos graves. Algunas complicaciones pueden ser potencialmente mortales. Sin embargo, para algunas personas es la mejor esperanza para una cura o una vida más larga.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sistema inmunitario Transplantes y donaciones Bone Marrow Transplantation Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Células madre Enfermedades de la médula ósea Médula ósea, Trasplante Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad de Lucha contra la Leucemia y el Linfoma PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Programa Nacional de Donadores de Médula Ósea PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Trasplante de pulmón <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">trasplante</a> de pulmón es una cirugía para reemplazar uno o ambos pulmones enfermos por pulmones sanos de un donante. Durante la operación, el cirujano hace un corte en el pecho y extirpa el pulmón enfermo. Después, el cirujano cose el pulmón nuevo a los vasos sanguíneos principales y las vías respiratorias. </p> <p>El médico puede recomendarle un trasplante de pulmón si tiene una enfermedad que no puede controlarse de otro modo. Estas enfermedades incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">EPOC</a> (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica) </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cysticfibrosis.html">Fibrosis quística</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryfibrosis.html">Fibrosis pulmonar</a> idiopática </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/interstitiallungdiseases.html">Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial</a></li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryhypertension.html">Hipertensión pulmonar</a> primaria </li> </ul> <p>Las complicaciones del trasplante de pulmón incluyen rechazo del pulmón trasplantado e infecciones. </p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Transplantes y donaciones Lung Transplantation Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Pulmón, Trasplante Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>El páncreas es una glándula localizada detrás del estómago y por delante de la columna. Produce jugos que ayudan a descomponer los alimentos y hormonas que ayudan a controlar los niveles de azúcar en la sangre. El trasplante de páncreas es una cirugía para colocar un páncreas sano de un donante en una persona con un páncreas enfermo. Este trasplante es más común en personas con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype1.html">diabetes tipo 1</a> grave y permite que las personas con esta enfermedad no dependan de las inyecciones de insulina. Un procedimiento experimental llamado <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/isletcelltransplantation.html">trasplante de células de los islotes</a> trasplanta sólo las partes del páncreas que producen la insulina. </p> <p>Las personas a quienes se les hace un trasplante deben tomar medicamentos el resto de sus vidas para impedir que sus cuerpos rechacen el páncreas nuevo. También deben visitar al médico regularmente para su cuidado. Debido a los riesgos, no es un tratamiento común para la diabetes 1. </p> Sistema digestivo Sistema endocrino Transplantes y donaciones Pancreas Transplantation Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Trasplante renal <p>Un trasplante renal es una operación para colocarle un riñón sano en su cuerpo. El riñón trasplantado asume la función de los riñones <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneyfailure.html">deficientes</a> y usted no necesitará más tratamiento con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dialysis.html">diálisis</a>. </p> <p>Durante un trasplante, el cirujano coloca el riñón nuevo en la parte inferior del abdomen y conecta la arteria y la vena renales del mismo a las de su riñón. Con frecuencia, el riñón nuevo comenzará a producir orina en cuanto la sangre comience a fluir a través de él. Pero algunas veces necesita algunas semanas para empezar a funcionar. </p> <p>Muchos riñones trasplantados vienen de donantes que fallecen. Algunos provienen de familiares en vida. La espera de un riñón nuevo puede ser larga. Las personas a quienes se les haya hecho un trasplante deben tomar medicamentos el resto de sus vidas para impedir que su organismo rechace el riñón trasplantado.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Riñones y sistema urinario Transplantes y donaciones Kidney Transplantation Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades de los riñones Insuficiencia renal Trasplante de órganos Renal, Trasplante Riñón, Trasplante de Trasplante renal Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nacional del Riñón Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nacional del Riñón PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH <p>Usted puede necesitar un trasplante de órganos si uno de sus órganos no cumple con sus funciones. Esto puede ocurrir a causa de una enfermedad o lesión. Cuando se le realiza un trasplante de órganos, los médicos extirpan un órgano de otra persona y lo colocan en su cuerpo. El órgano puede provenir de un donante vivo o muerto. :</p><ul> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearttransplantation.html">Corazón</a> </li> <li> Intestino </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytransplantation.html">Riñón</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livertransplantation.html">Hígado</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungtransplantation.html">Pulmón</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pancreastransplantation.html">Páncreas</a> </li> </ul> <p>Las personas que necesitan un trasplante de órganos suelen tener que esperar el órgano durante un largo tiempo. Los médicos deben hacer coincidir a los donantes con los beneficiarios para reducir el riesgo de rechazo del trasplante. Eso ocurre cuando el cuerpo de quien recibe el órgano (beneficiario) niega el órgano nuevo, provocando que no funcione correctamente. Las personas a quienes se les realizó algún trasplante deben tomar medicamentos por el resto de sus vidas para ayudar a impedir que sus cuerpos rechacen el órgano nuevo. </p> Transplantes y donaciones Organ Transplantation Donación de órganos Trasplante de corazón Trasplante de hígado Trasplante de pulmón Trasplante de páncreas Trasplante de riñón Trasplante Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios y Recursos de la Salud Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Depresión de invierno Depresión estacional <p>El trastorno afectivo estacional es un tipo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> que va y viene con las estaciones. Por lo general, comienza a finales de otoño y principios del invierno y desaparece durante la primavera y el verano. Algunas personas tienen episodios de depresión que comienzan en la primavera o el verano, pero eso es mucho menos común. Los síntomas pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li>Tristeza</li> <li>Perspectiva sombría</li> <li>Sentimientos de desesperanza, pesimismo e irritación </li> <li>Pérdida de interés en actividades que antes solía disfrutar</li> <li>Poca energía</li> <li>Dificultad para dormir o dormir demasiado</li> <li>Deseos de comer carbohidratos y aumento de peso</li> <li>Pensamientos de muerte o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html">suicidio</a></li> </ul> <p>El trastorno afectivo estacional es más común en las mujeres, los jóvenes y los que viven lejos del ecuador. También es más probable que lo sufra si usted o miembros de su familia tienen depresión. </p> <p>Se desconocen las causas exactas del trastorno. Los investigadores han encontrado que quienes la sufren pueden tener un desequilibrio de serotonina, un químico del cerebro que afecta su estado de ánimo. Sus cuerpos también producen demasiada melatonina, una hormona que regula el sueño, y no suficiente vitamina D.</p> <p>El tratamiento principal para el trastorno es la terapia de luz (fototerapia). La idea es reemplazar la luz del sol que se pierde durante los meses de otoño e invierno. Usted se sienta delante de una caja de fototerapia cada mañana para exponerse en forma diaria a la luz artificial brillante. Pero casi la mitad de algunas personas con el trastorno no responden a la terapia de luz sola. Los medicamentos antidepresivos y terapia de conversación pueden reducir los síntomas del trastorno afectivo estacional, ya sea solos o combinados con fototerapia.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</p> Salud mental y conducta Seasonal Affective Disorder Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Afectivo estacional, Trastorno TAE (Trastorno afectivo estacional) Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Más información Spanish/Español Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Más información Spanish/Español NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Enfermedad maniaco-depresiva <h3>¿Qué es el trastorno bipolar?</h3> <p>El trastorno bipolar es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mooddisorders.html">afección del estado de ánimo</a> que puede provocar cambios de ánimo intensos:</p> <ul> <li>En ocasiones puede sentirse extremadamente "animado", eufórico, irritable o con energía. Esto se conoce como <strong>episodio maníaco</strong></li> <li>Otras veces puede sentirse deprimido, triste, indiferente o desesperanzado. A esto se le llama <strong>episodio depresivo</strong></li> <li>Puede tener síntomas maníacos y depresivos a la vez, también conocido como <strong>episodio mixto</strong></li> </ul> <p>Junto con los cambios de ánimo, el trastorno bipolar provoca cambios en el comportamiento, los niveles de energía y los niveles de actividad.</p> <p>El trastorno bipolar solía tener otros nombres, como depresión maníaca y trastorno maniacodepresivo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastorno bipolar?</h3> <p>Hay tres tipos principales de trastorno bipolar:</p> <ul> <li> El <strong>trastorno bipolar I</strong> incluye episodios maníacos que duran al menos 7 días o síntomas maníacos tan graves que necesita atención hospitalaria inmediata. Los episodios depresivos también son frecuentes. Suelen durar al menos dos semanas. Este tipo de trastorno bipolar también puede implicar episodios mixtos</li> <li>El <strong>trastorno bipolar II</strong> se define por episodios depresivos, pero en lugar de graves episodios maníacos, se presentan episodios hipomaníacos. La hipomanía es una versión menos grave de la manía</li> <li> El <strong>trastorno ciclotímico</strong> o ciclotimia también presenta síntomas hipomaníacos y depresivos, pero no son tan intensos o duraderos como los episodios hipomaníacos o depresivos. Los síntomas suelen durar al menos dos años en adultos y un año en niños y adolescentes</li> </ul> <p>Con cualquiera de estos tipos, un paciente que tenga cuatro o más episodios de manía o depresión en un año se conoce como "ciclador rápido".</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el trastorno bipolar?</h3> <p>No se conoce la causa exacta del trastorno bipolar. Es probable que varios factores influyan en esta afección, incluyendo la genética, la estructura y función del cerebro y su ambiente.</p> <h3>¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de tener un trastorno bipolar?</h3> <p>Usted tiene un mayor riesgo de trastorno bipolar si tiene un familiar cercano que lo padece. Pasar por un trauma o eventos estresantes en la vida puede aumentar aún más este riesgo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno bipolar?</h3> <p>Los síntomas del trastorno bipolar pueden variar, pero involucran cambios de ánimo conocidos como episodios anímicos:</p> <ul> <li>Los síntomas de un <strong>episodio maníaco</strong> pueden incluir:</li> <ul> <li>Sentirse muy optimista, eufórico o animado</li> <li> Sentirse nervioso o acelerado, más activo de lo habitual</li> <li> Tener muy mal genio o parecer extremadamente irritable</li> <li> Sentir que los pensamientos van muy rápido, lo mismo al hablar</li> <li>Dormir menos</li> <li>Sentirse inusualmente importante, talentoso o poderoso</li> <li>Hacer cosas arriesgadas que muestren falta de juicio, como comer y beber demasiado, gastar o regalar mucho dinero o tener relaciones sexuales poco seguras</li> </ul> <li>Los síntomas de un <strong>episodio depresivo</strong> pueden incluir:</li> <ul> <li> Sentirse muy triste, desesperanzado o inútil</li> <li>Sentirse solo o aislarse de los demás</li> <li>Hablar muy despacio, sentir que no tiene nada que decir u olvidar mucho</li> <li>Tener poca energía</li> <li>Dormir demasiado</li> <li>Comer demasiado o muy poco</li> <li>Falta de interés en sus actividades habituales y no poder hacer cosas simples</li> <li>Pensar en la muerte o el suicidio</li> </ul> <li>Un <strong>episodio mixto</strong> incluye síntomas maníacos y depresivos. Por ejemplo, puede sentirse muy triste, vacío o desesperanzado, mientras que al mismo tiempo se siente extremadamente lleno de energía</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas con trastorno bipolar pueden tener síntomas más leves. Por ejemplo, puede tener hipomanía en lugar de manía. En la hipomanía, puede sentirse muy bien y descubrir que puede hacer mucho. Puede que no sienta que algo anda mal. Pero su familia y amigos pueden notar sus cambios de ánimo y en sus niveles de actividad. Es posible que se den cuenta de que su comportamiento es inusual para usted. Después de la hipomanía, es posible que tenga una depresión grave.</p> <p>Los episodios de estado de ánimo pueden durar una semana o dos o en ocasiones más. En general, los síntomas de un episodio se presentan todos los días durante la mayor parte del día.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno bipolar?</h3> <p>Para diagnosticar el trastorno bipolar, su profesional de la salud puede usar muchas herramientas:</p> <ul> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas, historial de vida, experiencias e historia familiar</li> <li>Pruebas médicas para descartar otras afecciones</li> <li>Una evaluación de salud mental. Su proveedor puede realizar la evaluación o puede derivarlo a un especialista en salud mental para evaluarlo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno bipolar?</h3> <p>El tratamiento puede ayudar a muchas personas, incluyendo aquellas con las formas más graves de trastorno bipolar. Los principales tratamientos para el trastorno bipolar incluyen medicamentos, psicoterapia o ambos:</p> <ul> <li>Los <strong>medicamentos</strong> pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas del trastorno bipolar. Es posible que deba probar varios medicamentos diferentes para encontrar cuál funciona mejor para usted. Algunas personas necesitan tomar más de un medicamento. Es importante tomar su medicamento de manera constante. No deje de tomarlo sin antes hablar con su proveedor. Contacte a su profesional de la salud si tiene alguna pregunta sobre los efectos secundarios de los medicamentos</li> <li>La <strong>psicoterapia</strong> (terapia de conversación) puede ayudarlo a reconocer y cambiar emociones, pensamientos y comportamientos preocupantes. Puede brindarle a usted y su familia apoyo, educación, habilidades y estrategias para enfrentar el trastorno. Existen varios tipos diferentes de psicoterapia que pueden ayudar con el trastorno bipolar</li> <li>Otras <strong>opciones de tratamiento</strong> incluyen:</li> <ul> <li><strong>Terapia electroconvulsiva</strong>: Procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que puede ayudar a aliviar los síntomas. Utiliza una corriente eléctrica suave y se realiza bajo anestesia general. Esta terapia se utiliza con mayor frecuencia para el trastorno bipolar grave que no mejora con otros tratamientos. También se puede usar cuando alguien necesita un tratamiento que funcione más rápidamente que los medicamentos. Esto podría suceder cuando una persona tiene un alto riesgo de suicidio o es catatónica (no responde) </li><li><strong>Estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva (EMTr)</strong>: Procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que utiliza ondas magnéticas para aliviar la depresión. No es tan potente como la terapia electroconvulsiva, pero con la EMTr no se necesita anestesia general. También tiene un bajo riesgo de efectos negativos en la memoria y el pensamiento</li> <li><strong>Fototerapia</strong>: Se ha demostrado eficaz para el trastorno afectivo estacional (TAE). Muchas personas con trastorno bipolar también descubren que su depresión empeora durante ciertas estaciones, generalmente en otoño e invierno. La fototerapia puede ayudar con los síntomas</li> <li><strong>Cambios saludables en el estilo de vida</strong>: Esto incluye hacer ejercicio con regularidad, tener un horario de sueño constante y llevar un diario del estado de ánimo, lo que también pueden ayudar con los síntomas</li> </ul> </ul> <p>El trastorno bipolar es una enfermedad de por vida. Pero el tratamiento continuo a largo plazo puede ayudar a controlar sus síntomas y permitir vivir una vida saludable y exitosa.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</p> Salud mental y conducta Bipolar Disorder Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Depresión Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Deficiencia de atención TDAH <h3>¿Qué es el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?</h3> <p>El TDAH es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo. Por lo general, se diagnostica por primera vez en la infancia y, a menudo, dura hasta la edad adulta. Sin embargo, a algunas personas no se les diagnostica el trastorno hasta que son adultas. El TDAH implica:</p> <ul> <li>Tener problemas para prestar atención (falta de atención)</li> <li>Tener problemas para controlar conductas impulsivas (impulsividad)</li> <li>Ser demasiado activo (hiperactividad)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?</h3> <p>Hay tres tipos de TDAH:</p> <ul> <li><strong>TDAH predominantemente inatento</strong>: Las personas con este tipo de TDAH tienen problemas para prestar atención y se distraen con facilidad. Les cuesta organizarse o terminar las tareas. Pueden tener problemas para seguir instrucciones o conversaciones</li> <li><strong>TDAH predominantemente hiperactivo e impulsivo</strong>: Las personas con este tipo de TDAH tienen síntomas tanto de hiperactividad como de impulsividad: <ul> <li><strong>Con hiperactividad</strong>: Las personas sienten la necesidad de estar siempre en movimiento. Tienen problemas para quedarse quietas y pueden ser inquietas y/o hablar demasiado</li> <li><strong>Con impulsividad</strong>: Las personas tienen problemas para controlar sus acciones y palabras. Tienden a actuar sobre ideas o sentimientos repentinos sin pensar en las posibles consecuencias. Pueden interrumpir mucho a los demás o tener problemas para esperar su turno</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>TDAH combinado</strong>: Las personas con este tipo de TDAH tienen una combinación de síntomas de falta de atención e hiperactividad-impulsividad. El TDAH combinado es el más común</li> </ul> <p>A veces es normal tener problemas para prestar atención o quedarse quieto, especialmente en los niños. Pero, en ocasiones, las personas con TDAH tienen síntomas más graves que pueden causar problemas serios, como malas calificaciones para los niños o la pérdida del trabajo para los adultos. Los síntomas son continuos y también pueden afectar la vida familiar y social.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?</h3> <p>Se desconoce la causa exacta del TDAH. Probablemente es el resultado de una combinación de factores, como la genética y el entorno. Los investigadores están analizando posibles factores ambientales que podrían aumentar el riesgo de tener TDAH. Estos factores incluyen lesiones cerebrales, nutrición y entornos sociales.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?</h3> <p>Los síntomas dependen del tipo de TDAH que tenga una persona.</p> <p><strong>Las personas con síntomas de problemas de atención con frecuencia:</strong></p> <ul> <li>No se fijan en detalles o cometen errores por descuido en la escuela, el trabajo o en otras actividades</li> <li>Tienen problemas para concentrarse en actividades de juego o tareas laborales</li> <li>No parecen escuchar cuando se le habla directamente</li> <li>Les resulta difícil seguir instrucciones o terminar tareas, o pueden comenzar, pero se desconcentran fácilmente</li> <li>Tienen problemas para organizarse, mantener sus pertenencias en orden y administrar el tiempo</li> <li>Evitan realizar tareas que requieren largos períodos de esfuerzo mental</li> <li>Pierden artículos importantes como libros, billeteras, llaves, anteojos y celulares</li> <li>Olvidan hacer las actividades diarias</li> </ul> <p><strong>A menudo, quienes tienen TDHA con síntomas de hiperactividad-impulsividad pueden:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Estar inquietos y moverse al estar sentados</li> <li>Pararse cuando deben permanecer sentados, como en la escuela o el trabajo</li> <li>Correr o trepar cuando no es apropiado (niños) o estar inquietos (adolescentes y adultos)</li> <li>Tener problemas para realizar actividades tranquilas</li> <li>Estar en constante movimiento</li> <li>Hablar mucho más de lo normal</li> <li>Dar respuestas bruscas antes de que se completen las preguntas</li> <li>Tener problemas para esperar su turno</li> <li>Interrumpir a los demás, como durante conversaciones o juegos</li> </ul> <p><strong>Las personas con TDAH combinado muestran una mezcla de síntomas de falta de atención e hiperactividad-impulsividad.</strong></p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?</h3> <p>No existe una prueba única para diagnosticar el TDAH. Un paso del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-del-tdah/">proceso para diagnosticar el TDAH</a> implica realizar un examen físico, que incluye pruebas de visión, pruebas de audición (para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-audicion-para-ninos/">niños</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-audicion-para-adultos/">adultos</a>) y otros exámenes para descartar otros problemas con síntomas parecidos al TDAH. Otros problemas con síntomas similares incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sleepdisorders.html">dificultades para dormir</a> y ciertos tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html">problemas de aprendizaje</a>.</p> <p>El proceso también implica un historial médico completo y antecedentes familiares. Y generalmente incluye el uso de listas de verificación de síntomas de TDAH, cuestionarios y/o preguntas de entrevista estandarizados. Estas herramientas tienen escalas de calificación (sistemas de puntuación) que ayudan al profesional de la salud a ver si los síntomas y los antecedentes de una persona se ajustan a un diagnóstico de TDAH.</p> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico de TDAH, el profesional de la salud debe haber encontrado todas estas cosas:</p> <ul> <li>Varios síntomas de TDAH que comenzaron antes de los 12 años</li> <li>Varios síntomas de falta de atención y/o hiperactividad-impulsividad que han durado al menos 6 meses y causan problemas graves: <ul> <li>Para niños de hasta 16 años, debe haber al menos 6 síntomas continuos</li> <li>Para los mayores de 17 años, debe haber al menos 5 síntomas continuos</li> </ul> </li> <li>Síntomas que ocurren en 2 o más entornos, por ejemplo, en el hogar y en el trabajo o la escuela</li> <li>Síntomas que claramente obstaculizan el buen funcionamiento en la escuela, el trabajo y/o en situaciones sociales</li> <li>Los síntomas no son causados por otro <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">trastorno de salud mental</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH)?</h3> <p>Aunque no existe cura para el TDAH, los tratamientos pueden ayudar a reducir los síntomas y mejorar el funcionamiento. El TDAH se trata comúnmente con:</p> <ul> <li>Medicamentos</li> <li>Psicoterapia (terapia de conversación), incluyendo terapia conductual</li> <li>Educación o capacitación para padres para brindarles las habilidades y estrategias para ayudar a sus hijos. Esto es especialmente importante para los niños más pequeños</li> <li>Una combinación de estos tratamientos</li> </ul> <p>Buenos planes de tratamiento incluyen una estrecha vigilancia, seguimiento y la realización de cambios, si es necesario, a lo largo del camino.</p> <p>Llevar un estilo de vida saludable, como una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html">alimentación sana</a> y hacer <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">ejercicio regular</a>, también puede ayudar a controlar los síntomas.</p> <p>Para los niños en edad escolar, el apoyo escolar es importante. Esto puede incluir intervenciones conductuales en el aula, como planes de manejo del comportamiento o enseñarle a su hijo habilidades organizativas y de estudio. También puede incluir adaptaciones como asientos específicos en el aula, trabajo de clase reducido o tiempo adicional en pruebas y exámenes.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</p> Niños y adolescentes Salud mental y conducta Cerebro y nervios Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Problemas de aprendizaje Trastornos de la conducta del niño ADHD Déficit de atención con hiperactividad, Trastorno de Hiperactividad Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Adultos Spanish/Español Niños y Adultos con Trastorno de Deficiencia de Atención/Hiperactividad PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Adultos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adultos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH TEPT <h3>¿Qué es el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT)?</h3> <p>El trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) es una afección de salud mental que algunas personas desarrollan tras experimentar o ver algún evento traumático. Este episodio puede poner en peligro la vida, como la guerra, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html">desastre natural</a>, un accidente automovilístico o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html">agresión sexual</a>. Pero a veces el evento no es necesariamente peligroso. Por ejemplo, la muerte repentina e inesperada de un ser querido también puede causar TEPT.</p> <p>Es normal sentir miedo durante y después de una situación traumática. El miedo desencadena una respuesta de "lucha o huida". Esta es la forma en que el cuerpo busca protegerse de posibles peligros. Causa cambios en el cuerpo, como la liberación de ciertas hormonas y aumenta el estado de alerta, la presión arterial, la frecuencia cardíaca y la respiración.</p> <p>Con el tiempo, normalmente la mayoría de las personas se recuperan bien. Pero las personas con TEPT no se sienten mejor. Se sienten estresados y asustados mucho después de que el trauma haya terminado. En algunos casos, los síntomas de TEPT pueden comenzar más tarde. También pueden aparecer y desaparecer con el tiempo.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el trastorno de estrés postraumático?</h3> <p>Los investigadores no saben por qué algunas personas tienen TEPT y otras no. La genética, la neurobiología, los factores de riesgo y los aspectos personales pueden afectar si tiene TEPT después de un evento traumático.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT)?</h3> <p>Usted puede desarrollar TEPT a cualquier edad. Muchos factores de riesgo juegan un papel en si tendrá TEPT. Estos incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Su género: Las mujeres tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar TEPT</li> <li>Haber tenido traumas en la infancia</li> <li>Sentir horror, impotencia o miedo extremo</li> <li>Pasar por un evento traumático que dura mucho tiempo</li> <li>Tener poco o ningún apoyo social después del evento</li> <li>Sufrir estrés adicional después del evento, como la pérdida de un ser querido, dolor y lesiones, o la pérdida del trabajo o del hogar</li> <li>Tener antecedentes de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">enfermedades mentales</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">uso de sustancias</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno de estrés postraumático?</h3> <p>Hay cuatro tipos de síntomas de TEPT, pero pueden no ser los mismos para todos. Cada persona experimenta síntomas a su manera. Los tipos son:</p><ul> <li><strong>Volver a experimentar los síntomas (reviviscencia)</strong>: Cuando algo le recuerda el trauma y siente ese miedo de nuevo. Ejemplos incluyen:</li> <ul> <li>Flashbacks: Le hacen sentir como si estuviera pasando por el evento nuevamente</li> <li>Pesadillas</li> <li> Pensamientos aterradores</li> </ul> <li><strong>Síntomas de evasión</strong>: Cuando intenta evitar situaciones o personas que desencadenan recuerdos del evento traumático. Esto puede hacer que usted:</li> <ul> <li>Evite lugares, eventos u objetos que le recuerden la experiencia traumática. Por ejemplo, si tuvo un accidente automovilístico, podría dejar de conducir</li> <li>Evite pensamientos o sentimientos relacionados con el evento traumático. Por ejemplo, puede intentar mantenerse muy ocupado para evitar pensar en lo que sucedió</li> </ul> <li><strong>Síntomas de hipervigilancia y reactividad</strong>: Estos pueden causar nerviosismo o estar atento al peligro. Incluyen:</li> <ul> <li>Sentirse fácilmente sobresaltado</li> <li>Sentirse tenso o "al límite"</li> <li>Tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insomnia.html">dificultad para dormir</a></li> <li>Tener arrebatos de ira</li> </ul> <li><strong>Síntomas cognitivos y del estado de ánimo</strong>: Consisten en cambios negativos en creencias y sentimientos. Incluyen:</li> <ul> <li> Problemas para recordar cosas importantes sobre el evento traumático</li> <li>Pensamientos negativos sobre usted o el mundo</li> <li>Sentir culpa y remordimiento</li> <li>Perder interés en cosas que antes disfrutaba</li> <li>Problemas para concentrarse </li> </ul> </ul> <p>Los síntomas generalmente comienzan poco después del acontecimiento traumático. Pero a veces pueden tardarse en aparecer meses o años. También pueden ir y venir por muchos años.</p> <p>Si sus síntomas duran más de cuatro semanas, le causan una gran angustia o interfieren con su vida laboral o personal, es posible que tenga TEPT.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno de estrés postraumático?</h3> <p>Un profesional de la salud con experiencia en ayudar a personas con enfermedades mentales puede diagnosticar TEPT. El proveedor realizará una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">evaluación de salud mental</a> y también puede hacer un examen físico. Para obtener un diagnóstico de TEPT, debe tener todos estos síntomas durante al menos un mes:</p><ul> <li>Al menos un síntoma de reviviscencia </li> <li>Al menos un síntoma de evitación (evasión) </li> <li>Al menos dos síntomas de hipervigilancia y reactividad</li> <li>Al menos dos síntomas cognitivos y anímicos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno de estrés postraumático?</h3> <p>Los principales tratamientos para el TEPT son la terapia de conversación, medicamentos o ambos a la vez. El TEPT afecta a las personas de manera diferente, por lo que un tratamiento que funciona para alguien puede no hacerlo para otra persona. Si tiene TEPT, debe trabajar con un profesional de salud mental para encontrar el mejor tratamiento para sus síntomas.:</p><ul> <li><strong>Psicoterapia o terapia de conversación</strong>: Busca educar sobre los síntomas. Enseña a identificar qué los desencadena y cómo manejarlos. Existen diferentes tipos de terapia de conversación para el TEPT</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong>: Pueden ayudar con los síntomas del TEPT. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">antidepresivos</a> pueden ayudar a controlar síntomas como la tristeza, la preocupación, la ira y la sensación de vacío interno. Otros medicamentos pueden ayudar con problemas del sueño y pesadillas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el trastorno de estrés postraumático?</h3> <p>Hay ciertos factores que pueden ayudar a reducir el riesgo de desarrollar TEPT. Estos se conocen como factores de resiliencia e incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Buscar el apoyo de otras personas como amigos, familiares o un grupo de apoyo</li> <li> Aprender a sentirse bien con su actuar ante el peligro</li> <li>Tener una estrategia de afrontamiento o una forma de superar el episodio traumático y aprender de él</li> <li> Poder actuar y responder eficazmente a pesar de sentir miedo</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental </p> Salud mental y conducta Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Estrés Salud del veterano y personal militar Estrés postraumático, Trastorno de PTSD TEPT Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro Nacional para el TEPT Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centro Nacional para el TEPT Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional para el TEPT Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centro Nacional para el TEPT Spanish/Español Niños/as Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centro Nacional para el TEPT Spanish/Español Niños/as Red Nacional para el Estrés Traumático Infantil PDF Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional para el TEPT Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centro Nacional para el TEPT Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Centro Nacional para el TEPT Personas mayores Spanish/Español Centro Nacional para el TEPT Ataques de pánico <h3>¿Qué es el trastorno de pánico?</h3> <p>El trastorno de pánico es un tipo de trastorno de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a>. Causa ataques de pánico repetidos, períodos repentinos de miedo intenso, malestar o sensación de perder el control. Estos ataques ocurren aunque no exista un peligro real. A menudo causan síntomas físicos. Por ejemplo, es posible que sienta latidos cardíacos rápidos o fuertes o piense que está sufriendo un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque cardíaco</a>.</p> <p>Si tiene ataques de pánico, no significa que vaya a desarrollar un trastorno de pánico. Muchas personas sólo tienen uno o dos ataques de pánico en su vida y mejoran sin tratamiento.</p> <p>Pero algunas de las personas que sufren ataques de pánico desarrollan un trastorno de pánico, es decir, tienen ataques de pánico frecuentes. Los ataques pueden ocurrir varias veces al día o tan raramente como unas pocas veces al año. Con frecuencia, las personas con trastorno de pánico se preocupan por sufrir otro ataque. Puede hacer que eviten lugares y situaciones donde tuvieron ataques de pánico en el pasado.</p> <p>El trastorno de pánico no pone en peligro la vida, pero puede ser perturbador y afectar su calidad de vida. Y si no se trata, a veces puede provocar otros problemas de salud, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y trastornos por uso de sustancias.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el trastorno de pánico?</h3> <p>Se desconoce la causa del trastorno de pánico. Los investigadores piensan que ciertos factores pueden influir:</p> <ul> <li>Genética: En ocasiones, el trastorno de pánico es hereditario, pero no se sabe con certeza por qué algunos miembros de la familia lo padecen y otros no</li> <li>Biología y química del cerebro</li> <li>Su ambiente</li> <li>Alto nivel de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de tener un trastorno de pánico?</h3> <p>El trastorno de pánico es más común en mujeres que en hombres. A menudo comienza al final de la adolescencia o al comienzo de la edad adulta. En ocasiones, comienza cuando una persona está bajo mucho estrés. Las personas que han sufrido un trauma, especialmente en la infancia, tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar un trastorno de pánico.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno de pánico?</h3> <p>Las personas con trastorno de pánico pueden tener:</p> <ul> <li>Ataques de pánico repentinos y frecuentes de ansiedad y miedo abrumadores</li> <li>Una sensación de estar fuera de control o miedo a la muerte durante un ataque de pánico</li> <li>Una intensa preocupación por otro ataque de pánico</li> <li>Temor o evitar de lugares y situaciones donde tuvieron ataques de pánico en el pasado</li> <li>Síntomas físicos durante un ataque de pánico, como: <ul> <li>Corazón palpitante o acelerado</li> <li>Sudoración o escalofríos</li> <li>Temblor o agitación</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breathingproblems.html">Problemas para respirar</a></li> <li>Sensación de que se están ahogando</li> <li>Debilidad o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">mareos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor de pecho</a></li> <li>Dolor de estómago o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">náuseas</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Los ataques de pánico pueden ocurrir en cualquier momento y sin previo aviso. Pueden durar desde unos pocos minutos hasta más de una hora.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno de pánico?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene trastorno de pánico, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Le preguntará sobre su historia clínica y sus síntomas</li> <li>Puede verificar si un problema físico no relacionado está causando sus síntomas, por ejemplo con: <ul> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Análisis de sangre para detectar problemas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">tiroides</a> y otras posibles afecciones</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearthealthtests.html">Pruebas de la salud del corazón</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Puede hacer una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-trastorno-de-panico/">prueba de trastorno de pánico</a></li> <li>Puede derivarlo a un profesional de salud mental para la prueba de trastorno de pánico u otros tipos de evaluaciones psicológicas</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno de pánico?</h3> <p>El tratamiento para el trastorno de pánico suele incluir uno o más de los siguientes:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Terapia de conversación</strong>, también llamada psicoterapia o asesoramiento, que puede ayudarle a comprender sus sentimientos <ul> <li>Puede incluir <strong>terapia cognitivo-conductual</strong>, un tipo de terapia de conversación que ayuda a cambiar los pensamientos negativos o la forma en que reacciona ante las cosas que le provocan ansiedad</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong>, incluyendo: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">Antidepresivos</a>, como los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina y los inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina y norepinefrina</li> <li>Medicamentos contra la ansiedad</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Su profesional de la salud también puede sugerirle que siga un estilo de vida saludable, lo que puede ayudar con el trastorno de pánico. Esto puede incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Evitar el alcohol</li> <li>Reducir la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/caffeine.html">cafeína</a></li> <li>Comer comidas regulares</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Dormir bien</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Hacer ejercicio regularmente</a></li> </ul> <p>Unirse a un grupo de apoyo también puede ayudar. Los grupos de apoyo pueden hacerle sentir que no está solo y es posible que aprenda nuevas sugerencias sobre cómo afrontar la situación.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental </p> Salud mental y conducta Panic Disorder Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Ansiedad Pánico, Trastorno de Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Autismo <p>El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es una afección neurológica y de desarrollo que comienza en la niñez y dura toda la vida. Afecta cómo una persona se comporta, interactúa con otros, se comunica y aprende. Este trastorno incluye lo que se conocía como síndrome de Asperger y el trastorno generalizado del desarrollo no especificado. </p> <p>Se lo llama "trastorno de espectro" porque diferentes personas con TEA pueden tener una gran variedad de síntomas distintos. Estas pueden tener problemas para hablar con usted y es posible que no lo miren a los ojos cuando usted les habla. Además, pueden tener intereses limitados y comportamientos repetitivos. Es posible que pasen mucho tiempo ordenando cosas o repitiendo una frase una y otra vez. Parecieran estar en su "propio mundo". </p> <p>Durante los chequeos regulares, el doctor debería examinar el desarrollo de su niño. Si existen signos de TEA, su niño tendrá una evaluación completa y exhaustiva. Esta puede incluir un equipo de especialistas que realizarán varios exámenes y evaluaciones para llegar a un diagnóstico. </p> <p>No se conocen las causas del trastorno del espectro autista. Las investigaciones sugieren que tanto los genes como los factores ambientales juegan un rol importante. </p> <p>Actualmente, no existe un tratamiento estándar para el TEA. Hay muchas maneras de maximizar la capacidad del niño para crecer y aprender nuevas habilidades. Cuanto antes se comience, mayores son las probabilidades de tener más efectos positivos en los síntomas y las aptitudes. Los tratamientos incluyen terapias de comportamiento y de comunicación, desarrollo de habilidades y/o medicamentos para controlar los síntomas. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Niños y adolescentes Salud mental y conducta Autism Spectrum Disorder Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Desarrollo del niño Salud mental Trastornos de la conducta del niño Asperger, Síndrome Autismo Trastornos generalizados del desarrollo Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Síntomas Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <h3>¿Qué es el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo?</h3> <p>El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">afección mental</a> que consiste en presentar pensamientos (obsesiones) y rituales (compulsiones) una y otra vez. Estos interfieren con su vida, pero no puede controlarlos ni detenerlos.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo?</h3> <p>No se conoce la causa del trastorno-obsesivo compulsivo. Factores como la genética, la biología cerebral y la química, junto a su entorno, pueden desempeñar un papel en la afección.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener trastorno obsesivo compulsivo?</h3> <p>En general, el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo comienza en la adolescencia o cuando se es adulto joven. A menudo, los niños desarrollan TOC a una edad más temprana que las niñas.</p> <p>Los factores de riesgo para el TOC incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Historia familiar</strong>: Las personas con un pariente de primer grado (padre, hermano o hijo) que tiene TOC presentan un mayor riesgo. Esto es especialmente cierto si el familiar desarrolló TOC cuando era niño o adolescente</li> <li><strong>Estructura y funcionamiento del cerebro</strong>: Los estudios de imágenes demuestran que las personas con TOC tienen diferencias en ciertas partes del cerebro. Los investigadores necesitan hacer más estudios para comprender la conexión entre estas diferencias cerebrales y el TOC</li> <li><strong>Trauma infantil</strong> como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childabuse.html">abuso infantil</a>: Algunos estudios han encontrado un vínculo entre el trauma en la infancia y el TOC. Se necesita más investigación para comprender mejor esta relación</li> </ul> <p>En algunos casos, los niños pueden desarrollar algunos síntomas o TOC después de una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/streptococcalinfections.html">infección estreptocócica</a>. Esto se llama trastornos neuropsiquiátricos autoinmunes pediátricos asociados a estreptococo (PANDAS, por su sigla en inglés).</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno obsesivo compulsivo?</h3> <p>Las personas con TOC pueden tener síntomas de obsesiones, compulsiones o ambos:</p> <ul> <li> Las <strong>obsesiones</strong> son pensamientos, impulsos o imágenes mentales que se repiten y causan ansiedad. Pueden involucrar cosas como:</li> <ul> <li> Miedo a los gérmenes o a la contaminación</li> <li>Miedo a perder o extraviar algo</li> <li>Preocupaciones por perjuicios que le puedan afectar a usted o a otros</li> <li>Pensamientos prohibidos no deseados que involucran sexo o religión</li> <li>Pensamientos agresivos hacia usted u otros</li> <li>Necesitar que algunas cosas estén alineadas en forma exacta o dispuestas de una manera particular y precisa</li> </ul> <li>Las <strong>compulsiones</strong> son comportamientos que usted siente que debe hacer una y otra vez para tratar de reducir su ansiedad o detener los pensamientos obsesivos. Algunas compulsiones comunes incluyen:</li> <ul> <li>Limpieza y / o lavado de manos excesivo</li> <li>Verificar repetidamente cosas, como si la puerta está cerrada o el horno apagado</li> <li>Contar compulsivamente</li> <li>Ordenar y organizar las cosas de una manera particular y precisa</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Algunas personas con TOC también tienen un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tourettesyndrome.html">síndrome de Tourette</a> u otro trastorno de tics. Los tics son espasmos, movimientos o sonidos repentinos que las personas hacen una y otra vez. Las personas con tics no pueden evitar que su cuerpo los haga.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo?</h3> <p>El primer paso es hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre sus síntomas. Es importante verificar si un problema físico está causando sus síntomas. Luego, su proveedor le hará un examen físico y le preguntará sobre su historia clínica. Si sus síntomas no parecen ser causados por un problema físico, su proveedor puede realizarle una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-trastorno-obsesivo-compulsivo-toc/">prueba de TOC</a> o derivarlo a un especialista en salud mental para una evaluación o tratamiento adicional.</p> <p>A veces, el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. Sus síntomas son parecidos a otras afecciones mentales, como los trastornos de ansiedad. También es posible tener TOC y otro trastorno mental al mismo tiempo.</p> <p>No todos los que tienen obsesiones o compulsiones tienen TOC. En general, sus síntomas se consideran TOC cuando usted:</p> <ul> <li>No puede controlar sus pensamientos o comportamientos, incluso cuando sabe que son excesivos</li> <li>Dedica al menos 1 hora al día a estos pensamientos o comportamientos</li> <li>No disfruta al presentar estas conductas, pero hacerlas puede aliviarle brevemente de la ansiedad</li> <li>Tiene problemas importantes en su vida diaria debido a estos pensamientos o comportamientos</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo?</h3> <p>Los principales tratamientos para el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo son la terapia cognitivo-conductual, los medicamentos o ambos:</p> <ul> <li><strong>La terapia cognitiva conductual (TCC)</strong> es un tipo de psicoterapia. Enseña diferentes formas de pensar, comportarse y reaccionar ante sus obsesiones y compulsiones <ul> <li><strong>La terapia de exposición con prevención de respuesta</strong> implica exponerle gradualmente a sus miedos u obsesiones. Aprende formas saludables de lidiar con la ansiedad que causan</li> </ul> </li> <li>Los <strong>medicamentos</strong> para el TOC incluyen ciertos tipos de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">antidepresivos</a>. Si no funcionan para usted, su proveedor puede sugerirle que tome otro tipo de medicina psiquiátrica </li> </ul> <p>Si tiene TOC grave que no mejora con estos tratamientos, su profesional de la salud puede sugerirle un tratamiento llamado estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva (EMTr). Es un procedimiento de estimulación cerebral que utiliza ondas magnéticas. Puede apuntar a áreas cerebrales específicas relacionadas con el TOC.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental </p> Salud mental y conducta Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Obsesivo-compulsivo, Trastorno Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Abuso de alcohol Alcoholismo <h3>¿Qué es el trastorno por consumo de alcohol?</h3> <p>Para la mayoría de los adultos, el consumo moderado de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">alcohol</a> probablemente no es peligroso. Sin embargo, cerca de 18 millones de adultos en Estados Unidos tienen trastorno por el consumo de alcohol. Esto quiere decir que sus hábitos de consumo causan angustia y daños. Este trastorno puede ser de leve a severo, dependiendo de los síntomas. En ocasiones, el tipo severo es llamado alcoholismo o dependencia del alcohol. </p> <p>El trastorno por consumo de alcohol es una enfermedad que causa:</p> <ul> <li> Ansia: Una fuerte necesidad de beber </li> <li> Pérdida de control: Incapacidad para dejar de beber una vez que se comenzó</li> <li>Estado emocional negativo: Sentirse ansioso e irritable cuando no se está bebiendo</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué son los atracones de alcohol?</h3> <p>Un atracón de alcohol consiste en beber tanto de una vez que el nivel de concentración de alcohol en la sangre es de 0.08% o más. Para un hombre, generalmente ocurre después de tomar 5 o más bebidas en unas pocas horas, mientras que para una mujer es después de unas 4 o más bebidas en pocas horas. No todos los que se dan atracones tienen trastorno por consumo de alcohol, pero tienen un mayor riesgo de presentarlo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los peligros de consumir demasiado alcohol?</h3> <p>Beber demasiado alcohol es peligroso. Tomar en exceso puede aumentar el riesgo de ciertos tipos de cáncer. Puede conducir a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">enfermedades del hígado</a>, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fattyliverdisease.html">hígado graso</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cirrhosis.html">cirrosis</a>. También puede causar daño al cerebro y otros órganos. Beber durante el embarazo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html">puede dañar a su bebé</a>. El alcohol también aumenta el riesgo de muerte por accidentes automovilísticos, lesiones, homicidios y suicidios.</p> <h3>¿Cómo sé si tengo un trastorno por consumo de alcohol?</h3> <p>Usted puede tener un trastorno por consumo de alcohol si contesta afirmativamente a dos o más de las siguientes preguntas.</p> <p>En el último año, usted:</p> <ul> <li>¿Terminó bebiendo más o por más tiempo más de lo que había planeado?</li> <li>¿Quiso reducir o dejar de beber, o trató de hacerlo y no pudo?</li> <li>¿Pasó mucho tiempo bebiendo, o recuperándose de beber mucho?</li> <li>¿Tuvo una fuerte necesidad de beber?</li> <li>¿Encontró que beber, o sentirse mal por beber, a menudo interfirió con su vida familiar, trabajo o escuela?</li> <li>¿Siguió bebiendo a pesar de que estaba causándole problemas con su familia o amigos?</li> <li>¿Dejó o disminuyó actividades que disfrutaba para beber?</li> <li>¿Se puso en situaciones peligrosas mientras bebía o después de beber? Algunos ejemplos son conducir borracho y tener relaciones sexuales de alto riesgo</li> <li>¿Siguió bebiendo aunque le hiciera sentir deprimido o ansioso? ¿O cuando agravaba otro problema de salud?</li> <li>¿Debió beber más y más para sentir los efectos del alcohol?</li> <li>¿Tuvo síntomas de abstinencia cuando se le estaba pasando el efecto del alcohol? Los síntomas incluyen problemas para dormir, temblores, irritabilidad, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a>, inquietud, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">náuseas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sweat.html">sudores</a>. En casos severos, usted podría tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">convulsiones</a> o alucinaciones</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene alguno de estos síntomas, su consumo de alcohol ya puede ser motivo de preocupación. Cuantos más síntomas tenga, más grave es el problema.</p> <h3>¿Qué debo hacer si creo que podría tener un trastorno por consumo de alcohol?</h3> <p>Si cree que puede tener un trastorno por consumo de alcohol, consulte a su profesional de la salud para una evaluación. Su proveedor puede ayudarle a hacer un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaudtreatment.html">plan de tratamiento</a>, recetar medicamentos y, si es necesario, darle referencias de tratamiento.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo</p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo Alcohol Alcohol y menores de edad Cirrosis Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal Abuso de alcohol Alcoholismo Emborracharse Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Mujeres Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias PDF Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Adolescentes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Trastornos hereditarios del cerebro <p>Los trastornos genéticos del cerebro son causados por una variación o mutación en un gen. Una variación o alteración es una forma diferente de un gen. Una mutación es un cambio en el gen mismo. Los trastornos cerebrales genéticos afectan el desarrollo y funcionamiento del cerebro. </p> <p>Algunos trastornos cerebrales genéticos se deben a las mutaciones genéticas casuales o mutaciones causadas por exposición ambiental, como lo es el humo del cigarrillo. Otras enfermedades son hereditarias, lo que significa que un gen mutante o un grupo de genes mutantes se transmite entre familiares. También existen trastornos causados por una combinación de cambios en los genes y otros factores externos. </p> <p>Algunos ejemplos de los trastornos cerebrales genéticos son:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/leukodystrophies.html">Leucodistrofias</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phenylketonuria.html">Fenilcetonuria</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/taysachsdisease.html">Enfermedad de Tay-Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wilsondisease.html">Enfermedad de Wilson</a></li> </ul> <p>Muchas personas con trastornos cerebrales genéticos no pueden producir suficiente cantidad de ciertas proteínas que influyen en el desarrollo y el funcionamiento del cerebro. Estos trastornos pueden causar problemas serios que afectan el sistema nervioso. Algunos de estos trastornos cuentan con tratamientos para controlar los síntomas. Algunos otros, ponen en peligro la vida. </p> Cerebro y nervios Genética y defectos congénitos Problemas del metabolismo Genetic Brain Disorders Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Enfermedad de Tay-Sachs Enfermedad de Wilson Enfermedades del cerebelo Enfermedades genéticas Fenilcetonuria Leucodistrofias Pruebas genéticas Trastornos metabólicos Cerebral genético, Trastorno Galactosemia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría <p>¿Su hijo parece mucho más bajo o mucho más alto que los otros niños de su edad? Eso puede ser normal. Algunos niños pueden parecer pequeños para su edad pero, en realidad, se están desarrollando normalmente. Otros son bajos o altos porque sus padres lo son.</p> <p>Pero otros pueden tener un problema de crecimiento. Estos son trastornos que hacen que los niños no tengan una estatura, peso o madurez sexual normales. </p> <p>Algunas veces, el crecimiento muy rápido o muy lento puede indicar una enfermedad o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pituitarydisorders.html">problema glandular</a>.</p> <p>La glándula pituitaria produce la hormona del crecimiento que estimula el crecimiento de los huesos y otros tejidos. Los niños que tienen una deficiencia de esta hormona, o sea que no producen suficiente, pueden tener muy baja estatura. El tratamiento con hormonas específicas puede estimular el crecimiento.</p> <p>Pero las personas también pueden tener un exceso de esta hormona, o sea que producen demasiado. Por lo general, la causa es un tumor en la glándula pituitaria, que no es un cáncer. El exceso de la hormona de crecimiento puede causar gigantismo en los niños, en cuyo caso los huesos y el cuerpo crecen demasiado. En los adultos, puede causar acromegalia, que hace que las manos, los pies y la cara sean más grandes de lo normal. Los tratamientos posibles incluyen cirugía para extirpar el tumor, medicinas y radioterapia.</p> Niños y adolescentes Sistema endocrino Growth Disorders Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Enanismo Enfermedades de la glándula pituitaria Enfermedades del sistema endocrino Hormonas Síndrome de Turner Crecimiento, Trastorno del Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Desórdenes de la alimentación Trastornos alimentarios Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria <h3>¿Qué son los trastornos alimentarios?</h3> <p>Los trastornos alimentarios son afecciones graves de salud mental. Implican problemas serios sobre cómo se piensa sobre la comida y la conducta alimenticia. Se puede comer mucho menos o mucho más de lo necesario.</p> <p>Los trastornos alimentarios son afecciones médicas. No son un estilo de vida. Afectan la capacidad del cuerpo para obtener una nutrición adecuada. Esto puede provocar problemas de salud como enfermedades <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">cardíacas</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">renales</a>, o incluso la muerte. Sin embargo, hay tratamientos que pueden ayudar.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastornos alimentarios?</h3> <p>Los tipos comunes de trastornos alimentarios incluyen:</p><ul> <li> <strong>Atracones de comida</strong>: Es decir, comer sin control. Las personas con trastorno por atracón siguen comiendo incluso después de estar llenas. A menudo, comen hasta que se sienten muy incómodos. En general, después tienen sentimientos de culpa, vergüenza y angustia. Darse atracones de comida con demasiada frecuencia puede causar aumento de peso y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a>. El trastorno por atracón es el trastorno alimentario más común en los Estados Unidos</li> <li><strong>Bulimia nerviosa</strong>: Las personas con bulimia nerviosa también tienen períodos de atracones. Pero luego se purgan provocándose vómitos o usando laxantes. También pueden hacer ejercicio en exceso o pueden ayunar. Las persnas con bulimia nerviosa pueden tener poco peso, peso normal o sobrepeso</li> <li><strong>Anorexia nerviosa</strong>: Las personas con anorexia nerviosa evitan los alimentos, restringen severamente los alimentos o comen cantidades muy pequeñas de solo algunos alimentos. Pueden verse a sí mismas con sobrepeso, incluso cuando están peligrosamente delgadas. La anorexia nerviosa es el menos común de los tres trastornos alimenticios, pero a menudo es el más grave. Tiene la tasa de mortalidad más alta de cualquier trastorno mental</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa los trastornos alimentarios?</h3> <p>Se desconoce la causa exacta de los trastornos alimentarios. Los investigadores creen que estas afecciones son causadas por una interacción compleja de factores, incluyendo genéticos, biológicos, conductuales, psicológicos y sociales.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de trastornos alimentarios?</h3> <p>Cualquiera puede desarrollar un trastorno alimentarios, pero son más comunes en mujeres. Estos trastornos aparecen con frecuencia durante la adolescencia o la edad adulta, pero también se pueden desarrollar durante la infancia o más adelante en la vida.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos alimentarios?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de los trastornos alimentarios varían, dependiendo del trastorno.</p> <p>Los síntomas de los <strong>atracones de comida</strong> incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Comer cantidades inusualmente grandes de alimentos en un período de tiempo específico, como un período de 2 horas</li> <li>Comer incluso cuando está lleno o no tiene hambre</li> <li>Comer rápido durante los episodios de atracones</li> <li>Comer hasta que esté incómodamente lleno</li> <li>Comer solo o en secreto para evitar la vergüenza</li> <li>Sentirse angustiado, avergonzado o culpable por su alimentación</li> <li>Hacer dieta con frecuencia, posiblemente sin pérdida de peso</li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas de la <strong>bulimia nerviosa</strong> incluyen los mismos síntomas que los atracones, además de tratar de deshacerse de la comida o el peso después de atracones.:</p><ul> <li>Purga al vomitar o usar laxantes o enemas para acelerar el tránsito de los alimentos por el cuerpo</li> <li> Hacer ejercicio intensivo y excesivo</li> <li>Ayuno</li> </ul> <p>Con el tiempo, la bulimia nerviosa puede causar problemas de salud como:</p><ul> <li> Inflamación y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html">dolor de garganta</a> crónico</li> <li>Glándulas salivales inflamadas en el área del cuello y la mandíbula</li> <li>Esmalte dental desgastado y dientes cada vez más sensibles y con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html">caries</a>: Causado por la exposición al ácido del estómago cada vez que vomita</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gerd.html">ERGE </a>(enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico) y otros problemas gastrointestinales</li> <li>Deshidratación severa por la purga</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html">Desequilibrio electrolítico</a>: Puede ser por niveles demasiado bajos o demasiado altos de sodio, calcio, potasio y otros minerales, lo que puede provocar un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">derrame cerebral</a> o un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataque al corazón</a> </li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas de la <strong>anorexia nerviosa</strong> incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Comer muy poco, hasta el extremo de morir de hambre</li> <li> Ejercicio intensivo y excesivo</li> <li> Delgadez extrema</li> <li>Miedo intenso a aumentar de peso</li> <li>Imagen corporal distorsionada: Verse con sobrepeso incluso cuando tiene un peso extremadamente bajo</li> </ul> <p>Con el tiempo, la anorexia nerviosa puede causar problemas de salud como:</p><ul> <li> Baja densidad ósea (osteopenia u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">Anemia</a> leve</li> <li>Pérdida muscular y debilidad</li> <li>Cabello y uñas finas y quebradizas</li> <li>Piel seca, manchada o amarillenta</li> <li>Crecimiento de vello fino en todo el cuerpo</li> <li>Estreñimiento severo</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lowbloodpressure.html">Presión arterial baja</a></li> <li>Respiración y pulso lento</li> <li>Sensación de frío todo el tiempo debido a una baja en la temperatura interna del cuerpo</li> <li>Sentirse débil o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">mareado</a> </li> <li>Sentirse cansado todo el tiempo</li> <li>Infertilidad</li> <li>Daño a la estructura y función del corazón</li> <li>Daño cerebral</li> <li>Falla multiorgánica</li> </ul> <p>La anorexia nerviosa puede ser fatal. Algunas personas con este trastorno mueren de complicaciones por inanición, y otras mueren por <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html">suicidio</a>.</p> <p>Algunas personas con trastornos alimentarios también pueden tener otras <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">enfermedades mentales</a>, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a>o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a>, o problemas con el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">uso de drogas</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos alimentarios?</h3> <p>Debido a que los trastornos alimentarios pueden ser muy graves, es importante buscar ayuda si usted o un ser querido piensa que podría tener este problema. Para hacer un diagnóstico, su profesional de la salud puede utilizar:</p><ul> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas: Es importante ser honesto sobre sus comportamientos alimenticios y de actividad física para que su proveedor pueda ayudarle</li> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Análisis de sangre u orina para descartar otras posibles causas de sus síntomas</li> <li>Otras pruebas para ver si tiene algún otro problema de salud causado por el trastorno alimentario. Estos pueden incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneytests.html">pruebas de función renal</a> y un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/electrocardiograma/">electrocardiograma</a> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos alimentarios?</h3> <p>Los planes de tratamiento para los trastornos alimentarios se adaptan a las necesidades de cada persona. Es probable que tenga un equipo de proveedores que lo ayude, incluyendo médicos, nutricionistas, enfermeras y terapeutas. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li><strong>Psicoterapia individual, grupal y / o familiar</strong>: La terapia individual puede incluir enfoques cognitivos conductuales que le ayuden a identificar y cambiar los pensamientos negativos e inútiles. También ayuda a desarrollar habilidades de afrontamiento y cambiar patrones de comportamiento</li> <li><strong>Atención médica y monitoreo</strong>: Incluida la atención de las complicaciones que pueden causar los trastornos alimentarios</li> <li><strong>Asesoramiento nutricional</strong>: Los médicos, enfermeras y consejeros le ayudarán a comer de manera saludable para alcanzar y mantener un peso sano</li> <li><strong>Medicamentos</strong>: Como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">antidepresivos</a>, antipsicóticos o estabilizadores del estado de ánimo pueden ayudar a tratar algunos trastornos alimentarios. También pueden ayudar con los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad que a menudo acompañan a estos trastornos </li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas con trastornos alimentarios graves pueden necesitar estar en un hospital o en un programa de tratamiento residencial. Los programas de tratamiento residencial combinan servicios de vivienda y tratamiento. </p><p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental</p> Salud mental y conducta Alimentos y nutrición Eating Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Control de peso Alimentación, Trastornos de la Anorexia Apetito desenfrenado Bulimia Comer compulsivamente Trastornos alimentarios Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Mujeres Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría <h3>¿Qué son los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular?</h3> <p>Los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular son más de 30 afecciones que aquejan las articulaciones temporomandibulares. Usted tiene dos articulaciones temporomandibulares en su mandíbula. Éstas conectan su mandíbula con su cráneo.</p> <p>Los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular pueden causar problemas en las articulaciones de su mandíbula y en los músculos que controlan el movimiento de la mandíbula. Estos problemas incluyen dolor, rigidez y problemas para masticar.</p> <p>Hay tres tipos de trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular:</p> <ul> <li>Trastornos en las articulaciones de su mandíbula</li> <li>Trastornos en los músculos que utiliza para masticar</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolores de cabeza</a> por causa de trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular</li> </ul> <p>Muchos de estos trastornos tienen una duración corta y se solucionan por sí mismos. Sin embargo, en algunos casos pueden volverse crónicos (de larga duración).</p> <h3>¿Qué causa los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular)?</h3> <p>A veces una lesión en la mandíbula o la articulación temporomandibular puede causar trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular. Sin embargo, en muchos casos, se desconoce la causa.</p> <p>Las investigaciones sugieren que ciertos factores pueden jugar un papel en el comienzo de los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular y si éstos serán de larga duración:</p> <ul> <li>Genética</li> <li>Estrés psicológico y de la vida</li> <li>Cómo percibe el dolor una persona</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidad de desarrollar un trastorno de la articulación temporomandibular?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede desarrollar un trastorno de la articulación temporomandibular, no obstante, es más común en mujeres entre 35 y 44 años.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor en los músculos que utiliza para masticar o en la articulación de la mandíbula es el síntoma más común</li> <li>Dolor que se extiende hacia la cara o el cuello</li> <li>Rigidez en la mandíbula</li> <li>Movimiento limitado o bloqueo de la mandíbula</li> <li>Chasquido doloroso de la articulación de la mandíbula cuando abre o cierra la boca. No obstante, chasquidos sin dolor es común y <strong>no</strong> es un signo de trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tinnitus.html">Tinnitus</a> (zumbido en los oídos), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">pérdida de la audición</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dizzinessandvertigo.html">mareos</a></li> <li>Un cambio en la forma en que los dientes superiores e inferiores encajan.</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular?</h3> <p>No hay un examen estándar para diagnosticar los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular y otras afecciones que pueden causar síntomas similares. Esto puede que dificulte el diagnóstico de los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular.</p> <p>Para saber si tiene un trastorno de la articulación temporomandibular, su profesional de la salud o dentista:</p> <ul> <li>Toma un historial médico detallado, el cual incluye preguntarle sobre sus síntomas cómo: <ul> <li>Dónde siente el dolor </li> <li>Cuándo tiene el dolor</li> <li>Qué lo mejora o lo empeora</li> <li>Si se limita a un área o se extiende a otras partes de su cuerpo</li> <li>Si tiene cualquier otro dolor como dolor de cabeza o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/backpain.html">espalda</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Examina su cabeza, cuello, rostro y mandíbula para saber si hay: <ul> <li>Sensibilidad</li> <li>Chasquido de la mandíbula</li> <li>Problemas para mover su mandíbula</li> </ul> </li> <li>Puede pedir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">estudios con imágenes</a> como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografía</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mriscans.html">resonancia magnética</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ctscans.html">tomografía computarizada</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular?</h3> <p>Para muchas personas, los síntomas de los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular son temporales. Para ayudarlo a sentirse mejor, su profesional de la salud o dentista puede sugerirle que:</p> <ul> <li>Coma alimentos suaves</li> <li>Aplique calor o frío al rostro y haga algunos ejercicios para estirar suavemente y fortalecer los músculos de su mandíbula</li> <li>Tome <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> como medicamentos antiinflamatorios como ibuprofeno</li> <li>Deje de apretar la mandíbula, masticar chicle y morderse las uñas</li> </ul> <p>Si eso no funciona, su profesional de la salud o dentista puede sugerirle otros tratamientos como:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Terapia física</strong></li> <li><strong>Enfoques de autocuidado y salud conductual:</strong>, which can include: <ul> <li><strong>Terapia cognitivo conductual (TCC):</strong> un tipo de psicoterapia. Puede ayudarlo a identificar los pensamientos negativos y cambiarlos. También puede enseñarle habilidades de afrontamiento</li> <li><strong>Bioretroalimentación:</strong> el cual involucra el uso de dispositivos electrónicos para enseñarle a controlar ciertas funciones de su cuerpo como latidos cardíacos, presión arterial y tensión muscular. Por ejemplo, puede detectar cuando aprieta los músculos de su mandíbula. Usted puede aprender cómo reconocer cuando pasa esto y relajar sus músculos</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medicinas</strong> como: <ul> <li>Medicamento para la ansiedad</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antidepressants.html">Antidepresivos</a></li> <li>Medicamentos anticonvulsivos</li> <li>Medicamentos para el dolor con receta médica</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Un aparato intraoral:</strong> el cual es un aparato que se coloca sobre sus dientes. Algunos tipos de aparatos intraorales incluyen férulas y protectores orales. Si utiliza uno de estos aparatos, es importante: <ul> <li>Saber que no hay mucha evidencia de que puedan mejorar el dolor de un trastorno de la articulación temporomandibular</li> <li>Asegurarse de que el aparato que tenga no esté diseñado para cambiar permanentemente la forma en que usted muerde</li> <li>Avisar a su profesional de la salud o dentista si el aparato empeora su dolor</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complementaryandintegrativemedicine.html">Tratamientos complementarios</a>:</strong> los cuales son tratamientos que se utilizan junto con su cuidado médico. Hay poca evidencia que muestre que ayuden con los síntomas de los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular. No obstante, algunos profesionales de la salud y dentistas pueden recomendar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acupuncture.html">acupuntura</a> y estimulación eléctrica transcutánea (TENS por sus siglas en inglés). Esto involucra utilizar un dispositivo que envía corriente eléctrica suave a sus nervios o músculos. También puede ayudar a tratar el dolor al interrumpir o bloquear las señales del dolor.</li> </ul> <p>Si aún tiene síntomas severos de un trastorno de la articulación temporomandibular, su profesional de la salud o dentista pueden sugerir una cirugía, incluyendo cirugía de implantes u otros procedimientos.</p> <p>Es importante ser cuidadoso, ya que a veces la cirugía u otro procedimiento puede no funcionar y empeorar sus síntomas. Antes de cualquier cirugía u otro procedimiento, es muy importante tener la Segunda opinión de otro profesional de la salud, además de entender bien los riesgos. Si es posible, obtenga la opinión de un cirujano que se especialice en el tratamiento de trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial</p> Salud oral y dental Temporomandibular Disorders Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial ATM Articulación temporomandibular, Trastorno Disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial PDF NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nacional de la Cefalea Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Problemas de comportamiento del niño <p>Todos los niños se comportan mal algunas veces. Y otros niños pueden tener problemas de comportamiento temporales debido al estrés. Por ejemplo, el nacimiento de un hermanito, divorcio o la muerte de un miembro de la familia puede hacer que el niño se comporte mal. Pero los trastornos de la conducta son más serios. Abarcan un patrón de conductas hostil, agresivo o perturbador que dura más de seis meses y que no es apropiado para la edad del niño. </p> <p>Los signos de advertencia pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li> Dañar o amenazar a otras personas, mascotas o a sí mismos</li> <li> Dañar o destruir las pertenencias ajenas </li> <li> Mentir o robar </li> <li> No tener buen rendimiento escolar, faltar a la escuela </li> <li> Comenzar a fumar, beber o consumir drogas prematuramente </li> <li> Actividad sexual prematura </li> <li> Rabietas y discusiones frecuentes </li> <li> Hostilidad constante hacia las figuras de autoridad </li> </ul> <p>Si observa alguno de estos problemas, pida ayuda. Las malas elecciones pueden volverse un hábito. Los niños con problemas de conducta tienen más riesgo de fracasar en la escuela, tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childmentalhealth.html">problemas mentales</a> y hasta <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/suicide.html">suicidarse</a>. Las clases o la terapia de familia pueden ayudar a los padres a aprender a establecer y hacer cumplir los límites. La psicoterapia y terapia del comportamiento para su hijo también pueden ayudar. </p> Niños y adolescentes Salud mental y conducta Child Behavior Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Autolesión Desarrollo del adolescente Desarrollo del niño Salud mental del adolescente Salud mental del niño Trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad Chicos, Conducta Conducta del niño, Trastorno de la Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría <p>La lengua ayuda a saborear la comida, a tragar y a masticar. También se usa para hablar. Está compuesta de varios músculos. La superficie contiene las papilas gustativas.</p> <p>Los problemas de la lengua incluyen:</p> <ul> <li> Dolor</li> <li> Hinchazón</li> <li> Cambios de color o de textura</li> <li> Movimientos anormales o dificultad para moverla</li> <li> Trastornos del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tasteandsmelldisorders.html">gusto</a></li> </ul> <p>Estos problemas pueden ser causados por varias razones. El tratamiento dependerá de éstas razones.</p> Salud oral y dental Tongue Disorders Cáncer oral Enfermedades de la boca Problemas del habla y de la comunicación Trastornos del gusto y del olfato Lengua, Trastornos de la Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Medicina Oral PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <h3>¿Qué es la personalidad?</h3> <p>La personalidad es su propia forma de pensar, sentir, comportarse y relacionarse con los demás. Una vez que llega a la edad adulta, en general su personalidad no cambia mucho.</p> <h3>¿Qué son los trastornos de personalidad?</h3> <p>Los trastornos de personalidad son un grupo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mentaldisorders.html">enfermedades mentales</a>. Implican patrones a largo plazo de pensamientos y comportamientos que son diferentes de lo que se considera normal en su cultura. Los pensamientos y comportamientos son poco saludables e inflexibles. Causan serios problemas con las relaciones, el trabajo y las actividades sociales. Pueden hacer que sea difícil lidiar con el estrés y los problemas diarios.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tipos de trastornos de personalidad?</h3> <p>Hay 10 tipos de trastornos de personalidad. Se agrupan en 3 categorías diferentes llamados grupos. Los tipos en cada grupo tienen algunos síntomas y características similares. Los grupos y tipos son:</p> <p>Los trastornos de personalidad del&nbsp;<strong>grupo A</strong>&nbsp;implican pensamientos y comportamientos inusuales y extraños. Incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Trastorno de personalidad paranoide</strong>: La persona tiene paranoia (miedo extremo y desconfianza hacia los demás). Puede pensar que alguien está tratando de hacerles daño</li> <li><strong>Trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad</strong>: La persona prefiere estar sola y no está interesada en relacionarse con los demás</li> <li><strong>Trastorno esquizotípico de la personalidad</strong>: La persona tiene pensamientos y maneras inusuales de comportarse y hablar. Se siente incómoda teniendo relaciones cercanas con los demás</li> </ul> <p>Los trastornos de personalidad del&nbsp;<strong>grupo B</strong>&nbsp;involucran pensamientos y comportamientos dramáticos y emocionales que pueden seguir cambiando. Incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Trastorno de personalidad antisocial</strong>: La persona tiene un patrón a largo plazo de manipulación, explotación o violación de los derechos de los demás</li> <li><strong>Trastorno límite de la personalidad</strong>: La persona tiene muchos problemas para controlar sus emociones. Esto le hace impulsiva e insegura sobre cómo se ve a sí misma. Puede causar muchos problemas en sus relaciones</li> <li><strong>Trastorno histriónico de la personalidad</strong>: La persona es dramática, tiene emociones fuertes y siempre busca la atención de los demás</li> <li><strong>Trastorno de personalidad narcisista</strong>: La persona carece de empatía y quiere ser admirada por los demás. Piensa que es mejor que los demás y que merece un trato especial</li> </ul> <p>Los trastornos de personalidad del&nbsp;<strong>grupo C</strong>&nbsp;implican pensamientos y comportamientos ansiosos y temerosos. Incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Trastorno de personalidad por evitación</strong>: La persona es muy tímida y siente que no es tan buena como los demás. A menudo evita a las personas porque teme el rechazo</li> <li><strong>Trastorno de personalidad dependiente</strong>: La persona depende demasiado de los demás y siente que necesita que la cuiden. Puede dejar que otros la traten mal porque tiene miedo de perder la relación</li> <li><strong>Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo de la personalidad</strong>: La persona necesita control y orden. Es perfeccionista y puede ser inflexible. Aunque algunos de los síntomas son similares, no es lo mismo que el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html">trastorno obsesivo compulsivo</a> (TOC)</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa los trastornos de personalidad?</h3> <p>En general, los trastornos de personalidad comienzan cuando la persona está en la adolescencia o en los primeros años de la edad adulta. Se desconoce la causa. Sin embargo, es probable que los genes y las experiencias de la infancia, como el abuso y el trauma, tengan un papel.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de los trastornos de personalidad?</h3> <p>Los síntomas de cada trastorno de la personalidad son diferentes. Pero cada trastorno implica problemas e incertidumbre sobre cómo las personas se ven a sí mismas. Los trastornos también causan problemas en las relaciones con otras personas.</p> <p>Las personas con trastornos de la personalidad pueden tener problemas para darse cuenta de que tienen un problema. Para ellos, sus pensamientos son normales. Pueden ver a otros como el problema. Por ello, es posible que no busquen ayuda cuando la necesitan. O, si buscan ayuda, puede ser por otra razón. Es posible que estén buscando ayuda debido a otros síntomas de salud mental o problemas en sus relaciones y el trabajo. A veces, alguien más, como un miembro de la familia o una agencia social, puede pedirles que soliciten ayuda.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos de personalidad?</h3> <p>Un profesional de la salud mental puede diagnosticar trastornos de la personalidad. Un profesional de salud mental es un especialista en diagnosticar y tratar problemas de salud mental. Para hacer un diagnóstico, el proveedor considerará los síntomas, las experiencias y la historia médica familiar de la persona. También se puede realizar un examen médico completo para ayudar a descartar otras posibles causas de los síntomas.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se tratan los trastornos de personalidad?</h3> <p>La terapia de conversación, también conocida como psicoterapia, es el principal tratamiento para los trastornos de la personalidad. Los medicamentos pueden ayudar a aliviar ciertos síntomas, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a> o los cambios de humor.</p> Salud mental y conducta Personality Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Salud mental Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo Paranoia Personalidad, Trastornos Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>La uretra es un tubo que permite a la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urineandurination.html">orina</a> salir del cuerpo. En los hombres, la uretra es un tubo largo que corre a lo largo del pene. En las mujeres, la uretra es corta. Las causas de los problemas de la uretra pueden ser envejecimiento, enfermedad o lesión. Estos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cáncer de la uretra: Un tipo raro de cáncer que afecta con más frecuencia a hombres</li> <li>Estenosis uretral: Estrechamiento de la abertura de la uretra</li> <li>Uretritis: Inflamación de la uretra, a veces causada por una infección</li> </ul> <p>Los problemas de la uretra pueden causar dolor o dificultad para orinar. Usted también puede presentar sangrado o secreción por la uretra.</p> <p>Los doctores diagnostican los problemas uretrales con varios exámenes. Estos incluyen análisis de orina, rayos X y un examen con una sonda especial con una pequeña cámara en su extremo llamado cistoscopia. El tratamiento depende de la causa del problema. Puede incluir medicinas y, en casos severos, cirugía. </p> Riñones y sistema urinario Urethral Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades de la vejiga Orina y micción Uretra, Trastornos de la Uretral, Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Hombres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH <p>La voz es el sonido que se produce cuando el aire pasa desde los pulmones a través de la laringe. En la laringe se encuentran las cuerdas vocales, dos bandas musculares que vibran para emitir los sonidos. Para la mayoría de nosotros, la voz juega un papel importante sobre quiénes somos, lo que hacemos y cómo nos comunicamos. Como las huellas digitales, la voz de cada persona es única. </p> <p>Muchas cosas que hacemos pueden lastimar nuestras cuerdas vocales. Hablar demasiado, gritar, despejar la garganta constantemente o fumar pueden provocar ronquera. También pueden causar problemas como nódulos, pólipos y llagas en las cuerdas vocales. Otras causas de trastornos de la voz incluyen infecciones, subida de los ácidos gástricos hacia la garganta, crecimientos por un virus, cáncer y enfermedades que paralizan las cuerdas vocales. </p> <p>Las señales que la voz no está saludable incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Su voz se ha vuelto ronca o rasgada</li> <li>Ha perdido la habilidad de lograr algunas notas altas cuando canta</li> <li>Su voz de repente suena más profunda</li> <li>Su garganta se siente a menudo irritada, con dolor o cansada</li> <li>Debe esforzarse para hablar</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento de los trastornos de la voz varía dependiendo de la causa. La mayoría de los problemas de la voz pueden ser tratados con éxito si se diagnostican temprano.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación </p> Salud oral y dental Voice Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Cáncer de cabeza y cuello Enfermedades de la boca Enfermedades de la garganta Problemas del habla y de la comunicación Voz, Trastornos de la Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense del Habla, Lenguaje y Audición Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Torácica Estadounidense PDF Problemas bronquiales <p>Los bronquios son dos tubos que se ramifican desde la tráquea y llevan aire a los pulmones.</p> <p>El trastorno bronquial más común es la bronquitis, una inflamación de los tubos. La bronquitis puede ser <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/acutebronchitis.html">aguda</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicbronchitis.html">crónica</a>. Otros problemas incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Bronquiectasia, una afección en la cual el daño a las vías respiratorias hace que se ensanchen, se vuelvan flácidas y con cicatrices</li> <li>Broncoespasmo inducido por ejercicio, ocurre cuando las vías respiratorias se contraen mientras usted está haciendo ejercicio</li> <li>Bronquiolitis, una inflamación de las vías aéreas pequeñas que se ramifican desde los bronquios</li> <li>Displasia broncopulmonar, una afección que afecta a los bebés</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento de los trastornos bronquiales depende de la causa.</p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Bronchial Disorders Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Asma Bronquitis aguda Bronquitis crónica Bronquios, Trastornos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Trastornos de movimientos oculares <p>Cuando usted mira un objeto, usted está utilizando varios músculos para mover ambos ojos y focalizarse en él. Si usted tiene un problema con los músculos, los ojos no funcionan apropiadamente.</p> <p>Existen muchos problemas de movimientos oculares. Los más comunes son:</p> <ul> <li>Estrabismo: Un trastorno donde los ojos no se alinean en la misma dirección. Esto resulta en ojos cruzados o bizcos</li> <li>Nistagmo: Movimientos rápidos e incontrolables de los ojos </li> </ul> <p>Algunos de los trastornos oculares están presentes al nacer. Otros se desarrollan con el tiempo y pueden estar asociados a otros problemas, como lesiones. Los tratamientos incluyen anteojos, parches, ejercicios para los músculos del ojo y cirugía. No existe cura para algunos tipos de trastornos de movimiento del ojo, como el nistagmo. </p> Ojos y visión Eye Movement Disorders Instituto Nacional del Ojo Movimientos oculares, Trastornos Ojos, Trastorno de movimiento Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Academia Americana de Oftalmología Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Problemas del color de la piel <p>Pigmentación significa coloración. Los trastornos de la coloración de la piel afectan el color de la piel. Su piel obtiene su color de un pigmento llamado melanina, el que es producido por células especiales de la piel. Cuando éstas células se dañan o se enferman, se afecta la producción de melanina. Algunos trastornos de la pigmentación afectan solamente ciertas regiones de la piel. Otros afectan todo el cuerpo. </p> <p>Si el cuerpo produce demasiada melanina, la piel se oscurece. El embarazo, la enfermedad de Addison y la exposición al sol pueden oscurecer la piel. Si el cuerpo produce muy poca melanina, la piel se hace más clara. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitiligo.html">vitiligo</a> es una afección que causa áreas de piel clara. El albinismo es un cuadro genético que afecta toda la piel de una persona. Una persona con albinismo puede no tener color, una coloración más ligera que su piel normal o áreas de color de piel sin color. Las infecciones, las ampollas y las quemaduras pueden ser otras causas de regiones de piel más clara. </p> Piel, cabello y uñas Skin Pigmentation Disorders Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Lunares Manchas de nacimiento Vitiligo Pigmentación de la piel, Trastornos de Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Trastornos del cuello del útero <p>El cuello uterino es la parte baja del útero y es donde crece el bebé durante el embarazo. El cuello del útero tiene una abertura elástica que se expande durante el parto. También es por donde el flujo menstrual sale del cuerpo de la mujer.</p> <p>Su proveedor de cuidados de salud quizás realice un Papanicolau durante su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/womenshealthcheckup.html">chequeo médico</a> regular para notar si hay cambios en las células del cuello uterino, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html">cáncer de cuello uterino</a>. Otros problemas del cuello uterino incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Cervicitis: inflamación del cuello uterino, por lo general resultado de una infección</li> <li>Insuficiencia cérvicouterina: puede ocurrir durante el embarazo y consiste en un ensanchamiento del cuello del útero mucho antes de que el bebé nazca</li> <li>Pólipos y quistes cervicales: crecimientos anormales en el cuello uterino</li> </ul> Sistema reproductor femenino Cervix Disorders Cáncer de cuello uterino Enfermedades del útero Virus del papiloma humano Cuello del útero, Trastornos Cuello uterino, Trastornos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Discapacidades del desarrollo <h3>¿Qué son los trastornos del desarrollo?</h3> <p>Los trastornos del desarrollo (o discapacidades del desarrollo) son afecciones que suelen estar presentes al nacer. Pueden afectar el crecimiento y el desarrollo de un niño. Estos trastornos pueden causar problemas físicos, de aprendizaje, de lenguaje o de comportamiento. Pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/learningdisabilities.html">Problemas de aprendizaje</a>: Estos afectan la capacidad de aprender</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html">Trastorno del espectro autista</a> (TEA): Este es un trastorno que afecta el comportamiento, la comunicación y las habilidades sociales</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cerebralpalsy.html">Parálisis cerebral</a>: Afecta el movimiento, la coordinación y el equilibrio</li> <li>Discapacidades físicas, que pueden incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">ceguera</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">sordera</a></li> <li>Problemas que pueden afectar tanto las capacidades físicas como mentales. Esto puede incluir el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/downsyndrome.html">síndrome de Down</a></li> </ul> <p>Estos trastornos pueden provocar desafíos de por vida en el aprendizaje. Hacer las tareas diarias puede ser difícil. El tratamiento temprano puede ayudar a su hijo a obtener habilidades importantes y aprovechar al máximo sus fortalezas.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa los trastornos del desarrollo?</h3> <p>Los trastornos del desarrollo suelen estar presentes al nacer. Pueden ocurrir por varias razones. Estas pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Anomalías genéticas o cromosómicas: Estas causan afecciones como el síndrome de Down, el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fragilexsyndrome.html">síndrome del cromosoma X frágil</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rettsyndrome.html">síndrome de Rett</a></li> <li>Consumo de sustancias durante el embarazo. Por ejemplo,<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html"> beber alcohol durante el embarazo</a> puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html">trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal</a></li> <li>Ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">infecciones durante el embarazo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html">Nacimiento prematuro</a> o bajo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html">peso al nacer</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las discapacidades del desarrollo?</h3> <p>La forma en que se diagnostica un trastorno del desarrollo depende de la afección. Se pueden realizar pruebas de detección o un examen físico para verificar si hay un problema médico. Otras pruebas y cuestionarios pueden ayudar a determinar si su hijo tiene una discapacidad del desarrollo. Estos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Pruebas de detección que se realizan durante el embarazo o para recién nacidos</li> <li>Pruebas de detección del desarrollo y del comportamiento o cuestionarios para verificar si su hijo se está desarrollando como debería</li> <li>Observar el comportamiento de su hijo y cómo interactúa con otras personas</li> <li>Evaluar el rendimiento intelectual y escolar de su hijo</li> <li>Preguntar sobre sus antecedentes familiares</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para los trastornos del desarrollo?</h3> <p>Si su hijo tiene un trastorno del desarrollo, estos suelen ser de por vida. A menudo, no tienen cura, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar a aliviar los síntomas. Los tratamientos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Terapia física, terapia del habla y terapia ocupacional</li> <li>Métodos de enseñanza especiales</li> <li>Consejería psicológica</li> <li>Realizar un seguimiento de cómo crece y cambia su hijo con el tiempo</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Niños y adolescentes Salud mental y conducta Developmental Disabilities Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Discapacidades Problemas de aprendizaje Síndrome de Down Trastorno del espectro autista Trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal Discapacidad intelectual Intelectual, discapacidad Retraso mental Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Centro de Recursos Informativos para Padres Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH TEAF <p>El alcohol puede dañar a su bebé en cualquier etapa del embarazo. Esto incluye los primeros meses, antes de que usted sepa que está embarazada. Tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">alcohol durante el embarazo</a> puede causar un grupo de afecciones llamadas trastornos del espectro alcohólico fetal. Los niños que nacen con estos trastornos pueden mostrar una serie de problemas, incluyendo médicos, conductuales, educativos y sociales. Los tipos de problemas que tengan dependen del tipo de trastorno que tengan. Estos pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Rasgos faciales anormales, como un surco liso entre la nariz y el labio superior</li> <li>Tamaño de cabeza pequeño</li> <li>Menor altura que el promedio</li> <li>Bajo peso corporal</li> <li>Mala coordinación</li> <li>Comportamiento hiperactivo</li> <li>Dificultad con la atención y la memoria</li> <li>Problemas de aprendizaje y dificultad en la escuela</li> <li>Retrasos en el habla y el lenguaje</li> <li> Discapacidad intelectual o bajo coeficiente intelectual</li> <li>Pobre razonamiento y capacidad de juicio</li> <li>Problemas de sueño y succión del bebé</li> <li>Problemas de visión o audición</li> <li>Problemas con el corazón, los riñones o los huesos</li> </ul> <p>El síndrome alcohólico fetal es el tipo de trastorno más serio. Las personas con este síndrome sufren de anormalidades faciales que incluyen ojos muy separados y estrechos, problemas de crecimiento y anomalías del sistema nervioso.</p> <p>Diagnosticar el trastorno del espectro alcohólico fetal puede ser difícil porque no hay una prueba médica específica para ello, como un examen de sangre. El profesional de la salud hará un diagnóstico al observar los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-trastornos-del-espectro-alcoholico-fetal-teaf/">signos y síntomas del niño</a>, y preguntará si la madre bebió alcohol durante el embarazo.</p> <p>El trastorno del espectro alcohólico fetal dura toda la vida. No existe una cura, pero el tratamiento puede ayudar. Estos incluyen medicamentos para ayudar con algunos síntomas, atención médica para problemas de salud, terapia de comportamiento y educacional, y capacitación para padres. Un buen plan de tratamiento es específico para los problemas del niño. Debe incluir un monitoreo cercano, seguimientos y cambios cuando sea necesario.</p> <p>Ciertos "factores de protección" pueden ayudar a reducir los efectos del trastorno de espectro alcohólico fetal y ayudar quienes que los tienen a alcanzar todo su potencial. Estos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Un diagnóstico antes de los seis años de edad</li> <li>Un ambiente en el amoroso, enriquecedor y estable durante los años escolares</li> <li>La ausencia de violencia a su alrededor</li> <li>Participación en educación especial y servicios sociales</li> </ul> <p>No se conoce una cantidad segura de alcohol durante el embarazo. Para prevenir los trastornos, no debe beber alcohol mientras está embarazada o cuando pueda quedar embarazada.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Embarazo y reproducción Genética y defectos congénitos Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo Trastorno por consumo de alcohol Alcoholismo fetal, Síndrome de Espectro alcohólico fetal, Trastornos del Síndrome de alcoholismo fetal TEAF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Fácil de leer Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Pediatría Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH <p>Algunas personas se sienten tristes o irritables de vez en cuando y pueden decir que están de mal humor. Los trastornos del estado de ánimo son diferentes porque afectan a diario el estado emocional de la persona. Aproximadamente, una de cada 10 personas mayores de 18 años, tiene un trastorno del estado de ánimo. Estos trastornos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html">trastorno bipolar</a> (también conocido como depresión maníaca) </p> <p>Los trastornos del estado de ánimo pueden incrementar los riesgos de enfermedades del corazón, diabetes y otras enfermedades en una persona. Los tratamientos incluyen medicinas, psicoterapia o la combinación de los dos. La mayoría de las personas con trastornos del estado de ánimo pueden llevar una vida productiva con el tratamiento adecuado.</p> Salud mental y conducta Mood Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Depresión Trastorno bipolar Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Problemas para degustar y oler <p>Los sentidos del gusto y el olfato nos brindan gran placer. El gusto nos ayuda a disfrutar de las comidas y las bebidas. El olfato nos permite disfrutar las esencias y fragancias, como las rosas o el café. El gusto y el olfato también nos protegen, informándonos cuando una comida está en mal estado o cuando hay una fuga de gas. Nos hacen desear comer, asegurándonos que obtengamos la nutrición necesaria. </p> <p>Las personas con trastornos del gusto pueden sentir sabores que no existen, no diferenciar los sabores o no percibir ningún sabor. Las personas con trastornos del olfato pueden perder el sentido del olfato o sentir olores distintos en algunas cosas. Un olor que antes resultaba agradable puede convertirse en desagradable. </p> <p>Muchas enfermedades y lesiones pueden provocar trastornos del gusto y del olfato, inclusive los resfríos y los traumatismos en la cabeza. Algunos medicamentos también pueden afectar el gusto y el olfato. La mayoría de las personas pierde parte de su capacidad de oler y saborear a medida que envejece. El tratamiento varía, dependiendo del problema y su causa.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación </p> Personas mayores Oído, nariz y garganta Salud oral y dental Taste and Smell Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación Enfermedades de la boca Lesiones y enfermedades de la nariz Gusto, Trastornos Olfato, Trastornos Personas mayores Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>El metabolismo es el proceso que su cuerpo utiliza para producir energía a partir de los alimentos que consume. Los alimentos se componen de proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Su sistema digestivo descompone la comida en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible para su cuerpo. Usted puede utilizar este combustible en forma inmediata, o puede almacenarlo en su cuerpo. Si usted tiene un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html">trastorno metabólico</a>, tiene un problema en este proceso.</p> <p>Un grupo de estos problemas son los trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos. Estos incluyen la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phenylketonuria.html">fenilcetonuria</a> y la enfermedad de la orina con olor a jarabe de arce. Los aminoácidos son los "bloques de construcción" que se unen para formar proteínas. Si usted tiene alguno de estos trastornos, su cuerpo puede tener problemas para descomponer ciertos aminoácidos, o puede haber un problema para que los aminoácidos ingresen a las células. Estos problemas causan una acumulación de sustancias nocivas en su cuerpo. Eso puede conducir a problemas de salud graves e incluso mortales. </p> <p>Usualmente, estos trastornos se heredan. Un bebé que nace con uno de estos trastornos puede no mostrar ningún síntoma. Debido a que los trastornos pueden ser muy graves, el diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano es crítico. Muchos de los bebés recién nacidos se someten a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">pruebas</a> mediante análisis de sangre.</p> <p>Los tratamientos pueden incluir dietas especiales, medicamentos y suplementos. Algunos bebés también pueden necesitar tratamientos adicionales si hay complicaciones.</p> Problemas del metabolismo Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders Proteínas en la dieta Trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos Trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos Trastornos metabólicos Aminoácidos, Trastornos metabólicos de los Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Trastornos del metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono <p>El metabolismo es el proceso que su cuerpo utiliza para producir energía a partir de los alimentos que consume. Los alimentos se componen de proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Los productos químicos en su sistema digestivo (enzimas) descomponen la comida en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible para su cuerpo. Usted puede utilizar este combustible en forma inmediata, o puede almacenarlo en sus tejidos corporales. Si usted tiene un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html">trastorno metabólico</a>, hay un problema en este proceso.</p> <p>Los trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos son un grupo de trastornos metabólicos. En general, sus enzimas descomponen los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydrates.html">carbohidratos</a> en glucosa, un tipo de azúcar. Si usted tiene alguno de estos trastornos, puede que no tenga suficientes enzimas para descomponer los carbohidratos, o puede que las enzimas no funcionen en forma correcta. Esto hace que una cantidad dañina de azúcar se acumule en su organismo. Esto puede conducir a problemas de salud, incluso graves. Algunos de estos trastornos son fatales.</p> <p>Estos trastornos se heredan. Muchos bebés recién nacidos son sometidos a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">pruebas</a> mediante análisis de sangre. Si hay historia familiar de uno de estos trastornos, los padres pueden obtener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">pruebas genéticas</a> para ver si son portadores del gen. Otras pruebas genéticas pueden determinar si el feto tiene el trastorno o si es portador del gen del trastorno.</p> <p>Los tratamientos pueden incluir dietas especiales, suplementos y medicamentos. Algunos bebés también pueden necesitar tratamientos adicionales, si se presentan complicaciones. Para algunos trastornos no existe cura, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar con los síntomas.</p> Problemas del metabolismo Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders Carbohidratos en la dieta Intolerancia a la lactosa Trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos Trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos Trastornos metabólicos Carbohidratos, Trastornos metabólicos de los Hidratos de carbono, Trastornos metabólicos de los Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Americana del Hígado Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Americana del Hígado Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Trastornos del metabolismo de las grasas <p>El metabolismo es el proceso que su cuerpo utiliza para producir energía a partir de los alimentos que consume. Los alimentos se componen de proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Los productos químicos en su sistema digestivo (enzimas) descomponen la comida en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible para su cuerpo. Usted puede utilizar este combustible en forma inmediata, o puede almacenarlo en sus tejidos corporales. Si usted tiene un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html">trastornos metabólico</a>, hay un problema en este proceso.</p> <p>Los trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/gaucherdisease.html">enfermedad de Gaucher</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/taysachsdisease.html">enfermedad de Tay-Sachs</a>, tienen que ver con los lípidos. Los lípidos son grasas o sustancias similares a la grasa. Estos incluyen aceites, ácidos grasos, ceras y colesterol. Si usted tiene alguno de estos trastornos, puede que no tenga suficientes enzimas para descomponer los lípidos, o las enzimas pueden no funcionar en forma correcta y su cuerpo no puede convertir las grasas en energía. Esto causa que una cantidad dañina de lípidos se acumule en su organismo. Con el tiempo, se pueden dañar las células y los tejidos, especialmente en el cerebro, el sistema nervioso periférico, el hígado, el bazo y la médula ósea. Muchos de estos trastornos pueden ser muy graves, o incluso a veces fatales.</p> <p>Estos trastornos se heredan. Muchos bebés recién nacidos son sometidos a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/newbornscreening.html">pruebas</a> mediante análisis de sangre. Si hay historia familiar de uno de estos trastornos, los padres pueden obtener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genetictesting.html">pruebas genéticas</a> para ver si son portadores del gen. Otras pruebas genéticas pueden determinar si el feto tiene el trastorno o si es portador del gen del trastorno.</p> <p>Las terapias de reemplazo de enzimas pueden ayudar con algunos de estos trastornos. Para otros no existe tratamiento. Medicamentos, transfusiones de sangre y otros procedimientos pueden ayudar con las complicaciones.</p> Problemas del metabolismo Lipid Metabolism Disorders Grasas en la dieta Trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos Trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos Trastornos metabólicos Grasas, Trastornos metabólicos de las Lípidos, Trastornos metabólicos de los Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica <p>Los trastornos del movimiento son enfermedades neurológicas que causan problemas con el movimiento, como:</p> <ul> <li>Aumento del movimiento que puede ser voluntario (intencional) o involuntario (no intencional)</li> <li>Disminución del movimiento voluntario o movimientos más lentos</li> </ul> <p>Existen muchos trastornos del movimiento diferentes. Algunos de los tipos más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Ataxia: Pérdida de la coordinación muscular</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dystonia.html">Distonía</a>: Contracciones involuntarias de los músculos que causan torsiones y movimientos repetitivos. Puede ser dolorosa</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/huntingtonsdisease.html">Enfermedad de Huntington</a>: Afección hereditaria que provoca el desgaste de algunas células nerviosas del cerebro. Estas incluyen las células nerviosas que ayudan a controlar los movimientos voluntarios</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html">Enfermedad de Parkinson</a>: Afección que empeora con el tiempo. Causa temblores, lentitud del movimiento y problemas para caminar</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tourettesyndrome.html">Síndrome de Tourette</a>: Enfermedad que causa que las personas que la sufren realicen movimientos o sonidos fuera de lo normal, llamados tics</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tremor.html">Temblor</a> y temblor esencial: Causan sacudidas no intencionales en una o más partes del cuerpo</li> </ul> <p>Las causas de los trastornos del movimiento incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Genes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectiousdiseases.html">Infecciones</a></li> <li>Medicinas</li> <li>Daños en el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">cerebro</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/spinalcordinjuries.html">médula espinal</a> o los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/peripheralnervedisorders.html">nervios periféricos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html">Trastornos metabólicos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stroke.html">Derrame cerebral</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vasculardiseases.html">problemas circulatorios</a></li> <li>Toxinas</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento varía según el trastorno. La medicina puede curar algunos de ellos. Otros mejoran cuando se trata la enfermedad subyacente. Sin embargo, con frecuencia no hay una cura. En ese caso, el objetivo del tratamiento es mejorar los síntomas y aliviar el dolor.</p> Huesos, articulaciones y músculos Cerebro y nervios Movement Disorders Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Ataxia telangiectasia Distonía Enfermedad de Parkinson Enfermedades del cerebelo Enfermedades musculares Enfermedades neuromusculares Parálisis supranuclear progresiva Problemas para caminar Síndrome de Tourette Temblor Machado-Joseph, Enfermedad de Mioclonos Movimiento, Trastorno de Tics nerviosos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica <p>El nervio óptico agrupa a más de un millón de fibras nerviosas que trasladan mensajes visuales. Este conecta la parte posterior de cada ojo (su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/retinaldisorders.html">retina</a>) al cerebro. El daño al nervio óptico puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">pérdida de la visión</a>. El tipo de pérdida de la visión y su gravedad depende de dónde ocurra el daño. Puede afectar a uno o ambos ojos.</p> <p>Hay muchos tipos diferentes de trastornos del nervio óptico, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/glaucoma.html">Glaucoma</a>: Grupo de enfermedades que son la principal causa de ceguera en los Estados Unidos. El glaucoma generalmente ocurre cuando la presión del líquido dentro del ojo se eleva lentamente y daña el nervio óptico</li> <li>Neuritis óptica: Inflamación del nervio óptico. Las causas incluyen infecciones y enfermedades relacionadas con el sistema inmunitario, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/multiplesclerosis.html">esclerosis múltiple</a>. A veces la causa es desconocida</li> <li>Atrofia del nervio óptico: Daño al nervio óptico. Las causas incluyen poco flujo sanguíneo al ojo, enfermedad, trauma o exposición a sustancias tóxicas</li> <li>Drusas de la cabeza del nervio óptico: Bolsas de proteínas y sales de calcio que se acumulan en el nervio óptico a lo largo del tiempo</li> </ul> <p>Comuníquese con su proveedor de atención médica si tiene problemas de visión. Las pruebas para los trastornos del nervio óptico pueden incluir exámenes del ojo, oftalmoscopia (un examen de la parte posterior del ojo) y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diagnosticimaging.html">pruebas de imagen</a>. El tratamiento depende del trastorno que tenga. Algunos tratamientos para los trastornos del nervio óptico permiten recuperar su vista, pero para otros no hay tratamiento, o el tratamiento sólo puede prevenir una mayor pérdida de la visión.</p> Ojos y visión Optic Nerve Disorders Instituto Nacional del Ojo Nervio óptico, Trastorno Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Ojo NIH Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología Trastornos pericardiales Trastornos pericardíacos <p>El pericardio es una membrana o saco, que rodea el corazón. Sostiene el corazón en su lugar y ayuda a que funcione correctamente. Los problemas con el pericardio incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>La pericarditis, una inflamación del saco. Puede ser causada por un virus u otra infección, ataque al corazón, cirugía de corazón, otras afecciones médicas, lesiones y ciertos medicamentos</li> <li>Derrame pericárdico, acumulación de líquido en el saco</li> <li>Taponamiento cardíaco, un problema grave en el cual la acumulación de líquido en el saco causa problemas con el funcionamiento del corazón</li> </ul> <p>Los síntomas de los problemas pericárdicos incluyen dolor en el pecho, palpitaciones y dificultad para respirar. La fiebre es un síntoma común de pericarditis aguda. Para el diagnóstico, su doctor puede hacer un examen físico, pruebas con imágenes y/o pruebas para el corazón. El tratamiento depende de la causa. </p> <p class=""> NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Pericardial Disorders Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Ataque al corazón Enfermedades del corazón Pericardio, Trastornos Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>El sistema nervioso autónomo es la parte de su sistema nervioso que controla las acciones involuntarias, tales como los latidos cardíacos y el ensanchamiento o estrechamiento de los vasos sanguíneos. Cuando algo malo ocurre en este sistema, puede causar problemas serios, entre ellos:</p> <ul> <li> Problemas con la presión arterial </li> <li> Problemas cardíacos</li> <li> Dificultad en la respiración y la deglución </li> <li> Disfunción eréctil en los hombres</li> </ul> <p>Los trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo pueden presentarse aislados o como resultado de otras enfermedades, tales como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/parkinsonsdisease.html">enfermedad de Parkinson</a>, el alcoholismo y la diabetes. Los problemas pueden afectar parte del sistema, como en los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/complexregionalpainsyndrome.html">síndromes de dolor regional complejo</a>, o en todo el sistema. Algunos tipos son transitorios, pero muchos empeoran con el transcurso del tiempo. Cuando afectan la respiración o la función cardiaca, estos trastornos pueden ser riesgosos para la vida.</p> <p>Algunos trastornos del sistema nervioso autónomo pueden mejorar cuando se trata la enfermedad subyacente. Sin embargo, con frecuencia no hay una cura. En esos casos, la meta del tratamiento es mejorar los síntomas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares</p> Cerebro y nervios Autonomic Nervous System Disorders Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Sistema nervioso autónomo, Trastornos Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <p>Sus riñones forman la orina filtrando desechos y exceso de agua de su sangre. Su sangre lleva los desechos a los riñones. De los riñones, la orina pasa por dos tubos delgados llamados uréteres hacia la vejiga.</p> <p>Los uréteres miden entre 8 y 10 pulgadas (20 y 26 cm). Los músculos en las paredes de los uréteres se contraen y relajan para obligar a la orina a bajar y a alejarse de los riñones. Pequeñas cantidades de orina fluyen de los uréteres a la vejiga cada 10 a 15 segundos.</p> <p>Los problemas con los uréteres pueden surgir por obstrucción o lesión. Además, si la orina queda estancada o vuelve, usted puede contraer una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinarytractinfections.html">infección urinaria</a>. </p> <p>Los doctores diagnostican los problemas de los uréteres usando ciertos exámenes. Estos exámenes incluyen análisis de orina, rayos X y un examen con una sonda especial con una pequeña cámara en su extremo llamado cistoscopia. El tratamiento difiere dependiendo de la causa del problema. Puede incluir medicinas y, en casos severos, cirugía. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Riñones y sistema urinario Ureteral Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades de la vejiga Ureteral, Cáncer Uréter, Trastornos del Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Problemas dentales <p>Los dientes están formados por un material duro, similar al hueso. Dentro de los dientes hay nervios y vasos sanguíneos. Los dientes son necesarios para muchas actividades que usted da por un hecho. Entre ellas se incluyen comer, hablar e inclusive, sonreír. Pero los problemas en los dientes no son para reírse. Incluyen problemas como las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toothdecay.html">caries</a>, las infecciones y los traumatismos. </p> <p>El síntoma más común de un problema dental es el dolor de un diente. Otros incluyen el desgaste o la caída de los dientes. Es importante que si tiene problemas en los dientes vea a un dentista. Afortunadamente, muchos trastornos dentales pueden prevenirse mediante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html">cuidado</a> y la limpieza de los dientes. </p> Salud oral y dental Tooth Disorders Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial Caries Enfermedades de las encías Ortodoncia Salud dental Salud dental del niño Dientes, Trastornos Placa Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Dental de California PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Dental de California PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asociación Dental Americana Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Dental de California PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Asociación Dental de California PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Nemours Enfermedades mentales <h3>¿Qué son los trastornos mentales?</h3> <p>Los trastornos mentales (o enfermedades mentales) son afecciones que impactan su pensamiento, sentimientos, estado de ánimo y comportamiento. Pueden ocurrir en un corto período de tiempo o aparecer y desaparecer. Algunos pueden ser crónicos (de larga duración). Pueden afectar su capacidad de relacionarse con los demás y funcionar cada día.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son algunos tipos de trastornos mentales?</h3> <p>Existen muchos tipos diferentes de trastornos mentales. Algunos comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">Trastornos de ansiedad</a>, incluyendo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/panicdisorder.html">trastorno de pánico</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obsessivecompulsivedisorder.html">trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/phobias.html">fobias</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">Depresión</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html">trastorno bipolar</a> y otros <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mooddisorders.html">trastornos del estado de ánimo</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/eatingdisorders.html">Trastornos de la alimentación</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/personalitydisorders.html">Trastornos de la personalidad</a></li> <li><a href="../spanish/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html" tid="2099">Trastorno de estrés post-traumático (TEPT)</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/psychoticdisorders.html">Trastornos psicóticos</a>, incluyendo la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schizophrenia.html">esquizofrenia</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué causa los trastornos mentales?</h3> <p>No hay una sola causa para un trastorno mental. Varios factores pueden contribuir al riesgo de sufrirlo, por ejemplo:</p> <ul> <li>Sus genes y su historia familiar</li> <li>Su experiencia de vida, como el estrés o si ha sufrido de abuso, en especial durante la infancia</li> <li>Factores biológicos como desequilibrios químicos en el cerebro</li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/traumaticbraininjury.html">lesión cerebral traumática</a></li> <li>Exposición prenatal (antes de nacer) a algún <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">virus</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reproductivehazards.html">químicos tóxicos</a> u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancyandsubstanceuse.html">otras sustancias como el alcohol y las drogas</a></li> <li>Consumo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">alcohol</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas</a> </li> <li>Tener una enfermedad seria como el cáncer</li> <li>Tener pocos amigos y sentirse solo o aislado</li> </ul> <p>Los trastornos mentales no son causados por falta de carácter. No tienen nada que ver con ser flojo o débil.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de tener trastornos mentales?</h3> <p>Los trastornos mentales son comunes. Muchos estadounidenses serán diagnosticados con algún trastorno mental en algún momento de su vida.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los trastornos mentales?</h3> <p>Los pasos para obtener un diagnóstico incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica</li> <li>Un examen físico y posiblemente pruebas de laboratorio, si su profesional de salud piensa que otras afecciones médicas podrían estar causando sus síntomas</li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/evaluacion-de-salud-mental/">evaluación psicológica</a> en la cual responderá preguntas sobre sus pensamientos, sentimientos y conducta</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos de los trastornos mentales?</h3> <p>El tratamiento depende del trastorno mental que usted tenga y qué tan grave sea. Junto a su profesional de la salud trabajarán en un plan de tratamiento solo para usted. Por lo general, implica algún tipo de terapia. También puede tomar medicamentos. Algunas personas también necesitan apoyo social y educación para manejar su afección.</p> <p>En algunos casos, es posible que necesite un tratamiento más intensivo. Si su trastorno mental es grave o tiene riesgo de hacerse daño a usted o a alguien más, es posible que deba ir a un hospital psiquiátrico. En el hospital, recibirá consejería, discusiones grupales y actividades con profesionales de salud mental y otros pacientes.</p> Salud mental y conducta Mental Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Adicción a los juegos de azar Ansiedad Autolesión Delirio Depresión Esquizofrenia Fobias Salud mental Salud mental de las personas mayores Salud mental del adolescente Salud mental del niño Suicidio Trastorno bipolar Trastorno de estrés postraumático Trastorno de pánico Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo Trastornos de la alimentación Trastornos de la personalidad Trastornos del estado de ánimo Trastornos psicóticos Mentales, Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Nacional de Salud Mental Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Estudios clínicos Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Estudios clínicos Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Asociación Nacional de Salud Mental Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias PDF Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Nacional de Salud Mental Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Alianza Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Merck & Co., Inc. Problemas del metabolismo Problemas metabólicos <p>El metabolismo es el proceso que usa el organismo para obtener o producir energía por medio de los alimentos que ingiere. La comida está formada por proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Las sustancias químicas del sistema digestivo descomponen las partes de los alimentos en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible de su cuerpo. El organismo puede utilizar esta energía de inmediato o almacenarla en tejidos corporales, como el hígado, los músculos y la grasa corporal.</p> <p>Un trastorno metabólico ocurre cuando hay reacciones químicas anormales en el cuerpo que interrumpen este proceso. Cuando esto pasa, es posible que tenga demasiadas o muy pocas sustancias que su cuerpo necesita para mantenerse saludable. Existen diferentes grupos de trastornos. Algunos afectan la descomposición de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aminoacidmetabolismdisorders.html">aminoácidos</a>, los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/carbohydratemetabolismdisorders.html">carbohidratos</a> o los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lipidmetabolismdisorders.html">lípidos</a>. Otro grupo, las enfermedades mitocondriales, afectan la parte de las células que producen la energía. </p> <p>Usted puede desarrollar un trastorno metabólico si algunos órganos, como el hígado o el páncreas, se enferman o no funcionan normalmente. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> es un ejemplo. </p> Genética y defectos congénitos Problemas del metabolismo Metabolic Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Amiloidosis Enfermedad celíaca Enfermedad de Gaucher Enfermedad de Wilson Fenilcetonuria Hemocromatosis Porfiria Raquitismo Trastornos cerebrales genéticos Metabolismo Metabolopatía congénita Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Trastornos mitocóndricos <p>El metabolismo es el proceso que su cuerpo utiliza para producir energía a partir de los alimentos que consume. Los alimentos se componen de proteínas, carbohidratos y grasas. Los productos químicos en su sistema digestivo (enzimas) descomponen la comida en azúcares y ácidos, el combustible para su cuerpo. Usted puede utilizar este combustible en forma inmediata, o puede almacenarlo en sus tejidos corporales. Si usted tiene un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicdisorders.html">trastorno metabólicos</a>, hay un problema en este proceso.</p> <p>Las enfermedades mitocondriales son un grupo de trastornos metabólicos. Las mitocondrias son estructuras pequeñas que producen energía en casi todas sus células. Ellas lo hacen mediante la combinación de oxígeno con las moléculas de combustible (azúcares y grasas) que provienen de los alimentos. Cuando las mitocondrias son defectuosas, las células no tienen suficiente energía. Las moléculas de oxígeno y combustible no utilizadas se acumulan en las células, causando daños.</p> <p>Los síntomas de enfermedad mitocondrial pueden variar. Depende de la cantidad de mitocondrias defectuosas y dónde están en el cuerpo. A veces, sólo un órgano, tejido o tipo de célula se ve afectada. Pero a menudo el problema afecta a muchos de ellos. Las células musculares y nerviosas tienen necesidades especialmente altas de energía, por lo que los problemas musculares y neurológicos son comunes. Las enfermedades varían de leves a graves. Algunas de ellas pueden ser fatales.</p> <p>Las mutaciones genéticas causan estas enfermedades. Por lo general, ocurren antes de los 20 años, y algunas son más comunes en los bebés. No hay cura para estas enfermedades, pero los tratamientos pueden ayudar con los síntomas y retrasar la enfermedad. Ellos pueden incluir terapia física, vitaminas y suplementos, dietas especiales y medicamentos.</p> Problemas del metabolismo Mitochondrial Diseases Trastornos del metabolismo de los aminoácidos Trastornos del metabolismo de los carbohidratos Trastornos del metabolismo de los lípidos Trastornos metabólicos Mitocondriales, Trastornos Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Spanish/Español Genética Fundación del Síndrome de Barth PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación del Síndrome de Barth PDF Trastornos del pleura <p> La pleura es una membrana delgada que recubre el exterior de los pulmones y reviste el interior de la cavidad torácica. Entre las membranas de la pleura existe un pequeño espacio que, normalmente, está lleno de una pequeña cantidad de líquido. Éste líquido ayuda a las dos membranas de la pleura a deslizarse suavemente una contra otra cuando los pulmones inhalan y exhalan. </p> <p> Los problemas de la pleura incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Pleuresía: inflamación de la pleura que causa un dolor agudo al respirar</li> <li>Derrame pleural: exceso de líquido en la pleura</li> <li>Neumotórax: acumulación de aire o gases en la pleura</li> <li>Hemotórax: acumulación de sangre en la pleura</li> </ul> <p> Los problemas pleurales pueden ser causados por diversas afecciones. Las infecciones virales son una de las causas más comunes. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartfailure.html">insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva</a> es la causa más común del derrame pleural. Las enfermedades de los pulmones como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">enfermedad de obstrucción pulmonar crónica</a> (EPOC), tuberculosis y una lesión pulmonar aguda, causan neumotórax. La causa más común del hemotórax es una lesión en el pecho. El tratamiento se centra en la eliminación de líquido, aire, sangre del espacio pleural, aliviar los síntomas y el tratamiento de la afección subyacente. </p> <p class=""> NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Pulmón y vías respiratorias Pleural Disorders Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Enfermedades de los pulmones Problemas respiratorios Pleura, Trastornos Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Psicosis <p>Los trastornos psicóticos son trastornos mentales graves que causan ideas y percepciones anormales. Las personas con psicosis pierden el contacto con la realidad. Dos de los síntomas principales son delirios y alucinaciones. Los delirios son falsas creencias, tales como la idea de que alguien está en su contra o que la televisión les envía mensajes secretos. Las alucinaciones son percepciones falsas, como escuchar, ver o sentir algo que no existe. </p> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/schizophrenia.html">esquizofrenia</a> es un tipo de trastorno psicótico. Quienes sufren de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bipolardisorder.html">trastorno bipolar</a> también pueden tener síntomas psicóticos. Otros problemas que pueden causar psicosis son: el alcohol y ciertos medicamentos, tumores cerebrales, infecciones del cerebro y un ataque cerebrovascular (ACV). </p> <p>El tratamiento depende de la causa de la psicosis. Puede incluir fármacos para el control de los síntomas y psicoterapia. La hospitalización es una opción para los casos serios en los que una persona puede ser peligrosa para sí misma o para los demás. </p> Salud mental y conducta Psychotic Disorders Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental Esquizofrenia Trastornos mentales Personas mayores Spanish/Español Asociación de Alzheimer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Tratamiento para el abuso y adicción de opioides Tratamiento para el abuso y adicción de opiáceos <h3>¿Qué son los opioides?</h3> <p>Los opioides, a veces llamados narcóticos u opiáceos, son un tipo de droga. Incluyen fuertes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> recetados como oxicodona, hidrocodona, fentanilo y tramadol. La droga ilegal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html">heroína</a> también es un opioide. </p> <p>Un profesional de la salud puede recetar un opioide para reducir el dolor después de haber tenido una lesión seria o una cirugía. Puede obtenerlos si tiene un dolor intenso debido a problemas de salud como el cáncer. Algunos proveedores los recetan para el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">dolor crónico</a>.</p> <p>En general, los opioides recetados que se usan para aliviar el dolor son seguros cuando se toman por un período breve y siguiendo las instrucciones de su profesional de la salud. Sin embargo, el <topic id="6432" linktext="trastorno por consumo de opioides sigue siendo un posible riesgo">.</topic></p> <h3>¿Qué es el trastorno por consumo de opioides?</h3> <p>El trastorno por consumo de opioides significa que usted tiene un patrón problemático de consumo de opioides. Este patrón causa mucha angustia y discapacidad (es decir, causa problemas e interfiere con su vida diaria). En vez de trastorno por consumo de opioides, a veces las personas lo llaman "dependencia de opioides" y "adicción a opioides". La dependencia significa tener síntomas de abstinencia cuando no se está consumiendo la droga. La adicción es una enfermedad cerebral crónica que hace que una persona busque drogas compulsivamente, aunque causen daño.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno por consumo de opioides?</h3> <p>Los tratamientos para trastorno por consumo de opioides incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Medicamentos: Este tipo de tratamiento se conoce como medicamentos para el trastorno por consumo de opioides</li> <li>Consejería y terapias conductuales</li> <li>Tratamiento residencial y hospitalario</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué medicamentos tratan el trastorno por consumo de opioides?</h3> <p>Los medicamentos utilizados en el tratamiento para trastorno por consumo de opioides son:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Metadona, buprenorfina y lofexidina</strong>: Pueden disminuir los síntomas de abstinencia y los deseos de consumir droga. Funcionan actuando sobre uno u otro de los receptores de opioides del cerebro. Pero estos medicamentos son diferentes porque no le hacen sentir drogado. A algunas personas les preocupa que, si toman metadona o buprenorfina, significa que están sustituyendo una adicción por otra. Pero no es así. Estos medicamentos son un tratamiento. Restauran el equilibrio de las partes del cerebro afectadas por la adicción. Esto permite que su cerebro sane mientras trabaja para recuperarse. Puede tomar estos medicamentos de manera segura durante meses, años o incluso toda la vida. Si desea dejar de tomarlos, no lo haga por su cuenta. Primero debe hablar con su profesional de la salud y juntos elaborar un plan para tratar la adicción</li> <li><strong>Naltrexona</strong>: Funciona de manera diferente a la metadona y la buprenorfina. No ayuda con los síntomas de abstinencia o los antojos. En cambio, elimina el efecto agradable que causa consumir opioides. Esto significa que se toma naltrexona para prevenir una recaída, pero no como tratamiento para dejar los opioides. Debe dejar los opioides durante al menos 7 a 10 días antes de poder tomar naltrexona. De lo contrario, podría tener síntomas de abstinencia graves</li> <li>Un <strong>medicamento combinado</strong> que incluye buprenorfina y naloxona: La naloxona es un medicamento para tratar una sobredosis de opioides. Si lo toma junto con buprenorfina, será menos probable que haga un mal uso de la buprenorfina</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo ayuda la consejería a tratar el trastorno por consumo de opioides?</h3> <p>La consejería para trastorno por consumo de opioides puede ayudar a:</p> <ul> <li>Cambiar su actitud y comportamiento relacionado con el consumo de drogas</li> <li>Desarrollar habilidades para una vida sana</li> <li>Continuar con otras formas de tratamiento, como medicamentos</li> </ul> <p>Hay diferentes tipos de consejería para el tratamiento por consumo de opioides, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Consejería individual</strong>: Puede incluir establecer metas, hablar sobre retrocesos y celebrar avances. También puede incluir tratar inquietudes legales y problemas familiares. La consejería a menudo incluye terapias conductuales específicas, como:</li> <ul> <li><strong>Terapia cognitiva-conductual</strong>: Ayuda a reconocer y eliminar patrones negativos de pensamiento y comportamiento. Enseña capacidades para lidiar con problemas, incluyendo cómo controlar el estrés y cambiar los pensamientos que hacen que usted desee usar en forma indebida los opioides</li> <li><strong>Terapia de estímulo de la motivación</strong>: Ayuda a aumentar la motivación para cumplir con su plan de tratamiento</li> <li><strong>Manejo de contingencias</strong>: Se enfoca en entregar incentivos para una buena conducta con el fin de mantenerle alejado de los opioides </li> </ul> <li><strong>Consejería grupal</strong>: Puede ayudarle a sentir que no está solo con sus problemas. Entrega la oportunidad de escuchar sobre las dificultades y los éxitos de otros que tienen los mismos desafíos. Esto puede ayudarle a aprender nuevas formas de lidiar con las situaciones que enfrenta</li> <li><strong>Asesoramiento familiar</strong>: Incluye parejas o cónyuges y otros familiares que están cerca de usted. Puede ayudar a reparar y mejorar sus relaciones familiares</li> </ul> <p>Los consejeros también pueden referirlo a otros recursos que pueda necesitar, como:</p> <ul> <li>Grupos de apoyo entre pares, incluyendo programas de 12 pasos como Narcóticos Anónimos</li> <li>Grupos espirituales y basados en la fe</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vih/">Pruebas de VIH</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-hepatitis/">detección de hepatitis</a></li> <li>Manejos de casos o cuidados de salud</li> <li>Apoyo laboral o educacional</li> <li>Organizaciones que ayudan a encontrar alojamiento o transporte</li> <li>Organizaciones que lo ayudan a encontrar vivienda o transporte</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos residenciales y hospitalarios para el trastorno por consumo de opioides?</h3> <p>Los programas residenciales combinan servicios de vivienda y tratamiento. Usted vive con sus compañeros de casa y pueden apoyarse mutuamente para seguir con su rehabilitación. Los programas hospitalarios para pacientes internados combinan servicios de atención médica y tratamiento de trastorno por consumo de opioides para personas con problemas médicos. Los hospitales también pueden brindar tratamiento ambulatorio intensivo. Todos estos tipos de tratamientos son muy estructurados, y en general incluyen varios tipos diferentes de consejería y terapias conductuales. También suelen incluir medicamentos para el tratamiento de trastorno por consumo de opioides.</p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Treatment Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Opioides y trastorno por consumo de opioides Sobredosis de opioides Uso indebido de medicamentos recetados Opioides, Tratamiento para abuso Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Más información Spanish/Español Comisión Federal de Comercio Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Tratamiento del alcoholismo Tratamiento para el abuso de alcohol <h3>¿Qué es un trastorno por consumo de alcohol?</h3> <p>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">trastorno por consumo de alcohol</a> consiste en la angustia y el daño que causa beber alcohol. Es una afección médica en la que usted:</p><ul> <li>Bebe alcohol en forma compulsiva</li> <li>No puede controlar cuánto bebe</li> <li>Se siente ansioso, irritable y/o estresado cuando no está bebiendo</li> </ul> <p>Estos trastornos pueden variar de leves a graves, según sus síntomas. En ocasiones, el trastorno por consumo de alcohol severo se llama alcoholismo o dependencia del alcohol.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el trastorno para el consumo de alcohol?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas con trastorno por consumo de alcohol pueden encontrar ayuda con alguna forma de tratamiento. Estos incluyen medicamentos y terapias conductuales. Muchas personas obtienen un mejor resultado recibiendo ambos tratamientos. Las personas que reciben tratamiento por trastorno por consumo de alcohol también pueden beneficiarse al asistir a un grupo de apoyo como Alcohólicos Anónimos (AA). Si usted tiene el trastorno y una enfermedad mental, es importante conseguir tratamiento para ambos.</p> <p>Algunas personas pueden necesitar un tratamiento intensivo para este trastorno. Por ejemplo, pueden internarse en un centro de tratamiento de rehabilitación residencial, donde el tratamiento es altamente estructurado. En general, incluye varios tipos diferentes de terapias conductuales. También puede incluir medicamentos para la desintoxicación (un tratamiento médico para la abstinencia de alcohol) y/o para tratar el trastorno por consumo de alcohol.</p> <h3>¿Qué medicamentos pueden tratar el trastorno por consumo de alcohol?</h3> <p>Tres medicamentos están aprobados para tratar el trastorno por consumo de alcohol:</p><ul> <li><strong>Disulfiram:</strong> Causa síntomas desagradables como náuseas y enrojecimiento de la piel cada vez que bebe alcohol. Saber que beber causará estos efectos desagradables puede ayudar a mantenerlo alejado del alcohol</li> <li><strong>Naltrexona:</strong> Bloquea los receptores en el cerebro que le hacen sentir bien cuando bebe alcohol. También puede reducir sus ansias por beber. Esto puede ayudarle a reducir su consumo de alcohol</li> <li><strong>Acamprosato:</strong> Ayuda a evitar el alcohol después de haber dejado de beber. Funciona en múltiples sistemas cerebrales para reducir sus ansias, especialmente justo después de haber dejado de beber</li> </ul> <p>Su médico le puede ayudar a determinar si uno de estos medicamentos es adecuado para usted. No son adictivos, por lo que no tiene que preocuparse por reemplazar una adicción por otra. Si bien no son una cura, pueden ayudarle a manejar el trastorno por consumo de alcohol. Es similar a tomar medicamentos para manejar una enfermedad crónica, como el asma o la diabetes.</p> <h3>¿Qué terapias conductuales pueden tratar el trastorno por consumo de alcohol?</h3> <p>Otro nombre para las terapias conductuales es asesoramiento o consejería sobre el alcohol. Se trata de trabajar con un profesional de la salud para identificar y ayudar a cambiar los comportamientos que conducen a su consumo excesivo de alcohol.:</p><ul> <li>La <strong>terapia cognitivo-conductual</strong> ayuda a identificar los sentimientos y situaciones que pueden conducir a un consumo excesivo de alcohol. Enseña habilidades para enfrentarlo, incluyendo cómo manejar el estrés y cómo cambiar los pensamientos que le llevan a querer beber. Usted puede recibir la terapia uno-a-uno con un terapeuta o en grupos pequeños</li> <li>La <strong>terapia de mejora motivacional</strong> (o terapia de estímulo de la motivación) ayuda a construir y fortalecer la motivación para cambiar su hábito de beber. Incluye alrededor de cuatro sesiones en un corto período de tiempo. La terapia comienza con la identificación de los pros y los contras de buscar tratamiento. Luego, usted y su terapeuta trabajan en la creación de un plan para cambiar su hábito. Las próximas sesiones se centran en aumentar su confianza y desarrollar las habilidades que necesita para poder cumplir con el plan</li> <li>La <strong>consejería matrimonial y familiar</strong> incluye a los cónyuges y otros miembros de la familia. Puede ayudar a reparar y mejorar sus relaciones familiares. Los estudios demuestran que un apoyo familiar fuerte a través de esta terapia puede ayudarle a mantenerse lejos del alcohol</li> <li>Las <strong>intervenciones breves</strong> son sesiones de consejería cortas, individuales o en grupos pequeños. Incluyen entre una a cuatro sesiones. El consejero le entrega información sobre su patrón de consumo y riesgos potenciales. El consejero trabaja con usted para establecer metas y proporcionar ideas que pueden ayudarle a hacer un cambio</li> </ul> <h3>¿Es efectivo el tratamiento para el trastorno por uso de alcohol?</h3> <p>Para la mayoría de las personas, el tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de alcohol es útil. Pero superarlo es un proceso continuo y usted puede tener una recaída, como se le llama a empezar a beber de nuevo. Usted debe mirar la recaída como un retroceso temporal y seguir trabajando en su proceso de rehabilitación. Muchas personas tratan repetidamente de reducir o dejar de beber, tienen un revés, y luego tratar de dejar el alcohol de nuevo. Tener una recaída no significa que no pueda recuperarse. Si la tiene, es importante volver al tratamiento de inmediato, para que pueda aprender qué la desencadenó y mejorar sus habilidades de superación. Esto puede ayudarle a tener más éxito la próxima vez.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo</p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Treatment Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso del Alcohol y Alcoholismo Alcohol, Tratamiento para el trastorno por consumo de Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Farmacéuticos del Sistema de Salud Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Farmacéuticos del Sistema de Salud Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Farmacéuticos del Sistema de Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y Alcoholismo NIH Acquired brain injury TBI <h3>What is traumatic brain injury (TBI)?</h3> <p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a sudden injury that causes damage to the brain. It may happen when there is a blow, bump, or jolt to the head. This is a closed head injury. A TBI can also happen when an object penetrates the skull. This is a penetrating injury.</p> <p>Symptoms of a TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/concussion.html">Concussions</a> are a type of mild TBI. The effects of a concussion can sometimes be serious, but most people completely recover in time. More severe TBI can lead to serious physical and psychological symptoms, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html">coma</a>, and even death.</p> <h3>What causes traumatic brain injury (TBI)?</h3> <p>The main causes of TBI depend on the type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html">head injury</a>:</p><ul> <li>Some of the common causes of a closed head injury include <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">Falls</a>. This is the most common cause in adults age 65 and older.</li> <li>Motor vehicle crashes. This is the most common cause in young adults.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">Sports injuries</a></li> <li>Being struck by an object</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childabuse.html">Child abuse</a>. This is the most common cause in children under age 4.</li> <li>Blast injuries due to explosions</li> </ul> </li> <li>Some of the common causes of a penetrating injury include <ul> <li>Being hit by a bullet or shrapnel</li> <li>Being hit by a weapon such as a hammer, knife, or baseball bat</li> <li>A head injury that causes a bone fragment to penetrate the skull</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Some accidents such as explosions, natural disasters, or other extreme events can cause both closed and penetrating TBI in the same person.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI)?</h3> <p>Certain groups are at higher risk of TBI:</p><ul> <li>Men are more likely to get a TBI than women. They are also more likely to have serious TBI.</li> <li>Adults aged 65 and older are at the greatest risk for being hospitalized and dying from a TBI</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI)?</h3> <p>The symptoms of TBI depend on the type of injury and how serious the brain damage is.</p> <p>The symptoms of <strong>mild TBI</strong> can include:</p><ul> <li>A brief loss of consciousness in some cases. However, many people with mild TBI remain conscious after the injury.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> <li>Confusion</li> <li>Lightheadedness</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a></li> <li>Blurred vision or tired eyes</li> <li>Ringing in the ears</li> <li>Bad taste in the mouth</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">Fatigue</a> or lethargy</li> <li>A change in sleep patterns</li> <li>Behavioral or mood changes</li> <li>Trouble with memory, concentration, attention, or thinking</li> </ul> <p>If you have a moderate or severe TBI, you may have those same symptoms. You may also have other symptoms such as:</p><ul> <li>A headache that gets worse or does not go away</li> <li>Repeated <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">vomiting or nausea</a></li> <li>Convulsions or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/seizures.html">seizures</a></li> <li>Not being able to wake up from sleep</li> <li>Larger than normal pupil (dark center) of one or both eyes. This is called dilation of the pupil.</li> <li>Slurred speech</li> <li>Weakness or numbness in the arms and legs</li> <li>Loss of coordination</li> <li>Increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation</li> </ul> <h3>How is traumatic brain injury (TBI) diagnosed?</h3> <p>If you have a head injury or other trauma that may have caused a TBI, you need to get medical care as soon as possible. To make a diagnosis, your health care provider:</p><ul> <li>Will ask about your symptoms and the details of your injury</li> <li>Will do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/">neurologic exam</a></li> <li>May do <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>, such as a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ctscans.html">CT scan</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html">MRI</a></li> <li>May use a tool such as the Glasgow coma scale to determine how severe the TBI is. This scale measures your ability to open your eyes, speak, and move.</li> <li>May do neuropsychological tests to check how your brain is functioning</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for traumatic brain injury (TBI)?</h3> <p>The treatments for TBI depend on many factors, including the size, severity, and location of the brain injury.</p> <p><strong>For mild TBI</strong>, the main treatment is rest. If you have a headache, you can try taking over-the-counter <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain relievers</a>. It is important to follow your health care provider's instructions for complete rest and a gradual return to your normal activities. If you start doing too much too soon, it may take longer to recover. Contact your provider if your symptoms are not getting better or if you have new symptoms.</p> <p><strong>For moderate to severe TBI</strong>, the first thing health care providers will do is stabilize you to prevent further injury. They will manage your blood pressure, check the pressure inside your skull, and make sure that there is enough blood and oxygen getting to your brain.</p> <p>Once you are stable, the treatments may include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Surgery</strong> to reduce additional damage to your brain, for example to <ul> <li>Remove hematomas (clotted blood)</li> <li>Get rid of damaged or dead brain tissue</li> <li>Repair skull fractures</li> <li>Relieve pressure in the skull</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medicines</strong> to treat the symptoms of TBI and to lower some of the risks associated with it, such as <ul> <li>Anti-anxiety medication to lessen feelings of nervousness and fear</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">Anticoagulants</a> to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">blood clots</a></li> <li>Anticonvulsants to prevent seizures</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">Antidepressants</a> to treat symptoms of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> and mood instability</li> <li>Muscle relaxants to reduce muscle spasms</li> <li>Stimulants to increase alertness and attention</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rehabilitation.html">Rehabilitation therapies</a></strong>, which can include therapies for physical, emotional, and cognitive difficulties: <ul> <li>Physical therapy, to build physical strength, coordination, and flexibility</li> <li>Occupational therapy, to help you learn or relearn how to perform daily tasks, such as getting dressed, cooking, and bathing</li> <li>Speech therapy, to help you to with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">speech and other communication</a> skills and treat <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/swallowingdisorders.html">swallowing disorders</a></li> <li>Psychological counseling, to help you learn coping skills, work on relationships, and improve your emotional well-being</li> <li>Vocational counseling, which focuses on your ability to return to work and deal with workplace challenges</li> <li>Cognitive therapy, to improve your memory, attention, perception, learning, planning, and judgment</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Some people with TBI may have permanent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">disabilities</a>. A TBI can also put you at risk for other health problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a>, depression, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">post-traumatic stress disorder</a>. Treating these problems can improve your quality of life.</p> <h3>Can traumatic brain injury (TBI) be prevented?</h3> <p>There are steps you can take to prevent head injuries and TBIs:</p><ul> <li>Always wear your seatbelt and use car seats and booster seats for children</li> <li>Never drive <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/impaireddriving.html">under the influence of drugs or alcohol</a></li> <li>Wear a properly fitting helmet when riding a bicycle, skateboarding, and playing sports like hockey and football</li> <li>Prevent falls by <ul> <li>Making your house safer. For example, you can install railings on the stairs and grab bars in the tub, get rid of tripping hazards, and use window guards and stair safety gates for young children.</li> <li>Improving your balance and strength with regular physical activity</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Brain and Nerves Injuries and Wounds Lesión cerebral traumática Brain Injuries, Traumatic Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Coma Concussion Head Injuries TBI Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Videos and Tutorials Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Video Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Reference Desk National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Defense Health Agency Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <p>Su médula espinal es un conjunto de nervios que se extiende por el centro de su espalda. Transmite señales desde y hacia su cuerpo y su cerebro. Un traumatismo de la médula espinal interrumpe estas señales. En general, las lesiones de la médula espinal comienzan con un golpe que <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fractures.html">fractura</a> (rompe) o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dislocations.html">disloca </a> las vértebras, los discos óseos que forman la columna vertebral. La mayoría de las lesiones no cortan la médula espinal. En cambio, causan daño cuando partes de vértebras rompen el tejido medular o presionan las partes nerviosas que transmiten las señales.</p> <p>Las lesiones de la médula espinal pueden ser completas o incompletas. En una lesión completa de médula espinal, la médula no puede transmitir mensajes por debajo del nivel de la lesión. Como consecuencia, el paciente queda <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/paralysis.html">paralizado</a> por debajo del nivel del traumatismo. En un traumatismo incompleto, se conservan ciertos movimientos y sensaciones por debajo de la lesión. </p> <p>Una lesión de la médula espinal es una emergencia médica. El tratamiento inmediato puede reducir los efectos a largo plazo. Los tratamientos pueden incluir medicamentos, aparatos ortopédicos o tracción para estabilizar la columna vertebral; y cirugía. En general, el tratamiento posterior incluye medicamentos y terapia de rehabilitación. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mobilityaids.html">ayudas para la movilidad </a> y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistivedevices.html">dispositivos de asistencia</a> pueden ayudarle a moverse y realizar algunas tareas diarias.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares </p> Cerebro y nervios Lesiones y heridas Spinal Cord Injuries Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares Parálisis Médula espinal, Traumatismo Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Enciclopedia Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>Traveling can increase your chances of getting sick. A long flight can increase your risk for deep vein thrombosis. Once you arrive, it takes time to adjust to the water, food, and air in another place. Water in developing countries can contain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viruses</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacteria</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parasiticdiseases.html">parasites</a> that cause stomach upset and diarrhea. Be safe by using only bottled or purified water for drinking, making ice cubes, and brushing your teeth. If you use tap water, boil it or use iodine tablets. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">Food poisoning</a> can also be a risk. Eat only food that is fully cooked and served hot. Avoid unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables.</p> <p>If you are traveling out of the country, you might also need vaccinations or medicines to prevent specific illnesses. Which ones you need will depend on what part of the world you're visiting, the time of year, your age, overall health status, and previous vaccinations. See your doctor 4 to 6 weeks before your trip. Most vaccines take time to become effective. </p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Wellness and Lifestyle Salud del viajero Air Travel Travel Amharic Arabic Bengali Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Farsi French Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Khmer Korean Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Tagalog Tigrinya Turkish Vietnamese Barotrauma COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Gastroenteritis Malaria Motion Sickness Parasitic Diseases Vaccines Zika Virus Jet Lag Tropical Medicine Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Journal Articles Start Here Nemours Foundation Women American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Older Adults Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <h3>What is a tremor?</h3> <p>A tremor is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">neurological condition</a> that includes shaking or trembling movements in one or more parts of your body. It most often affects the hands. But it can also affect the arms, legs, head, vocal cords, and torso (trunk). A tremor is involuntary, meaning that you cannot control it. It happens because of muscle contractions.</p> <p>A tremor may come and go, or it may be constant. It can happen on its own or be caused by another disorder. It is not life threatening, but it may cause challenges. It can make it hard to do daily life tasks such as writing, typing, eating, and dressing. In some cases, a tremor can even lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">disabilities</a>.</p> <h3>What are the types of tremor?</h3> <p>There are several types of tremor, including:</p><ul> <li><strong>Essential tremor</strong>, sometimes called benign essential tremor or familial tremor. This is the most common type. It usually affects both your hands and arms while you are moving them. It can also affect your head, voice, or legs. </li> <li><strong>Parkinsonian tremor</strong>, which is a common symptom in people who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson's disease</a>. It usually affects one or both hands when they are at rest, but it can affect the chin, lips, face, and legs.</li> <li><strong>Dystonic tremor</strong>, which happens in people who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dystonia.html">dystonia</a>. Dystonia is a movement disorder in which you have involuntary muscle contractions. The contractions cause you to have twisting and repetitive movements. It can affect any muscle in the body.</li> </ul> <h3>What causes tremor?</h3> <p>Generally, tremor is caused by a problem in the deep parts of the brain that control movements. For most types, the cause is unknown. Some types are inherited and run in families. There can also be other causes, such as:</p><ul> <li>Neurologic disorders, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html">multiple sclerosis</a>, Parkinson's disease, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">traumatic brain injury</a></li> <li>Certain medicines, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/asthma.html">asthma</a> medicines, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">corticosteroids</a>, and medicines used for certain psychiatric and neurological disorders</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">Alcohol use disorder</a> (AUD) or alcohol withdrawal</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/poisoning.html">Poisoning</a> from certain toxic substances, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pesticides.html">pesticides</a> and heavy metals such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mercury.html">mercury</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leadpoisoning.html">lead</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hyperthyroidism.html">Hyperthyroidism</a> (overactive thyroid)</li> <li>Liver or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html">kidney</a> failure</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">Anxiety</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/panicdisorder.html">panic</a></li> <li>Too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">caffeine</a></li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for tremor?</h3> <p>Anyone can get tremor, but it is most common in middle-aged and older adults. For certain types of tremor, having a family history raises your risk of getting it.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of tremor?</h3> <p>Symptoms of tremor may include:</p><ul> <li>Rhythmic shaking in the hands, arms, head, legs, or torso</li> <li>Shaky voice</li> <li>Difficulty writing or drawing</li> <li>Problems holding and controlling utensils, such as a spoon</li> </ul> <h3>How is tremor diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms </li> <li>A physical exam, which includes checking: <ul> <li>Whether the tremor happens when the muscles are at rest or in action</li> <li>The location of the tremor</li> <li>How often you have the tremor and how strong it is</li> </ul> </li> <li>A neurological exam, including checking for: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html">Problems with balance</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">Problems with speech</a></li> <li>Increased muscle stiffness</li> </ul> </li> <li>Blood or urine tests to look for the cause</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Imaging tests</a> to help figure out if the cause is damage to your brain</li> <li>Tests that check your abilities to do daily tasks such as handwriting and holding a fork or cup</li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/">electromyogram</a>, a test that measures involuntary muscle activity and how your muscles respond to nerve stimulation</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for tremor?</h3> <p>There is no cure for most forms of tremor, but there are treatments to help manage symptoms. In some cases, the symptoms may be so mild that you do not need treatment.</p> <p>Finding the right treatment depends on getting the right diagnosis of the cause. Tremor caused by another medical condition may get better or go away when you treat that condition. If your tremor is caused by a certain medicine, stopping that medicine usually makes the tremor go away.</p> <p>Treatments for tremor can include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Medicines.</strong> There are different medicines for the specific types of tremor. Another option is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/botox.html">Botox injections</a>, which can treat several different types of tremor.</li> <li><strong>Surgery</strong> may be used for severe cases that do not get better with medicines. The most common type is deep brain stimulation (DBS). DBS uses electrodes that are implanted in the brain. The electrodes send electrical pulses to the parts of the brain that are causing the tremor.</li> <li><strong>Physical, speech-language, and occupational therapy</strong>, which may help to control tremor and deal with the daily challenges caused by the tremor.</li> </ul> <p>If you find that caffeine and other stimulants trigger your tremors, it may be helpful to cut them from your diet.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Older Adults Brain and Nerves Temblor Tremor Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Movement Disorders Parkinson's Disease Essential Tremor Children International Essential Tremor Foundation PDF Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With International Essential Tremor Foundation PDF Treatments and Therapies International Essential Tremor Foundation Videos and Tutorials International Essential Tremor Foundation Video Related Issues International Essential Tremor Foundation PDF Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Neurology PDF Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Trich <p>Trichomoniasis is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infection</a> (STI) caused by a parasite. It spreads from person to person during sex. Many people do not have any symptoms. If you do get symptoms, they usually happen within 5 to 28 days after being infected.</p> <p>It can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html">vaginitis</a> in women. Symptoms include:</p><ul> <li>Yellow-green or gray discharge from the vagina</li> <li>Discomfort during sex</li> <li>Vaginal odor</li> <li>Painful urination</li> <li>Itching burning, and soreness of the vagina and vulva</li> </ul> <p>Most men do not have symptoms. If they do, they may have:</p><ul> <li>Itching or irritation inside the penis</li> <li>Burning after urination or ejaculation</li> <li>Discharge from the penis</li> </ul> <p>Trichomoniasis can increase the risk of getting or spreading other sexually transmitted infections. Pregnant women with trichomoniasis are more likely to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html">give birth too early</a>, and their babies are more likely have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">low birth weight</a>.</p> <p>Lab tests can tell if you have the infection. Treatment is with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>. If you are infected, you and your partner must be treated.</p> <p>Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading trichomoniasis. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms. The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have anal, vaginal, or oral sex.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Sexual Health Issues Female Reproductive System Tricomoniasis Trichomonas Vaginitis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Sexually Transmitted Infections Vaginal Diseases Vaginitis Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>La tricomoniasis es una <a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144">infección de transmisión sexual (ITS)</a> causada por un parásito. Se contagia de persona a persona a través de relaciones sexuales. Muchas personas no muestran síntomas. Si presenta síntomas, aparecen entre 5 y 28 días después de la infección. </p> <p>Puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginitis.html">vaginitis</a> en las mujeres. Los síntomas incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Secreción vaginal verdosa o amarillenta</li> <li>Molestia durante las relaciones sexuales</li> <li>Olor vaginal</li> <li>Dolor al orinar</li> <li>Comezón, ardor y dolor en la vagina y la vulva</li> </ul> <p>La mayoría de los hombres no presenta síntomas. Si los tienen, pueden presentar:</p> <ul> <li>Comezón o irritación dentro del pene</li> <li>Ardor después de orinar o eyacular</li> <li>Secreción del pene</li> </ul> <p>La tricomoniasis puede aumentar el riesgo de contraer o propagar otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS). Las mujeres embarazadas con tricomoniasis tienen más probabilidades de dar a luz en forma <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html">prematura</a>, y es más probable que sus bebés tengan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthweight.html">bajo peso</a> al nacer. </p> <p>Las pruebas de laboratorio pueden indicar si usted tiene la infección. Se trata con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>. Si está infectado, usted y su pareja deben someterse a tratamiento.</p> <p>El uso correcto de preservativos de látex reduce enormemente, aunque no elimina, el riesgo de contraer y contagiar la tricomoniasis. Si usted o su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al látex</a>, puede usar condones de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor femenino Trichomoniasis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades TN Tic douloureux <p>Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a type of chronic <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pain.html">pain</a> that affects your face. It causes extreme, sudden burning or shock-like pain. It usually affects one side of the face. Any vibration on your face, even from talking, can set it off. The condition may come and go, disappearing for days or even months. But the longer you have it, the less often it goes away.</p> <p>TN usually affects people over 50, especially women. The cause is probably a blood vessel pressing on the trigeminal nerve, one of the largest nerves in the head. Tumors and multiple sclerosis can also cause TN, but in some cases the cause is unknown.</p> <p>There is no specific test for TN. It can be hard to diagnose, since many other conditions can cause facial pain. Treatment options include medicines, surgery, and complementary techniques.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Neuralgia del trigémino Trigeminal Neuralgia Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Tic Douleureux Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia <h3>¿Qué son los triglicéridos?</h3> <p>Los triglicéridos son un tipo de grasa. Son el tipo más común de grasa en su cuerpo. Provienen de alimentos, especialmente mantequilla, aceites y otras grasas que usted come. Los triglicéridos también provienen de calorías adicionales. Estas son las calorías que usted come pero que su cuerpo no necesita de inmediato.</p> <p>Su cuerpo cambia estas calorías adicionales en triglicéridos, y los almacena en las células de grasa. Cuando su cuerpo necesita energía, libera los triglicéridos. Sus partículas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vldlcholesterol.html">lipoproteína de muy baja densidad</a> llevan los triglicéridos a sus tejidos.</p> <p>Tener un alto nivel de triglicéridos puede aumentar el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">enfermedades del corazón</a>, como la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coronaryarterydisease.html">enfermedad de las arterias coronarias</a>.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa triglicéridos altos?</h3> <p>Los factores que pueden subir su nivel de triglicéridos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Comer regularmente más calorías de las que quema, especialmente si consume mucha azúcar</li> <li>Tener sobrepeso u <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a></li> <li>Fumar cigarrillos</li> <li>Uso excesivo de alcohol</li> <li>Ciertos medicamentos</li> <li>Algunos trastornos genéticos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/thyroiddiseases.html">Enfermedades de la tiroides</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetestype2.html">Diabetes tipo 2</a> mal controlada</li> <li>Enfermedades del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/liverdiseases.html">hígado</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">renales</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican los triglicéridos altos?</h3> <p>Existe una prueba de sangre que mide sus triglicéridos, junto a su colesterol. Los niveles de triglicéridos se miden en miligramos por decilitro (mg/dL). Las pautas para los niveles de triglicéridos son:</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Categories of cholesterol" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Categoría</th> <th scope="col">Nivel de triglicéridos</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Normal</td> <td>Menos de 150mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Límite alto</td> <td>150 a 199 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r3"> <td>Alto</td> <td>200 a 499 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r4"> <td>Muy alto</td> <td>500 mg/dL y más</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p>Niveles superiores a 150 mg/dL pueden aumentar su riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca. Un nivel de triglicérido de 150 mg/dL o más es también un factor de riesgo para el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/metabolicsyndrome.html">síndrome metabólico</a>.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es el tratamiento para los triglicéridos altos?</h3> <p>Es posible que pueda reducir sus niveles de triglicéridos con cambios en el estilo de vida:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">Controlando su peso</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Actividad física regular</a></li> <li>No fumar</li> <li>Limitar el azúcar y los alimentos refinados</li> <li>Limitar el alcohol</li> <li> Cambiar de grasas saturadas a grasas más saludables</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas también necesitan tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cholesterolmedicines.html">medicamentos contra el colesterol</a> para disminuir sus triglicéridos.</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Alimentos y nutrición Triglycerides Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <h3>What are triglycerides?</h3> <p>Triglycerides are a type of fat. They are the most common type of fat in your body. They come from foods, especially butter, oils, and other fats you eat. Triglycerides also come from extra calories. These are the calories that you eat, but your body does not need right away. Your body changes these extra calories into triglycerides and stores them in fat cells. When your body needs energy, it releases the triglycerides. Your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vldlcholesterol.html">VLDL cholesterol</a> particles carry the triglycerides to your tissues.</p> <p>Having a high level of triglycerides can raise your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart diseases</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a>.</p> <h3>What causes high triglycerides?</h3> <p>Factors that can raise your triglyceride level include:</p><ul> <li>Regularly eating more calories than you burn off, especially if you eat a lot of sugar</li> <li>Being overweight or having <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a></li> <li>Cigarette smoking</li> <li>Excessive alcohol use</li> <li>Certain medicines</li> <li>Some genetic disorders</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">Thyroid diseases</a></li> <li>Poorly controlled <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">Liver</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney</a> diseases</li> </ul> <h3>How are high triglycerides diagnosed?</h3> <p>There is a blood test that measures your triglycerides, along with your cholesterol. Triglyceride levels are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). The guidelines for triglyceride levels are</p> <table class="info-table-1" summary="Categories of cholesterol" width="90%" border="0"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Category</th> <th scope="col">Triglyceride Level</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="r1"> <td>Normal</td> <td>Less than 150mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r2"> <td>Borderline high</td> <td>150 to 199 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r3"> <td>High</td> <td>200 to 499 mg/dL</td> </tr> <tr class="r4"> <td>Very high</td> <td>500 mg/dL and above</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br/> <p>Levels above 150mg/dl may raise your risk for heart disease. A triglyceride level of 150 mg/dL or higher is also a risk factor for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html">metabolic syndrome</a>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for high triglycerides?</h3> <p>You may be able to lower your triglyceride levels with lifestyle changes:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Controlling your weight</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Regular physical activity</a></li> <li>Not smoking</li> <li>Limiting sugar and refined foods</li> <li>Limiting alcohol</li> <li>Switching from saturated fats to healthier fats</li> </ul> <p>Some people will also need to take <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">cholesterol medicines</a> to lower their triglycerides.</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Food and Nutrition Triglicéridos Hypertriglyceridemia Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cholesterol Dietary Fats VLDL Cholesterol Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia Familial Hypertriglyceridemia Hyperlipidemia Hypertriglyceridemia Find an Expert American Heart Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Heart Association Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Related Issues American Heart Association Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Flebitis Flebotrombosis Tromboflebitis <p>La trombosis venosa profunda o TVP, es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodclots.html">coágulo sanguíneo</a> que se forma en una vena profunda en el cuerpo. Suele ocurrir en las piernas o los muslos. Si la vena se inflama, esta afección se llama tromboflebitis. Una trombosis venosa profunda, puede desprenderse y causar un problema serio en los pulmones conocido como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pulmonaryembolism.html">embolia pulmonar</a>, un infarto o un derrame.</p> <p>Permanecer sentado durante mucho tiempo puede aumentar sus probabilidades de tener una TVP. Algunas medicinas y trastornos que aumentan el riesgo de coágulos sanguíneos también pueden causarle una TVP. Los síntomas comunes son:</p> <ul> <li> Calor y dolor por encima de la vena </li> <li> Dolor o inflamación en la parte del cuerpo afectada </li> <li> Enrojecimiento de la piel</li> </ul> <p>El tratamiento incluye medicinas para aliviar el dolor y la inflamación, deshacer los coágulos e impedir la formación de coágulos nuevos. Mantener el área afectada elevada y aplicar calor húmedo puede ayudar. Si va a realizar un viaje largo en automóvil o avión, haga pausas para caminar o estirar las piernas e ingiera mucho líquido.</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Deep Vein Thrombosis Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Coágulos sanguíneos Embolia pulmonar Enfermedad arterial periférica Problemas circulatorios Flebitis Tromboflebitis Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Cirujanos Ortopédicos Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>A tsunami is a series of huge ocean waves created by an underwater disturbance. Causes include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earthquakes.html">earthquakes</a>, landslides, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/volcanoes.html">volcanic eruptions</a>, or meteorites--chunks of rock from space that strike the surface of Earth. A tsunami can move hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean. It can smash into land with waves as high as 100 feet or more and cause devastating <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html">floods</a>. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drowning.html">Drowning</a> is the most common cause of death related to a tsunami.</p> <p>Although there are no guarantees of safety during a tsunami, you can take actions to protect yourself. You should have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">disaster plan</a>. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html">ways to cope</a>.</p> <p class="">Federal Emergency Management Agency</p> Disasters Tsunamis Tsunamis Spanish Natural Disasters Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More Federal Emergency Management Agency Journal Articles Learn More American Red Cross Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Maremotos <p>Un tsunami es una serie de enormes olas oceánicas creadas por un disturbio submarino. Las causas incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earthquakes.html">terremotos</a>, deslizamientos de tierra, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/volcanoes.html">erupciones volcánicas</a> o meteoritos (pedazos de roca que provienen del espacio e impactan la superficie terrestre). Un tsunami puede desplazarse a cientos de millas por hora en el océano abierto. Puede alcanzar la tierra con olas de 100 pies de altura o más y provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html">inundaciones</a> devastadoras. El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drowning.html">ahogamiento</a> es la causa de muerte más común asociada a un tsunami.</p> <p>Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad durante un tsunami, usted puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">plan de acción para casos de desastres</a>. Estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si usted experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Es probable que necesite <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html">ayuda para superarlo</a>.</p> <p class="">Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</p> Desastres Tsunamis Enfrentarse con desastres Preparativos y recuperación ante un desastre Desastres naturales Maremoto Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos PDF Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional <p>Tubal ligation (getting your "tubes tied") is a type of surgery. It prevents a woman from getting pregnant. It is a permanent form of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth control</a>, and is effective right away.</p> <p>The surgery cuts, ties, or seals the fallopian tubes. This blocks the path between the ovaries and the uterus. The sperm cannot reach the egg to fertilize it, and the egg cannot reach the uterus. You get the surgery in a hospital or outpatient surgical center. It usually takes about 30 minutes. Almost all women go home the same day. They can return to most normal activities within a few days.</p> <p>Tubal ligation can sometimes be reversed. The reversal is major surgery, and does not always work.</p> Women Pregnancy and Reproduction Female Reproductive System Ligadura de trompas Sterilization, Tubal Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hindi Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Birth Control Vasectomy Female Sterilization Sterilization Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia TB <h3>What is tuberculosis (TB)?</h3> <p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacterial disease</a> that usually attacks the lungs. But it can also attack other parts of the body, including the kidneys, spine, and brain.</p> <p>Not everyone infected with TB bacteria (germs) becomes sick. So, there are two types of TB conditions:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Inactive (latent) TB infection</strong>, where the TB germs live in your body but don't make you sick.</li> <li><strong>TB disease (active TB)</strong> where you get sick from the TB germs. TB disease can almost always be cured with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>. But if it's not treated properly, it can be fatal.</li> </ul> <p>TB is found in the U.S., but it is more common in certain other countries.</p> <h3>What causes tuberculosis (TB)?</h3> <p>TB is caused by bacteria (germs) called <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>. The germs spread from person to person through the air. People who have TB disease in their throat or lungs spread the germs in the air when they cough, sneeze, talk, or sing. If you breathe in the air that has the germs, you can get TB.</p> <p>TB is not spread by touching, kissing, or sharing food or dishes.</p> <p>You're more likely to catch TB from people you live or work with than from people you see for shorter amounts of time.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to get infected with tuberculosis (TB) germs?</h3> <p>Anyone who is near a person with TB disease can get infected with the germs. You are more likely to be near someone with TB disease if you:</p> <ul> <li>Were born in or often travel to countries where TB disease is common</li> <li>Are a health care worker</li> <li>Work or live in a place where TB is more common, such as shelters for people without homes, jails, and nursing homes</li> </ul> <h3>Who is more likely to develop TB disease?</h3> <p>Certain people are more likely to get sick with TB disease after they get infected. They include people who:</p> <ul> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a></li> <li>Became infected with TB in the last 2 years</li> <li>Have other diseases, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, that make it hard for your body to fight TB germs</li> <li>Have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">alcohol use disorder</a> (AUD) or inject <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">illegal drugs</a></li> <li>Were not treated correctly for TB in the past</li> <li>Are under age 5</li> <li>Are an older adult</li> <li>Take medicines that <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">weaken the immune system</a>, such as medicines taken after an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">organ transplant</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">steroids</a>, and specialized treatments for certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autoimmunediseases.html">autoimmune diseases</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of tuberculosis (TB)?</h3> <p>Most people who have TB germs in their bodies don't get sick with TB disease. Instead, they have inactive TB infection. With an inactive TB infection, you:</p> <ul> <li>Don't have symptoms</li> <li>Can't spread TB to others</li> <li>Could get sick with active TB disease in the future if your immune system becomes weak for another reason</li> <li>Need to take medicine to prevent getting sick with active TB disease in the future</li> </ul> <p><strong>If you have TB disease</strong>, the TB germs are active, meaning that they are growing (multiplying) inside your body and making you sick. If the TB is growing in your lungs or throat, you can spread the TB germs to other people. You can get sick with TB disease weeks to years after you're infected with TB germs.</p> <p>With TB disease, your symptoms will depend on where the TB is growing in your body:</p> <ul> <li>General symptoms may include: <ul> <li>Chills and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a></li> <li>Night sweats (heavy sweating during sleep)</li> <li>Losing weight without trying</li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> <li>Weakness or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Symptoms from TB disease in your lungs may include: <ul> <li>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">cough</a> that lasts longer than 3 weeks</li> <li>Coughing up blood or sputum (a thick mucus from the lungs)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chestpain.html">Chest pain</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>How is tuberculosis (TB) diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider or your local health department can test you to find out if you have TB germs in your body. They will give you either a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/tuberculosis-screening/">TB skin or blood test</a>.</p> <p>If your test shows that you have TB germs, you'll need to have other tests to see if the germs are actively growing:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Tests for TB disease in the lungs</strong> usually include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/acid-fast-bacillus-afb-tests/">testing samples of your sputum</a> and having chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-rays</a>.</li> <li><strong>Tests for TB disease in other parts of your body</strong> may include tests of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html">urine</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">tissue samples</a>.</li> </ul> <p>You may need a TB test if you have symptoms of TB disease or if you are at high risk because you are more likely to be near someone with TB disease.</p> <p>People who have HIV also need to get tested for TB. HIV weakens your immune system. So if you have both HIV and inactive TB, the TB can quickly become active TB disease. You will need treatment for the inactive TB as soon as possible to prevent active TB disease.</p> <h3>What is the treatment for tuberculosis (TB)?</h3> <p>The treatment for both inactive TB infection and TB disease is antibiotics. To make sure you get rid of all the TB germs in your body, it's very important to follow the directions for taking your medicine.</p> <p>If you don't follow the directions, the TB germs in your body could change and become <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibioticresistance.html">antibiotic resistant</a>. That means the medicine may stop working and your TB may become hard to cure.</p> <ul> <li><strong>For inactive TB infections</strong>, you need to take medicines for three, four, six, or nine months, depending on the treatment plan. Treatment helps make sure you don't get TB disease in the future.</li> <li><strong>For active TB disease</strong>, you usually need to take medicines for four, six, or nine months, depending on the treatment plan. Treatment will almost always cure you if you take your pills the right way.</li> <li><strong>For TB disease in your lungs or throat</strong>, you'll need to stay home for a few weeks, so you don't spread disease to other people. You can protect the people you live with by: <ul> <li>Covering your nose and mouth.</li> <li>Opening windows when possible.</li> <li>Not getting too close to them.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>For drug-resistant TB disease,</strong> which means that the TB germs are resistant to certain TB medicines, you will need to take special medicines. Treatment may take a long time, sometimes months or years. The medicines can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drugreactions.html">side effects</a>. Your provider will closely monitor your treatment to make sure the medicines are working.</li> </ul> <p>By following medical advice for TB testing and treatment, you can keep yourself healthy and help stop the spread of TB.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Lungs and Breathing Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Amharic Arabic Cape Verdean Creole Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Hmong Japanese Karen Khmer Korean Nepali Oromo Portuguese Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Tagalog Tibetan Tigrinya Vietnamese National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycobacterial Infections TB Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Lung Association Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research NIH Start Here American Lung Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies American Lung Association Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF TB <h3>¿Qué es la tuberculosis?</h3> <p>La tuberculosis (TB) es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">enfermedad bacteriana</a> que generalmente ataca los pulmones. Pero también puede atacar otras partes del cuerpo, incluyendo riñones, la columna vertebral y el cerebro.</p> <p>No todas las personas infectadas con la bacteria de la tuberculosis se enferman. Entonces, hay dos tipos de condiciones de tuberculosis:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Infección de TB latente (inactiva):</strong> Los gérmenes de la tuberculosis viven en su cuerpo pero no lo enferman</li> <li><strong>Enfermedad de tuberculosis (TB activa):</strong> Los gérmenes de la tuberculosis causan enfermedad. Esta afección casi siempre se puede curar con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>. Pero si no se trata adecuadamente, puede ser fatal</li> </ul> <p>En los Estados Unidos hay casos de tuberculosis, pero es más común en otros países.</p> <h3>¿Qué causa la tuberculosis?</h3> <p>La tuberculosis es causada por una bacteria llamada <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>. Los gérmenes se propagan de persona a persona a través del aire. Las personas que tienen enfermedad de tuberculosis en la garganta o los pulmones propagan los gérmenes en el aire al toser, estornudar, hablar o cantar. Si respira el aire con gérmenes, puede contraer tuberculosis.</p> <p>La tuberculosis no se contagia al tocar, besar o compartir alimentos o platos.</p> <p>Es más probable que contraiga tuberculosis de las personas con las que vive o trabaja que de las personas a las que ve por períodos más cortos.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de infectarse con los gérmenes de la tuberculosis?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona que esté cerca de alguien con la enfermedad de tuberculosis puede infectarse con los gérmenes. Es más probable que esté cerca de alguien con la enfermedad de tuberculosis si:</p> <ul> <li>Nació o viaja con frecuencia a países donde la enfermedad de tuberculosis es común</li> <li>Es un trabajador de la salud</li> <li>Trabaja o vive en un lugar donde la tuberculosis es más común, como refugios para personas sin techo, cárceles y hogares para personas mayores</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar la enfermedad de tuberculosis?</h3> <p>Ciertas personas tienen más probabilidades de enfermarse de tuberculosis después de infectarse. Incluyen personas que:</p> <ul> <li>Tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a></li> <li>Se infectaron con tuberculosis en los últimos 2 años</li> <li>Tienen otras enfermedades, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, que dificultan combatir los gérmenes de la tuberculosis</li> <li>Tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">trastorno por consumo de alcohol</a> o se inyectan <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas ilegales</a></li> <li>No recibieron el tratamiento correcto para la tuberculosis en el pasado</li> <li>Son menores de cinco años</li> <li>Son adultos mayores</li> <li>Toman medicamentos que debilitan el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a>, como medicamentos que se toman después de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">trasplante de órgano</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/steroids.html">corticoides</a> y tratamientos especializados para ciertas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autoimmunediseases.html">enfermedades autoinmunes</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la tuberculosis?</h3> <p>La mayoría de las personas que tienen gérmenes de tuberculosis en el cuerpo no se enferman con la enfermedad de TB. En cambio, tienen una infección de tuberculosis latente. Con una infección de TB latente, usted:</p> <ul> <li>No tiene síntomas</li> <li>No puede transmitir la tuberculosis a otros</li> <li>Podría enfermarse de TB activa en el futuro si su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> se debilita por otra razón</li> <li>Necesita tomar medicamentos para evitar desarrollar TB activa en el futuro</li> </ul> <p><strong>Si tiene enfermedad de tuberculosis</strong>, los gérmenes de la TB están activos, lo que significa que están creciendo (multiplicándose) en de su cuerpo y causando sus síntomas. Si la tuberculosis está creciendo en sus pulmones o garganta, puede transmitir los gérmenes de la TB a otras personas. Puede enfermarse con la enfermedad de tuberculosis semanas o años después de haberse infectado con estos gérmenes.</p> <p>Con la enfermedad de tuberculosis, sus síntomas dependerán de dónde esté creciendo la TB en su cuerpo:</p> <ul> <li>Los síntomas generales pueden incluir: <ul> <li>Escalofríos y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">fiebre</a></li> <li>Sudores nocturnos (transpiración intensa durante el sueño)</li> <li>Perder peso sin intentarlo</li> <li>Pérdida del apetito</li> <li>Debilidad o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">fatiga</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Los síntomas de la enfermedad de tuberculosis en sus pulmones pueden incluir: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a> que dura más de 3 semanas</li> <li>Tos con sangre o esputo (mucosidad espesa de los pulmones)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chestpain.html">Dolor de pecho</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica la tuberculosis?</h3> <p>Su profesional de la salud o su departamento de salud local pueden hacerle pruebas para averiguar si tiene gérmenes de tuberculosis en su cuerpo. Le harán un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-tuberculosis/">análisis de sangre o de piel</a> para detectar la tuberculosis.</p> <p>Si su prueba muestra que tiene gérmenes de tuberculosis, deberá hacerse otras pruebas para ver si los gérmenes están creciendo activamente:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Las pruebas para la enfermedad de tuberculosis en los pulmones</strong> generalmente incluyen analizar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/pruebas-de-bacilos-acidorresistentes-baar/">muestras de su esputo</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/xrays.html">radiografías</a> del tórax</li> <li><strong>Las pruebas para la enfermedad de tuberculosis en otras partes del cuerpo</strong> pueden incluir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinalysis.html">análisis de orina</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biopsy.html">muestras de tejido</a></li> </ul> <p>Es posible que necesite una prueba de tuberculosis si tiene síntomas de TB o si tiene un alto riesgo porque es más probable que esté cerca de alguien con la enfermedad.</p> <p>Las personas con VIH también deben hacerse la prueba de tuberculosis. El VIH debilita el sistema inmunitario, por lo que si tiene VIH y tuberculosis latente, la TB puede convertirse rápidamente en tuberculosis activa. Necesitará tratamiento para la tuberculosis latente lo antes posible para prevenir una afección activa.</p> <h3>¿Cuál es el tratamiento para la tuberculosis?</h3> <p>El tratamiento tanto para la infección de tuberculosis latente como para la enfermedad activa son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibiotics.html">antibióticos</a>. Para asegurarse de deshacerse de todos los gérmenes de la tuberculosis en su cuerpo, es muy importante que siga las instrucciones para tomar su medicamento.</p> <p>Si no sigue las instrucciones, los gérmenes de la tuberculosis en su cuerpo podrían cambiar y volverse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antibioticresistance.html">resistentes a los antibióticos</a>. Eso significa que el medicamento puede dejar de funcionar y su TB puede volverse difícil de curar.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Para las infecciones latentes de tuberculosis</strong>, en general necesita tomar medicamentos por tres, cuatro, seis o nueve meses, dependiendo del plan de tratamiento. El tratamiento ayuda a asegurarse de que no contraiga TB en el futuro</li> <li><strong>Para la enfermedad de tuberculosis activa</strong>, en general necesita tomar medicamentos durante cuatro, seis o nueve meses, dependiendo del plan de tratamiento. El tratamiento casi siempre lo curará si toma sus medicamentos como debe</li> <li><strong>Para la enfermedad de tuberculosis en los pulmones o la garganta</strong>, deberá quedarse en casa durante algunas semanas para no contagiar la enfermedad a otras personas. Puede proteger a las personas con las que vive al: <ul> <li>Cubrirse la nariz y la boca</li> <li>Abrir las ventanas cuando sea posible</li> <li>No acercarse demasiado a ellos</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Para la tuberculosis resistente a los medicamentos</strong>, es decir, cuando los medicamentos no son capaces de matar a los gérmenes de la tuberculosis, deberá tomar medicamentos especiales. El tratamiento puede llevar mucho tiempo, incluso meses o años. Los medicamentos pueden causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">efectos secundarios</a>. Su profesional de la salud supervisará de cerca su tratamiento para asegurarse de que está funcionando</li> </ul> <p>Si sigue las sugerencias médicas para las pruebas y el tratamiento de la tuberculosis, puede mantenerse saludable y ayudar a detener la propagación de la TB.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Pulmón y vías respiratorias Tuberculosis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones por micobacterias TB Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Departmento de Salud de Minnesota PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH TSC Tuberous sclerosis complex <p>Tuberous sclerosis is a rare genetic disease that causes benign tumors to grow in the brain and other organs. Symptoms vary, depending on where the tumors grow. They could include:</p><ul> <li>Skin problems, such as light patches and thickened skin</li> <li>Seizures</li> <li>Behavior problems</li> <li>Intellectual disabilities</li> <li>Kidney problems</li> </ul> <p>Some people have signs of tuberous sclerosis at birth. In others it can take time for the symptoms to develop. The disease can be mild, or it can cause severe disabilities. In rare cases, tumors in vital organs or other symptoms can be life-threatening.</p> <p>Tuberous sclerosis has no cure, but treatments can help symptoms. Options include medicines, educational and occupational therapy, surgery, or surgery to treat specific complications.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Esclerosis tuberosa Tuberous Sclerosis Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke TSC Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Nefroblastoma <p>El tumor de Wilms es un tipo poco frecuente de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneycancer.html">cáncer renal</a>. Causa un tumor en uno o ambos riñones. Usualmente afecta a los niños, pero puede ocurrir en adultos. Tener ciertos padecimientos genéticos o defectos de nacimiento puede aumentar el riesgo de desarrollarlo. Los niños que están en riesgo deben evaluarse cada tres meses hasta que cumplan ocho años. </p> <p> Los síntomas incluyen un bulto en el abdomen, sangre en la orina y fiebre sin causa aparente. Las pruebas de riñón y de sangre se utilizan para encontrar el tumor.</p> <p>Los médicos usualmente diagnostican y remueven el tumor con una cirugía. Otros tratamientos incluyen quimioterapia, radiación y terapia biológica. La terapia biológica, o inmunoterapia, estimula la capacidad del propio cuerpo para combatir el cáncer. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Riñones y sistema urinario Wilms Tumor Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer de riñón Wilms, Tumor de Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Tumor no canceroso <p>Los tumores son crecimientos anormales en el cuerpo. Pueden ser benignos o malignos. Los tumores benignos no son cáncer, pero los malignos sí. Los tumores benignos solo crecen en una parte del cuerpo. No pueden aparecer ni invadir otras partes del cuerpo. Aún así, pueden ser peligrosos si presionan órganos importantes, tales como el cerebro. </p> <p>Los tumores están formados por células extras. En general, las células crecen y se dividen en otras células cuando el cuerpo las necesita. Cuando las células envejecen, se mueren y otras células nuevas toman su lugar. Algunas veces, este proceso no resulta como se espera: se forman células nuevas, aún cuando no son necesarias y las células viejas no mueren cuando deberían. Cuando estas células adicionales forman una masa, se les conoce como un tumor. </p> <p>Con frecuencia, el tratamiento incluye cirugía. Los tumores benignos no suelen crecer nuevamente.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Benign Tumors Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Esclerosis tuberosa Fibroides uterinos Neurofibromatosis Neuroma acústico Pólipos del colon Cáncer benigno Lipomas Nódulos tiroideos Tumor benigno Tumores pituitarios Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Adolescentes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centro de Información sobre Enfermedades Genéticas y Raras NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Americana del Hígado Cáncer cerebral Cáncer de cerebro Tumor cerebral <p>Un tumor cerebral es un crecimiento de células anormales en el tejido del cerebro. Los tumores pueden ser benignos (no cancerosos) o malignos (con células cancerígenas que crecen muy rápido). Algunos son primarios, o sea, que comienzan en el cerebro. Otros son metastásicos, o sea, que comenzaron en alguna otra parte del cuerpo y llegan al cerebro. </p> <p>Los tumores en el cerebro pueden mostrar varios síntomas. Estos son algunos de los más comunes:</p><ul> <li> Dolores de cabeza, generalmente por la mañana </li> <li> Náusea y vómitos </li> <li> Cambios en la capacidad para hablar, escuchar o ver </li> <li> Problemas de equilibrio o al caminar </li> <li> Problemas con el pensamiento o la memoria </li> <li> Debilidad o sentir muchas ganas de dormir </li> <li> Cambios en el estado de ánimo o conducta</li> <li> Convulsiones </li> </ul> <p>Los doctores diagnostican estos tumores por medio de un examen neurológico y otras pruebas como imágenes por resonancia magnética, tomografía computarizada o una biopsia. El tratamiento incluye la espera cautelosa (vigilancia sin administrar ningún tratamiento hasta que los síntomas se presenten o cambien), cirugía, radiación, quimioterapia y terapia dirigida. La terapia dirigida usa medicamentos u otras sustancias para combatir células cancerosas específicas y que causan menos daños a las células normales. La mayoría de las personas, recibe una combinación de estos. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Cánceres Cerebro y nervios Brain Tumors Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades del cerebro Tumores cerebrales en niños Cerebral, Tumor Cerebro, Cáncer de Cerebro, Tumor Tumor de la fosa posterior Tumor hipotalámico Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Síntomas Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Cáncer cerebral en niños Cáncer de cerebro en niños Tumores cerebrales en la niñez Tumores en el cerebro en los niños <p>Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/braintumors.html">tumores cerebrales</a> son abultamientos anormales dentro del cráneo. Se encuentran entre los tipos más comunes de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cancerinchildren.html">cánceres en niños</a>. Algunos son tumores benignos, que no son cancerosos. Aún así, pueden ser serios. Los tumores malignos son cancerosos. </p> <p>Los tumores cerebrales y de la médula espinal infantiles pueden causar dolores de cabeza y otros síntomas. Sin embargo, otras enfermedades causan síntomas similares. Consulte con su doctor si su hijo tiene algunos de estos problemas:</p> <ul> <li> Dolor de cabeza por la mañana o que desaparece al vomitar</li> <li> Vómitos y náusea frecuentes</li> <li> Problemas con la vista o del habla</li> <li> Pérdida de equilibrio o problemas para caminar</li> <li> Somnolencia inusual (más sueño que de costumbre)</li> <li> Cambios de personalidad </li> <li> Convulsiones</li> <li> Cabeza agrandada en recién nacidos</li> </ul> <p>Igualmente, estos síntomas no son los mismos en todos los niños.</p> <p> Los médicos usan exámenes físicos y neurológicos, de laboratorio e imágenes para diagnosticar tumores cerebrales. La mayoría de los tumores infantiles son diagnosticados y extraídos por medio de una cirugía.</p> <p> El tratamiento en los niños a veces es diferente al utilizado para los adultos. Los efectos secundarios a largo plazo son un aspecto importante. Las opciones también dependen del tipo de tumor y de su ubicación. Con frecuencia, es posible extirpar el tumor. Cuando no lo es, puede usarse radiación, quimioterapia o ambos. </p> <p class=""> NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer </p> Cánceres Niños y adolescentes Cerebro y nervios Childhood Brain Tumors Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer en niños Tumores cerebrales Niños, Cáncer cerebral Niños, Tumores cerebrales Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Tumor de la hipófisis Tumor hipofisario Tumor pituitario <p>Su glándula pituitaria es del tamaño de una arveja y está en la base de su cerebro. La glándula pituitaria es la "glándula de control maestro", produce las hormonas que están relacionadas con el crecimiento y las funciones de otras glándulas del cuerpo.</p> <p>Los tumores de la glándula pituitaria son comunes, pero usualmente no causan problemas de salud. La mayoría de las personas con tumores de la glándula pituitaria nunca saben que los tienen. El tumor más común es el que produce hormonas e interfiere con el equilibrio hormonal de su cuerpo. Esto puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endocrinediseases.html">trastornos endocrinos</a> como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cushingssyndrome.html">síndrome de Cushing</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hyperthyroidism.html">hipertiroidismo</a>. Los síntomas de los tumores pituitarios incluyen: </p> <p>Los síntomas de los tumores pituitarios incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor de cabeza </li> <li>Problemas de visión</li> <li>Náusea y vómito</li> <li>Problemas causados por la producción de demasiadas hormonas</li> </ul> <p>Los tumores de la glándula pituitaria en general curables. El tratamiento, en la mayoría de los casos, es extirpar el tumor. Otras opciones son medicinas, radiación y quimioterapia.</p> Cánceres Sistema endocrino Pituitary Tumors Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Enfermedades de la glándula pituitaria Glándula pituitaria, Tumor Hipófisis, Tumor Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Fácil de leer Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Cáncer durante el embarazo <p>Los tumores durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pregnancy.html">embarazo</a> son raros, pero suceden. Los tumores pueden ser benignos o malignos. Los tumores benignos no son cáncer. Los malignos sí. Los cánceres más comunes en el embarazo son el de mama, de cuello uterino, linfoma y melanoma. El cáncer raras veces afecta al feto y algunos tratamientos son seguros durante el embarazo. Usted y su médico buscarán el mejor tratamiento. Sus opciones dependerán de cuán avanzado esté su embarazo, así como también el tipo, tamaño y estadio del cáncer. </p> <p>Otro tipo de tumor es la enfermedad trofoblástica de la gestación. Esto sucede cuando el feto no se desarrolla luego de la unión del óvulo y del esperma. Esta enfermedad no siempre es fácil de detectar. Generalmente es benigno pero algunos tipos pueden ser malignos. El tipo más común de la enfermedad trofoblástica de la gestación es el embarazo molar. En sus estadios más tempranos, puede parecer como un embarazo normal. Deber ver a su proveedor de cuidados de salud si tiene sangrado vaginal (no menstruación). </p> <p>El tratamiento depende el tipo de tumor, si se diseminó a otros lugares y su estado de salud general. </p> Cánceres Embarazo y reproducción Tumors and Pregnancy Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Cáncer en el embarazo Embarazo y cáncer Embarazo, Tumor Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Comience aquí Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Especialistas Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH <p>Tumors during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnancy</a> are rare, but they can happen. Tumors can be either benign or malignant. Benign tumors aren't cancer. Malignant ones are. The most common cancers in pregnancy are breast cancer, cervical cancer, lymphoma, and melanoma. Cancer itself rarely harms the baby, and some cancer treatments are safe during pregnancy. You and your health care provider will work together to find the best treatment. Your options will depend on how far along the pregnancy is, as well as the type, size, and stage of your cancer.</p> <p>Another type of tumor that women can get is called a gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). It happens when a fertilized egg doesn't become a fetus. GTD is not always easy to find. It is usually benign, but some types can be malignant. The most common type of GTD is a molar pregnancy. In its early stages, it may look like a normal pregnancy. You should see your health care provider if you have vaginal bleeding (not menstrual bleeding). </p> <p>Treatment depends on the type of tumor, whether it has spread to other places, and your overall health.</p> Cancers Pregnancy and Reproduction Tumores durante el embarazo Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy Complications Neoplasms Pregnancy Spanish National Cancer Institute Cancer and Pregnancy Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Molar Pregnancy Find an Expert American Cancer Society Start Here American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH <h3>What is Turner syndrome?</h3> <p>Turner syndrome is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">genetic disorder</a> that affects a girl's development and appearance. It can also cause health problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/femaleinfertility.html">infertility</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart problems</a>.</p> <h3>What causes Turner syndrome?</h3> Turner syndrome happens because of a problem with a chromosome. Chromosomes are tiny "packages" in your cells that contain your genes. Genes carry information, called DNA, that controls what you look like and how your body works. Normally, girls receive one X chromosome from each parent. Turner syndrome happens when one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing.<p></p> <h3>What are the symptoms of Turner syndrome?</h3> <p>Turner syndrome can cause many different symptoms. The symptoms may be mild for some people. But for others, Turner syndrome can cause serious health problems.</p> <p>Some of the symptoms of Turner syndrome affect a person's appearance. Most people with Turner syndrome are shorter than average. They may also have physical features such as:</p> <ul> <li>A neck that is short and has extra skin (a "webbed" neck)</li> <li>A low hairline in the back</li> <li>Low-set ears</li> <li>Swollen hands and feet</li> </ul> <p>People with Turner syndrome may be born with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html">heart</a> and kidney defects. They usually don't have typical sexual development and are infertile. They are also at risk for other health problems such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">thyroid problems</a>. </p><h3>How is Turner syndrome diagnosed?</h3> <p>Health care providers diagnose Turner syndrome based on symptoms and a genetic blood test called a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/karyotype-genetic-test/">karyotype test</a>. Sometimes it is found in <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenataltesting.html">prenatal testing</a>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for Turner syndrome?</h3> <p>There is no cure for Turner syndrome, but there are treatments for some of the symptoms:</p> <ul> <li>If they are started in early childhood, <strong>hormone injections</strong> can often increase adult height by a few inches</li> <li><strong>Estrogen replacement therapy</strong> (ERT) can help start sexual development. It also protects against bone loss</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">Assisted reproduction technologies</a></strong> can help some women with Turner syndrome get pregnant</li> </ul> <p>People who have Turner syndrome need regular health checks. It's also important for them to have a care team that includes specialists who can treat the health problems caused by Turner syndrome.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Genetics/Birth Defects Endocrine System Síndrome de Turner Turner Syndrome Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Start Here National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Start Here Turner Syndrome Society of the United States Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Journal Articles Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Living With Turner Syndrome Society of the United States PDF Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Children Nemours Foundation <p>If you are pregnant with more than one baby, you are far from alone. Multiple births are up in the United States. More women are having babies after age 30 and more are taking fertility drugs. Both boost the chance of carrying more than one baby. A family history of twins also makes multiples more likely.</p> <p>Years ago, most twins came as a surprise. Now, most women know about a multiple pregnancy early. Women with multiple pregnancies should see their health care providers more often than women who are expecting one baby. Multiple pregnancy babies have a much higher risk of being born <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prematurebabies.html">prematurely</a> and having a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthweight.html">low birth weight</a>. There is also more of a risk of disabilities. Some women have to go on bed rest to delay labor. Finally, they may deliver by <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cesareandelivery.html">C-section</a>, especially if there are three babies or more.</p> <p>Parenting multiples can be a challenge. Volunteer help and support groups for parents of multiples can help.</p> <p class="">Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health</p> Children and Teenagers Pregnancy and Reproduction Gemelos, trillizos, nacimiento múltiple Pregnancy, Triplet Pregnancy, Twin Pregnancy, Quadruplet Pregnancy, Quintuplet Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Spanish Health Problems in Pregnancy Multiple Births Triplets Start Here March of Dimes Foundation Start Here American Society for Reproductive Medicine Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues American Society for Reproductive Medicine Find an Expert American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics American Society for Reproductive Medicine Video Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Nemours Foundation Journal Articles Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Trismo <p>El tétanos es una enfermedad seria causada por la bacteria clostridium. La bacteria vive en el suelo, la saliva, el polvo y en el estiércol. Las bacterias suelen ingresar al cuerpo a través de un corte profundo, como los que ocurren cuando uno pisa un clavo, o a través de una quemadura.</p> <p>La infección causa un espasmo doloroso de los músculos, por lo general en todo el cuerpo. Puede conducir a un "bloqueo" de la mandíbula, lo que hace imposible abrir la boca o tragar. El tétanos es una emergencia médica, por lo que debe tratarse en un hospital.</p> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">vacuna</a> contra el tétanos puede prevenir la enfermedad. Se provee como parte del programa de inmunización durante la infancia. Los adultos deben aplicarse una nueva dosis o refuerzo cada 10 años. Si sufre una cortadura o quemadura severa, busque ayuda médica; es posible que necesite un refuerzo. El cuidado inmediato y adecuado de la herida puede prevenir la infección por tétanos.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y Prevención de las Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Tetanus Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Vacunación Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Colitis Distal colitis Pancolitis Ulcerative proctitis <p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease that causes inflammation and sores, called ulcers, in the lining of the rectum and colon. It is one of a group of diseases called inflammatory bowel disease.</p> <p>UC can happen at any age, but it usually starts between the ages of 15 and 30. It tends to run in families. The most common symptoms are pain in the abdomen and blood or pus in diarrhea. Other symptoms may include:</p><ul> <li>Anemia</li> <li>Severe tiredness</li> <li>Weight loss</li> <li>Loss of appetite</li> <li>Bleeding from the rectum</li> <li>Sores on the skin</li> <li>Joint pain</li> <li>Growth failure in children</li> </ul> <p>About half of people with UC have mild symptoms.</p> <p>Doctors use blood tests, stool tests, colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, and imaging tests to diagnose UC. Several types of drugs can help control it. Some people have long periods of remission, when they are free of symptoms. In severe cases, doctors must remove the colon.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Colitis ulcerativa Colitis, Ulcerative Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Crohn's Disease Colitis Inflammatory Bowel Disease Find an Expert American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Related Issues American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Video Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Find an Expert American College of Gastroenterology Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Statistics and Research National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition PDF Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Adults Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Teenagers Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Spondylitis Association of America Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Living With Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Treatments and Therapies Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Specifics Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America PDF Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH <p>It can be scary when your baby is sick, especially when it is not an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoninfantandnewbornproblems.html">everyday problem</a> like a cold or a fever. You may not know whether the problem is serious or how to treat it. If you have concerns about your baby's health, call your health care provider right away.</p> <p>Learning information about your baby's condition can help ease your worry. Do not be afraid to ask questions about your baby's care. By working together with your health care provider, you make sure that your baby gets the best care possible.</p> Children and Teenagers Problemas poco comunes de los recién nacidos Infant, Newborn, Diseases Spanish Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Baby Health Checkup Birth Defects Birth Weight Common Infant and Newborn Problems Infant and Newborn Care Infant and Newborn Development Infant and Newborn Nutrition Medicines and Children Premature Babies Rh Incompatibility Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert American Academy of Pediatrics Related Issues Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Nemours Foundation Related Issues Nemours Foundation Teenage drinking <p>Alcohol is the most widely misused substance among America's youth. Drinking by young people has big health and safety risks. It is dangerous because it:</p><ul> <li>Causes many deaths and injuries</li> <li>Can lead to poor decisions about engaging in risky behavior, such as drinking and driving or unprotected sex</li> <li>Increases the risk of physical and sexual assault</li> <li>Can lead to other problems, such as trouble in school</li> <li>May interfere with brain development</li> <li>Increases the risk of alcohol problems later in life</li> </ul> <p>Kids often begin drinking to look "cool" or fit in with their peers. Parents can help their kids avoid alcohol problems. Open communication and conversations about drinking are important. So is being involved in your child's life. Get help for your child if you suspect a drinking problem.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</p> Children and Teenagers Substance Use and Disorders Alcohol y menores de edad Underage Drinking Adolescent Alcohol Drinking Spanish National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Alcohol and Youth Teenage Drinking NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Statistics and Research Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration PDF Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Federal Trade Commission Teenagers Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Find an Expert Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Start Here National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Related Issues National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Easy-to-Read NIH Find an Expert Partnership to End Addiction Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Easy-to-Read NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Nemours Foundation <p>Almost every day, new findings from medical research are published in scientific journals. These journal articles often become sources for news stories. They can be important tools in helping you manage your health. But it's not always easy to understand them and know what they mean for your life. For example:</p> <ul> <li>What you hear about a study may not explain how it fits into the bigger picture.</li> <li>Sometimes the results of one study seem to disagree with the results of another study. That could be because the studies could have different designs and asked different questions. The news stories don't always explain this.</li> <li>Sometimes the studies are very small, and researchers need to do more studies to confirm the results. But the news stories about these small studies may not highlight this.</li> </ul> <p>So it's important to think carefully when reading or listening to reports of new medical findings. Here are some questions that can help you <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/evaluatinghealthinformation.html">evaluate that information</a>:</p> <ul> <li>Was the study in animals or humans? Getting certain results in animals may not mean that you get those same results in humans.</li> <li>Were the people in the study similar to you in ways that may matter, such as age, race, or sex?</li> <li>How big was the study? Larger studies may get more reliable results than smaller studies.</li> <li>How long did the study last? For example, studies testing medicines need to be long enough to show long-term benefits or risks.</li> <li>What kind of study was it? <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/clinicaltrials.html">Clinical trials</a>, especially randomized controlled trials, give the clearest information about whether a treatment is effective and safe in humans. In randomized controlled trials, the people in the study are randomly divided into separate groups that get different treatments. This helps prevent bias in the results.</li> <li>Where was the research done?</li> <li>If a new treatment was being tested, what were the side effects? How common were they?</li> <li>How do the results from the study compare with previous studies? If the new study had different results, then more studies would be needed to confirm these results.</li> <li>Who paid for the research? Sometimes the people paying for the research could profit financially if the study gets certain results.</li> <li>Who is reporting the results? Do they have a certain bias?</li> </ul> <p>It can be helpful to stay informed about new medical findings. But it's good to have some skepticism. Keep these questions in mind the next time you hear about a big new medical breakthrough.</p> Social/Family Issues Personal Health Issues Comprendiendo la investigación médica Biomedical Research Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese Evaluating Health Information Medical Research Statistics and Research National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Reference Desk National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health PDF NIH Infographic Find an Expert National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Find an Expert National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Videos and Tutorials National Library of Medicine NIH Interactive Tutorial Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH <p>Your kidneys make urine by filtering wastes and extra water from your blood. The urine travels from the kidneys to the bladder in two thin tubes called ureters.</p> <p>The ureters are about 8 to 10 inches long. Muscles in the ureter walls tighten and relax to force urine down and away from the kidneys. Small amounts of urine flow from the ureters into the bladder about every 10 to 15 seconds.</p> <p>Sometimes the ureters can become blocked or injured. This can block the flow of urine to the bladder. If urine stands still or backs up the ureter, you may get a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html">urinary tract infection</a>.</p> <p>Doctors diagnose problems with the ureters using different tests. These include urine tests, x-rays, and examination of the ureter with a scope called a cystoscope. Treatment depends on the cause of the problem. It may include medicines and, in severe cases, surgery.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Trastornos del uréter Ureteral Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bladder Diseases Ureteral Cancer Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH <p>The urethra is the tube that allows <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html">urine</a> to pass out of the body. In men, it's a long tube that runs through the penis. It also carries semen in men. In women, it's short and is just above the vagina. Urethral problems may happen due to aging, illness, or injury. They include:</p><ul> <li>Urethral cancer - a rare cancer that happens more often in men</li> <li>Urethral stricture - a narrowing of the opening of the urethra</li> <li>Urethritis - inflammation of the urethra, sometimes caused by infection</li> </ul> <p>Urethral problems may cause pain or difficulty passing urine. You may also have bleeding or discharge from the urethra.</p> <p>Doctors diagnose urethral problems using different tests. These include urine tests, x-rays and an examination of the urethra with a scope called a cystoscope. Treatment depends on the cause of the problem. It may include medicines and, in severe cases, surgery.</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Trastornos de la uretra Urethral Diseases Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bladder Diseases Urine and Urination Urethral Cancer Children American Academy of Pediatrics Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Children National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH UA Urine Analysis Urine Test <p>A urinalysis is a test of your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html">urine</a>. It is often done to check for a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html">urinary tract infection</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney problems</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>. You may also have one during a checkup, if you are admitted to the hospital, before you have surgery, or if you are pregnant. It can also monitor some medical conditions and treatments.</p> <p>A urinalysis involves checking the urine for:</p><ul> <li>Its color</li> <li>Its appearance (whether it is clear or cloudy)</li> <li>Any odor</li> <li>The pH level (acidity)</li> <li>Whether there are substances that are not normally in urine, such as blood, too much protein, glucose, ketones, and bilirubin</li> <li>Whether there are cells, crystals, and casts (tube-shaped proteins)</li> <li>Whether it contains bacteria or other germs</li> </ul> Kidneys and Urinary System Análisis de orina Urinalysis Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Hematuria Proteinuria Urine Tests Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Videos and Tutorials Nemours Foundation Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Bladder control problems <h3>What is urinary incontinence (UI)?</h3> <p>Urinary incontinence (UI) is the loss of bladder control, or being unable to control urination. It is a common condition. It can range from being a minor problem to something that greatly affects your daily life. In any case, it can get better with proper treatment.</p> <h3>What are the types of urinary incontinence (UI)?</h3> <p>There are several different types of UI. Each type has different symptoms and causes:</p><ul> <li><strong>Stress incontinence</strong> happens when stress or pressure on your bladder causes you to leak urine. This could be due to coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting something heavy, or physical activity. Causes include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicfloordisorders.html">weak pelvic floor muscles</a> and the bladder being out of its normal position.</li> <li><strong>Urge, or urgency, incontinence</strong> happens when you have a strong urge (need) to urinate, and some urine leaks out before you can make it to the toilet. It is often related to an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html">overactive bladder</a>. Urge incontinence is most common in older people. It can sometimes be a sign of a <a href="urinarytractinfections.html" tid="448">urinary tract infection (UTI)</a>. It can also happen in some <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">neurological conditions</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html">multiple sclerosis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spinalcordinjuries.html">spinal cord injuries</a>.</li> <li><strong>Overflow incontinence</strong> happens when your bladder doesn't empty all the way. This causes too much urine to stay in your bladder. Your bladder gets too full, and you leak urine. This form of UI is most common in men. Some of the causes include tumors, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneystones.html">kidney stones</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, and certain medicines.</li> <li><strong>Functional incontinence</strong> happens when a physical or mental <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">disability</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/speechandcommunicationdisorders.html">trouble speaking</a>, or some other problem keeps you from getting to the toilet in time. For example, someone with arthritis may have trouble unbuttoning his or her pants, or a person with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html">Alzheimer's disease</a> may not realize they need to plan to use the toilet.</li> <li><strong>Mixed incontinence</strong> means that you have more than one type of incontinence. It's usually a combination of stress and urge incontinence.</li> <li><strong>Transient incontinence</strong> is urine leakage that is caused by a temporary (transient) situation such as an infection or new medicine. Once the cause is removed, the incontinence goes away.</li> <li><strong>Bedwetting</strong> refers to urine leakage during sleep. This is most common in children, but adults can also have it. <ul> <li>Bedwetting is normal for many children. It is more common in boys. Bedwetting is often not considered a health problem, especially when it runs in the family. But if it still happens often at age 5 and older, it may be because of a bladder control problem. This problem could be caused by slow physical development, an illness, making too much urine at night, or another problem. Sometimes there is more than one cause.</li> <li>In adults, the causes include some medicines, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caffeine.html">caffeine</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>. It can also be caused by certain health problems, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetesinsipidus.html">diabetes insipidus</a>, a urinary tract infection (UTI), kidney stones, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html">enlarged prostate</a> (BPH), and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepapnea.html">sleep apnea</a>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for urinary incontinence (UI)?</h3> <p>In adults, you are at higher risk of developing UI if you:</p><ul> <li>Are female, especially after going through pregnancy, childbirth, and/or menopause</li> <li>Are older. As you age, your urinary tract muscles weaken, making it harder to hold in urine.</li> <li>Are a man with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prostatediseases.html">prostate problems</a></li> <li>Have certain health problems, such as diabetes, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>, or long-lasting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">constipation</a></li> <li>Are a smoker</li> <li>Have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">birth defect</a> that affects the structure of your urinary tract</li> </ul> <p>In children, bedwetting is more common in younger children, boys, and those whose parents wet the bed when they were children.</p> <h3>How is urinary incontinence (UI) diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms. Your provider may ask you to keep a bladder diary for a few days before your appointment. The bladder diary includes how much and when you drink liquids, when and how much you urinate, and whether you leak urine.</li> <li>A physical exam, which can include a rectal exam. Women may also get a pelvic exam.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html">Urine</a> and/or blood tests</li> <li>Bladder function tests</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">Imaging tests</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for urinary incontinence (UI)?</h3> <p>Treatment depends on the type and cause of your UI. You may need a combination of treatments. Your provider may first suggest self-care treatments, including:</p><ul> <li><strong>Lifestyle changes</strong> to reduce leaks: <ul> <li>Drinking the right amount of liquid at the right time</li> <li>Being physically active</li> <li>Staying at a healthy weigh</li> <li>Avoiding constipation</li> <li>Not smoking</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Bladder training.</strong> This involves urinating according to a schedule. Your provider makes a schedule from you, based on information from your bladder diary. After you adjust to the schedule, you gradually wait a little longer between trips to the bathroom. This can help stretch your bladder so it can hold more urine.</li> <li><strong>Doing exercises to strengthen your pelvic floor muscles</strong>. Strong pelvic floor muscles hold in urine better than weak muscles. The strengthening exercises are called Kegel exercises. They involve tightening and relaxing the muscles that control urine flow.</li> </ul> <p>If these treatments do not work, your provider may suggest other options such as:</p><ul> <li><strong>Medicines</strong>, which can be used to <ul> <li>Relax the bladder muscles, to help prevent bladder spasms</li> <li>Block nerve signals that cause urinary frequency and urgency</li> <li>In men, shrink the prostate and improve urine flow</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Medical devices</strong>, including <ul> <li>A catheter, which is a tube to carry urine out of the body. You might use one a few times a day or all the time.</li> <li>For women, a ring or a tampon-like device inserted into the vagina. The devices pushes up against your urethra to help decrease leaks.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Bulking agents</strong>, which are injected into the bladder neck and urethra tissues to thicken them. This helps close your bladder opening so you have less leaking.</li> <li><strong>Electrical nerve stimulation</strong>, which involves changing your bladder's reflexes using pulses of electricity</li> <li><strong>Surgery</strong> to support the bladder in its normal position. This may be done with a sling that is attached to the pubic bone.</li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Older Adults Kidneys and Urinary System Incontinencia urinaria Urinary Incontinence Enuresis Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Overactive Bladder Pelvic Floor Disorders Urinary Tract Infections Bladder Control Incontinence Stress Incontinence Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse Easy-to-Read NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Women National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases PDF NIH Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurses Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women American Urogynecologic Society Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children National Kidney Foundation Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Women American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia UTI <p>The urinary system is the body's drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. It includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common type of infection in the body.</p> <p>You may have a UTI if you notice:</p><ul> <li>Pain or burning when you urinate</li> <li>Fever, tiredness, or shakiness</li> <li>An urge to urinate often</li> <li>Pressure in your lower belly </li> <li>Urine that smells bad or looks cloudy or reddish</li> <li>Pain in your back or side below the ribs</li> </ul> <p>People of any age or sex can get UTIs. But about four times as many women get UTIs as men. You're also at higher risk if you have diabetes, need a tube to drain your bladder, or have a spinal cord injury.</p> <p>If you think you have a UTI it is important to see your doctor. Your doctor can tell if you have a UTI with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html">urine test</a>. Treatment is with antibiotics. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Infections Infecciones de las vías urinarias Urinary Tract Infections Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bladder Diseases Urinalysis Bladder Infections Infections, Bladder Kidney Infections Pyelonephritis UTI Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Children National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Children Nemours Foundation Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>Your kidneys make urine by filtering wastes and extra water from your blood. The waste is called urea. Your blood carries it to the kidneys. From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes called ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until you are ready to urinate. It swells into a round shape when it is full and gets smaller when empty. If your urinary system is healthy, your bladder can hold up to 16 ounces (2 cups) of urine comfortably for 2 to 5 hours.</p> <p>You may have problems with urination if you have:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html">Kidney failure</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html">Urinary tract infections</a> </li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html">enlarged prostate</a></li> <li>Bladder control problems like <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinaryincontinence.html">incontinence</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/overactivebladder.html">overactive bladder</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/interstitialcystitis.html">interstitial cystitis</a></li> <li>A blockage that prevents you from emptying your bladder </li> </ul> <p>Some conditions may also cause you to have blood or protein in your urine. If you have a urinary problem, see your health care provider. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urinalysis.html">Urinalysis</a> and other urine tests can help to diagnose the problem. Treatment depends on the cause.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Kidneys and Urinary System Orina y micción Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Urination Urination Disorders Urine Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Bladder Diseases Enlarged Prostate (BPH) Interstitial Cystitis Kidney Diseases Overactive Bladder Ureteral Disorders Urethral Disorders Urinalysis Urinary Incontinence Urinary Tract Infections Dysuria Micturition Pee Urination Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Men Prostate Cancer Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Ronchas <p>La urticaria son ronchas rojizas que a veces producen picazón en la piel. Suele ser causada por una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/allergy.html">reacción alérgica</a> a un medicamento o una comida. Las reacciones alérgicas provocan en el cuerpo la liberación de sustancias químicas que hacen que la piel se inflame y se formen las ronchas. Las personas que tienen otras alergias son más propensas a tener urticaria. Entre otras posibles causas se encuentran las infecciones y el estrés. </p> <p>La urticaria es muy común. Suele desaparecer por sí sola, pero si el caso es serio, es posible que se necesiten medicinas o una inyección. En raras ocasiones, la urticaria puede causar una inflamación peligrosa en las vías respiratorias y dificultar la respiración. Esto es una emergencia médica. </p> Piel, cabello y uñas Sistema inmunitario Síntomas Hives Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Alergia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Síntomas Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Usher syndrome is an inherited disease that causes serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">hearing loss</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/retinaldisorders.html">retinitis pigmentosa</a>, an eye disorder that causes your vision to get worse over time. It is the most common condition that affects both hearing and vision.</p> <p>There are three types of Usher syndrome:</p> <ul> <li>People with type I are deaf from birth and have severe balance problems from a young age. Vision problems usually start by age 10 and lead to blindness.</li> <li>People with type II have moderate to severe hearing loss and normal balance. Vision problems start in the early teens and get worse more slowly than in type I.</li> <li>People with type III are born with normal hearing and near-normal balance but develop vision problems and then hearing loss.</li> </ul> <p>There is no cure. Tools such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingaids.html">hearing aids</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cochlearimplants.html">cochlear implants</a> can help some people. Training such as Braille instruction, low-vision services, or auditory training can also help.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</p> Eyes and Vision Ear, Nose and Throat Genetics/Birth Defects Síndrome de Usher Usher Syndromes Spanish National Eye Institute Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Eye Institute NIH Journal Articles Learn More Foundation Fighting Blindness Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Learn More Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Abuso de drogas de receta médica Abuso de medicamentos de receta Abuso de remedios <p>Si usted toma un medicamento de una forma distinta a lo que el médico le recetó, se conoce como uso indebido de drogas con receta. Esto puede significar:</p> <ul> <li>Tomar un medicamento que fue recetado para otra persona</li> <li>Tomar una dosis mayor a la recomendada</li> <li>Tomar el medicamento de una forma diferente a la recetada. Esto podría ser moliendo la medicina para luego inhalarla o inyectarla</li> <li>Usar la medicina para otro propósito, como drogarse</li> </ul> <p>Usar en forma indebida algunos medicamentos recetados puede provocar una adicción. Estos incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">opioides</a>, sedantes, tranquilizantes y estimulantes.</p> <p>Cada medicamento tiene algún riesgo de provocar efectos secundarios. Los médicos tienen esto en cuenta al recetarlos. Las personas que usan en forma indebida estos medicamentos pueden no entender los riesgos. Los medicamentos pueden no ser seguros para ellos, especialmente en dosis más altas o cuando se toman con otras medicinas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas</p> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Prescription Drug Misuse Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Medicamentos Drogas de receta médica, Abuso de Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Administración de Servicios de la Salud Mental y Abuso de Sustancias Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Uso seguro de opiáceos <h3>¿Qué son los opioides?</h3> <p>Los opioides, a veces llamados narcóticos, son un tipo de medicamentos. Incluyen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> fuertes recetados como la oxicodona, hidrocodona, fentanilo y tramadol. También es un opioide la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heroin.html">heroína</a>, una droga ilegal.</p> <p>Un profesional de la salud puede recetarle un opioide para el dolor tras sufrir una lesión importante o después de una cirugía. Puede recibirlos si tiene dolor severo debido a enfermedades como el cáncer. Algunos proveedores de atención médica los recetan para el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/chronicpain.html">dolor crónico</a>.</p> <p>En general, los opioides recetados para aliviar el dolor son seguros cuando se toman por un tiempo corto y según lo indicado por su profesional de la salud. Sin embargo, quienes los toman tienen riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidsandopioidusedisorderoud.html">trastorno por consumo de opioides </a> y una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/opioidoverdose.html">sobredosis</a>. Estos riesgos aumentan cuando hay un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prescriptiondrugmisuse.html">uso indebido</a> de los opioides. El uso indebido puede incluir tomar más de la dosis recetada o tomarla más seguido, usarla para drogarse o tomar los opioides de otra persona.</p> <h3>¿Cómo sé si necesito tomar medicamentos opioides?</h3> <p>Primero, debe hablar con su proveedor de atención médica para saber si necesita tomar opioides. Debería ver:</p> <ul> <li>Si hay otros medicamentos o terapias que podrían tratar su dolor</li> <li>Los riesgos y beneficios de tomar opioides</li> <li>Su historia clínica y si usted o alguien en su familia tiene antecedentes de uso indebido de sustancias, adicción de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">drogas</a> o trastorno por uso de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">alcohol</a></li> <li>Cualquier otro medicamento y suplemento que esté tomando</li> <li>Cuánto alcohol bebe</li> <li>Si está embarazada o planea quedar embarazada </li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué debo saber si voy a tomar medicamentos opioides?</h3> <p>Si usted y su proveedor deciden que tiene que tomar opioides, debe entender bien:</p> <ul> <li>Cómo tomar el medicamento: Cuánto y con qué frecuencia</li> <li>Por cuánto tiempo </li> <li>Cuáles son los posibles efectos secundarios</li> <li>Cómo suspender los medicamentos cuando ya no los necesite. Si ha estado tomando opioides por un tiempo, puede ser peligroso parar de repente. Es posible que deba reducir los medicamentos lentamente</li> <li>Cuáles son los signos de una adicción, para que pueda vigilarlos. Estos incluyen:</li> <ul> <li>Tomar más medicamento de lo que se supone </li> <li>Tomar los de otra persona</li> <li>Tomar el medicamento para drogarse</li> <li>Cambios de humor, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a> y/o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anxiety.html">ansiedad</a></li> <li>Necesidad de dormir demasiado o muy poco</li> <li>Problemas al tomar decisiones</li> <li>Sentirse eufórico o sedado</li> </ul> </ul> <p>Si tiene un alto riesgo de sufrir una sobredosis, compre naloxona en una farmacia y llévela consigo dondequiera que vaya. La naloxona es un medicamento que puede revertir los efectos de una sobredosis de opioides.</p> <h3>¿Cómo tomar un opioide en forma segura?</h3> <p>Siempre debe tener cuidado al tomar un medicamento, pero debe tomar precauciones especiales al tomar opioides:</p> <ul> <li>Tome su medicamento exactamente como se lo recetaron, no tome más de lo que tiene que tomar</li> <li>Verifique las instrucciones cada vez que tome una dosis</li> <li>No rompa, mastique, aplaste ni disuelva las píldoras </li> <li>Los opioides pueden causar sueño. No conduzca ni use maquinaria, especialmente cuando use el medicamento por primera vez</li> <li>Hable con su proveedor si tiene efectos secundarios</li> <li>Si puede, use la misma farmacia para todos sus medicamentos. El sistema informático de la farmacia alertará al farmacéutico si está tomando dos o más medicamentos que podrían causar una interacción peligrosa</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo almacenar y eliminar en forma segura los opioides?</h3> <p>Es importante almacenar y botar los opioides en la forma correcta:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Almacene sus opioides y otros medicamentos en un lugar seguro</strong>: Si tiene niños en casa, es una buena idea guardar sus medicamentos con llave. Incluso una dosis accidental de un opioide para un adulto puede causar una sobredosis letal en un niño. Además, alguien que viva con usted o visite su casa puede buscar sus medicamentos para tomarlos o venderlos</li> <li><strong>Si viaja, lleve consigo el frasco de opioides por seguridad</strong>: Esto le ayudará a responder alguna pregunta sobre su medicamento</li> <li><strong>Deseche la medicina que no use en forma correcta</strong>: Si tiene opioides sin usar al final de su tratamiento, puede deshacerse de ellos al:</li> <ul> <li>Encontrar un programa en su ciudad de devolución de drogas</li> <li>Encontrar un programa de alguna farmacia que acepte devolución por correo </li> <li>En algunos casos, desechándolos por el inodoro. Consulte el sitio web de la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA) para averiguar cuáles se pueden eliminar de esta forma</li> </ul> <li><strong>Nunca venda ni comparta sus medicamentos</strong>: Su receta es solo para usted. Su proveedor de atención médica considera muchos factores al recetar opioides. Lo que es seguro para usted podría ocasionar una sobredosis en otra persona</li> <li><strong>Si alguien le roba sus medicamentos o prescripción para opioides, avise a la policía</strong></li> </ul> Consumo de sustancias y sus trastornos Safe Opioid Use Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas Opioides, Uso seguro Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina Video NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Endometrial cancer <p>The <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinediseases.html">uterus</a>, or womb, is the place where a baby grows when a women is pregnant. There are different types of uterine cancer. The most common type starts in the endometrium, the lining of the uterus. This type is also called endometrial cancer.</p> <p>The symptoms of uterine cancer include:</p><ul> <li>Abnormal <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html">vaginal bleeding</a> or discharge</li> <li>Trouble urinating</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html">Pelvic pain</a></li> <li>Pain during intercourse</li> </ul> <p>Uterine cancer usually happens after menopause. It is more common in women who have obesity. You also have a higher risk if you took estrogen-only <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">hormone replacement therapy</a> (menopausal hormone therapy) for many years.</p> <p>Tests to find uterine cancer include a pelvic exam, imaging tests, and a biopsy. The most common treatment is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hysterectomy.html">hysterectomy</a>, which is surgery to remove the uterus. Sometimes the surgery also removes the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Other treatments include hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Some women get more than one type of treatment.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Women Female Reproductive System Cáncer de útero Uterine Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Cervical Cancer Hysterectomy Uterine Diseases Women's Health Checkup Endometrial Cancer Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Related Issues American Cancer Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Specifics American Cancer Society Statistics and Research American Cancer Society <p>The uterus, or womb, is the place where a baby grows when a woman is pregnant. The first sign of a problem with the uterus may be <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html">bleeding</a> between periods or after sex. Causes can include hormones, thyroid problems, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html">fibroids</a>, polyps, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html">cancer</a>, infection, or pregnancy.</p> <p>Treatment depends on the cause. Sometimes birth control pills treat hormonal imbalances. If a thyroid problem is the cause, treating it may also stop the bleeding. If you have cancer or hyperplasia, an overgrowth of normal cells in the uterus, you may need surgery.</p> <p>With two other uterine problems, tissue that normally lines the uterus grows where it is not supposed to. In <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/endometriosis.html">endometriosis</a>, it grows outside the uterus. In adenomyosis, it grows in the uterus's outside walls. Pain medicine may help. Other treatments include hormones and surgery.</p> Women Female Reproductive System Enfermedades del útero Uterine Diseases Spanish Cervical Cancer Cervix Disorders Endometriosis Hysterectomy Pelvic Floor Disorders Uterine Cancer Uterine Fibroids Vaginal Bleeding Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Fibroids Uterine leiomyomata <p>Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in women of childbearing age. Fibroids are made of muscle cells and other tissues that grow in and around the wall of the uterus, or womb. The cause of fibroids is unknown. Risk factors include being African American or being overweight.</p> <p>Many women with fibroids have no symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they may include:</p><ul> <li>Heavy or painful periods or bleeding between periods </li> <li>Feeling "full" in the lower abdomen </li> <li>Urinating often </li> <li>Pain during sex </li> <li>Lower back pain </li> <li>Reproductive problems, such as infertility, multiple miscarriages or early labor</li> </ul> <p>Your health care provider may find fibroids during a gynecological exam or by using imaging tests. Treatment includes drugs that can slow or stop their growth, or surgery. If you have no symptoms, you may not even need treatment. Many women with fibroids can get pregnant naturally. For those who cannot, infertility treatments may help.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Women Female Reproductive System Fibroides uterinos Uterine Neoplasms Leiomyoma Uterine Myomectomy Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Haitian Creole Japanese Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Spanish Tagalog Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Hysterectomy Uterine Cancer Uterine Diseases Fibroids Uterine Leiomyomata Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert Society of Interventional Radiology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Food and Drug Administration Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH <h3>What are vaccines?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">Vaccines</a> play an important role in keeping us healthy. They protect us from serious and sometimes deadly diseases. Vaccines are injections (shots), liquids, pills, or nasal sprays that you take to teach your body's immune system to recognize and defend against harmful germs. The germs could be <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">viruses</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">bacteria</a>.</p> <p>Some types of vaccines contain germs that cause disease. But the germs have been killed or weakened enough that they won't make you sick. Some vaccines only contain a part of a germ. Other types of vaccines include instructions for your cells to make a protein of the germ.</p> <p>These different vaccine types all spark an immune response, which helps your body fight off the germs. Your immune system will also remember the germ and attack it if that germ ever invades again. This protection against a certain disease is called immunity.</p> <p>These diseases can be very serious. Because of this, getting immunity from a vaccine is safer than getting immunity by being sick with the disease. And for a few vaccines, getting vaccinated can actually give you a better immune response than getting the disease would.</p> <h3>Do vaccines cause side effects?</h3> <p>As with medicines, any vaccine can cause side effects. Most of the time the side effects are minor, such as a sore arm, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a>, or mild <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a>. They usually go away within a few days. These common side effects are often a sign that your body is starting to build immunity against a disease.</p> <p>Serious side effects from vaccines can happen, but they are very rare. These side effects could include a severe <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html">allergic reaction</a>. Other possible side effects are different for each vaccine. Talk with your health care provider if you're concerned about your health after getting vaccinated.</p> <p>Some people worry that <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html">childhood vaccines</a> could cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/autismspectrumdisorder.html">autism spectrum disorder</a> (ASD). But many scientific studies have looked at this and have found no link between vaccines and ASD.</p> <h3>How are vaccines tested for safety?</h3> <p>Every vaccine that is approved in the United States goes through extensive safety testing. It starts with testing and evaluation of the vaccine before it's approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This process can often take several years.:</p><ul> <li>First, the vaccine is tested in labs. Based on those tests, the FDA decides whether to test the vaccine with people.</li> <li>Testing with people is done through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/clinicaltrials.html">clinical trials</a>. In these trials, the vaccines are tested on volunteers. Clinical trials usually start with 20 to 100 volunteers, but eventually include thousands of volunteers.</li> <li>The clinical trials have three phases. The trials are looking for the answer to important questions such as <ul> <li>Is the vaccine safe?</li> <li>What dose (amount) works best?</li> <li>How does the immune system react to it?</li> <li>How effective is it?</li> </ul> </li> <li>During the process, the FDA works closely with the company who makes the vaccine to evaluate the vaccine's safety and effectiveness. If the vaccine is found to be safe and effective, it will be approved and licensed by the FDA.</li> <li>After a vaccine is licensed, experts may consider adding it to the recommended vaccine, or immunization, schedule. This schedule is from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It lists which vaccines are recommended for different groups of people. They list which age groups should get which vaccines, how many doses they need, and when they should get them.</li> </ul> <p>Testing and monitoring continue after the vaccine is approved:</p><ul> <li>The company making the vaccines tests every batch of vaccines for quality and safety. The FDA reviews the results of these tests. It also inspects the factories where the vaccine is made. These checks help make sure the vaccines meet standards for quality and safety.</li> <li>The FDA, CDC, and other federal agencies continue to monitor its safety, to watch for possible side effects. They have systems to track any safety issues with the vaccines.</li> </ul> <p>These high safety standards and testing help to make sure that vaccines in the United States are safe. Vaccines help protect against serious, even deadly, diseases. They not only protect you, but also help to keep these diseases from spreading to others.</p> Infections Immune System Safety Issues Seguridad de las vacunas Vaccines toxicity Vaccines adverse effects Vaccines standards Spanish Childhood Vaccines COVID-19 Vaccines Flu Shot Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines Vaccines Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Videos and Tutorials National Institutes of Health Video NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Department of Health and Human Services Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Infographic Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Immunization Vaccination <h3>What are vaccines?</h3> <p>Vaccines are injections (shots), liquids, pills, or nasal sprays that you take to teach your body's <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> to recognize and defend against harmful germs. For example, there are vaccines to protect against diseases caused by:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">Viruses</a>, like the ones that cause the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flushot.html">flu</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bacterialinfections.html">Bacteria</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the types of vaccines?</h3> <p>There are several types of vaccines:</p><ul> <li><strong>Live-attenuated vaccines</strong> use a weakened form of the germ.</li> <li><strong>Inactivated vaccines</strong> use a killed version of the germ.</li> <li><strong>Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines</strong> use only specific pieces of the germ, such as its protein, sugar, or casing.</li> <li><strong>Toxoid vaccines</strong> use a toxin (harmful product) made by the germ.</li> <li><strong>mRNA vaccines</strong> use messenger RNA, which gives your cells instructions for how to make a protein (or piece of a protein) of the germ.</li> <li><strong>Viral vector vaccines</strong> use genetic material, which gives your cells instructions for making a protein of the germ. These vaccines also contain a different, harmless virus that helps get the genetic material into your cells.</li> </ul> <p>These vaccines may work in different ways, but they all spark an immune response. The immune response is the way your body defends itself against substances it sees as foreign or harmful. These substances include germs that can cause disease.</p> <h3>What happens in an immune response?</h3> <p>There are different steps in the immune response:</p><ul> <li>When a germ invades, your body sees it as foreign.</li> <li>Your immune system helps your body fight off the germ.</li> <li>Your immune system also remembers the germ. It will attack the germ if it ever invades again. This "memory" protects you against the disease that the germ causes. This type of protection is called immunity.</li> </ul> <h3>What are immunization and vaccination?</h3> <p>Immunization is the process of becoming protected against a disease. But it can also mean the same thing as vaccination, which is getting a vaccine to become protected against a disease.</p> <h3>Why are vaccines important?</h3> <p>Vaccines are important because they protect you against many diseases. These diseases can be very serious. So getting immunity from a vaccine is safer than getting immunity by being sick with the disease.</p> <p>For a few vaccines, getting vaccinated can actually give you a better immune response than getting the disease would.</p> <p>But vaccines don't just protect you. They also protect the people around you through community immunity.</p> <h3>What is community immunity?</h3> <p>Community immunity, or herd immunity, is the idea that vaccines can help keep communities healthy.</p> <p>Normally, germs can travel quickly through a community and make a lot of people sick. If enough people get sick, it can lead to an outbreak. But when enough people are vaccinated against a certain disease, it's harder for that disease to spread to others. This type of protection means that the entire community is less likely to get the disease.</p> <p>Community immunity is especially important for people who can't get certain vaccines. For example, they may not be able to get a vaccine because they have weakened immune systems. Others may be allergic to certain vaccine ingredients. And newborn babies are too young to get some vaccines. Community immunity can help to protect them all.</p> <h3>Are vaccines safe?</h3> <p>Vaccines are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccinesafety.html">safe</a>. They must go through extensive safety testing and evaluation before they are approved in the United States.</p> <h3>What is a vaccine schedule?</h3> <p>A vaccine, or immunization, schedule lists which vaccines are recommended for different groups of people. It includes who should get the vaccines, how many doses they need, and when they should get them. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publishes the vaccine schedule.</p> <p>It's important for both <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/childhoodvaccines.html">children</a> and adults to get their vaccines according to the schedule. Following the schedule allows them to get protection from the diseases at exactly the right time.</p> Infections Immune System Vacunación Vaccination Vaccines Immunization Arabic Bengali Bosnian Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Dari French Haitian Creole Hindi Kinyarwanda Korean Nepali Pashto Portuguese Punjabi Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Swahili Ukrainian Vietnamese Childhood Vaccines COVID-19 Vaccines Flu Shot Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines Vaccine Safety Adult Immunization Images Immunization Action Coalition Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Health Check Tools Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Infectious Disease and HIV/AIDS Policy Reference Desk National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests Immunization Action Coalition PDF Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Food and Drug Administration Related Issues American Cancer Society Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Related Issues Immunization Action Coalition PDF Start Here Department of Health and Human Services Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <h3>¿Qué es la gripe?</h3> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flu.html">gripe</a> (influenza) es una infección respiratoria. Es una infección de la nariz, la garganta y los pulmones causada por el virus de la influenza. Estos virus pueden transmitirse de persona a persona.</p> <p>La mayoría de las personas que contraen gripe se recuperan por sí mismas, sin atención médica. Pero para algunas, la gripe es grave. Puede causar complicaciones y, en ocasiones, incluso la muerte. Las personas mayores de 65 años, menores de cinco años, embarazadas o que quienes tienen ciertas afecciones de salud poseen un mayor riesgo de sufrir complicaciones por la gripe.</p> <p>Vacunarse contra la gripe todos los años es la mejor manera de reducir el riesgo de tener la enfermedad y sus complicaciones.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los beneficios de vacunarse contra la gripe?</h3> <p>Hay muchas razones para vacunarse contra la gripe todos los años:</p> <ul> <li>Puede evitar que se enferme de gripe</li> <li>Si contrae la gripe, puede ser menos grave. También es menos probable que tenga complicaciones o que necesite ser hospitalizado por gripe</li> <li>Si padece ciertas afecciones crónicas, vacunarse contra la gripe puede ayudar a evitar que la gripe empeore su enfermedad. Por ejemplo, si tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copd.html">EPOC</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, la gripe puede empeorar tanto su afección que podría necesitar hospitalizarse. Recibir la vacuna contra la gripe puede reducir este riesgo</li> <li>Recibir la vacuna en el embarazo no solo la protege durante y después del embarazo. También ayuda a proteger a su bebé de la gripe durante sus primeros meses de vida</li> <li>En niños, se ha demostrado que reduce el riesgo de gripe grave potencialmente mortal</li> <li>También puede proteger a las personas que lo rodean, incluyendo aquellas que tienen un mayor riesgo de complicaciones</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo funcionan las vacunas contra la gripe?</h3> <p>La vacuna contra la gripe hace que su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> produzca anticuerpos unas dos semanas después de recibir la vacuna. Estos anticuerpos le protegen contra la infección gracias a los virus de influenza que contiene la vacuna.</p> <h3>¿Quién necesita una vacuna contra la gripe?</h3> <p>Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de los EE. UU. recomiendan la vacunación anual contra la gripe para todas las personas de seis meses en adelante, con algunas excepciones.</p> <p>Las vacunas contra la gripe son especialmente importantes para aquellas personas con un alto riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones graves por la gripe.</p> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de vacunas contra la gripe. Hay vacunas inyectables y vacunas en aerosol nasal. También hay vacunas especiales para personas de 65 años o más. Pregúntele a su profesional de la salud cuál es la adecuada para usted.</p> <h3>¿Quién no debe vacunarse contra la gripe?</h3> <p>Algunas personas no deben vacunarse contra la gripe:</p> <ul> <li>Niños menores de 6 meses</li> <li>Aquellas con alergias graves y potencialmente mortales a la vacuna contra la gripe o a cualquiera de sus componentes. Esto puede incluir gelatina, antibióticos u otros ingredientes</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas deben hablar con su profesional de la salud antes de vacunarse contra la gripe. Entre ellas se incluyen quienes:</p> <ul> <li>Tienen alergia a cualquiera de los componentes de la vacuna</li> <li>Alguna vez han tenido el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guillainbarresyndrome.html">síndrome de Guillain-Barré</a> (SGB). Algunas personas con antecedentes de SGB no deben vacunarse contra la gripe</li> </ul> <p>Si tiene gripe moderada o grave, generalmente debe esperar hasta recuperarse antes de vacunarse contra la gripe.</p> <h3>¿Por qué necesito vacunarme contra la gripe todos los años?</h3> <p>Es necesario vacunarse contra la gripe todos los años porque:</p> <ul> <li>La protección inmunitaria de la vacuna disminuye con el tiempo. Debe vacunarse todos los años para aumentar la protección</li> <li>Los virus de la gripe cambian constantemente. Por ello, la vacuna contra la gripe se actualiza cada año. La nueva vacuna incluirá protección contra los virus que probablemente sean comunes en la próxima temporada de influenza</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuándo debo vacunarme contra la gripe?</h3> <p>Para la mayoría de las personas que solo necesitan una dosis de la vacuna para la temporada de gripe, septiembre y octubre suelen ser buenos momentos para vacunarse. Es mejor recibirla antes de fines de octubre.</p> <p>Algunos niños necesitan dos dosis de la vacuna contra la gripe. La primera dosis deben recibirla tan pronto se encuentre disponible la vacuna. La segunda dosis la deben recibir al menos cuatro semanas después de la primera.</p> <p>Si está embarazada, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre cuándo debe recibir la vacuna. El momento de la vacunación puede variar según el tiempo de embarazo que tenga.</p> <h3>¿Causan efectos secundarios las vacunas contra la gripe?</h3> <p>Se ha demostrado que las vacunas contra la gripe son seguras. Pero, como cualquier producto médico, pueden causar efectos secundarios. Si tiene algún efecto secundario, usualmente son leves y desaparecen por sí solos en pocos días. Los más comunes incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Dolor, enrojecimiento y/o hinchazón por la inyección</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Náuseas</a></li> <li>Dolores musculares</li> </ul> <p>Al igual que otras inyecciones, ocasionalmente la vacuna contra la gripe puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fainting.html">desmayos</a>. En casos poco frecuentes, algunas personas sufren una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">reacción alérgica</a> grave.</p> <p class="">Centro para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Sistema inmunitario Flu Shot Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Gripe Vacunación Gripe, Vacuna Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Mujeres Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Inmunización Vacunas <h3>¿Qué son las vacunas?</h3> <p>Las vacunas son inyecciones, líquidos, pastillas o aerosoles nasales que usted toma para enseñarle al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> de su cuerpo a reconocer y defenderse de gérmenes dañinos. Por ejemplo, existen vacunas para protegerse contra enfermedades causadas por:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">Virus</a>, como los que causan la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/flushot.html">gripe</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">Bacterias</a>, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">tétanos, difteria y tos ferina</a></li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué tipos de vacunas hay?</h3> <p>Existen diferentes tipos de vacunas:</p> <ul> <li>Las <strong>vacunas vivas atenuadas</strong> utilizan una forma debilitada del germen</li> <li>Las <strong>vacunas inactivadas</strong> usan una versión muerta del germen</li> <li>Las <strong>vacunas de subunidades, recombinantes, polisacáridas y combinadas</strong> usan solo partes específicas del germen, como su proteína, azúcar o envoltura</li> <li><strong>Vacunas toxoides</strong> que usan una toxina (producto dañino) producida por el germen</li> <li>Las <strong>vacunas de ARNm</strong> utilizan ARN mensajero, que le da a sus células instrucciones sobre cómo producir una proteína (o un trozo de proteína) del germen</li> <li>Las <strong>vacunas de vectores virales</strong> utilizan material genético, que le da a sus células instrucciones para producir una proteína del germen. Estas vacunas también contienen un virus diferente e inofensivo que ayuda a llevar el material genético a sus células</li> </ul> <p>Estas vacunas pueden funcionar en forma diferente, pero todas desencadenan una respuesta inmunitaria, que es la forma en la que su cuerpo se defiende contra sustancias que percibe como extrañas o dañinas. Estas sustancias incluyen gérmenes que causan enfermedades.</p> <h3>¿Qué ocurre en una respuesta inmunitaria?</h3> <p>Hay diferentes pasos en la respuesta inmune:</p> <ul> <li>Cuando un germen lo invade, su cuerpo lo percibe como extraño</li> <li>Su sistema inmunitario ayuda a su cuerpo a combatir los gérmenes</li> <li>Su sistema inmunitario también recuerda el germen. Atacará al germen si vuelve a invadirlo. Esta "memoria" lo protege contra la enfermedad que causa el germen. Este tipo de protección se llama inmunidad</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué es la inmunización y la vacunación?</h3> <p>La inmunización es el proceso de protegerse contra una enfermedad. Pero también puede significar lo mismo que vacunación, que consiste en recibir una vacuna para protegerse contra una enfermedad.</p> <h3>¿Por qué son importantes las vacunas?</h3> <p>Las vacunas son importantes porque lo protegen contra muchas enfermedades. Éstas pueden ser muy graves, por lo que es más seguro obtener inmunidad a partir de una vacuna que contraer la afección.</p> <p>Para algunas vacunas, la inmunización puede brindar una mejor respuesta inmunitaria que la que obtendría al enfermarse.</p> <p>Las vacunas no solo le protegen, también protegen a las personas que le rodean a través de la inmunidad comunitaria o colectiva.</p> <h3>¿Qué es la inmunidad comunitaria o colectiva?</h3> <p>La inmunidad comunitaria o colectiva es la idea de que las vacunas pueden ayudar a mantener la salud de las comunidades.</p> <p>En general, los gérmenes pueden viajar muy rápido a través de una comunidad y enfermar a muchas personas. Si se enferman suficientes personas, puede provocar un brote. Pero cuando se vacuna a suficientes personas contra una determinada afección, es más difícil que esa enfermedad se transmita a otras personas. Este tipo de protección significa que es menos probable que toda la comunidad contraiga la enfermedad.</p> <p>La inmunidad comunitaria es especialmente importante para las personas que no pueden recibir ciertas vacunas. Por ejemplo, es posible que no puedan recibir una vacuna porque tienen un sistema inmunitario debilitado. Otros pueden ser alérgicos a ciertos ingredientes de la vacuna. Y los bebés recién nacidos son demasiado pequeños para recibir algunas inmunizaciones. La inmunidad comunitaria puede ayudar a protegerlos a todos.</p> <h3>¿Son seguras las vacunas?</h3> <p>Las vacunas son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccinesafety.html">seguras</a>. Deben pasar por completas pruebas y evaluaciones de seguridad antes de ser aprobadas en los Estados Unidos.</p> <h3>¿Qué es un calendario de vacunas?</h3> <p>Un programa de vacunación, o inmunización, enumera qué vacunas se recomiendan para diferentes grupos de personas. Incluye quiénes deben recibir las vacunas, cuántas dosis necesitan y cuándo deben recibirlas. En los Estados Unidos, los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) publican el calendario de vacunas.</p> <p>Es importante que tanto los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/childhoodvaccines.html">niños</a> como los adultos se vacunen según el calendario. Seguir el calendario asegura que reciba protección contra las enfermedades exactamente en el momento adecuado.</p> Infecciones Sistema inmunitario Vaccines Seguridad de las vacunas Vacuna para la gripe Vacunas contra el COVID-19 Vacunas para los niños Adultos, Vacunación Vacunación de adultos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Fácil de leer Personas mayores Spanish/Español Oficina de Prevención de Enfermedades y Promoción de la Salud Fácil de leer <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">enfermedad del coronavirus 2019</a> (COVID-19) es una afección causada por un virus. Este virus es un coronavirus llamado SARS-COV-2. En los Estados Unidos, existen varias vacunas que son efectivas para proteger a las personas de enfermarse gravemente, ser hospitalizadas y morir a causa del COVID-19. Estas vacunas están siendo usadas bajo una Autorización de Uso de Emergencia (EUA, por sus siglas en inglés) de la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos de EE. UU. (FDA). Esto significa que estas vacunas cumplen con los requisitos científicos de la FDA de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccinesafety.html">seguridad</a>, efectividad y calidad en su fabricación necesarios para aprobar su autorización. </p> <p>Esta página incluye detalles sobre las vacunas y el proceso de vacunación, incluyendo dónde puede <a href="https://www.vacunas.gov/search/">encontrar la vacuna</a>. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Infecciones Sistema inmunitario COVID-19 Vaccines Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Afecciones posteriores al COVID-19 (COVID-19 persistente) Enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Pruebas para el COVID-19 Vacunación Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos PDF Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Video NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Farmacéuticos del Sistema de Salud Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Farmacéuticos del Sistema de Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Video Vacuna DPT Vacuna DPaT Vacuna Tdpa Vacuna anticoqueluchosa, antidiftérica y antitetánica Vacuna tetravalente Vacuna triple <p>El <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tetanus.html">tétanos</a>, la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diphtheria.html">difteria</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/whoopingcough.html">tos ferina</a> (tos convulsiva) son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">infecciones bacterianas</a> graves:</p> <ul> <li>El <strong>tétanos</strong> es una enfermedad poco común que requiere tratamiento inmediato en un hospital. Provoca una dolorosa rigidez de los músculos, usualmente en todo el cuerpo. Puede causar un "bloqueo" de la mandíbula</li> <li>La <strong>difteria</strong> suele afectar la nariz y la garganta, pero también puede afectar la piel y otras partes del cuerpo</li> <li>La <strong>tos ferina</strong> puede causar ataques de tos incontrolables. Puede comenzar como un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/commoncold.html">resfrío</a>, pero a diferencia de éste, la tos puede durar semanas o meses</li> </ul> <p>Las vacunas pueden protegerlo de estas enfermedades. Hay tres vacunas combinadas disponibles en los Estados Unidos:</p> <ul> <li><strong>DTaP</strong> (difteria, tétanos y tos ferina): Previene las tres enfermedades. Es para bebés y niños menores de siete años. Hay varias vacunas DTaP diferentes. Algunas de ellas también protegen contra otras enfermedades</li> <li><strong>Tdap</strong> (tétanos, difteria y tos ferina): También previene las tres enfermedades. Se recomienda para niños mayores y adultos</li> <li><strong>Td</strong> (tétanos y difteria): Previene estas dos enfermedades. Se recomienda a niños mayores y adultos. En general, se administra como dosis de refuerzo cada 10 años. También puede recibirla después de cinco años si sufre una herida o quemadura grave o sucia</li> </ul> <p>Algunas personas no deben recibir estas vacunas, incluyendo aquellas que han tenido reacciones graves en el pasado a las vacunas. Si tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/seizures.html">convulsiones</a>, un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neurologicdiseases.html">problema neurológico</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/guillainbarresyndrome.html">síndrome de Guillain-Barré</a>, consulte primero con su profesional de la salud.</p> <p>Las personas con enfermedades menores, como un resfriado, pueden vacunarse. Pero aquellas que están más enfermas pueden tener que esperar hasta sentirse mejor antes de recibir algunas vacunas.</p> <p class="">Centro para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Sistema inmunitario Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Coqueluche, Vacuna DPT, Vacuna Difteria, Vacuna Tdpa, Vacuna Tetravalente, Vacuna Triple bacteriana, Vacuna Tétanos, Vacuna Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Más información Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica PDF Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Inyecciones Vacunación de los niños <h3>¿Qué son las vacunas?</h3> <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html">vacunas</a> son inyecciones, líquidos, pastillas o aerosoles nasales que usted toma para enseñarle al <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">sistema inmunitario</a> de su cuerpo a reconocer y defenderse de gérmenes dañinos. Estos gérmenes pueden ser <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virus </a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">bacterias</a>.</p> <p>Algunos tipos de vacunas contienen gérmenes que causan enfermedades, pero estos gérmenes han sido eliminados o debilitados lo suficiente como para que no enfermen a su hijo. Otras solo contienen una parte del germen. Otros tipos de vacunas incluyen instrucciones para sus células con el fin de fabricar una proteína de un germen.</p> <p>Estas diferentes vacunas son capaces de desencadenar una respuesta inmunitaria que ayuda al cuerpo a combatirlos. El sistema inmunitario de su hijo también recordará el germen y lo atacará si vuelve a invadirlo. Esta protección contra una determinada enfermedad se llama inmunidad.</p> <h3>¿Por qué necesito vacunar a mi hijo?</h3> <p>Los bebés nacen con un sistema inmunitario que puede combatir la mayoría de los gérmenes, pero hay algunas enfermedades graves que no pueden enfrentar. Por ello, necesitan vacunas para fortalecer su sistema inmunitario.</p> <p>En el pasado, estas afecciones mataron o dañaron a muchos bebés, niños y adultos. Pero, con las vacunas, hoy su hijo puede inmunizarse contra estas enfermedades sin tener que enfermarse. Y en el caso de algunas vacunas, la inmunización puede brindarle una mejor respuesta inmunitaria que la que obtendría al contagiarse de la enfermedad.</p> <p>Vacunar a su hijo también protege a los demás. En general, los gérmenes pueden viajar muy rápido a través de una comunidad y enfermar a muchas personas. Si se enferman suficientes personas, puede provocar un brote. Pero cuando se vacuna a suficientes personas contra una determinada afección, es más difícil que esa enfermedad se transmita a otras personas. La comunidad entera tiene menos probabilidades de contraer la enfermedad. Esto se conoce como "inmunidad comunitaria" o "inmunidad colectiva".</p> <p>La inmunidad comunitaria es especialmente importante para las personas que no pueden recibir ciertas vacunas. Por ejemplo, es posible que no puedan recibir una vacuna porque tienen un sistema inmunitario debilitado. Otros pueden ser alérgicos a ciertos ingredientes de la vacuna. Y los bebés recién nacidos son demasiado pequeños para recibir algunas inmunizaciones. La inmunidad comunitaria puede ayudar a protegerlos a todos.</p> <h3>¿Son seguras las vacunas para los niños?</h3> <p>Las vacunas son seguras. Deben pasar por completas pruebas y evaluaciones de seguridad antes de ser aprobadas en los Estados Unidos.</p> <p>A algunas personas les preocupa que las vacunas para niños puedan causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/autismspectrumdisorder.html">trastorno del espectro autista</a>. Pero muchos estudios científicos han analizado esto y no han encontrado ningún vínculo entre las vacunas y el autismo.</p> <h3>¿Pueden las vacunas sobrecargar el sistema inmunitario de mi hijo?</h3> <p>No, las vacunas no sobrecargan el sistema inmunitario. Todos los días, el sistema inmunitario de un niño sano combate con éxito miles de gérmenes. Cuando su hijo recibe vacunas, los gérmenes están debilitados o muertos. Entonces, incluso si reciben varias vacunas en un día, están expuestos a una pequeña cantidad de gérmenes en comparación con lo que encuentran todos los días en su entorno.</p> <h3>¿Cuándo necesito vacunar a mi hijo?</h3> <p>Su hijo recibirá vacunas en las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthcheckup.html">visitas de niño sano</a>. Se administrarán de acuerdo al calendario de vacunación. Este programa enumera las vacunas recomendadas para los niños. Incluye quiénes deben recibir las vacunas, cuántas dosis necesitan y a qué edad deben recibirlas. Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) publican el calendario de vacunas en EE. UU.</p> <p>Seguir el calendario de vacunas permite que su hijo reciba protección contra las enfermedades exactamente en el momento adecuado. Le da a su cuerpo la oportunidad de desarrollar inmunidad antes de exponerse a enfermedades muy graves.</p> Niños y adolescentes Infecciones Sistema inmunitario Childhood Vaccines Difteria Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Infecciones por Haemophilus Paperas Polio y síndrome de post-polio Rotavirus Sarampión Seguridad de las vacunas Tos ferina Tétanos Vacuna para la gripe Vacunación Vacunas contra el COVID-19 Vacunas para el tétanos, difteria y tos ferina Varicela Chicos, Vacunas Niño, Inmunización del Niño, Vacunación del Vacunación del niño Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Herramientas para evaluar la salud Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Niños/as Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding Uterine Bleeding <p>Menstruation, or period, is a woman's monthly bleeding. Abnormal vaginal bleeding is different from normal menstrual periods. It could be bleeding that is between periods, is very heavy, or lasts much longer than usual. It also includes bleeding that happens before puberty or after menopause. Causes can include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinefibroids.html">Uterine fibroids</a> or polyps</li> <li>Hormone problems</li> <li>Hormone pills, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth control pills</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hormonereplacementtherapy.html">hormone replacement therapy</a> (menopausal hormone therapy)</li> <li>Cancer of the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html">cervix</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ovariancancer.html">ovaries</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinecancer.html">uterus</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html">vagina</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/thyroiddiseases.html">Thyroid problems</a></li> </ul> <p>Bleeding during pregnancy can have several different causes. It is not always serious, but to be safe you should contact your health care provider right away.</p> <p>Pelvic exams, blood tests, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>, and other procedures can help your health care provider diagnose the problem. Treatment depends on the cause. Treatments may include medicines, hormones, and surgery.</p> Women Symptoms Female Reproductive System Sangrado vaginal Uterine Hemorrhage Spanish Menstruation Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Uterine bleeding Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers Nemours Foundation Specifics March of Dimes Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Harvard Medical School <h3>What is vaginal cancer?</h3> <p>Vaginal cancer is a rare type of cancer that starts in the vagina. The vagina is the canal leading from your cervix (the opening of your uterus) to the outside of your body.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop vaginal cancer?</h3> <p>You are more likely to develop vaginal cancer if:</p> <ul> <li>You're age 60 or older.</li> <li>You've had certain types of human papillomavirus (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html">HPV</a>) infections.</li> <li>You were exposed to a medicine called DES (diethylstilbestrol) before you were born. Between 1940-1971, DES was sometimes prescribed to prevent miscarriages. DES was later linked to different health problems, including vaginal cancer.</li> <li>You have had abnormal cells in your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginaldiseases.html">vagina</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervixdisorders.html">cervix</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/uterinediseases.html">uterus</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of vaginal cancer?</h3> <p>Vaginal cancer often doesn't have early symptoms. However, see your health care provider if you notice:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html">Vaginal bleeding</a> that is not your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menstruation.html">period</a></li> <li>A vaginal lump</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pelvicpain.html">Pelvic pain</a></li> <li>Pain during sex</li> <li>Pain while urinating (peeing)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">Constipation</a> or blood in your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gastrointestinalbleeding.html">stool</a> (poop) or urine (pee)</li> </ul> <h3>How is vaginal cancer diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have vaginal cancer, your provider will use tests that examine the vagina and other organs in your pelvis. These tests may include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/womenshealthcheckup.html">A pelvic exam</a>. Your provider may also do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pap-smear/">Pap test</a> and/or an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/human-papillomavirus-hpv-test/">HPV test</a> during your pelvic exam.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/colposcopy/">Colposcopy</a>, a procedure to examine your cervix, vagina, and vulva.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/biopsy.html">Biopsy</a>, a procedure to remove some cells so they can be checked for cancer.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for vaginal cancer?</h3> <p>Vaginal cancer can often be cured if it is found early. Treatments for vaginal cancer may include surgery, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/radiationtherapy.html">radiation therapy</a>, and/or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cancerchemotherapy.html">chemotherapy</a>.</p> <h3>Can vaginal cancer be prevented?</h3> <p>Vaccines that protect against HPV infection may reduce your risk of vaginal cancer. The vaccines provide the most protection if you get them before you are exposed to HPV. So it's best to get vaccinated before you become sexually active.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Women Female Reproductive System Cáncer de vagina Vaginal Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Vaginal Diseases Vulvar Cancer Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Children National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here American Cancer Society <p>Vaginal problems are some of the most common reasons women go to the doctor. They may have symptoms such as:</p><ul> <li>Itching</li> <li>Burning</li> <li>Pain</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalbleeding.html">Abnormal bleeding</a></li> <li>Discharge</li> </ul> <p>One common problem is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html">vaginitis</a>, an inflammation of the vagina. Other problems that affect the vagina include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginalcancer.html">vaginal cancer</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvarcancer.html">vulvar cancer</a>. Treatment of vaginal problems depends on the cause.</p> Women Female Reproductive System Enfermedades de la vagina Vaginal Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Sexually Transmitted Infections Vaginal Bleeding Vaginal Cancer Vaginitis Vulvar Cancer Vulvar Disorders Yeast Infections Vaginal Infections Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Health Check Tools American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers Nemours Foundation Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Treatments and Therapies American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Journal Articles Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Food and Drug Administration Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH <h3>What is vaginitis?</h3> <p>Vaginitis, also called vulvovaginitis, is an inflammation or infection of the vagina. It can also affect the vulva, which is the external part of a woman's genitals. Vaginitis can cause itching, pain, discharge, and odor.</p> <p>Vaginitis is common, especially in women in their reproductive years. It usually happens when there is a change in the balance of bacteria or yeast that are normally found in your vagina. There are different types of vaginitis, and they have different causes, symptoms, and treatments.</p> <h3>What causes vaginitis?</h3> <p>Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in women ages 15-44. It happens when there is an imbalance between the "good" and "harmful" bacteria that are normally found in a woman's vagina. Many things can change the balance of bacteria, including:</p><ul> <li>Taking antibiotics</li> <li>Douching</li> <li>Using an intrauterine device (IUD)</li> <li>Having unprotected sex with a new partner</li> <li>Having many sexual partners</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/yeastinfections.html">Yeast infections</a> (candidiasis) happen when too much candida grows in the vagina. Candida is the scientific name for yeast. It is a fungus that lives almost everywhere, including in your body. You may have too much growing in the vagina because of:</p><ul> <li>Antibiotics</li> <li>Pregnancy</li> <li>Diabetes, especially if it is not well-controlled</li> <li>Corticosteroid medicines</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/trichomoniasis.html">Trichomoniasis</a> can also cause vaginitis. Trichomoniasis is a common <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infection</a> (STI). It is caused by a parasite.</p> <p>You can also have vaginitis if you are allergic or sensitive to certain products that you use. Examples include vaginal sprays, douches, spermicides, soaps, detergents, or fabric softeners. They can cause burning, itching, and discharge.</p> <p>Hormonal changes can also cause vaginal irritation. Examples are when you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or when you have gone through menopause.</p> <p>Sometimes you can have more than one cause of vaginitis at the same time.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of vaginitis?</h3> <p>The symptoms of vaginitis depend on which type you have.</p> <p>With BV, you may not have symptoms. You could have a thin white or gray vaginal discharge. There may be an odor, such as a strong fish-like odor, especially after sex.</p> <p>Yeast infections produce a thick, white discharge from the vagina that can look like cottage cheese. The discharge can be watery and often has no smell. Yeast infections usually cause the vagina and vulva to become itchy and red.</p> <p>You may not have symptoms when you have trichomoniasis. If you do have them, they include itching, burning, and soreness of the vagina and vulva. You may have burning during urination. You could also have gray-green discharge, which may smell bad.</p> <h3>How is the cause of vaginitis diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out the cause of your symptoms, your health care provider may:</p><ul> <li>Ask you about your medical history</li> <li>Do a pelvic exam</li> <li>Look for vaginal discharge, noting its color, qualities, and any odor</li> <li>Study a sample of your vaginal fluid under a microscope</li> </ul> <p>In some cases, you may need more tests.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for vaginitis?</h3> <p>The treatment depends on which type of vaginitis you have.</p> <p>BV is treatable with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">antibiotics</a>. You may get pills to swallow, or cream or gel that you put in your vagina. During treatment, you should use a condom during sex or not have sex at all.</p> <p>Yeast infections are usually treated with a cream or with medicine that you put inside your vagina. You can buy over-the-counter treatments for yeast infections, but you need to be sure that you do have a yeast infection and not another type of vaginitis. See your health care provider if this is the first time you have had symptoms. Even if you have had yeast infections before, it is a good idea to call your health care provider before using an over-the-counter treatment.</p> <p>The treatment for trichomoniasis is usually a single-dose antibiotic. Both you and your partner(s) should be treated, to prevent spreading the infection to others and to keep from getting it again.</p> <p>If your vaginitis is due to an allergy or sensitivity to a product, you need to figure out which product is causing the problem. It could be a product that you started using recently. Once you figure it out, you should stop using the product.</p> <p>If the cause of your vaginitis is a hormonal change, your health care provider may give you estrogen cream to help with your symptoms.</p> <h3>Can vaginitis cause other health problems?</h3> <p>It is important to treat BV and trichomoniasis, because having either of them can increase your risk for getting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a> or another STI. If you are pregnant, BV or trichomoniasis can increase your risk for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pretermlabor.html">preterm labor</a> and preterm birth.</p> <h3>Can vaginitis be prevented?</h3> <p>To help prevent vaginitis:</p><ul> <li>Do not douche or use vaginal sprays.</li> <li>Use a latex condom when having sex. If your or your partner is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/latexallergy.html">allergic to latex</a>, you can use polyurethane condoms.</li> <li>Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture.</li> <li>Wear cotton underwear.</li> </ul> Women Female Reproductive System Vaginitis Vaginitis Vulvovaginitis Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Trichomoniasis Vaginal Diseases Yeast Infections Bacterial Vaginosis Vaginal Yeast Infection Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Journal Articles Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Symptoms Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Treatments and Therapies Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH <b>¿Qué es la vaginitis?</b> <p>La vaginitis, también llamada vulvovaginitis, es una inflamación o infección de la vagina. También puede afectar la vulva, la parte externa de los genitales de la mujer. La vaginitis puede causar picazón, dolor, secreción y olor.</p> <p>La vaginitis es común, especialmente en las mujeres en edad reproductiva. Por lo general, ocurre cuando hay un cambio en el equilibrio de bacterias o levaduras que normalmente se encuentran en su vagina. Hay diferentes tipos de vaginitis, las que tienen distintas causas, síntomas y tratamientos.</p> <b>¿Cuál es la causa de la vaginitis?</b> <p>La vaginosis bacteriana es la infección vaginal más común en las mujeres entre 15 y 44 años. Ocurre cuando hay un desequilibrio entre las bacterias "buenas" y "malas" que normalmente se encuentran en la vagina de una mujer. Muchas cosas pueden cambiar el equilibrio de estas bacterias, incluyendo:</p><ul> <li>Tomar antibióticos</li> <li>Duchas vaginales</li> <li>Usar un dispositivo intrauterino </li> <li>Tener relaciones sexuales sin protección con una nueva pareja</li> <li>Tener muchas parejas sexuales</li> </ul> <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html">infecciones por cándida</a> (candidiasis) ocurren cuando demasiada de esta levadura crece en la vagina. Su nombre científico es cándida. Es un hongo que vive en casi todas partes, incluso en su cuerpo. Usted puede tener demasiado crecimiento en la vagina debido a:</p><ul> <li>Antibióticos</li> <li>Embarazo</li> <li>Diabetes, especialmente si no está bien controlada</li> <li>Medicamentos corticoides</li> </ul> <p>La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/trichomoniasis.html">tricomoniasis</a> también puede causar vaginitis. La tricomoniasis es una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS) común causada por un parásito.</p> <p>También puede tener vaginitis si usted es alérgica o es sensible a ciertos productos. Ejemplos incluyen aerosoles vaginales, duchas, espermicidas, jabones, detergentes o suavizantes de telas. Pueden causar ardor, picazón y secreción.</p> <p>Los cambios hormonales también pueden causar irritación vaginal. Por ejemplo, cuando usted está embarazada o amamantando, o cuando usted está pasando por la menopausia.</p> <p> A veces puede haber más de una causa de vaginitis.</p> <b>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de la vaginitis?</b> <p>Los síntomas de la vaginitis dependen del tipo que tenga.</p> <p> En la vaginitis bacteriana, es posible que no tenga síntomas. Usted podría tener un ligero flujo vaginal blanco o gris. También puede haber olor, similar a un fuerte olor a pescado, especialmente después de tener relaciones sexuales.</p> <p>Las infecciones por levaduras producen una descarga espesa y blanca de la vagina, que puede parecerse al queso cottage. La descarga puede ser acuosa y a menudo no tiene olor. Las infecciones por levaduras generalmente causan enrojecimiento y picazón en la vagina y la vulva.</p> <p>Es posible que no tenga síntomas si tiene tricomoniasis. Si los tiene, estos incluyen picazón, ardor y dolor de la vagina y la vulva. Puede tener ardor al orinar. También podría tener una descarga color gris verdoso que puede tener mal olor.</p> <b>¿Cómo se diagnostica la causa de la vaginitis?</b> <p>Para averiguar la causa de sus síntomas, su médico puede:</p><ul> <li>Preguntarle sobre su historia clínica</li> <li>Realizar un examen pélvico</li> <li>Observar su flujo vaginal, notando su color, consistencia y si tiene olor</li> <li>Estudiar una muestra de su flujo vaginal bajo el microscopio</li> </ul> <p>En algunos casos, es posible que necesite más pruebas.</p> <b>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para la vaginitis?</b> <p>El tratamiento depende del tipo de vaginitis que tenga.</p> <p>La vaginitis bacteriana se trata con antibióticos. Pueden recetarle píldoras o una crema o gel para colocar en su vagina. Mientras dure el tratamiento debe usar condón cuando tenga relaciones sexuales, o no tener relaciones sexuales.</p> <p>Las infecciones por levaduras generalmente se tratan con una crema o con medicamentos que se introducen en la vagina. Usted puede comprar tratamientos de venta libre para infecciones por levaduras, pero debe estar segura que usted tiene una infección por levadura y no otro tipo de vaginitis. Consulte a su proveedor de atención médica si es la primera vez que presenta síntomas. Es una buena idea llamar a su proveedor de atención médica antes de usar un tratamiento sin receta. Incluso si anteriormente ha tenido infecciones de levadura.</p> <p>El tratamiento de la tricomoniasis suele ser un antibiótico de dosis única. Tanto usted como su pareja(s) deben ser tratados para prevenir el contagio de la infección a otros y para evitar que vuelva a infectarse.</p> <p>Si su vaginitis se debe a una alergia o sensibilidad a un producto, debe determinar qué producto está causando el problema. Puede ser un producto que comenzó a utilizar recientemente. Una vez que lo averigüe, debe dejar de usarlo.</p> <p>Si la causa de su vaginitis es un cambio hormonal, su médico puede darle crema de estrógeno para ayudar con sus síntomas.</p> <b>¿Puede la vaginitis causar otros problemas de salud?</b> <p>Es importante tratar la vaginitis bacteriana y la tricomoniasis, ya que cualquiera de ellas puede aumentar el riesgo de contraer el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> u otra <a href="../spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html" tid="2144">infección de transmisión sexual (ITS)</a>. Si está embarazada, la vaginitis bacteriana o la tricomoniasis pueden aumentar el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pretermlabor.html">trabajo de parto prematuro</a> y de nacimiento prematuro.</p> <b>¿Cómo se puede prevenir la vaginitis?</b> <p>Para ayudar a prevenir la vaginitis:</p><ul> <li>No se haga duchas vaginales ni use desodorantes íntimos</li> <li>Use un condón de látex cuando tenga relaciones sexuales. Si usted o su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al látex</a>, puede usar condones de poliuretano </li> <li>Evite ropa que mantenga el calor y la humedad</li> <li>Use ropa interior de algodón</li> </ul> Mujeres Sistema reproductor femenino Vaginitis Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Coccidioidomycosis <p>Valley Fever is a disease caused by a fungus (or mold) called Coccidioides. The fungi live in the soil of dry areas like the southwestern U.S. You get it from inhaling the spores of the fungus. The infection cannot spread from person to person.</p> <p>Anyone can get Valley Fever. But it's most common among older adults, especially those 60 and older. People who have recently moved to an area where it occurs are at highest risk for infection. Other people at higher risk include:</p><ul> <li>Workers in jobs that expose them to soil dust. These include construction workers, agricultural workers, and military forces doing field training.</li> <li>African Americans and Asians</li> <li>Women in their third trimester of pregnancy</li> <li>People with weak immune systems</li> </ul> <p>Valley Fever is often mild, with no symptoms. If you have symptoms, they may include a flu-like illness, with fever, cough, headache, rash, and muscle aches. Most people get better within several weeks or months. A small number of people may develop a chronic lung or widespread infection.</p> <p>Valley Fever is diagnosed by testing your blood, other body fluids, or tissues. Many people with the acute infection get better without treatment. In some cases, doctors may prescribe antifungal drugs for acute infections. Severe infections require antifungal drugs.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Fiebre del valle Coccidioidomycosis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Fungal Infections Molds Coccidioidomycosis Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia <p>La varicela es una infección causada por el virus de la varicela zoster. La mayoría de los casos se da en niños menores de 15 años de edad, pero también puede observarse en niños más grandes y adultos. Se disemina muy fácilmente de una persona a otra. </p> <p>El síntoma más típico de esta enfermedad es una molesta erupción en la piel que causa picazón. Esta erupción, se transforma en ampollas con líquido que luego forman costras. Generalmente, aparece en la cara, pecho, espalda y luego se extiende al resto del cuerpo. Otros síntomas pueden incluir:</p><ul> <li>Fiebre</li> <li>Dolor de cabeza</li> <li>Cansancio</li> <li>Falta de apetito</li> </ul> <p>La enfermedad suele ser leve y dura de 5 a 10 días. Las cremas y lociones con calamina y baños de avena pueden ayudar con la picazón. El acetaminofén puede ayudar a tratar la fiebre. No tome aspirina. La combinación de este medicamento con la varicela puede causar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/reyesyndrome.html">síndrome de Reye</a>. </p> <p>Algunas veces, la varicela, causa problemas serios. Los adultos, bebés, adolescentes, embarazadas y aquellos con sistemas inmunes debilitados suelen padecer casos más graves. Quizás necesiten tomar medicamentos antivirales. </p> <p>Generalmente, una vez que se adquiere varicela, el virus permanece en el cuerpo aún después de haber sanado. Probablemente no tendrá varicela otra vez, pero el virus puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/shingles.html">culebrilla</a> en los adultos. Una vacuna contra la varicela puede ayudar a prevenir la mayoría de los casos o hacerlos menos severos. </p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Niños y adolescentes Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Chickenpox Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Culebrilla (herpes zóster) Vacunas para los niños Virus de la varicela Zoster Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <p>Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that you can see just under the skin. They usually occur in the legs, but also can form in other parts of the body. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hemorrhoids.html">Hemorrhoids</a> are a type of varicose vein.</p> <p>Your veins have one-way valves that help keep blood flowing toward your heart. If the valves are weak or damaged, blood can back up and pool in your veins. This causes the veins to swell, which can lead to varicose veins.</p> <p>Varicose veins are very common. You are more at risk if you are older, are female, have obesity, don't exercise, or have a family history of varicose veins. They can also be more common in pregnancy.</p> <p>Doctors often diagnose varicose veins from a physical exam. Sometimes you may need additional tests.</p> <p>Exercising, losing weight, elevating your legs when resting, and not crossing them when sitting can help keep varicose veins from getting worse. Wearing loose clothing and avoiding long periods of standing can also help. If varicose veins are painful or you don't like the way they look, your doctor may recommend procedures to remove them.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Várices Varicose Veins Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Japanese Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Spider Veins Veins Treatments and Therapies American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Find an Expert American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Vascular Cures Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Find an Expert Society of Interventional Radiology Reference Desk Vascular Cures Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Men Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Images VisualDX Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Children Nemours Foundation Women Nemours Foundation <h3>What are vascular diseases?</h3> <p>Your vascular system is your body's network of blood vessels. It includes your:</p><ul> <li>Arteries, which carry oxygen-rich blood from your heart to your tissues and organs</li> <li>Veins, which carry the blood and waste products back to your heart</li> <li>Capillaries, which are tiny blood vessels that connect your small arteries to your small veins. The walls of the capillaries are thin and leaky, to allow for an exchange of materials between your tissues and blood.</li> </ul> <p>Vascular diseases are conditions which affect your vascular system. They are common and can be serious. Some types include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html">Aneurysm</a> - a bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">Atherosclerosis</a> - a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodclots.html">Blood clots</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/deepveinthrombosis.html">deep vein thrombosis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pulmonaryembolism.html">pulmonary embolism</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">Coronary artery disease</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carotidarterydisease.html">carotid artery disease</a>, diseases that involve the narrowing or blockage of an artery. The cause is usually a buildup of plaque.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/raynaudphenomenon.html">Raynaud phenomenon</a> - a disorder that causes the blood vessels to narrow when you are cold or feeling stressed</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">Stroke</a> - a serious condition that happens when blood flow to your brain stops.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/varicoseveins.html">Varicose veins</a> - swollen, twisted veins that you can see just under the skin</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vasculitis.html">Vasculitis</a> - inflammation of the blood vessels</li> </ul> <h3>What causes vascular diseases?</h3> <p>The causes of vascular diseases depend on the specific disease. These causes include:</p><ul> <li>Genetics</li> <li>Heart diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">high cholesterol</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a></li> <li>Infection</li> <li>Injury</li> <li>Medicines, including hormones</li> </ul> <p>Sometimes the cause is unknown.</p> <h3>Who is at risk for vascular diseases?</h3> <p>The risk factors for vascular diseases can vary, depending on the specific disease. But some of the more common risk factors include:</p><ul> <li>Age - your risk of some diseases goes up as you get older</li> <li>Conditions that can affect the heart and blood vessels, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a> or high cholesterol</li> <li>Family history of vascular or heart diseases</li> <li>Infection or injury that damages your veins</li> <li>Lack of exercise</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">Obesity</a></li> <li>Pregnancy</li> <li>Sitting or standing still for long periods of time</li> <li>Smoking</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of vascular diseases?</h3> <p>The symptoms for each disease are different.</p> <h3>How are vascular diseases diagnosed?</h3> <p>To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and medical history. You may have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a> and/or blood tests.</p> <h3>How are vascular diseases treated?</h3> <p>Which treatment you get depends on which vascular disease you have and how severe it is. Types of treatments for vascular diseases include:</p><ul> <li>Lifestyle changes, such as eating a heart-healthy diet and getting more exercise</li> <li>Medicines, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodpressuremedicines.html">blood pressure medicines</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">blood thinners</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">cholesterol medicines</a>, and clot-dissolving drugs. In some cases, providers use a catheter to send medicine directly to a blood vessel.</li> <li>Non-surgical procedures, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/angioplasty.html">angioplasty</a>, stenting, and vein ablation</li> <li>Surgery</li> </ul> <h3>Can vascular diseases be prevented?</h3> <p>There are steps you can take to help prevent vascular diseases:</p><ul> <li>Make healthy lifestyle changes, such as eating a heart-healthy diet and getting more exercise</li> <li>Don't smoke. If you are already a smoker, talk to your health care provider for help in finding the best way for you to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">quit</a>.</li> <li>Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol in check</li> <li>If you have diabetes, control your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodglucose.html">blood sugar</a></li> <li>Try not to sit or stand for up long periods of time. If you do need to sit all day, get up and move around every hour or so. If you are traveling on a long trip, you can also wear compression stockings and regularly stretch your legs.</li> </ul> Blood, Heart and Circulation Problemas circulatorios Vascular Diseases Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Ukrainian National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Aneurysms Arteriovenous Malformations Atherosclerosis Blood Clots Carotid Artery Disease Coronary Artery Disease Deep Vein Thrombosis Heart Attack Heart Health Tests Peripheral Arterial Disease Pulmonary Embolism Raynaud Phenomenon Stroke Varicose Veins Vasculitis Cardiovascular Diseases Circulatory Disorders Hemangioma Veins Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Heart Association Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Treatments and Therapies Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Vascular Cures Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Reference Desk Vascular Cures Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Society of Interventional Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Texas Heart Institute Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Images VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Ophthalmology Start Here Vascular Cures Video Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Angiitis <p>Vasculitis is an inflammation of the blood vessels. It happens when the body's immune system attacks the blood vessel by mistake. It can happen because of an infection, a medicine, or another disease. The cause is often unknown.</p> <p>Vasculitis can affect arteries, veins and capillaries. Arteries are vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body's organs. Veins are the vessels that carry blood back to the heart. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect the small arteries and veins. </p> <p>When a blood vessel becomes inflamed, it can:</p><ul> <li> Narrow, making it more difficult for blood to get through.</li> <li> Close off completely so that blood can't get through.</li> <li> Stretch and weaken so much that it bulges. The bulge is called an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/aneurysms.html">aneurysm</a>. If it bursts, it can cause dangerous bleeding inside the body.</li> </ul> <p>Symptoms of vasculitis can vary, but usually include fever, swelling and a general sense of feeling ill. The main goal of treatment is to stop the inflammation. Steroids and other medicines to stop inflammation are often helpful.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Vasculitis Vasculitis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Behcet's Syndrome Giant Cell Arteritis Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Polymyalgia Rheumatica Vascular Diseases Angiitis Specifics Vasculitis Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert Autoimmune Association Specifics Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Vasculitis Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Vasculitis Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Treatments and Therapies Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Specifics Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American College of Rheumatology Children National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse NIH Children National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Specifics Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Find an Expert National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Vasculitis Foundation Start Here American College of Rheumatology Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Reference Desk Vasculitis Foundation Start Here National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH <p>La vasculitis es una inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos. Ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario del cuerpo ataca a los vasos sanguíneos por equivocación. Puede ocurrir por una infección, una medicina u otra enfermedad. La causa es a menudo desconocida. </p> <p>La vasculitis puede afectar las arterias, venas y capilares. Las arterias son vasos que trasladan la sangre desde el corazón hacia los órganos del cuerpo. Las venas son vasos que trasladan la sangre de regreso al corazón. Los capilares son pequeños vasos sanguíneos que conectan a las arterias y las venas de menor tamaño.</p> <p>Cuando un vaso sanguíneo se inflama, puede:</p> <ul> <li> Estrecharse y hacer más difícil el paso de la sangre </li> <li> Cerrarse completamente por lo que la sangre no puede pasar </li> <li>Estirarse y debilitarse tanto que brotan. A este ensanchamiento se le llama <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/aneurysms.html">aneurisma</a>. Si se revienta, puede causar una peligrosa hemorragia al interior del cuerpo </li> </ul> <p> Los síntomas de una vasculitis pueden variar, pero suelen incluir fiebre, inflamación y una sensación general de enfermedad. La meta principal del tratamiento es detener la inflamación. Los esteroides y otros medicamentos para detener la inflamación son a menudo útiles.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre </p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Vasculitis Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Arteritis de células gigantes Granulomatosis con poliangeítis Polimialgia reumática Problemas circulatorios Síndrome de Behcet Venas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Alergias, Asma e Inmunología Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <p>A vasectomy is a type of minor surgery that prevents a man from being able to get a woman pregnant. It is a permanent form of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">birth control</a>.</p> <p>A vasectomy works by cutting the vas deferens, which are the tubes that carry the sperm out of the testicles. Then the sperm can no longer reach the semen. Semen is the fluid that the penis ejaculates (releases during orgasm). Since there are no sperm, the man cannot get a woman pregnant.</p> <p>The surgery is quick; it usually takes less than 30 minutes. You will probably be able to go home the same day. You may have some discomfort, bruising, and swelling for a few days. In most cases, you will fully recover in less than a week.</p> <p>A vasectomy is one of the most effective forms of birth control. But it takes about three months (or about 20 ejaculations) before it is effective. You will still need to use other birth control until you know that your semen doesn't have any more sperm in it. After two to three months, your health care provider will test your semen to make sure that there are no sperm in it.</p> <p>Having a vasectomy does not affect your sex life. It does not decrease your sex drive. And it will not affect your ability to get an erection or have an orgasm.</p> <p>Vasectomies can sometimes be reversed, but not always. It is done with a procedure to reconnect the vas deferens. Another option if you decide to have children later might be to have sperm taken from your testicles. The sperm could then be used for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">in vitro fertilization</a> (IVF). However, this may not always work. It's also important to know that both a vasectomy reversal and IVF are expensive.</p> <p>Having a vasectomy does not protect you from <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs), such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>. Using a condom every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex is the only way to protect against STIs.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Pregnancy and Reproduction Men Male Reproductive System Vasectomía Vasectomy Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Hindi Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Birth Control Tubal Ligation Male Sterilization Sterilization Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Cirugía de esterilización masculina NSV Vasectomía sin bisturí <p>Una vasectomía es un tipo de cirugía menor que impide que un hombre pueda dejar embarazada a una mujer. Es una forma permanente de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">control de la natalidad</a>.</p> <p>Una vasectomía funciona cortando los conductos deferentes, que son los conductos que transportan los espermatozoides fuera de los testículos. Así, los espermatozoides no pueden llegar al semen. El semen es el líquido que el pene eyacula (expulsa durante el orgasmo). Como no hay espermatozoides, el hombre no puede dejar embarazada a una mujer.</p> <p>La cirugía es rápida; normalmente tarda menos de 30 minutos. Es probable que pueda regresar a casa el mismo día. Es posible tener algunas molestias, moretones e inflamación durante unos días. En la mayoría de los casos, se recuperará por completo en menos de una semana.</p> <p>Una vasectomía es una de las formas más efectivas de control de la natalidad. Pero se necesitan unos tres meses (o unas 20 eyaculaciones) antes de que sea eficaz. Aún necesitará usar otro método anticonceptivo hasta que sepa que su semen no contiene más espermatozoides. Después de dos o tres meses, su profesional de la salud analizará su semen para asegurarse de que no contenga espermatozoides.</p> <p>Tener una vasectomía no afecta la vida sexual. No disminuye el deseo sexual. Y no afecta su capacidad para lograr una erección o tener un orgasmo.</p> <p>En ocasiones, las vasectomías se pueden revertir, pero no siempre. Se realiza con un procedimiento para reconectar los conductos deferentes. Si decide tener hijos más adelante, otra opción podría ser que extraer esperma de los testículos. Luego, el esperma podría usarse para la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/assistedreproductivetechnology.html">fertilización in vitro</a>. Sin embargo, es posible que esto no siempre funcione. También es importante saber que tanto la reversión de la vasectomía como la fertilización in vitro son costosas.</p> <p>Realizarse una vasectomía no protege contra <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">infecciones de transmisión sexual</a> (ITS), como el VIH. Usar un condón cada vez que tenga sexo anal, vaginal u oral es la única forma de protegerse contra las ITS.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano</p> Embarazo y reproducción Hombres Sistema reproductor masculino Vasectomy Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Control de la natalidad y contracepción Ligadura de trompas Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH <p>A vegetarian diet focuses on plants for food. These include fruits, vegetables, dried beans and peas, grains, seeds and nuts. There is no single type of vegetarian diet. Instead, vegetarian eating patterns usually fall into the following groups:</p><ul> <li> The vegan diet, which excludes all meat and animal products</li> <li> The lacto vegetarian diet, which includes plant foods plus dairy products</li> <li> The lacto-ovo vegetarian diet, which includes both dairy products and eggs</li> </ul> <p>People who follow vegetarian diets can get all the nutrients they need. However, they must be careful to eat a wide variety of foods to meet their nutritional needs. Nutrients vegetarians may need to focus on include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryproteins.html">protein</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/iron.html">iron</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a>, zinc and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html">vitamin B12</a>. </p> <p class="">United States Department of Agriculture</p> Food and Nutrition Dieta vegetariana Vegetarians Diet, Vegetarian Spanish Nutrition Vegan Diet Vegans Specifics Department of Agriculture Teenagers Nemours Foundation Related Issues Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Department of Agriculture Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Start Here Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Specifics National Library of Medicine Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Women Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Teenagers Children Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Journal Articles Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Vejiga espasmódica Vejiga espástica Vejiga hiperreactiva Vejiga inestable Vejiga irritable <p>Se dice que una vejiga es hiperactiva cuando expulsa orina en el momento equivocado. Si una persona experimenta dos o más de estos síntomas, puede ser que tenga una vejiga hiperactiva:</p><ul> <li>Orinar ocho o más veces al día o más de dos veces a la noche</li> <li>Ganas repentinas de orinar y fuertes necesidades de orinar inmediatamente </li> <li>Pérdida de orina luego de haber tenido ganas repentinas de orinar</li> </ul> <p>También puede presentarse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/urinaryincontinence.html">incontinencia</a> o pérdida del control de la vejiga. La mayoría de las veces, las causas se desconocen pero algunos problemas que afecten los nervios, beber demasiado líquido o cafeína pueden ser algunas. </p> <p>El doctor puede recetar un remedio que relaje los músculos y los nervios. Estos medicamentos pueden ser pastillas, líquidos o parches. Algunos efectos secundarios de estas medicinas pueden ser ojos y boca secos y estreñimiento. Para lidiar con estos efectos secundarios en los ojos, se pueden usar gotas (colirios). Para el problema de la boca seca, se puede masticar goma de mascar sin azúcar o chupar un caramelo sin azúcar y tomar pequeños sorbos de agua durante el día. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales</p> Riñones y sistema urinario Overactive Bladder Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades de la vejiga Incontinencia urinaria Espasmódica, Vejiga Espástica, Vejiga Hiperreactiva, Vejiga Inestable, Vejiga Irritable, Vejiga Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Centro Coordinador Nacional de Información sobre Enfermedades de los Riñones y de las Vías Urinarias NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH <p>Las verrugas son crecimientos del tejido en la piel causados por una infección por el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html">virus del papiloma humano</a> o VPH. Los tipos de verrugas incluyen:</p><ul> <li> Verrugas comunes, que suelen aparecer en los dedos </li> <li> Verrugas plantares, que aparecen en las plantas de los pies </li> <li> <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalwarts.html">Verrugas genitales</a>, una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS)</li> <li>Verrugas planas, que aparecen en lugares donde se afeita con frecuencia </li> </ul> <p>En los niños, las verrugas suelen desaparecer en forma espontánea. En los adultos, tienden a permanecer. Si duelen o molestan o si se multiplican, es posible eliminarlas. Los tratamientos químicos de la piel suelen funcionar. En caso contrario, hay varios tratamientos de congelamiento, cirugía y rayos láser que eliminan las verrugas.</p> Infecciones Piel, cabello y uñas Warts Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Cirujanos del Pie y Tobillo Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Condiloma Verrugas venéreas <p>Las verrugas genitales son una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">infecciones de transmisión sexual</a> (ITS) causadas por el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hpv.html">virus del papiloma humano</a> (VPH). En general, las verrugas aparecen como un pequeño bulto o grupo de bultos en el área genital. Son de color carne y pueden ser planas o verse desiguales como la coliflor. Algunas verrugas genitales son tan pequeñas que no pueden verse a simple vista. En las mujeres, las verrugas suelen aparecer dentro o alrededor de la vagina, en el cuello uterino o alrededor del ano. En los hombres, las verrugas genitales son menos comunes. Pueden aparecer en la punta del pene, alrededor del ano, en el escroto, muslo o en la ingle. </p> <p>Las verrugas genitales pueden contagiarse durante relaciones sexuales orales, vaginales o anales con una pareja infectada. El uso correcto de preservativos de látex reduce enormemente, aunque no elimina, el riesgo de adquirir y diseminar el VPH. Si su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al látex</a>, puede ayudar usar condones de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral. Las vacunas contra el VPH pueden ayudar a prevenir algunas infecciones por este virus que causan verrugas genitales. </p> <p>Su proveedor de cuidados de salud generalmente diagnostica estas verrugas al examinarlas. Las verrugas pueden desaparecer espontáneamente. Cuando no es así, el médico puede tratarlas o extraerlas. El VPH permanece en el cuerpo aún después del tratamiento, de modo que las verrugas pueden aparecer nuevamente.</p> <p class="">Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Depto. de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU. </p> Infecciones Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor femenino Sistema reproductor masculino Genital Warts Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones de transmisión sexual Virus del papiloma humano Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Imágenes Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Prevención y factores de riesgo Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Sociedad Estadounidense de Cirujanos de Colon y Recto Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Service members and veterans may face some different <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/veteransandmilitaryhealth.html">health issues</a> than civilians. Their families may also face some unique challenges, such as:</p> <ul> <li>Being separated from their loved ones.</li> <li>Worrying about a loved ones' safety in combat zones.</li> <li>Coping as a single parent while their partner is deployed.</li> <li>Having to move frequently.</li> <li>Helping their loved one deal with Illnesses and injuries from combat, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">disabilities</a>. This can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/caregiverhealth.html">caregiver stress</a>.</li> <li>Helping their loved one cope with the mental health effects of military service. These could include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">post-traumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD).</li> </ul> <p>Dealing with these challenges can be difficult. Some possible sources of help include:</p> <ul> <li>Getting support from your family and community</li> <li>Using military outreach programs, which help families feel less isolated</li> <li>Professional counseling</li> </ul> Population Groups Salud de la familia del veterano y personal militar Military Family Veterans Family Health Military Personnel Spanish Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Learn More Department of Veterans Affairs Learn More Department of Defense Learn More Defense Health Agency Learn More American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Learn More American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Find an Expert Defense Health Agency Journal Articles Learn More Department of Veterans Affairs Related Issues Learn More Veterans Health Administration <p>Military service members and veterans have made sacrifices to our country, and they may face lots of different health issues. Some of the most common health problems they may have include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronicpain.html">chronic pain</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sleepdisorders.html">sleep disorders</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mentaldisorders.html">mental health disorders</a>.</p> <p>But they may also face some different health risks than civilians. Serving to protect our country is a special job, and along with it comes some special risks and job hazards. These include different types of injuries and health problems from exposures.</p> <h3>What types of injuries do service members face?</h3> <p>During their service, members are at risk for various injuries. These injuries can happen during training or while in combat. Sometimes the injuries are life-threatening or serious enough to cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disabilities.html">disability</a>. Others may not be as serious, but they may be painful and can affect daily life.</p> <p>Some of the specific types of injuries that service members may face include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">Sprains and strains</a>, especially in the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ankleinjuriesanddisorders.html">ankles</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kneeinjuriesanddisorders.html">knees</a>. These injuries are often caused by exercise and running.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/backinjuries.html">Back</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shoulderinjuriesanddisorders.html">shoulder</a> injuries, often from lifting and carrying.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tinnitus.html">Tinnitus</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hearingdisordersanddeafness.html">hearing loss</a>, typically from exposure to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/noise.html">noise</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headinjuries.html">Head injuries</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html">traumatic brain injuries</a> (TBIs).</li> <li>Shrapnel and gunshot wounds.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/limbloss.html">Lost limbs</a>.</li> </ul> <h3>What other special health problems do service members face?</h3> <p>There may also be a risk of health problems from exposure to environmental hazards, such as contaminated water, chemicals, infections, and burn pits. Sometimes the health problems caused by exposures don't develop until years later.</p> <p>Some service members experience military sexual trauma (MST). This includes <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexualassault.html">sexual assault</a> and sexual harassment.</p> <h3>What mental health issues do service members and veterans face?</h3> <p>Being in combat and being separated from your family can be stressful. So can readjusting to civilian life after the military. All of this <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stress.html">stress</a> can put service members and veterans at risk for mental health problems, including:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/posttraumaticstressdisorder.html">Post-traumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcoholusedisorderaud.html">Alcohol</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druguseandaddiction.html">drug use</a> disorders</li> </ul> <p>There is also a risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/suicide.html">suicide</a>. Veterans who are in crisis can get help from the Veteran's Crisis line by:</p> <ul> <li>Calling 988 and then pressing 1</li> <li>Texting to 838255</li> <li><a href="https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/get-help-now/chat/" target="_blank">Chatting</a> with them online</li> </ul> <h3>What health care services are available to service members and veterans?</h3> <p>There are health care services especially for service members and veterans through:</p> <ul> <li>TRICARE, which is the Department of Defense's health care program. It has insurance plans and other services for uniformed service members, retirees, and their families around the world.</li> <li>The Veterans Health Administration, which is part of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). It provides medical and social support services to eligible veterans.</li> <li>The VA 's expanded health care and benefits for veterans exposed to burn pits, Agent Orange, and other toxic substances.</li> </ul> <p>To better understand and treat the health needs of veterans in the future, the VA created the Million Veteran Program (MVP). This research program is looking at how genes, lifestyle, military experiences, and exposures affect health and wellness in veterans.</p> Health System Population Groups Salud del veterano y personal militar Prisoners of War War Exposure Veterans Health War-Related Injuries Military Personnel Spanish Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Veterans and Military Family Health Agent Orange Gulf War Syndrome Military Health Persian Gulf War Veterans Health Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs Health Check Tools Department of Veterans Affairs Women Center for Women Veterans Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Veterans Affairs Health Check Tools Department of Veterans Affairs Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs Start Here Department of Veterans Affairs Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Find an Expert Defense Health Agency Start Here Department of Veterans Affairs Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs Videos and Tutorials Department of Veterans Affairs Video Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs PDF Specifics NAMI Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs PDF Statistics and Research Department of Veterans Affairs Start Here Department of Veterans Affairs Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Veterans Affairs Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Department of Veterans Affairs Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Find an Expert Defense Health Agency Journal Articles Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Videos and Tutorials Defense Health Agency Health Check Tools Department of Veterans Affairs Statistics and Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Department of Veterans Affairs Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Videos and Tutorials Department of Veterans Affairs Video Specifics Department of Veterans Affairs Women Veterans Health Administration Women Department of Veterans Affairs Related Issues Department of Veterans Affairs Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida <h3>¿Qué es el VIH?</h3> <p>VIH significa virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Daña su sistema inmunitario al destruir un tipo de glóbulo blanco que ayuda a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones. Esto lo pone en riesgo de tener otras infecciones y enfermedades.</p> <h3>¿Qué es el sida?</h3> <p>Sida significa síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida. Es la etapa final de la infección por VIH. Ocurre cuando el sistema inmunitario del cuerpo está muy dañado por el virus. No todas las personas con VIH desarrollan sida.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se transmite el VIH?</h3> <p>El VIH se propaga a través de ciertos fluidos corporales de una persona con VIH. Esto puede suceder:</p> <ul> <li>Al tener relaciones sexuales vaginales o anales sin protección con una persona que tiene el VIH. Sin protección significa no usar condones o medicamentos para tratar o prevenir el VIH. Esta es la forma más común de propagación</li> <li>Compartiendo agujas para el consumo de drogas</li> <li>A través del contacto con la sangre de una persona que tiene VIH</li> <li>De madre a hijo durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html">embarazo</a>, parto o lactancia</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quiénes corren el riesgo de contraer la infección por el VIH?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede contraer el VIH, pero ciertos grupos tienen un mayor riesgo:</p> <ul> <li>Personas que tienen otra <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">infección de transmisión sexual</a> (ITS. Tener una ITS puede aumentar su riesgo de contraer o transmitir el VIH</li> <li>Personas que se inyectan drogas con agujas compartidas</li> <li>Hombres gay o bisexuales</li> <li>Afrodescendientes e hispanos y latinos: Constituyen una mayor proporción de nuevos diagnósticos de VIH y personas con VIH, en comparación con otras razas y etnias</li> <li>Personas que tienen conductas sexuales riesgosas, como no usar condón o medicinas para prevenir el VIH</li> </ul> <p>Factores como el estigma, la discriminación, el ingreso, educación y región geográfica también pueden afectar el riesgo de una persona de VIH.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del VIH y sida?</h3> <p>Los primeros signos de infección por VIH pueden ser síntomas similares a los de la gripe:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li>Escalofríos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">Sarpullido</a></li> <li>Sudoración nocturna (transpirar mucho durante la noche)</li> <li>Dolor muscular</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sorethroat.html">Dolor de garganta</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fatigue.html">Fatiga</a></li> <li>Ganglios linfáticos inflamados</li> <li>Llagas en la boca</li> </ul> <p>Estos síntomas pueden aparecer y desaparecer en un plazo de 2 a 4 semanas. Esta etapa se llama infección aguda por VIH.</p> <p>Si la infección no se trata, se convierte en una infección crónica por el VIH. A menudo, no hay síntomas durante esta etapa. Si no se trata, eventualmente el virus debilitará el sistema inmunitario de su cuerpo. Entonces la infección avanzará a sida. Ésta es la última etapa de la infección por VIH. Debido a que su sistema inmunitario está gravemente dañado, su cuerpo no puede combatir otras infecciones, llamadas <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html">infecciones oportunistas</a>. Estas son infecciones que ocurren con mayor frecuencia o son más graves en personas que tienen sistemas inmunitarios debilitados.</p> <p>Es posible que algunas personas no se sientan enfermas durante las primeras etapas de la infección por el VIH. Entonces, la única forma de saber con certeza si tiene el VIH es hacerse la prueba.</p> <h3>¿Cómo sé si tengo VIH?</h3> <p>Un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vih/">análisis de sangre</a> puede indicar si tiene una infección por VIH. Su profesional de la salud puede realizar la prueba o puede usar un kit de prueba en el hogar. También puede utilizar el <a href="https://gettested.cdc.gov/es" target="_blank">localizador de pruebas de los CDC</a> para encontrar sitios donde realicen la prueba sin costo.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el VIH y sida?</h3> <p>Si bien no existe cura para la infección por VIH, se puede tratar con <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html">medicamentos</a>, lo que se conoce como terapia antirretroviral. Esta puede volver la infección por VIH en una enfermedad crónica manejable. También reduce el riesgo de transmitir el virus a otras personas.</p> <p>La mayoría de las personas con VIH viven una vida larga y saludable si reciben terapia antirretroviral lo antes posible y mantienen el tratamiento. También es importante que se cuide. Contar con el apoyo que necesita, llevar un estilo de vida saludable y recibir atención médica regular puede ayudarle a disfrutar de una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livingwithhiv.html">mejor calidad de vida</a>.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir la infección por VIH?</h3> <p>Puede reducir el riesgo de contagiarse o transmitir el VIH al:</p> <ul> <li>Hacerse la prueba del VIH</li> <li>Practicar conductas sexuales menos riesgosas. Esto incluye limitar la cantidad de parejas sexuales que tiene y usar condones de látex cada vez que tiene relaciones sexuales. Si usted o su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al látex</a>, puede usar condones de poliuretano</li> <li>Hacerse la prueba y recibir tratamiento para infecciones de transmisión sexual</li> <li>No inyectarse drogas</li> <li>Hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivprepandpep.html">medicamentos para prevenir el VIH</a>:: <ul> <li>PrEP (profilaxis previa a la exposición) es para personas que aún no tienen el VIH pero que tienen un riesgo muy alto de contraerlo. PrEP es un medicamento diario que puede reducir este riesgo</li> <li>PEP (profilaxis posterior a la exposición) es para personas que posiblemente han estado expuestas al VIH. Es solo para situaciones de emergencia. La PEP debe iniciarse dentro de las 72 horas posteriores a una posible exposición al VIH</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud</p> Infecciones Sistema inmunitario HIV Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Medicinas para el VIH Sarcoma de Kaposi VIH en mujeres VIH y el embarazo VIH y las infecciones Viviendo con VIH Inmunodeficiencia adquirida, Síndrome de Sida Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Información de referencia Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Estudios clínicos Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Información de referencia Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Mujeres Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Drogas NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Hombres Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Departamento de Salud del Estado de Nueva York PDF Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours <h3>¿Qué es el VIH?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> significa virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Daña su sistema inmunitario al destruir un tipo de glóbulo blanco que ayuda a su cuerpo a combatir infecciones. Esto aumenta su riesgo de contraer otras infecciones y enfermedades.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se transmite el VIH?</h3> <p>El VIH se puede propagar de diferentes formas:</p> <ul> <li>A través de relaciones sexuales sin protección con una persona que tiene VIH. Sin protección significa que no usa condón o medicina para tratar o prevenir el VIH. Ésta es la forma más común de transmisión <ul> <li>El sexo anal es el tipo más riesgoso de relación sexual para contraer y propagar el VIH. El tejido del recto es delgado y puede permitir el ingreso del VIH al cuerpo durante el sexo anal</li> <li>Durante el sexo vaginal, el VIH puede ingresar al cuerpo a través del delicado tejido que recubre la vagina y el cuello uterino</li> </ul> </li> <li>A través del sexo oral con una persona que tiene VIH, aunque es menos común</li> <li>Al compartir agujas por consumo de drogas</li> <li>A través del contacto con la sangre de una persona con VIH</li> <li>De madre a bebé durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html">embarazo</a>, el parto o la lactancia</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo el VIH afecta a mujeres de manera diferente que a los hombres?</h3> <p>Cerca de una de cada 4 personas en los Estados Unidos con VIH son mujeres. Las mujeres que tienen VIH o sida tienen algunos problemas diferentes que los hombres:</p> <ul> <li>Complicaciones como <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html">Infecciones vaginales</a> por cándida frecuentes</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pelvicinflammatorydisease.html">Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica</a> severa</li> <li>Mayor riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html">cáncer de cuello uterino</a></li> <li>Problemas del ciclo <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menstruation.html">menstrual</a></li> <li>Mayor riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a></li> <li>Mayor riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseaseinwomen.html">enfermedades del corazón</a>, en especial <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartattack.html">ataques cardiacos</a></li> <li>Entrar en la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/menopause.html">menopausia</a> más joven o tener sofocos más intensos</li> </ul> </li> <li>Efectos secundarios diferentes, en ocasiones más graves, de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html">medicamentos que tratan el VIH</a></li> <li>Interacciones de medicamentos entre algunas medicinas para el VIH y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">anticonceptivos</a> hormonales</li> <li>El riesgo de transmitir el VIH a su bebé durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html">embarazo</a> o el parto</li> </ul> <h3>¿Existen tratamientos para el VIH?</h3> <p>No existe cura, pero hay muchos medicamentos para combatir tanto la infección por VIH como las infecciones y cánceres que la acompañan. Las personas que reciben tratamiento temprano pueden tener <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/livingwithhiv.html">vidas más largas y saludables</a>.</p> Mujeres Sistema inmunitario HIV in Women Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Medicinas para el VIH VIH VIH y el embarazo Viviendo con VIH Mujeres, VIH y el sida Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Fácil de leer Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH <p>Si está embarazada o planea quedar embarazada, es importante <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vih/">hacerse la prueba del VIH</a> lo antes posible. Si descubre que tiene <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a>, puede comenzar el tratamiento de inmediato para proteger su salud y la de su bebé.</p> <h3>Si tengo VIH, ¿puedo transmitirlo a mi bebé durante el embarazo?</h3> <p>Si está embarazada y tiene VIH y/o sida, existe el riesgo de transmitir el VIH a su bebé. Puede suceder de tres formas:</p> <ul> <li>Durante el embarazo</li> <li>Durante el parto, especialmente si es parto vaginal</li> <li>Durante la lactancia</li> </ul> <p>Pero tener VIH no significa que no pueda tener hijos. El tratamiento con una combinación de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html">medicamentos contra el VIH</a> puede ayudar a prevenir la transmisión del VIH a su bebé y proteger su propia salud.</p> <h3>Si tengo VIH, ¿cómo puedo evitar transmitírselo a mi bebé?</h3> <p>Hay diferentes pasos que puede tomar para prevenir la transmisión del VIH a su bebé:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html">medicamentos contra el VIH</a>:</strong> Los medicamentos contra el VIH reducen la cantidad de VIH en el cuerpo (carga viral) a un nivel muy bajo. El objetivo es hacer que su carga viral sea tan baja que una prueba de laboratorio normal no pueda detectarla. A esto se le llama tener una "carga viral indetectable". Tener una carga viral indetectable es lo mejor que puede hacer para mantenerse saludable y evitar que su bebé contraiga el VIH<br/><br/> La mayoría de los medicamentos contra el VIH son seguros de usar durante el embarazo. En general, no aumentan el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthcontrol.html">defectos congénitos</a>. Pero es importante hablar con su profesional de la salud sobre los riesgos y beneficios de los diferentes medicamentos. Juntos pueden decidir qué medicamentos son adecuados para usted. Por ello, debe asegurarse de tomar sus medicamentos con regularidad.<br/><br/></li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cesareandelivery.html">Tener una cesárea</a>, si es necesario:</strong> Si su carga viral no baja lo suficiente por las medicinas, tener una cesárea puede prevenir la transmisión del VIH a su bebé<br/><br/></li> <li><strong>Darle medicinas para el VIH a su bebé:</strong> Su bebé recibirá medicamentos contra el VIH lo antes posible después del nacimiento. Los medicamentos protegen a su bebé de la infección de cualquier VIH que usted haya transmitido durante el parto. El medicamento que recibe su bebé depende de varios factores, incluyendo su carga viral justo antes de dar a luz. Su bebé necesitará tomar medicamentos durante 4 a 6 semanas y hacerse varias pruebas de VIH durante los primeros meses<br/><br/></li> <li><strong>No dar pecho:</strong> La leche materna puede contener el VIH. En los Estados Unidos, la fórmula infantil es segura y está fácilmente disponible. Por ello, los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades de EE. UU. y la Academia Estadounidense de Pediatría recomiendan que si tiene VIH, debe alimentar a su bebé con fórmula en lugar de amamantar</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué pasa si quiero quedar embarazada y mi pareja tiene VIH?</h3> <p>Si está tratando de quedar embarazada, es importante que su pareja también se haga la prueba del VIH.</p> <p>Si su pareja tiene VIH y usted no, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre la posibilidad de tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivprepandpep.html">PrEP</a>. PrEP significa profilaxis previa a la exposición y son medicamentos para prevenir el VIH. La PrEP ayuda a protegerlos a usted y a su bebé del VIH.</p> Mujeres Embarazo y reproducción Sistema inmunitario Sistema reproductor femenino HIV and Pregnancy Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Medicinas para el VIH VIH VIH en mujeres VIH y las infecciones Viviendo con VIH Embarazo y VIH y el sida Sida y embarazo Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Información de referencia Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Infecciones en las personas con VIH y sida Infección oportunística asociada con el sida <p>El VIH/sida daña su sistema inmunitario al destruir los glóbulos blancos que combaten las infecciones. Esto lo pone en riesgo de sufrir infecciones oportunistas. Estas son infecciones serias que se aprovechan de su sistema inmunitario débil. Estas infecciones son menos comunes y menos severas en personas sanas. </p> <p>Existen muchos tipos de infecciones oportunistas:</p> <ul> <li>Infecciones bacterianas, incluyendo la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tuberculosis.html">tuberculosis</a> y el complejo MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex) </li> <li>Infecciones virales, como el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cytomegalovirusinfections.html">citomegalovirus</a> y la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hepatitisc.html">hepatitis C</a></li> <li>Infecciones por hongos, como infecciones por levaduras (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/yeastinfections.html">candidiasis</a>), meningitis criptocóccica, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumocystisinfections.html">neumonía por pneumocystis carinii</a> e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/histoplasmosis.html">histoplasmosis</a></li> <li>Infecciones parasitarias, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cryptosporidiosis.html">criptosporidiosis</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/toxoplasmosis.html">toxoplasmosis</a></li> </ul> <p>Tener VIH y sida puede hacer que las infecciones sean más difíciles de tratar. Las personas con VIH y el sida también tienen más posibilidades de sufrir complicaciones de enfermedades comunes, como la gripe. </p> <p> Usted puede prevenir las infecciones tomando <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivaidsmedicines.html">medicinas para el VIH y sida</a>. Otras cosas que pueden ayudar incluyen practicar sexo seguro, lavarse bien y con frecuencia las manos y comer alimentos bien cocidos. </p> Infecciones Sistema inmunitario HIV and Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Criptosporidiosis Hepatitis C Herpes genital Herpes simple Histoplasmosis Infecciones por hongos Infecciones por Pneumocystis Medicinas para el VIH Toxoplasmosis Tuberculosis VIH Viviendo con VIH Sida y las infecciones Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Información de referencia Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Colegio Estadounidense de Reumatología Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Profilaxis preexposición y profilaxis post-exposición <h3>¿Qué es la PrEP y PEP?</h3> <p>PrEP y PEP son <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html">medicamentos</a> para prevenir el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a>. Cada tipo se usa en una situación diferente:</p><ul> <li><strong>PrEP</strong> significa profilaxis previa a la exposición. Es para personas que aún no tienen VIH, pero están en un mayor riesgo de contraerlo. Puede ser una pastilla que se toma diariamente o una inyección que se aplica cada dos meses. Si se expone al VIH, PrEP puede evitar que el VIH se propague por el cuerpo</li> <li><strong>PEP</strong> significa profilaxis post-exposición. La PEP es para personas que posiblemente hayan estado expuestas al VIH. Es solo para situaciones de emergencia. La PEP debe iniciarse dentro de las 72 horas posteriores a la posible exposición al VIH</li> </ul> <h2>PrEP (profilaxis previa a la exposición)</h2> <h3>¿Quién debería considerar tomar PrEP?</h3> <p>La PrEP puede ayudar a protegerlo si no tiene VIH y cualquiera de las siguientes situaciones se aplica a usted:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Tuvo relaciones sexuales anales o vaginales</strong> en los últimos 6 meses y: <ul> <li>Tiene una pareja sexual con VIH</li> <li>No usó consistentemente condón, <strong>ó</strong></li> <li>Ha sido diagnosticado con una infección de transmisión sexual (ITS) en los últimos 6 meses</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Se inyectó drogas</strong> y: <ul> <li>Compartió materiales para inyectarse drogas, <strong>ó</strong></li> <li>Su compañero con el que se inyecta drogas tiene VIH</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Le han recetado PEP</strong> y <ul> <li>Continúa teniendo conductas de alto riesgo, <strong>ó</strong></li> <li>Ha usado múltiples ciclos de PEP</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Si tiene una pareja VIH positiva y está considerando quedar embarazada, hable con su profesional de la salud sobre la PrEP. Tomarla puede ayudar a protegerse usted y el bebé de contraer la infección mientras intenta quedar embarazada, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandpregnancy.html">durante el embarazo</a> o durante la lactancia.</p> <h3>¿Qué tan bien funciona la PrEP?</h3> <p>La PrEP es muy efectiva cuando se toma consistentemente. Reduce el riesgo de contraer el VIH por vía sexual en cerca de un 99 %. En las personas que se inyectan drogas, reduce el riesgo de VIH en al menos un 74 %. La PrEP es mucho menos efectiva si no la toma de manera consistente.</p> <p>La PrEP no protege contra otras ITS, por lo que siempre debe usar condones cada vez que tiene sexo. Si usted o su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al látex</a>, puede usar condones de poliuretano.</p> <p>Debe hacerse una prueba de VIH cada 3 meses mientras toma PrEP, por lo que debe tener visitas de seguimiento periódicas con su profesional de la salud. Si tiene problemas para tomar PrEP, hable con su proveedor de atención médica.</p> <h3>¿La PrEP causa efectos secundarios?</h3> <p>Algunas personas que toman PrEP pueden tener efectos secundarios, como náuseas. En general, los efectos secundarios no son serios y desaparecen con el tiempo. Si está tomando PrEP dígale a su profesional de la salud si tiene un efecto secundario que le causa problemas o no desaparece.</p> <h2>PEP (profilaxis post-exposición)</h2> <h3>¿Quién debería considerar tomar PEP?</h3> <p>Si es VIH negativo y cree que puede haber estado expuesto recientemente al VIH, comuníquese con su profesional de la salud de inmediato o acuda a una sala de emergencia a la brevedad.</p> <p>Es posible que le receten PEP si es VIH negativo o no conoce su estado de VIH, y en las últimas 72 horas usted puede haber estado expuesto al VIH:</p> <ul> <li>Teniendo relaciones sexuales, por ejemplo si se rompió el condón con alguien que puede tener VIH</li> <li>Al compartir agujas o equipos para preparación de drogas <strong>ó</strong></li> <li>Al sufrir una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html">agresión sexual</a></li> </ul> <p>Su profesional de la salud o médico de la sala de emergencia ayudará a determinar si PEP es adecuado para usted.</p> <p>La PEP también se puede administrar a un trabajador de la salud después de una posible exposición al VIH en el trabajo, por ejemplo, por una lesión por pinchazo de aguja.</p> <h3>¿Cuándo debo comenzar la PEP y cuánto tiempo debo tomarla?</h3> <p>La PEP debe iniciarse dentro de las 72 horas (3 días) después de una posible exposición al VIH. Cuanto antes empiece, mejor. Cada hora cuenta.</p> <p>Debe tomar los medicamentos PEP todos los días durante 28 días. Deberá ver a su profesional de la salud en determinadas ocasiones durante y después de tomar PEP, para que pueda hacerse una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-vih/">prueba de VIH</a> y otros exámenes.</p> <h3>¿La PEP causa efectos secundarios?</h3> <p>Algunas personas que toman PEP pueden tener efectos secundarios, como náuseas. En general, los efectos secundarios no son serios y desaparecen con el tiempo. Si está tomando PEP, dígale a su profesional de la salud si tiene un efecto secundario que le moleste o que no desaparece.</p> <p>Los medicamentos PEP también pueden interactuar con otros medicamentos (lo que se denomina <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">interacción farmacológica</a>). Por ello, es importante decirle a su profesional de la salud si está tomando otras medicinas.</p> <h3>¿Puedo tomar PEP cada vez que tengo relaciones sexuales sin protección?</h3> <p>PEP es solo para situaciones de emergencia. No es la opción correcta para personas que pueden estar expuestas al VIH con frecuencia, por ejemplo, si a menudo tiene relaciones sexuales con una pareja que es VIH positiva. La PrEP sería adecuada en este caso.</p> Infecciones Sistema inmunitario Tratamiento con medicamentos HIV: PrEP and PEP Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Más información Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Más información Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Infografía Más información Spanish/Español Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud Más información Spanish/Español Más que SIDA Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Abuso conyugal Violencia de género Violencia doméstica <h3>¿Qué es la violencia en la pareja?</h3> <p>La violencia en la pareja es el abuso que ocurre en una relación romántica. La pareja puede ser un cónyuge actual o anterior, un novio o enamorado. La violencia en la pareja también se conoce como violencia doméstica o violencia de pareja íntima.</p> <p>La violencia en la pareja puede incluir diferentes tipos de abuso, como:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Violencia física:</strong> Ocurre cuando una persona lastima o intenta lastimar a su pareja mediante golpes, patadas u otro tipo de fuerza física</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sexualassault.html">Violencia sexual:</a></strong> Implica obligar o intentar obligar a una pareja a participar en una actividad sexual cuando la pareja no entrega o no puede dar su consentimiento. La actividad sexual puede incluir actos sexuales, contacto sexual o eventos sexuales no físicos (como mensajes con connotación sexual, o sexting).</li> <li><strong>Abuso emocional:</strong> Incluye amenazas, insultos, menosprecio y humillación. También puede implicar un comportamiento controlador, como decirle a una pareja cómo actuar o vestirse o no dejar que vea a familiares o amigos</li> <li><strong>Abuso económico:</strong> También llamado abuso financiero, consiste en controlar el acceso al dinero</li> <li><strong>Acoso:</strong> Es un contacto repetido e indeseado que causa temor o preocupación por la seguridad de la pareja. Esto puede incluir observar o seguir a la víctima. El acosador puede hacer llamadas telefónicas o enviar mensajes de texto repetidos y no deseados</li> </ul> <h3>¿Quién se ve afectado por la violencia en la pareja?</h3> <p>Es difícil saber exactamente qué tan común es la violencia en la pareja porque a menudo no se reporta.</p> <p>Pero sí se sabe que cualquiera puede verse afectado. La violencia en la pareja le puede pasar a cualquiera. Afecta a personas de todos los niveles de ingresos y educación.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los signos de que alguien está experimentando violencia en la pareja?</h3> <p>Si cree que un ser querido puede estar experimentando violencia en la pareja, esté atento a estos signos:</p> <p>Su amigo o ser querido:</p> <ul> <li>¿Tiene cortes o moretones inexplicables?</li> <li>¿Evita amigos, familiares y actividades favoritas?</li> <li>¿Pone excusas por el comportamiento de su pareja?</li> <li>¿Se ve incómodo o temeroso con su pareja?</li> </ul> <p>La pareja o novio de un ser querido:</p> <ul> <li>¿Le grita o se burla de él o ella?</li> <li>¿Trata de controlarlo o controlarla tomando todas las decisiones?</li> <li>¿Lo o la vigila en el trabajo o la escuela?</li> <li>¿Lo o la obliga a hacer cosas sexuales que no quiere hacer?</li> <li>¿Lo o la amenaza con lastimarse a sí mismo si la pareja quiere terminar la relación?</li> </ul> <h3>¿Qué puedo hacer si estoy experimentando violencia en la pareja?</h3> <p>Su seguridad es lo más importante. <strong>Si está en peligro inmediato, llame al 911.</strong></p> <p>Si no está en peligro inmediato, puede:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Obtenga atención médica</strong> si ha sido lesionado o agredido sexualmente</li> <li><strong>Llame a una línea de ayuda</strong> para obtener ayuda gratuita y anónima: Puede comunicarse con la Línea Directa Nacional de Violencia Doméstica al 800-799-SAFE (7233) o al 800-787-3224 (TTY). También puede chatear a través de su <a href="https://espanol.thehotline.org/" target="_blank">sitio web</a> o por mensaje de texto enviando START al 88788</li> <li><strong>Averigüe dónde obtener ayuda en su comunidad:</strong> Comuníquese con organizaciones locales que puedan ayudarle</li> <li><strong>Prepare un plan de seguridad para escapar:</strong> En general, la violencia en la pareja no mejora. Piense en un lugar seguro al que pueda ir y en todas las cosas que necesitará cuando se vaya</li> <li><strong>Guarde la evidencia:</strong> Mantenga evidencia de abuso, como fotografías de sus lesiones o correos electrónicos, mensajes de texto amenazantes. Asegúrese de que esté en un lugar seguro que el abusador no pueda encontrar</li> <li><strong>Hable con alguien de confianza</strong>, como un familiar, amigo, compañero de trabajo o un líder espiritual</li> <li><strong>Considere obtener una orden de restricción</strong> para protegerse</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo puedo ayudar a alguien que está experimentando violencia en la pareja?</h3> <p>Hágale saber a su ser querido que no es saludable ser tratado de esa manera y que no tiene la culpa. Debe:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Llamar al 911 si hay peligro inmediato</strong></li> <li><strong>Esté atento a las señales de abuso:</strong> Conozca las señales y haga un seguimiento de lo que observa</li> <li><strong>Infórmese sobre recursos de ayuda local:</strong> Obtenga las direcciones y números de teléfono de algunos recursos locales en su comunidad. Luego podrá compartir la información si la víctima está lista para ello</li> <li><strong>Busque un momento para hablar:</strong> Asegúrese que la conversación sea en un lugar seguro y privado. La pareja de su ser querido puede tener acceso a su teléfono celular o computadora, por lo que tenga cuidado al compartir información por mensaje de texto o correo electrónico</li> <li><strong>Sea específico acerca de la razón de su preocupación:</strong> Describa la conducta que le preocupa. Sea lo más específico posible cuando explique por qué está preocupado</li> <li><strong>Planificar para la seguridad:</strong> Si su ser querido está listo para dejar a una pareja abusiva, colabore en hacer un plan para salir de la relación de la manera más segura posible. Un consejero de violencia en la pareja puede ayudar a hacer un plan de seguridad</li> <li><strong>Sea paciente y no juzgue:</strong> Debe hablar sobre sus preocupaciones con su ser querido, pero comprenda que es posible que no esté listo o lista para hablar sobre ello. Hágale saber que está disponible para hablar en cualquier momento y que lo o la escuchará sin juzgar</li> </ul> Mujeres Lesiones y heridas Asuntos sociales y familiares Intimate Partner Violence Abuso de las personas mayores Abuso sexual de menores Agresión sexual Maltrato al menor Violencia en los adolescentes Abuso conyugal Género, Violencia Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional para el TEPT Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Organización Mundial de la Salud Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Colegio de Abogados de EEUU Adolescentes Spanish/Español Administración de Control de Drogas Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Adolescentes Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia <p>La violencia en los adolescentes se refiere a acciones dañinas que comienzan temprano y continúan hasta que la persona es un adulto joven. El o la joven puede ser la víctima, el agresor o el testigo de un acto de violencia. </p> <p>Los actos violentos pueden ser:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bullyingandcyberbullying.html">Intimidación</a></li> <li>Peleas, incluyendo puñetazos, patadas, bofetadas o golpes</li> <li>Uso de armas, como pistolas o cuchillos</li> </ul> <p>Algunos actos violentos pueden causar más daño emocional que físico. Otros pueden causar lesiones graves o incluso la muerte. </p> <p>Un importante factor de riesgo para la violencia en los adolescentes es el comportamiento de sus amigos y compañeros de clase. Usted debería de saber con quién se relacionan sus hijos y fomentar un comportamiento y amistades saludables.</p> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Niños y adolescentes Asuntos sociales y familiares Teen Violence Intimidación y ciberacoso Salud de los adolescentes Trastornos de la conducta del niño Violencia en la pareja Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de la Salud Mental NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Estadounidense de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centro Nacional para el TEPT Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación Estadounidense de Psicología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Administración de Control de Drogas Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours <h3>What are viruses?</h3> <p>Viruses are very tiny germs. They are made of genetic material (either <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/dna/">DNA</a> or RNA) inside of a protein coating. There are a huge number of viruses on earth. Only a small number of them can infect humans. Those viruses can infect our cells, which may cause disease. Some of the diseases that viruses can cause include the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/commoncold.html">common cold</a>, the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/flu.html">flu</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html">COVID-19</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hiv.html">HIV</a>.</p> <h3>How are viruses spread?</h3> <p>Viruses can be spread in different ways:</p> <ul> <li>Through droplets and particles that are breathed out by someone who has the infection. You might breathe in the droplets or particles, or they could land on your mouth, nose, or eyes.</li> <li>By touching surfaces or objects that have the virus on them and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.</li> <li>From the pregnant parent to the baby <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">during pregnancy</a>.</li> <li>Through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodborneillness.html">contaminated food or water</a>.</li> <li>By being bitten by an infected <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/insectbitesandstings.html">insect</a> or animal.</li> <li>Through <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexual contact</a> (usually vaginal, anal and oral sex) with someone who has the infection.</li> </ul> <h3>How do viruses cause disease?</h3> <p>Viruses are like hijackers. They invade living, normal cells. They then use those cells to multiply (make copies of themselves). This process is also called replication. The process can kill, damage, or change the infected cells. Sometimes this can make you sick. The symptoms can range from mild to very severe. Other times, your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune system</a> may be able to fight it off and you may not have any symptoms.</p> <p>Each different virus usually only infects one type of cell in your body. For example, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hepatitis.html">hepatitis</a> viruses affect the cells in the liver. HIV infects a certain type of immune system cell. </p> <h3>What are the treatments for viral infections?</h3> <p>For most viral infections, treatments can only help with symptoms while you wait for your immune system to fight off the virus. There are antiviral medicines to treat some viral infections. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">Antibiotics</a> do not work for viral infections.</p> <h3>Can viral infections be prevented?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">Vaccines</a> can help prevent you from getting many viral diseases. You may be able to prevent some viral infections by:</p> <ul> <li>Proper <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">hand washing</a>.</li> <li>Paying attention to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodsafety.html">food safety</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">Cleaning surfaces</a> that may be infected with germs.</li> <li>Avoiding contact with wild animals.</li> <li>Preventing insect bites by using insect repellent when you go outdoors. If you travel to an area that has a high risk of diseases from insect bites, also wear long pants, shirts, and socks.</li> <li>Practicing safe sex (using a condom every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex).</li> <li>Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.</li> </ul> Infections Immune System Infecciones virales Virus Diseases Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Acute Flaccid Myelitis Chickenpox Chikungunya Common Cold COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Croup Cytomegalovirus Infections Dengue Ebola Fifth Disease Flu Hantavirus Infections Hemorrhagic Fevers Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Herpes Simplex HIV HPV Infectious Mononucleosis Measles Mpox Mumps Norovirus Infections Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome Rabies Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Rotavirus Infections Rubella Shingles Vaccines Warts West Nile Virus Zika Virus Adenovirus Infections Coxsackievirus Infections Enterovirus Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Infections, Viral Roseola Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Nemours Foundation Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Children VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Jewish Health PDF Infographic Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Specifics American Lung Association Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children VisualDX Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Images VisualDX Children VisualDX Related Issues American Cancer Society Variola <p>La viruela es una enfermedad causada por el virus Variola mayor. Algunos especialistas dicen que a lo largo de los siglos mató a más personas que todas las otras enfermedades infecciosas juntas. La vacunación en todo el mundo detuvo la diseminación de la viruela hace tres décadas. El último caso se reportó en 1977. Dos laboratorios de investigación aún guardan pequeñas cantidades del virus. Los especialistas temen que los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html">bioterroristas</a> puedan utilizar el virus para diseminar la enfermedad.</p> <p>La viruela se disemina fácilmente de una persona a otra. Los síntomas se parecen a los de la gripe e incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Fiebre alta</li> <li>Fatiga</li> <li>Dolores de cabeza </li> <li>Dolor de espalda</li> <li>Una erupción en la piel con llagas rojas y planas</li> </ul> <p>No existe tratamiento. Líquidos y medicinas para el dolor o la fiebre pueden ayudar a controlar los síntomas. La mayoría de las personas se recupera, pero algunas pueden morir. Aquellos que se recuperan pueden terminar con cicatrices severas. </p> <p>Estados Unidos interrumpió la vacunación de rutina contra la viruela en 1972. Los militares y otros grupos de alto riesgo continúan vacunándose. Estados Unidos ha aumentado el suministro de la vacuna en años recientes. La vacuna hace que algunas personas se sientan enfermas, por ello los médicos las reservan para aquellos con mayor riesgo de contagio. </p> Infecciones Envenenamientos, toxicología y salud ambiental Smallpox Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours <h3>¿Qué es el virus del Nilo Occidental?</h3> <p>El virus del Nilo Occidental es una enfermedad infecciosa. Se transmite con mayor frecuencia por la picadura de un mosquito infectado. La mayoría de las personas no presentan síntomas, mientras que algunas pueden desarrollar síntomas leves. Sin embargo, en ocasiones el virus puede causar síntomas graves si entra en el cerebro.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se transmite el virus del Nilo Occidental?</h3> <p>En general, el virus del Nilo Occidental se transmite a través de la picadura de un mosquito infectado. Sin embargo, en casos raros, puede transmitirse de persona a persona. Esto puede suceder a través de un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/organtransplantation.html">trasplante de órgano</a> o una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">transfusión de sangre</a>. Una persona embarazada también puede transmitir el virus a su bebé durante el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/infectionsandpregnancy.html">embarazo</a> o el parto. Y después del parto, puede transmitirlo al bebé durante la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/breastfeeding.html">lactancia</a>.</p> <h3>¿Quién tiene más probabilidades de desarrollar el virus del Nilo Occidental?</h3> <p>Cualquier persona puede ser picada por un mosquito infectado y contraer el virus del Nilo Occidental. Pero ciertas personas tienen un mayor riesgo de sufrir una enfermedad más grave si contraen una infección por el virus. Entre ellas se encuentran quienes:</p> <ul> <li>Son mayores de 60 años</li> <li>Tienen ciertas afecciones médicas, como cáncer, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/highbloodpressure.html">presión arterial alta</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/kidneydiseases.html">enfermedad de los riñones</a></li> <li>Han recibido un trasplante de órgano</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas del virus del Nilo Occidental?</h3> <p>Los síntomas pueden ser de leves a graves, pero la mayoría de las personas no presentan síntomas o tienen síntomas leves.</p> <p>Los síntomas leves pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/headache.html">Dolor de cabeza</a></li> <li>Dolor corporal</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vómitos</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/diarrhea.html">Diarrea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rashes.html">Sarpullido</a></li> </ul> <p>Estos síntomas suelen desaparecer por sí solos en unos días o varias semanas. Sin embargo, algunas personas presentan debilidad o fatiga que duran semanas o meses.</p> <p>Aunque es poco frecuente, si el virus del Nilo Occidental entra en el cerebro, puede ser mortal. Puede causar inflamación del cerebro (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/encephalitis.html">encefalitis</a>) o inflamación del tejido que rodea el cerebro y la médula espinal (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/meningitis.html">meningitis</a>).</p> <p>Los síntomas graves del virus del Nilo Occidental pueden incluir:</p> <ul> <li>Fiebre alta</li> <li>Dolor de cabeza</li> <li>Rigidez del cuello</li> <li>Entumecimiento</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coma.html">Coma</a></li> <li>Debilidad muscular</li> <li>Pérdida de la visión</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostica el virus del Nilo Occidental?</h3> <p>Para saber si tiene el virus del Nilo Occidental, su profesional de la salud:</p> <ul> <li>Hará un examen físico</li> <li>Analizará su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Puede solicitar pruebas de sangre</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para el virus del Nilo Occidental?</h3> <p>No existen vacunas ni tratamientos específicos para la enfermedad humana causada por el virus del Nilo Occidental. Pero descansar, beber líquidos y tomar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> de venta libre pueden aliviar algunos síntomas. Es posible que deba ser hospitalizado si tiene síntomas graves.</p> <h3>¿Se puede prevenir el virus del Nilo Occidental?</h3> <p>No existen vacunas ni medicamentos para prevenir el virus del Nilo Occidental. La mejor manera de evitar el virus del Nilo Occidental es ayudar a prevenir las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/insectbitesandstings.html">picaduras de mosquitos</a>:</p> <ul> <li>Use repelente de insectos con DEET u otro repelente de insectos registrado por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los EE. UU. (EPA). Asegúrese de seguir las instrucciones de uso del repelente</li> <li>Use camisas de manga larga y pantalones si está al aire libre</li> <li>Elimine los lugares de reproducción de mosquitos al vaciar el agua estancada de macetas, baldes o barriles</li> <li>Permanezca en el interior entre el anochecer y el amanecer, cuando los mosquitos están más activos</li> <li>Use mosquiteros en las ventanas para mantener a los insectos en el exterior</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la prevención de Enfermedades (CDC)</p> Infecciones Cerebro y nervios West Nile Virus Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Encefalitis Picaduras y mordeduras de insectos Nilo Occidental, Virus del VNO Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia VPH <h3>¿Qué es el VPH?</h3> <p>Los virus del papiloma humano (VPH) son un grupo de virus relacionados entre sí. Pueden causar verrugas en diferentes partes del cuerpo. Existen más de 200 tipos. Cerca de 40 de ellos afectan a los genitales. Estos se propagan a través del contacto sexual con una persona infectada. También se pueden propagar a través de otro contacto íntimo de piel a piel. Algunos de ellos pueden ponerle en riesgo desarrollar un cáncer. </p> <p>Existen dos categorías de VPH de transmisión sexual. El VPH de bajo riesgo puede causar verrugas en o alrededor de los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/genitalwarts.html">genitales</a>, el ano, la boca o la garganta. El VPH de alto riesgo puede causar varios tipos de cáncer:</p> <ul> <li>Cáncer de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancer.html">cuello uterino</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/analcancer.html">Cáncer del ano</a></li> <li>Algunos tipos de cáncer de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/oralcancer.html">boca</a> y de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/throatcancer.html">garganta</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vulvarcancer.html">Cáncer de vulva</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaginalcancer.html">Cáncer de vagina</a></li> <li>Cáncer del pene</li> </ul> <p>La mayoría de las infecciones por VPH desaparecen por sí solas y no causan cáncer. Pero a veces las infecciones duran más. Cuando una infección por VPH de alto riesgo dura muchos años, puede provocar cambios en las células. Si estos cambios no se tratan, pueden empeorar con el tiempo y convertirse en cáncer.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de contraer infecciones por VPH?</h3> <p>Las infecciones por VPH son muy comunes. Casi todas las personas sexualmente activas se infectan con el VPH poco después de iniciar su vida sexual.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones por VPH?</h3> <p>Algunas personas desarrollan verrugas por ciertas infecciones de VPH de bajo riesgo, pero los otros tipos (incluyendo las de alto riesgo) no tienen síntomas.</p> <p>Si una infección por VPH de alto riesgo dura muchos años y causa cambios en las células, es posible que tenga síntomas. También puede tener síntomas si esos cambios celulares se convierten en cáncer. Sus posibles síntomas dependerán de la parte del cuerpo afectada.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones por VPH?</h3> <p>En general, los profesionales de la salud pueden diagnosticar las verrugas al observarlas.</p> <p>Para las mujeres, hay <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cervicalcancerscreening.html">pruebas de detección de cáncer de cuello uterino </a>que pueden encontrar cambios cervicales que pueden convertirse en cáncer. Como parte de la evaluación, las mujeres pueden hacerse pruebas de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-de-papanicolaou/">Papanicolaou</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-del-papiloma-humano-vph/">pruebas de VPH</a> o ambas.</p> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones por VPH?</h3> <p>Una infección por VPH en sí no puede ser tratada. Existen medicamentos que puede aplicar a una verruga. Si no funcionan, su atención médica podría congelarla, quemarla o extirparla quirúrgicamente.</p> <p>Existen tratamientos para los cambios celulares causados por la infección con VPH de alto riesgo. Incluyen medicamentos que se aplican al área afectada y varios procedimientos quirúrgicos.</p> <p>En general, las personas con cáncer relacionado con el VPH reciben los mismos tipos de tratamiento que quienes tienen cáncer no causados por el virus. Una excepción a esto son las personas que tienen ciertos tipos de cáncer de boca y de garganta, las que pueden tener diferentes opciones de tratamiento.</p> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones por VPH?</h3> <p>El uso correcto de los condones de látex reduce en gran medida, aunque no elimina por completo, el riesgo de contraer o propagar el VPH. Si usted o su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al látex</a>, puede usar condones de poliuretano. La forma más confiable de evitar la infección es no tener sexo anal, vaginal u oral.</p> <p>Las vacunas pueden proteger contra varios tipos de VPH, incluyendo algunas que pueden causar cáncer. Las vacunas brindan la mayor protección cuando se aplican antes de exponerse al virus. Esto significa que es mejor que se apliquen antes de que se vuelvan sexualmente activas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer</p> Infecciones Asuntos de salud sexual Sistema reproductor femenino HPV Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Cáncer de cuello uterino Verrugas genitales Papilomavirus humano (PVH) VPH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Pediatría Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Sordera y otros Trastornos de la Comunicación NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Folletos para el paciente Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Coalición de Acción para la Inmunización PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Organización de Especialistas de Información Teratológica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer Video NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Nemours <p>El Zika es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virus</a> que en su mayoría se transmite por mosquitos (zancudos). Una mujer embarazada puede pasar el virus a su bebé durante el embarazo o cerca de la fecha de parto. Puede propagarse por contacto sexual. También se ha reportado su diseminación a través de transfusiones de sangre. Han aparecido brotes de Zika en Estados Unidos, África, el sudeste asiático, las islas del Pacífico, algunas áreas del Caribe y en América Central y América del Sur. </p> <p>La mayoría de las personas que se contagia el virus no se enferma. Una de cada cinco personas tiene síntomas, que pueden incluir fiebre, erupción en la piel, dolor en las articulaciones y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pinkeye.html">conjuntivitis</a>. En general, los síntomas son leves y comienzan dos a siete días después de haber sido picado por el mosquito. </p> <p>Una prueba de sangre puede diagnosticar la infección. No existen vacunas o medicamentos para tratarla. Tomar mucho líquido, descansar y tomar acetaminofén puede ayudar con la recuperación. </p> <p> El Zika puede causar microcefalia (un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/birthdefects.html">defecto de nacimiento</a> serio en el cual la cabeza de una persona es mucho más pequeña de lo normal) y otros problemas en bebés cuyas madres fueron infectadas estando embarazadas. Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades recomiendan que las mujeres embarazadas no viajen a regiones donde se registren brotes de Zika. </p> <p>Si usted planea viajar, consulte con su médico. También debe tener cuidado de evitar las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/mosquitobites.html">picaduras de mosquitos</a>:</p><ul> <li>Use repelente de insectos</li> <li>Use ropa que cubra sus brazos, piernas y pies</li> <li>Quédese en lugares donde haya aire acondicionado o use mosquiteros en las ventanas</li> </ul> <p class=""> Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades </p> Infecciones Zika Virus Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Zika, Virus Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Mujeres Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Salud Infantil y Desarrollo Humano Infografía Comience aquí Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Agencia de Protección Ambiental Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Organización Mundial de la Salud Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Comience aquí Spanish/Español Organización Panamericana de la Salud Virus sincicial Virus sincitial respiratorio <h3>¿Qué es el virus respiratorio sincitial?</h3> <p>El virus respiratorio sincitial, también conocido como virus respiratorio sincicial, es una enfermedad viral común. Por lo general, causa síntomas leves parecidos al resfriado. Pero puede provocar infecciones pulmonares graves, especialmente en bebés, adultos mayores y personas con problemas médicos serios.</p> <h3>¿Cómo se transmite el virus respiratorio sincitial?</h3> <p>El virus respiratorio sincitial se transmite de persona a persona a través de:</p> <ul> <li>El aire al toser y estornudar</li> <li>Contacto directo, como besar la cara de un niño con el virus</li> <li>Tocar un objeto o superficie con el virus y luego tocarse la boca, la nariz o los ojos antes de lavarse las manos</li> </ul> <p>En general, las personas con una infección por virus respiratorio sincitial son contagiosas durante 3 a 8 días. Pero a veces los bebés y las personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados pueden continuar propagando el virus durante 4 semanas.</p> <h3>¿Quién está en riesgo de contraer infecciones por el virus respiratorio sincitial?</h3> <p>El virus respiratorio sincitial puede afectar a personas de todas las edades. Pero es muy común en niños pequeños. Casi todos los niños se infectan con el virus respiratorio sincitial a los 2 años. En general, las infecciones ocurren durante la temporada de virus respiratorio sincitial, la que usualmente abarca del otoño a la primavera.</p> <p>Los que corren un mayor riesgo de tener una infección grave por el virus respiratorio sincitial son:</p> <ul> <li>Infantes</li> <li>Adultos mayores, especialmente mayores de 65 años</li> <li>Personas con afecciones médicas crónicas como enfermedades <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/heartdiseases.html">cardíacas</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/lungdiseases.html">pulmonares</a></li> <li>Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los síntomas de las infecciones del virus respiratorio sincitial?</h3> <p>En general, los síntomas de la infección por virus respiratorio sincitial comienzan entre 4 y 6 días después de la infección. Estos incluyen:</p> <ul> <li>Congestión nasal</li> <li>Poco apetito</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/cough.html">Tos</a></li> <li>Estornudos</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/fever.html">Fiebre</a></li> <li>Sibilancias</li> </ul> <p>Estos síntomas generalmente aparecen por etapas en lugar de todos a la vez. En bebés muy pequeños, los únicos síntomas pueden ser irritabilidad, disminución de la actividad y dificultad para respirar.</p> <p>El virus respiratorio sincitial también puede causar infecciones más graves, especialmente en personas con alto riesgo. Estas infecciones incluyen bronquiolitis (inflamación de las pequeñas vías respiratorias del pulmón) y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pneumonia.html">neumonía</a> (infección de los pulmones).</p> <h3>¿Cómo se diagnostican las infecciones del virus respiratorio sincitial?</h3> <p>Para hacer un diagnóstico, el profesional de la salud puede utilizar:</p> <ul> <li>Su historia clínica, incluyendo preguntas sobre sus síntomas</li> <li>Un examen físico</li> <li>Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/pruebas-de-laboratorio/prueba-del-virus-sincicial-respiratorio-vsr/">prueba de laboratorio</a> de líquido nasal u otra muestra respiratoria para verificar la presencia del virus. En general, esto se hace para personas con infección grave</li> <li>Pruebas para detectar complicaciones en personas con infección grave. Pueden incluir una radiografía de tórax y análisis de sangre y orina</li> </ul> <h3>¿Cuáles son los tratamientos para las infecciones por el virus respiratorio sincitial?</h3> <p>No existe un tratamiento específico para la infección por virus respiratorio sincitial. La mayoría de las infecciones desaparecen por sí solas en una o dos semanas. Los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/painrelievers.html">analgésicos</a> de venta libre pueden ayudar con la fiebre y el dolor. Sin embargo, a los niños no se les debe dar aspirina. Tampoco suministre <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/coldandcoughmedicines.html">medicamentos para la tos</a> a niños menores de cuatro años. También es importante tomar suficientes líquidos para prevenir la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dehydration.html">deshidratación</a>.</p> <p>Algunas personas con infección severa pueden necesitar hospitalización, donde pueden administrarle oxígeno, un tubo de respiración o un ventilador.</p> <h3>¿Se pueden prevenir las infecciones del virus respiratorio sincitial?</h3> <p>Hay algunas vacunas disponibles para proteger contra la enfermedad del virus sincitial. Dos de ellas son para personas de 60 años o más. Si pertenece a este grupo de edad, hable con su profesional de la salud para saber si alguna vacuna contra el virus es adecuada para usted.</p> <p>También hay una vacuna para personas embarazadas. Se administra entre las semanas 32 y 36 de embarazo. Ayuda a proteger a los recién nacidos de la enfermedad del virus sincitial durante los primeros 6 meses de vida. </p> <p>Hay dos medicamentos para ayudar a prevenir la enfermedad grave por sincicial en bebés y niños pequeños. Estos medicamentos pueden ayudar a prevenir la enfermedad grave por el virus, pero no pueden curar ni tratar a los niños que ya tienen la afección. Además, no pueden prevenir una infección por sincicial. Ambos medicamentos se administran vía inyecciones.</p> <p>A bebés menores de 8 meses se administra una medicina durante su primera temporada de virus respiratorio sincitial. Esto incluye a los bebés que nacen durante la temporada del virus. Este medicamento también se puede administrar a algunos niños los 8 y 19 meses que tienen un alto riesgo de contraer una enfermedad grave por virus sincitial. Por ejemplo, podrían estar en alto riesgo porque:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prematurebabies.html">Nacieron prematuramente</a></li> <li>Tienen una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/congenitalheartdefects.html">enfermedad cardíaca congénita</a></li> <li>Tienen enfermedad pulmonar crónica</li> <li>Tienen un sistema inmunitario débil</li> </ul> <p>El otro medicamento se administra mensualmente durante la temporada de virus respiratorio sincitial. Es para niños menores de 24 meses de edad que tienen un alto riesgo de contraer una enfermedad grave por el virus.</p> <p>Asimismo, hay algunos pasos que puede seguir para reducir el riesgo de contraer o propagar una infección por virus sincitial, incluyendo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/germsandhygiene.html">Lavarse las manos</a> frecuentemente con agua y jabón durante al menos 20 segundos</li> <li>Evitar tocarse la cara, la nariz o la boca con las manos sin lavar</li> <li>Evitar el contacto cercano, como besarse, darse la mano y compartir tazas y utensilios para comer si usted está enfermo o si otras personas están enfermas</li> <li>Limpiar y desinfectar las superficies que toca con frecuencia</li> <li>Cubrirse la tos y los estornudos con un pañuelo de papel. Luego deseche el pañuelo y lávese las manos</li> <li>Quedarse en casa cuando está enfermo</li> </ul> <p class="">Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades</p> Niños y adolescentes Infecciones Pulmón y vías respiratorias Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones virales Bronquiolitis Infección por el virus VRS VRS Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Síntomas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español Hospitales y Clínicas de Niños de Minnesota Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Mujeres Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Pediatría Personas mayores Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Low vision <h3>What is vision impairment?</h3> <p>Vision impairment is the loss of vision. It includes blindness, which means that you have lost all or most of your sight. It also includes low vision, which means you have some vision, but the vision loss makes it hard to do everyday activities. You may have trouble reading, shopping, cooking, writing, and watching TV. Low vision can't be fixed with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyewear.html">glasses, contact lenses</a>, medicine, or surgery.</p> <h3>What causes vision impairment?</h3> <p>Aging doesn't cause vision loss on its own. But many diseases that are more common in older adults can cause it. The leading causes of low vision and blindness in the United States are age-related eye diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/maculardegeneration.html">macular degeneration</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cataract.html">cataracts</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/glaucoma.html">glaucoma</a>. Other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyediseases.html">eye disorders</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinjuries.html">eye injuries</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthdefects.html">birth defects</a> can also cause vision loss.</p> <h3>How is vision impairment diagnosed?</h3> <p>Vision impairment is diagnosed with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html">dilated eye exam</a>. Early warning signs of a vision problem can include not being able to see well enough to:</p> <ul> <li>Do everyday tasks like reading and driving</li> <li>Recognize people's faces</li> <li>Tell the difference between colors</li> <li>See the television or computer screen clearly</li> </ul> <p>You can have these symptoms even though you are wearing glasses or contacts.</p> <h3>What are the types of low vision?</h3> <p>There are several types of low vision. Which type you have depends on the condition that caused your low vision.</p> <p>Common types of low vision include:</p> <ul> <li>Central vision loss (not being able to see things in the center of your vision)</li> <li>Peripheral (side) vision loss (not being able to see things out of the corners of your eyes)</li> <li>Night blindness (not being able to see in low light)</li> <li>Blurry or hazy vision</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for low vision?</h3> <p>Low vision is permanent. Glasses, medicine, and surgery can't cure low vision. But sometimes they can improve your vision, help you do everyday activities more easily, or keep your remaining vision.</p> <p>Your treatment options will depend on the condition that caused your low vision. Ask your eye doctor which treatments might help you. They may recommend vision aids or vision rehabilitation, which might make everyday activities easier.</p> <p>Vision rehabilitation teaches you how to live with your vision loss. It may include:</p> <ul> <li>Showing you how to use a magnifying device or screen readers for reading</li> <li>Helping you set up your home so you can move around more easily</li> <li>Employment and job training</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/assistivedevices.html">Assistive devices</a>, like lighting and reading stands</li> </ul> <p>Your provider may suggest other resources, such as transportation and household services, to help you cope with your vision loss.</p> <h3>How can I make the most of my remaining sight?</h3> <p>The sooner vision loss or eye disease is found and treated, the greater your chances of keeping your remaining vision. Whatever the cause, lost vision cannot be restored. But it can be managed. A loss of vision means you may have to reorganize your life and learn new ways of doing things. Your provider may make suggestions to help make life easier. These may include:</p> <p>If you have <strong>some vision</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>Visual aids such as magnifiers</li> <li>Telescopic glasses or monoculars for seeing distance</li> <li>Large print books</li> <li>Clocks with larger numbers</li> <li>Brighter lights</li> <li>Anti-glare sunglasses or glare shields</li> </ul> <p>If you have <strong>no vision</strong> (blindness):</p> <ul> <li>Devices like text-reading software and braille books</li> </ul> <h3>Can vision impairment be prevented?</h3> <p>You can help take care of your vision by:</p> <ul> <li>Having regular comprehensive eye exams by an eye care professional</li> <li>Wearing sunglasses and protective eyewear to protect your eyes</li> <li>Making lifestyle changes to lower your risk of health conditions that can cause vision problems: <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Getting regular physical activity</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightcontrol.html">Staying at a healthy weight</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/quittingsmoking.html">Quitting smoking</a> (or not starting)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nutrition.html">Eating a healthy diet</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Eye Institute</p> Eyes and Vision Problemas y pérdida de la visión Vision Disorders Spanish National Eye Institute Amblyopia Assistive Devices Cataract Diabetic Eye Problems Eye Care Eye Diseases Eye Injuries Glaucoma Macular Degeneration Retinal Disorders Blindness Low Vision Related Issues American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Children National Eye Institute Video NIH Older Adults National Institute on Aging NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert American Foundation for the Blind Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Test Your Knowledge American Foundation for the Blind Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Images National Eye Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Ophthalmology Statistics and Research National Eye Institute NIH Symptoms American Academy of Ophthalmology Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American Academy of Ophthalmology Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Eye Institute NIH Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Eye Institute NIH Living With American Academy of Ophthalmology Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Eye Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Merck & Co., Inc. Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Medical Encyclopedia Video Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Eye Institute NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Living With American Foundation for the Blind Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Older Adults National Institutes of Health NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation <p>Your vital signs show how well your body is functioning. They are usually measured at doctor's offices, often as part of a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthcheckup.html">health checkup</a>, or during an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/emergencymedicalservices.html">emergency room</a> visit. They include:</p><ul> <li><strong>Blood pressure,</strong> which measures the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Blood pressure that is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">too high</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lowbloodpressure.html">too low</a> can cause problems. Your blood pressure has two numbers. The first number is the pressure when your heart beats and is pumping the blood. The second is from when your heart is at rest, between beats. A normal blood pressure reading for adults is lower than 120/80 and higher than 90/60.</li> <li><strong>Heart rate,</strong> or pulse, which measures how fast your heart is beating. A problem with your heart rate may be an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">arrhythmia</a>. Your normal heart rate depends on factors such as your age, how much you exercise, whether you are sitting or standing, which medicines you take, and your weight.</li> <li><strong>Respiratory rate,</strong> which measures your breathing. Mild breathing changes can be from causes such as a stuffy nose or hard exercise. But slow or fast breathing can also be a sign of a serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breathingproblems.html">breathing problem</a>.</li> <li><strong>Temperature,</strong> which measures how hot your body is. A body temperature that is higher than normal (over 98.6 °F, or 37 °C) is called a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a>.</li> </ul> Diagnostic Tests Wellness and Lifestyle Signos vitales Vital Signs Spanish Blood Pressure Breathing Rate Heart Rate Pulse Temperature Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More American Heart Association Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Video Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">Vitamins</a> are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. Vitamin A plays a role in your:</p><ul> <li>Vision</li> <li>Bone growth</li> <li>Reproduction</li> <li>Cell functions</li> <li>Immune system</li> </ul> <p>Vitamin A is an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antioxidants.html">antioxidant</a>. It can come from plant or animal sources. Plant sources include colorful fruits and vegetables. Animal sources include liver and whole milk. Vitamin A is also added to foods like cereals.</p> <p>Vegetarians, young children, and alcoholics may need extra Vitamin A. You might also need more if you have certain conditions, such as liver diseases, cystic fibrosis, and Crohn's disease. Check with your health care provider to see if you need to take vitamin A supplements.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements</p> Food and Nutrition Vitamina A Vitamin A Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Antioxidants Vitamins Retinol Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Start Here Harvard School of Public Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Ascorbic acid <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">Vitamins</a> are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. Vitamin C is an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antioxidants.html">antioxidant</a>. It is important for your skin, bones, and connective tissue. It promotes healing and helps the body absorb iron.</p> <p>Vitamin C comes from fruits and vegetables. Good sources include citrus, red and green peppers, tomatoes, broccoli, and greens. Some juices and cereals have added vitamin C.</p> <p>Some people may need extra vitamin C:</p> <ul> <li>Pregnant/breastfeeding women</li> <li>Smokers</li> <li>People recovering from surgery</li> <li>Burn victims</li> </ul> Food and Nutrition Vitamina C Ascorbic Acid Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Antioxidants Vitamins Ascorbic Acid Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Start Here Harvard School of Public Health Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Cholecalciferol Ergocalciferol <h3> Why do I need vitamin D?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">Vitamins</a> are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. Vitamin D is important to your body because:</p> <ul> <li>It helps your body absorb <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a>. Calcium is one of the main building blocks of bone. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminddeficiency.html">A lack of vitamin D</a> can lead to bone diseases such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rickets.html">rickets</a>.</li> <li>It also has a role in your nerve, muscle, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/immunesystemanddisorders.html">immune</a> systems: <ul> <li>Your muscles need it to move</li> <li>Your nerves need it to carry messages between your brain and your body</li> <li>Your immune system needs vitamin D to fight off bacteria and viruses</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>How do I get vitamin D?</h3> <p>You can get vitamin D in three ways: through your skin, from your diet, and from supplements. Your body forms vitamin D naturally after <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">exposure to sunlight</a>. However, too much sun exposure can lead to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skinaging.html">skin aging</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/skincancer.html">skin cancer</a>. So many people try to get their vitamin D from other sources.</p> <p>Very few foods naturally contain vitamin D. Most people get vitamin D in their diet from foods that are fortified. This means that vitamin D is added to the food. These foods may include milk, cereal, and yogurt. Foods that naturally have vitamin D include egg yolks, saltwater fish, and liver. </p> <p>Vitamin D is available in supplements. It is also included in many multivitamins. The two forms of vitamin D in supplements are D2 and D3. Both types increase vitamin D in your blood, but D3 might raise it higher and for longer than D2. Vitamin D is fat soluble. You can absorb it better when you take your supplements with a meal or snack that includes some fat.</p> <h3>How much vitamin D do I need?</h3> <p>The amount of vitamin D you need each day depends on your age. The recommended amounts, in international units (IU), are:</p><ul> <li>Birth to 12 months: 400 IU</li> <li>Children 1-13 years: 600 IU</li> <li>Teens 14-18 years: 600 IU</li> <li>Adults 19-70 years: 600 IU</li> <li>Adults 71 years and older: 800 IU</li> <li>People who are pregnant or breastfeeding: 600 IU</li> </ul> <p>But certain people may need extra vitamin D, such as:</p> <ul> <li>Older adults</li> <li>Breastfed infants</li> <li>People with dark skin</li> <li>People with certain conditions that limit the absorption of fat, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html">Crohn's disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html">celiac disease</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html">ulcerative colitis</a></li> <li>People who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a> or have had <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html">gastric bypass surgery</a></li> </ul> <p>Check with your health care provider to see if you need to take vitamin D supplements, and if so, how much you should take. Your provider may want to first do a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-d-test/">vitamin D test </a> to see if you are getting enough of it.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements</p> Food and Nutrition Vitamina D Vitamin D Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) Korean Spanish Vietnamese NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Rickets Vitamin D Deficiency Vitamins Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Journal Articles Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Statistics and Research Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Hypovitaminosis D Low Vitamin D <h3>What is vitamin D deficiency?</h3> <p>Vitamin D deficiency means that your body is not getting enough vitamin D to stay healthy.</p> <h3>Why do I need vitamin D and how do I get it?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">Vitamin D</a> helps your body absorb <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a>. Calcium is one of the main building blocks of bone. Vitamin D also has a role in your nervous, muscle, and immune systems.</p> <p>You can get vitamin D in three ways: through your skin, from your diet, and from supplements. Your body forms vitamin D naturally after exposure to sunlight. But too much <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sunexposure.html">sun exposure</a> can lead to skin aging and skin cancer, so many people try to get their vitamin D from other sources.</p> <h3>How much vitamin D do I need?</h3> <p>The amount of vitamin D you need each day depends on your age. The recommended amounts, in international units (IU), are:</p><ul> <li>Birth to 12 months: 400 IU</li> <li>Children 1-13 years: 600 IU</li> <li>Teens 14-18 years: 600 IU</li> <li>Adults 19-70 years: 600 IU</li> <li>Adults 71 years and older: 800 IU</li> <li>Pregnant and breastfeeding women: 600 IU</li> </ul> <p>People at high risk of vitamin D deficiency may need more. Check with your health care provider about how much you need.</p> <h3>What causes vitamin D deficiency?</h3> <p>You can become deficient in vitamin D for different reasons:</p><ul> <li>You don't get enough vitamin D in your diet</li> <li>You don't absorb enough vitamin D from food (a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/malabsorptionsyndromes.html">malabsorption problem</a>)</li> <li>You don't get enough exposure to sunlight</li> <li>Your liver or kidneys cannot convert vitamin D to its active form in the body</li> <li>You take medicines that interfere with your body's ability to convert or absorb vitamin D</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk of vitamin D deficiency?</h3> <p>Some people are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency:</p><ul> <li>Breastfed infants, because human milk is a poor source of vitamin D. If you are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html">breastfeeding</a>, give your infant a supplement of 400 IU of vitamin D every day.</li> <li>Older adults, because your skin doesn't make vitamin D when exposed to sunlight as efficiently as when you were young, and your kidneys are less able to convert vitamin D to its active form.</li> <li>People with dark skin, which has less ability to produce vitamin D from the sun.</li> <li>People with conditions that make it difficult to absorb nutrients from food, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/crohnsdisease.html">Crohn's disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ulcerativecolitis.html">ulcerative colitis</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/celiacdisease.html">celiac disease</a>.</li> <li>People who have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>, because their body fat binds to some vitamin D and prevents it from getting into the blood.</li> <li>People who have had gastric bypass surgery, a type of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html">weight loss surgery</a> which creates a bypass of part of the small intestine. Since vitamin D is absorbed there, bypassing part of it makes it harder to absorb enough vitamin D. </li> <li>People with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html">chronic kidney</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/liverdiseases.html">liver disease</a>, which can affect your ability to change vitamin D into a form your body can use.</li> <li>People who take medicines that affect vitamin D levels, including certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterolmedicines.html">cholesterol</a>, anti-seizure, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">steroid</a>, and weight-loss medicines.</li> </ul> <p>Talk with your provider if you are at risk for vitamin D deficiency. There is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/vitamin-d-test/">blood test</a> that can measure how much vitamin D is in your body.</p> <h3>What problems does vitamin D deficiency cause?</h3> <p>Vitamin D deficiency can lead to a loss of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html">bone density</a>, which can contribute to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fractures</a> (broken bones).</p> <p>Severe vitamin D deficiency can also lead to other diseases:</p> <ul> <li>In children, it can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rickets.html">rickets</a>. Rickets is a rare disease that causes the bones to become soft and bend. African American infants and children are at higher risk of getting rickets.</li> <li>In adults, severe vitamin D deficiency leads to osteomalacia. Osteomalacia causes weak bones, bone pain, and muscle weakness.</li> </ul> <h3>How can I get more vitamin D?</h3> <p>There are a few foods that naturally have some vitamin D:</p><ul> <li>Fatty fish such as salmon, tuna, and mackerel</li> <li>Beef liver</li> <li>Cheese</li> <li>Mushrooms</li> <li>Egg yolks</li> </ul> <p>You can also get vitamin D from fortified foods. You can check the <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/foodlabeling.html">food labels</a> to find out whether a food has vitamin D. Foods that often have added vitamin D include:</p><ul> <li>Milk</li> <li>Breakfast cereals</li> <li>Orange juice</li> <li>Other dairy products, such as yogurt</li> <li>Soy drinks</li> </ul> <p>Vitamin D is in many multivitamins. There are also vitamin D supplements, both in pills and in a liquid for babies.</p> <p>If you have vitamin D deficiency, the treatment is with supplements. Check with your provider about how much you need to take, how often you need to take it, and how long you need to take it.</p> <h3>Can too much vitamin D be harmful?</h3> <p>Getting too much vitamin D (known as vitamin D toxicity) can be harmful. Signs of toxicity include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">nausea and vomiting</a>, poor appetite, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/constipation.html">constipation</a>, weakness, and weight loss.</p> <p>Very high levels of vitamin D can damage the kidneys. It also raises the level of calcium in your blood. High levels of blood calcium (hypercalcemia) can cause confusion, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html">kidney failure</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arrhythmia.html">irregular heartbeat</a> (arrhythmia).</p> <p>Most cases of vitamin D toxicity happen when someone overuses vitamin D supplements. You cannot get too much vitamin D from sun exposure because the skin limits the amount of vitamin D it makes.</p> Food and Nutrition Deficiencia de vitamina D Vitamin D Deficiency Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Osteomalacia Patient Handouts Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Learn More Harvard School of Public Health Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">Vitamins</a> are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. Vitamin E is an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antioxidants.html">antioxidant</a>. It plays a role in your immune system and metabolic processes.</p> <p>Good sources of vitamin E include:</p><ul> <li>Vegetable oils</li> <li>Margarine</li> <li>Nuts and seeds</li> <li>Leafy greens</li> </ul> <p>Vitamin E is also added to foods like cereals. Most people get enough vitamin E from the foods they eat. People with certain disorders, such as liver diseases, cystic fibrosis, and Crohn's disease may need extra vitamin E. </p> <p>Vitamin E supplements may be harmful for people who take blood thinners and other medicines. Check with your health care provider before taking the supplements.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements</p> Food and Nutrition Vitamina E Vitamin E Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Alpha-tocopherol Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Journal Articles Learn More National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Harvard School of Public Health Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">Vitamins</a> are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. Vitamin K helps your body by making proteins for healthy bones and tissues. It also makes proteins for blood clotting. If you don't have enough vitamin K, you may <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bleedingdisorders.html">bleed</a> too much.</p> <p>Newborns have very little vitamin K. They usually get a shot of vitamin K soon after they are born.</p> <p>If you take <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodthinners.html">blood thinners</a>, you need to be careful about how much vitamin K you get. You also need to be careful about taking vitamin E supplements. Vitamin E can interfere with how vitamin K works in your body. Ask your health care provider for recommendations about these vitamins.</p> <p>There are different types of vitamin K. Most people get vitamin K from plants such as green vegetables, and dark berries. Bacteria in your intestines also produce small amounts of another type of vitamin K.</p> Food and Nutrition Vitamina K Vitamin K Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Learn More World Federation of Hemophilia Patient Handouts Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Learn More Harvard School of Public Health Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Carotenoides Retinol <p> Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a> son sustancias que el cuerpo necesita para crecer y se desarrollarse en forma normal. La vitamina A juega un rol en su:</p> <ul> <li>Visión</li> <li>Crecimiento de los huesos</li> <li>Aparato reproductivo</li> <li>Funciones celulares</li> <li>Sistema inmune</li> </ul> <p>La vitamina A es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antioxidants.html">antioxidante</a>. Se obtiene de las plantas o animales. Buenas fuentes son frutas de colores y verduras. Las fuentes animales incluyen el hígado y la leche entera. La vitamina A también es agregada a algunos alimentos como los cereales.</p> <p>Los vegetarianos, niños pequeños y alcohólicos quizás necesiten más vitamina A. También puede necesitar mayor cantidad si padece ciertas afecciones como enfermedades del hígado, fibrosis quística y enfermedad de Crohn. Pregúntele a su proveedor de salud si usted necesita suplementos de vitamina A.</p> <p class="">NIH: Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</p> Alimentos y nutrición Vitamin A Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Oftalmología <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a> son sustancias que su cuerpo necesita para crecer y funcionar en forma normal. La vitamina C es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antioxidants.html">antioxidante</a>. Es importante para la piel, los huesos y el tejido conectivo. Promueve la curación y ayuda al cuerpo a absorber el hierro.</p> <p>La vitamina C viene de las frutas y verduras. Buenas fuentes de esta vitamina incluyen los cítricos, los pimentones rojos y verdes, tomates, brócoli y las verduras de hoja verde. Algunos jugos y cereales tienen vitamina C adicional.</p> <p>Algunas personas necesitan vitamina C extra:</p> <ul> <li>Mujeres embarazadas o dando pecho</li> <li>Fumadores</li> <li>Personas recuperándose de una cirugía</li> <li>Víctimas de quemaduras</li> </ul> Alimentos y nutrición Vitamin C Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <h3>¿Por qué necesito vitamina D?</h3> <p>Las vitaminas son sustancias que su cuerpo necesita para crecer y desarrollarse normalmente. La vitamina D es importante para su cuerpo porque:</p> <ul> <li>Ayuda a absorber <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/calcium.html">calcio</a>. El calcio es uno de los principales bloques de construcción de los huesos. Una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminddeficiency.html">deficiencia de vitamina D</a> puede provocar afecciones de los huesos, como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/osteoporosis.html">osteoporosis</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/rickets.html">raquitismo</a></li> <li>Tiene un papel en los nervios, músculos y sistema <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/immunesystemanddisorders.html">inmunitario</a>: <ul> <li>Sus músculos la necesitan para moverse</li> <li>Sus nervios la necesitan para llevar mensajes entre su cerebro y su cuerpo</li> <li>Su sistema inmunitario necesita vitamina D para combatir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bacterialinfections.html">bacterias</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/viralinfections.html">virus</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>¿Cómo obtengo vitamina D?</h3> <p>Usted puede obtener vitamina D de tres maneras: a través de su piel, en su dieta y en forma de suplementos. Su cuerpo forma vitamina D en forma natural después de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">exponerse a la luz solar</a>. No obstante, demasiada exposición solar puede provocar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skinaging.html">envejecimiento de la piel</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/skincancer.html">cáncer de piel</a>. Por esta razón, muchas personas intentan obtener vitamina D de otras fuentes.</p> <p>Muy pocos alimentos contienen vitamina D de manera natural. La mayoría de las personas obtiene vitamina D en su dieta de alimentos que son fortificados. Estos alimentos pueden incluir leche, cereal y yogur. Los alimentos que contienen vitamina D naturalmente son yemas de huevo, pescado de agua salada e hígado.</p> <p>La vitamina D está disponible en suplementos. También se incluye en muchos suplementos multivitamínicos. Las dos formas de vitamina D en suplementos son D2 y D3. Ambos tipos aumentan la vitamina D en su sangre, pero la vitamina D3 puede elevarla más y por más tiempo que la D2. La vitamina D se disuelve con la grasa. Usted puede absorberla mejor cuando toma sus suplementos con una comida o refrigerio que incluya algo de grasa.</p> <h3>¿Cuánta vitamina D necesito?</h3> <p>La cantidad de vitamina D que usted necesita cada día depende de su edad. La cantidad recomendada en unidades internacionales (IU por sus siglas en inglés) son:</p> <ul> <li>Del nacimiento a los 12 meses: 400 IU</li> <li>Niños de 1 a 13 años: 600 IU</li> <li>Adolescentes de 14 a 18 años: 600 IU</li> <li>Adultos de 19 a 70 años: 600 IU</li> <li>Adultos de 71 años y más: 800 IU</li> <li>Personas embarazadas o amamantando: 600 IU</li> </ul> <p>Sin embargo, ciertas personas pueden necesitar vitamina D extra como:</p> <ul> <li>Adultos mayores</li> <li>Bebés amamantados</li> <li>Personas con tono de piel oscura</li> <li>Personas con ciertas afecciones que limitan su absorción de grasa como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/crohnsdisease.html">enfermedad de Crohn</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/celiacdisease.html">enfermedad celíaca</a>, y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ulcerativecolitis.html">colitis ulcerativa</a></li> <li>Personas que tienen <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/obesity.html">obesidad</a> o han tenido <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightlosssurgery.html">cirugía de bypass gástrico</a></li> </ul> <p>Pregunte a su profesional de la salud si necesita tomar suplementos de vitamina D y, si es así, cuánto debe tomar. Su profesional de la salud puede pedir una prueba de vitamina D para saber si está obteniendo lo suficiente. </p> <p class="">NIH: Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos </p> Alimentos y nutrición Vitamin D Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Raquitismo Vitaminas Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Pruebe su conocimiento Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a> son sustancias que su cuerpo necesita para crecer y desarrollarse en forma normal. La vitamina E es un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/antioxidants.html">antioxidante</a>. Juega un papel en los procesos de su sistema inmunitario y metabólico. </p> <p> Buenas fuentes de vitamina E incluyen:</p><ul> <li>Aceites vegetales</li> <li>Margarina</li> <li>Nueces y semillas</li> <li>Verduras de hojas</li> </ul> <p>La vitamina E también se encuentra en los cereales. La mayoría de la gente consume suficiente vitamina E a través de la dieta. Las personas que padecen enfermedades tal como trastornos hepáticos, fibrosis quística y enfermedad de Crohn pueden necesitar más vitamina E.</p> <p>Los suplementos de vitamina E pueden ser dañinos para las personas que toman anticoagulantes u otros medicamentos. Consulte con su proveedor de salud antes de consumir cualquier suplemento. </p> <p class="">NIH: Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</p> Alimentos y nutrición Vitamin E Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Filoquinona <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a> son sustancias que ayudan a su cuerpo a crecer y desarrollarse en forma normal. La vitamina K ayuda al cuerpo a construir huesos y tejidos saludables a través de las proteínas. También produce proteínas que ayudan a coagular la sangre. Si no tiene suficiente vitamina K, podría <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bleedingdisorders.html">sangrar mucho</a>.</p> <p>Los recién nacidos tienen muy poca vitamina K. Frecuentemente reciben una vacuna de vitamina K poco después de nacer.</p> <p>Si está tomando <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bloodthinners.html">anticoagulantes</a>, necesita tener cuidado con la cantidad de vitamina K que consume. También necesitaría tener cuidado al consumir suplementos de vitamina E. La <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamine.html">vitamina E</a> puede interferir con la manera en que la vitamina K se procesa en el cuerpo. Hable con su proveedor de salud para que le aconseje sobre el consumo de estas vitaminas.</p> <p>Hay diferentes tipos de vitamina K. La mayoría de las personas consume vitamina K a través de las verduras de hojas y las bayas de color oscuro. Las bacterias en su intestino también producen pequeñas cantidades de vitamina K.</p> Alimentos y nutrición Vitamin K Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Más información Spanish/Español Hospital de Investigación sobre Niños St. Jude PDF Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Más información Spanish/Español Federación Mundial de Hemofilia Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades PDF Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica <p>Las vitaminas son sustancias que el cuerpo necesita para crecer y desarrollarse normalmente. Su cuerpo necesita 13 vitaminas. Estas son:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamina.html">Vitamina A</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html">Vitaminas B</a> (tiamina, riboflavina, niacina, ácido pantoténico, biotina, vitamina B-6, vitamina B-12 y folato o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html">ácido fólico</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitaminc.html">Vitamina C</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamind.html">Vitamina D</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamine.html">Vitamina E</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamink.html">Vitamina K</a></li> </ul> <p>Por lo general, las vitaminas provienen de los alimentos que consume. El cuerpo también puede producir vitaminas D y K. Las personas que llevan una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vegetariandiet.html">dieta vegetariana</a> pueden necesitar un suplemento de vitamina B12. </p> <p>Cada vitamina tiene funciones específicas. Si tiene bajos niveles de determinadas vitaminas, puede tener problemas de salud. Por ejemplo, si no recibe suficiente vitamina C, podría desarrollar anemia. Algunas vitaminas pueden ayudar a prevenir los problemas médicos. La vitamina A previene la ceguera nocturna.</p> <p>La mejor manera de obtener suficientes vitaminas es mantener una dieta balanceada con alimentos variados. En algunos casos, es posible que se necesite un multivitamínico diario. Es una buena idea hablar con su proveedor de salud al respecto. Altas dosis de algunas vitaminas pueden ocasionar problemas.</p> Alimentos y nutrición Vitamins Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Antioxidantes Calcio Medicina herbaria Minerales en la dieta Nutrición Suplementos en la dieta Vitamina A Vitamina C Vitamina D Vitamina E Vitamina K Vitaminas B Ácido fólico Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Vitaminas del complejo B <p>Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vitamins.html">vitaminas</a> son sustancias que el cuerpo necesita para crecer y desarrollarse normalmente. Las vitaminas B son:</p> <ul> <li>B1 (tiamina)</li> <li>B2 (riboflavina)</li> <li>B3 (niacina)</li> <li>B5 (ácido pantoténico)</li> <li>B6</li> <li>B7 (biotina)</li> <li>B12</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/folicacid.html">Ácido fólico</a></li> </ul> <p>Estas vitaminas ayudan al proceso que hace su cuerpo para obtener energía de la comida que usted consume. También ayudan a formar glóbulos rojos. Usted puede obtener vitaminas B en las proteínas como pescado, pollo, carne de res, huevos y productos lácteos. Los vegetales de hojas verdes, frijoles y judías también tienen vitaminas B. A algunos cereales y panes también se les ha agregado vitaminas B.</p> <p>Si usted sufre una deficiencia de vitaminas B, puede sufrir enfermedades. La falta de las vitaminas B12 o B 6 puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/anemia.html">anemia</a>.</p> Alimentos y nutrición B Vitamins Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Vitaminas Ácido fólico Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH <p>Vitamins are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. There are 13 vitamins your body needs. They are:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamina.html">Vitamin A</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bvitamins.html">B vitamins</a> (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12 and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/folicacid.html">folate</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitaminc.html">Vitamin C</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">Vitamin D</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamine.html">Vitamin E</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamink.html">Vitamin K</a></li> </ul> <p>You can usually get all your vitamins from the foods you eat. Your body can also make vitamins D and K. People who eat a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vegetariandiet.html">vegetarian diet </a>may need to take a vitamin B12 supplement. </p> <p>Each vitamin has specific jobs. If you have low levels of certain vitamins, you may get health problems. For example, if you don't get enough vitamin C, you could become anemic. Some vitamins may help prevent medical problems. Vitamin A prevents night blindness.</p> <p>The best way to get enough vitamins is to eat a balanced diet with a variety of foods. In some cases, you may need to take vitamin supplements. It's a good idea to ask your health care provider first. High doses of some vitamins can cause problems.</p> Food and Nutrition Vitaminas Vitamins therapeutic use Micronutrients therapeutic use Spanish NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Antioxidants B Vitamins Calcium Dietary Supplements Folic Acid Herbal Medicine Minerals Nutrition Vitamin A Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert Food and Nutrition Information Center Related Issues Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Start Here National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians <p>Vitiligo causes white patches on your skin. It can also affect your eyes, mouth, and nose. It occurs when the cells that give your skin its color are destroyed. No one knows what destroys them. It is more common in people with autoimmune diseases, and it might run in families. It usually starts before age 40. </p> <p>The white patches are more common where your skin is exposed to the sun. In some cases, the patches spread. Vitiligo can cause your hair to gray early. If you have dark skin, you may lose color inside your mouth. </p> <p>Using sunscreen will help protect your skin, and cosmetics can cover up the patches. Treatments for vitiligo include medicines, light therapy, and surgery. Not every treatment is right for everyone. Many have side effects. Some take a long time. Some do not always work. </p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases</p> Skin, Hair and Nails Vitiligo Vitiligo Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Skin Pigmentation Disorders Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Find an Expert American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Treatments and Therapies American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Start Here National Institutes of Health NIH Journal Articles Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Osteopathic College of Dermatology Images VisualDX Children Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH <p>El vitiligo causa manchas blancas en la piel. También afecta sus ojos, boca y nariz. Ocurre cuando se destruyen las células que dan color a la piel. No se conoce la causa de la destrucción celular. Es más común entre las personas con enfermedades autoinmunes y puede tener una tendencia familiar. Suele comenzar antes de los 40 años. </p> <p>Las manchas blancas son más comunes donde la piel está expuesta al sol. En algunos casos, las manchas se diseminan. El vitiligo puede provocar la aparición anticipada de canas. Si tiene la piel oscura, puede perder color dentro de la boca. </p> <p>El uso de bloqueadores solares lo ayudará a proteger su piel y los cosméticos pueden cubrir las manchas. El tratamiento del vitiligo incluye medicinas, fototerapia y cirugía. No todos los tratamientos son adecuados para todas las personas. Muchos tienen efectos secundarios. Algunos necesitan un largo tiempo. Algunos no siempre surten efecto. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel </p> Piel, cabello y uñas Vitiligo Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Más información Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Más información Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Fácil de leer Vivir con VIH y sida Vivir con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana <h3>¿Qué es el VIH y el sida?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hiv.html">VIH</a> significa virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Daña su sistema inmunitario al destruir un tipo de glóbulo blanco que ayuda a su cuerpo a combatir las infecciones. Sida significa síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida.</p> <p>Es la etapa final de la infección por VIH. No todas las personas con VIH desarrollan sida.</p> <h3>¿Existen tratamientos para el VIH?</h3> <p>No existe una cura para el VIH, pero hay muchos medicamentos para tratar tanto la <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivmedicines.html">infección por VIH</a> como los problemas de salud e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hivandinfections.html">infecciones</a> (llamadas infecciones oportunistas) que la acompañan. Los medicamentos ayudan a las personas con VIH a tener una vida larga y saludable.</p> <h3>¿Cómo puedo vivir una vida más saludable con el VIH?</h3> <p>Si tiene VIH, puede ayudarse a sí mismo al:</p> <ul> <li>Recibir atención médica tan pronto como sepa que tiene VIH. Debe buscar un profesional de la salud que tenga experiencia en el tratamiento del VIH y sida</li> <li>Tomar sus medicamentos cada día</li> <li>Informar a su proveedor si tiene algún síntoma o problema de salud nuevo</li> <li>Mantenerse al día con su atención médica y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dentalhealth.html">dental habitual</a>. Esto incluye estar al día con sus <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html">pruebas de detección</a> y <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/vaccines.html">vacunas recomendadas</a>. Su profesional de la salud puede indicarle cuáles necesita</li> <li>Manejar el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/stress.html">estrés</a> y obtener ayuda, como grupos de apoyo, terapeutas y organizaciones de servicios sociales</li> <li>Tratar de llevar un estilo de vida saludable, incluyendo:</li> <ul> <li>Consumir alimentos saludables: Esto puede brindarle a su cuerpo la energía que necesita para combatir el VIH y otras infecciones. También puede ayudarle a controlar los síntomas del VIH y los <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/drugreactions.html">efectos secundarios de los medicamentos</a>. También puede mejorar la absorción de sus medicamentos contra el VIH</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">Hacer actividad física con regularidad</a>: Esto puede fortalecer su cuerpo y su sistema inmunitario. También puede reducir el riesgo de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/depression.html">depresión</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Dormir lo suficiente</a>: El sueño es importante para su fuerza física y salud mental</li> <li>No fumar: Las personas con VIH que fuman tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar afecciones como ciertos tipos de cáncer e infecciones. Fumar también puede interferir con sus medicamentos. Hable con su proveedor si necesita ayuda para <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/quittingsmoking.html">dejar de fumar</a></li> <li>Evitar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/alcohol.html">beber en exceso</a> o <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druguseandaddiction.html">tomar drogas ilegales</a>: Esto puede dañar su hígado, lo que significa que su medicamento contra el VIH podría no funcionar bien. También pueden dificultar que su cuerpo combata las infecciones</li> <li>Protegerse de las infecciones oportunistas: Hable con su proveedor sobre medicamentos y vacunas que previenen ciertas infecciones oportunistas. También tenga cuidado de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/foodsafety.html">evitar la exposición a alimentos y agua contaminados</a></li> </ul> </ul> <p>También es importante reducir el riesgo de transmitir el VIH a otras personas. Debe decirles a sus parejas sexuales que tiene el VIH y usar siempre condón de látex. Si usted o su pareja es <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/latexallergy.html">alérgica al látex</a>, puede usar condones de poliuretano.</p> Sistema inmunitario Living with HIV Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Medicinas para el VIH Sarcoma de Kaposi VIH VIH en mujeres VIH y el embarazo VIH y las infecciones Sida, Vivir con VIH y sida: Viviendo con Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Especialistas Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Infografía Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Merck & Co., Inc. Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Estudios clínicos Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Información de referencia Spanish/Español Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Spanish/Español Imágenes Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Infografía Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Departamento de Agricultura, Servicio de Inocuidad e Inspección de los Alimentos Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Comience aquí Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina PDF NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Trastornos Neurológicos y Accidentes Cerebrovasculares NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional sobre el Envejecimiento NIH Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Mujeres Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de Investigación Dental y Craneofacial NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Oficina de Investigación del SIDA de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Infografía Prevención de enfermedades Vida saludable <p>Muchos factores afectan su salud. Algunos no se pueden controlar, como la constitución genética o la edad. Pero usted puede modificar su estilo de vida. Al tomar la iniciativa hacia una vida saludable, usted ayuda a reducir su riesgo de enfermedad cardiaca, cáncer, derrame cerebral y otras enfermedades serias:</p> <ul> <li>Consulte a un médico para realizarse <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthscreening.html">chequeos periódicos</a></li> <li>Mantenga un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/weightcontrol.html">peso saludable</a></li> <li>Consuma una variedad de <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/nutrition.html">alimentos</a> sanos y limite las calorías y las grasas saturadas </li> <li>Haga <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html">ejercicio</a> </li> <li>Controle su <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtopreventhighbloodpressure.html"> presión arterial</a> y el <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtolowercholesterol.html">colesterol</a></li> <li>No fume</li> <li>Tome alcohol en forma moderada o no beba</li> <li>Protéjase del <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/sunexposure.html">exceso de sol</a> </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/healthysleep.html">Duerma lo suficiente</a> cada día</li> <li>Procure <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/howtoimprovementalhealth.html">mejorar su salud mental</a>, por ejemplo, al practicar la meditación, técnicas de relajación o ser agradecido</li> </ul> <p class="">Agencia Para la Calidad e Investigación y Cuidado de la Salud</p> Bienestar y estilo de vida Healthy Living Cómo mejorar la salud mental Cómo prevenir las enfermedades del corazón Ejercicio y estado físico Estilo de vida saludable Mantenerse saludable Mantenimiento de la salud Prevenir enfermedades y mantenerse saludable Salud, Mantenimiento de la Comience aquí Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Personas mayores Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Hombres Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Hombres Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Spanish/Español Estadísticas e investigación Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Mujeres Spanish/Español Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Spanish/Español Mujeres Agencia para la Investigación y Calidad de la Atención Médica PDF Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Fácil de leer Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Niños/as Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Spanish/Español Niños/as Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <h3>What is cholesterol?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cholesterol.html">Cholesterol</a> is a waxy, fat-like substance that's found in all the cells in your body. Your liver makes cholesterol, and it is also in some foods, such as meat and dairy products. Your body needs some cholesterol to work properly. But having too much cholesterol in your blood raises your risk of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html">coronary artery disease</a>.</p> <h3>What is VLDL cholesterol?</h3> <p>VLDL stands for very-low-density lipoprotein. Your liver makes VLDL and releases it into your bloodstream. The VLDL particles mainly carry <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/triglycerides.html">triglycerides</a>, another type of fat, to your tissues. VLDL is similar to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html">LDL cholesterol</a>, but LDL mainly carries cholesterol to your tissues instead of triglycerides.</p> <p>VLDL and LDL are sometimes called "bad" cholesterols because they can contribute to the buildup of plaque in your arteries. This buildup is called <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/atherosclerosis.html">atherosclerosis</a>. The plaque that builds up is a sticky substance made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, the plaque hardens and narrows your arteries. This limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your body. It can lead to coronary artery disease and other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart diseases</a>.</p> <h3>How do I know what my VLDL level is?</h3> <p>There isn't a way to directly measure your VLDL level. Instead, you will most likely get a blood test to measure your triglyceride level. The lab can use your triglyceride level to estimate what your VLDL level is. Your VLDL is about one-fifth of your triglyceride level. However, estimating your VLDL this way does not work if your triglyceride level is very high.</p> <h3>What should my VLDL level be?</h3> <p>Your VLDL level should be less than 30 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter). Anything higher than that puts you at risk of heart disease and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/stroke.html">stroke</a>.</p> <h3>How can I lower my VLDL level?</h3> <p>Because VLDL and triglycerides are linked, you can lower your VLDL level by lowering your triglyceride level. You may be able to lower your triglycerides with a combination of losing weight, changing your diet, and getting exercise. It is important to switch to healthy fats and cut back on sugar and alcohol. Some people may also need to take medicines.</p> Blood, Heart and Circulation Food and Nutrition Lipoproteína de muy baja densidad (VLDL) Cholesterol, VLDL Spanish National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cholesterol Cholesterol Medicines Dietary Fats HDL: The "Good" Cholesterol LDL: The "Bad" Cholesterol Triglycerides Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More National Library of Medicine NIH Journal Articles Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Learn More Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Vocal disorders <p>Voice is the sound made by air passing from your lungs through your larynx, or voice box. In your larynx are your vocal cords, two bands of muscle that vibrate to make sound. For most of us, our voices play a big part in who we are, what we do, and how we communicate. Like fingerprints, each person's voice is unique.</p> <p>Many things we do can injure our vocal cords. Talking too much, screaming, constantly clearing your throat, or smoking can make you hoarse. They can also lead to problems such as nodules, polyps, and sores on the vocal cords. Other causes of voice disorders include infections, upward movement of stomach acids into the throat, growths due to a virus, cancer, and diseases that paralyze the vocal cords.</p> <p>Signs that your voice isn't healthy include:</p><ul> <li>Your voice has become hoarse or raspy</li> <li>You've lost the ability to hit some high notes when singing</li> <li>Your voice suddenly sounds deeper</li> <li>Your throat often feels raw, achy, or strained</li> <li>It's become an effort to talk</li> </ul> <p>Treatment for voice disorders varies depending on the cause. Most voice problems can be successfully treated when diagnosed early.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders</p> Mouth and Teeth Trastornos de la voz Voice Disorders Spanish National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Head and Neck Cancer Mouth Disorders Speech and Communication Disorders Throat Disorders Laryngitis Vocal Cord Problems Voicebox Disorders Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Find an Expert American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Prevention and Risk Factors National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Video Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Start Here American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Find an Expert National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Specifics Nemours Foundation Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Start Here National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH Specifics American Thoracic Society PDF Children Nemours Foundation <p>Un volcán es una abertura en la corteza terrestre. Cuando un volcán hace erupción, salen a la superficie terrestre rocas calientes, vapor, gases tóxicos y cenizas. Una erupción también puede causar <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/earthquakes.html">terremotos</a>, flujos de lodo e <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/floods.html">inundaciones</a> repentinas, caídas de rocas y deslizamientos de tierra, lluvia ácida, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/wildfires.html">incendios</a>, y hasta <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/tsunamis.html">tsunamis</a>. </p> <p>El gas y las cenizas provenientes del volcán pueden lesionar los pulmones de los niños pequeños, los adultos mayores y las personas con enfermedades respiratorias graves. Las cenizas volcánicas pueden afectar a personas que se encuentren a cientos de millas del lugar de la erupción.</p> <p>Aunque no hay garantías de seguridad durante una erupción volcánica, usted puede tomar medidas para protegerse. Debe tener un <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">plan de acción para casos de desastres</a>. El estar preparado puede ayudar a reducir el miedo, la ansiedad y las pérdidas. Si usted experimenta un desastre, es normal sentirse estresado. Es probable que necesite <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/copingwithdisasters.html">ayuda para superarlo</a>. </p> <p class="">Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias</p> Desastres Volcanoes Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias Más información Spanish/Español Agencia de Protección Ambiental Más información Spanish/Español Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos PDF Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Seguridad Nacional <p>A volcano is a vent in the Earth's crust. Hot rock, steam, poisonous gases, and ash reach the Earth's surface when a volcano erupts. An eruption can also cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/earthquakes.html">earthquakes</a>, mudflows and flash <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html">floods</a>, rock falls and landslides, acid rain, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/wildfires.html">fires</a>, and even <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tsunamis.html">tsunamis</a>.</p> <p>Volcanic gas and ash can damage the lungs of small infants, older adults, and people with severe respiratory illnesses. Volcanic ash can affect people hundreds of miles away from the eruption.</p> <p>Although there are no guarantees of safety during a volcanic eruption, you can take actions to protect yourself. You should have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">disaster plan</a>. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html">ways to cope</a>.</p> <p class="">Federal Emergency Management Agency</p> Disasters Volcanes Volcanic Eruptions Spanish Natural Disasters Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More Federal Emergency Management Agency Learn More Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Learn More U.S. Geological Survey Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More U.S. Geological Survey PDF VHL <h3>What is Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL)?</h3> <p>Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a rare disease that causes tumors and cysts to grow in your body. They can grow in your brain and spinal cord, kidneys, pancreas, adrenal glands, and reproductive tract. The tumors are usually benign (non-cancerous). But some tumors, such as those in the kidney and pancreas, can become cancerous.</p> <h3>What causes Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL)?</h3> <p>VHL is a genetic disease. It is inherited, which means that it is passed down from parent to child.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL)?</h3> <p>Symptoms of VHL depend on the size and location of the tumors. They may include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headaches</a></li> <li>Problems with <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html">balance</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/walkingproblems.html">walking</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dizzinessandvertigo.html">Dizziness</a></li> <li>Weakness of the limbs</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Vision problems</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">High blood pressure</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) diagnosed?</h3> <p>Detecting and treating VHL early is important. Your health care provider may suspect that you have VHL if you have certain patterns of cysts and tumors. There is a genetic test for VHL. If you have it, you will need other tests, including imaging tests, to look for tumors and cysts.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL)?</h3> <p>Treatment can vary, depending on the location and size of the tumors and cysts. It usually involves surgery. Certain tumors may be treated with radiation therapy. The goal is to treat growths while they are small and before they do permanent damage. You will need to have careful monitoring by a doctor and/or medical team familiar with the disorder.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</p> Genetics/Birth Defects Enfermedad de von Hippel-Lindau von Hippel-Lindau Disease Spanish National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke VHL Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Learn More National Society of Genetic Counselors Journal Articles Learn More VHL Alliance Learn More Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center NIH Learn More National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Learn More VHL Alliance <p>Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer. It forms in a woman's external genitals, called the vulva. The cancer usually grows slowly over several years. First, precancerous cells grow on vulvar skin. This is called vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), or dysplasia. Not all VIN cases turn into cancer, but it is best to treat it early.</p> <p>Often, vulvar cancer doesn't cause symptoms at first. However, see your doctor for testing if you notice:</p><ul> <li>A lump in the vulva</li> <li>Vulvar itching or tenderness</li> <li>Bleeding that is not your period</li> <li>Changes in the vulvar skin, such as color changes or growths that look like a wart or ulcer</li> </ul> <p>You are at greater risk if you've had a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html">human papillomavirus</a> (HPV) infection or have a history of genital warts. Your health care provider diagnoses vulvar cancer with a physical exam and a biopsy. Treatment varies, depending on your overall health and how advanced the cancer is. It might include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or biologic therapy. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Women Female Reproductive System Cáncer de vulva Vulvar Neoplasms Spanish National Cancer Institute Vaginal Cancer Vaginal Diseases Vulvar Disorders Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Statistics and Research National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Statistics and Research American Cancer Society Living With American Cancer Society Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Journal Articles Specifics American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Start Here Patient Handouts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH <p>The vulva is the external part of a woman's genitals. Some problems you can have with the vulvar area include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html">Vaginitis</a> or vulvovaginitis, swelling or infection of the vulva and vagina</li> <li>Skin problems due to allergy </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vulvarcancer.html">Vulvar cancer</a></li> <li>Vulvodynia, or vulvar pain</li> </ul> <p>Symptoms may include redness, itching, pain, or cracks in the skin. Treatment depends on the cause.</p> Women Female Reproductive System Enfermedades de la vulva Vulvar Diseases Spanish NIH Office of Research on Women's Health Sexually Transmitted Infections Vaginal Diseases Vaginitis Vulvar Cancer Yeast Infections Vulvodynia Start Here Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Vulvodynia Association Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Children Nemours Foundation Children Boston Children's Hospital Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Journal Articles Treatments and Therapies National Vulvodynia Association Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Prevention and Risk Factors American College of Nurse-Midwives PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Treatments and Therapies National Vulvodynia Association Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here National Vulvodynia Association Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <p>Las venas varicosas son venas hinchadas y retorcidas que pueden verse justo debajo de la piel. Por lo general ocurren en las piernas, pero también se pueden formar en otras partes del cuerpo. Las <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/hemorrhoids.html">hemorroides</a> son un tipo de vena varicosa.</p> <p>Sus venas tienen válvulas que ayudan a mantener la sangre fluyendo en una sola dirección hacia su corazón. Si las válvulas están débiles o dañadas, la sangre puede detenerse y acumularse en las venas. Esto hace que las venas se hinchen, lo que puede conducir a venas varicosas.</p> <p>Las várices son muy comunes. Usted está en mayor riesgo si es mayor, mujer, tiene obesidad, no hace ejercicio o tiene antecedentes familiares de venas varicosas. También pueden ser más comunes durante el embarazo.</p> <p>Los médicos a menudo diagnostican las várices con un examen físico. A veces es posible que necesite pruebas adicionales.</p> <p>Hacer ejercicio, perder peso, elevar las piernas al descansar y no cruzarlas al sentarse puede ayudar a evitar que las várices empeoren. El uso de ropa suelta y evitar largos períodos de pie también puede ayudar. Si las várices son dolorosas o no le gusta su apariencia, su médico puede recomendar procedimientos para extirparlas.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Sangre, corazón y circulación Varicose Veins Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre Varicosas Varicosidad Venas varicosas Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Hombres Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Viviendo con... Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Colegio Americano de Radiología Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Tratamientos y terapias Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Hombres Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Institutos Nacionales de la Salud NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Mujeres Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Niños/as Fundación Nemours Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre NIH <h3>What are walking problems?</h3> <p>If you are like most people, you walk thousands of steps each day. You walk to do your daily activities, get around, and exercise. It's something that you usually don't think about. But for those people who have a problem with walking, daily life can be more difficult.</p> <p>Walking problems may cause you to:</p><ul> <li>Walk with your head and neck bent over</li> <li>Drag, drop, or shuffle your feet</li> <li>Have irregular, jerky movements when walking</li> <li>Take smaller steps</li> <li>Waddle</li> <li>Walk more slowly or stiffly</li> </ul> <h3>What causes walking problems?</h3> <p>The pattern of how you walk is called your gait. Many different diseases and conditions can affect your gait and lead to problems with walking. They include:</p><ul> <li>Abnormal development of the muscles or bones of your <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/leginjuriesanddisorders.html">legs</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/footinjuriesanddisorders.html">feet</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/arthritis.html">Arthritis</a> of the hips, knees, ankles, or feet</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cerebellardisorders.html">Cerebellar disorders</a>, which are disorders of the area of the brain that controls coordination and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/balanceproblems.html">balance</a></li> <li>Foot problems, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cornsandcalluses.html">corns and calluses</a>, sores, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/warts.html">warts</a></li> <li>Infections</li> <li>Injuries, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fractures</a> (broken bones), <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">sprains</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html">tendinitis</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/movementdisorders.html">Movement disorders</a>, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/parkinsonsdisease.html">Parkinson's disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/neurologicdiseases.html">Neurologic diseases</a>, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/multiplesclerosis.html">multiple sclerosis</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/peripheralnervedisorders.html">peripheral nerve disorders</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/visionimpairmentandblindness.html">Vision problems</a></li> </ul> <h3>How is the cause of a walking problem diagnosed?</h3> <p>To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will ask about your medical history and do a physical exam. This will include checking your bones and muscles and doing a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/neurological-exam/">neurological exam</a>. In some cases, you may have other tests, such as lab or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging tests</a>.</p> <h3>What are the treatments for walking problems?</h3> <p>Treatment of walking problems depends on the cause. If the cause is a medical condition, treating that condition often improves your walking. Some common types of treatments for walking problems may include:</p><ul> <li>Medicines</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mobilityaids.html">Mobility aids</a> such as walkers and canes</li> <li>Physical therapy</li> <li>Special shoes, insoles, splints, or braces</li> <li>Surgery</li> </ul> Bones, Joints and Muscles Brain and Nerves Problemas para caminar Gait Disorders, Neurologic Gait Ataxia Gait Apraxia Spanish Ankle Injuries and Disorders Balance Problems Falls Foot Injuries and Disorders Hip Injuries and Disorders Knee Injuries and Disorders Leg Injuries and Disorders Movement Disorders Gait Abnormalities Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Children American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Find an Expert American Physical Therapy Association Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Academy of Family Physicians Diagnosis and Tests American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics National Multiple Sclerosis Society PDF Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Children Nemours Foundation Children American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Living With American Podiatric Medical Association Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Journal Articles Children Nemours Foundation Teenagers American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Children Nemours Foundation Children Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Parkinson's Foundation Specifics National Multiple Sclerosis Society Start Here Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Verruca <p>Warts are growths on your skin caused by an infection with humanpapilloma virus, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html">HPV</a>. Types of warts include :</p><ul> <li>Common warts, which often appear on your fingers </li> <li>Plantar warts, which show up on the soles of your feet </li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genitalwarts.html">Genital warts</a>, which are a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infection</a> (STI)</li> <li>Flat warts, which appear in places you shave frequently </li> </ul> <p>In children, warts often go away on their own. In adults, they tend to stay. If they hurt or bother you, or if they multiply, you can remove them. Chemical skin treatments usually work. If not, various freezing, surgical and laser treatments can remove warts. </p> Infections Skin, Hair and Nails Verrugas Warts Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Plantar Warts Verruca Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Children VisualDX Images VisualDX Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Academy of Dermatology Start Here Nemours Foundation Images VisualDX Children VisualDX Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Images VisualDX Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Journal Articles Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here American Academy of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation <p>We all need clean water. People need it to grow crops and to operate factories, and for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drinkingwater.html">drinking</a> and recreation. Fish and wildlife depend on it to survive. </p> <p>Many different pollutants can harm our rivers, streams, lakes, and oceans. The three most common are soil, nutrients, and bacteria. Rain washes soil into streams and rivers. The soil can kill tiny animals and fish eggs. It can clog the gills of fish and block light, causing plants to die. Nutrients, often from fertilizers, cause problems in lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. Nitrogen and phosphorus make algae grow and can turn water green. Bacteria, often from sewage spills, can pollute fresh or salt water. </p> <p>You can help protect your water supply:</p> <ul> <li>Don't pour household products such as cleansers, beauty products, medicines, auto fluids, paint, and lawn care products down the drain. Take them to a hazardous waste collection site.</li> <li>Throw away excess household grease (meat fats, lard, cooking oil, shortening, butter, margarine, etc.) diapers, condoms, and personal hygiene products in the garbage can.</li> <li>Clean up after your pets. Pet waste contains nutrients and germs.</li> </ul> <p class="">Environmental Protection Agency</p> Poisoning, Toxicology, Environmental Health Contaminación del agua Water Pollution Spanish National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Cryptosporidiosis Drinking Water Environmental Health Foodborne Illness Oil Spills Water Safety (Recreational) Pfiesteria Infections Pollution Septic Systems Sewage Waterborne Diseases Specifics Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Environmental Protection Agency Specifics National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Start Here U.S. Geological Survey Journal Articles Teenagers Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Children National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Start Here National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences NIH Specifics Environmental Protection Agency <p>Playing in the water - whether swimming, boating or diving - can be fun. It can also be dangerous, especially for children. Being safe can help prevent injuries and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/drowning.html">drowning</a>. To stay safe in the water:</p><ul> <li>Avoid alcohol when swimming or boating</li> <li>Wear a life jacket whenever you're in a boat</li> <li>Don't swim alone, or in bad weather</li> <li>Learn <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cpr.html">CPR</a></li> <li>Learn to swim and teach your children to swim</li> <li>Supervise your children when they are in the water</li> <li>Prevent sunburns - use plenty of sunscreen</li> </ul> Safety Issues Seguridad en el agua (Recreación) Recreation Water Sports Safety Spanish Barotrauma Drowning Safety Recreational Safety Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert American College of Emergency Physicians Children American Academy of Pediatrics Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Nemours Foundation Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Related Issues National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH Related Issues American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Start Here American Red Cross <h3>Why is weight control important?</h3> <p>If you are struggling with your weight, you are not alone. In the United States, more than 70 percent of adults are overweight or have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a>. Having this extra weight raises your risk for many health conditions, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetestype2.html">type 2 diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartdiseases.html">heart disease</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney disease</a>, and certain cancers.</p> <p>Reaching and staying at a healthy weight can be challenging. But a having a healthy lifestyle, including healthy eating patterns and regular physical activity, can help you lose weight. It can also lower your chance of developing weight-related health conditions.</p> <h3>What factors affect weight and health?</h3> <p>You gain weight when you take in more calories (through food and drinks) than you use up from physical activity and daily living. But there are many different factors that can affect weight gain, such as:</p> <ul> <li><strong>The world around you.</strong> Your home, community, and workplace all may affect how you make daily lifestyle choices. For example: <ul> <li>It is often easier to find food and beverages high in calories, sugar, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfats.html">fat</a>. For instance, vending machines, cafeterias, and special events may not offer healthy, lower calorie options.</li> <li>Less healthy foods may be cheaper than healthier foods.</li> <li>Many people are getting less physical activity because they are spending more time using smartphones and other devices.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Families.</strong> Overweight and obesity tend to run in families. Overweight and obesity tend to run in families. This suggests that genes may play a role in weight gain. Families may also share eating and lifestyle habits. For example, some families may often have foods and drinks that are high in calories, sugar, and fat. And some families may tend to be less active and spend more time doing things like sitting and watching TV or using computers.</li> <li><strong>Not enough sleep.</strong> People who don't get enough sleep may eat more calories and snack more.</li> <li><strong>Emotions.</strong> Some people eat when they feel bored, sad, or stressed, even if they are not hungry.</li> <li><strong>Medicines and health conditions.</strong> Taking certain medicines, such as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/steroids.html">steroids</a> and certain <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antidepressants.html">antidepressants</a>, can lead to weight gain. Some chronic health problems can also cause you to gain weight. A few examples are <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cushingssyndrome.html">Cushing's syndrome</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS).</li> </ul> <h3>How can I get to and stay at a healthy weight?</h3> <p>Getting to and staying at a healthy weight involves finding a balance of food and activity. To lose weight, you need to take in fewer calories than you use up. Some ways to do this are:</p> <ul> <li>Eating more nutrient-rich foods, such as foods with lots of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamins.html">vitamins</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/minerals.html">minerals</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dietaryfiber.html">fiber</a>.</li> <li>Eating and drinking less of the foods and beverages that have lots of calories, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sodium.html">salt</a>, sugar, and fat.</li> <li>Limiting <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html">alcohol</a>.</li> <li>Finding healthier ways to cook, such as using healthier oils to cook with and baking or grilling instead of frying foods.</li> <li>Getting more <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/howmuchexercisedoineed.html">physical activity</a>. The general recommendation is for adults to get 150 minutes of physical activity each week, including: <ul> <li>Aerobic activity, which is also called cardio. It uses your large muscle groups (chest, legs, and back) to speed up your heart rate and breathing.</li> <li>Muscle-strengthening activity, which is also called strength training. It works your muscles by making you push or pull against something.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>You may decide to do these lifestyle changes on your own, or you may decide to try a weight-loss diet or program. Before you start, it's important to check with your health care provider first. Your provider can tell you what a healthy weight is for you, help you set goals, and give you tips on how to lose weight.</p> <p>If making lifestyle changes or doing a weight-loss program are not enough to help you lose weight, your provider may prescribe medicines. The prescription medicines to treat overweight and obesity work in different ways. Some may help you feel less hungry or full sooner. Others may make it harder for your body to absorb fat from the foods you eat.</p> <p>Another treatment is <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/weightlosssurgery.html">weight loss surgery</a>. Your provider may recommend the surgery if you have severe obesity or serious obesity-related health problems and you have not been able to lose enough weight.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Food and Nutrition Control de peso Weight Loss Weight Reduction Programs Body Weight Maintenance Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Body Weight Diets Eating Disorders Exercise and Physical Fitness Nutrition Obesity Weight Loss Surgery BMI Teenagers Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Health Check Tools National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Health Check Tools American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Reference Desk National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements PDF NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Living With National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Easy-to-Read NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Specifics Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Videos and Tutorials Nemours Foundation Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Living With National Library of Medicine NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Specifics National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Adults National Institutes of Health NIH Teenagers National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Test Your Knowledge Medical Encyclopedia Women Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Living With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Nemours Foundation Treatments and Therapies National Library of Medicine NIH Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Bariatric surgery Bypass surgery Gastric banding Obesity surgery <p>Weight loss surgery helps people with extreme <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/obesity.html">obesity</a> to lose weight. It may be an option if you cannot lose weight through diet and exercise or have serious health problems caused by obesity.</p> <p>There are different types of weight loss surgery. They often limit the amount of food you can take in. Some types of surgery also affect how you digest food and absorb nutrients. All types have risks and complications, such as infections, hernias, and blood clots.</p> <p>Many people who have the surgery lose weight quickly, but regain some weight later on. If you follow diet and exercise recommendations, you can keep most of the weight off. You will also need medical follow-up for the rest of your life.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Surgery and Rehabilitation Metabolic Problems Cirugías para la obesidad Bariatric Surgery Obesity surgery Obesity, Morbid surgery Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Obesity Weight Control Bariatric Surgery Gastric Bypass Gastroplasty Obesity Surgery Stomach Stapling Find an Expert American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Endocrine Society Specifics American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Society of Plastic Surgeons Health Check Tools National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Statistics and Research American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Specifics American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Find an Expert Obesity Medicine Association Living With Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Journal Articles Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers American Academy of Pediatrics Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia WNV <h3>What is West Nile Virus?</h3> <p>West Nile virus (WNV) is an infectious disease. It is most often spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Most people have no symptoms, while some may develop mild symptoms. But WNV can sometimes cause serious symptoms if the virus enters your brain.</p> <h3>How does West Nile Virus spread?</h3> <p>WNV usually spreads to people through the bite of an infected mosquito. However, in rare cases, it can spread from person-to-person. This can happen through an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/organtransplantation.html">organ transplant</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bloodtransfusionanddonation.html">blood transfusion</a>. A pregnant person can also spread WNV to their baby during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectionsandpregnancy.html">pregnancy</a> or delivery. And after delivery, it can spread to the baby during <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastfeeding.html">breastfeeding</a>.</p> <h3>Who is more likely to develop West Nile Virus?</h3> <p>Anyone could be bitten by an infected mosquito and get WNV. But certain people are at higher risk for more serious illness they get a WNV infection. They include people who:</p> <ul> <li>Are over age 60</li> <li>Have certain medical conditions, such as cancer, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html">high blood pressure</a>, or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/kidneydiseases.html">kidney disease</a></li> <li>Had an organ transplant</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of West Nile Virus?</h3> <p>Symptoms can be mild to severe. But most people have no symptoms or mild symptoms.</p> <p>Mild symptoms of WNV can include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/headache.html">Headache</a></li> <li>Body aches</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">Vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diarrhea.html">Diarrhea</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rashes.html">Skin rash</a></li> </ul> <p>These symptoms usually go away on their own within a few days to several weeks. But some people will have weakness or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fatigue.html">fatigue</a> that lasts for weeks or months.</p> <p>Although rare, If West Nile virus enters your brain, it can be life-threatening. It may cause inflammation of the brain (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encephalitis.html">encephalitis</a>) or inflammation of the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/meningitis.html">meningitis</a>).</p> <p>Serious symptoms of WNV can include:</p> <ul> <li>High fever</li> <li>Headache</li> <li>Neck stiffness</li> <li>Numbness</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/coma.html">Coma</a></li> <li>Muscle weakness</li> <li>Vision loss</li> </ul> <h3>How is West Nile Virus diagnosed?</h3> <p>To find out if you have WNV, your health care provider:</p> <ul> <li>Will do a physical exam</li> <li>Will take your medical history, including asking about your symptoms</li> <li>May order blood tests</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for West Nile Virus?</h3> <p>There are no specific vaccines or treatments for human WNV disease. But rest, fluids, and over-the-counter <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">pain medicines</a> may relieve some symptoms. You may need to be hospitalized if you have serious symptoms.</p> <h3>Can West Nile Virus be prevented?</h3> <p>There are no vaccines or medicines to prevent WNV. The best way to avoid WNV is to help prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html">mosquito bites</a>:</p> <ul> <li>Wear insect repellent with DEET or another U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent. Make sure to follow the instructions for using the repellent.</li> <li>Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants if you're outside.</li> <li>Get rid of mosquito breeding sites by emptying standing water from flowerpots, buckets, or barrels.</li> <li>Stay indoors between dusk and dawn, when mosquitoes are most active.</li> <li>Use screens on windows to keep mosquitoes out.</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</p> Infections Brain and Nerves Virus del Nilo Occidental West Nile Fever Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Encephalitis Mosquito Bites WNV Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pertussis <h3>What is whooping cough?</h3> <p>Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a respiratory infection that can cause <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cough.html">coughing</a> fits. In serious cases, the coughing can become violent and rapid. You may cough so hard that you <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/nauseaandvomiting.html">vomit</a>. The name of the disease comes from the whooping noise you might make when you try to breathe in after coughing.</p> <p>Whooping cough is very contagious and can affect anyone. But it can be especially serious in babies who did not yet get the vaccine. About half of babies under age one who get whooping cough need care in the hospital.</p> <h3>What causes whooping cough?</h3> <p>Whooping cough is caused by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis. It spreads from person to person. People who have pertussis usually spread it through coughing, sneezing, or breathing very close to someone. It can also sometimes be spread by touching an infected surface and then touching your nose or mouth.</p> <p>If you get pertussis, you are contagious for about 2 weeks after you start coughing. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/antibiotics.html">Antibiotics</a> may shorten the time that you are contagious.</p> <h3>What are the symptoms of whooping cough?</h3> <p>The symptoms of pertussis usually start within 5 to 10 days after you are exposed. But sometimes you may not get symptoms until up to 3 weeks later.</p> <p>Whooping cough usually starts with cold-like symptoms. They may last for 1 to 2 weeks and can include:</p><ul> <li>Runny nose</li> <li>Mild <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">fever</a></li> <li>Mild, occasional cough</li> </ul> <p>The early symptoms in babies can be different. They may only cough a little bit, or they may not cough at all. Babies may have apnea, which means that there is a pause in breathing. They may start to turn blue. If this happens, get medical care for your baby right away.</p> <p>As whopping cough gets worse, the symptoms may include:</p><ul> <li>Fits of many, rapid coughs followed by a high-pitched "whoop" sound</li> <li>Vomiting during or after coughing fits</li> <li>Exhaustion after coughing fits </li></ul> <p>The coughing fits get worse and start happening more often, especially at night. You may have them for up to 10 weeks or more.</p> <p>Recovery from this can happen slowly. Your cough gets milder and happens less often. The coughing fits can come back if you have another respiratory infection, even months after you first got whooping cough.</p> <h3>How is whooping cough diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/whooping-cough-diagnosis/">diagnose whooping cough</a>:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms</li> <li>A physical exam</li> <li>A lab test which involves taking a sample of mucus from the back of the throat through the nose. This may be done with a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/nasal-swab/">swab</a> or syringe filled with saline. The sample is tested for the bacteria that causes whooping cough.</li> <li>Blood test</li> <li>Chest <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a></li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for whooping cough?</h3> <p>The treatment for whooping cough is usually antibiotics. Early treatment is very important. It may make your infection less serious and can also help prevent spreading the disease to others.</p> <p>Treatment after you have been sick for 3 weeks or longer may not help. The bacteria are gone from your body by then, even though you usually still have symptoms. This is because the bacteria have already done damage to your body.</p> <p>Whooping cough can sometimes be very serious and require treatment in the hospital.</p> <h3>Can whooping cough be prevented?</h3> <p><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanusdiphtheriaandpertussisvaccines.html">Vaccines</a> are the best way to prevent whooping cough. There are two vaccines in the United States that can help prevent whooping cough: DTaP and Tdap. These vaccines also provide protection against <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tetanus.html">tetanus</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diphtheria.html">diphtheria</a>.</p> <p>Babies and other people at high risk serious disease should be kept away from people who have whooping cough.</p> <p>Sometimes health care providers give antibiotics to family members of people who have had whooping cough or people who have been exposed to it. The antibiotics may prevent them from getting the disease.</p> <p>You may also help prevent the spread of whooping cough (and other respiratory diseases) by:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/germsandhygiene.html">Washing your hands</a> often with soap and water. You can use an alcohol-based hand rub if soap and water are not available.</li> <li>Avoiding touching your face with unwashed hands</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cleaningdisinfectingandsanitizing.html">Cleaning and disinfecting</a> surfaces that you frequently touch, including toys</li> <li>Covering coughs and sneezes with a tissue or upper shirt sleeve, not hands</li> <li>Staying home when sick</li> <li>Avoiding close contact with people who are sick</li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Children and Teenagers Infections Lungs and Breathing Tos ferina Whooping Cough Hmong Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Cough Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines Pertussis Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Start Here Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Forest Fire Wildland Fire <p>Wildfires are fires that burn out of control in a natural area, like a forest, grassland, or prairie. They often begin unnoticed. They spread quickly, and can damage natural resources, destroy homes, and threaten the safety of the public and firefighters.</p> <p>Humans cause most wildfires. It can be an accident, like when people don't take care of their campfire properly, burn debris, or are careless when getting rid of their cigarettes. It can also be on purpose, which is called arson. Lightning and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/volcanoes.html">lava</a> also can also cause wildfires. Wildfires are more common when conditions are dry. High winds can make them spread more quickly.</p> <p>Although there are no guarantees of safety if you live in an area threatened by a wildfire, you can take actions to protect yourself. You should have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">disaster plan</a>. Being prepared can help reduce fear, anxiety, and losses. If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html">ways to cope</a>.</p> <p class="">Federal Emergency Management Agency</p> Disasters Incendios forestales Wildfires Spanish Patient Handouts Federal Emergency Management Agency PDF Learn More Federal Emergency Management Agency Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More National Interagency Fire Center Journal Articles Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More United States Fire Administration Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics Nephroblastoma <p>Wilms tumor is a rare type of kidney cancer. It causes a tumor on one or both kidneys. It usually affects children, but can happen in adults. Having certain genetic conditions or birth defects can increase the risk of getting it. Children that are at risk should be screened for Wilms tumor every three months until they turn eight.</p> <p>Symptoms include a lump in the abdomen, blood in the urine, and a fever for no reason. Tests that examine the kidney and blood are used to find the tumor.</p> <p>Doctors usually diagnose and remove the tumor in surgery. Other treatments include chemotherapy and radiation and biologic therapies. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Cancer Institute</p> Cancers Kidneys and Urinary System Tumor de Wilms Wilms Tumor Spanish National Cancer Institute Kidney Cancer Nephroblastoma Genetics National Human Genome Research Institute NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Find an Expert American Cancer Society Prevention and Risk Factors American Cancer Society Find an Expert American Cancer Society Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Reference Desk National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Start Here National Cancer Institute NIH Reference Desk Nemours Foundation Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Find an Expert National Cancer Institute NIH Journal Articles Symptoms American Cancer Society Related Issues National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Cancer Institute NIH Diagnosis and Tests American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies National Cancer Institute NIH Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here American Cancer Society Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Nemours Foundation Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Copper storage disease Hepatolenticular degeneration <p>Wilson disease is a rare inherited disorder that prevents your body from getting rid of extra copper. You need a small amount of copper from food to stay healthy. Too much copper is poisonous.</p> <p>Normally, your liver releases extra copper into bile, a digestive fluid. With Wilson disease, the copper builds up in your liver, and it releases the copper directly into your bloodstream. This can cause damage to your brain, kidneys, and eyes.</p> <p>Wilson disease is present at birth, but symptoms usually start between ages 5 and 35. It first attacks the liver, the central nervous system or both. The most characteristic sign is a rusty brown ring around the cornea of the eye. A physical exam and laboratory tests can diagnose it.</p> <p>Treatment is with drugs to remove the extra copper from your body. You need to take medicine and follow a low-copper diet for the rest of your life. Don't eat shellfish or liver, as these foods may contain high levels of copper. At the beginning of treatment, you'll also need to avoid chocolate, mushrooms, and nuts. Have your drinking water checked for copper content and don't take multivitamins that contain copper.</p> <p>With early detection and proper treatment, you can enjoy good health.</p> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p> Digestive System Brain and Nerves Genetics/Birth Defects Metabolic Problems Enfermedad de Wilson Hepatolenticular Degeneration Spanish National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Copper Storage Disease Hepatolenticular Degeneration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Living With Wilson Disease Association Diagnosis and Tests Wilson Disease Association Genetics Wilson Disease Association Diagnosis and Tests Wilson Disease Association Living With Wilson Disease Association Find an Expert National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Find an Expert National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH Journal Articles Start Here National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Wilson Disease Association Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research <h3>What kinds of problems can severe winter weather cause?</h3> <p>Winter storms can bring extreme cold, freezing rain, snow, ice, and high winds. Staying safe and warm can be a challenge. You may have to cope with problems such as:</p><ul> <li>Cold-related health problems, including <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/frostbite.html">frostbite</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hypothermia.html">hypothermia</a></li> <li>Household fires and carbon monoxide poisoning from space heaters and fireplaces</li> <li>Unsafe driving conditions on icy roads</li> <li>Power failures and loss of communication</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/floods.html">Floods</a> after the snow and ice melt</li> </ul> <h3>How can I prepare for a winter weather emergency?</h3> If there is a winter storm coming, there are things you can do to try to keep yourself and your loved ones safe: <ul> <li>Have a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disasterpreparationandrecovery.html">disaster plan</a> that includes</li> <ul> <li>Making sure that you have important phone numbers, including numbers for your health care providers, pharmacy, and veterinarian</li> <li>Having a communication plan for your family</li> <li>Knowing how to get reliable information during the storm</li> </ul> <li>Prepare your home to keep out the cold with insulation, caulking, and weather stripping. Learn how to keep pipes from freezing.</li> <li>Gather supplies in case you need to stay home for several days without power</li> <li>If you plan to use your fireplace or wood stove for emergency heating, have your chimney or flue inspected each year</li> <li>Install a smoke detector and a battery-operated carbon monoxide detector</li> <li>If you have to travel, be sure you have an emergency car kit with some basic supplies like</li> <ul> <li>An ice scraper</li> <li>A shovel</li> <li>Cat litter or sand for better tire traction </li> <li>Water and snacks</li> <li>Extra warm clothing</li> <li>Jumper cables</li> <li>First aid kit with any necessary medicines and a pocketknife</li> <li>A battery-powered radio, a flashlight, and extra batteries</li> <li>Emergency flares or distress flags</li> <li>Waterproof matches and a can to melt snow for water</li> </ul> </ul> <p>If you do experience a disaster, it is normal to feel stressed. You may need help in finding <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/copingwithdisasters.html">ways to cope</a>.</p> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Disasters Emergencias causadas por el invierno Emergencies Cold Climate Spanish Cold (Temperature) Natural Disasters Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More Federal Emergency Management Agency Learn More American Academy of Pediatrics NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Learn More National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Learn More Department of Homeland Security Learn More American Red Cross Easy-to-Read Learn More Occupational Safety and Health Administration <p>Women have unique health issues. And some of the health issues that affect both men and women can affect women differently.</p> <p>Unique issues include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pregnancy.html">pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">menopause</a>, and conditions of the female organs. Women can have a healthy pregnancy by getting early and regular <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/prenatalcare.html">prenatal care</a>. They should also get recommended breast cancer, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html">cervical cancer</a>, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bonedensity.html">bone density</a> screenings.</p> <p>Women and men also have many of the same health problems. But these problems can affect women differently. For example:</p><ul> <li>Women are more likely to die following a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/heartattack.html">heart attack</a> than men</li> <li>Women are more likely to show signs of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/depression.html">depression</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/anxiety.html">anxiety</a> than men</li> <li>The effects of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs) can be more serious in women</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoarthritis</a> affects more women than men</li> <li>Women are more likely to have <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/urineandurination.html">urinary tract problems</a></li> </ul> <p class="">NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development</p> Women Population Groups Salud de las mujeres Women's Health Arabic Bengali Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Haitian Creole Hindi Japanese Korean Polish Portuguese Russian Spanish Tagalog Urdu Vietnamese NIH Office of Research on Women's Health Breast Diseases Heart Disease in Women Menopause Pregnancy Reproductive Hazards Sexual Problems in Women Uterine Diseases Women's Health Checkup Start Here Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Find an Expert American Medical Association Related Issues Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Diagnosis and Tests Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics Food and Drug Administration Easy-to-Read Find an Expert American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics Food and Drug Administration Find an Expert National Institutes of Health, Office of Research on Women's Health NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Journal Articles Statistics and Research National Institutes of Health NIH Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Specifics American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Specifics National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism PDF NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Food and Drug Administration <p>Regular checkups with your health care provider are different from appointments for sickness or injury. Your checkups, which are also called well-woman exams, include physical exams as well as preventive care. They can help find health problems early, when they may be easier to treat.</p> <p>Your checkup will include <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthscreening.html">screenings</a> for chronic diseases. As a woman, you may also get special exams and screenings, such as:</p> <ul> <li><strong>A pelvic exam</strong> to check the health of your reproductive organs. The provider will look at your vulva, vagina, and cervix. They will also do an internal exam to feel the size and shape of your internal organs such as the uterus and ovaries.</li> <li><strong>A <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancerscreening.html">cervical cancer screening</a></strong>, which uses a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pap-smear/">Pap test</a>, an <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/human-papillomavirus-hpv-test/">HPV test</a>, or both. The tests can help prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/cervicalcancer.html">cervical cancer</a>. A Pap test checks for cervical cancer and for abnormal cells that could turn into cancer. An HPV test looks for the types of <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hpv.html">HPV</a> which can cause cervical cancer. For both tests, your provider will take a sample of cells from the surface of your cervix and send them to a lab to be examined under a microscope.</li> <li><strong>A clinical breast exam</strong> to check for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/breastcancer.html">breast cancer</a>. The provider will feel and look at your breasts and armpit area for lumps or other changes.</li> </ul> <p>Which tests you get and how often you need them will depend on your age, overall health, and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/familyhistory.html">family health history</a>. In some cases, your provider may also recommend other tests as well. For example, if you have a family history of certain cancers, your provider may recommend <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetictesting.html">genetic testing</a>.</p> <p>During your checkup, you and your provider may also talk about other issues, such as:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html">Birth control</a> or family planning</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/menopause.html">Menopause</a></li> <li>Menstrual concerns</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sexuallytransmittedinfections.html">Sexually transmitted infections</a> (STIs)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaccines.html">Vaccines</a></li> <li>Your overall health, including suggestions on how to have a healthy lifestyle</li> </ul> <p>To make the most of your next checkup, bring a list of any questions or concerns you have, so you can talk about them with your provider.</p> Women Wellness and Lifestyle Chequeo médico de la mujer Women's Health Physical Examination Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Vietnamese Health Checkup Women's Health Pelvic Exam Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Cancer Institute NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Find an Expert Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Start Here Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Easy-to-Read Teenagers Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Journal Articles Older Adults AGS Health in Aging Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Teenagers Nemours Foundation Teenagers Boston Children's Hospital Traumatic injuries <p>An injury is damage to your body. It is a general term that refers to harm caused by accidents, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/falls.html">falls</a>, hits, weapons, and more. In the U.S., millions of people injure themselves every year. These injuries range from minor to life-threatening. Injuries can happen at <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/occupationalhealth.html">work</a> or <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sportsinjuries.html">play</a>, indoors or outdoors, driving a car, or walking across the street.</p> <p>Wounds are injuries that break the skin or other body tissues. They include cuts, scrapes, scratches, and punctured skin. They often happen because of an accident, but surgery, sutures, and stitches also cause wounds. Minor wounds usually aren't serious, but it is important to clean them. Serious and infected wounds may require <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/firstaid.html">first aid</a> followed by a visit to your doctor. You should also seek attention if the wound is deep, you cannot close it yourself, you cannot stop the bleeding or get the dirt out, or it does not heal.</p> <p>Other common types of injuries include:</p><ul> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/animalbites.html">Animal bites</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/bruises.html">Bruises</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/burns.html">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dislocations.html">Dislocations</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/electricalinjuries.html">Electrical injuries</a></li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">Fractures</a> (broken bones)</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">Sprains and strains</a></li> </ul> Skin, Hair and Nails Injuries and Wounds Safety Issues Heridas y lesiones Wounds and Injuries Arabic Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish Bruises Child Safety Electrical Injuries Falls First Aid Foreign Bodies Safety Scars Surgery Accidents Injuries Lacerations Find an Expert American Red Cross Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Family Physicians Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Children Nemours Foundation Diagnosis and Tests Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Statistics and Research National Center for Health Statistics Find an Expert Federal Emergency Management Agency Find an Expert Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurses Society Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Merck & Co., Inc. Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Specifics American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Learn More National Institutes of Health NIH Statistics and Research National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Related Issues American Cancer Society Treatments and Therapies Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Statistics and Research Bureau of Labor Statistics Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies VisualDX Treatments and Therapies National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Children Nemours Foundation Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Nemours Foundation Teenagers Nemours Foundation <p>Your wrist connects your hand to your forearm. It is not one big joint; it has several small joints. This makes it flexible and allows you to move your hand in different ways. The wrist has two big forearm bones and eight small bones known as carpals. It also has tendons and ligaments, which are connective tissues. Tendons connect muscles to bones. Ligaments connect bones to each other.</p> <h3>What are the types of wrist injuries and disorders?</h3> <p>Some of the more common types of wrist injuries and disorders are:</p><ul> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/carpaltunnelsyndrome.html">Carpal tunnel syndrome</a></strong>, which happens when a nerve that runs from your forearm into your palm becomes squeezed at the wrist</li> <li><strong>Ganglion cysts</strong>, which are noncancerous lumps or masses</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/gout.html">Gout</a></strong>, which is a form of arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid in your joints</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">Fractures</a></strong> (broken bones)</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/osteoarthritis.html">Osteoarthritis</a></strong>, the most common type of arthritis. It is caused by wear and tear of the joints.</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sprainsandstrains.html">Sprains and strains</a></strong>, which are injuries to ligaments and injuries to muscles or tendons</li> <li><strong><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/tendinitis.html">Tendinitis</a></strong>, inflammation of a tendon, usually due to overuse</li> </ul> <h3>Who is at risk for wrist injuries and disorders?</h3> <p>Certain things can put you at higher risk of having a wrist problem, including:</p><ul> <li>Doing sports, which can put you at risk for injuries and puts stress on your wrist. For example, you may fall on your outstretched hand when you are skating or snowboarding. Your wrist could be injured while doing contact sports. And other sports such as gymnastics and basketball can strain your wrists.</li> <li>Doing repetitive wrist motions, such as typing on a keyboard, working on an assembly line, or using power tools.</li> <li>Having certain diseases. For example, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html">rheumatoid arthritis</a> can cause wrist pain.</li> </ul> <h3>What are the symptoms of wrist injuries and disorders?</h3> <p>The symptoms of a wrist problem can vary, depending on the problem. A common symptom is wrist pain. Some other possible symptoms include swelling, a decrease in wrist strength, and sudden numbness or tingling.</p> <h3>How are wrist injuries and disorders diagnosed?</h3> <p>Your health care provider may use many tools to make a diagnosis:</p><ul> <li>A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms</li> <li>A physical exam, including checking your wrist strength and range of motion</li> <li>An <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/xrays.html">x-ray</a> or other <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/diagnosticimaging.html">imaging test</a></li> <li>Blood tests</li> </ul> <h3>What are the treatments for wrist injuries and disorders?</h3> <p>Treatments for wrist pain depends on the type of injury or disorder. They may include:</p><ul> <li>Resting your wrist</li> <li>Wearing a wrist brace or cast</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/painrelievers.html">Pain relievers</a></li> <li>Cortisone shots</li> <li>Physical therapy</li> <li>Surgery</li> </ul> <h3>Can wrist injuries and disorders be prevented?</h3> <p>To try to prevent wrist problems, you can:</p><ul> <li>Use wrist guards, when doing sports that put you at risk for wrist injuries</li> <li>In the workplace, perform stretching exercises and take frequent rest breaks. You should also pay attention to <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ergonomics.html">ergonomics</a> to make sure that you are using the proper wrist position while working.</li> <li>Make sure that you get enough <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/calcium.html">calcium</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vitamind.html">vitamin D</a> to keep your bones strong</li> </ul> Bones, Joints and Muscles Injuries and Wounds Lesiones y enfermedades de la muñeca Wrist Injuries Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Arm Injuries and Disorders Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Elbow Injuries and Disorders Hand Injuries and Disorders Shoulder Injuries and Disorders Ganglion Cyst Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Related Issues Occupational Safety and Health Administration Prevention and Risk Factors Occupational Safety and Health Administration Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Children Nemours Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Diagnosis and Tests Start Here American Academy of Family Physicians Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Treatments and Therapies National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health NIH Find an Expert National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Find an Expert National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases NIH Journal Articles Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Related Issues American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Treatments and Therapies American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Diagnosis and Tests Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Radiography <p>X-rays are a type of radiation called electromagnetic waves. X-ray imaging creates pictures of the inside of your body. The images show the parts of your body in different shades of black and white. This is because different tissues absorb different amounts of radiation. Calcium in bones absorbs x-rays the most, so bones look white. Fat and other soft tissues absorb less and look gray. Air absorbs the least, so lungs look black.</p> <p>The most familiar use of x-rays is checking for <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/fractures.html">fractures</a> (broken bones), but x-rays are also used in other ways. For example, chest x-rays can spot pneumonia. Mammograms use x-rays to look for breast cancer.</p> <p>When you have an x-ray, you may wear a lead apron to protect certain parts of your body. The amount of radiation you get from an x-ray is small. For example, a chest x-ray gives out a radiation dose similar to the amount of radiation you're naturally exposed to from the environment over 10 days.</p> Diagnostic Tests Rayos X X-Rays Arabic Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin dialect) French Hindi Japanese Korean Nepali Russian Somali Spanish Spanish CT Scans Diagnostic Imaging Radiography Roentgen Rays Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Find an Expert American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Videos and Tutorials Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Related Issues Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF In English and Spanish Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Find an Expert Food and Drug Administration Women Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Women Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF In English and Spanish Specifics American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Women National Library of Medicine NIH Start Here Food and Drug Administration Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Library of Medicine NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Children Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Food and Drug Administration Journal Articles Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Children Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Video Specifics American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF In English and Spanish Find an Expert Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Reference Desk Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF In English and Spanish Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Related Issues American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF In English and Spanish Specifics American Society of Radiologic Technologists PDF In English and Spanish Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Radiological Society of North America American College of Radiology Specifics National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Children Nemours Foundation Women Food and Drug Administration Candidiasis Moniliasis <p>Candida is the scientific name for yeast. It is a fungus that lives almost everywhere, including in your body. Usually, your immune system keeps yeast under control. If you are sick or taking antibiotics, it can multiply and cause an infection. </p> <p>Yeast infections affect different parts of the body in different ways:</p><ul> <li>Thrush is a yeast infection that causes white patches in your mouth </li> <li>Candida esophagitis is thrush that spreads to your esophagus, the tube that takes food from your mouth to your stomach. It can make it hard or painful to swallow. </li> <li>Women can get vaginal yeast infections, causing <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html">vaginitis</a></li> <li>Yeast infections of the skin cause itching and rashes </li> <li>Yeast infections in your bloodstream can be life-threatening </li> </ul> <p>Antifungal medicines get rid of yeast infections in most people. If you have a weak immune system, treatment might be more difficult.</p> Infections Mouth and Teeth Female Reproductive System Infecciones por cándida Candidiasis Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Fungal Infections Vaginitis Candidiasis Moniliasis Thrush Vaginal Yeast Infection Related Issues National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research NIH Teenagers Nemours Foundation Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics American Thoracic Society PDF Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Genetics National Library of Medicine NIH Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Treatments and Therapies American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Find an Expert National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Children Nemours Foundation Specifics Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Specifics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Journal Articles Children VisualDX Images VisualDX Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Children American Academy of Pediatrics Specifics American Academy of Dermatology Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Specifics Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health Teenagers Nemours Foundation Start Here VisualDX Start Here Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Related Issues Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Men Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Zika <p>Zika is a <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/viralinfections.html">virus</a> that is spread mostly by mosquitoes. A pregnant mother can pass it to her baby during pregnancy or around the time of birth. It can spread through sexual contact. There have also been reports that the virus has spread through blood transfusions. There have been outbreaks of Zika virus in the United States, Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South America.</p> <p>Most people who get the virus do not get sick. One in five people do get symptoms, which can include a fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis (<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/pinkeye.html">pink eye</a>). Symptoms are usually mild, and start 2 to 7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.</p> <p>A blood test can tell whether you have the infection. There are no vaccines or medicines to treat it. Drinking lots of fluids, resting, and taking acetaminophen might help.</p> <p>Zika can cause microcephaly (a serious <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/brainmalformations.html">birth defect of the brain</a>) and other problems in babies whose mothers were infected while pregnant. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that pregnant women do not travel to areas where there is a Zika virus outbreak. If you do decide to travel, first talk to your doctor. You should also be careful to prevent <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/mosquitobites.html">mosquito bites</a>:</p> <ul> <li>Use insect repellent</li> <li>Wear clothes that cover your arms, legs, and feet</li> <li>Stay in places that have air conditioning or that use window and door screens </li> </ul> <p class="">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Infections Virus del Zika Zika Virus Zika Virus Infection Spanish National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mosquito Bites Women Nemours Foundation Start Here Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Trials National Institutes of Health NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Prevention and Risk Factors Environmental Protection Agency NIH MedlinePlus Magazine NIH Prevention and Risk Factors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF Journal Articles Diagnosis and Tests Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Treatments and Therapies Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Specifics World Health Organization Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Statistics and Research National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH Patient Handouts Encyclopedia Medical Encyclopedia Start Here World Health Organization Start Here World Health Organization Diagnosis and Tests National Library of Medicine NIH Related Issues Centers for Disease Control and Prevention <p>Hacer ejercicio en forma regular es una de las mejores cosas que puede hacer para su salud. Tiene muchos <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/benefitsofexercise.html">beneficios</a>, incluyendo mejorar su salud general y estado físico y bajar su riesgo de muchas enfermedades crónicas. Para obtener el mayor beneficio, las recomendaciones sobre la cantidad de ejercicio que necesita son:</p> <h3>Para adultos:</h3> <p><b>Trate de hacer un total de al menos 150 minutos de actividad aeróbica de moderada intensidad o 75 minutos de alta intensidad cada semana, o una combinación de ambos:</b> </p><ul> <li>Trate de hacer esta cantidad de ejercicio durante varios días de la semana. Eso es mejor que tratar de hacer todo en sólo un par de días</li> <li>Puede que algunos días no pueda destinar períodos largos de tiempo para hacer ejercicio. Puede tratar de dividirlos en segmentos de 10 minutos o más</li> <li>Las actividades aeróbicas incluyen caminar rápido, trotar, nadar y andar en bicicleta</li> <li>Ejercicio de intensidad moderada significa que usted debería poder decir algunas palabras de corrido, pero no poder cantar, por ejemplo</li> <li>Ejercicio de alta intensidad significa que, al hacer esta actividad física, usted no puede decir algunas palabras sin tener que parar para tomar aire </li> </ul> <p><b>Además, haga actividades de fortalecimiento dos veces por semana:</b></p><ul> <li>Las actividades de fortalecimiento incluyen levantar pesas, trabajar con bandas elásticas y hacer abdominales y flexiones</li> <li>Elija actividades que trabajen todas las diferentes partes del cuerpo: Piernas, caderas, espalda, pecho, estómago, hombros y brazos. Debe repetir ejercicios para cada grupo muscular de ocho a 12 veces por sesión </li> </ul> <h3>Para niños preescolares (de 3 a 5 años):</h3> <p><b>Para ayudar a los niños preescolares con su desarrollo y crecimiento, ellos deben estar físicamente activos durante el día. </b> </p> <p>Esto consiste en practicar juegos estructurados y desestructurados. El juego estructurado tiene un objetivo y está dirigido por un adulto. Ejemplos incluyen practicar un deporte o un juego. El juego no estructurado es libre y creativo, como jugar en el patio de recreo. </p> <h3>Para niños y adolescentes:</h3> <p><b>Deben hacer 60 minutos o más de actividad física todos los días, la mayoría de intensidad moderada:</b></p><ul> <li>Las actividades deben variar y ser adecuadas para la edad y el desarrollo físico del niño</li> <li>Las actividades aeróbicas de intensidad moderada incluyen caminar, correr, saltar, jugar en el patio, jugar al baloncesto y andar en bicicleta</li> </ul> <p><b>Además, deben hacer cada una de las siguientes actividades al menos tres días a la semana: Actividad aeróbica de alta intensidad, fortalecimiento muscular y fortalecimiento de los huesos:</b></p><ul> <li>Las actividades aeróbicas de alta intensidad incluyen correr, saltar y nadar rápido</li> <li>El ejercicio para fortalecer los músculos incluye jugar en el parque, jugar a las remolcadas, y hacer flexiones </li> <li>Las actividades de fortalecimiento óseo incluyen saltar, jugar vóleibol y trabajar con bandas elásticas</li> </ul> <h3>Personas mayores, mujeres embarazadas y personas con problemas crónicos de salud: </h3> <p>Las personas mayores, las mujeres embarazadas y quienes tienen problemas crónicos de salud deben consultar con su proveedor de atención médica sobre cuánto ejercicio y qué tipos de ellos pueden hacer.</p> <h3>Sugerencias para el ejercicio:</h3> <p>Las personas que están tratando de perder peso pueden necesitar hacer más ejercicio. También necesitan ajustar su dieta, para poder quemar más calorías de las que consumen.</p> <p>Si usted no acostumbra hacer ejercicio, puede que tenga que comenzar despacio. Puede seguir agregando más actividad física lentamente. Cuanto más pueda hacer, mejor. Pero trate de no abrumarse y haga lo que pueda. Hacer un poco de ejercicio es siempre mejor que no hacer nada.</p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional del Corazón, los Pulmones y la Sangre</p> Bienestar y estilo de vida Aptitud física y ejercicio How Much Exercise Do I Need? Más información Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Más información Spanish/Español Instituto del Corazón de Texas Spanish/Español NIH Revista MedlinePlus Salud NIH Más información Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Más información Spanish/Español Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Folato Vitamina B9 Ácido pteroilglutámico <p>El ácido fólico es una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/bvitamins.html">vitamina B</a>. Ayuda al organismo a crear células nuevas. Todas las personas necesitan ácido fólico. Es muy importante para las mujeres en edad fértil. Obtener suficiente ácido fólico antes y durante el embarazo puede prevenir <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/neuraltubedefects.html">defectos</a> congénitos importantes en el cerebro y la columna vertebral del bebé. </p> <p>Entre los alimentos que contienen ácido fólico se encuentran:</p> <ul> <li>Vegetales de hojas verdes</li> <li>Frutas</li> <li>Guisantes secos, chícharos y nueces</li> <li>Panes enriquecidos, cereales y otros productos hechos con granos</li> </ul> <p>Si no obtiene suficiente ácido fólico a través de los alimentos, puede consumirlo como <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/dietarysupplements.html">suplemento dietético</a>.</p> <p class="">NIH: Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos</p> Alimentos y nutrición Folic Acid Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos Vitaminas Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina para la Salud de la Mujer en el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE. UU Fácil de leer Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Video Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Oficina de Suplementos Dietéticos de los NIH NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Fundación de Niños con Defectos de Nacimiento March of Dimes Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Comience aquí Spanish/Español Asociación de Espina Bífida Adolescentes Spanish/Español Hospital de Niños de Boston Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Fundación Nemours Carbunco <p>El ántrax es una enfermedad causada por el <em>Bacillus anthracis</em>, un microbio que vive en la tierra. Muchas personas han oído hablar de él en los ataques <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/biodefenseandbioterrorism.html">bioterroristas</a> de 2001. En esos ataques, alguien diseminaba intencionalmente ántrax por medio del correo estadounidense. Murieron cinco personas y 22 se enfermaron. </p> <p>El ántrax no es común. Afecta animales como al ganado, ovejas y cabras más que a las personas. Los humanos pueden contraer ántrax a través del contacto con animales, lana, carne o cuero infectados. </p> <p>Hay tres formas en que las personas se infectan con ántrax. Estas son:</p><ul> <li> Cutánea, que afecta la piel. Las personas con cortaduras o heridas abiertas pueden adquirirla si tocan las bacterias. </li> <li> Por inhalación, que afecta los pulmones. Puede adquirirse si se respiran las esporas de las bacterias. </li> <li> Gastrointestinal, que afecta el sistema digestivo. También por consumir alimentos infectados. </li> </ul> <p>Si se diagnostica anticipadamente, el tratamiento con antibióticos suele curar el ántrax. Pero muchas personas no saben que padecen de ántrax hasta que es demasiado tarde para tratarlo. Existe una vacuna para prevenir el ántrax, para las personas en el servicio militar y otros grupos de alto riesgo. </p> Infecciones Anthrax Instituto Nacional de Alergias y Enfermedades Infecciosas Biodefensa y bioterrorismo Carbunco Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Más información Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Más información Spanish/Español Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades Escaras Llagas por presión <p>Las úlceras por presión son áreas de piel lesionada por permanecer en una misma posición durante demasiado tiempo. Comúnmente se forman donde los huesos están más cerca de la piel, como los tobillos, los talones y las caderas. El riesgo es mayor si está recluido en una cama, utiliza una silla de ruedas o no puede cambiar de posición. Las úlceras por presión pueden causar infecciones graves, algunas de las cuales pueden poner la vida en peligro. Pueden constituir un problema para las personas en los centros de cuidados especializados.</p> <p>Para prevenir las úlceras:</p> <ul> <li>Mantenga la piel limpia y seca</li> <li>Cambie de posición cada dos horas</li> <li>Utilice almohadas y productos que alivien la presión</li> </ul> <p>Las úlceras por presión tienen una variedad de tratamientos. Las úlceras más avanzadas se curan lentamente, de modo que lo mejor es el tratamiento anticipado.</p> Piel, cabello y uñas Pressure Sores Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel Escaras Úlcera por decúbito Viviendo con... Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Especialistas Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas y de la Piel NIH Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Prevención y factores de riesgo Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Sociedad Americana Contra el Cáncer Úlcera duodenal Úlcera gástrica <p>Una úlcera péptica es una llaga en la mucosa que recubre el estómago o el duodeno, que es la primera parte del intestino delgado. El síntoma más común es un ardor en el estómago. </p> <p>El dolor puede:</p><ul> <li> Aparecer entre comidas o durante la noche </li> <li> Desaparecer después de comer algo o de tomar un antiácido </li> <li> Durar minutos u horas</li> <li> Ir y venir por varios días o semanas </li> </ul> <p>Las úlceras pépticas ocurren cuando los ácidos que lo ayudan a digerir los alimentos dañan las paredes del estómago o del duodeno. La causa más común es la infección por una bacteria llamada <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/helicobacterpyloriinfections.html">Helicobacter pylori</a>. Otra causa es el uso prolongado de antiinflamatorios no esteroides, tales como la aspirina y el ibuprofeno. El estrés y las comidas picantes no causan úlceras, pero pueden empeorarlas. </p> <p> Para detectar una infección por Helicobacter pylori, el doctor realizará exámenes de sangre, de aliento o fecales. También podrá examinar dentro del estómago y del duodeno haciendo una <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/endoscopy.html">endoscopía</a> o rayos X. </p> <p>Las úlceras pépticas empeorarán si no se tratan. El tratamiento puede incluir medicinas para reducir los ácidos del estómago o antibióticos para matar el Helicobacter pylori. Los antiácidos o la leche no curan las úlceras aunque pueden aliviarlas temporalmente. Dejar de fumar y evitar el consumo del alcohol puede ayudar. La cirugía puede ser necesaria para las úlceras que no sanan. </p> <p class="">NIH: Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales </p> Sistema digestivo Peptic Ulcer Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales Enfermedades del estómago Infecciones por Helicobacter pylori Úlcera duodenal Úlcera gástrica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Sociedad Americana para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal Comience aquí Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Video Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Niños/as Asociación Norteamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátricas PDF Spanish/Español Síntomas Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Asuntos relacionados Instituto Nacional del Cáncer NIH Síntomas Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Colegio Americano de Radiología Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Asuntos específicos Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Spanish/Español Síntomas Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina NIH Diagnóstico y exámenes Spanish/Español Instituto Nacional de la Diabetes y las Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales NIH Interactivos y videos Spanish/Español Enciclopedia Médica Video Comience aquí Spanish/Español NON-DISPLAY (Patient Handout) Enciclopedia Médica Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Comience aquí Spanish/Español Academia Americana de Médicos de Familia Adolescentes Spanish/Español Fundación Nemours Spanish/Español Tratamientos y terapias Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica